March 30, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8701 PROGRAM Senate will resume consideration of S. NOMINATIONS 354, the matter now pending before the Executive nominations received by the Mr. MOSS. Mr. President, the Senate Senate. will convene tomorrow at 12 o'clock noon. Senate March 30, 1976: After the two leaders or their designees THE JUDICIARY have been recognized under the stand­ ADJOURNMENT Morey L. Sear, of Louisiana, to be U.S. dis­ trict judge for the eastern distriot of Louisi­ ing order, the Senator from Oklahoma Mr. MOSS. Mr. President~ if there be (Mr. BARTLETT) will be recognized for not no further business to come before the ana vice James A. Comiskey, resigned. to exceed 15 minutes, at the conclusion Senate, I move, in accordance with the FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION of which there will be a period for the previous order, that the Senate stand in The following-named persons to be mem­ transaction of routine morning business adjournment until the hour of 12 noon bers of the Federal Farm Credit Board, Farm of not to exceed 30 minutes, with tomorrow. Credit Administration, for terms expiring speeches therein limited to 5 minutes March 31, 1982: The motion was agreed to; and at 5:03 M. R. Bradley, of Indiana, vice Kenneth N. each. p.m., the Senate adjourned until tomor­ Probasco, term expiring. At the conclusion of routine morning row, Wednesday, March 31, 1976, at 12 William Dale Nix, Sr., of Texas, vice E. G. business, or no later than 1 p.m., the meridian. Schuhart II, term expiring.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS ENERGY GOALS FADING The transition to nuclear power has been maximum employment" accomplished slowed to a crawl by environmental and since 1946? During these 30 years the safety disputes and doubts about economic annual official unemployment rate has HON. ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO factors. Other countries are leaping at op­ averaged 4.9 percent. The highest rate OF CALIFORNIA portunities to use nuclear technology to re­ lieve their dependency on imported petrole­ of unemployment during this period oc­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES um while the country which first split the curred last year, with an official rate Tuesday, March 30, 1976 atom cannot seem to make up its mind. calculated at 8.6 percent but which was All of this reflects a comfortable feeling nearly double when discouraged workers Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Speaker, I that things will turn out all right if no one and individuals forced to work part time would like to bring to the attention of rocks the boat. No painful or involuntary are included. But even these uncon­ my colleagues the following well-ex­ sacrifice is necessary. scionable national rates of unemploy­ pressed editorial from the Oxnard Press That is the official view of the Chinese gov­ ernment. In its latest issue, the Peking Re­ ment obscure the extent to which par­ Courier entitled: "Energy Goals Fad­ ticular groups and particular areas of ing." view argues that the world's resources of energy are infinite. the country are ravaged by joblessness. The American people and the Con­ The Chinese are new to the modern indus­ The National Urban League estimates gress must not ignore the points raised trial world. They have an excuse for being that at the end of last year approxi­ by this excellent editorial: naive. mately 3.1 million black Americans were ENERGY GOALS FADING But American people and the American unemployed, a rate of nearly 26 percent. Two years ago the Arabs imposed an oil Congress have no such excuse. Sooner or later they must confront the hard reality of plac­ Detroit's jobless rate at year's end was embargo that should have served as a warn­ · 12.7 percent, and has changed little in ing of what an energy shortage could mean ing a limit on the growth of energy consump­ to the United States. tion that has continued for 200 years in the past few months. Teenage jobless­ Since the scare, however, more time has the industrialized nations. And it is more ness has not fallen below 10 percent been spent arguing over energy policy than likely to be sooner than later. since 1953 and it has averaged more in taking steps that would solve the prob­ than 20 percent the past year. lem. In fact, the nation is moving backward. The fact of the matter is that our For awhile car buyers were purchasing com­ economy over the past generation has pact and subcompact vehicles to save gaso­ UNEMPLOYMENT AND THE FED­ created and perpetuated an appalling line. Now Detroit says sales are trending up ERAL BUDGET for the bigger models again. human wasteland for millions of Amer­ The only major achievement since the icans and we still find ourselves debating 1973-74 embargo is that work has finally HON. JOHN CONYERS, JR. the merits of putting people back to started on the long-delayed Alaska pipeline. OF MICHIGAN work. Gasoline consumption, which had dropped IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Last November the Institute for Pol­ in 1974, has now risen back to pre-embargo icy Studies, upon the request of 47 Mem­ levels and is still rising. Higher utility bills Tuesday, March 30, 1976 are inducing some energy conservation but bers of Congress, published an analysis the government sees nothing to change its Mr. CONYERS. Mr. Speaker, as the of the Federal budget. I wish to bring to forecast that the national consumption of Full Employment and Balanced Growth the attention of my colleagues one of the various forms of energy will rise by 2.5 per Act (H.R. 50) moves through the Con­ papers in the institute's budget study, cent a year from now to the end of the gress, it is important for all of us to keep entitled "Unemployment and the Fed­ century. clear in our minds why this legislation eral Budget," written by Prof. Rick Hurd Congress apparently reflects the majority of the University of New Hampshire. It opinion that the energy crisis is not really is so vital to the American people. critical. U.S. dependence on foreign oil in­ H.R. 50 fulfills at last the promise of offers an excellent discussion of the creases dally. "Project Independence" has the Full Employment legislation that causes of unemployment, of the defects failed to win much support. was considered 30 years ago in the 79th in existing manpower policy, and out­ Congress has continued domestic oil price Congress, and which resulted in the lines a new direction of economic policy controls for at least three years; the House Employment Act of 1946. This legisla­ toward the goal of full employment: has shied away from full-scale natural gas tion originally had declared that it was UNEMPLOYMENT AND THE FEDERAL BUDGET deregulation and instead voted to tighten a right of each and every American, who (By Rick Hurd, economic policy fellow, price controls on the nation's largest gas pro­ Brookings Institution; assistant professor ducers. The House last June killed a 20-cent- was able and willing to work, to be gain- . a-gallon additional tax levy on gasoline to . fully employed, and provided the ma­ of economics, University of New Hamp­ be imposed whenever consumption increased chinery to enforce this right. But in the shire) above the 1973 levels. course of its passage through Congress Policymakers typically identify individual Disputes over strip-mining rules and other this legislation was watered down so that deficiencies of the poor as the cause of their federal policies are hampering the develop­ the goal of full employment became one poverty. Their stated purpose of government ment of this nation's massive coal reserves. of "maximum employment" consistent manpower programs is to correct these de­ The price controls on oll and gas are stall­ ficiencies. The alternate view presented here ing development of shale oil recovery and with other economic values such as is that, in the United States, poverty is a coal gasification processes. Lawsuits are maintenance of free enterprise control product of the economic system. If man­ threatening to block development of offshore over labor markets and price stability. power programs are to be effective they wlli oil and gas resources. What has the mandate of "promoting have to directly attack the unemployment CXXII--550-Part 7 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 30, 1976 and. low-wage labor markets that accompany tles II and VI of the Comprehensive Employ­ norities forced the government to act. The the capitalist economy. ment and Training Act and is thought of as response was an assortment of manpower This paper reviews the roles played. by a temporary response to labor market prob­ programs which were supposed to assure the various federal manpower programs and. lems caused. by the recession. PSE deserves equal economic opportunities for the poor d.iscusses the causes of poverty under cap­ special attention because it goes beyond other and the disadvantaged. The programs, along italism. It concludes with some suggestions measures in one crucial respect--it recog­ with Medicaid, food stamps, and. other wel­ about the type of manpower policy necessary nizes that some manpower problems are sys­ fare measures, have contributed. to the de­ to combat the labor market problems faced. temic and not simply the result of ind.ividual fusing of unrest by furnishing high visibllity by the poor and. the unemployed.. deficiencies The official rationale behind. activity demonstrating the government's FEDERAL MANPOWER PROGRAMS PSE is that during a recession many work­ concern lfor poverty. Thousands of low-in­ ers are jobless through no fault of their own come individuals have obtained useful skills The proposed. manpower budget is di­ because of weakness in the economy. The vided. into six categories: labor market serv­ and work experience, but little headway has PSE program creates special jobs to give un­ been made toward the goal of eliminating ices (25%), rehab111tation ( 15%), on-the-job employed persons an opportunity to work. training (10%), institutional training poverty. Continuing non-success is assured. The job creation effort is small in compari­ because all of the manpower programs are ( 16 % ), work experience ( 13%), and. public son to unemployment, however, with only service employment (21 % ). Although all of aimed at helping the poor only while working 310,000 PSE jobs being created in 1975 at a within the capitalist system. Even PSE, these provide useful services to the poor, they time when unemployment exceeds eight mil­ do so without challenging the institutions of which recognizes some fa111ngs of the econ­ lion. Although much of the support for gov­ omy, is designed not to change the system capitalism and. therefore their potential !m­ ernment job creation has come from liberals pact is limited.. but to perform a stabilizing function bene­ in Congress who are no doubt concerned ficial to capitalism. Labor market services about the plight of the unemployed, the The only recent major modification in Labor market services include job place­ form and. size of the PSE program assure that the needs of the unemployed will receive only manpower policy has been a reorganization ment assistance, labor market information, under the Comprehensive Employment and and. equal employment opportunity. The goal token attention, while the primary function wlll be to stabilize the system. Training Act (CETA). CETA transfers ad­ of the information and. placement activities ministrative control of manpower programs is to make labor markets work more efficient­ The heavy unemployment that comes with a recession causes problems. For one thing, from the federal to the state and. local levels. ly by matching prospective employees with Although this move wlll potentially result in job vacancies. This service ben efits the un­ low-income areas are hit especially hard. by unemployment increasing the danger of riots manpower programs geared more effectively employed. by helping them locate jobs and. to the needs of the participants, it is more also ben efits employers by reducing recruit­ and other expressions of discontent from the poor. To handle this volatile situation the likely that the outcome will be programs ing and. hiring costs. Equal employment op­ more responsive to the requirements of local portunity measures are designed. to aid. the federal government needs to make some effort to assist the people who are suffering the labor markets. This reform is not likely to disadvantaged. by reducing employment dis­ make much difference for the poor.-There are crimination. most from the recession. But if the assistance is no-strings-attached. handouts of money a number of minor changes in manpower Manpower training or food, this undermines the incentive to programs that would be margh!ally useful, RehabiUtation, on-the-job training, and. look for jobs. In a capitalist economy mone­ but if the needs of the poor and unemployed institutional training can be grouped to­ tary work incentives are the basic motivation are to be effectively met a drastically differ­ gether since each is a type of manpower for workers to contribute to production. ent approach wm be necessary. training. The current manpower training When jobs are hard to find there is a danger CAUSES OF POVERTY programs have their roots in the anti-poverty that unemployed persons might become dis­ Mainstream economists typically cite fluc­ efforts of the 1960s, which were launched. in couraged and give up their search for work. tuations in the economy and low individual response to increasing black mmtance and. To soft en the impact of the recession with­ productivity as the primary causes of poverty demands for equal economic opportunitY. out undermining work incentives, the federal in the United States. Radical economists The philosophy behind. the "war on poverty" government has turned to PSE along with a contend. that the capitalist economy is re­ was that the disadvantaged. are unable to special extension of unemployment bene­ sponsible for poverty. compete effectively in labor markets because fits-Temporary Employment Assistance Business cycle fluctuations of educational and. sk111 deficiencies. The (TEA). TEA, which is included. under PSE goal of manpower training programs is to in the proposed. budget and accounts for 10% The amount of poverty expands during erase these deficiencies-i.e., to adapt work­ of manpower expenditures, extends unem­ down-swings and contracts during up-swings, ers to labor markets. Manpower training ployment benefits for 13 extra weeks and primarily because of cyclical variations in helps many individuals improve their earn­ unemployment. During peak business peri­ ing potential, but the programs reach only broadens eligibility for unemployment in­ surance. In order to receive benefits from the ods unemployment is low, while during a small fraction of the poor. Although the troughs of the business cycle unemployment official rationale for manpower training is combined PSE/TEA program the unemployed either have to work or at least actively look is high. Those on the margin of poverty are the anti-poverty impact, these programs also hit hardest by increases in unemployment, help employers by reducing training costs. for a job. The highly publicized periodic hiring for PSE jobs helps keep the unem­ and the resulting reduction in their income This is especially true of on-the-job train­ causes many families to fall into poverty. ing, which amounts to a direct government ployed hopeful of finding work and active in the labor force. The accepted remedy for the elimination subsidy to those employers who agree to hire of business cycle related poverty is con­ d.isad.vantaged. workers. Work incentive program tinuous economic growth. During the Work e:Dperience An important part of the manpower budget economic euphoria of the late 1960s con­ There are a variety of work experience pro­ is the Work Incentive Program (WIN), a tinuous growth seemed to many to be an grams, all originating in the 1960s. They special program for welfare recipients which attainable objective. To quote a leading create special jobs for disadvantaged. work­ requires employable persons on Aid to Fam- manpower expert writing in 1969: "The ers, particularly youth, older persons, and. 111es with Dependent Children to register quest for measures to expand the total sup­ residents of rural areas where there are few for training or employment. WIN accounts ply of economic opportunity can probably job opportunities. Some of the work expe­ for 7% of the proposed budget, with the be pronounced complete .... The prospects rience slots are designed. to lead. to perma­ expenditu res distributed among the various for the futu re are for general levels of unem­ nent employment, some are geared. to give categories discussed above. WIN is a reaction ployment fluctuating between 3.5 and 4.5 rt,- . useful experience that will help participants to the welfare explosion of the 1960s. The Given the knowledge and tools available, develop work habits necessary to maintain steady increase in welfare expenditures political pressures will not accept higher regular employment, and some simply supply throughout the decade made it possible for levels of u nemployment." The recent down­ work and income for persons with no other many poor persons to subsist without work­ turn has reaffirmed t h e inevitability of busi­ options. Probably most important are the ing. Policymakers perceived this as a chal­ ness cycles under capitalism, and has neces­ youth work experience programs which pro­ lenge to the work ethic and responded with sitated a rewrt to spe::ial policy tools such vide part-time jobs during the school year WIN to require that welfare recipients dem­ as PSE and TEA. ' so that young persons can afford. to stay in onstrate a willingness to work. This program Low individual productivity school and. full-time summer employment continues today in spite of evidence from . for youths from low-income areas. Summer income maintenance experiments conducted In discussion3 of poverty, attention gen- · youth employment was instituted in response by the Department of Health, Education and erally focuses on individual characteristics to the potentially explosive situation of high Welfare which demonstrate a strong work at­ of the poor. The human capital approach sees concentrations of unemployment among tachment among the poor, and in spite of a povert y as a result of low productivity. The ghetto youth in major cities. Department of Labor study which concludes low productivity of individuals may result that WIN is not cost effective. from lack of information, lack of training, Public service employment or lack of opportunity. The uniformed poor Public service employment (PSE) became Summary are those wh o are u nemployed or work at part of the federal manpower strategy with Today•s federal manpower policy is a leg­ low-wage jobs even though there are the enactment of the Emergency Employ­ acy of the 1960s. The civil rights movement vacancies in relatively high-wage positions ment Act 1n 1971. PSE continues under Tl- and rising mUltancy among the nation's mi- for which they are qualified.. The policy solu- March 30, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 870~ tions are the placement and information Current manpower policy attempts to staff of the Joint Economic Committee's Sub­ activities included in the manpower budget. countera.ct market imperfections. Through committee on Fiscal Polley would replace the Quantitatively more important is the low labor market services, manpower training welfa,.re system with a work program paying productivity resulting from inferior educa­ programs, and anti-discriminatory measures effective wage rates varying from the mlnl­ tion and low skill levels. The adopted cures the government wlll supposedly equalize op­ mum wage downward to 75% of the mini­ for this type of poverty, manifested in man­ portunities and poverty will be erased. Ap­ mum. power ~training programs, are more accessible pealing though this view may be, it is not a Minimum-wage jobs would furnish below education (especially vocational educa­ realistic one. As long as it remains devoted poverty-level incomes and thus would not tlo.n) and special training to improve sklll to capitalism there is little the government give much help to the unemployed. Higher levels. can do to eliminate poverty. Programs to wages such as those paid under the current Liberals recognize that institutions are a assist the poor within the framework of the PSE program where the average is $3.50 per partial cause of poverty. Discriminatory em­ economic system can have only limited short­ hour, would provide a· living income and ployment practices exclude women and run impact. An effective manpower policy would make the jobs an attractive employ­ minority group members from high wage would attack unemployment and low-wage ment option for the working poor. The better markets, flooding the markets where they are labor markets directly. the jobs, the greater the Impact on low­ wage labor markets. allowed to participate, thus forcing wages REDmECTING MANPOWER POLICY down. Further, discrimination results in un­ In this regard it is crucial that the jobs deremployment for many women and minor­ If the federal government were Interested to be performed be designed to provide use­ ities; they are hired for jobs where produc­ in adopting a manpower policy that would ful services to society, such as free child care tivity is low even though they are capable strike directly at the labor market problems and improved public transportation. If the of performing jobs with much higher pro­ of the poor and unemployed, it would shift public did not benefit directly, the crediblllty ductivity. The policy response to discrimina­ the emphasis of its programs from the supply of the program would be undermined and tion is the activity of the Department of side of labor Illairkets to the demand side. participants would be looked down upon by Labor to insure equal employment oppor­ The central goals of manpower policy would other workers. Because of the stigma that tunity. become the elimination of unemployment would be attached to the jobs, they would and the upgrading of low-wage labor mar­ If low productivity is accepted as the cause not be considered by workers as a viable alter­ of poverty, then the implicit solutions are kets. In short, the government would com­ native to employment in the private sector, improved sk111 levels for the poor, the elimi­ mit itself to guarantee every person the right and the secondary impact on low-wage labor nation of discrimination, and more smoothly to a decent job at reasonable pay. Attain­ markets would be minimal. functioning labor markets. Current man­ ment of a true full employment economy Congressman Augustus Hawkins' Equal Op­ could not be accomplished with traditional portunity and Full Employment Act, cur­ power policy is based on this low individual expansionary policies but would require a productivity explanation of poverty. rently before Congress, has the potential to massive job creation effort. guarantee every person the right to a decent Radical critique The idea of a federally funded guaranteed job. The blll's declaration of policy affirms Poverty is more appropriately viewed as job program (GJP) is not a new one. In this commitment: " ... All adult Americans a consequence of societal characteristics than 1966 the National Commission on Technol­ able and willing to work have the right to as the result of individual attitudes. Specifi­ ogy, Automation and Economic Progress, ap­ equal opportunities for useful paid employ­ cally, the operation of labor markets pro­ pointed to study the problems of structural ment at fair rates of compensation.... It is foundly affects the incidence of poverty. unemployment, recommended that the Fed­ the responsibility of 'the federal government Those with low-labor income (the unem­ eral government become an "employer of last to enforce this right." However, the param­ ployed and those who work at low-wage jobs) resort." In the wake of the Detroit and eters of the proposed GJP are not clearly are likely to be poor. Newark riots in 1967, Congressman James spelled out by the bill, so the nature of Because they have concentrated on the O'Hara and 76 co-signers introduced a mas­ the guarantee is unclear. Also, the bill faces effects of individual characteristics on em­ sive public employment bill in Congress. In stiff opposition if and when it reaches the ployabillty and productivity, policymakers 1972 the Department of Health, Education floor of Congress, and compromises whittling have ignored the effects of labor markets on and Welfare Task Force on Work in America away at its declared purpose are inevitable. labor force status. Individuals who reside in suggested that "sheltered workshops" be set Adoption of a GJP would involve a drama­ areas where the unemployment rate is un­ up for persons unable to find or hold regular tic break with past manpower policy because usually high are more likely to suffer loss employment. it would not serve the needs of capitalism. of labor income because of unemployment. A guaranteed job program would be an If there were a GJP, workers would be able to In markets where the structure of labor de­ appropriate response to the nation's man­ leave their jobs if they were dissatisfied be­ mand is shifting, workers whose skills are power problems. Most jobless workers are cause they would be assured of other work. no longer appropriate may become unem­ unemployed through no fault of their own. Also, employers who pay wages lower than ployed or be forced into low-skill, low-wage Unemployment is caused by a shortage of those paid for guaranteed jobs would have jobs. In areas where the economy is stagnat­ jobs, not by individual deficiencies of work­ trouble keeping workers unless they raised ing, or growing too slowly to accommodate ers. The most effective way to remedy the their pay. In short, a guaranteed job pro­ ·labor force increases, workers may be unable situation and make productive use of idle gram would help workers not even employed to find jobs or be forced to compete for low­ workers would be for the federal govern­ on the special work projects by forcing em­ wage jobs. To a great extent, then, the work­ ment to provide meaningful employment to ployers to increase wages and improve con­ er is at the mercy of the local labor market. any person willing to work. Ideally the jobs ditions. But, this would cut into profits and This situation persists throughout the busi­ would pay decent wages and provide oppor­ undoubtedly contribute to inflation, hurting ness cycle, although during recessions even tunities for training and upward mobility. businesses and causing problems for the more workers suffer from the vagaries of the In addition to providing jobs and income economy. The business community will vigor­ labor market. for the unemployed, a guaranteed job pro­ ously oppose a GJP; the agents of capital are Related to failures of local labor markets gram would set forces into motion that would willing to help the poor and unemployed, but Is the failure of some industries to pay a help all of the working poor. As the reserve not at the expense of profits. living wage. In 1973 approximately 20% of army of the unemployed was absorbed into newly created government employment, there In addition to political opposition because all families living in poverty were headed of the labor market impact, another serious by persons who worked 50-52 weeks at full­ would no longer be people left begging for jobs in the private sector. The reduction of problem which will be encountered is the time jobs. These "working poor" are typically cost of the GJP. The gross cost of the mini­ employed in non-unionized industries char­ labor supply in low-wage markets would set forces into motion driving wages up. Further­ mum-wage GJP drawn up by the Subcom­ acterized by low productivity, low profits, mittee on Fiscal Policy is estimated at $14 and fierce product market competition. The more, the bargaining power of workers in the private sector, especially those in low­ billion per year. A more generous GJP would inadeq,uate incomes of the working poor wage jobs, would be enhanced, and employ­ be much more expensive. A GJP paying an result not from personal deficiencies but ers would have to proVide wages and work­ average wage of $3.50 per hour would cost $40 from the economic system-competition is ing conditions comparable to those in guar­ to $50 billion in a non-recession year, and the free enterprise ideal, but highly com­ anteed jobs if they expected to keep their $65 to $85 billion in a recession year. Clearly petitive industries generally can afford to workers. the adoption of a GJP would involve a re­ pay only very low wages. , In order for a guaranteed job program to ordering of budgetary priorities unequaled in In a capitalist system, whether an individ­ have a positive Impact, it would have to avoid the history of the United States. ual has a job and what kind of job he or she potential pitfalls. If wages were low, working A progressive manpower policy would be has is determined primarily by the labor conditions were substandard, and the .jobs aimed at serving the needs of workers rather market. Labor markets cause unemployment provided were merely make-work, the benefits than the needs of the economic system. and low-wage jobs, and thus cause poverty. to participants and to the working poor Training opportunities would be available Individual characteristics, many of which would be minimal. It is easy to conceive of a for all workers desiring to improve their skills cannot be controlled by the individual (such poorly funded, conservatively administered or overcome work deficiencies. All unem­ as age, race, and sex) , only determine who "guaranteed job program'; that would In ployed workers would be aided in their search it is that wm suffer the poverty Imposed b:Y reality be nothing more than work relief. For for employment. At a minimum, existing the economic system. example, a recent proposal prepared by the manpower programs would be funded at their 8704 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 3'0, 1976 current levels. In addition, and most impor­ bring federal spending into balance with produced by massive government borrowing, tant, the government would provide mean­ federal revenues. are visible in the lack of private investment ingful job opportunities at decent wages to The growth of federal spending over the in recent years. This lack of investment and all unemployed and underemployed workers. history of the United States is a study in capital formation is seen in many ways: profligacy: in the first 111 years of our na­ For over a decade, the United Statea has tional existence, the federal government had the poorest record of investment as per­ spent $16.5 billion. In the next 40 years ( 1901- centage of real national output and real 1940) the government spent $149.5 billion. growth of all the major industrialized coun­ BALANCED BUDGET FOR FISCAL From 1941-1950, the federal government tries of the world. YEAR 1977 spent $535 billion. From 1951-60, $744 billion, Productivity gains in the United States and from 1961-70, $1.4 trillion. Since 1971, during the last seven years have been aver­ the federal government has spent over $2 aging only one-half of the gains in the pre­ trillion. Looked at in a different light, it took ceding two decades. HON. JOHN H. ROUSSELOT 181 years for the government to reach a $200 The United States ranks last among the OF CALIFORNIA billion budget ( 1971) , and for the coming industrialized nations in terms of produc­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fiscal year-only six short years later-we tivity growth. will likely double that amount by approving Since 1950, when per capita income in the Tuesday, March 30, 1976 an unprecedented budget of over $400 billion. United States was nearly double that of Mr. ROUSSELOT. Mr. Speaker, the These figures, however, only tell half of the Sweden and Switzerland, these countries House Budget Committee is now in the story. They don't reflect, for example, how have grown more rapidly than the United process of marking up the first con­ our nation's spending priorities have changed States, and have actually surpassed us in over the years. (As late as 1970 the federal per capita income. current resolution on the budget for fiscal government spent more for defense than it Again, this record is only part of the legacy year 1977. By law, the committee is to did for welfare, education and health pro­ that has been bequeathed to us by virtue be finished with markup by April 15 in grams. In 1977 it will spend over twice as of deficit spending. order for the full House to be able to much for these income transfer programs as Deficit spending, or fiscal stimulus, is consider and pass the budget resolution it will for the defense of the United States.) needed, we are told, to boon the recovery, by the middle of May. More importantly, it says nothing about the to insure that the recovery will not be tem­ amount of deficit financing that has been re­ porary, and to create jobs for the unem­ Two weeks ago I had the privilege of quired to support the U.S. budget over the ployed. Those who would have us accept this appearing before the Budget Committee years. Keynesian rhetoric, however, seem to be to present my well known views on the Sixteen of the last seventeen budgets ap­ blind to the fact that it's their own liberal importance of presenting a resolution to proved by Congress have been run in the spending policies that have served to create the full House that would have antici­ red. The 1976 estimated budget deficit will the very ills they seek. to cure. In speaking of pated revenues balanced with anticipated be close to $76 billion. With the deficit for the shift away from these traditional eco­ outlays-in other words a resolution FY 77 expected to be as high as $60 billion, nomic beliefs and cures to unemployment there is little relief in sight. and recession, a recent Business Week article calling for a balanced budget. entitled "Why Recovering Economies Don't On March 23, the committee released These deficits, of course, need to be financed and such financing tends to harm Create Enough New Jobs" points out: the "Chairman's Recommendations for the economy in a number of ways. Over the "In the Western world, something has the First Concurrent Resolution on the past ten years, the federal government will changed radically in political econotnies. Fiscal Year 1977 Budget." Predictably, have borrowed in the capital markets a total Economists and politicians now agree that the recommendations missed the bal­ of nearly one-third of a trillion dollars on a by themselves the traditional modes of stim­ anced budget mark by a healthy margin. net basis. The national debt is now growing ulating economies by government spending at a rate of more than $1 billion a week. or increasing the money supply will not end This year the margin was a hefty $49.8 high unemployment. These conventional po­ billion. While we can be glad for the fact During the last ten years, the interest on the debt has more than tripled to almost $38 licies, used to excess, will only create addi­ that the projected fiscal year 1977 deficit billion in the current fiscal year and will go tional inflation in economies that have suf­ is about $25 billion less than red-ink to $45 billion in FY 1977, (interest is now fered far too much inflation for years." totals for the last fiscal year; it is still a the third largest federal budget item, after The Economics Group of the Chase Man­ far cry from the fiscal sanity that this income maintenance and defense.) hattan Bank have also pointed up the need country is going to need for long-term Moreover, the deficits place the U.S. Treas­ for fiscal restraint if we are to hope for a ury in a position of competing with private sustained recovery and reduced unemploy­ economic stability. ment. In their bi-monthly "Business in In the interest of sharing my views on investors. The recent avalanche of Treasury securities has created distortions in the tra­ Brief" report they state: the feasibility of a "no-deficit budget" ditional patterns of fund's being raised by "Because inflation is a continuing dan-. for the coming fiscal year, I would like various sectors in the capital markets as well ger . . . fiscal policy must aim toward the to submit my comments made before the as in the sheer magnitude of the total funds progressive elimination of deficit spending as House Budget Committee on March 17, raised. (The attached addendum aptly il­ the econotnic recovery moves ahead." In reference to the predictable results of 1976, to be included at this point in the lustrates the growing problem that has exist­ excessive stimulus to the economy at this RECORD: ed in this area.) In my view, this has con­ point in time, Chase goes on to say: STATEMENT OF THE HONORABLE JOHN H. ROUS­ tributed in large measure to making our financial markets less efficient in recent years "There could be .no more certain way to SELOT BEFORE THE HOUSE COMMITTEE ON THE bring this promising recovery to a premature BUDGET ON THE FIRST BUDGET RESOLUTION in channeling the savings of society to genu­ ine investment opportunities. Predictably, demise. The resulting revival of ilnfiation FOR FISCAL YEAR 1977, MARCH 17, 1976 then, capital formation is impeded. would surely. force a cutback in real con­ Mr. Chairman and Members of the Com­ sumer spending, which by itself could bring mittee: Thank you for the opportunity to What further adds to the problem is that on another recession. And the need to fi­ appear before you today to discuss what I deficits accumulate over time. Total federal nance a perpetual big government deficits debt has increased from $329.5 billion at the would inevit;a;bly close the capital markets, consider to be the most urgent and pressing end of FY 1966, to an estimated $633.9 billion economic problem facing our nation today­ cutting off the rising flow of private invest­ at the end of fiscal year 1976-a rise of 92 ment on which the future economic health the level of federal deficit spending and its percent in only ten years time. Over the last effect on the economy. of the nation depends." 'ten years the average maturity of the debt Such a scenario must and can be avoided, In my opinion, and in the opinion of many has declined from 5 years and 3 months to 2 distinguished economists, federal deficit but only if Congress follows the path of years and 5 months. In simple terms, this sound economic reason and fiscal restraint. spending of the magnitude that we in Con­ means that the U.S. Treasury must be a more gress have permitted in recent years is the If we choose to stray from that path, and frequent visitor to the financial markets continue our profligate, spendthrift ways, we primary cause of the stagnation and general simply to finance outstanding securities let economic unrest that is burdening every will ultimately be faced with a day of alone raising funds for current deficits. It reckoning where our certain fate will not be citizen of our nation. The route of prolonged is sad to note that in this fiscal year (1976) defici-t spending is simple and tragic: deficit unlike that of New York City's. the U.S. Treasury will absorb over 70 percent As you will recall, I have sponsored con­ spending creates inflation; inflation leads to of all moneys in the securities market, while current resolutions which have been referred high interest rates, reduced housing and gen­ government at all levels will take over 80 to your committee-H. Con. Res. 254, 257, eral economic disruption, which ultimately percent. Needless to say, this percent must 260, and 261-which if adopted, would have results in unemployment and recession. Mr. be sbarply reduced as the economic advance balanced the budget for FY 1976. I have Chairman, the only permanent solution to continues or else the private sector will sim· also offered two Floor amendments, during avoiding a replay of this scenario and to re­ ply have to go without. consideration of the first and second budget storing long-term economic stability, is to The results of "crowding-out," which ls resolutions, which would have balanced March 30, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8705 budget revenues with outlays for FY 1976. 8146, to reform the Food Stamp Act of 1964 made by the United States shall not exceed In addition, I have sponsored or cosponsored by improving and making more realistic its revenues, except in time of war or national several alternative proposals that would various provisions relating to eligibility for emergency. bring meaningful economic reforms that are food stamps and administrative responsibil­ I strongly urge this Committee to join with pending before other COmmittees in the ity for the food stamp program. me in this effort to restore meaningful, long­ House. Before the Ways and Means Commit­ In addition, I have sponsored legislation, term stability to the Nation's economy by tee are: HR 10015, a bill to accelerate the H.J. Res. 23, which is pending before the recommending target figures in the First formation of the investment ca.pital re­ Judiciary Committee and it proposes a.n Budget Resolution which will bring the quired to expand both job opportunities and amendment to the Constitution of the United budget into balance and not add any new productivity in the private sector of the States relative to abolishing personal in­ deficits for Fiscal Year 1977. Additionally, I economy; HR 6290, a bill to increase the cor­ come, estate, and gift taxes and prohibiting hope you will join me in encouraging the porate surtax exemption; and HR 5133, a bill the United States Government from engaging other Committees to act favorably on the to improve and make more realistic various in business in competition with its citizens. measures described above. Such a commit­ provisions relating to eligibility for aid to Also pending before the Judiciary Commit­ ment would be of substantial assistance in families with dependent children and the tee are two Constitutional amendments­ bringing about the long-lasting economic administration of the AFDC program. Pend­ H.J. Res. 5 and H.J. Res. 357-which I have solutions that are necessary for stability. ing before the Agriculture Committee is HR cosponsored to provide that appropriations Thank you for your attention.

TABLE I.-NET FUNDS RAISED IN THE SECURITIES MARKETS BY MAJOR SECTOR [Fiscal years; billions of dollars)

Federal Govern- Federal Govern- and Corpora- Federal ment and Corpora- Federal ment spon- Total State tion and sector as sector as spon- Total State tion and sector as sector as u.s. sored Federal and foreign Total a percent percent u.s. sored Federal and foreign Total a percent percent Treasury 1 agencies 2 sector local a bonds' securities of total of total Treasury t agencies 2 sector local a bonds' securities of total of.total

1960 __ o. 8 1. 6 2.4 5. 7 4.9 13.0 18.6 62.4 1969 __ -1.9 5.8 3. 9 12.0 15.9 31.8 12.2 50.0 1961__ 2.0 -.2 1.8 4. 9 6. 3 13.0 14.0 51.8 1970 __ 6.8 8.2 15.0 9. 7 16.8 41.5 36.2 59.4 1962 __ 8.8 2. 2 10.9 6. 0 5. 7 22. 6 48.4 74.7 1971__ 20.5 2.8 23.3 15.0 27.5 65.8 35.3 58.2 1963 __ 6.4 1.0 7.4 5. 5 6. 2 19.2 38.7 67.5 1972 __ 19.6 8. 7 28.3 15.6 21.7 65.6 43.1 66.9 1964 __ 2. 7 1.5 4. 2 5. 2 6.4 15.8 26.5 59.6 1973 __ 18.5 14.4 32.9 12.6 15.4 60.9 53.9 74.7 1965 __ 3.1 2. 2 5. 3 6.9 7. 9 20.1 26.3 60.6 1974 __ 2.1 21.3 23.4 17.0 17.4 57.7 40.5 69.9 1966 __ -1.0 6. 8 5. 8 7. 3 10.9 24.0 24.1 54.5 1975 __ 51.9 15.8 67.7 16.8 33.5 117.9 57.4 71.6 1967- - -.6 2. 7 2.1 6.0 13.0 21.1 9.8 38.5 1976 __ e 87.5 14.3 101.8 14.0 25.1 140.9 72,2 82,2 1968 __ 18.2 5.6 23.8 7.2 16.4 47.4 50.3 65.5

I Net increase in marketable and nonmarketable bills, notes and bonds (Includes Federal 5 Includes State and local as part of government sector. Financing Bank.) • Estimate. 2 Increase in bills, notes and bonds of budget and sponsored agencies. Includes GNMA pass- throughs. Source: Fiscal years 196Q-75 data based on Federal Reserve flow-of funds accounts (which show 3 Increase in notes, bonds and Government loans. net changes in outstandings). 4 Increase in bonds and notes with nriginal maturities of more than 1 yr.

TABLE 2.-TOTAL GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES [Dollar amounts in billion)

Percent of GNP Percent of GNP Calen- Calen- dar State and Grants State and dar State and Grants State and year Federal local in aid Total GNP Federal local Total year Federal local in aid Total GNP Federal local Total

1948 __ $34.9 $17.6 $2.0 . $50.5 $259. 1 12.7 6. 8 19.5 1962 __ 110.4 58.0 8.0 160.5 563.8 18.2 10.3 28.5 1949 __ 41.3 20.2 2. 2 59.3 258.0 15.2 7.8 23.0 1963 __ 114.2 62.8 9.1 167.8 594.7 17.7 10.6 28.2 1950 __ 40.8 22.5 2. 3 61.0 286.2 13.4 7.9 21.3 1964 __ 118.2 68.5 10.4 176. 3 635.7 16.9 10.8 27.7 1951__ 57.8 23.9 2. 5 79.2 330.2 16.7 7.2 24.0 1965 __ 123.8 75.1 11.1 187.8 688.1 16.4 10.9 27.3 1952 __ 71.1 25.5 2.6 93.9 347.2 19.7 7.3 27.0 1966 __ 143.6 84.3 14.4 213.6 753.0 17.2 11.2 28.4 1953 __ 77.1 27.3 2. 8 101.6 366.1 20.3 7. 5 27.7 1967-- 163.7 94.7 15. 9 242.4 796.3 18. 6 11.9 30.4 1954 __ 69.8 30.2 2. 9 97.0 366.3 18.2 8. 2 26.5 1968 __ 180.6 106.9 18.6 268.9 868.5 18.7 12.3 31.0 1955 __ 68.1 32.9 3.1 98.0 399.3 16.3 8.2 24.5 1969 __ 188.4 117.6 20.3 285.6 935.5 18.0 12.6 30.5 1956 __ 71.9 35.9 3. 3 104.5 420.7 16.3 8. 5 24.8 1970 __ 204.2 132.2 24.4 311.9 982.4 18. 3 13.5 31.8 1957-- 79.6 39.8 4.2 115.3 442.8 17.0 9.0 26.0 1971__ 220.6 148.9 29.0 340.5 1. 063.4 18.0 14.0 32.0 1958 __ 88.9 44.3 5.6 127.6 448.9 18.6 9.9 28.4 1972 __ 244.7 163.7 37.5 370.9 1, 171.1 17.7 14.0 31.7 1959 __ 91.0 46.9 6.8 131.0 486.5 17.3 9.6 26.9 1973 __ 264.8 180.9 40.6 405. 1 1, 306.3 17.2 13.8 31.0 1960 __ 93.1 49.8 6. 5 136.4 506.0 17.1 9. 8 27.0 1974 __ 300.1 201.3 43.9 457.5 1. 406.9 18.2 14.3 32.5 1961__ 101.9 54.4 7. 2 149.1 523.3 18.1 10.4 28.5 1975_- 356.9 222.4 54.2 525.1 1, 499.0 20.2 14.8 35.0

Note: Federal irants-in-aid to State and local iOvernments are reflected in Federal and State and local expenditures. Total iOVernment expenditures have been adjusted to eliminate th1s duplication. The ratio of Federal expenditures to GNP excludes erants-in-aid.

CANDLELIGHT BALL gram is a service for the aged and chron­ services, it can make an intermediate re­ ically ill. Adults of any age who are un­ ferral to a nursing home unnecessary. able to shop or prepare meals for them­ An average of 40 clients are served HON. MARTIN A. RUSSO selves and have no one to do it for them each day and 60 volunteers give gener­ OF ILLINOIS on a regular basis can apply to use the ously of their time and energy to sustain IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES service. the program. Each day-rain or shine­ Sadly, this fine program operates at a they deliver to the homes of participants Tuesday, March 30, 1976 substantial loss, but with help, Holy one hot meal and one cold meal, pre­ Mr. RUSSO. Mr. Speaker, on April 3 Cross Hospital continues to carry on and pared and packaged by the food service an event of great importance will be held hopefully expand its vital work. Clearly department according to physicians' in Hickory Hills, Dl.-the Candlelight this program is vital, for participants are orders. Ball, sponsored by the Holy Cross Hos­ nourished not only physically by the Holy Cross Hospital began their home pital of Chicago and the Candlelight Ball meals, but spiritually as well. Someone is delivered meals program in the fall of Guild. saying, "We care about you" in a most 1967, the first Chicago hospital to enter Though the ball promises to be an en­ meaningful and effective fashion. into this service program and now it is tertaining and festive evening, the true The program enables a person to live one of the keystones of the hospital's significance of the occasion is the fund­ as independently as possible for the long­ community service structure. raising aspect of this widely popular est practicable period; patients can be I commend Holy Cross for the success­ event. Proceeds from the Candlelight discharged from the hospital directly to ful operation of such a fine program and Ball go to the home delivered meals pro­ their homes earlier than would otherwise for their selfless efforts in behalf of the gram at Holy Cross Hospital. This pro- be possible. Combined with home care community. 8706 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 30, 1976 THE BffiMINGHAM FESTIVAL OF sculpture, contemporary Greek-Ameri­ The publication differs from other aca­ ARTS can artists and American folk art. demic journals in several respects. Fore­ During his visit to Birmingham, the most is the desire of its distinguished Ambassador attended services at the founders to not limit the journal to the HON. JOHN BUCHANAN beautiful Holy Trinity-Holy Cross Greek academic community, but rather to pub­ OF ALABAMA Orthodox Church and he was present lish articles resulting from the pursuit of •IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES at the book and author luncheon, rec­ knowledge both within and without the Tuesday, March 30, 1976 ognizing many of literature's greatest academic community. contributors. Secondly, San. Jose Studies is not Mr. BUCHANAN. Mr. Speaker, the Bir­ Ambassador Alexandrakis was honored limited to any one discipline. The effort mingham Festival of Arts is an annual at a reception and dinner, at which the has been to take advantage of and com­ event in the city I am privileged to rep­ festival's unique Arts Hall of Fame municate the broad range of interests resent. Few festivals in the world can presentations were made to men and and intellectual pursuits which abound boast the civic participation and non­ women who have made significant con­ in the surrounding community. Past is­ profit motivation which have nurtu:ed tributions to arts, music and letters. sues have included articles in the broad the Birmingham Festival of Arts durmg Events of the 10-day festival of arts areas of the arts, humanities, sciences its 26-year history. included a symposium on the question and social sciences. Among the San Jose This communitywide involvement and of whether the United States should have Studies articles of particular interest are unity of spirit have earned the festival a national theater. the November 1975 "Steinbeck Special recognition on an international scale. The international fair, open dally, Issue,'' an article by Doctors Christensen This year, the festival was listed on a recreated an authentic miniature Greek and Boneparth in the May 1975 issue re­ number of "things to see and do" calen- village, offering entertainment, food, and garding revenue sharing in Santa Clara dar.s across the country. . wares from many countries. County, Dr. Sybil Weir's article on femi­ I would like to praise the efforts thiS Special concerts, sidewalk activities in nism in the 1890's in the February 1975 year of Mrs. Gregory Despinakis, the Birmingham's rejuvenated downtown issue and an article regarding campaign 1976 chairman, and W. L. (Jack) Hurley, areas, studio tours, connoisseur concerts financing by Dr. Roy Young in the Feb­ president of the executive committee.~~· featw·ing local artists and special school ruary 1976 issue. Hurley headed a group of volunteer Citi­ pageants and studies were part of the The idea of San Jose Studies was con­ zens responsible for the suc~ess of ~he festival salute to America and Greece. ceived by a group of distinguished festival including Peter Sm1t~, sem~r The festival this year was a great scholars at San Jose State University. vice president; Mrs. Van Scott, viCe presi­ success, attracting thousands from all Their dedicated efforts led to the publi­ dent and cochairman; Mrs. Harold walks of life to participate in one or cation of the first issue of San Jose Apolinsky, executive secretary; .Mack more of its events. Tbis success reminds Studies in February 1975, and I feel are Lofton, treasurer, and Hubert GriSsom, me of its beginning in 1951 when the worthy of note by the House of Repre­ parliamentarian. . Women's Committee of the Birmingham sentatives. Mrs. Despinakis, in announcmg the Symphony Orchestra organized a modest While the efforts of many individuals theme of this year's fes~ival, which ~as "Festival of Music." Visual arts were have made San Jose Studies an out­ a salute to the Bicentenrual of the Umted added the following year, and in 1953 the standing journal, certainly special note states of America and the arts of Greece, Birmingham Festival Association was must be given to its editor, Dr. Arlene defined the goal of the festival in a founded. In 2 years, the festival had Okerlund. Her dedicated contributions of beautiful way. I quote her: become a major annual event with more time, effort and talent are indeed a cor­ As has been its goal since its beginning, than 60 organizations helping to raise nerstone of the success of San Jose the Festival o! Arts, through appreciation, funds, to present musical and theatrical Studies. communication and association, seeks to performances and to create events rang­ Mr. Speaker, I am sure that you and further the arts among all people. The Festival holds this concept to be true: ing from church pilgrimages to artists' my other colleagues on both sides of the All men are endowed by their creator with studio tours. aisle will join me today in commending certain gifts and talents, the sharing of which Through the 1960's, enthusiasm for the all those whose hard work, dedication transcends all barriers of language, custom festival grew, promoting more and more and true desire to enrich the intellectual and national origin. community arts and crafts. The inter­ community has made San Jose Studies She noted, also, that it is entirely fit­ national fair was added. the outstanding journal that it is. ting and appropriate that we pay tribute The impact of Birmingham's apprecia­ tion for the arts was a major factor in to the Greek Nation, to "the glory that the city's selection as an All-America was G:t;eece,'' to the people whose ances­ City in 1971. HOUSE RESOLUTION 875, PROVID­ tors gave freedom and liberty to .the When the festival took as its theme ING BROADCAST COVERAGE OP human spirit and who led the ancient the "salute to the arts of another coun­ THE HOUSE world in the championship of individual­ try,'' it achieved international recogni­ ism and independence of mind as we tion. The true meaning of the festival proudly pay tribute to the birth of our is recognition of man's achievements HON. WILLIAMS. COHEN own great American Nation whose throughout the world. As the world's OF MAINE founders pledged ''their lives, their for­ oldest continuing arts event of its kind, IN THE.HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tunes and their sacred honor" that men the Birmingham festival continues to Tuesday. March 30. 1976 should be free, that they should govern advance the culture of man. themselves, and that they should deter­ Mr. COHEN. Mr. Speaker, those of us mine their destiny by the "consensus of who would like to see the processes of the governed." Government fully opened up to the The Ambassador of Greece to the SAN JOSE STUDIES American public suffered a serious set­ United States, Menelas Alexandrakis, back last week when the House Rules and Mrs. Alexandrakis, opened the festi­ Committee killed a resolution that would val on March 19 and it continued through HON. NORMAN Y. MINETA have permitted radio and television cov• yesterday, March 28, with servic~s at a OF pALIFORNIA erage of House debates. number of Birmingham churches, mclud­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES This legislation, of which I was a co ing the one at Highlands United Method­ sponsor, would have opened the House ist Church in which I had the pleasure of Tuesday, March 30, 1976 galleries to radio microphones and tele­ participating. Mr. MINETA. Mr. Speaker, I am proud vision cam~ras with the start of the next The Ambassador, during Ambassador's today to recommend to my colleagues Congress in January 1977. The bill had Weekend, attended the International here in the House of Representatives an been prepared by a nonpartisan Ad Hoc Fair; a concert in Birmingham's new outstanding journal that is published at Subcommittee on Broadcasting. Its goal, Civic Center Concert Hall; a visual arts san Jose State University: San Jose simply stated, was to bring the House of exhibit opening featuring ancient Greek Studies. Representatives into the 20th century. March 30, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 87:07 Radio and television are a major part of the Ad Hoc Subcommittee on Broadcasting, on government and politics than on any it has been my distinct privilege to serve other medium. And yet the American people American life, and, as such, they should under the outstanding leadership of our continue to get second-hand accounts of be allowed into the House and Senate chairman, Bernie Sisk, and with the other what we do in the Congress through TV cor­ Chambers. four distinguished members of our subcom­ respondents posed in front of the Capitol. I believe that broadcasts of important mittee--Claude Pepper, Morgan Murphy, Is it any wonder that t he same survey re­ debates and votes in the House would Andy Young and Del Clawson. I think it is vealed that only 46 % of the American people give the American people a much clearer fair to characterize our subcommittee's can identify their own congressman? And understanding of how the House of Rep­ working relationship as being truly nonpar­ while 62% correctly stated that the Con­ resentatives works. True, such coverage tisan. Most of the decisions we made were gress is made up of the House and Senate, unanimous. I think we all felt that we were 6 % expressed the view that Congress was just could expose some of the undesirable dealing here with a subject which transcends the House, 4 % just the Senate; and an things that occur, and this might prove party lines, for what is involved here is how amazingly high 20% thought it consisted of an embarrassment to some Congressmen. we can further improve the institution of t he House, Senate and Supreme Court. An­ But that is not a good enough reason to the House of Representatives and bring it other 8 % simply had no idea about the make­ deny the public full coverage of activities even closer to the people we represent. And up of Congress. of their elected representatives. I think we all feel, regardless of party, this Mr. Chairman, if we were so willing to The House of Representatives has al­ fierce sense of institutional pride and there­ permit the broadcast coverage of the expected ways prided itself on being "the People's fore the need to indeed make this the peo­ impeachment debates on the House floor­ ple's House. I can only hope that this non­ probably one of the most difficult challenges House." It was in this spirit of openness partisan spirit and institutional concern to ever confront this body as an institution and accountability that the House in will envelope the full Committee as we con­ and each of us as individual members--why 1970 voted to allow broadcast coverage sider this most important proposal to broad­ would we now shrink from permitting the of House committee hearings. I believe cast our floor proceedings. American people to view our more routine that television coverage of the Judiciary Mr. Chairman, I think t he bipartisan sup­ proceedings? Committee's 1974 impeachment inquiry port for House broadcasting is furt her evi­ I am well familiar with the arguments denced in the fact that over one-third of which have been made t hat broadcast cover­ helped the Nation through an extremely age of our debates will somehow be distorted sensitive and volatile episode. Broad­ the House membership--146 Members--has sponsored broadcast resolutions in this Con­ when it is aired, and moreover, that the pres­ casts of the committee's deliberations gress, including 83 Democrats and 63 Repub­ ence of cameras will even distort the legisla­ helped the public clearly identify the is­ licans. For your information, I have ap­ tive process by encouraging erratic behavior sues involved, and permitted the people pended a full list of sponsors to my state­ and grandstanding. With respect to the te become active participants in an im­ ment. The step we are being asked to take former, I guess we have to take our chances portant moment in the Nation's history. here today is a logical extension of what we that the media will present balanced cover­ I think it is significant that the public did in the Legislative Reorganization Act of age, just as we now trust newspaper reporters 1970 when we permitted the broadcast cov­ assigned to our galleries to write balanced approval rating of the House increased accounts of our debates. This is something substantially as a direct result of those erage of our House committee hearings. It should be noted here that on July 22, 1974, we cannot and should not control given the televised hearings. While it cannot be in­ we further amended clause 3 of Rule XI to free press protections of the First Amend­ ferred from that that the same will hap­ permit broadcast coverage of committee ment. I think it should be pointed out, how­ pen if we permit the televising of :floor meetings as well as hearings. That was done, ever, that broadcasters are under a legal obli­ debates, I do think the experience to date as you recall, to perm! t the televising of the gation, with the so-called "fairness doc­ has demonstrated the benefits of in­ Judiciary Committee's impeachment deliber­ trine," to offer a balanced presentation of ations. I think it is significant that the pub­ viewpoints in their news, documentary and creased public understanding of congres­ public affairs programming, a requirement sional operations. lic approval rating of the House shot up sub­ stantially as a direct result of those televised not imposed on newspaper reporters. This For this reason, I feel the Rules Com­ meetings. While it cannot be inferred from section 315 requirement of the Communica­ mittee action is extremely ill-advised. that that the same will happen if we permit tions Act of 1934 should help to insure that The House leadership, in encouraging de­ the televising of our floor debates, I do think our debates will indeed be present ed over the feat of the broadcast bill in committee, our limited experience with broadcasting in airwaves in the most balanced fashion pos­ has only confirmed the worst suspicions the House has proven its beneficial impact sible. of many Americans who have concluded in increasing public understanding of our With respect to the argument that the pres­ role and operations. ence of cameras will encourage demagogu­ that Congress is little more than a pri­ ing and grandstanding, a survey by our Sub­ vate club for self-seeking politicians. Before I completely leave the subject of committee of the 44 State legislatures and 84 Congress has lost an excellent oppor­ our broad-cast experience in the last Con­ chambers which now permit at least partial tunity to establish a better relationship gress-what has been referred to by some as broadcast coverage of floor debates reveals the Watergate Congress--! think I should that this does not occur after the initial with the American people. I only hope also remind you that on August 6, 1974, this that this worthwhile legislation can be novelty wears off . Members who do step out Committee took an historic step in adopting of line to "play to the cameras" soon retreat revived at a later date. H. Res. 802 which would have permitted the under peer and constituent pressure. More­ Mr. Speaker, my good friend and dis­ live broadcasting of the House floor debate over, under our proposal for gavel-to-gavel tinguished colleague from IDinois, Mr. on impeachment. The following day, Au­ coverage under normal lighting conditions ANDERSON, served as the ranking minority gust 7, 1974, the House adopted that resolu­ by four lnobtrusive cameras in the House member on the Ad Hoc Subcommittee on tion by an overwhelming vote of 385 to 25. galleries, Members would not be that aware Mr. Chairman, I think it's most appropriate of the presence of cameras, nor would they Broadcasting and remains one of the to quote here from the most persuasive argu­ strongest and most eloquent proponents know which camera was in use at a particular ment which you made during debate on that time or which portion of the debate might of House Resolution 875. So that each of resolution. I quote: actually be broadcast. my colleagues might have the full benefit "Broadcasting of the House of Representa­ According to a report in 1974 by the Twen­ of Congressman ANDERSON's thinking on tives impeachment proceedings will present tieth Century Fund's Task Force on "Broad­ this critically important issue, I am in­ to the American people the factual charges casting and the Legislature," serting in the RECORD his recent state­ and arguments in a more complete and total­ . . . the experience of states and foreign ment before the Rules Committee. In ad­ ly different perspective than from the printed countries tend to prove that, far from mak­ dition, I am inserting an article on media. Broadcasting and photography Will ing actors or demagogues of members, the complement the coverage by the printed presence of television improves the conduct broadcast coverage that Mr. ANDERSON media. The electronic media are part of to­ of debate and increases the efficiency of the authored for the Washington Post as day's life. It must be allowed to broadcast in legislative session. well as an accompanying editorial. its entirety the most important issue of our If our own broadcast experience at all fol­ I strongly urge each of my colleagues time.... " lows that of other countries and states by im­ to take a few minutes and review the case Mr. Chalrma.n, I think those words speak proving rather than distoring our debates, we for broadcast coverage of House proceed­ just as eloquently for the proposition before should welcome this reform. ings as forcefully and effectively made by us today in H. Res. 875, and that is to permit Mr. Chairman, I've probably already spoken Congressman ANDERSON: the broadcast coverage of all House floor long enough on the case for broadcasting, but debates. The American people indeed deserve I think it is important to make that case STATEMENT OF CONGRESSMAN JOHN B. ANDER• the more complete perspective on our pro­ before this Committee because I know there SON ON HOUSE RESOLUTION 875, PROVIDING ceedings which the electronLc media can is some understandable doubt and apprehen­ BROADCAST COVERAGE OF THE HOUSE BEFORE provide. The electronic media indeed are part sion about taking this step. THE HOUSE COMMITTEE ON RULES WEDNES• of today's life : according to a Harris survey My chairman has already explained the DAY_, MARCH 24, 1976 commissioned by a committee of the other approach the Subcommittee thinks should Mr. Chairman and Members of this Com­ body in 1973, more Americans rely on tele­ be taken to provide broadcast coverage of our mittee: As the ranking minority member on vision as the principal source of information floor proceedings, and I don't want to take 8708 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 30, 1976 your further time by repeating the specifics islation after all the delay that has taken ing of its sessions and preferring to let news­ of that approach. But I would want to em­ place since the matter was first reported. paper reporters and network correspondents phasize that our chairman and Subcommit­ "This is a matter of the public's business. tell the American people what they think the tee have been more than patient and more It should be decided in public by the publlc's Congress is about and doing. It's little won­ than conciliatory in meeting the objections representatives. The Congress does not belong der that many Americans don't even know to the resolution as originally reported--ob­ to the members. The Congress belongs to the who their congressmen are, what the Con­ jections raised by the majority leadership. people, and I think the people have a right gress does, or even that it's a bicameral legis­ We have rewritten this resolution to conform to see what we want to do about making our lature. totally with the wishes of the majority lead­ committee structure work more effectively." Since most Americans today rely on tele­ ership. This is thus more than a compro­ Mr. Chairman, I think these same words vision as their principal source of news and mise-it is a complete capitulation, but one and logic apply with equal force to H. Res. !~ormation, this self-imposed under-expos­ which our Subcommittee was willing to 875, the House broadcast resolution. This is ure has bred ignorance and even contempt make for the sake of arriving at an accept­ not a time for obstructionist or delaying tac­ for Congress. able resolution. We clearly recognized that tics; the only question is whether the House All that is not to say that media exposure 1f the majority leadership couldn't live with should be allowed to make up its own mind. will bring us instant popularity, acclaim and this proposal, then the chances were that This is a matter of the public's business to be adoration. Ultimately, the public perception the House might not even get a chance to decided in public by the public's representa­ will be as good or as bad a.s our performance vote on it. We are now firmly committed to tives. The Congress does belong to the people merits, and will not hinge solely on our visi­ the agreement reached with the leadership as and the people do have a right to see what bility. Sunshine alone does not produce a reflected in the substitute before you and we their Congress is doing. I think this commit­ beautiful flower garden; we'll still have to inten~ to give it our strong support on the tee should very seriously consider the poli­ tend to careful cultivation and watering. But House floor. I do not think the changes made tical consequences of denying the people and broadcasting may well force us to perform do violence to our original concept which their representatives this historic opportu­ better legislatively-to "clear up our act" and is stlll preserved in this resolution. That nity. As the gentleman from Missouri said go about the people's business in the way concept is that our proceedings should be with respect to his own resolution in the last they expect of us. covered gavel-to-gavel for public use and not Congress, it would be a "catastrophic mistake The prospect of demagoguing and postur­ for our personal use as another propaganda if a key leadership committee of the Demo­ ing for the cameras is one of the most fre­ or campaign tool. Broadcasters should be per­ cratic leadership in the Democratic Congress quently mentioned objections to House mitted to freely use whatever portions of de­ were to take the responsibility for bottling broadcasting. It is argued that the presence bate they desire to present to the American up this piece of legislation." · of cameras will encourage some members to people, and this should in no way be con­ "play to the folks back home" through the trolled, censored or Umited by us. The Amer­ PuTTING THE HousE ON TV cameras, rather than to engage in serious ican people should have access to the un­ (By JOHN B. ANDERSON) debate over the legislation at hand. This m edited recordings of our proceedings in public turn, it is argued, will greatly distort, if not viewing rooms here on the Hill and through The House of Representatives will soon destroy, the legislative process. loans to Ubraries and educational institu­ decide whether to open its chamber to the The Ad Hoc Broadcast Subcommittee on tions. The Congress should maintain close electronic media so that the American people which I serve, has found that this has' not oversight of the operation of the system can keep a closer eye on their House. This occurred in the 44 state legislatures that now through periodically renewable contracts, the marriage of democracy and technology would permit at least partial broadcast coverage o! Broadcast Advisory Board, and periodic re­ seem to be a perfect bicentennial match. Yet their floor proceedings. While there was an views by the Commi·ttee on Rules. If it should the vows are not likely to be solemnized initial tendency on the part of some mem­ be concluded that broadcast coverage is ad­ without objections from some. There is un­ bers to grandstand for the cameras, peer and versely affecting this institution, we can ter­ derstandable apprehension that the marriage public pressures _plus eventual acclimation minate that coverage. might not take and could lead to another to the presence of cameras soon eliminated In conclusion, Mr. Chairman, I urge this broken House. Despite a Roper poll finding that 68 per cent of the American people favor these isolated incidents, and debates soon re­ Committee to proceed to markup the bill turned t~ normal. The public is quick to per­ and report it to the House under an open broadcasting congressional floor debates, and ceive Which members are simply playing to rule so that the House can work its will on despite the sponsorship of broadcast resolu­ the cameras and which are intent on the leg­ this important proposal. I understand that tions by over one-third of the House mem­ islative business at hand. bership, the final vote on the pending broad­ an attemp will be made to defeat or defer According to a 1974 report of the Twen­ this resolution on the grounds that the tim­ cast resolution is by no means a foregone tieth Century Fund Task Force on Broad­ ing is somehow wrong-that it is already too conclusion. Exaggerated claims and counter claims will casting the Legislature, " ... the experiences late in the session to begin broadcasting and of states and foreign countries tend to prove tha.t this matter should be left to the next continue to be made about the impact of broadcasting on the House and on public that, far from making actors or demagogues Congress to decide. I am reminded of a of members, the presence of television im­ similar situation which arose much later in opinion. I suspect the actual impact will fall somewhere between the claims of those who proves the conduct of debate and increases the second session of the 93rd Congress when the efficiency of the legislative session." this Committee considered H. Res. 988, the view it as a panacea for our sagging prestige and those who think it will destroy the legis­ The broadcast proposal developed by our Bolling-Martin Committee Reform Amend­ subcommittee should further allay concerns ments of 1974. Those changes in our House lative process. The public's performance rating of the that such coverage wm distort the process rules and committee jurisdictions were not and encourage erratic behavior. Under this to take effect until the 94th Congress. The Congress did receive a temporary boost with proposal, House floor proceedings would be Chairman of the Select Committee on Com­ the televising of the House Judiciary Com­ covered gavel-to-gavel, under normal lighting mittees, Mr. Bolling, made the following elo­ mittee's Impeachment deliberations in 1974. conditions, by four inobtruslve cameras 1n quent plea before this Committee on Septem­ Many members of Congress received letters the House galleries. Members would have no ber 12, 1974: from constituents who expressed both sur­ idea as to which camera was in use at a given "It is argued that this matter should be prise and pride in the caliber of committee time or which portions of the debate might deferred until later. It is argued on a great members and their performances. It Is per­ actually be used for broadcast purposes. many grounds .... I now think it is time for haps ironic that the House came closest in Under the broadcast subcommittee's pro­ the House of Representatives to have an op­ recent years to opening its chamber to the posal, the coverage o! House floor proceedings portunity to make up its mind. You all know television cameras when It voted to permit broadcasting of the expected impeachment would be provided by a network pool which that I have served on this committee for a would make live feeds available to other very long time and I have spent a good deal proceedings--the most difficult challenge any broadcast stations desiring 1t. The House of my time on this committee breaking up member would probably have to face in his would receive a live feed from the pool for the obstructionist tactics of my former chair­ en~J.re career. archival purposes, and also for public viewing man, Mr. Howard Smith, on all kinds of legis­ Stung by Vietnam and Watergate, the Con­ and loan to libraaies and educational institu­ lation. This, in my judgment, is not the time gress ha.a been struggling over the past few tions. The subcommittee concluded that this for obstructionist and delaying tactics to be years to . regain a more equal footing with pool a.rTangement would insure the highest allowed to prevail. the executive branch and recapture some of possible technical competence and quality, "The only issue before us, I believe, is the its lost powers and prestige. The growth of and also avoid any hint of the congressional question of whether or not this committee the "imperial presidency" has been attrib­ control or censorship which might be in­ uted in part to the ability of Presidents to volved with a House-owned and operated and its members desire to allow the House take their case directly to the American peo­ of Representatives to deal with this matter broadcast system. Moreover, the subcommit­ ple via prime time network television. A re­ tee found that the private pool arrangement in an orderly fashion. I think it is a major cent survey by the Congressional Research political issue. I think It wlll be a major issue will be less expensive for the taxpayers than Service reveals that between January 1966 would a House-operated broadcast system. in the campaign . . . and I think it would be and December 1975, all three networks The Speaker of the House would continue a catastrophic mistake if a key leadership granted 45 to 46 presidential requests for to retain his traditional control over the committee of the Democratic leadership in prime air time. Chamber o! the House and, therefore, would the Democratic Congress were to take the re­ And yet the Congress continues to live in be given the primary responsibillty for im­ sponsibiUty for bottling up this piece of leg- the nineteenth century, barring broadcast- plementing the new broadcast system and March 30, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8709 overseeing its operation. He would be assisted coverage of floor sessions, which would prob­ NOT ALL THE ENGLISH LIKE THE in this task by a bipartisan Broadcast Ad­ ably be provided by a. network pool. A full CONCORDE visory Board consisting of the majority and record of the proceedings would be main­ minority leaders, and four other members tained for archival purposes. The nation's appointed by the Speaker. But neither the commercial and educational networks and Speaker nor the board could shut down the stations would be free to broadcast important HON. LESTER L. WOLFF cameras at will, any more than they can sessions in full, or to use excerpts of the OF NEW YORK now tell newspaper reporters what to write coverage in news, public affairs and educa­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and not to write about the House. Broadcast­ tional programs. The greatest benefit of such ing could be terminated only by a resolution a s:;stem is that it would establish broad­ Tuesday, March 30, 1976 of the House or if the House goes into secret casting as an institutional service of the Mr. session, in which case all the galleries are House, without imposing political control WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, in the past cleared. The pool arrangement thus insures over the content of the resulting television year, I have received a surprising num­ that broadcast networks a.nd stations can use and radio reports. ber of letters from individual British whatever portions of House debates they Despite the many merits of the plan, some citizens who have heard or read of my wish, either live or recorded for news, docu­ powerful resistance apparently remains. Ef­ activities in opposition to the Concorde mentary or public affairs programs. The sub­ forts may be made to delay a Rules Commit­ SST. These writers have nearly all ex­ committee's proposal would bar the use of tee vote and keep the question from reach­ pressed a common theme: in the land floor coverage for political campaign or com­ ing the House floor. Those efforts should be mercial purposes. resisted. By keeping the cameras out, the of Magna Carta, they are powerless Some have expressed fears that broadcast­ House is doing a disservice to itself, and feed­ against their own government's deter­ ers may choose to only broadcast one side ing the public suspicion that some of its ways mination to produce Concorde regardless of a debate. It is doubtful that this would of doing business cannot stand up under of the cost to the British taxpayer, or to happen for two reasons. First, the pool con­ public scrutiny. the British environment. tract would be up for renewal every year and failure to present a balanced view of the Just this week I received one of the House could jeopardize the future of House most eloquent letters yet from England, broadcasting. Second, broadcasters are obli­ this one written by Mr. David Tolley, of gated by law, under the so-called "fairness H.R. 9632 Warwick, near Coventry in north-central doctrine," "to afford reasonable opportunity Britain. for the discussion of conflicting views on In his very kind letter, Mr. Tolley pro­ issues of public importance." This doctrine, HON. JOSEPH G. MINISH vides affirmation of what I would suggest unlike the so-called "equal time" require­ OF NEW JERSEY ment for political candidates, does apply to is the true meaning of the Bicentennial news and documentary programs. Thus IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES spirit when he says that American en­ broadcasters are already under a legal obliga­ Tuesday, March 30, 1976 vironmentalists-from Teddy Roosevelt tion to insure that their presentation of con­ to the present day-provide inspiration gressional debates would be balanced. Mr. MINISH. Mr. Speaker, social se­ and support to their British brethren. The poet Robert Burns once wrote: "0 curity benefits never were intended to In addition to copies of two letters wad some Pow'r the giftie gie us, To see our­ constitute the exclusive source of retire­ from Mr. Tolley, I include for the RECORD sels as others see us! It wad frae mony a ment income for American senior citi­ today's Washington Post story noting blunder free us, And foolish notion." zens. Nevertheless, under the present law If broadcast coverage of our House proceed­ that the British and French Govern­ ings can play even a small role in helping us senior citizens, for all practical purposes, ments cannot even sell Concorde to each to see ourselves as others see us, and save are forbidden to work to supplement their other any more, much less to the world's us from many a blunder and foolish notion, admittedly inadequate benefits under airlines. then it should be welcomed by the Congress penalty of reduced social security pay­ I hope this intelligence penetrates the and public alike. ments. This penalty is enforced by means decisionmakers of our own country who of the $2,400 earnings limitation which still seem determined to force the people BROADCASTING IN THE HOUSE effects a proportionate decrease in social Congress is often ill at ease with techno­ of New York and the Washington, D.C., security benefits for earnings above the area to serve as test subjects for an air- logical change. This has been all too evident $2,400 figure. in the gingerly way the House of Represent­ craft no one really wants. · atives has been approaching the question It should be noted that the original [From the Washington Post, Mar. 30, 1976] of broadcast coverage of floor debates. The social security bill did not contain such CONCORDE GETS SETBACK AT HOME impact of radio microphones and cameras on a punitive provision. Rather, the earnings the House has been discussed repeatedly limitation was enacted into law subse­ (By Jim Hoagland) since television's early days. Untll recently, quent to passage of the act. PARIS, March 29.-The Concorde super­ many members feared that broadcasting Recent soaring infiation has jeopard­ sonic jetliner failed today to get a. new com­ would be an obtrusive and disruptive force, ized what little financial security our mercial vote of confidence from its makers, encouraging members to grandstand and fur­ Britain and France, meaning that the con­ ter demeaning Congress in the public's eyes. senior citizens have been able to provide troversial aircraft now faces the prospect of With time and the turnover in the House, for. Obviously we must continue to in­ extinction after the initial run of 16 planes those apprehensions have been largely dis­ crease social security benefits. Just as ob­ is completed. pelled. As Rep. John B. Anderson (R-Dl.) viously, the earnings limitation must rise. A joint communique issued after talks summarizes in an article on the opposite Simply put, this section of the law un­ here between France's secretary of state for page, experience with broadcasting in con­ fairly and unduly penalizes those older transport, Marcel Ca.vaille, and British Min­ gressional committees and over 40 state leg­ Americans who choose, usually out of ister of State for Industry Gerald Kaufman islatures has shown that television and ra­ committed the two countries to continuing dio coverage actually tends to improve the economic necessity, to continue to work to study the future of supersonic air travel. quality of debate, enables legislators to com­ for a living. Income from investments, The tone of the communique and com­ municate better with their constituents and like bonds, stocks, and real estate, is not ments by the participants in the seven enhances public understanding of legislative penalized as such since this type income hours of talks suggested, however, that both issues and processes. Moreover, the technical is not covered under the earnings lim­ countries have concluded that they cannot problems that once seemed so formidable itation. Rather, only those who must or continue producing the $60 million aircraft have largely been overcome, so that high­ choose to continue active employment are unless there is a break-through in market­ quality coverage can be obtained without ob­ ing within the next few months. trusive cameras and glaring lights. forced to bear the brunt of this inade­ French officials had hoped that U.S. Sec­ Though many House members now recog­ quate and arbitrary provision of the law. retary of Transportation William Coleman's nize the desira.bllity of broadcasting in prin­ I am hopeful that my colleagues in the decision to allow the Concorde to land in ciple, the Rules Committee has had some Congress, particularly those who serve on the United States would encourage other difficulty deciding how coverage should be the House Ways and Means Committee, airlines to buy the plane. organized and supervised. Building on studies will join me in recognition of the great But Coleman's decision remains wrapped by the Joint Committee on Congressional in uncertainty because of local legal chal­ Operations and a. special House information contribution senior citizens have made to lenges, and the orders have failed to ma­ commission, a Rules subcommittee has final­ our national welfare by cosponsoring the terialize. The French and British govern­ ly put together a. sensible plan. Essentially, legislation (H.R. 9632) I have introduced ments need to sell 50 of the 1,300-Inile-an­ the resolution would authorize the Speaker to increase the earnings limitation to hour planes to recover $3 billion they have of the House to contract for gavel-to-gavel $4,800. put into research and development. 8710 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 30, 1976 Despite British and French press predic­ terical tirades of such unlikely combinations recall that it was to establish such rights tions that France would try to overcome as the Soviet Young Communist League and that the Declaration of Independence was British opposition to new production, Kauf­ the Tory Dally Express) are practically con­ made and the RevoJutionary War fought. man told reporters after the meeting that cerned with ecology, conservation and en­ The attempt to impose decisions upon the French had not even suggested a new vironmental issues rather than the vulgar them by the prior threat of sanctions, such commitment to produce more than the origi­ wasteful materialism inimical not only to our as has been proposed here by certain nal 16 Concordes. The British have suggested civilisation but to our species' future. Unions, Express newspapers and now this for several years that the project be dropped, It is significant that the most important Parliamentary Group, is an unwarranted in­ but until now the French have insisted on contributions to these new fields have come terference with the process of internal pol­ moving ahead. from distinguished Americans, that ex­ icy which every American. 1s entitled to British Airways has purchased five Con­ amples of this new awareness have been resent. cordes and Air France has bought four and found occasionally even in public office since Should they desire to accept this chal­ is leasing a fifth. Kaufman said Cava1lle had the outstanding Teddy Roosevelt; 0, for such lenge, I need hardly point out either the turned down a British suggestion that Air another! courses open to them or the probable conse­ France buy the fifth Concorde outright. So far as Secretary Coleman's decision is quences for this country. I cannot fail to There are no firm orders from other air­ concerned, I am appalled not so much at the comment that fatuous and irresponsible as lines for the remaining six Concordes, and decision-in the present climate of thought it ls, the timing of the proposal is hardly the two airlines begin commercial flights it would be unreasonable to expect officials appropriate in the year that Americans are to Dulles Airport on May 24 with a mixed not to yield to business interests, but at the celebrating the outcome of the last attempt record on their first two routes. wholly unsatisfactory reasoning' given in his to coerce them. British Airways flights to Bahrain con­ statement: As to the suggestion of call1ng on Trades tinue to run under the 65 per cent passenger Concorde is NOT a 'great technological Unions support, the invocation of such aid­ load break-even point while seats on Air achievement' as he claims; supersonic flight after all . that has been said and written France's Parts-Rio de Janeiro route are about is not new and the production of an air­ about the uses of "industrial action" for so­ 75 per cent full. French officials said today craft that uses more fuel, makes more noise cial-political ends, especially from members they do not expect legal challenges to the and carries a lower payload than its con­ of your party-would be flagrant hypocrisy. Conoorde flights in the United States to be temporaries is a questionable 'achievement' I am continually surprised by the toler­ settled before the end of the year. of any order. It makes no sense whatever for ance shown by America to persistent abuse The two ministers reached agreement on a nation that has decided not to build its own of their nation, not least from those who spare parts production that will extend the SST to inflict someone else's upon the coun­ have reason to be grateful. life of the Concorde factories in each coun­ try. Europe-obsessed Britishers would do well try by several months, and said they would As regards his claim not to have been in­ to recall that but for America the entry of meet periodically to coordinate routing prob­ fluenced by the threats of 'commercial repris­ this country into their dream of a "united lems and a long-term study of cooperation als' which he dismissed as of no substance, Europe" would certainly have been achieved in future supersonic and subsonic projects. you may care to ask him why then it was several decades earlier and on much less fa­ cava1lle told reporters that the two coun­ necessary for me to write to my MP the vourable terms. tries are studying rthe possib111ty of American enclosed letter, (send him a Xerox). Yours faithfully, participation in a second generation super­ And since even I know that Secretary DAVID J. TOLLEY. sonic transport aircraft "when the right tl..me Richardson thought Conoorde should be al­ comes." lowed in to avoid trade reperc'!-lssions in Europe, you might usefully inquire whether these two members of the Administration. WARWICKSHIRE, U.K., HOWARD GREENBERG RESIGNS AS March 22, 1976. ever communicate with each other? STAFF DffiECTOR OF THE SMALL Even as a non-American I find it dis­ Mr. LESTER WoLFF, agreeable that two public officials should BUSINESS COMMITTEE U.S. Congress. show such lack of spirit in this of all years; DEAR MR. WoLFF: I very much appreciated had America been so served two hundred HON. JOSEPH P. ADDABBO the sentiments you lately expressed (BBC years ago you would today have damn-all to interview) following Secretary Coleman's de­ OF NEW YORK cision on Concorde; of especial interest was celebrate. With Best Wishes, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the fact that you had been receiving corre­ Yours sincerely, spondence from people in this country. DAVID J. TOLLEY. Tuesday, March 30, 1976 Alas, it is deplorable that people should have to go outside of their own country in Mr. ADDABBO. Mr. Speaker, it is with deep emotion and regret that I have been order to get a hearing of their case, but JANUARY 28, 1976. that's the way our system works. Mr. DUDLEY SMITH, advised of the resignation of a most loyal However, British environmental opinion House of Commons. dedicated Government servant, Howard should be deservedly grateful not only for DEAR MR. SMITH: With regret I have to Greenberg, as staff director of the Small your own personal efforts and those of your complain of the conduct of a bi-partisan Bus~ess Committee of the House of colleague of New York, but also for the in­ Representatives. stitution of American democracy that has group of your Parliamentary colleagues, extended those facilities to our view that are whose names are at present unknown to me. Howard has had a long and dedicated here denied; a convincing proof of the Ameri­ I regard the threat to invoke trade1 service, both in the executive branch of can ideal in practice that appropriately jus­ transportation sanctions against the United our Government and on Capitol Hill. States of America as completely objection­ I have had the honor be a member tifies in Bicentennial year the fundamental able and protest at a proposal of complete to principles upon. which the Great Republic irresponsib111ty verging on the imbecile. of the committee under Howard's re­ is founded. Would you pleace convey to those involved gime as staff director. He is one of the Here, opposition to Concorde has been the fact that America is a sovereign state, most lrnowledgeable and experienced in­ muted to the extent of virtual non-exist­ and that however much British MPs may feel dividuals in Government. ence, through the ineffectiveness of British the need to justify the extravagant waste of He started his extraordinary · service environmental groups-perhaps intimidated taxpayers' money in developing thls entirely by the smears and abuse from the British first in the General Services Adminis­ unnecessary, noisy, polluting and resource tration, the Small Business Administra­ Media which conceives its prime function to consuming prestige symbol, Americans are be to support the Business/Industry /Politi­ not obliged to have it in their country if they tion, and finally with the Small Business cal party Establishment; as you are probably do not so wish. Committee in the House of Representa­ already aware America herself has been vili­ Whether Concorde is allowed into the USA tives. fied in a shameful fashion for even per­ is a matter for Americans to decide. In view I have found him to be most helpful, mitting the hearings. of the fact that commercial pressure there, as loyal, and knowledgeable. He was always I have made my protests but they have elsewhere, is stronger than that which can of extreme aid and assistance to all the been ignored. be brought by environmental or conserva­ members of the committee and to the Beyond all this I have been gratified by the tionist grnups, your colleagues are getting chairmen of the various subcommittees. demonstration of deterxnined opposition-in quite unnecessarily excited. His leaving the committee and Govern­ fine American tradition-from the emergent That is, of course, unless what they are American environment lobby that has al­ really objecting to is not the mere possib111ty ment service will be of extreme loss to ready achieved notice over the Amchitka/ of exclusion, but that the American custom the House and committee. I join the Alaska pipeline issues. a.nd institution allows its citizens to make Honorable JoE EviNs, the chairman of Without commenting on the rights and legal and effective representations in matters the committee and its members in wish­ wrongs of particular issues, it is good to see of public policy, which is not the case here. ing him good health, and long life with that many Americans (contrary to the hys- Members of the House would do well to his wife and famlly. March 30, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8711 SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC ISSUES And up the economic ladder they went, day school program. He cites, as example, THAT AFFECT JEWISH GROUPS IN these stro.ng-willed businessmen. "Shrewd," Magen David Yeshiva at Avenue P and Still­ THE UNITED STATES is the word that keeps reappearing in inter­ well Avenue attended by about 700 Syrian views when descri!}ing Syrians in commerce, Jewish youngsters. It is a high school replete though some ascribe part of their success to with all the modern facilities. HON. STEPHEN J. SOLARZ Just plain hard work. After all, you had to be Further down Ocean Parkway, not far a hard worker and a keen businessman to OF NEW YORK from Shaare Zion, is Ahi Ezer Yeshiva, for survive in Aleppo and most brought this Syrian Jewish boys and girls. This school is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES commercial skill with them to capitalist co-curriculum; that is, it is set up with sepa­ Tuesday, March 30, 1976 America. In the Syrian Jewish community, rate classes for boys and girls, according to they have even broken down the skill of do­ Orthodox Jewish law. It is revolutionary for Mr. SOLARZ. Mr. Speaker, Ben G. ing business according to city of origin. For Syrian girls to attend a school. For many Frank a leading writer and commenta­ instance, the Jew from Aleppo is supposed years in the Syrian community, a girl's place tor or{ social and economic issues that to be a better businessman than the one was at home; it was unheard of for Syrian affect Jewish groups in the United States from Damascus. Jewish girls to study formally. In fact, until has recently published two excellent Syrian Jews put their affluence to good use. recently even the boys usually went only articles that involve immigrant Jews re­ They have built modern marble-lined tem­ through high school. The tradition was that ples such as Shaare Zion which cost a million the father then handed down the business to siding in my district in Brooklyn, N.Y. dollars to build more than a dozen years ago. the son. Now it is changing. Young Syrian The first entitled "Odessa by the Sea", And they are always raising money for some boys are studying the professions. deals with the Russian immigrant Jew­ worthwhile cause. Abe Mansour, president of Ahi Ezer is one of the fastest growing ish community and in my view is per­ Young Shaare Zion's 250 youth members, told yeshivas in the country. Led by dynamic haps the most probing piece yet written me that ever since he can remember there Rabbi Saul Wolf, it now has nearly a thou­ on these new Americans. always was a drive in the synagogue for a sand students, a far cry from the 18 it had 11 The second article is, "Jews From Arab yeshiva, or for the UJA, or for Israel Bonds. years ago. Lands: at Home in Brooklyn.'' deals Above all, the Syrian Jews "mind their own Rabbi Wolf observed to me that the business" and stick together as a community. Yeshiva has geared its program to Syrian with the Syrian Jewish community. I am needs. Students study from a Sephardic sid­ privileged to represent the largest Se­ For example, even in the summer, thousands of Syrian Jews pack their beach towels and dur, so they can pray and read in the same phardic Jewish community in the world, summer clothes and head for the same sum­ tradition as their fathers and grandfathers. outside of the Middle East. mer resorts: Bradley Beach, N.J., or Deal, N.J. They listen to special tapes so they can learn Mr. Frank pinpoints some of the prob­ where they have a synagogue. They do find Sephardic chants. They study Sephardic cus­ lems confronting this close-knit subcul­ security by living and praying together. toms so they can be familiar with Sephardic ture within Judaism as well as outlining ritual. Among other reasons cited for going down Tradition abounds in the Syrian Jewish the many important contributions they to the Jersey shore in the summer "is to community. The chief rabbi of the commu­ have made to the well-being of the United enable their children to meet boys and girls ~ty is the elderly Rabbi Joseph Kasin, ana­ States. of their own community. In this way, they tlve of Jerusalem who is called Baham Bashi. I append his articles.: manage to limit the number of marriages He addresses his congregation at Shaare Zion that take place outside the community," JEWS FROM ARAB LANDS: AT HOME IN in Arabic and there are about 1,000 persons writes Dr. Hayyim J. Cohen of the Hebrew who attend Shabbat services. BROOKLYN University in the publication Dispersion and (By Ben G. Frank) More tradition: Shaare Zion is basically for Unity. Jews from Aleppo, though it has integrated Ocean Parkway in Brooklyn is not Haroun While other Jews are concerned about as­ many Egyptian and Lebanese Jew/3 within its El Rashid in Cairo. Neither is it Wadi Abu similation, or intermarriage, Syrian Jews are ranks. Jews from Damascus attend Congre­ Jamll in Beirut. Nor Haret el Yahoud Street not. Few Syrian Jews-one to two percent­ gation Ahi Ezer. Congregation Beth Torah, a in Damascus. marry Christians. Dr. Cohen found that new temple, is composed of mainly young . But to 25,000 Syrian Jews, a thousand strong opposition among Sephardic groups to adults. A fourth congregation is Magen Egyptian Jews and several hundred Lebanese intermarriage exists among Syrians, espe­ David. Jews, all of whom live within a several mile cially those who were born abroad. Years ago, many Syrian Jews bought Mid­ radius of Ocean Parkway, this grand boule­ Indeed, few Syrian Jews marry anyone else dle East delicacies ·from Arabs on Atlantio vard in Flatbush is home, U.S.A. other than Syrian or other Sephardic Jews. Avenue in Brooklyn, and there always was Indeed, it is almost impossible to find, in Dr. Cohen's study of the attitude of Sephar­ very little said politically between the two the melting pot experience of the intermin­ dim towards marriage to Ashkenazim points groups. Now, more and more, these same gling of various Jewish groups, three com­ out the true feelings of the Syrians. He Syrian Jews buy their delicacies and pastry munities such as these which are as closely wrote: " ... young Sephardim and members from Isaac Mansoura, an Egyptian Jew who knit; which take their summer vacations to­ of the third generation express less reserva­ once had a bakery and restaurant on Haroun gether in the same resort town and which · tion about intercommunal marriage than El Rashid Street in Cairo and who sold his to put it bluntly, even prefer to 11mit their the old ones, or members of the first and sec­ pastry to King Farouk, General Naguib and choice of marriage to a Sephardic Jewish ond generations-with one exception: the Gamal Abdel Nasser. But that was years ago, mate from their own country over a Sephar­ Syrians. The latter, including those born in and now at his shop on Kings Highway, he dic Jewish mate from another Middle East the U.S., express much greater reservations sells to Arabs and Jews from the Middle East country. with regard to marriage to Ashkenazim than and North Africa who come there. At the apex of this community of Jews any other community. Next are the Egyp­ There are more than 10,000 Egyptian Jews from the Arab world are the Syrians who have tians who . . . are of Syrian origin and also in the U.S.; about 1,000 Uve in Brooklyn. come a long way economically and poUtically live to a considerable extent among the Like Isaac Mansoura, many Egyptian Jews in the more than half-century since their Syrians in Brooklyn." have remained in the trades and professions arrival b.ere. Yet, especially in Brooklyn, the Syrian they had in Cairo and Alexandria. The main Syrian immigration arrived in Sephardic community maintains good rela­ Egyptian Jews are engaged in banking and the U.S. between 1911 and 1920 and settled­ tions with the larger Ashkenazic group. Ac­ finance, in importing and textiles. And they where else?-but at that portal to America; cording to Syrian J~ish community leaders, are just as successful in New York as they the Lower East Side. There, they took up the earlier distrust between the two groups were in Cairo 20 years ago. Before the Suez residences and stores fronting on streets is gone. One reason, certainly, is that the campaign of 1956, there were more than Hester and Essex and Rivington and Orchard. larger Ashkenazic Orthodox community in 100,000 Jews In Egypt. They were generally But they were Sephardim among the mass Brooklyn is quite pleased to have the finan­ well off and educated in French and British of Ashkenazi Jews and their prayer ritual cial support of the Syrian Jewish community, schools. After the Suez crisis, more than half was different. So they worked and waited for especially for yeshivas and for Jewish educa­ of the Egyptian Jewish community fted in the day they could build their own house of tion in that borough. the late 1950s and early 1960s. worship. The education of one's children has always Why have Egyptian Jews adjusted so well The unity within the Syrian community been a prime aim of the Sephardic commu­ to the U.S.? First of all, they are extremely is maintained by the synagogue. This is the nity. Syrian Jews believe they wlll survive be­ cosmopolitan. Many Jewish businessmen in focus and the center of these Jews from the cause their Jewish education is thorough. Egypt spoke French, English, Arabic, Italian, Middle East, now American citizens and now The community notes with pride that 85 to Greek and Spanish and knew the customs amuent, but always Orthodox. Just as in 90 percent of Syrian Jewish youth attend and culture of each as well as their business Aleppo and Damascus where they lived yeshivas. practices. They were well educated. Having around the Bet Knesset, here in New York Rabbi Abraham B. Hecht, spiritual leader been exposed for years to the fast moving they brought their synagogues with them as of Shaare Zion and a Lubavitch Ha.sld, commercial life of an Alexandria, they they moved from the East Side to Williams­ praises the accomplishment and energy that learned how to be excellent tradesmen and burg, to Bensonhurst, and finally to Flatbush. marks this Syrian Jewish community in the financiers. 8712 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 30, 1976 Secondly, they integrated rapidly into the from Israel itself, after a short stay in the if you don't have any money, you suffer existing Sephardic Jewish community. Most Jewish State. because all around you people have money of those who came to Brooklyn, for instance, The percentage of Soviet Jews who decide and therefore can buy goods. She pointed after 1956, joined Shaare Zion. Mr. Man­ to settle in the U.S., Canada, Australia, New out that in Russia, she never dreamed of soura, himself, a member of that congrega­ Zealand and other count ries-rather than owning a car; she has one in America. In tion, put it this way: "We speak the same Israel-has risen since the Yom Kippur War. fact, she said, Americans "pay too much language as the Syrians. We have the same This "dropout rate," as the Israeli immigra­ attention to money." customs. We eat the same foods." tion officials call it, jumped to about 40 per­ Economically, Russian Jews manage. In Another reason for their ready adjust­ cent in 1975 compared with about four per­ fact, according to Dr. Herbert Bernstein, ment is that they genuinely like the United cent in July, 1973. executive director of New York Associatio:l States, especially polyglot Brooklyn where, In Brighton Beach, the newcomers hav-e for New Americans, 80 per cent of the Rus­ as they say, "Everybody is a stranger, so we made a good home for themselves. A pleasant sian Jewish newcomers are economically self­ don't feel out of place." pastime is bathing in the ocean at Brighton sufficient within 6 to 7 months after their There are differences, of course. Many of Beach--one of the reasons they came to this arrival here; 20 per cent a year or longer. the Egyptian Jews are not as strong-willed neighborhood which reminds them of Odessa He went on to say that virtually no one as the Syrians and after talking to several on the Black Sea. is on public welfare, adding that "the Jew­ Egyptian and Syrian Jewish community Already, Russian Jews have left their mark ish community has taken upon itself the leaders one gets the impression the Egyp­ on this busy, middleclass neighborhood. One moral obligation and responsibility for help­ tians are not as close-knit as the Syrians. sees them walking down congested Brighton ing fellow immigrant Jews stay off public But they get along together in the syna­ Beach Avenue under the El. One result of welfare." gogue and the community and that is no the Russians being in Brighton Beach is that The biggest problem facing Russian Jews mean accomplishment. Nevertheless, a num­ because they like to walk outdoors, and look is the job. The real difficulty is that of mov­ ber of Egyptians have set up their own tem­ at store windows and shop, this is one of the ing right into their old professions. Physi­ porary congregation. few places in New York where people actually cians, dentists, and other health care pro­ When and if you try and pin down some are out on the streets in the early evening fessionals have a problem in the U.S., where generalizations about these Jews from Arab and on weekends. licensing requirements are often more strin­ lands, you hear that the Egyptians are some­ Thus, Russian Jews have brought much gent than in the U.S.S.R. what more intellectual than the Syrians. But business to the storekeepers in the area. Many of the Russians-even though they more say and agree that the Lebanese Jews Other American Jews and non-Jews seeing have been warned of the hurdles facing them are the most intellectual and educated of the Russian Jews go out in the evening, also before they can begin to practice their former all the three groups. Besides, the Lebanese, come out and visit shops. professions in the U.S.-often unrealistically . who had more opportunity to study and more All the corner newspaper stands carry "No­ expect that the Jewish community possesses freedom in Lebanon, have been described as Voye Russkoye Slovo," the Russian language the power and influence to help them over­ having a. broader outlook on trade and busi­ newspaper. There is a Russian owned delica­ come the obstacles they face. ness. It is said they would rather set up a tessen selling fish and sausage from the So­ Most professionals from the U.S.S.R. ar­ large export-import concern than a mere re­ viet Union and other delicacies, and business rive with no knowledge or orientation as to tail outlet selling transistors and tape record­ seems to be good. One Russian's store repairs the requirements for practice in the profes­ ers. shoes. sions in the U.S. They consider themselves Sever,al hundred Lebanese Jews live in Most of the Russians settled in "Odessa. by fully qualified to "'Wprk here on the same Brooklyn today. They arrived here after the the Sea" because they heard other Russian level as previously, and are deeply disap­ 1967 Six Day War. Jews were there. and they like hearing Rus­ pointed to discover that they cannot prac­ Even though they are a smaller group, the sian in the streets; it is easier to adjust espe­ tice without fulfilling American require­ Lebanese Jews also stick together. Sami cially when your big problem is learning ments. Saayed, of Flatbush, said in an interview that English. One of the biggest problems is that the he and his friends often visit each other. They In point of fact, learning the language and Russian Jews have no concept of beginning hold parties. They have wonderful reunions getting a job are the big obstacles facing the at the bottom, if they must, and working up at Bar Mitzvahs and weddings. They gather Soviet Jews. We discovered on a. trip to the ladder, so to speak. Many in America, at Mansoura's pastry shop. Brighton Beach that for the young people refugees or not, start in "bread and butter" There is one area of concern-led by the it is not too difficult to obtain employment. jobs, as they are called. Many even start Jewish leaders tell us that it is with the Syrian Jews-that all three groups have be­ their careers with work not related to their come increasingly involved in: action to free senior citizens and older people that the trouble comes in employment, especially in fields until they can get a more suitable posi­ Panama Canal, able career, John L. Breitwieser was (NoTE.-LAWRENCE P. McDoNALD is a Mem­ and we in Congress are being told we must reelected by his fellow townspeople every ber of Congress from Georgia's Seventh Dis­ back him up because he will become unhappy 2 years from 1937 to 1976, after having trict and serves on the House Armed Services and lose face if we don't allow him to do so! already served a 1-year term from 1934 Committee. He is a graduate of Davidson We would not be legally committed to to 1935. It is only because of ill health College and the Emory University School of anything, but even the Resolution is a show that John will not surpass 40 years of Medicine, was a. resident at the University of of strength for World Government--or, in Michigan Hospital, and practiced medicine in any case, ignorance and apathy. It is impos­ public service to his town. Atlanta. Dr. McDOll&ld is a Democrat and a. sible to believe that a majority of Congress­ John Breitwieser was born in New member of the Council of the John Birch men regard the Resolution as anything more York City in 1906. He came to beautiful Society.) than a piece of froth which earns them Weston, Conn. 1n 1921, and decided to It is Atlantic Union time again. This pro- points with the internationalists and costs 8714 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 30, 1976 them nothing with the voters. Yet it is im­ Order. It involves, in fact, a Master Conspir­ were quite simply intended to recruit people portant. We cannot survive too many more acy which is very old indeed. for such World Government tasks as Mr. sma.ll steps toward the brink before going Clarence Streit has been at the old Atlantic Streit has carried out. Tralning men and over and giving up our independence--and Union stand for nearly forty years. Mr. then dropping them has not been the pro­ when that's gone, it's gone forever. As the Streit is now seventy-nine years old; he was gram. distinguished commentator Dan Smoot has born in Montana in 1896, went to college and It would certainly be difficult to run your observed, the proposed Atlantic Union became a cub reporter, then soared into the own "movement'• for nearly forty years if "would have the power (1) to impose a com­ big time of this internationalist conspiracy the bee were lodged merely in one bonnet. mon citizenship; (2) to tax citizens directly; via a Rhodes scolarship. Immediately, he be­ But it does help if the Rockefellers pick up (3) to make and enforce all laws; (4) to came a "foreign correspondent" in Paris, your printing bllls, as they reportedly did coin and borrow money; (5) to have a mo­ Rome, Istanbul, and Geneva-where he was for Clarence Streit's magazine Freedom And nopoly on all armed forces; and (6) to admit the New York Times man covering the old Union. When Mr. ·streit's "movement" sailed new members." League of Nations from 1929 to 1938. forth under the fiag of the Atlantic Union Suppose that we formed such an Atlantic When testifying for Atlantic Union, Mr. Committee, between 1949 and 1962, over one Union in a weak moment, and then decided Streit likes to come on as a humble news­ hundred members of the Committee were that this had been a mistake, and we wanted ma.n, earnestly well-meaning. Only occasion­ also members of the aforementioned Council to withdraw. As we Southerners know, seces­ ally does he slip, as when discussing how on Foreign Relations. Mr. Streit had nothing sion is not allowed; it is prevented by force. his friends can make money speculating in much to say about that, but said that he The European Economic Community with Eurodollars in hundred-thousand-dollar himself had never even been invited to join which we would be joined does not, as yet, units. Mr. Streit's son-in-law, Felix Rohatyn, the C.F.R., had had but one article published have a "community of military forces" suffi­ is said to be the heir-apparent to the Roths­ in its magazine Foreign Affairs-and that was cient to the task of preventing any but the chllds' American operation under Lazard ages ago and not related to Atlantic Union. smallest members from opting out. But the Freres. So Mr. Streit is not exactly of the Well, perhaps the scheme was regarded as wlll to do so already exists. According to an beleaguered middle class; he is one who such a long shot that it did not warrant a article by J .G. White in the American Bar quite honestly thinks the proposal to spend place on the tout sheet. Certainly it has been Association Journal of June 1973, "the re­ two hundred thousand dollars to plan At­ a long shot until recently, when the C.F.R. cently retired president of the European lantic Union calls for laying out a paltry began to push openly for its New World commission stated that if Harold Wilson be­ sum, although it should be drawn from the Order and detente with the Communists. came Prime Minister and tried to take Britain taxpayers rather than his friends the Rocke­ But now we are face to face with an At­ out (of the E.E.C.), he would be brought be­ fellers or Rothschllds. lantic Union Resolution that has a good fore the Court of Justice of the European Professor Carroll Quigley of the Foreign chance of passage. What will it mean? Communities." Service Institute revealed some of the con­ As we have noted, the deceptively modest Resolution asks for a modest two hundred It takes muscle to "bring" the Prime Min­ spiratorial origins and impllcations of the Streit game in his book Tragedy And Hope: thousand dollars with which to enable eight­ ister of a sovereign nation before an inter­ een "eminent citizens" tq meet with foreign national court. The former top official sound­ A History Of The World In Our Time (New York, Macmillan, 1966). There he describes eminences to discuss a federal union between ing off on the subject of Harold Wilson either the United States and whatever other coun­ thought such muscle existed, or heartily some of the operations of the moneyed Round Table group in England, which had tries ma.y be involved. Our N .A.T.O. allies are wished it did. When full-time, high-level generally the ones mentioned. Indeed, since professionals work on making things happen, already set up an international network of Royal Institutes of International Affairs N.A.T.O. was created, Mr. Streit has tried to they do tend to happen eventually. We see it tie Atlantic Union to its coattails; Repre­ all around us. (But of course you wouldn't within the empire, and an American branch want to call it a conspiracy!) called the Council on Foreign Relations, now sentative Findley does the same. It seems the headed by David Rockefeller. Its personnel surest pitch-after all, are we not already We would do well to remember in the face were, according to Quigley, recruited and allies? After all, doesn't N.A.T.O. need to be of what is happening that in 1936 the Com­ trained (like Clarence Streit) through the strengthened? munist International presented a three-stage "Rhodes Scholarship organization." If you Well, now, weakness is relative. The plan for achieving World Government. It wonder where the Communists get their N.A.T.O. alliance is weak vis-a-vis the Soviet went like this: ( 1) socialize the economies of ideas, try this on for size: Union and its satellites, and the ever-greater all nations; (2) bring about federal unions One of the effusions of this group was the efforts being made to strengthen the Soviet of various groupings of these socialized na­ bloc, through aid and trade, are conducted tions; (3) amalgamate the regional unions project called Union Now, and later Union Now with Great Britain, propagated in the by the same folk who then bemoan our own into a world union of socialist states. Here is weakness. Having created the problem, they a passage from the official program of the United States by Clarence Streit on behalf of Lord Lothian and the Rhodes Trust. ffiti­ are ready with their own special solution­ 1936 Communist International: "dictator­ in this case, the abandonment of American ship can be established only by a victory of mately, the inner circle of this group arrived at the idea of the "three-bloc world." sovereignty. Oh, it will save money, through socialism in different countries or groups of such measures as "standardized insignia." 1 countries, after which the proletariat repub­ You've heard of the Third World? And do According to Mr. Streit, unified Euro-Amer­ lics would unite on federal lines with those you really think it's something new? Actual­ lcan Armed Forces could save all sorts of already in existence, and the system of fed_. ly, the concept expanded then, as now, into money by eliminating "duplication," any­ eral unions would expand . . . at length a five-bloc world and it can be an any­ thing from fifteen percent to "half" of the forming the World Union of the Soviet So­ bloc world. The idea is to form a polit­ Defense budget-the latter round figure, ac­ cialist Republlcs." ical world in which any cne bloc can be cording to Mr. Streit, from General Eisen­ Five years later, Clarence Streit wrote a squeezed by two others. While it would be hower. Where is the difference supposed to book entitled Union Now With Britain. He remarkable if Mr. Streit did not deplore come from? Why, from the European part labored to make the above Communist strat­ Hitler-and he assures my office that he of the federation. Certainly they will want egy palatable to the West as follows: does-the conspirators in the 1930s, accord­ to pick up the tab for us, when they refuse Democrats cannot .. . quarrel with So­ ing to Quigley, looked forward to having to do it even for themselves at present. In viet Russia or any other nation because of Hitler whip Europe into a bloc. As he ex­ exchange for such an imagined contribution, its economic collectivism, for democracy it­ plains, ". . . this plan would work only if all we would have to do would be to give self introduced the idea of collective ma­ Germany and the Soviet Union could be up control of our own Armed Forces. chinery into its politics. It is a profound mis­ brought into contact with each other by Mr. Streit didn't want to discuss it, but take to identify democracy and Union abandoning to Germany, Austria, Czecho­ this means that, should the Red Army start necessarily or entirely with either capitalist slovakia, and the Polish Corridor." to roll, and should the Socialists of Europe or socialist society, with either the method Greetings from the Conspiracy that decide to surrender, we would be surren­ of individual or collective enterprise. There brought you World War II! Naturally, stand­ dered, too-into that "World Union" the is room for both of these methods in a ard history books do not speak of the tiny, 1936 Communist International talked about. democracy . . . Democracy not only allows informal cliques of financial leaders who If we did not choose to surrender, we would mankind to choose freely between capitalism decide what their politician puppets are to have an awful time trying to regain control and collectivism, but it includes Marxist gov­ do next. That might make "conspiracy" cred­ of some part of the "federated" armed ernments, parties and press, as well as lais­ ible, when it is a. very important part of the force! sezfaire governments, parties and press, and game to train everyone to respond on cue, Let's just look at the proposed federation plenty of gradations in between. "Oh, the conspiracy theory, ho-ho-ho," in­ in the best possible light-a strictly "Ameri­ So the idea is not union only with our stead of thinking. can" legislative setup, with two "Senators" Western allies but union with the Commu­ With respect to Atlantic Union, Mr. Streit per country and "Representatives" allocated nists as well. It is here that the plans for tells my staff that he certainly has not been on the basis of population--say, one Repre­ World Government being made in Moscow, an agent of the Rhodes Trust. Why, he didn't sentative per million people-and let's as­ London, Brussels, and New York converge in­ even finish his course. But it is also worth sume that the federation consists only of our to what Henry Kissinger calls the New World mentioning that the Rhodes Scholarships N .A.T.O. allies. March ·30, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8715 Fifteen countries are involved; with two elude tbalt we really don't owe anJ'body much WHEN SHOULD AMERICANS CELE­ "Senators" apiece, the United States would of anything-quite the contrary! BRATE GEORGE WASHINGTON'S have two (2) of the thirty "Senators," or The Atlantic Union people, along with the BffiTHDAY? seven percent of the voting strength. (With World Federalists and other exponents of the Communist-dominated United Nations rthe New Woi'ild Order, are interested in mak­ arranged on a similar principle, we have one ing the world not merely safe but convend.ent vote out of about one hundred forty-but for the inJternational operators. The cerutra.l HON. HENRY J. HYDE of course we pay the bulk of the bills!) In bankers could form one big happy central OF ILLINOIS brunk which need take no lip whaitsoever a N.A.T.O. "federation," the United States IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES would be somewhat better represented on the from the customers-half a billion citizens. basis of population. We would have some We might propose the slogan for the New Tuesday, March 30, 1976 208 delegates out of a total of about 547, or World Order-Ein Bank, Ein Buck, Ein thirty-eight percent. A minority, also. Rockefuhrer! · Mr. HYDE. Mr. Speaker, one of the If anyone does not believe that Atlantic Atlantic Union, along with a.ll its World many beneficial aspects of celebrating Union would involve a surrender of sover­ Govel'nment ancestors, cousins, and spawn, our Bicentennial is the reawakening of eignty, check those figures again. Whatever represents a sick joke on America. United interest in the life and accomplishments powers were turned over to the Atlantic Nations, World Federalism, the Rockefellers' of our first President, and the father of Union would be placed in the hands of the Tricorutinenta.l pl8in to include Ja.pan, and our conntry, George Washington. majority, in Europe. rthe Rockefeller-Kissinger five-polar world­ Mr. Sean O'Gara, editor of the Life Now, who really wants that? all bear the stamp of sponsorship by the newspapers in my district, wrote an edi­ Yet this 1S the best arrangement imagi­ Interrulltiona.l Commun.ist Conspiracy in torial that appeared in the Life papers nable, since the countries involved are al­ league with intel'>n&tiona.l fLna.nce. With last February 22 that effectively dis­ ready our allies (however lukewarm or shaky) America in its present stalte, it cannot be and they are European. Of course, they are sa.id thait we are gripped by a proper Bicen­ cusses the important fact that we no also largely Socialist--just as outlined by tennial spirit. But let us not condemn our­ longer observe George Washington's the 1936 Communist International. selves to a sad New Colonialism by repealing birthday on its proper date but that the This is a point which is apt to slide by the American Revolu~onl date on which we celebrate this auspici­ the casual listener who hasn't thought be­ ous occasion has been moved to create a yond the idealistic vaporings which are usu­ ''long weekend." ally presented as arguments. However, you The question of whether Congress can be sure that the proponents of Atlantic should restore the celebration of Wash­ Union are well aware that, not only do the QUINN BUCKNER OF PHOENIX, ILL. Socialists run most of the N.A.T.O. countries. ington's birthday to its rightful date is but only the Communists and Socialists are an interesting one and I am pleased to tightly organized on an international basis. share Mr. O'Gara's editorial with my and hence able to profit at once from any HON. MARTIN A. RUSSO colleagues: - such federation. Furthermore, any political OF ILLINOIS TODAY, NoT TOMORROW party interested in national issues would be IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (By Sean O'Gara) swamped. Already, the West German govern­ ment has provided money to certain political Tuesday, March 30, 1976 Although it was observed last Monday by parties so that they can organize in other some and will be tomorr ow by others, today countries; it is as if the Congress were to Mr. RUSSO. Mr. Speaker, it is with is the only real, authentic anniversary of the appropriate funds so that the Democratic great pride and satisfaction that I ad­ birth of the one person who, in the entire and Republican Parties could organize in vise the House today of the notable history of this continent, was indispensable Portugal, Norway, and Turkey. To the ex­ achievements of a talented young man to the creation and continuation of our tent that they did a really good job of it, from my congressional district, Mr. country, Gen. George Washington. they would cease to be American, since the Quinn Buckner. As I am sure all of my The switch in days-observing the historic majority of votes, as we have shown, are event on a convenient Monday rather than colleagues are aware, Quinn Buckner is on the correct date-was accomplished by to be found on the other side of the Atlantic. the backcourt act of the newly-crowned It all seems absurd, insane, impossible even an act of Congress, no less, with t h e rather to consider. And yet, it's a scheme which NCAA champions, the Indiana Fighting inane and pointless intention of giving the for years has had the support of people like Hoosiers. American worker a three-day holiday (as the Rockefellers. Their interests are global, Mr. Buckner is a resident of Phoenix, if he needed it). so why aren't yours? In presenting our labor force with an extra Til. and his success at Indiana has par­ day to snowmobile in the forest preserves, Perhaps because their global interests alleled his high school exploits at Thorn­ a basketball game or go for a gaseous drive yield billions, and cost the rest of us hun­ ridge High School, also in my district. on an overcrowded expressway, Congress not dreds of billions. Mr. Buckner led the Thornridge Falcons only undercut the memory of a revered The skirmish line of patter which goes to two Dlinois . State basketball titles in patriot but put another dent in that fragile forth initially, at least when Mr. Streit is 1971 and 1972. but vital armor of ours called Patriotism. testifying, promises that Atlantic Union will This subtle disparaging of Washington as solve whatever ails u s, be it war, infiation, The stellar backcourt play of Buckner the Father Figure supreme of our country is unemployment, pollution, perhaps even the was instrumental in the 86-68 Indiana more than just a pointless, thoughtless act common cold. The main line follows along victory of the University of Michigan in on the part of a Congress peopled by far too behind, and reveals the fact that, like all of last night's finale of the NCAA tourna­ many egocentrics and far too few altruists; these global and regional government ment at the Spectrum in Philadelphia. it is a blatant indication that the actions schemes, they are really for the convenience The Indiana win capped a perfect 32-0 of our forefath ers and the lessons of the of international Insiders who include not past are insignificant in today's America. only the Communists but the operators of season for the Big Ten champions. This In short, Washington has been dead for international finance-like the Rothschild unprecedented all Big Ten final ex­ 177 years, so what he was, what he accom­ backers of Cecil Rhodes, and David Rocke­ hibited the great athletic prowess of our plished, what he stood for and what he feller who heads not only the Council on young people of the Midwest whose bequeat h ed to us no longer is of value in Foreign Relations but t he Chase Manhattan favorite winter pastime is roundball. mat erialistic 1976. We suspect, t h ough, t hat Bank as well. Quinn Buckner played a most signifi­ he and. Nathan Hale and Light Horse Harry One point upon which Mr. Streit seems cant role in the Hoosier victory. Besides Lee and Thomas Jefferson and all the others to agree with the ConservaJtive poslJtion is in scoring 16 points, handing out 4 assists, who forged our nat ion 200 years a go would his call for a return to gold a.s the basis for still ·be revered if they had left us a chicken currency. Thus, in his 1973 testimony, he coming up with 5 steals, and snaring 8 in every pot and two cars 1n every garage. pointed to the apparent disaster looming rebounds, it was Buckner's stellar floor As we drift with increasing impetus to­ for the unba.cked dollar, and argued that our play that steadied the Hoosiers after the ward a welfare state, like a kite gathering gold plus Europe's gold could cov~ the non­ unfortunate injury to teammate Bob speed as it reaches newer, faster air currents, EU'l'Opean dollar holdings. When we asked Wilkerson early in the first half. our innate love for our country (scars, warts him just why Europe should yield its gold and all) is being diminished and eroded by Mr. Speaker, today is a happy day for two of humanity's most destructive charac­ to cover our debt s, Mr. Streit denounced Quinn Buckner, his family, his friends, "DJa.ITtOW national interests" and said it would teristics-greed and egoism. be a great long-term investment. Of oourse, and his neighbors of Phoenix, m. I am We don't suppose many people realize it, some of us look at the fa.ntastic totals in­ proud to salute my constituent as an but when the memory of George Washington volved in foreign aid of all types, and con- NCAA basketball champion. is downgraded from that of Father of His 8716 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 30, 1976 Country to the states of a rather inconse­ present administration to use OSHA as (Although United Steelworkers of America quential ancestor born on some day or other a tool to gain political support in the officials at the plant believe cancer among in February a long time ago, we are only cast­ business sector. their members is occupationally caused, they ing aspersion on ourselves: we are not big are afraid to be identified for fear that their enough of soul or strong enough of will to re­ Further, I would like my colleagues to preliminary efforts at collecting data on the tain for ourselves and those who will come be aware of the changes that have been deaths will be thwarted by the company.) after us a pride in our heroes and the nation instituted at OSHA by Dr. Morton Com, "Things in there (the melting operation) they forged for us. the new Administrator. Dr. Com has rec­ have gotten much worse since the company Individual heroes have been vitally impor• ognized that occupational disease has put $14 million worth of air-pollution equip­ tant to the well-being of all nations through­ received inadequate attention by the ment to meet the state's clean-air laws," out history; they always have represented agency, and he has developed new ini­ says a union official who represents the 4,250 goals to be attained, excellence for which to tiatives to build up the OSHA capabil­ men at the plant. strive, the talisman of national and individ­ ity to both recognize those health haz­ "Ever since that pollution equipment went ual pride. That is why we give our Audie Mur­ on, things inside the plant are four or five phys medals, our astronauts ticker tape pa­ ards which pose a serious threat to the times worse." rades and our George Washingtons their lives of American workers, and to take The OSHA inspector arrived at the plant birthday observances. steps to correct these hazards. on a cold, dry day-the kind of day when Gen. Washington was a bona fide hero, not As the chairman of the subcommit­ the ventilation system works best, according to just our country, but to the entire world; tee which oversees OSHA activity, I am to the union officer. The inspector judged so great was (and is) his stature in history encouraged by these initiatives, and look the air quality safe, but the employes were that it is apparent now that he is a greater unsatisfied. forward to increased OSHA attention "If he had come on a rainy day, or a humid hero with our arch-enemies in the Commu­ and activity in the occupational health nist camp than he is in the homeland that he day, he wouldn't have said it was safe. No helped create, and this is a sad reflection on area. way," says the union official. the manners and morals of his national Mr. Speaker, I know my colleagues will FRUSTRATED WORKERS progeny. be interested in the Philadelphia Inquirer Throughout the nation's five million work­ In 1941, when our nation was endangered, article on OSHA, and I include it at this places, the stories about OSHA are the same: we reached down into our well of national point in my remarks: employers with good safety records dis­ heroes and resurrected them selfishly and MAJOR HAZARDS Go IGNORED, MINOR ONES GET gruntled at petty fines, and workers who face possessively, because we needed them, and ACTION deadly hazards daily frustrated by the agency we used them shamelessly to buoy our hopes (By Susan Q. Stranahan) created to help them. in that time of travail; now, With danger ap­ A seven-month investigation by The In­ parently passed, we are discarding them by When the Occupational Safety and Health quirer into the working conditions faced relegating them to secondary memory. Administration (OSHA) was created by the daily by 63 million American workers reveals federal government in 1970, it was charged Time and events notwithstanding, George that their well-being-guaranteed by the with assuring "safe and healthful working Occupational Safety and Health Act-has Washington was and is our greatest hero conditions for working men and women." and, whether Congress approves or not, we're been traded off for politics and profits. Fanning out over the country, OSHA in­ As a result, 100,000 workers die each year going to observe the anniversary of his birth­ spectors sought out dangers in the workplace. day today, even if only to pull down an old from occupational diseases and 15,000 others Their goal: In a country where 315 men and die from job-related accidents. And that is as history book and read a couple of chapters women die every day from disease or injury on the American Revolution. counted by industry. No one-not even incurred on the job, protect workers from OSHA-knows the real numbers. There are That isn't much to do, we admit, but it carnage in the workplace. indications that they could be double or is more than an unthinking, disrespectful They found Ralph Harrison's Nehi machine triple that. Congress has done. and cited him for violating a federal law. One of the deaths not included in OSHA's "I sure was surprised," recalls Harrison, occupational disease statistics is that of a executive vice president of the J. E. Chilton crane operator who worked for 29 years in Co. Inc. of Nashville, a custom woodworking that western Pennsylvania steel mill, where plant. "We thought we had a safe place to fumes often made seeing-as well as breath­ PHILADELPHIA INQUIRER OVER­ work here." ing-difficult. VIEW ON OCCUPATIONAL DIS­ Apparently, the federal government didn't Most of the time, he operated his crane EASE think so. . It did concede that all of the com­ high above furnaces where specialty steels­ pany's manufacturing and woodworking ·for golf clubs and rockets--were made. facilities were safe. But in addition to citing the company for an improperly grounded FUMES SUSPECTED HON. DOMINICK V. DANIELS Nehi soda machine, OSHA also uncovered an The crane operator (both his wife and his unsafe coffee pot on the premises, not to union requested anonymity) died last year of OF NEW JERSEY stomach cancer. His coworkers are convinced IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mention a hot plate and refrigerator. Chilton was fined $198. that his death was due to the fumes he wa.s Tuesday, March 30, 1976 Ralph Harrison promptly fixed the soda exposed to daily at his job. machine and coffee pot and hot plate and His employer does not think so. Therefore, Mr. DOMINICK V. DANIELS. Mr. refrigerator, and then appealed the citation his death-and many others like it--is not Speaker, today I wish to bring to the at­ because he did not want the company listed considered by OSHA as job-related. tention of my colleagues the third in a on the records as an unsafe place to work. In contrast to the death toll is OSHA's per­ series of articles prepared by the Phila­ OSHA responded by reducing the fine to $159. formance as an enforcement agency: delphia Inquirer on the issue of occupa­ The story of Ralph Harrison's Nehi ma­ OSHA's budget request for fiscal year 1976 chine is not unique. OSHA inspectors have is $116 million. In contrast, the military has tional disease. This particular article asked for $97 million just to advertise its re­ focuses on the role of the Occupational also: Fined a Bowling Green, Ky., lumber com­ cruiting programs. Safety and Health Administration in pany $100 for failing to post a sign explaining OSHA admits it is unable to determine the coming to grips with this national prob­ the benefits of OSHA coverage to employes. extent of occupational diseases and injuries lem. (The fine was later reduced to $1.) in this country, let alone what impact the Mr. Speaker, I would like to make some Fined a Los Angeles electrical contract­ agency has had in its five-year existence. qualifying remarks about this article. I ing company $600 for not grounding a truck By OSHA's own figures, an average of which touched a high voltage power line, eight days elapse between the time OSHA would hope that my colleagues will par­ inspectors uncover a hazardous situation in ticularly note the Inquirer's comments killing a worker. (The fine was later reduced to $300.) the workplace and the employer is cited for that the agency has been deliberately Fined an Atlanta, Ga., construction com­ the violation. underfunded, and that it has been used pany $800 for failing to cover a hole in the When an employe locates a safety hazard as a political tool by some members of roof of a new gymnasium, causing a worker in the workplace, it takes an average of nine the administration. These charges are to fall to his death. (The fine was later in­ days for an OSHA inspector to respond. It not new. They first appeared in a series creased to $900.) takes an average of 10 days for the inspec­ of articles in the Wall Street Journal last Meantime, workers at a western Pennsyl­ tor to investigate a health-hazard complaint. vania steel plant become concerned over a OSHA considers this a "significant" reduc­ summer. And, just recently, the Journal major outbreak of cancer among their col­ tion from the 1974 average of 13 days for a reported that similar political pressures leagues and asked for an OSHA inspector safety hazard and 17 days for a health are still being applied on OSHA. The to check the level of fumes in the air they hazard. New York Times even had a recent edi­ breathed for eight hours a day at the mill's Employers are routinely given 30 days to torial on the attempts being made by the melting operation. correct the violation, although abatement March 30, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8717 periods of up to two years have often been OSHA in the region including Illinois, Indi­ delphia. after being fired as OSHA chief in granted. In the future, according to OSHA, ana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio and Wiscon­ Ja.nuaa-y 1973, was made public during the any abatement periods over two years must sin were "serious" in nature. Yet in the Watergate investlgaltion. be approved by national OSHA officials. region including Alaska, Idaho, Oregon and Although there is some question as to In September 1974, the General Account­ Washington, "serious" Violations equaled 3.5 Whether the "responsiveness memo" was ever ing Office (GAO) at the request of the Sen­ percent of the citations. put Into effect, OSHA activity in the pe'l"iod ate subcommittee on labor issued a lengthy Not surprisingly, the Pacific Northwest has between June, when the memo was wril.tten, and critical survey of OSHA's performance, been one of the most vocal regions of the a.nd the November election includes the claiming among other things that the agen­ country in its opposition to OSHA. following: cy's enforcement was erratic and ineffectual. What then, has gone wrong with OSHA, July 7: The corutroversial standard sett ing The GAO also reported that almost 99 per­ the reform bill designed to guarantee the limilts on asbestos is issued by OSHA six cent of all citations issued by OSHA inspec­ American worker that his job will not sicken, months after it had been received from gov­ tors in one year, fiscal 1973, were categorized injure or kill him? ernment researchers. Despite warnings from ''non-serious." Although drafted with the health and safe­ scientists that the sta.nda.rd in ex.lstence at Even when OSHA inspectors investigated a ty of workers as its goal, OSHA was enacted the time posed an immediate death threat fatal accident during the same year, only 17 as a political issue and has remained tangled to thousands, OSHA gives industry four percent of the resulting violations were cate­ in politics ever since. years to comply. gorized "serious." The Nixon and Ford administration have July 28: OSHA revises its ice wa.te1' stand­ A "serious" offense, meaning that the purposely underfunded OSHA to make it a ard, permitting ice to be inCluded in drJnk~ probability of death or serious physical harm toothless tiger. Congress has failed to de­ ing water provided employes. exists, carries with it a maximum penalty o! mand that the agency assume the authority October 2: OSHA revises its standard per­ $10,000. A "non-serious" offense carries a it was provided. taining to the height of toilet stall parti­ maximum fine of $1,000. OSHA has been used to woo the votes of tions, no longer reqUJI.ring that they be at SMALL PENALTIES the American worker while at the same time least six feet high. it has been used to buy the gratitude of But OSHA inspectors have hardly been October 13: OSHA revises its standard per­ _ industry. taining to the sha.pe of to1le!l; seats in the levying the maximum penalties. When Richard Nixon signed OSHA into law The average OSHA fine is $25.87, accord­ workplace. After requiring all employers to on Dec. 29, 1970, he told the nation that the install horseshoe-shaped seats, OSHA changes ing to a recent survey of the agency con­ bill "attains the goal we all wanted to ducted by the Health Research Group, a its mind and drops the requ1rement thalli achieve." they have to be changed. Washington-based public-interest organi­ The mood that prevailed that day in Wash­ zation. ington quickly faded. It became apparent to GUARANTEED TERROR There are 1,211 OSHA inspectors responsi­ proponents of a strong occupational safety The encroachment of government into the ble for overseeing the nation's five million and health program that the administration area of occupational health and safety has workplaces. At that level of manpower, it of OSHA was going to be anything but always been an isSUe guaranteed to mobilize would take OSHA 100 years to visit every aggressive. industry. business and industry in the United States. Nixon recognized the political attraction of The first sweeping occupational safet y and When an OSHA inspector does arrive, he an occupational safety and health bill as heal•th bill was drafted in 1967 by the John­ brings with him a book of regulations hun­ early as 1968, when he was forging his "Silent son Administration, which had become con­ dreds of pages thick and a lot of latitude in Majority" coalition. Tak1ng the issue from cerned over inoreasing reports of disease and interpreting those regulations. Therein lies an uninterested Congress, he parlayed it into injury on the job. another problem. a major platform plank that drew support The bill gave the federal government the Some OSHA inspectors act as policemen. from many American workers. right to enter the workplace-now considered Others act as counselors. It all depends on The election won and OSHA enacted, the the major strength of OSHA----oa.nd shurt down who they are, and just as important, on White House was then faced with a law that opera.tions deemed haZial"dous. where they are. had parts of industry frightened. Although the bill would undel"'go major According to the GAO survey, inspectors POLITICAL USES reVisions before its passage in 1970, it was at the Atlanta regional OSHA office were told the first indication to industry thS!t the fed­ by their supervisor to emphasize correcting But the Nixon administration quickly eral governmerut was moVing in on its ex­ violations rather than fining employers. In­ calmed their fears and even turned OSHA clusive preserve. spectors at the Portland, Ore., office were into a poUtical asset. Industry did not yield easily. told by contrast, that companies will not On June 14, 1972-three days before five In April 1968, NatJ.on's Business, the maga­ comply with OSHA rules unless the laws are men were arrested inside the Democratic zine of the 4.75-million-member U.S. Cham~ strictly enforced and fines are levied. National Committee headquarters at Water­ ber CY! Commerce, published Sin article en~ The freedom to interpret the rules means gate-the assistant secretary of labor in titled "Life or Death for Your Business?" that what is a "serious" offense in one part charge of OSHA, George C. Guenther, drafted The article opened with a vignette de­ of the country is considered "non-serious" a memo aboUJt the role OSHA could play in signed to strike terror into the heart of in another. the corning presidential election. every businessman in the nation: Some of that disparity is caused by OSHA Guenther, a former Reading, Pa., hosiery "Imagine yourself sitting in your office a. inspectors who choose not to follow through executive, outlined a plan to win over indus­ few months from today. A young man barges with all the work that accompanies a "seri­ try votes and, presumably, campaign contri­ ln. You recognize him as a. man you once ous" violation, according to the GAO report. butions. The memo recommended that refused to hire. He had no education and no OSHA: INSPECTORS HESITANT potential talent you could use. His main ex­ Avoid implementing any controversial perience consisted of cashing welfare checks. "Interviews with inspectors have revealed standards that would upset industry. a tendency to classify citations as non-seri­ Accept applicants for OSHA jobs who were SUDDEN POWER ous violations which could have been other­ recommended by the Republican National "But he shows you he's now a representa­ wise cited as serious. The inspectors indi­ Committee and the Committee to Re-elect tive of the federal government--&n 'inspec­ cate ... this is done because of the extensive the President. tor' with the Department of Labor. amount of time and effort it takes to docu­ Offer special assistance, including addi­ "And he threatens to padlock your gates ment a serious citation. tional financial graruts, to safety and health and have you fined $1,000 a day if you don't "They (the inspectors) have exhibited officials in the 11 states considered crucial do as he says." such hesitation in the belief that a serious to the reelection effort. If industry's voice got a little shrill, it citation with a large penalty would most was due to a fear that the few voluntary likely be litigated, and cause additional The so-called "Guenther responsiveness standards that industry ha.d set for itself drain on their time." memo" concluded by notmg: "Whdle I ha.ve might be abolished in favor of stricter ones. OSHA responded to that GAO criticism by discussed . . . the great potential of OSHA As it turned out, that was a foolish worry. clarifying its position on the matter: as a sales point for fund raising and general With few exceptions, industry-set standards "Only the mere possib11ity of an accident supporrt; by employers, I do not believe the were adopted by OSHA and remain in effect occurring must be present if there is sub­ potenrtJal of this a.ppeal is fully recognized. today. stantial possib111ty that the resulting injury "Your suggestions as to how to promote An administration policy already in effect would be serious if the accident were in the advantages of four more years of prop­ when the Guenther responsiveness memo fact t9 occur. erly managed OSHA for use in the campaign was written, and one with a much greater "There is evidence," the OSHA response would be a.pprec.ia.rted." potential to weaken OSHA, is the require­ continued seriously, "that some field staff WATERGATE CONNECTION ment for an economic impact statement to have not fully understood this point." The memo by Guenther, Who served untdl accompany any new health and safety stand­ The GAO survey showed that only 0.3 per­ recently as a sendor vice president of the ard issued by OSHA. cent of more than 100,000 violations cited by Insura.nce Co. CYf North America in Phlla- The statements would apply to all regula- 8718 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 30, 1976

tions ". . . which could be expected to . . . standard will cost them," says Daniel H. TESTIMONY BY BEN APPELBAUM impose significant costs on, or negative bene­ Krivit, former counsel in the House Select Mr. Chairman and members of the Con­ fits to, non-federal sectors ...,"according to Labor Committee, which wrote much of the gressional Subcommittee on Labor, Health, George P. Shultz, director of the Office of OSHA legislation. Education and Welfare my name is Ben Ap­ Management and Budget and former secre­ "But h ow the hell does the worker go in pelbaum and I live at 9 Highview Court, tary of labor. and match (that with) pain and suffering? Closter, New Jersey. I am here today to ask In other words, the costs to industry are How does he measure a loss of hearing? How you to appropriate money for research into taken into consideration before any new does he put that in monetary figures? There's the cause and treatment of Amyot rophic regulation is considered. no way." Lateral Sclerosis which is hereafter referred A legal challenge to the economic impact The administration is not the only branch to as ALS. This little known disease kllled statements, filed by the AFL-CIO on the of the federal government to devise systems Lou Gehrig, the Iron Man of the New York ground that the Occupational Safety and to weaken OSHA. Congress also is trying. Yankees within 2 years after he contracted Health Act had no such provisions in it, Congress did not give the 1970 OSHA legis­ it. In the more than 30 years since Lou was rejected by a federal appeals court in lation much more than a once-over glance Gehrig died little progress has been made in Aprll 1974. when it was first proposed. That is due in determining the cause and cure of ALS. The ESCAPE CLAUSE part to the fact that everybody thought be­ primary reason for this is that the amount ot Critics of economic impact statements ing for health and safety-like being for money spent on ALS research has been mini­ cla.lm that they are merely a. means of let­ motherhood-was a good idea. mal. Last year our government and private ting industry off the hook. So, nobody really bothered to examine the foundations spent a. great deal more on A good example is the standard regulating act that gave the federal government broad Multiple Sclerosis research and on Muscular noise in the workplace. new powers. Dystrophy research than on ALS research. Currently, the ma.xtmum level of noise al­ "The Occupational Safety and Health b111 The rationale for this vast difference is dif· lowed in the workplace over a.n eight-hour was so far reaching and so sophisticated I ficult to comprehend for as many people get period is 90 decibels--the amount of noise wouldn't say there were six members of Con­ ALS every year as get Multiple Sclerosis and made by a jackhammer. gress who read that bill from cover to cover, many more people get ALS than get Muscular Approximately 16 million Americans work says Krivit, currently counsel to the House Dystrophy. Furthermore, while people with in jobs which are noisy enough to seriously committee on manpower, compensation, Multiple Sclerosis can live many years, ALS impair their hearing, according to federal health and safety. is a more devastating and fatal disease. Ap­ surveys. "That bill was a sleeper." proximately 50% of all ALS victims die with­ But hearing loss is not the only hazard ot CHANGES EVIDENT in 2 to 3 years and 90% die within 5 years. noise. Scientific studies have also attributed Things have changed considerably today. My wife Barbara, who is presently 34 years - heart disease, gastrointestinal disorders and , of a.ge became a victim of ALS approximately allergies to noisy jobs. There are a number of opponents of OSHA in Congress. Among the most outspoken are 5 Y:! years ago when she was 29 years old. There is a welder at the Philadelphia. Navy Barbara, who can no longer cut her own food, Yard who has worked for ten years inside Idaho Rep. Stephen D. Syrns, California Rep. John H. Rousselot, Tennessee Rep. Robin dress herself, write her own name, walk even ship holds where the noise levels are far in a few steps on her own and who bas difficulty excess of 90 decibels. As a result, he cannot Beard and lllinois Rep. Paul Findley. The opponents are so vocal that supporters making her speech understood is, believe it hear as well as he used to. or not, one of the fortunate victims of ALS. He also complains of the effects on his of OSHA have been afraid to introduce even minor amendments to the bill for fear that She is one of the lucky 10% who is living nerves of a normal working day: more than 5 years after the onset of the "When a man comes home from that job, opposition forces will unit and repeal the en­ disease. his wife should have the greatest and beauti­ tire legislation. A new recruit to the ranks _of OSHA oppo­ Our experience with ALS is fairly typical, fulest smile for her man because he just left and may give you some insight as to why so hell." nents is President Ford, who recently criti­ cized OSHA, along with the Env,ironmental little has been accomplished in this area. Labor and environmental groups have been When Barbara began to drag her right foot, lobbying OSHA for several years to lower the Protection Agency and the Food and Drug Administration, as interfering with business we visited a. local neurologist who diagnosed noise standard to 85 decibels--the standard Barbara's condition as Multiple Sclerosis. A set by the Environmental Protection Agency while having an "insubstantial impact" in the areas they are expected to oversee. second neurologist concurred. This some­ for non-worksites. times happens because initial symptoms of Industry, in response, prepared a financial "The first time around, the opponents of OSHA dropped the ball," says Krivit. "This ALS can be similar to Multiple Sclerosis, and analysis of such a reduction, placing the cost because ISO few physicians know very much at $30 billion. time, they wouldn't. If that bill came back up for a vote now, it wouldn't pass." about ALS. When Barbara's condition began FORD'S OPPOSITION to deteriorate fairly rapidly many of the Although a.n OSHA-sponsored survey esti­ neurological tests were redone, and the diag­ mated the cost at 15 percent of that-$4.6 nosis was changed to ALS. We were told billion-President Ford, in a speech to the Barbara had from 6 months to 2 years to U.S. Chamber of Commerce last year, relied live. Therefore, we went to Barbara's cousin on industry's estimates when he asked: " ... LOU GEHRIG'S DISEASE: A NEW PRIORITY a neurologist at Massachusetts General Hos­ Is it worth as much as $30 billion a year of pital, who unfortunately confirmed t~e consumer's dollars to reduce the level of above. Not satisfied we went to New York noise exposure by approximately five deci­ Neurological Institute in Manhattan but bels?" HON. STEPHEN J. SOLARZ the information we received there was most A reduction of five decibels would cut the OF NEW YORK horrifying of all. Not only did they confirm noise level by more than half. the diagnosis but they knew of no research The noise standard remains at 90 deci­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES at all in the country that could be helpful. bels--a level that could result in hearing Tuesday, March 30, 1976 Needless to say we were crushed. I was told losses among 20 percent of the workers ex­ to take Barbara home, keep her comfortable posed to that amount of noise. Mr. SOLARZ. Mr. Speaker, today I and be very kind to her because although she Dr. Samuel S. Epstein, a.n occupational had the honor of testifying before the would quickly loose her abil1ty to walk, talk, health expert from Cleveland, recalls a lunch­ Appropriations Labor-Health, Education write, swallow and breathe her mind would eon conversation with a corporate execu­ and Welfare Subcommittee, chaired by remain sharp and she would always be aware tive concerning the demands for lower noise our distinguished colleague Congressman of every horrible thing that was happening levels. to her. "I don't know why you are pushing this," DAN FLOOD. A short time later and quite by accident Epstein recalls the executive saying. "The The testimony I presented involves I read a human interest story in our local only thing it will mean is that 20 years from funding levels that the National Institute paper about Dr. Forbes Norris of San Fra.n­ now the worker won't be able to enjoy Vi· of Health provides to the basic and ap­ cisco, California who had a cUnical research aldi as much as you or I." plied research of a little known but com­ program for ALS patients. Although our In addition to economic impact state­ mon and deadly disease called, amyo­ neurologists had no suggested treatment for ments, OSHA standards now must also in­ trophic lateral sclerosis. Barbara they were adamantly against our clude infiationary L."llpact statements. OSHA going to Dr. Norris. They told us that the estimates that approximately half of the 24 I am appending my remarks along with disease was so devastating and so little was standards currently under consideration will the testimony of Dr. Daniel Drachman, known about it, that it would be a waste require such statements-thereby delaying a professor of neurology at Johns Hop- of money to make the trip and would un­ even longer enactment of new regulations. kins and Benjamin Appelbaum, the hus­ realistically raise our hopes. But we felt we ECONOMIC PROBLEM band of an ALS victim and a leading ad­ had little choice and no other hope so we "The problem we face is that business can vocate and fundraiser for ALS research. went to Dr. Norris and have been visiting measure in dollars and cents what each The articles follow: him 4 times a. year in San Francisco so that March 30, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8719 Barbara could be part of his research pro­ gets little funding. Therefore, despite the ex­ disease may reach a plateau lasting for many gram. We are fortunate that we have been cellent intentions, fine background, a.nd high years. This possibility affords at least some able to afford the various aspects of Barbara's intelligence of all of the members of the Na­ hope for victims of the disease. treatment which includes 4 trips per year tional Advisory Council, ALS is largely WHAT CAN BE DONE FOR PATIENTS WITH ALS? to California, physical therapy, dally swim­ ignored. At present, there is neither a cure nor ming as well as a full-time household em­ RECOMMENDATIONS any specific treatment for ALS. A great many ployee. However, the cost have been stagger­ After investigating this problem thorough­ therapeutic agents have been tried em­ ing as has been the loss of income from ly for the past few years, I firmly believe that pirically, but none presently available give Barbara's former teaching position as As­ the only way any significant amount of re­ any real promise of success. Antiviral agents, sistant Professor of Education at Fairleigh search ca.n be instituted is if Congress man­ vitamin and nutritional therapy, cortisone­ Dickinson University. dates a specific amount of money to be spent like drugs, and many others have all been OUR INVESTIGATION AND CONCLUSIONS on ALS research alone. For all of the reasons tried. In the Soviet Union, a combination of Because Barbara and I found it difficult stated above a.n increased appropriation for 17 different substances are given by mouth to bel1eve that a disease that affected so the NINCDS without a specific amount set and by injection. many people in such a devastating way re­ aside for ALS will do no good. I respectfully At present, medical therapy is limited to ceived so Uttle public attention and so little suggest that a.ny recommendation by your the judicious use of supportive measures private and federal research funds, it became committee that falls short of a direct au­ including physiotherapy and certain drugs a cause of ours. I contacted families of other thorization for ALS research is a signal to which may be of temporary benefit. ALS patients and their families that Con­ ALS patients, physicians, neurologists, plus WHAT IS THE CAUSE OF ALS? the Multiple Sclerosis Society, the Muscular gress will join all the other groups men­ Dystrophy Association, the few fledgling ALS tioned above in neglecting the truly helpless The cause of ALS is not yet known. Sev­ foundations and any one at the National a.nd tragic victims of this disease. I there­ eral possibilities are currently under study. Institute of Neurological and Communicative fore urge, implore, and plead with you to For example, ALS may be due to a "slow Disorders and Stroke who would answer my allocate an additional $3,000,000 annually virus", which may damage the motor nerve letters or telephone calls. specifically for research into the cause, pre­ cells directly or indirectly. Genetic factors vention and treatment of ALS. may be important in susceptibil1ty to the The conclusions that I have drawn from How could a country like ours let more disease. In Guam, for instance, 10% of the my personal investigation are as follows: than 30 years go by without making a major native population dies of ALS. Abnormalities 1. Most of the medical profession a.nd attempt to study this disease? Isn't it sad of the immune system or nutritional dis­ scientific community believes that little or that we are at the same place now that we orders have also been studied in relation nothing can be done for victims of ALS. Few were 30 years ago and that a person getting toALS. researchers are interested in ALS, and very ALS has no better chance than Lou Gehrig WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE? little money is being spent on research. did. Please allow me to tell Barbara. and other Research will inevitably provide the cri­ 2. The various private ALS foundations ALS victims that Congress will take some tical understanding of the problems of ALS have been able to raise and spend very little positive action this year to change this de­ and other neuromuscular diseases. The most thus far. The largest amount was approxi­ plorable a.nd tragic situation. rapid advances may come from basic or mately $40,000 this past year by the ALS applied research: both kinds of research Foundation located in California. I am afraid CURRENT STATUS OF AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL have recently yielded important dividends that in the future these foundations will not ScLEROSIS in our understanding and treatment of other be able to do much better because they are (By Daniel B. Drachman) neurological disorders. For example, only a lacking a critical ingredient that has been Amyotropic Lateral Sclerosis ( ALS) is a few years ago little was known about the responsible for the success of foundations progressive neuromuscular disease of adults cause and treatment of myasthenia gravis, concerned with other diseases. ALS victims do that causes weakness and paralysis. It not live long enough ·for the relatives and another nueromuscular disease (perhaps friends to have a continuing reason to per­ gradually destroys the motor nerve cells in best known because Aristotle Onassis the spinal cord and brain, resulting in loss suffered from it). Research in our labora­ petuate a foundation that will sponsor re­ of control of the muscles, and eventually search. ALS acts so quickly a.nd so massively tory and others has provided us with a that it not only destroys its victims but muscle atrophy. The motor nerve cells in the clear concept of the basic abnormality in debilitates the relatives and friends as well. spinal cord are the same cells that may be myasthenia gravis and far more effective attacked by the virus of poliomyelitis. 3. The National Institute of Neurological methods of treatment. Communicative Disorders and Strokes here­ WHO IS AFFECTED BY ALS? Similarly research has led to greater after referred to as NINCDS claims that it Approximately 15,000 Americans are pre­ understanding of and better treatments for spent a total of $293,718 in 1974 and $813,557 sently affiicted with ALS. Estimates of the Parkinson's disease. I have no doubt that ALS will eventually be overcome by con­ in 1975 for ALS research. My own investiga­ incidence range from 3,000 to 5,000 new cases tions lead me to the conclusion that although per year, only slightly below the incidence tinued and increased research efforts. these figures may be technically correct, their of multiple sclerosis. One death per thou­ ALS impact on is greatly exaggerated. Sev­ sand is due to ALS. TESTIMONY OF HONORABLE STEPHEN J. SOLARZ, eral of the grants that come within these ALS affects adults above the age of 35, BEFORE THE LABOR-HEALTH, EDUCATION AND totals may be primarily concerned with men more commonly than women (in a WELFARE SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE HOUSE AP­ Parkinson's Disease or Multiple Sclerosis. ratio of 3 :2). Lou Gehrig died of ALS. So PROPRIATIONS COMMITTEE. MARCH 30, 1976 Furthermore, many of the research projects did Ezzard Charles, the boxer; Dmitri that are supposed to deal mainly with ALS Shostakovich, the composer; and Bronson Mr. Chairman, I greatly appreciate this deal with a form of the disease found on the opportunity to testify today before this dis­ Crothers, Professor of Child Neurology at tinguished subcommittee. I am aware that pacific island of Guam. This research may or Harvard. may not be relev

1976 2d budget 1976 current level ------~ ---­ 1976 2d budget 1976 current level resolution (Mar. 25, 1976) Amount remaining resolution (Mar. 25, 1976) Amount remaining

Bud~et Budget Bud~et Bud~et Bud~et Bud~et Function authonty Outlays authority Outlays authonty I Outlays Function authonty Outlays authonty Outlays authonty Outlays Income security ______050 National defense ______101, 000 91 , 900 99,866 92,071 -1,134 +171 600 137, 500 128,200 138, 373 127, 661 +873 -539 700 Veterans benefits and 150 International affairs ___ 6, 000 4, 900 3, 979 4, 996 -2,021 +96 services ______250 General science, space, 19,900 19, 100 19, 739 18,916 -161 -184 -55 -22 750 Law enforcement and and technology ______4, 700 4,600 4, 645 4, 578 justice. ______300 Natural resources, en- 3, 300 3, 400 3, 265 3, 404 -35 +4 vironment, and 800 General eovernmenL __ 3,300 3, 300 3, 537 3, 519 +237 +219 energy ______18,700 11,400 18,179 11,349 -521 -51 850 Revenue sharing and 350 Agriculture ______4,100 2,600 4,127 2, 966 +27 +366 general purpose 400 Commerce and trans- fiscal assistance. ____ 7, 300 7, 300 9, 510 7, 141 +2. 210 -159 portation ______16,208 17,504 -2,792 -796 900 I nteresL ______------35,400 35, 400 34, 635 34, 635 -765 -765 19,000 18, 300 Allowances ______450 Community and regi- 500 800 ------500 -800 onal development_ __ 9, 500 7, 000 5, 559 5, 903 -3,941 -1,097 950 Undistributed offset- ting receipts ______-17,100 500 Education, training, -17, 100 -14, 885 -14,885 +2. 215 +2. 215 employment, and soc tal services. _____ 21, 300 20,900 18,548 18,992 -2,752 -1, TotaL •• _____ --__ 408,000 374, 9oo 398,540 .m. 411 -9,460 -3,489 550 Health_ ------33, 600 32, 900 33,258 32,661 -342 -239

Note: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. CoNGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE, The attached table provides supporting detail for this latest tabulation of current Budget Washington, D.C., March 26, 1976. authority Outlays Hon. BROCK ADAMS, budget levels. I am also attaching a copy of Budget, our latest staff working paper on 1976 con­ Chairman, Committee on the u.s. Labor-HEW items not con- sidered ______House of Representatives, Washington, gressional budget scorekeeping which pro­ 708 197 D.C. vides additional details on the comprehen­ sive budget reestimates that are incorporated Subtotal, continuing resolu- DEAR MR. CHAmMAN: Pursuant to section tion authority ______4,147 1, 882 308 (b) and in aid of section 311 (b) of the in the above tabulation. Sincerely, Congressional Budget Act, this letter and IV. Cob~~he~~~s~~~eements ratified by supporting detail provide an up-to-date tab­ ALICE M. RIVLIN, Director. 3d Budget Rescission bill, 1976 ulation of the current levels of new budget (H.R 11665) ______-71 -5 authority, estimated outlays and estimated Social services-increase fund­ PARLIAMENTARIAN STATUS REPORT, SUPPORTING DETAIL ing for child care services revenues in comparison with the appropriate (H.R. 9083) ______levels for these items contained in the most FISCAL 1976, AS OF CLOSE OF BUSINESS MAR. 25, 1976 62 62 Sup~le!f!ental Railroad Appro­ recently agreed to concurrent resolution of pnatiOn, 1976 (H.J. Res. 801)_ 587 545 the 1976 budget. This tabulation is a.s of [In millions of dollars[ Subtotal, conference agree- close of business March 25, 1976, and in­ ments _____ ------____ _ corporates ( 1) actions taken by the Congress 578 602 Budget on March 25 and (2) the effects of compre­ authority Outlays Total, current level, as of hensive reestimates for fiscal 1976 budget Mar. 25,1976 ______398,540 371,411 authority and outlay levels based on our 2d concurrent resolution ______408,000 374,900 analysis of the President's 1977 budget and I. Enacted: other recent information on spending levels. Permanent appropriations and Amount remaining : ======The tabulation does not include any reesti­ trust funds______196,578 182,992 sv~r ceili.n_g __ ------mate of revenues. We are reviewing 1976 reve­ Previously enacted appropria- n er ceiling______9, 460 3, 489 tions and other spending au- nue estimates in light of the current eco­ thority______117,425 136,509 nomic outlook and any appropriate reesti­ Offsetting receipts ______-53, 881 -53, 881 TO ESTABLISH A BUREAU OF mates will be included in subsequent reports. Enacted this session: Appropriation legislation: AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS The principal changes from my report for Defense (Public Law close of business March 24 are as follows: 94-212)______90,467 64,704 [In millions of dollars] Labor, Health, Educa- HON. JOSEPH G. MINISH tion, and Welfare Budget (Public Law 94-206)_ 36, 074 30, 721 OF NEW JERSEY authority Outlays Legislative Branch IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1. New congressional ac­ supplemental 1976 (Publiclaw94-226). 33 ------tion: Supplemental Rescission I deferral Tuesday, March 30, 1976 railroad appropria­ legislation: Deferral Mr. MINISH. Mr. Speaker, I was proud tion (H.J. Res. 801) resolutions (H. Res. 1058, S. Res. 366, last week to join my distinguished col­ conference agreement 385, and 388)______16 ratified by both league from Massachusetts PANAMA CANAL PROBLEM create a further disenchantment among ballot to postal patrons who regularly rural postal patrons in this country as use such a postal facility, in which that they view a deterioration of service. facility has been proposed for a change HON. HENRY A. WAXMAN It is imperative for a nation as well in postal service. OF CALlFOBNIA advanced as we are in so many areas of The ballot distributed shall give the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES technological and human achievement person receiving such ballot an oppor­ Tuesday, March 30, 1976 to develop a more effective and efficient tunity to approve or disapprove the postal system. The task will be challeng­ change in postal service, which is pro­ Mr. WAXMAN. Mr. Speaker, the ques­ ing and extremely dimcult. However, this posed, and also designate any alterna­ tion of future control over the Panama country has ably demonstrated its ability tive means by which the post office fa­ Canal remains an unresolved and poten­ to confront any task successfully. cility involved may provide such postal tially explosive foreign policy problem for The criteria for closing these post of­ services. the United States. At stake are funda­ fices have been very dimcult to ascer­ Any ballot which has been distributed mental questions regarding the security tain. We have seen revisions of what are shall be returned to the postal facility of the United States, domestic and inter­ supposed to be standard and permanent involved by the person receiving such national commerce, and, by implication, guidelines concerning the Postal Service ballot, no later than 10 days after re­ our relations with developing nations. and closures. We have been told that ceipt of such ballot. All ballots received For a variety of reasons, our negotiations economic reasons will not be the sole after this time period shall not be tabu­ with Panama have unfortunately become reason for closure, and each post office lated. The postmaster of such facility enveloped in an emotional atmosphere will be handled separately regarding shall certify the results of any balloting which has had a chilling effect on a rea­ unique circumstances. to the U.S. Postal Service. soned evaluation of what a new treaty Unfortunately, there have been several The U.S. Postal Service· may not should provide. The result has been a vir­ indications that economic viability has, make the proposed change in postal tual halt in progress in concluding a new indeed, been a prime concern within the service unless such a change is approved agreement, to the detriment of our rela­ postal system, thus resulting in serious by a majority of the persons receiving tions with Panama and a satisfactory consequences for many rural postal pa­ ballot. resolution of the issues involved. trons. It is very inequitable for a small The content of this bill follows: Mr. Godfrey Harris, a noted interna­ portion of society to have to bear this H.R. 12864 tional relations consultant who has been reduction in service under the guise of A bill to amend title 39, United States Code, advising the Government of Panama dur­ savings, thus penalizing people merely to provide that the nature of services pro­ ing the treaty negotiations, has written because of where they reside. vided by any post office facUlty may not be a thoughtful article on the current sta­ The postal system policy regarding changed without the approval of a ma­ tus of the Panama Canal talks for the closure of an office is to provide equal jority of the patrons of the fac111ty, and newsletter Vital Issues. I believe his per­ or better service than is currently estab­ for other purposes spective is a useful one, and commend lished. The alternative methods would be Be it enacted by the Senate and House of the article to the attention of my col­ either the establishment of a community _ Representatives of the United States of leagues: America in Congress assembled, That sub­ THE PANAMA CANAL PROBLEM post office or rural box delivery. How­ chapter IV of chapter 36 a! title 39, United ever, the mechanisms used to rectify States Code, is amended by adding at the (By Godfrey Harris) those closures are still quite vague. end thereof the following new section: The future of the Panama Canal has again Therefore, there is a justifiable fear "§ 3663. Changes in services at post omce fa­ become more a matter of domestic politics among local citizens that alternative cUlties than international policy; more an ·item to service could be inferior to that which "(a) The Postal Service may not change be negotiated with members of Congress than they now receive. the nature of postal services provided by any with representatives of Panama; more mired post office facUlty unless such change is ap­ in an era gone by than a beacon of an era The postal system has also allowed for yet to come. It is an issue, in short, of his­ input from the citizens a1Iected by these proved by persons using such fac111ty in ac­ cordance with subsection (b). torical complexity and considerable danger. closures. However, the procedures for ex­ About a year ago, US/Panamanian. agree­ " (b) ( 1) In any case in which the Postal pressing their concerns are vague, and Service proposes to change the nature of ment on a new treaty-to govern jurisdic­ the impact these citizens will have on postal services provided by any post office tion of the 500 square mlle Canal Zone and the closure policy must be more clearly facUlty, the postmaster of such fac1Uty shall the operation of the interoceanic waterway enunciated. which bisects it--seemed imminent. Both distribute a ballot to persons who regularly governments were at last well into grappling I have introduced a bill to give the use the postal services provided by such with the details of the key points of conten­ people the choice now denied them. Local fac1lity. tion: How the United States would relin­ patrons of each post office shall have the "(2) Any ballot which is distributed under quish sole control of the facUlty and how paragraph ( 1) shall give the person receiving right to decide the status of their post Panama would share in its single most im­ to such ballot an opportunity teration the post office which proposed change in postal services unless jurisdiction of the Zone and operation of serves them. such change is approved. by a majority of the the Canal has long been clearly established In any event, the people, under this persons receiving a ballot with respect to in Panama, 1t has been virtually ignored 1n proposal, have the opportunity to join such proposed change under paragraph ( 1) .". the United States. Put another way, what With their appointed public omclals in SEc. 2. The table of sections for subchapter appear to nearly all Panamanians as emi- March 30,1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8727 nently logical and important adjustments in ment was capable of completing the project, U.S. legal standards--are taken before Amer­ the current relationship between the two and in so doing, would save France from the ican-style courts to be tried in English before countries remain somewhat mysterious and stigma of failure and French investors from juries on which only American citizens serve. minor technalities to most Americans. As a the devastation of financial loss. Despite the fact that the Zone looks and result, a fundamental prerequisite for any With these thoughts in mind, Buneau­ feels like many suburban American towns, type of change--popular understanding and Varilla set out to make an offer the U.S. the Zone itself is operated very much like a general acceptance of the necessity for couldn't refuse. The agreement-which Sec­ military base. As such, it lacks four attributes change--is not yet evident in the U.S. half retary of State Hay was later to characterize of nearly every other American community: of the canal negotiations. It would seem that as " ... a Treaty vastly advantageous to the it has no local taxation of any kind, it has no until the people of both countries come to United States, and we must confess, not so voting or community control over how it is see the matter from the same relative per­ advantageous to Pana.ma"--did indeed give governed, It has no private ownership of spective, no mutually acceptable resolution the U.S. more than it could refuse. property, and it has no welfare rolls. of the jurisdictional dispute is possible and It has also formed the basis for the ensuing The Zone, in short, is a self-contained com­ continuing confrontation is inevitable. years of disagreement. Most of the problems pany town where traditional American demo­ It is this threat of escalating confronta­ are found in Articles II and III of the Hay 1 cracy has never been practised. (The U.S. tion which looms before both the United Buneau-Varilla Treaty of 1903: Army Corps of Engineers has selected the States and Panama: Article II: The Republic of Panama grants Zone's Governor from its ranks since 1912 The chance of some precipitous act of de­ to the United States in perpetuity the use, and the Corps has run the Canal's opera­ struction in the Canal or some hostile event occupation and control of a zone of land tions, subject only of late to the guidance of in the Zone increase as Panamanian frus­ and land under water for the construction, a presidentially appointed Board of Directors, tration over further delays continues to maintenance, operation, sanitation and pro­ since it opened in 1914.) Most Zonians seem build. tection of said Canal of the width of ten to have no objection to this arrangement; Any act of Pa.nama.nlan militancy is likely miles .. . few, in fact have even noticed that they live to be met again--.a.s it has been met in the Article III: The Republic of Panama grants under a classic form of dictatorship. past-with equal American militancy. Are­ to the United States all the rights, power Some stateside Americans, however, have newed testing of forces can at best produce and authority within the Zone ... which recently become conscious of the extraor­ severe political tension; at worst, another the United States would possess and exercise dinary life style of the Zonians. They have. round of bloodshed. if it were the sovereign of the territory ... discovered, for example, that their fellow If a testing comes, United States leader­ to the entire exclusion of the exercise by the citizens in the Zone are entitled to a total of ship within the hemisphere wlll very likely Republic of Panama of any such sovereign 9 weeks annual leave, free biennial trips to regress to the detriment of our other goals rights, power or authority. the U.S., and a bonus on annual salary and in the region and beyond. The gulf between The precise words of the Treaty are impor­ retirement benefits of 15 %. One recent study the official U.S. posi.tion on Canal matters and tant, because they have been the subject submitted to the House Subcommittee on the its practical actions to date have bothered of considerable contention and the cause of Panama Canal suggested that American tax­ even the most tolerant of the area's govern­ much misunderstanding. Panama, it should payers are actually footing the bill for most ments. be noted, only granted use of the land for a of these extra costs. They are funded through To approach the possible options available Canal; it did not sell, deed, or otherwise the Canal tolls which are spent in the Zone to both sides to avoid a serious confronta­ transfer ownership of that land and it lim­ before they have a chance to reach the U.S. tion requires some understanding of how we ited the use of the grant to activities con­ Treasury, through direct Congressional ap­ have arrived at the current impasse. It is nected directly to the proposed waterway. propriations for various capital expenses, and with this purpose in mind that a brief re­ The United States, however, was given its through military and other agency budgets view of the history of the Canal seems in right of use forever ("in perpetuity"). More­ which support the many special services to order. over, since the U.S. was awarded control of be found in the Zone. As a natural link between the two great the land as "if it were the sovereign", it was Panamanian reaction to all of this luxury masses and two immense bodies of water, the left to the U.S. alone to determine whether is mixed. They don't so much begrudge the Isthmus of Panama has played an important its activities in the Zone were in conformity Zonians what they have-as do some Ameri­ role in international commerce for hundreds with this right. cans; rather, Panamanians lament more their of years before the Canal was constructed. The U.S., quite naturally, chose to inter­ exclusion from the benefits of their own ter­ The earliest inhabitants of the Isthmus, for pret the provisions of the Treaty very broadly. ritory that the U.S. system in the Zone im­ example, are known to have been involved Despite Panama's objections, It is still doing plies. Before the Canal, Panamanians played in trade and communications bP.tween the so. Such is the total control of the U.S. with­ a crucial part in the numerous transship­ great Central and South American civlliza­ in the Zone, that today: ment services and related activities on the tions. Later, mule tra.lns crossed and re­ SOme 10,000 U.S. troops are housed on 14 Isthmus. With the opening of the Canal, the crossed the narrow land to transport New mllitary bases in an area half the size of U.S. Government and their citizens began World treasure to Europe and Spanish-con­ Rhode Island. Many Americans believe that providing all of these services. Even since, trolled goods to the Americas. In ·1855, the the continuing presence of these troops and Panamanians have felt deprived of the full first transcontinental railroad provided a their equipment are sanctioned by the U.S. role that geography and nature had provided favorite route between America's Eastern right to defend the Canal. To Panamanians, their country. While the revenue Panama re­ cities and California's gold fields. the world wide defense interests of the U.S. ceives directly from the Zone is small (about The decision to build an uninterrupte:l (the mission which concerns some 70% of $2.6 million per annum against total Danai waterway through the Isthmus was not only the troops) go far beyond the immediate de­ income of $280 million) • Panamanians say a dream dating back to the final voyage of fense of the waterway sanctioned by the that additional payments could not adequate­ Columbus, but also a logical extension of this Treaty. ly compensate them for something as in­ historic activity. The first to seriously at­ Some 30,000 other people, mostly Ameri­ tangible as their loss of pride. In short, it is tempt the task was a French private com­ can, live permanently in the Zone and are a full sense of dignity which Panamanians pany operating in the 1880s. It failed-gen­ provided with a dazzling array of facllities feel they lack, which Americans appear not to erally because the project was stubbornly and services by the U.S. Government through understand, and which American jurisdic­ seen by its manager, Ferdinand de Lesseps, its Federal agencies, its wholly-owned Pan­ tion of the Canal Zone prevents them from as no more complicated than the construc­ ama Canal Company, and Its wholly-con­ fully regaining. tion of the sea level Suez Canal he had suc­ trolled canal ZOne Government. Among these But the U.S. Government's task of meet­ cessfully accomplished. facilities and services are: 26 schools, 8 ing Panamanian desires to reclaim control When factors of the Colombian Govern­ swimming pools, 10 fire stations, 18 post over their territory, to share in the opera­ ment thought they could do better than ac­ omces, a 6 branch library system, 5 youth tion of the waterway, and to limit its non­ cept what the U.S. was then offering for the centers, 4 hospitals, 2 a.nlmal pounds, a cre­ Canal defense interests, is far from simple. rights to succeed to the French endeavors, a matorium, a plant nursery, a milk and ice Any treaty agreed to by the negotla.tors must group of Panamanian leaders decided to act cream plant, 6 gasoline stations, 2 bowling be submitted to a ratification process in both for their own account to insure that the centers, 9 theaters, 2,500 public housing countries. American negotiators are search­ Canal project would continue. These Pana­ units, and 33 socla.l clubs including 5 golf ing for an agreement which will survive Sen­ ma.nlans, conscious that their country had clubs, 6 yacht clubs, and 6 saddle clubs. All ate review-where 67 Senators must approve. previously been an independent state, deter­ of this and a lot more is provided to insure Moreover, since a new treaty will involve the mined to declare their nation's independence that American personnel connected with the transfer of U.S.-owned property, under Arti­ once aagin. With the help of the u.s. Navy operation of the Canal and the Zone are cle IV of the U.s. Constitution a majority of and the private U.S. interests controll1ng the sufticiently contented. the House of Representatives must also as­ railroad, independence from Colombia was To insure that the Zonal community is sent to the terms of the agreement. assured. sufficiently peaceful, the U.S. has also pro­ The same treaty must also, of course, be Within days of the 1903 declaration, de vided a 263-man pollee force, a two-tier court submitted for ratification in Panama. Under Lesseps' former chief engineer arrived in the system, complete with U.S. marshals, U.S. Panama's Constitution, a plebescite among U.S. capital empowered by Panama's new attorneys, magistrates anq judges. Panaman­ that country's entire citizenry is involved. government to conclude a Canal treaty with ians passing through the Zone and suspected What might thoroughly satisfy major ele­ the U.S. This Frenchman, Philippe Buneau­ of an infraction of Zonian laws--laws en­ ments of the U.S. Congress is almost certain Varllla, belteved that only the U.S. Govern- acted by the U.S. Congress on the basis of to dissatisfy substantial numbers of voters in 8728 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 30, 1976

Panama. On the other hand, if Panama were project to be built in the U.S. There aren't I think it is an extremely fitting tribute to get all that its various interests have sug­ any votes as yet for liberal Congressmen on to a man who has devoted many, many gested, the U.S. Congress would surely object. the Canal issue, but there are lots of potential years of service to this Nation, both as a votes in major Federal construction projects The negotiations, then, have been targeted soldier during World War I and a on reaching the best possible compromises to within a local district. as capture the broadest possible agreement in The result of the unusual alliances, re­ Member of Congress since January 1953. both countries. Unfortunately, most U.S. inforced by the activities of a strong Con­ Further, as a Member of Congress, Mr. groups have yet to focus on the problem in gressional lobbying effort supported by HALEY spent many, many years as a the same way that Panamanian interests Americans working in the Zone, has made member of the House Oommittee on Vet­ have. Those Americans that have involved the question , of the Panama Canal more a erans' Affairs. As such he is, in great themselves have been the ones most opposed matter of domestic politics than foreign pol­ part, responsible for the very hospital we to the official u.s. negotiating position. The icy. Even President Ford's own quest for now seek to have named in his honor. bulk of Americans who might accept anum­ nomination and election in 1976 has caused ber of compromises satisfactory to the major­ him to be cautious on this issue. With seem­ Mr. Speaker, I can honestly say I know ity of Panamanians haven't been involved, ingly little to be gained by a positive and of no man more deserving of the honor haven't cared, or have apparently accepted at bold stance on the Panama Canal-and with of having a Veterans' Administration face value the arguments of those who have potentially much to be lost among those hospital named for him than my good been least inclined to give up anything. conservative voters who consider the Canal friend and Florida's most distinguished The United States as a society is so far a proud American achievement, paid for Congressman from Sarasota, the Honor­ from grappling with the essence of the dis­ with American dollars, operated efficiently able JAMES A. HALEY. pute that even the most basic issues have yet for world commerce, and vital to U.S. de­ to be searchingly debated. Among these is­ fense needs-President Ford has apparently sues are: slowed the negotiations to a virtual halt until To what extent is the overall security of the campaign is finished. IT IS ONLY FAIR the United States really dependent on the WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE? Panama Canal being totally controlled by Given this confluence of American inter­ the U.S. Government? ests which supports the status quo and yet To what extent is current U.S. inter-coastal HON. WILLIAM C. WAMPLER conscious of the pressures on Panama, where OF VIRGINIA domestic commerce or its international trad­ do we go? How is this problem to be resolved? ing relationships dependent on the continu­ It would seem to some that changes in the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing employment of Americans currently in Zone are almost inevitable-not only because Tuesday, March 30, 1976 the Zone and on the current toll rates of the they are in a direction the world has moved Canal? for the past 30 years, but because the Canal Mr. WAMPLER. Mr. Speaker, at this Does U.S. maintenance of a subsidized co­ itself is essentially defenseless and may soon time of year, as April 15 approaches, lonial enclave in Panama vitiate our moral be economically obsolete without major many of us are struggling with our in­ standing in the world on other issues or in­ structural changes. validate our long professed abhorrence of come tax returns. It is with a genuine If the United States is to be on the forward sigh of relief that we finally sign, seal colonies controlled by others elsewhere? edge of inevitab111ty, rather than dragged The fact that these basic issues have yet into it by circumstances, it would seem that and mail that annual return, with a to be addressed by the American people in it must avoid a serious confrontation with check attached, or a request for a re­ any kind of systematic way attests to the Panama. In this regard, also, we must be fund, as fate would decree. protency of the domestic political alliances conscious of the fact that disputes between Much to their chagrin, many tax­ which have grown up around the question of little nations and the superpowers have had payers find, that in spite of their best the future of the Panama Canal. These in­ a tendency to escalate beyond their original efforts, they become involved in dis­ formal alliances-among leaders of generally dimensions while endangering potentially opposite philosophical viewpoints-have more vital interests in the process. Nor can putes with the Internal Revenue Service, seemed t o limit the debate. Without it, an we forget that in the arsenals of the present and are hauled into court to defend their American consensus on the form or pace of day, conventional military activities may be position, right or wrong. Even if they win change may never arise. the last means chosen by a smaller country in court, they must pay heavy legal fees. One of these unusual alliances has been to engage in a debilitating, costly, and un­ My friend and colleague, the honor­ formed among some philosophically liberal happy struggle with the U.S. able JAMES H. QuiLLEN, of Tennessee, and conservative members of Congress. Amer­ To move this problem once again toward has introduced legislation to compel the ican liberals have long tended to support the a mutually acceptable resolution, it would Government to pay the legal fees of tax­ aspirations of organized labor. In the Zone, seem, requires that the future of the Pan­ ama Canal be put high on America's national payers who win tax cases against the the work force is heavily unionized by AFL­ Internal Revenue Service. CIO affiliates and fearful that any alteration agenda. The basic issues must be openly de­ in U.S. control will mean substitution of bated and the options for solution carefully The Bristol Herald Courier, a fine Panamanian labor in jobs now held by Ameri­ considered. This means that each of us must newspaper which services both my dis­ can citizens. Most of these liberals, who begin to ask candidates to express them­ trict in Virginia, and Congressman otherwise have opposed colonialism as wen· selves on the subject, that reporters must QuiLLEN's district in Tennessee, ha.s as U.S. intervention in other countries, have probe the bas.is for 'a candidate's position, and heartily endorsed the Quillen legislation that the communications media must give not publicly analyzed this assumption; con­ in an editorial published Sunday, March servatives, on the other hand, seldom find thorough exposure to the essential facts of the dispute. 28, 1976. I agree with the editor that "It issues on which to side with organized labor. Is Only Fair," and commend the edi­ In the matter of the Panama Canal, however, Once the hard questions are asked and conservative interests. who are generally in­ once the answers begin to be analyzed, a new torial to every Member of this body. Mr. clined to support the status quo anyway, definition of America's real and continuing Speaker, I include the article from the . national interest in the Canal should arise. Bristol Herald Courier as part of my re­ can also back labor without fear of counter­ Only then are we likely to achieve the com­ vailing pressure from local business groups promises necessary to satisfy the majorities marks: (there is no private, unionized business in IT Is ONLY FAIR of both countries that what is to happen in the Zone). the Zone will be fair and in the mutual long Rep. James H. Quillen of Tenn~ssee's First Another unusual alliance artses from the term interest of both nations. District ought to get a medal for a b111 he politics of national defense. The Pentagon proposed last week, and if he succeeds in knows and values what it has in the Canal getting the blll passed, he ought to get an­ Zone. Many officials of the Defense Depart­ other one. ment oppose any reduction in its operations ·He believes the government should pay there because of the strategic unknowns, A MUCH DESERVED HONOR the legal fees of taxpayers who win tax cases possible new costs, and the loss of some fa­ against the Internal Revenue Service. He's vored Army, Navy, and Air Force billets. right, of course, and his bill would provide Those members of Congress who have HON. ~· A. (SKIP) B~FALIS for such payments under such circumstances. traditionally favored a strong defense estab­ OF FLORIDA Rep. Quillen said the present system denies lishment also find themselves accepting the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "equal justice" to taxpayers involved in dis­ Pentagon's traditional position toward the putes with the IRS. They don't enjoy the re­ Canal .and the Zone. They are joined, how­ Tuesday, March 30, 1976 sources-human and flnancial-l:Lvallable to ever, by many liberal members of Congress the IRS and, because they don't, they're at Mr. BAFALIS. Mr. Speaker, it is with a disadvantage when they find the heavy who are generally among those who question a great deal of pride that I join my col­ redundancy in our defense capability. The hand of the tax collector on their shoulders. reason seems to be rooted in the power of leagues in the Fl0rida delegation in co­ As a result, more than one ·ta)!:payer has the ,Army Corps of Engineers. The Corps not sponsoring legislation to name the new found himself in a quandry. ShoU.ld' ~e ac­ only ·runs the Zone, but it must also approve Tampa · Veterans:· Ad:r;ninistration Hos­ cept whatever finding (a~d btll) the IRS every domestic dam, flood control, and water pital the ''James A. Haley VA Hospital."' hallds him-or spend more than· 'that de· March · 30, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8729 fending himself in court? Even if he wins, Justice Coordinating Council for the (In millions) he loses. Compton Judicial District, California. Faced with this choice, a great many tax­ Bud~et payers choose the path of least resistance-­ authonty Outlays and least cost. So, even though they may ADMINISTRATION'S AGRICULTURE believe, correctly, they don't owe the IRS a BUDGET TO HURT WISCONSIN Agricultural Research Service: dime, they pay through the nose anyway. Research ______+$12. 7 +$15.3 It makes little sense, after all, to pay legal Construction______-18.5 -2.4 costs greater than the amount involved in Cooperative State Research Service_____ +8. 0 + 11. 6 HON. ALVIN BALDUS Extension Service______-10.1 -6.1 the tax bill. Soil Conservation Service: Thus, Rep. Quillen points out, the "citizen OF WUlCONSIN Emergency measures______-50.0 -14.7 !s effectively coerced into submitting to the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Other______------30. 3 -13. 4 IRS ruling and paying the tax collectors what food Nutrition Service and sec. 32: Tuesday, March 30, 1976 Food stamps______-453.1 -916.5 they say is owed." Other food programs______+649. 4 +544. 4 The congressman further noted that the Mr. BALDUS. Mr. Speaker, the Ford Proposed legislation (net) ______-1, 057.7 -739.8 government has at its disposal all "the Animal and Plant Health Inspection administration's proposals for an agri­ Service: enormous and sometimes intimidating re­ cultural budget for fiscal year 1977 repre­ Meat and poultry inspection______+4. 2 +4. 3 sources of a. bureaucratic juggernaut" and Animal and plant disease controL____ +18. 2 -. 9 the private citizens is, "in effect, rendered sents a decrease in needed programs and Farmers Home Administrat.on: services which will have an intense nega­ Water and sewer grants ______-125.0 +22.0 virtually defenseless." Revolving loan accounts______+64. 7 -1,264.9 His bill won't prevent the Internal Revenue tive impact on agricultural States like All other______+4. 5 -2.0 Service from going after whatever taxes it Wisconsin. Agricultural Stabilization and Conserva­ believes the government has coming. But it The President proposes to decrease tion Service: Agricultural conservation program____ -85.0 -38.5 might very well make the IRS a bit more cer­ spending-outlays-for the Department All other______-37.8 -40.2 tain of its position before it descends on the of Agriculture by over $3.4 billion in fiscal Commodity Credit Corporation ______-!, 833.6 -645.8 taxpayers with both hands and both feet. Public Law 480______+79_ 4 -215.2 When 1t does decide to do that, however, year 1977 from current estimates for fis­ Title I (program level) ______(-119. 5) ______a citizen who believes he's being unfairly cal year 1976-from $14.2 to $10.8 billion. Title II (program level)______( -73. 8) ______taxed can go to court with the knowledge The following is a comparison of Ford For~o~!~r~r;:~ram level) ______( -193. 3) ______that, if he's right, it won't cost him any­ cutbacks between fiscal years 1976 and thing-provided Mr. Quillen's bill becomes Forest protection and utilization______+18. 9 -28.2 1977: Fighting forest fires supplementaL_ -115. 0 -100. 0 law. At least, he would have a fighting chance, II n millions of dollars) Forest roads and trails______+200. 0 +70. 2 which is something he doesn't have at the Program leveL ______(+195.1) ______present time. Youth Conservation Corps______-35.0 +.5 1976 1977 Change All other primarily permanent appro- Moreover, if Mr. Quillen's measure is en­ priations)______-80.8 -122.9 acted, it could very well lead to more uni­ All other, U.S. Department of Agriculture_ + 13. 1 +22. 3 form procedures by the Internal Revenue Agriculture ___ ------______2, 510 2, 046 -464 Food programs ______-1 280 Service. And that, if it ever happens, could 8,383 7, 103 Total, U.S. Department of Agri- Public Law 480 ______1, 211 996 ~215 culture proposed changes ______-2, 858.6 -3,460.9 in turn be the catalyst for a simplification Natural resources programs __ 1, 031 824 -207 0f IRS laws-on which not even the "experts" FmHA revolving loan ac- in the Internal Revenue Service always agree. counts ______------____ 501 -764 -1,265 All other______578 549 -29 Obviously, the administration assigned But, more than anything else, Mr. Quillen's a low priority to the needs of American bill would, as he states it, "put the tax­ TotaL_------_---_ 14, 214 10,753 -3,461 payers on a more equal footing in disputes agriculture in proposing its 1977 budget. with the tax collectors." These cuts need to be evaluated and That would, indeed, be something for the Note: Numbers may not add due to rounding. addressed by those of us who believe they American people to cheer about as we cele­ President Ford proposes decreases in are unwarranted. In a time of rising in­ brate the nation's Bicentennial. After all, the folloWing programs: flation and costs, more money is needed this nation's roots were planted in a dispute The food programs account for about to simply maintain the status quo. When with an all-powerful government over, looked at in that light, the Department among other things, taxation. When an in­ $7.1 billion of the Department's budget. dividual can stand up and challenge the The administration proposes to allow of Agriculture budget is 2(l to 25 percent government on a "one to one" basis, un­ commodity donations to drop by about below program requirements. daunted by the power of economic imbalance, $1.3 billion in 1977; it proposes to cut I hope the Congress turns its mind to that is freedom at its finest. back the food stamp program by about more reasonable budget alternatives for $900 million, and to cut food program the farmers of the country, farmers who outlays by $739.8 million. Of special sig­ are tired of getting the short end. nificance for Wisconsin is the fact that HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOM­ the administration proposes ending the MITTEE ON CRIME OF THE HOUSE special milk program in the schools. HOUSE RESOLUTION 875 COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY The Public Law 480 program level will ON REAUTHORIZATION OF THE drop $194 million. LAW ENFORCEMENT ASSISTANCE The Ford budget calls for price sup­ HON. ROMANO L. MAZZOLI ADMINISTRATION port costs to drop by 645.8 million. This OF KENTUCKY does create an incentive on the admin­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES istration's part to hold the line on CCC HON. JOHN CONYERS, JR. purchases by keeping farm prices above Tuesday, March 30, 1976 OF MICHIGAN support levels; hopefully it will pursue Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker, the Rules IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES price policies accordingly. Committee voted to shelve House Reso­ President Ford requested no money for lution 875, to provide for television and Tuesday, March 30, 1976 the following programs: radio broadcast coverage of floor pro­ Mr. CONYERS. Mr. Speaker, the Sub­ Rural development grants; ceedings in the House, was a disservice committee on Crime of the House Com­ Domestic farm labor grants; to the American public, the intended mittee on the Judiciary will hold a hear­ Rural waste and water disposal beneficiaries of a Congress open to ing on the reauthorization of the Law grants-$470 million in subsidized loans cameras and microphones. Enforcement Assistance Administration will continue to be made available; The fears and concerns about House on Thusday, April 1, 1976 at 10 a.m. in Agriculture conservation program; Resolution 875 expressed by some Mem­ room 2237 Rayburn House Office Build­ Sire summary program; bers of the House-while held in good ing. The witnesses testifying will be: Mr. Mutual and self-help housing grants; faith-are groundless, in my judgment. Gerald Caplan, director, National Insti­ Water bank program; Open decisions, openly arrived at, are tute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Great Plains program; in the best interest of the people of this Justice; Judge Huey P. Shepard, c-hair­ Forestry incentives program; and country and their elected representa­ man, Criminal Justice Coordinating Rural community fire protection tives. Council for the Compton Judicial Dis­ grants. Adoption of House Resolution 875 trict, California, accompanied by Mr. Major changes proposed in the 1977 would have been a fitting memorial for Martin Mayer, Administrator, Criminal budget include: this Bicentennial Year. 8730 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 3{), 1976 I hope the people have only to await it is easy to understand why drug abuse is Bill to exclude from gross income the in­ the 95th Congress--not the Tricenten­ such "blg business" for the traffickers. terest on savings bank deposits to $400 an nial Year-to be admitted into the great For example, a typical drug operator can individual. Hall of the House of Representatives. make a buy in Mexico (now the principal VETERANS AFFAIRS source of heroin into the U.S.) of a kilo (2.2 Bill to provide 8 percent cost-of-living in­ pounds) of 80 percent pure heroin for about crease for needy veterans and 1Q-12 percent $10,000. This kilo, once it has changed hands increase in compensation for service con­ from importer to wholesaler to distributor to nected disabled veterans, their widows and street pusher, and has been diluted two and children. Enacted. WOLFF ATTACKS CRIME LINK TO three times with mllk sugar and quinine DRUG TRAFFIC Bill to provide special pay incentives for along the way, has reaped profits for the traf­ physicians working in VA !acUities to assist fickers in excess of $300,000. In short, heroin in recruitment of qualified personnel. En­ is "big business" for the traffickers who are acted. sending more than $1 billion of heroin into Bill to extend to 45 months entitlement for HON. LESTER L. WOLFF the United States each year--or more than graduate and undergraduate students under OF NEW YORK the total spent on the entire Mexican tourism GI Bill. Passed House. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES industry or one-third of all Mexican exports. FOREIGN AFFAmS In Mexico, with President Echeverria, Rep. Tuesday, March 30, 1976 Wolff, Chairman of the Special House Sub­ Bill to establish Select Committee on Miss­ committee on International Narcotics Con­ ing Persons in Southeast Asia. Now law. Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, regularly, I Resolution condemning zionism vote in to trol, and Rep. Benjamin Gilman (R-N.Y.) send my constituents newsletters keep succeeded in obtainting an unprecedented United Nations. Adopted by House. them abreast of congressional activity agreement to establish for the first time a Amendment to prohibit U.S. aid to any and to ask their views on the issues fac­ binational organization to coordinate the en­ country not cooperating in effort to control ing the country. The following is taken tire spectrum of narcotics control, an accord narcotics trafficking. Incorporated Military from my most recent newsletter and in­ being hailed by press reports in both Mexico Sales Act. and Washington. B111 to provide special emergency visas for cludes the results of my latest question­ individuals of Northern Ireland to emigrate naire: "Working on the premise that drug abuse is a mutual problem, the solution will re­ to U.S. Leader in House to focus attention on MEXICAN CONNECTION EXPOSED--WOLFF quire a massive effort by all nations con­ problem of human rights in Northern Ire­ ATrACKS CRIME LINK TO DRUG TRAFFic cerned to achieve ultimate success," said land. The costly impact on every American of Wolff, "for in Mexico there are as many as Bill to establish 200-mile fishing limit to the current rapid rise in crime is being over­ 1,000 clandestine air strips, and glaring lack protect U.S. fishermen from encroachment by shadowed by this nation's depressed eco­ of custOins control and highly favorable ell­ foreign fishing vessels. Passed House. nomic condition, high unemployment and mate conditions for multiple harvests." attendant human despair. After negotiating in Mexico, Reps. Wolff WOLFF'S ACTIONS REPRESENT HIS Yet, crime today remains "big business" and Gilman reached similar accords with the CONSTITUENTS' THINKING reaching into every corner of society to ex­ Presidents of Costa Rica, Panama and Co­ The outstanding number of returns, 8.8 ploit the innocent, reap enormous profits for lombia. President Ford and Secretary Kissin­ percent, to the recent Districtwide opinion the unscrupulous lawbreaker, and rob Ameri­ ger have hailed these results as a "major survey "dispels the widespread myth that cans of more than $30,000,000,000 (bllllon) in breakthrough" in efforts to eradicate the Americans today are apathetic towards their resources annually. illegal drug traffic from Latin America and government;" said Congressman Wolff. "More than 70 percent of the crimes com­ have expressed their intention to Wolff of "Instead, this exceptionally high number mitted today stem from drug abuse and w111 implementing the program. of responses proves our citizens do indeed continue at this rate until we take firm These agreements call for the establish­ want to participate in the decisionmaking action to stop the illegal flow of narcotics, ment of the counterpart organizations; sup­ processes of government. primarily heroin and cocaine, into this coun­ ply of necessary reconnaissance equipment "To effectively represent my District in try," said Rep. Lester Wolff. for overfiight operations of the opium pro­ Nassau and Queens, I firmly believe in main­ Narcotics agents throughout the world ducing areas; manpower training technology taining a two-way line of open communica­ agree that the only way to stop the traffic is and equipment to assist foreign enforcement tion with my constituents. I rely on many to cut off the supply at the source-for once officials; a. coordinated intelligence sharing sources of information to guide me on the the drug is cultivated, processed and refined organlzation; and inltiation of programs to courses of action I take in the House of Rep­ into small lots, it is virtually impossible to increase public awareness of the scope of the resentatives. These sources include o'ftXial control. problem and the severity of foreign laws reports, first-hand investigation in the field Rep. Wolff is working to check the danger­ dealing with traffickers and drug abusers. data gathered through intensive research, ous and persistent proliferation of drug re­ on study missions and in debate, and the lated crime by attacking the problem at its input provided me by my constituents as ex­ sources-the opium fields of Asia, Turkey and LEGISLATIVE ACTIONS pressed to me personally, in my mail, or in Latin America, for no opium is grown in the (Following is a brief compilation of some response to questionnaires such as this one. u.s. of the key legislation introduced, sponsored "I take this opportunity to thank each "As you know, I have been deeply con­ or supported by Rep. Lester Wolff during the one of the persons who took the time and cerned for many years with securing top pri­ First Session of the 94th Congress:) effort to answer the questionnaire. The re­ ority action in the battle against the drug GENERAL WELFARE sults confirm the actions I have taken in menace and intend to continue my efforts to your behalf over the years. There is a direct gain appropriate government emphasis on Bill to provide federal aid to localities faced ·with financial hardship to rehire public correlation, as you can see from the tabula­ the problem of narcotics trafficking. While t~on below, between the thinking of the resi­ the Administration vacillates and remains safety and health personnel. Passed House. dents of the 6th District and the job virtually insensitive to the problem, I am Bill to require increased fuel efficiency and economy performance standards for new performed." seeking necessary controls through legislative automobiles. Similar provision enacted. THE RESULTS channels." Federal loan program to assist jobless 1. A. Do you believe there should be gov­ This session, the House and Senate ap­ workers faced with foreclosure to meet home ernment controls on domestic oil prices? Dis­ proved a Wolff amendment to the Interna­ mortgage payments. Now law. trict Says: 75.8 %-Yes. 19.3%-No. 4.9%-No tional Security Assistance Act to require Bill to strengthen penalties for commis­ opinion. Presidential certification that countries en­ sion of a felony with use of a firearm. gaged in opium production are cooperating in B. Do you feel that gasoline rationing BUl to allow deductions for the cost of in­ should be instituted to conserve energy anti-narcotics efforts before becoming eligi­ stalling crime prevention equipment and to ble for American aid. "This action makes our sources? District Says: 37.2%-Yes. 51.3 %­ provide tax relief for victims of crime. No. 11.5%-No opinion. commitment to stopping the lllegal fiow of Bill to amend tax code to provide addi­ narcotics into the U.S. a matter of law, not Wolff Position: I have continued to sound tional itemized deduction for individuals a warning against the United States sub­ just Up service," said Wolff. who rent their principal residence. Statistics indicate that crime costs the mitting to oil blackmail. I believe in the free American taxpayers more than $30 billion a Bill to allow a tax credit for certain ex­ enterprise system and do not believe the fed­ year in property loss alone-not to mention penses incurred in providing for higher edu­ eral government should intrude on the pri­ the millions of dollars being wasted each day cation. vate sector. However, the oil industry is really on heroin abuse. According to the Drug En­ Bill to permit the disabled and handi­ not free enterprise, but a controlled mono­ forcement Agency, the heroin user, the capped to exclude the annual costs for taxi­ poly. We who live on the East Coast are faced junkie, must spend an average of $65 a day, cab fares and other essential transportation. with the fact that most of our oil is imported or almost $24,000 a year, to maintain his Bill to exempt persons 65 years and over and costs far more than domestic oil. But, habit. Multiply this by the new estimate of from federal income tax on the first 5,000 of adequate oll supplies are a national prob­ 500,000 heroin users in the United States and retirement income. lsm and that is why I have supported man- March 30, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8731

datory oil allocations to equalize the burden Those responding "Yes" further indicated NCSC SCORES WOLFF 100 PERCENT across the nation rather than impose the en­ as follows: The National Council of Senior CitiZens tire cost on the East coast family. A. Complete health care program admin­ has again rated Congressman Wolff 100 per­ To insure this equalization and to deal istered by the federal government-53.3% cent for his consistent voting record in sup­ with the monopoly of OPEC and the oil pro­ B. Program administered by the federal port of legislation to benefit the older Amer­ ducing nations, there have to be domestic government but limited to major medical ican. The votes used by the NCSC for its controls to keep down the price of oil. This and disaster aid-24.2% evaluation covering the first session of the is in line with the responses received from 94th Congress dealt with issues of Social constituents who as I, do not want gasoline C. Federal subsidies for programs admin­ istered by private insurance compa.nies-- Security, senior Citizen cost-of-living in· or oil rationing, but do want a lid placed on creases, tax relief, food stamp eligib1lity, the prices they must pay. 17.5%, No opinion 5% Wolff Position: The aging and the dis­ housing and special assistance programs to I have long advocated a Comprehensive aid the elderly and the poor. Energy program which involves voluntary abled on fixed incomes simply are not able conservation plus the research and develop­ to assume higher health care costs the way ment of alternate sources of energy to free the President expects them to. These Ameri­ us from the control of the oil producers. cans need better health coverage, not great­ While putting a lid on oil prices, we must, er medical bUls. As one of the original co­ DRUG PROGRAM CUTBACKS: at the same time, control natural gas prices authors of Medicare, I oppose any plan in SURGERY OR SUICIDE? so that no undue burden is placed on home­ the House to raise medical costs for senior owners who rely on this source of energy. Citizens. To those who fear that the imposition of con­ However, the problem of health care cuts HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL a wide swath across our society and the trols will discourage oil and natural gas ex­ OF NEW YORK ploration, I refer them to the statements of average family can no longer meet these the oil and gas companies which are making costs. Therefore, I have co-sponsored the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES record breaking profits. I don't think they Kennedy-Corman bill (HR 21) to combine Tuesday, March 30, 1976 need any further incentives. a multitude of overlapping medical pro­ In addition, the continuing petitions by grams into one comprehensive package to Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, it is no utility companies to increase consumer rates provide adequate medical care for all our secret that drug addiction and the traf­ must no longer result in automatic increases. citizens. I believe no one in this nation, ticking of illicit narcotics are again on I have long urged consumer representation on especially the middle income person, should the rise, and nowhere in the Nation is all public service commissions. have to go into debt to keep his health. To directly address the problem, I have this more evident than in New York City. 2. Do you approve of the most recent for­ The fiow of drugs into the city, particu­ eign ·grain deal that the Administration has set up a District Medical Advisory Com­ entered into with Russia? District Says: mittee to fully inform me of specific medi­ larly that of heroin, has proven to have a 20.1 %-Yes. 27.6%-No. 7.3%-No opinion. cal needs and related health concerns of direct effect on violent crime and other Wolff Position: If there is anything that the people living in this area, so I can best antisocial acts. Unfortunately, our ef­ has increased food prices, it Is our various represent their interests in the Congress. forts at the Federal level to get this grain deals with the Soviet Union. These 5. A. Do you feel that the federal govern­ poison out of our neighborhoods are be­ sales have resulted in higher prices for meat, ment should require registration of all weap­ ons? District Says: 82.8 %-Yes. 14.7%-No. ing undermined in New York by the city's dairy products, baked goods and, in fact, for fiscal crisis. Because of the necessity for nearly every related product-sold in your 2.5 %-No opinion. neighborhood supermarket. B. Do you feel there should be federal con­ municipal austerity, the most promising Since 1972, I have warned against these trols over the sale and distribution of all programs to deal with the illicit drug sit­ grain deals. That this forecast was correct hand guns? District Says: 88.3 %-Yes. uation are being drastically cut back. is indicated in the report by the General Ac­ 9.4%-No. 2.3%-No opinion. Now, I do not fault the city officials for counting omce, the investigating arm of Con­ Wolff Position: There is no doubt that we trimming expenditures for municipal gress, confirming the link between higher must curb the easy availability of weapons services and programs; given the se­ food costs and the Russian grain deals. that have no legitimate use in our society­ verity of the city's financial difficulties, My legislation-the Export Priorities Act­ the spiraling crime rate in our urban and would guarantee sufficient U.S. grain supplies suburban communities is testimony enough. they have had no other responsible alter­ to meet domestic needs at prices the Amer­ I have long believed that Congress must native. But I do question the apparent ican consumer can afford before any export hasten to mandate federal registration and priorities reflected by the ctrug program commitments are made. This legislation fur­ licensing of firearms and initia~e federal cutbacks. The misery and despair per· ther would see to it that the needs of the standards to control the sale and distribu­ petuated by narcotics demands immedi­ American family are met first. tion of all handguns. However, we must not interefere with the legitimate interests of ate, effective action and a continuing 3. Do you believe that the cost of living commitment at all levels of government increase for the aging living on Social secu­ sportsmen who also seek to limit the avail­ rity should be held to 5 percent as advo­ ability of illicit weapons that are a source to alleviate the problem. cated by the Administration, or raised to a of much of our crime. Mr. Speaker, to those of my colleagues level more reflective of the actual rise in As a means of discouraging both first and who may not fully realize the pervasive today's living cost? District Says: 19.2%­ repeat offenders, I have introduced legisla­ nature of the drug-addiction and drug­ Hold to 5%. 77%-Increase. 3.8%-No tion to strengthen criminal codes and trafficking problem, I commend a column opinion. tighten penalties for the commission of a by Mr. Roger Wilkins in Tuesday's New Wol:H' Position: I have long maintained felony with a firearm. Similarly, we must not permit the present economic crisis to jeop­ York Times. It accurately describes the that America's aging and disabled, living on of fixed incomes, bear an unreasonable burden ardize the effectiveness of domestic law en­ variety social ills that result from the in these times of high inflation and run­ forcement efforts bv reducing the number of continued fiow of illicit narcotics into our away prices and that these Senior Citizens law enforcement officers. I have sponsored cities, and the consequences of any weak­ deserve far greater consideration. leeoislatlon to provide emergency aid to lo­ ening of our resolve to deal with the situ­ I voted for the 8.6 cost-of-living benefits calities faced with financial hardship to keep ation. I would like to insert Mr. Wilkins' increase for Social Security recipients, as I their police and firemen on the job to ade­ column into the RECORD at this point: have for other proposed benefits over the quately protect our communities. The secur­ SURGERY OR SUICIDE years. I have also called for an overhaul of ity of every American is at stake. the present procedures that determine So­ (By Roger Wilkins) cial security appeals cases, eliminate the un­ On a recent night on a quiet street in due delays that, too often, occur in the WOLFF "GETS TOUGH" WITH TERRORISTS Greenwich Village a group of middle-class processing of checks needed by many today Rep. Lester Wolff's amendment to cut off New Yorkers forms and grows rapidly around just for bare living essentials. U.S. aid to any nation that harbors and pro­ a man who has just been helped from the As First Vice-Chairman of the NY State tects international terrorists has passed Con­ sidewalk and is standing befuddled, shaking Congressional Delegation, I actively sup­ gress. his head. He is a doctor who had just been ported the effort that prevented HEW from Wolff, whose amendment to the Interna­ mugged at the doorway of his handsome imposing a means test on the elderly in tional Security Assistance Act of 1976 won brick town house. order for them to take their rightful place House and Senate approval last month, There is clucking in the crowd. "Terrible," in Senior Citizen centers and activities. Our stressed the importance of the action as a says an elderly man. "Just awful," answers elderly are not second class citizens to be firm expression of Congressional determina­ a slender young woman in jeans. "You're not ignored. tion to "get tough" with international hi­ safe anywhere," the man says. "No wonder 4. Do you believe the federal government jackers and murderers and with nations that those companies are leaving town." should enact a comprehensive national turn the other cheek to wanton acts of vio­ Just about a hundred blocks uptown at health insurance program? District Says: lence on hostages and other Innocent the corner of 116th Street and Eighth Ave­ 76.8%-Yes. 18.9%-No. 4.3%-No opinion. victims. nue there is another kind of crowd. It is the 8732 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 3'0, 1976 constant mob of floaters, dreamers, purpose­ There is no question that austerity is re­ The ACP cost-share program through the fully lawless businessmen and corrupted quired to restore the fiscal health of both U.S,. Agriculture Stabilization and Conserva­ children who constitute one of this city's the city and the state but the erosion of the tion Service assisted with the application of most notorious open-air markets in drugs. quality of life here has been one of the large amounts of practices in the same There are languid men with magic hands major factors driving firms and people out periods so the total accomplishment is much holding glassine bags that pass from person of the city and undermining its fiscal sta­ larger than is reported here. to person and disappear before the brain is bility. Drug-based street crime is central to Since the Iowa cost-share program began, sure what the eyes have seen. There are that decline. Thus, while deep and painful 10,909 Iowa landowners made application to women and children whose eyes are as blank fiscal surgery is clearly required, indiscrimi­ their local soil conservation district for cost­ as their drug-blotted minds. It is at once a nate hacking at the entirety of the anti-drug share funds to assist with construction of soil teeming bazaar and the ultimate in urban universe may ultimately prove to be more and water conservation practices on their desolation. suicidal than surgical. lands. A total of 6,115 of these applications Those two street scenes in Manhattan, were approved by commissioners; and dis­ twelve local stops and light years apart, are tricts obligated $5,574,999.60 for the con­ rigidly connected. The shoppers in the bazaar struction of practices to be installed. Not all uptown can require up to $400 per week to IOWA COST-SHARE PROGRAM of the practices approved for cost-sh are as­ feed their cravings. They suffer from being SHOWS GOOD PROGRESS sistance had been built as of December 31 , junk-heap Americans: those citizens who are 1975. . not needed by the economy just now or per­ The total amount of practices approved haps ever. The jagged edges and rancid HON. TOM HARKIN include: smells of the places where America's affi.uence Parallel terraces, 2,278 miles. has never reached define their current and OF IOWA All other types of t erraces, 355 miles. future lives, their sens e of themselves and of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Erosion control structures, 1,026. their incredibly limited human connections. Tuesday, March 30, 1976 Waterways, 1,622,820 lineal feet. The drugs sop up the emptiness for a while Iowa soil conservation district commis­ and the quest for the money for them will Mr. HARKIN. Mr. Speaker, the admin­ sioners and district staffs are to be con­ be carried to any corner of the city where istration has for the past 3 years at­ gratulated for their all-out effort to get con­ it is likely to be found. tempted to either cut or totally eliminate servation on the land. New York's arteries are thus poisoned by funding for the agricultural conservation joblessness, hopelessness and dope. The numbers are getting worse. Dr. Robert L. program. Again this year, the President Dupont, director of the National Institute has proposed that this program be on Drug Abuse, says that, though there was eliminated. LEAGUE OF WOMEN VOTERS OF a dip in heroin addiction during 1972 and This callous disregard for conservation n.LINOIS RESOLUTION FOR HAND­ 1973, the recent upsurge to as many as 300,- works to thwart the intent of Congress GUN CONTROL 000 to 400,000 people nationwide demon­ and the activities of a number of States. strates that the nation is in the grip of a Iowa for example has appropriated funds continuing heroin epidemic. for a State program similar to the agri­ Mexican heroin is gushing into the country HON. DAN ROSTENKOWSKI and there are indications that Turkish farm­ cultural conservation program, The OF ll.LINOIS results of these activities have been ~rs are increasing their poppy crops. With IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES unemployment holding steady at cata­ spectacular. Yet, much needs to be done. strophic levels in the city's minority com­ Conservation not only protects the soil Tuesday, March 30, 1976 munities--40 to 50 percent by some expert from erosion, thus preserving one of our Mr. ROSTENKOWSKI. Mr. Speaker, estimates-the market for the increasing im­ most valuable resources; but also, soil as a result of nearly a solid year of study ports is strong. Sterling Johnson Jr., New conservation practices have the imme­ York's special narcotics prosecution, asserts on the need for Federal legislation re­ that drug use in Manhattan is again reach­ diate effect of reducing the runoff of agri­ garding handgun control, the League of ing the record levels achieved in the early cultural chemicals into our waterways. Women Voters of illinois has recently ~970's. The following is the report on the Iowa issued a detailed position paper urging One of the people engaged in fighting the cost-share program as reported in the the need for such legislation. The epidemic is an attractive, slender young Iowa ~oil Conservationist, February League's study was exhaustive. Members black man who works as an undercover New 1976, volue 29, No. 2: of the local Illinois chapters did the re­ York City policeman and who risks his life IOWA COST-SHARE PROGRAM SHOWS GOOD search, held discussion meetings, read on the streets of Harlem most working PROGRESS nights. When asked why he persisted in that and reviewed many publications and line of work, he said: "That's what I can do (By Leon D. Foderberg) listened to debate on all sides of t.he for my brothers and sisters. I can fight to get The fall of 1975 turned out to be a record­ issue. The conclusions are significant be­ this poison off the streets. And there's a lot breaking conservation construction season. cause they represent the opinions of a more brothers and sisters on the force who Most all districts reported terrace and struc­ broad spectrum of illinoisan. feel like I do, but they're cutting back be­ ture building well into December. In the last few years there have been cause of the fiscal crisis." The summary of reports from the 100 ma..lly polls conducted in the Chicago Indeed, the fight against drugs is being cut districts in Iowa shows that the following area on the issue of handgun control all back so sharply that a narcotics grand jury practices were applied with assistance from the Iowa cost-share program in the si". of which, including my own Eighth Dis­ that sat in New York from November to Jan­ trict questionnaire, have overwhelm­ uary alleged in a special report that the month period of July 1 to December 31, 1975. decrease in enforcement personnel had put Parallel terraces, 565 miles. ingly demonstrated that metropolitan the drug traffic on "the semi-licit status of All other types of terraces, 80 miles. area residents are in favor of handgun speakeasies during Prohibition and street­ Erosion control structures, 276. control legislation. The study done by walking in Times Square." There are figures Waterway, 439,116 lineal feet. the League of Women Voters of illinois which seem to support that contention. For Pasture and hayland planting, 519 acres. is significant because its members come example, the funds for the special prosecu­ Critical area seeding, 14 acres. Field windbreak, 2,200 lineal feet. from upstate, downstate, metropolitan tor's office are projected to be down from $2.4 areas, small communities, and suburbs. million last year to $1.1 million next year, In the two and one-half years the program necessitating a decrease in personnel from has been in operation, the following amounts I have been an advocate of strong 122 to 50. of practices were applied with Iowa cost-share handgun control legislation for many Rehabilitation programs are also being assistance: years and I have sponsored legislation slashed to the bone. State residential treat­ Parallel terraces, 1,537 miles. to ban the manufacture, sale, purchase, ment programs, which were demonstrably All other types of terraces, 255 miles. transportation, importation, and trans­ weak and outrageously expensive, have ap­ Erosion control structures, 904. fer of handguns in the 92d and 93d Con­ propriately been cut in the state budget by Waterway, 1,362,630 lineal feet. gresses and in this the 94th. I hope that 64 percent, but the money has not been Pasture and hayland planting, 3,547 acres. this body will soon realize that the people shifted to more effective efforts. Instead state Critical area seeding, 48 acres. Field windbreak, 6,895 lineal feet. of this country are looking to the Con­ aid to local programs has also been cut--by gress to provide the leadership in this a whopping 32 percent. And, there are reli­ Tree planting, 2.5 acres. able reports tbat City Hall is considering the These figures by no means represent the area. total elimination of the $5.1 mlllion in sup­ total amounts of practices applied in soil I commend to each of my colleagues port it provides local community-based conservation districts in Iowa, but only the the position on handgun control drafted treatment programs such as Phoenix and amount applied with Iowa cost-share pro­ by the League of Women Voters of Odyssey Houses and Daytop Village. gram assistance. illinois: · March 30, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8733

POSITION ON HANDGUN CONTROL gun hearings this week on major changes in STUDIED IN GERMANY The League of Women Voters of illinois such taxation. From 1946 until 1948 he studied piano, believes that the proliferation of the private Numerous proposals have been introduced contrapunct, compositon, instrumentation ownership of handguns and their irrespon­ to rev-amp the situation. Since the current and orchestration at the Handel Conserva­ sible use must be controlled through legis­ $60,000 limit on the amount of an estate tory in Munich. He studied the art of com­ lation. Therefore, we support a. ban on the which may be transferred tax free was set posing for two semesters (1965-66) at the further manufacture, sale, transportation way ba.ck in 1942, inflation has more tha.n University of Buffalo with Aaron Copland, and importation for private ownership of all doubled the value of many farms and busi­ leading U.S. composer, and Carlos Chavez, handguns and their parts. We call for a clear ness assets. national composer of Mexico. statutory definition of Saturday Night Proposals range from one to double the In 1967--68 Mr. Gorecki took two semesters Specials which would make their regulation estate tax exclusion to $120,000 and raise the of orchestral arrangements from the Radio enforceable. We support restrictive regula­ current $30,000 lifetime limit on tax-free City arranger, Robert Wright, at the East­ tion of all handguns and ammunition, en­ gifts to $60,00~ the Administration's man School of Music, Rochester. In 1972 he forcement at all levels of government of pla.n. The Presiderut has asked for stretohi.ng went to Poland to participate in a special existing regulations, strict penalties for hand­ out the federal estate taxes on small fa.rms course for choral directors. gun crimes and better regulation of handgun or businesses so they can be paid out of the From 1941 to 1944 Mr. Gorecki was organist dealers. income of the farm or business. No pay­ at the Garnison C!:lurch ln Katowice. During We believe that handgun owners must ment would be required for five years and studies in Munich he directed the Academic assume complete responsibility for their 20 yeM"S would be allowed for full payment Chorus of Polish students and the Displaced handguns. To this end, we support registra­ of estate taxes at a four per cerut interest Persons Mens Charus in Wildfiecken, Ger­ tion of the handgun itself which will allow l"Me. many. it to be traced to its owner. We support com­ We are hopeful thalt the Ways and Means WAS IMMIGRANT prehensive licensing procedures, with gun Committee will see the wisdom of revamp· In 1949 Mr. Gorecki came to the United safety education, fingerprinting, photographa, ing this Mchale struoture to conform with States as an immigrant with the whole 40- plus a verification of the applicant's quali­ the times. men DP chorus and had many choral ap­ fications, and a permit system which re­ pearances in the New York and Long Island stricts handgun ownership. The costs of areas. He also was organist at the St. Ladis­ these programs should be borne by fees paid TESTIMONIAL WILL HONOR laus Parish in Hempstead, L.I. by the handgun owner sufficient to cover a "MAESTRO"-PETER GORECKI Since 1951 he has lived in Buffalo and careful system which ideally would be ad­ has been a.ctive as organist and music teacher ministered locally under federal guidelines. at St. Stanislaus Parish. He has officiated as The sale of ammunition should also be regu­ director of Kalina Singing Society, Polish lated. HON. HENRY J. NOWAK Singing Circle, Chopin Singing Society, Ba­ we support additional penalties and strict OF NEW YORK varia Maennerchor, Schwa.ebischer Frauen enforcement for all crimes committed with IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and Maennerchor, and the United German a handgun. All dealers selling handguns Singing Societies. must be carefully regulated to assure that Tuesday, March 30, 1976 He served from 1961 until 1966 as a music they are legitimate dealers and not merely supervisor in the Recreation Parks Dept. of persons wishing to have access to interstate Mr. NOWAK. Mr. Speaker, when the Buffalo. For five consecutive years he has shipments. We recommend higher fees, an­ Chopin Singing Soc~ty of Buffalo, N.Y., been a conductor of the Buffalo Community nual renewal of license and a. thorough in­ toured Washington, D.C., recently, its Orchestra for the City Parks Summer Con­ vestigation of the dealer and his place of musical performances were conducted certs. With the Chopin group he h-a.s ap­ business. The League supports the need for under the direction of Peter Gorecki. peared on 30 TV shows. Last weekend Mr. further controls or elimination of mail order Gorecki also directed the Chopin Singing sales and interstate shipments. Members of this polished and versatile mixed chorus credit their success in very Society at special performances in Wash­ We support handgun safety education only ington, D.C. if it is required for owners as part of the large measure to the dedication and Last year he accompanied the Chopin licensing procedures; does not promote or talent of Mr. Gorecki, an accomplished singers on a concert tour throughout Poland. glorify handgun usage or ownership; and is musician and lover of good music. In 1956 he won the first prize with the used to convey the dangers of handgun mis­ Mr. Gorecki's commendable work with Schwaebischer Maennerchor in Utica, N.Y. use and ownership. the Chopin Singing Society by itself is a In 1962 he received first prize with the Kalina The League favors federal legislation gov­ noteworthy accomplishment. However, group in Syracuse. In 1971 he brought the erning the use of handguns but will support in the 25 years he has resided in Buffalo, first prize to Buffalo with the Bavarian State legislation meeting our criteria. We Maennerchor from the Saengerfest in Troy. will not support state or federal legislation he has also been active with various for specific areas only, such as metropolitan civic-sponsored community concerts and Mr. Speaker, Peter Gorecki has made or high crime. served as director of at least six other an immense contribution to the cultural singing groups. This weekend, Mr. life of western New York. The honor he Gorecki's achievements will be marked is to receive is most certainly richly de­ at a testimonial dinner in his honor, served. I would like to join his many ESTATE AND GIFT TAXES sponsored by the Schwaebischer Men's friends and admirers in wishing him con­ and Ladies Chorus. Mr. Gorecki has been tinued success and good health. director of this group for 20 years. HON. ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO The following article on this event OF CALIFORNIA was included in the March 25 edition of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the Am Pol Eagle: TENNESSEE-TOMBIGBEE WATER­ Tuesday, March 30, 1976 GERMAN CHORUS TO HONOR PETER GORECKI WAY PROJECT SERVES THE NA­ Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Speaker, I "An Evening with the Maestro" will be TIONAL INTEREST the theme for a testimonial dinner dance would like to bring to the attention of honoring Peter Gorecki-organist, choir my colleagues the following editorial master, director, composer-to be held on HON. JOE L. EVINS from the Lompoc Record "Estate and Saturriay, April 3, beginning at 7 p.m. at the OF TENNESSEE Gift Taxes." Ma.rygold Manor Hall, 770 Maryvale Dr. I, also, hope the Ways and Means Cheektowaga. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Committee will decide to report out re­ The affair will be sponsored by the Tuesday, March 30, 1976 Schwaebischer Mens and Ladies Chorus sponsible legislation concerning estate Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, and gift taxes that would "conform with which will celebrate its 96th anniversary this year. Mr. Gorecki has directed the the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway the time." chorus for the past 20 years. project-one of the major public works The editorial follows: Mr. Gorecki was born on June 29, 1924, projects of the Nation-is an investment ESTATE AND GIFT TAXES in Pszcyna, Poland. He was taught music by in the future of our Nation. Over the years, possibly one of the most his father, who was organist and choral Appropriations for initiating and con­ da.ma.ging spooial taxes has been the estate director at the All Saints Church in tinuing construction of this 232-mile in­ and gift taxes. The tax as it is currently Pszczyna. From 1940 until 1944 he attended temal waterway project have been pro­ enforced has required many families to sell the Music Conseravtory in Katowice and small farms and busineses in order to raise studied organ, piano, harmony, music vided by the Subcommittee on Public the funds to pay the inheritance tax. theory, music history, Georgian choral and Works Appropriations which I am hon­ The Ways and Means Committee has be- choral direction. ored to serve as chairman. CXXII--552-Part 7 8734 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 30, 1976 The project is funded through fiscal The benefits from this project will provide committee on Public Works Appropriations has low-cost transportation as indicated as well which I am honored to serve as Chairman. 1976 and to date our subcommittee as efficient transportation of raw materials Officials and officers of the Corps testify con­ provided $173,352,000 for this vital and and fl.ndshed products. cerning each project before the Subcommit­ important waterway which will assure a For instance, it is estimated that freight tee each year. I can assure you that Congress new internal trade route between the gulf shipped by rail costs more than three times is aware of the status and cost of every proj­ coast and the heartland of America-the as much as freight shipped by water. These ect under construction. midcontinent region. increased transportation costs are passed on Water-borne transportation serves the pub­ When this project is completed, a new, to the consuming publ.lc, as you know. He interest, and the Tennessee-Tombigbee navigable internal waterway system will Wwterfbom transportation such as pro'V'ided Waterway should be completed as soon as by the "T~nn-Tom" is thus a real hedge possible so that the social and economic extend from the midcontinent region of against inflation. benefits may be realized and the greatest the United States to the Tennessee, Ohio Certainly it is my position that the Fed­ internal waterway 1n the Nation completed. and upper Mississippi River valleys. eral Government should promote the devel­ Completion of the Tennessee-Tombigbee Construction on this great project be­ opment of all types otf transporte.·tion in the Waterway will link mid-America's 10,000- gan 7 years ago after decades of planning public interest. In this regard, it is inter­ mile inland waterway system-including the esting to note that outlays by the Federal Missouri, Mississippi, Dlinois and Ohio and evaluation. As a matter of fact, the Government for waterway development when Rivers-with the Southeastern Gulf area­ Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway project compared to expenditures for other forms of an historic step in water transportation. dates back 150 years when citizens of tr.a.nsportation are relatively small. The benefits from this project will flow east Tennessee first petitioned the Con­ Over the past 140 years, total expenditures through the Nation like waves from a rock gress to build an inland waterway to im­ by the Army Corps of Engineers for construc­ tossed into a lake-the Tennessee-Tombigbee prove commerce and trade in the area. tion and operation and maintenance for Waterway project is in the national interest. shallow-draft inland and intracoastal W81ter­ With kindest regards and best wishes, I am Today the project is 18 percent com­ ways total $4.5 bUlion. This is but a drop Very sincerely yours, plete and leaders, officials and citizens in in the bucket when compared to the more JoE L. EVINs, the area are looking forward to the day than $125 b1lli01Il spent for all forms of Member of Congress. that this waterway becomes a reality. domestic transportation in just the past 25 The Corps of Engineers has estimatE}d years. that the waterway will draw some $2.6 More than $22 bllllon has been spent on airway and airport development and for UKRAINIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY billion in new industry to the area it will subsiclies to domestic airlines since 1952. serve directly-already more than $1 btl­ Almost $100 bllllon has been spent by the lion in industry has indicated an intent Federal Government on highway develop­ HON. SAMUEL S. STRATTON to locate in the area. ment since the early 1920's. OF NEW YORK It has been estimated that the water­ Almost six b1111on dollars has been spent on way and its benefits wlll result in crea­ mass transit in the past ten years. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion of some 28,000 jobs with an annual In the past three years, an estimated $2 Tuesday, March 30, 1976 payroll of almost $400,000 in the next billion has been spent on the nation's rall­ roads. Recently, the Rallroa.d Revitalization Mr. STRATTON. Mr. Speaker, on Jan­ 50 years. and Regulatory Reform Act was approved uary 22 we observed the 58th anniver­ Although this waterway has a very which authorized more than $6 billion to sary of the independence of the Repub­ favorable benefit to costs ratio, there are provide a viable railroad system 1n the Na­ lic of the Ukraine. While I regret that those who criticize the project. tion. The rallroads want another $16 blllion I was unable to take advantage of an Recently Forbes magazine published a to stay in business. opportunity to join with my colleagues biased and misleading article highly crit­ Beginning in the last century, American in saluting this historic occasion, I know ical of the project. My response to this rallroads received federal land grants total­ ing more than 200,000 square miles-more that the people of the Ukraine and article was the following letter to Forbes than four times the size of the average state. Americans of Ukrainian extraction will magazine which includes basic and com­ In addition, governments and other entities not object if I take this opportunity now parative cost information between the have given rallroads additional grants of land to extend my hearty congratulations on various modes of transportation. which brings the total land given the rail­ this anniversary and to reassert here my HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, roads to almost 10% of all the land in the strong support for the legitimate na­ Washington, D.C., March 10, 1976. u.s. tional aspirations of the 54 million Mr. JAMES W. MICHAEL, So, the record is clear that the Federal Ukrainian people in their fight for inde­ Editor, Forbes Magazine, Government has been generous in its sup­ New York City, N.Y. port of railroads and domestic transportation. pendence and for freedom from the dom­ It is my belief that transportation develop­ ination of the Soviet tyranny. DEAR MR. MICHAELS: The recent article tn Forbes Magazine critical of the Tennessee­ ment must be balanced and certainly, water­ As you will remember, Mr. Speaker, Tombigbee W'9!terwa.y failed to preserut the borne transportation is an integral part of a the Ukrainian National Republic was es­ balanced transportation system. mertts of this project in an objective manner tablished officially on January 22, 1918, and I am taking this means of factually and Water transportation is a good investment but was shortly thereafter stamped out 1n America and in the economy. It 1s almost objectively responding to your biased article. 50% more efficient in terms of fuel utillza­ in the brutal military occupation under­ It is indeed strange thalt projecsts such as tion than are railro3ds. And it is practically taken by the Bolshevik forces. Neverthe­ the Tennessee-Tombigbee WaJterway which pollution free. less today 58 years later the people of wm benefit millions of people for centuries The article refers disparagingly to the the Ukraine, in spite of the fact that and are an essential component of a balanced tramsportation system are described tn repu­ benefit-cost ratio of this project. For your they are still denied by force the basic table magazines as "pork ba.rrel" projects, as information, any water resource project must freedoms and liberty that are accorded you ddd tn your article. provide more benefits than it costs before a to the citizens of any independent state It is also strange thalt the term "pork project can receive a favorable recommenda­ continue to cherish the hope of inde~ tion by the Corps of Engineers or other pendence and the right determine barrel" is not applied to Federal funding for agency of government, or be considered by to projects in urban areas for such purposes as the Congress. their own future. mass transit, airport improvements or 1m­ Mr. Speaker, it is especially appro­ proved rail service and highways. I am sur­ The Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway under this criteria has been found to be a sound priate in this Bicentennial Year that we prised thaJt a sound business magazine of not lose sight of the fact that the same your quality and caliber would publish a and productive project that will return more superfi.Ciial and prejudiced article on any 1n benefits than it costs. Waterways are the device for freedom and independence ma.tter, but especially on a project of such only government projects subjected to this which inspired our American Revolution importance to the Nation as the Tennessee­ test of performance-there are no economic is something that other captive peoples Tombigbee Waterway. The articles com­ feasibiUty tests for highways, a1rports or around the world also share, and we can­ pletely lacking tn perspective and fairness. railroads, for example. not be true to our heritage unless we The Tennessee Tom.bl.gbee Waterway is an The paragraph in the article indicating remember that as Americans we con­ investment in Amertca that will yield rich that Congress learned of increased costs of tinue to have a responsibility for help­ dividends 1n future years for this Nation­ this project "almost by accident" 1s ridicu­ ing and promoting the growth of free­ not only in terms of bolstering the economy lous and reflects a lack of knowledge of the dom, independence, self-determination, and providing a needed and necessary ad­ continuing review process in the Congress. junct to land and a-ir transportation but in Each year the Corps of Engineers must sub­ and the rights of men and women to providlng a more economic means of trans- mit a revised justification for every project live under a government which oper­ port. proposed or under construction to the Sub- ates by the consent of the governed in March 30, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8735 In 1960, Congress passed the Multiple continuing national controversy over timber other parts of the world and in other management in the national forests. Pres­ situations. Use and Sustained Yield Act. This act sures for congressional action stem from a What is even more disturbing, Mr. stated that wildlife, wilderness, timber, federal appeals court decision last August Speaker, is that under the Charter of range, and recreation were the five uses that brought clear-cutting in the Mononga­ the United Nations, Ukrainia is repre­ which the Forest Service was to provide hela National Forest to a .grinding halt. sented as a separate state in that body for with proper discretion and the ap­ The decision confirmed a lower court rul­ with full voting privileges such as those plication of their forestry knowledge. ing in favor of the Izaak Walton League and that are bestowed only on sovereign and Since that time, timber demand has several other conservation organizations, escalated rapidly and the harvesting of which had sued to stop some proposed tim­ independent states. And yet as a prac­ ber sales by the Forest Service. The sales tical matter both the foreign relations wood fibre from our national forests has were found to be in violation of the Organic and the domestic policies of the Ukrain­ increased proportionately, especially as Act of 1897, a long-ignored law that forbids ian Republic are not controlled by the private logging industry forest lands the sale and cutting of immature trees. The Ukrainian people but dictated by the So­ were nearly exhausted from rapid clear­ findings in the case were subsequently ap­ viet Government in Moscow. cutting. The Forest Service speculates plied in another suit over clear-cutting in Mr. Speaker, the pledge of the Hel­ that demand for wood fiber will double the Tongass National Forest in southeastern sinki agreement that peoples would be in the next 25 years. If this is so, much Alaska. needs to be done to ensure the a voidance The timber industry has been horrified by allowed to achieve freedom and that bar­ the decisions-it has been claimed that if riers to closer communication and freer of timber shortages through the in­ they applied to national forests across the travel would be removed, have already creased utilization of felled wood, country, logging would be reduced by 40 per­ been proven as false and hollow. While through the possible cut-back on timber cent. Now tha/t the Organic Act, which was Americans supported the idea that cap­ exports, and through the improved re­ passed at a time when forests were being tive nations should not be liberated by generation of those acres which are used rapidly and heedlessly decimated, has been for timber production. Even now we have brought back to life, Congress is busily seek­ force of arms we must continue to in­ ing ways to resolve the dilemma. And envi­ sist that the freedom and independence 5 million acres which need reseeding. While directing our attention to such ronmental groups are using the crisis to push of Ukrainia is a just goal and we must what they believe are long overdue reforms continue to work in that direction. priorities, we must not let the demand in timber management in national forests. That is the best birthday present that for timber overshadow the strong im­ The court, in the Monongahela decision, we can give to the people of Ukrainia portance of wildlife protection, the acknowledged that the Organic Act might be and Americans of Ukrainian extraction maintenance of range and wilderness "an anachronism which no longer serves the in this Bicentennial Year. In that con­ areas, and the provision of good recrea­ public interest," and there is little disagree­ tion areas for the millions of people ment that its proscriptions are much too nection I have joined in support as a crude to be appropriate in these days of cosponsor of House Resolution 404, call­ expected to visit our national forests in the next decade--to hike the many trails modern silviculture. It prohibits the cutting ing upon the President of the United of any but dead, matured, or large growth States to issue a proclamation designat­ and enjoy the clear streams and beauti­ trees, which essentially means a prohibition ing January 22 each year as Ukrainian ful vistas. If this is to be accomplished against clear-cutting-a respectable tech­ Independence Day. In this way we will we must exercise our authority as repre­ nique when applied in moderation-since renew our pledge to continue to work sentatives of the public interest by most stands contain some young trees. for the freedom and independence of clarifying to the Forest Service and to The debate is not simply one between the Ukrainian Republic. the logging industries who bid for timber timber interests and lovers of wilderness, in the national forests that only the best but also reflects very real dlfferences among forest management practices will protect foresters on how to raise productivity with­ out doing violence to other forest uses, and the multiple uses of our forests. In my over the degree to which management prac­ NATIONAL FOREST MANAGEMENT opinion, the law we pass should em­ tices should be spelled out in legislation. The phasize the need for consultation with differences are reflected in three pieces of interdisciplinary teams knowledgeable in proposed legislation that have been the sub­ HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. s~vicultural, biological and wildlife prac­ ject of joint hearings held in mid-March by the Senate agriculture and interior commit­ OF CALIFORNIA tices, the sustained yield principles, the need for some boundaries on the size of tees. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES our clearcuts, the clarification of such One bill, introduced by the two Alaska Tuesday, March 30, 1976 senators, Mike Gravel and Ted Stevens, seeks definitions as mature, immature, even­ to buy time for a solution by putting a 2- Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. aged and mixed-aged management and year moratorium on enforcement of the Speaker, in the next month or two both the like. ' court decisions. Anot!ler, introduced by Hu­ the Senate and the House will be deeply Such legislation will take much bert H. Humphrey (D-Minn.), contains a involved in the issue of national forest thought and careful deliberation. I hope great deal of language about getting the For­ management. Hearings have already my distinguished colleagues will devote est Service to promulgate new standards and taken place in the House Agriculture some of th~i~ limited time to this subject, guidelines, and contains a provision that for our deCisiOns at this point could have would amend the offending portion of the Subcommittee on Forests and in a joint Organic Act. The most controversial bill is hearing of the Senate Agriculture and a very long-term effect. S. 2926, the National Forest Timber Reform Interior Subcommittees. Markup of legis­ I would like to insert into the CoNGRES­ Act of 1976, introduced in the Senate by Jen­ lation is expected before May 15. ~IONAL RECORD an article that appeared nings Randolph (D-W. Va.) and in the House These hearings provided an abundance m Science magazine, by Constance by George Brown (D-Calif.). This bill, if of information on the various forest Holden, on April 2, 1976. This article passed, would be the first major piece of practices which can stimulate soil summarizes the various bills which have legislation regulating timber management erosion, nutrient depletion, the spread been introduced, the reason for their since the Multiple Use-Sustained Yield Act introduction, and the hearings which of 1960. That act seeks to ensure that timber of disease and pests, water pollution, growth keeps up with tree sales, and sets watershed destruction, and harm to wild­ followed. I hope my fellow Representa­ forth the principle that equal consideration life, including the salmon in our Alaskan tives will take the time to read it. be accorded to six forest uses: rangeland, and Washington rivers and streams. I will end this personal perspective on wildlife, watershed, timber, recreation, and There are many ways to interpret these our national forest problems by quoting beauty. statements and, it would seem, there is the last sentence in that article: The importance of the Randolph bill in much which needs careful scrutiny. Pressures from commercial interests are the eyes of environmentalists may be indi­ But, the main question that, in my bound to mount, and it may well be that cated by the fact they have put together one of their single-purpose coalitions for the opinion, Congress is going to have to guidelines and policies, however well con­ sidered, will be no substitute for a little more occasion, in this case the Coalition to Save address is whether we believe that the inflexibll1ty, in the form of a law. Our National Forests, representing a number time has come to clarify the protection of environmental lobbying organizations. of the multiple uses of our national The article follows: According to Thomas Barlow-who is tak­ forests with more specific guidelL.'"les, and NATIONAL FORESTS: COURT RULING SPURS ing time off from the Natural Resources even a few definite parameters, so that CLEAR-CUTTING CoNTROVERSY Defense Fund to run the coalition-the pur­ future generations can experience the (By Constance Holden) pose of the bill is to put into law basic diversity and beauty of wilderness which Congressional hearings in March opened management guidelines, some of which are has taken thousands of years to evolve. the way for another noisy chapter in the already Forest Service policy, others of which 8786 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 30, 1976 are needed to bolster the service against what Products Association went so far as to issue (From the New Republic, Mar. 27, 19761 is perceived by environmentalists as a steady a press release warning residents of Los ON AND OFF THE ARAB'S LIST and perhaps unwitting slide into the lap of Angeles that they might have to lower their the timber industry. toilet paper consumption by 25 percent. (By Sol Stern) • The most visible feature of the bill is its Tom Barlow says everyone has been over­ For years the General Tire and Rubber Co. restrictions on clear-cutting. None would be reacting to this bill. He says, disingenuously of Akron, Ohio carried around an albatross allowed in the eastern hardwood forests ex­ in the minds of some, that the studies man­ known as the "Arab League Boycott of Is­ cept for purposes of benefitting wildlife or dated in the bill might well cause allowable rael." The company had originally been placed salvaging damaged timber. In the West, cuts to be increased. And if they do not, he on the Arab blacklist because it held a one­ where softwoods prevail, clear-cuts would be believes the law would have the beneficial ef­ third equity share in an Israeli tire company. limited to 25 acres (the Forest Service is now fect of causing timber companies to turn to Though General Tire and Rubber subse­ generally trying to keep them under 40 acres privately owned land, thereby putting money quently sold all its shares in 1963 it still but they are far larger in some places, par­ in the farmers' pockets. As for the wood couldn't get off the blacklist, ostensibly be­ ticularly Alaska) . The bill would supersede shortage that is projected if harvests are re­ cause it was honoring a technical services the Organic Act by permitting the cutting duced, be observes that elimination of waste agreement with the Israeli company. of immature trees where they are included and cutting back on exports of logs from the Then sometime in 1970 a man named Louis in a stand of predominantly mature ones or Northwest to Japan ought to be looked into Lauler approached the top executives of Gen­ for other purposes such as thinning or im­ before anyone talks about shortages. eral Tire and Rubber with a way out. Lauler proving habitat. The term clear-cutting is often used as said he represented Triad Financial Estab­ Also basic to restoring balanced manage­ a shorthand for a variety of practices en­ lishment, a Lebanese-based conglomerate ment, in the minds of the Randolph bill's vironmentalists don't like, such as inflated headed by a Saudi Arabian businessman supporters, is making sure that both even­ allowable cuts, short rotations, excessive use named Adnan Khashoggi. Triad had wide ex­ age and uneven-age practices are used. Even­ of pesticides, failure to regenerate cut areas, perience with the intricacies of getting off age (which means cultivating a stand so that failure to remove slash (leftovers), and prac­ the blacklist, according to Lauler, and he trees are all about the same age) predomi­ tices that lead to erosion and stream pollu­ showed a brochure with the names of other nates in the West and is closely associated tion. It is not the strident national issue it companies it had represented in such mat­ with clear-cutting. The bill says no single was 5 years ago, when rampant clear-cutting, ters. Anxious to get into the Arab market, system should predominate. particularly in Montana's Bitterroot National General Tire and Rubber agreed to accept An implicit premise of the bill is that Forest, came under intensive scrutiny by a Triad's services and a contract was signed. "multiple use-maximum sustainable yield" committee headed by Senator Frank Church The fee was $150,00Q--one-third immediately has become a frayed concept, stretched out (D-Idaho). The hearings resulted in the and the rest to be paid when the company of shape by pressures from industry. It seeks formulation of congressional guidelines that was finally removed from the list. to ensure that maximum yield (and hence have stemmed many of the worst practices. In 1973 the Arab boycott office in Damascus the amount of timber that should be cut) Many foresters feel the Church guidelines removed General Tire and Rubber and its is calculated from the biological data and is are quite sufficient to protect the national subsidiaries from the list. By that time the not influenced by steadily rising timber de­ forests from further abuse. But sustaining company had already terminated its contract mand. The Randolph bill, therefore, requires "multiple use" is becoming ever more of a with the Israelis. Nevertheless company of­ that multidisciplinary teams draw up a challenge as these uses increasingly conflict ficials thought that Triad had done the trick multiple use-maximum sustainable yield plan and overlap. By the year 2020 demands for and the final payment of $100,000 was made for each national forest. Sustainable yield rangeland are expected to increase by 80 per­ to a Triad subsidiary named Perea Est lo­ would have to be calculated within areas of cent, recreational demand is expected to dou­ cated in Vaduz, Liechtenstein-a well-kn~wn no more than 500,000 acres, rather than en­ ble; the Forest Service wants to double wil­ tax haven. tire forests; this would result in "even flow," derness areas, and the timber companies When I asked them to comment about the of timber, another cardinal principle of the want to haul out twice as many board feet. payment, General Tire and Rubber officials bill, according to James Moorman of the Pressures from commercial interests are insisted the company had done nothing im­ Sierra Club Legal Defense Fund, who helped bound to mount, and it may well be that proper. Vice President a~d General Counsel draft it. Instead of allowing an area to be guidelines and policies, however well-con­ Tress Pittenger said: "We paid a fee for pro­ cleared out and then leaving it for 50 years, sidered, will be no substitute for a little more fessional services to help us get off the list." he says, the bill would compel the Forest inflexibility in the form of a law. Asked what services Triad performed, Pitten­ Service to arrange sales that produced small­ ger said it helped his company in drawing er and more consistent cuts. up documents that had to be submitted to The timber industry has no use whatso­ the boycott office in Damascus. ever for this bill. Representatives call it Khashoggi and Triad have been character­ "forestry by prescription" that puts a AMERICAN COMPLIANCE WITH ized in recent news reports in The New York "straitjacket" on the professionals. Many THE ARAB BOYCOTT Times and The Washington Post as major foresters and wildlife managers don't like it conduits for mUlions of dollars of question­ either, even though its intent, according to able payments made in bribes paid by Amer­ Moorman, is to put more power into the ican companies to secure contracts in the hands of Forest Service experts and insulate HON. BELLA S. ABZUG Arab world. What is revealed here for the their judgments from pressures exerted by OF NEW YORK fist time is that American companies were high-level bureaucrats and industry interests. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES also paying to get off a boycott list that the Arabs claim is a principled part of their war Supporters of the bill believe legislation is Tuesday, March 30, 1976 necessary to prevent large parts of the forests against Israel. Furthermore, according to from being turned into short-rotation tree Ms. ABZUG. Mr. Speaker, Sol Stern General Tire officials, the company was able farms where huge stands of young even-age has published an important article on the to write off the full $150,000 as a normal trees are harvested, like wheat, for pulp. The Arab boycott which offers several ex­ business expense and the IRS allowed the kind of forest the bill envisages is a "long deduction. rotation, high quality timber forest filled with amples of compliance of American cor­ In retrospect it is not altogether surpris­ large trees," where the concept of "multi­ porations with Arab-imposed restrictions ing that the US government considers such ple use" would be a reality and not degen­ on business alliances, the so-called spe­ a payment to be a proper business expense erate into a meaningless euphemism (much cial instructions. in the Middle East. Since 1972, by its own as the call for a "balanced transportation Few American companies refuse to diplomatic behavior, the government has system" became the rallying cry for high­ abide by the Arab restrictions and those demonstrated that in the scramble for Arab way builders). petrodollars anything goes. that do, according to Mr. Stern, are then That signal came as early as June 8, 1974 To the industry and the Forest Service, discriminated against as part of a proc­ however, the bill is a prescription for an in­ when Henry Kissinger signed for the United efficiently managed forest that is both un­ ess abetted by the U.S. Government it­ States a far-ranging economic cooperation productive and uncongenial to wildlife. self. agreement with Saudi Arabia. The agree­ A case in point of administration com­ ment projected how the United States could They say it would inhibit the removal of "be helpful in the realization of Saudi aspi­ old, static growth to make way for new, fast­ pliance with the boycott is Mr. Kissin­ rations," and it established a Joint Commis­ growing stands, and they reject the bills def­ ger's argument, based on purely political sion on Economic Cooperation. The govern­ inition of physiological maturity, claiming ramifications, attempting to prevent Mr. ment commission has been the major vehicle it means a tree would actually have to be in Levi from filing suit against the Bechtel a state of decline before it could be cut. They for channeling billions of dollars of new busi­ also predict the new restrictions would cause Corp. ness into Saudi Arabia. All of it huwever has the annual amount of timber cut from Na­ Mr. Stern's article contains interest­ been on Saudi Arabia's terms-meaning ex- tional Forests to be reduced by up to 50 per­ ing examples of this problem, and I rec­ cent, and result in higher prices and in­ ommend it to my colleagues. • Sol Stern, a former editor of Ramparts, creased unemployment. The National Forest The article follows: writes frequently on Middle East affairs. March · 3o; 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8737 elusion of hundreds of blacklisted US com­ ment, and the goods were shipped to Kuwait, they have no opportunity to be present, nor panies plus discrimination against Ameri­ concluding what a spokesman for the Chemi­ are they afforded due process. Blacklisted can Jews. cal Bank called a "routine clerical trans­ companies often find out only by word of Henry Kissinger knows how seriously the action." mouth or through a self-serving press release Saudis take their anti-Semitism. During Kis­ Now it is a matter of public record that issued by the Damascus office. singer's very first meeting with the late King Kuwait's blacklist consists of some 1500 The boycott office has never officially re­ Faisal, in November 1973, the Saudi mon­ American companies, individuals and orga­ leased its boycott list but a Lebanese pub­ arch got things started with a ' lecture on nizations-including such household names lisher named Victor Bendaly supplements his the Jews. As authoritatively described by as RCA, Ford, Xerox, and Coca-Cola. Thus income by selling a version of the list. The Kissinger's bicgraphers, Bernard and Marvin when The Stanley Works as a condition of Senate subcommittee on multinational cor­ Kalb, Kissinger listened in silence as the sale attested that it was not "in any way af­ porations has released a 1972 Saudi Arabian King described how the Jews had led the filiated to any such company," it was sur­ copy. Those lists are striking illustrations of 1917 Russian revolution and then set up the rendering to a most sweeping restraint of how arbitrary and venal the whole operation expansionist state of Israel. Looking straight trade. is. Phil Silvers, Shelley Winters and Isaac at Kissinger, Faisal said that "all over the Why should a 100-year old firm, with 11,000 Stern are on one of the lists. The Shalom world [the Jews) were putting themselves employees and annual sales of around $500 Aleichem Folk Institute, a network of Yid­ into positions of authority." Faisal told Kis­ million succumb so easily? Representatives dish schools in New York, and Yeshiva Uni­ singer, according to the Kalbs, "that the of The Stanley Works refuse to answer that versity are on another, apparently for "mate­ Jews were trying to run the world, but that question out it is no secret that what is at rial contributions" to Israel. But the General he would stop them with his oil weapon." stake generally for American companies is an Electric Company, which sells Israel jet en­ Faisal at least tried to be as good as his Arab export market that totaled $5 billion gines for its fighter planes, is not on any word. The agreements his ministers signed last year and is expanding. Encouraged by list--obviously because the Arabs want jet with the United States note that the joint their government, almost all American firms engines too. On the other hand the Arabs programs will be "sensitive to the social, cul­ are indeed "routinely" complying with any found the Topps Chewing Gum Company to tural, politioa.l and religious contexts of boycott declarations requested of them by be a menace because it licensed an Israeli Saudi Arabia." Nothing in the agreements, their Arab customers-whether what is being factory to produce "Bazooka" bubble gum. however, indicates that the United States sold is jet fighter planes or household tools. Apart from the vagaries of the Arab League insisted on any relaxation of the boycott The boycott requirements are so pervasive blacklist , each Arab country has its own against US companies or of Saudi Arabia's that a businessman selling 100 crates of pop­ boycott office and is entitled to undo or add discrimination against American Jews. When corn to a customer in Libya has to declare to what has been done in Damascus. There­ I raised the question of Saudi Arabia's ex­ that he has "no direct or indirect contact fore there are 20 Arab boycotts, and the dis­ clu sion of Jews with Jackson Ream, a Com­ with Israel and would act on the grounds and parities are striking. merce Department official who works on the regulations of the Arab boycott of Israel." Saudi Arabia and the Persian Gulf sheik­ J oint U.S.-Saudi Commission, he shrugged Without even blinking the banks are now doms have added their own historical anti­ and said: "It's not just Jews. The Saudis do processing thousands of export documents Jewish bias to the general boycott require­ not permit Communists and atheists either." with declarations such as these. Yet at are­ ments. Companies working on contract in As to the boycott, though a federal statute cent New York State Assembly subcommittee Saudi Arabia are told not to bring in either states that it is U.S. policy to oppose boycotts hearing on the boycott, representatives of all Jewish personnel or products made by Jewish agJ.inst friendly countries, the administra­ the major banks insisted they were doing firms. Algeria, on the other hand, despite its t ion has made it abundantly clear that the nothing improper or unethical. All cited re­ milit ant rhetoric on the Arab-Israeli con­ Arab boycott is just one of those annoyances cent statements by Ford administration offi­ filet, is quite pragmatic when it comes to that must be put up with for the greater cials in support of their position. trade and has just quietly signed major con­ good of U.S. foreign and economic policy. In The Arabs themselves make it all sound tracts with two prominently blacklisted testimony before a congressional committee even more innocent. They tell Americans not firms. Though on the blacklist, the Ford Mo­ last December, Under Secretary of Com­ to worry about a boycott that does not dis­ tor Company sold trucks to the Jordanian merce James A. Baker said that while the criminate against anyone on ethnic or re­ army. administration is concerned about the re­ ligious grounds. The boycott, according to The one experience common to blacklisted strictive trade pmctices imposed on US com­ official Arab statements, is nothing but a firms is contact with those Axab "agents" panies by the boycott, that had to be balanced legitimate act of self-defense against IsraeL offering their good services. An official of the by the need to support "legitimate US in­ The issue, however, is not whether the Monsanto Company, blacklisted in 1966, Arabs have the right to boycott Israel but says: "There have been no end of agents terests in the Middle East." whether US institutions and companies are The interests on the economic side, ac­ coming to us and offering to get us off the forced to abandon their own principles and list for a fee. We decided we just weren't cording to Baker, are these: US exports to laws. Conceivably a boycott against Israel the Arab countries are expected to reach $10 going to pay baksheesh." Fortune magazine might be carried out so scrupulously that tells the story of how the Bulova Watch billion by 1980 and each billion of that total American Jews and other innocent parties represents 40,000 to 70,000 jobs for American Company hired a Syrian lawyer and paid him were not also hurt. The trouble with this a retainer to get them off the blacklist, only workers. Thus, said Baker, the administra­ particular boycott, though, is that it has t ion opposes all attempts to legislate against to discover soon after that their agent had never been very scrupulous about anything. appaTently emerged on the wrong side of the compliance with the boycott because it"... And what is worst of all is that those few could result in the loss of significant trade Syrian regime and was hanged in the Damas­ American firms that take American prin­ cus square. opportunities by US interests and business ciples seriously and refuse to knuckle under concerns." Often American companies are squeezed are then discriminated against as part of a simply because of inter-Arab rivalries or the American businessmen understand the process abetted by the US government itself. vested interests of the bureaucrats in Damas­ priorities. Consider the following transaction The Damascus boycott office is supposed cus. That seems to have been behind the recently concluded between a Connecticut to carry out the decisions of a boycott coun­ attempt of the boycott office to muscle the manufacturer and two businessmen in Ku­ cil consisting of one representative for each Chase Manhattan Bank in the '60s. wait. Several months ago the Kuwaits ordered of the 20 Arab League states. The council Chase Manhattan had been Israel's chief $4470 worth of household tools from The meets twice a year to consider adding or re­ fiscal agent in the United States since the Stanley Works in New Britain. To finance the moving firms from the blacklist and also to founding of the state--meaning that it deal the customers opened a line of credit amend the boycott regulations. Included handled Israel's bond issues. The Arabs knew with The Commercial Bank of Kuwait--a cor­ among the dozens of "violations" that could that and also knew it to be a direct viola­ respondent of New York's Chemical Bank. The get a firm or individual blacklisted are the tion of their boycott principles. Nevertheless, Chemical Bank in turn issued a standard following: establishing plants in Israel; Chase was never bothered-probably because letter of credit to The Stanley Works which granting licenses to Israeli companies; hold­ of its role in the Arab world, and its oil com­ included the following "special instruc­ ing shares in Israeli companies. Also in hot pany connections. tions": water are navigation companies that trans­ Then in July 1964, the boycott office sud­ "Documents must include your certifica­ port Jewish immigrants to Israeli and foreign denly issued a press release in Damascus an­ tion stating that the producing company or banks that grant loans to Israeli companies. nouncing that Chase had been blacklisted the company exporting the goods is not a The criteria are so elastic that Mohammed for violating the rules of the Arab boycott-­ company boycotted by the Ministry of Cus­ Mahgoub, the boycott office's Commissioner the charge was that the bank was "chief fis­ toms and Ports, Israel Boycott Office, State General for more than a decade, once said: cal agent for Israel." Commissioner General of Kuwait, and that it is not in any way "The boycott includes companies when it is Mahgoub gave the Arab countries six months affiliated to any such company." proven by definite evidence that they, their to settle their accounts with the bank. A declaration in exactly the above lan­ proprietors or controllers have Zionist in­ Shortly thereafter, as if to reinforce the seri­ guage was made by The Stanley Works on its clinations." ousness of the action, the Syrian govern­ invoice. The export documents were delivered It is questionable whether the boycott offi­ ment issued instructions for all banks op­ to the Chemical Bank's International De­ cials go about collecting any evidence at all. erating in the country to begin liquidating partment, where a clerk checked them o:fl' The council meetings are star chamber pro­ their transactions with Chase Manhattan. against the requirements of the letter of ceedings. Companies are never informed that Mahgoub kept the pot bo11lng with another credit. The Stanley Works then received pay- they are being considered for the blacklist; announcement from Damascus that Kuwait 8738 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 30, 1976 was calling off plans to deposit $200 milllon of the negotiations for an interim agreement over the moral issues raised by the blacklist. with Chase. In New York, however, the rep­ between Israe~ and Egypt, David Rockefeller Indeed, until very recently it was the policy resentatives of Kuwait denied any knowledge was part of a. delegation of Establishment of the Commerce Department to circulate to of the proposed $200 mtlllon deposit. The "wise men" who met with Henry Kissinger US firms commercial tenders containing NY Times quoted banking sources suggesting and offered support for Kissinger's criticism boycott requirements. One such tender re­ that Mahgoub was pressuring Chase to break of Israeli "intransigence." quired American companies bidding on a. with Israel with the proposed $200 m1111on One American company that took a clear contract to supply pre-fabricated buildings as "compensation." cut no-nonsense line with the boycott was to certify that the materials were not manu­ •Chase was not about to be bribed but it RCA, which was blacklisted in 1966 for factured "by any companies boycotted cffi­ was concerned enough to undertake a diplo­ granting a. license to an Israeli record com­ cia.lly by the Iraqi Government." The US ws:> matic campaign at the highest levels to "per­ pany to use the RCA label. Until that time thus fa.cilltating not only the boycott of suade" the Arabs to take ttie bank off the RCA had been doing about $10 million an­ Israel but restraint of trade against other list. John J. McCloy, the man Richard Rovere nually in sales to the Arab world. As a result American companies. once called the "Chairman of the American of the blacklisting it lost over 90 percent of The Anti-Defamation League went to court Establishment" and who was then a. Chase that business. Furthermore· RCA has been last year to get Commerce enjoined from director personally took the issue up in Cairo routinely cut out of contracts by other com­ further distribution of the tenders. The gov­ with President Nasser. A Chase Vice Presi­ panies trying to observe the boycott rules. ernment backed off and agreed to end the dent was dispatched to Jordan where U.S. And when the US government channels busi­ practice, thus conceding one small victory to Ambassador Robert Barnes introduced him ness into Saudi Arabia. RCA is automatically the anti-boycott forces. But an internal to the Jordanian representative on the boy­ excluded. Commerce memo at the time throws some cott councU. The approach used, according light on the administration's broader strat­ to Barnes, was that "it was counterproduc­ The licensing arrangement in Israel was not much of an offense-at least not com­ egy in the fight. Dated August 11, 1976, the tive for the Arabs to try to boycott bankS memorandum was written by Peter Hale, since you can't follow money." A similar ap­ pared to handling Israeli bonds-and it is clear that RCA could have maneuvered its Director of the Commerce Action Group for proach was used with the Lebanese repre­ the Middle East. Hale pointed out that the sentative to the boycott council. Chase also way off the list, just as Chase Manhattan and General Tire and Rubber did. But RCA State Department was already disturbed by submitted documents to the boycott office the Commerce Department's policy of dis­ denying it had violated the boycott rules. officials have consistently refused to deal, though they too have been contacted by seminating the tenders "in view of the con­ The at tempt to pressure Chase was led by sideration being given by Congress to more Syria with Mahgoub's support. Chase, how­ "agents" offering to intercede with the boy­ cott office-for a free. RCA's International restrictive legislation against the boycott." ever, was using its own leverage with the Hale went on to report that the State De- more moderate Arab states, such as Egypt. Vice President Eugene P. Seculow says: "Our position has been very simple. We believe in partment " ... may press for some change in The Egyptians had a $10 million outstanding our practice ... as a further effort to head loan from ·Chase and were looking for more­ firee trade and we are attempting to do busi­ ness everywhere in the world where it is not off damaging legislation." so they were willing to help. The strategy Aside from occasional gestures there have worked. After the next meet ing of the boy­ against US laws. But we won't comply in any way with the boycott or try to negotiat e our been only two moves by the federal govern­ cot t council, in January 1965, Mahgoub was ment to deal with the boycott directly. One forced t o back off and announced that the way off the list." Seculow called the boycott "capricious and insidious" in its effects on the action came when, after an independent in­ act ion against Chase Manhattan had been vestigation, the Justice Department con­ suspended because of the "certified docu­ US business community. A more sanguine view of the boycott is cluded that the secondary aspects of the boy­ ments" submitted by the bank. If the Com­ cott involved serious violations of US anti­ missioner General was disappointed. how­ offered by Robert Barnes, the ex-US am­ bassador who helped Chase Manhattan get -trust laws. Before the Justice Department ~ver , there is always new business for black­ went ahead with a planned landmark suit listers. A few weeks after the Chase affair off the list: "There are quiet ways to handle these things"---one way being a "contribu­ against the Bechtel Corporation, however, Mahgoub called another press conference to the State Department was allowed to pre­ announce t hat Sophia Lot:en was banned tion" in the form of an investment of devel­ opment capital in an Arab country. That is sent its views on the possible foreign policy throughout the Arab world for appearing in a impllcations of the case. Henry Kissinger movie about Israel. how the Ford Motor Company is now trying to do it. It has been negotiating with the was so concerned that he personally cabled Whatever was said in the documents sub­ Attorney General Levi from China, during mitted by Chase (no one at the bank today Egyptian government for over a year to get off the list through a proposed joint venture the President's trip there last November. Ac­ seems to know), the fact is that the bank cording to a highly placed State Department continues to handle Israel's bond issues, stlll to built a $150 million assembly plant in Egypt. Coca-Cola. and Xerox are reported to source, Kissinger's worry was that the anti­ a violation of section 18b of the boycott rules. trust action "could be seen by the Arabs as On the other hand, the bank is even more be involved in similar negotiations-all with the blessings of the US government. a. deliberate US government decision to act massively involved in the Arab world today, against their pollcy. Thus it could have had handling $1 billion in overnight deposits for One direct way out of the whole morass would be to make compliance with the boy­ an adverse effect on the peace-making the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency and a process." $200 million real estate portfolio for Kuwait. cott illegal for all American companies. At least a half dozen anti-boycott bills are now Levi held his ground, however, and the And the Arabs keep reminding Chase that suit was filed on January 16. It charged that they are watching its behavior. under consideration, the most far-reaching of which was introduced in the House by Bechtel, one of the biggest prime contractors Thus shortly after Chase Chairman David doing business with the Arab world, was re­ Rockefeller made a Middle East trip last year Elizabeth Holtzman (D, NY) and Peter Rodino (D, NJ) along with 60 co-sponsors. fusing to deal with Arab blacklisted U.S. Kuwait officials announced that they were subcontractors and for this purpose the com­ It would prohibit participation in the sec­ taking steps to put Chase on the blacklist pany maintained a boycott list. Bechtel's again. What had apparently angered the ondary aspects of the Arab boycott by Amer­ initial response did not deny compllance Kuwaitis was some chance remarks Rocke­ ican firms and provide stiff civil and crimi­ with boycott requirements but said the suit feller made in Jerusalem praising Israel for nal penalties. On the face of 1t support for was "unwarranted" in that the boycott was the way it maintained the city. Chase was such legislation appears strong. Newspaper not illegal under U.S. law. concerned enough to have a vice president editorials have been almost unanimous in In one more attempt by an independent stop off in Kuwait to explain things, and attacking an operation that by its very nature agency to go beyond previous administra­ eventually the Kuwaitis cooled off. In fact, runs counter to American principles of free­ tion policy, Federal Reserve Board Chairman as David Rockefeller himself subsequently dom of trade. The boycott hardly has a polit­ Arthur Burns last December sent out a letter acknowledged, it is highly unlikely that the ical constituency willing to make a. case for to all member banks warning them about the Arabs would do anything quite so drastic. it openly. practice of issuing letters of credit contain­ The Arab interest in an institution as power­ Furthermore, the anti-boycott position is ing boycott provisions. Such participation in ful as Chase is now much more along politi­ already mandated as official US policy. The the boycott, even "passively," was "in the cal lines. U1 timately it is the knowledge tha.t Export Administration Act of 1969 states board's view, a misuse of the privileges and they too "have a friend at the Chase" that that "it is the policy of the United states benefits conferred upon the banking com­ accounts for the willingness of the Arabs to (A) to oppose ... boycotts fostered or im­ munity." wink at the bank's continuing violation of posed by foreign countries against other Banking circles considered the warning their boycott rules. countries friendly to the United States, (B) practically a mandate from the agency they For its part Chase Manhattan is forever to encourage and request domestic con­ regard as their regulator. At least one major saying it has no politics, that it only wants cerns . . . to refuse to take any action, in­ bank., the Chemical, put a moratorium on to do business. But the record is that Chase cluding the furnishing of information or the issuing letters of credit involving boycott officials have intervened politically for the signing of agreements ... " that has the conditions. It was clear that if the ruling Arabs. In 1968 David Rockefeller and John J. effect of furthering those boycotts. The pro­ stood the whole pattern of boycott condi­ McCloy, along with several prominent oil­ posed new legislation puts teeth into what all tioned trade with the Arab countries would men, met with President-elect Nixon to urge concede to be US policy. be disrupted. on him a. Mideast policy more friendly to the What the anti-boycott forces have been up The banks were in a state of consterna­ Arabs. During the 1973 war McCloy urged the against however is an administration deter­ tion and so was the State Department, the Nixon administration not to ship arms to mined to pursue its Mideast policies with­ Commerce Department and the Treasury De­ Israel. Last year, shortly after the breakdown out having to confront the Arabs in any way partment. All made strong representatiollE' March 30, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8739 to the Federal Reserve Board asking for I was not present on the fioor due to 5. The giving of clear, unequivocal, signals to all concerned that U.S. policy and actions what one bank official called a "liberaliza­ my attendance at these hearings. Had I tion" of Burns' ruling. Bowing to the pres­ been present, I would have voted "no" support a democratic sharing of power in sure Chairman Burns issued a new clarify• Rhodesia and independence for Namibia, ing letter in January. The key words were on roll No. 139, "no" on roll No. 140, and and condemn the system of apartheid in that the previous letter "was not intended to "no" on roll No. 141. South Africa. (Have we explored the extent create a new legal obligation for banks." to which we can/should endorse the positions The new letter also said that primary re­ of the OAU and the United Nations in south­ sponsibility for implementing and enforcing U.S. FOREIGN POLICY IN SOUTHERN ern Africa? What is our present policy stand u.s. policy on the boycott rested with the AFRICA on Rhodesia, Namibia and apartheid in Department of Commerce. The banks uttered South Africa? To whom and how have we/ a collective sigh of relief and went back to do we communicate such policies?) issuing their letters of credit. They already HON. LEE H. HAMILTON With the potential that presently exists knew how the Commerce Department en­ for armed conflict between the Popular Move­ forces U.S. policy. OJ' INDIANA ment and South Africa, I wonder what the In all fairness the responsiblity should not IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES U.S. response would be if a major confron­ be borne by the Commerce Department alone. tation were to erupt tomorrow between the Peter Hale, the Commerce Department's boy­ Tuesday, March 30, 1976 two groups; or if, in the future, the Popular cott man, says: "Basically US policy on the Mr. HAMll..TON. Mr. Speaker, I would movement were to begin overtly aiding in boycott falls under the umbrella of Henry like to bring to my colleagues' attention a war to liberate Namibia. Kissinger. It is a question of US foreign pol­ a recent exchange of letters that I had In my view our rhetoric and policies dur­ icy." As presented by a high department offi­ ing the Angolan conflict have increased the cial in a recent background briefing, here with the Department of State. The topic likelihood of the U.S. coming to the aid of then is the State Department's view of why was present and future U.S. policy in South Africa in the event of such a con­ there should be no confrontations with the Southern Africa. frontation. We have been driven by Soviet Arabs over the boycott: "The US has a major The letters follow: diplomacy much more into the open con­ interest in preserving the peace in the Mid­ HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, cerning our previously tacit, but strong, dle East,•• said the official. "It is our overrid­ Washington, D.C., February 26, 1976. support of South Africa. My mention of the ing political concern. But it takes two sides Hon. HENRY KISSINGER, Soviet Union does not imply, however, that to make peace and the Arabs are at least 50 Secretary of State, Department of State, I see the conflict in southern Africa strictly, percent. To play a role we must be seen by the Washington, D.C. or even principally, in terms of a communist/ Arabs as at least aware of their problems-at DEAR MR. SECRETARY: I WOUld like to share non-communist struggle. To characterize the least reasonably sympathetic. They want to with you several concerns I have about pres­ conflict in such terms overlooks and under­ be seen as people who have a just cause." ent and future U.S. policy in southern Africa. estimates, in my opinion, the numerous local The official went on to say that the Arabs I would also like to put forward a few per­ and regional factors and personalities in­ have reason to believe that the boycott pre­ sonal thoughts for your consideration. volved in the conflict. And it tends to border vents Isra.el from getting stronger, that The likelihood of further polarization in on an ethnocentric view of the world. there is a consensus among them on this and southern Africa between black Africa and My worry is that circumstances and our they can't be talked out of it. The depart­ South Africa disturbs me. I hope that our present policies in southern Africa may lead ment is aware of the boycott, it is opposed policy would foster more dialogue and less to the U.S. helping (even if helping only by to it and it urges companies not to abide confrontation in the area. I would suggest not opposing) South Africa defend her pos­ by it. But, said the official, "the only effective consideration of several interrelated initia­ session of Namibia and her system of apar­ way to reduce the boycott and ultimately tives in particular: theid against black Africa and her allies. eliminate it is to solve the Arab-Israeli con­ 1. No U.S. support, either through money, I would appreciate your. comments. flict." arms or encouragement for a protracted Sincerely, In other words, until US diplomacy suc­ guerrilla war in Angola. (Is the U.S. con­ LEE H. HAMU.TON, M.C. ceeds in bringing the millennium to the Mid­ tinuing-directly or indirectly, materially or dle East, Americans will just have to put up otherwise-to encourage and supply either DEPARTMENT OF STATE, with political and economic blackmail. It is FNLA or UNITA? Is there stlll an active clear that whether it is in the form of Washington, D.C., March 19, 1976. movement attempting to effect the secession Hon. LEE H. HAMlLTON, "agents' fees" or increased "capital develop­ of Cabinda from Angola? Are we either di­ ment" or just plain political kowtowing, the The House of Representatives, International rectly or indirectly involved in encouraging Relations Committee, Washington, D.C. major function of the Arab boycottt is to such a movement?) exact tribute. And as long as a blacklist of DEAR CONGRESSMAN HAMILTON: The Secre­ 2. E1forts to facilitate the reaching of an tary has asked me to convey to you his ap­ American companies is accepted as a routine "African solution" in the area, including the part of doing business in the Middle East, preciation for your letter of February 26, in reconciliation of Zambia and Zaire with the which you asked timely questions about the there will be no end to the threats and in­ Popular Movement in Angola. (Have we com­ timidation. That prospect is morally com­ role of the United States in southern Africa. municated any desire on the part of our He shares your concern about how to foster pounded by the government's double-talk government for such a solution to either more dialogue and avoid violent confronta­ about opposing boycotts. Zambia or Zaire? Have we asked either Zam­ tion in that troubled part of the world. We The Justice Department's suit against the bia or Zaire how U.S. policy might fac111tate­ also want to give you our thoughts on the Bechtel Corporation, if pursued to a suc­ even if by not hindering-the reaching of cessful conclusion, could do something to specific suggestions and comments you made. such a solution?) 1. We are not supporting a protracted restore the balance-despite the State De­ 3. Immediate efforts to better our relation­ partment. But that is likely to involve years guerrilla war in Angola. Since the Senate ship with the Popular Movement which vote on December 19, no further funds have of litigation. In the meantime the ball is now would lead to early recognition of the MPLA with Congress, where support for anti-boy­ been obligated for the support of FNLA or as the legitimate government of Angola. (Are UNITA. Military equipment is no longer being cott legislation is on the rise. Making it ille­ other U.S. companies in addition to Gulf and supplied by the U.S. to either group. How­ gal for American companies to comply with Boeing being encouraged to renew or ini­ the boycott might force Henry Kissinger, de­ ever, funds necessary for the resettlement of tiate business contacts and/or investments FNLA and UNITA personnel, as well as for spite himself, to say something about Ameri­ in Angola? What is the time-frame that matters associated with ending our involve­ can principles the next time he sits down you presently contemplate for our recog­ with a prince from Saudi Arabia. ment, are still being spent. As for Cabinda, nizing the Popular Movement? What do you recent reports of fighting there indicate that feel are the considerations upon which even­ the Front for the Liberation of the Enclave tual recognition turns? the •timing of Zaire's of Cabinda (FLEC) are stlll active there,· PERSONAL EXPLANATION or Zambia's recognition? the withdrawal of although they do not seem to have made any Cuban troops?) major headway in challenging MPLA con­ 4. Efforts to be more supportive of the na­ trol of Cabinda. We are not now, nor have HON. WILLIAM LEHMAN tions of Tanzania, Zambia, Mozambique and we ever been, involved in any way with sup­ OF FLORmA now Angola in ·their nation-bullding e1forts. porting or encouraging FLEC or any Cabinda IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (What aid are we presently giving these secessionist movement. Our position remains nations? What type of aid is presently being that the question of Cabinda is a matter Tuesday, March 30, 1976 contemplated? military assistance? economic to be decided by Africans alone. Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. Speaker, on Mon­ assistance? Have we or do we recognize the 2. Regarding Zaire and Zambia, we have material and human sacrifices these nations been in continuous and close contact with day, March 29, the Subcommittee on have made and continue to make in their both governments concerning the peaceful Manpower, Compensation, and Health support of the liberation struggle in south­ resolution of outstanding issues in the re­ and Safety of the Education and Labor ern Africa? How wise is the policy of tying gion. We are not attempting to dictate the Committee held a hearing in North U.S. economic aid to individual foreign coun­ course of action either country should fol­ Miami on the National Workers' Com­ tries on the political stands taken by those low. In fact, their actions, and the course pensation Act. countries at the United Nations?) of their relations with Angola, will be an 8740 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 30, 1976 important factor in the determination of 9. The United States has recognized the POSTAL SERVICE TAKES A LICKING U.S. policy towards Angola. · .hardships which Mozambique must undergo 3. In addition, the Soviet and Cuban role in closing its borders with Rhodesia. We in Angola will continue to be a prime con­ commend Mozambique for its response to HON. PHILIP M. CRANE sideration in our policy. We remain con­ resolutions of the United Nations Security OF ILLINOIS cerned about the presence of massive num­ Council which imposed economic sanctions IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES bers of Cuban forces and smaller numbers of on the illegal ~overnment in Rhodesia. The Soviet technicians in Angola. As Secretary US voted for the recent Security Council res­ Tuesday, March 30, 1976 Kissinger has stated all along, however, we olution which calls for assistance to Mozam­ do not object to the MPLA as an African bique so that it can bear the economic costs Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, Jack Mab­ movement. Therefore, there is every prospect of closing those borders. We will give favor~ ley, a popular columnist for the Chicago of our dealing with the MPLA once it is clear able consideration to assistance to Mozam­ Tribune, has endorsed my legislation to that they are indeed an African government bique for this purpose. permit private competition in the car­ and not totally beholden to foreign influence. In addition, we are waiting for a Mozam­ riage of first-class mail. In a series of Naturally, it is not possible at this point to bican response to our January 1975 offer to columns on the Postal Service, Mabley give a precise time frame in which this might send an economic survey team to Mozam­ stated: happen. We wm be watching events in bique to study economic cooperation. AID has Angola closely and paying particular atten­ included $5 million in loan funds in its Congress is going to have to decide whether tion to the actions of friendly African coun­ budget request for possible development as­ it wants to run the mail system as a service tries that are most immediately concerned. sistance to Mozambique in FY 1976. We con­ subsidized by general taxation, or whether We will make our decision in the light of tributed $850,000 to a UN program for ref­ the delivery of mail should be handled by the actions of the authorities in Angola and ugee resettlement and $250,000 to purchase whoever can perform best for the lowest cost, the views of other countries with which we seed supplies distributed to victims of a 1975 whether it be the government or private have been closely associated. flood of the Limpopo River. enterprise. As for U.S. business activities in Angola, we 10. The United States Government, Mabley concluded: are currently taking no action either to through repeated public statements and Giving private enterprise a shot at mall encourage or to discourage American firms related concrete actions, has made its posi­ delivery would seem to be a can't-lose gam­ from doing business there. tion favoring majority rule in Rhodesia and ble. 4. Regarding aid to Angola, we are prepared Namibia and opposing apartheid in South to provide assistance through international Africa clear to all parties concerned with Mabley offers a cogent analysis of the agencies for relief and reconstruction. We southern African questions. The most re­ shortcomings of the present system of have contributed $675,000 for disaster relief cent public comment on our policy concern­ mail delivery. His graphic examples and there, $600,000 of which has been given to ing Rhodesia and Namibia appeared in Sec­ his concise arguments suggest that the the International Committee of the Red retary Kissinger's statement before the Sen­ to Cross (ICRC). The ICRC has informed us ate Foreign Relations Committee Bicenten­ only alternative the present postal that it will require an additional $6.4 million nial Hearing on March 16. The Secretary situation is to permit private competition for an expanded relief effort in Angola dur­ said: "We want to see self-determination, in the delivery of first-class mail. ing the first six months of this year, and racial justice, and human rights spread I would like to share Mr. Mabley's we are presently preparing a response to this throughout Africa. As President Ford has thoughts with my colleagues in the Con­ appeal. recently made clear again, majority rule in gress, and I would also like to repeat my 5. We believe that Zambia and Zaire are Rhodesia and Namibia is the unequivocal call for significant postal reform in the the best judges of what their respective rela­ commitment of the United States." We have tions should be with the MPLA. We have not near future. Otherwise, we in the Con­ supported UN sanctions against Rhodesia to to proposed any specific approach or volun­ and the determination by the International gress will have answer our constit­ teered our services since this is a matter for Court of Justice that South Africa's con­ uents for the ever-increasing cost and the African states to sort out among them­ tinued occupation of Namibia was 1llegal. the ever-decreasing quality of service. selves. As we have frequently stated, our policy Mr. Speaker, the text of Mr. Mabley's 6. There has been considerable misunder­ towards South Africa is based on our long­ articles follows: standing about American economic assist­ standing support for the principle of self­ POSTAL SERVICE TAKES A LICKING ance. We do not tie the question of economic determination, on the inherent opposition aid to a given country's stand in the UN. A (By Jack Mabley) decision to grant or not grant aid involves of the American people to the South The cost of mailing a first class letter may many factors--the country's needs, our own African Government's policies of institu­ go up to 17 cents as early as next November, capabilities, and the overall state of rela­ tionalized racial discrimination (apartheid), according to some who know how financially tions between that country and the U.S. and on our determination to encourage sick the Postal Service is. Voting patterns at the UN are part of the peaceful change in South Africa by sup­ other rises wlll follow unless there is a picture, but by no means the dominant ele­ porting constructive alternatives to the use turnabout in the Postal Service management. ment. of force. OUr comprehensive arms embargo Speculation has gone as high as 48 cents for 7. We are very concerned about Zambia's against South Africa, and our refusal to use a first class stamp. economic problems. We are presently study­ South African ports for US Naval ship calls Congress is getting uneasy about repeatedly ing how, in conjunction with other govern­ are specific actions we have taken to under­ being asked to pump money into the Postal ments, the IMF and IBRD, and private lend­ line our objections to apartheid. Service to keep it running. Congress sup­ ing institutions, we may be able to help We cannot predict the US response to a posedly took politics out of the mail when Zambia deal with its pressing balance of hypothetical situation, such as a further it set up the Postal Service in 1970 with or­ payments deficit. No specific US aid figures Soviet or Cuban intervention in southern ders to conduct it as a business. That meant have been determined. The question of pos­ Africa. Secretary Kissinger reiterated on making a profit. sible military assistance to Zambia is also March 16 that the US wished to see the Looking at the Postal Service mess, I often being studied but no decisions on this issue African continent free of great power wonder how the service would be if it were have been made. We have long recognized rivalry. We have our own interests in seeing run by the Bell Telephone System. For a vari­ Zambia's commitment to majority rule in that local conflicts there not be exploited ation, I also fantasize how our telephone sys­ Rhodesia and its interest in other southern and exacerbated by outside forces interven­ tem would be working if it were run by the African issues. ing for their own purposes. In this context, Postal Service. I'm sure we'd be paying at 8. We have given substantial economic we are very strongly opposed to direct So­ least 50 cents for a call from a phone booth. assistance to Tanzania. From 1958-1974 we viet or Cuban intervention in local confiicts This speculation has some pertinence today provided $58 million in development assist­ in southern Africa. We would of course not because there is growing support in Congress ance and $35 million in PL-480 Title II intervene in a purely local conflict our­ for a bill to allow private enterprise to go into assistance, as well as $34 million in loans for selves. the business of delivering first class mail. the TanZam Highway-a total of $127 mil­ To sum up, we have not and wlll not sup­ Present law prohibits any but the Postal lion. AID commitments in FY 1975 totaled port the minority regime in Rhodesia, South Service delivering mail. $38 million--$17 million in development Africa's occupation of Namibia, nor the sys­ James Rademacher, president of the Na­ assistance, $8 mlllion in PL-480 Title I sales tem of apartheid. We want to see a peaceful tional Association of Letter Carriers, thinks and $13 million in emergency drought re­ resolution of these problems. But we remain the administration is ready to give private lief. The planned program for FY 1976 is $14 opposed to foreign mtlitary intervention !n industry the job. Ronald Reagan suggested million in development assistance, $5 million local conflicts, including those in southern the idea in his controversial plan to cut the in Title I sales and $13.5 m1111on in Title II Africa. budget $90 billion. grants. We have not provided mil1tary assist­ Postmaster Gen. Benjamin Bailar and his ance to Tanzania in the past, nor is such Sincerely, hierarchy strongly oppose repeal of the 200- assistance contemplated. We have always RoBERT J. McCLOSKEY, year-<>ld monopoly-with good reason. The recognized Tanzania's support for the libera­ Assistant Secretary for Congressional 13-cent stamp we buy to put on a letter tion struggle in southern Africa. Relatiom. helps subsidize the rest of the postal opera- March ·30, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8741 tion-processing and delivery of packages Sloan said. "When we got back we couldn't pay a steep price," says Benjamin Franklin and periodicals, the second, third, and fourth do anything because the facmty wasn't 'on Bailar, the postmaster general. "It may find class mail. line.' That means it wasn't operating. It the first-class stamp becoming a luxury item The law says that each class of mail must was like in the Army: You do what you can in the next decade, and the Postal Service a pay its own way. Tlle law is circumscribed to try to look busy. And we were getting ponderous and costly leftover from simpler, by foggy bookkeeping. Literally nobody $11,900 and up. more affi.uent times." knows for sure how much of that 13-cent "Maybe 20 of us couldn't stand the bore­ Mr. Ballar was born in Champaign 42 years stamp goes to subsidize other mail. Some dom and asked to be transferred to other ago and was an American Can Co. executive experts insist if the law were followed we places until it opened up. I went to New before joining the Postal Service. He is mak­ could mail a letter for 7 or 8 cents. York. ing frightening statements about the Postal The Postal Service does have competition "You know, if anyone other than the Service for two main reasons. One is to pre­ on package delivery. And if the Postal Service Postal Service mismanaged spending the way pare the public for cuts in service and higher they do, they might be in jail. were an unsubsidized private business it rates. The other is to persuade Congress to would have sunk into bankruptcy long ago. "They've got something that can work at increase taxpayer support of the service. The Postal Service handles live chickens, BMC. We can help the public, and that in­ cludeS me. I'm the public. I pay taxes. I mail But Mr. Bailar's scare talks are having an­ and United Parcel Service won't handle live other and unwelcome [to him) effect. He is chickens. Otherwise, UPS has it all over the letters. What we're saying is if we can't take Postal Service in cost, speed, and efficiency. this to the public, things are going to get making a case for a law allowing private The Postal Service is reducing Saturday worse." competition in the delivery of letters. deliveries in parts of New York and the East, He and Gordon cited instances of spend­ The U.S. Postal Service is in competition and also is reducing business deliveries. ing huge sums on equipment that didn't with United Parcel Service and other pri­ Bailar is making threatening noises about work or was out of spec when it came and vate carriers in the movement of packages cutting home delivery to three days a week. now sits on skids in the building. and periodicals. UPS, the largest, is carry­ This is the bargaining device to make us "The container unloaders at BMC unload ing. more packages than the heavily sub­ feel grateful when they decide to drop Satur­ incoming mail and dump it on conveyor sidiZed Postal Service, is making a profit, day deliveries but retain Monday through lines," he said. "These machines are the paying taxes, and giving better service. Friday schedules. same at all BMCs and the contai:aers go from I've known my present mailman for 30 Each cutback digs the Postal Service one center to the other. years and we're old friends. But he almost farther into the red. It needs more mail, not "One of our machines didn't work, the never delivers packages any more. The other less, to survive. It's on a can't-win course. other did. Instead of fixing the machine that day the driver of the big brown UPS truck Rep. Phil Crane, Republican from the didn't work, they modified 5,000 containers." waved at me as he drove past my yard. He's northwest suburban area, is the principal [Jacob Rabinow, chief of the office of in­ the package man now. vention and innovation at the federal Bu­ sponsor of the bill to allow private mail Congress is going to have to decide wheth­ delivery. reau of Standards, told the Postal Rate Com­ mission: er it wants to run the mail system as a serv­ In a Jan. 16 report, the federal Council ice subsidized by general taxation, or wheth­ on Wage and Price Stability stated, " ... ["The post office has been plagued for years by this practice of doing things on a crash er the delivery of mall should be handled by permitting competition to the Postal Serv­ whoever can perform best for the lowest ice's first-class mail service probably would basis because Congress is after them. This is because their engineers are not only in­ cost, whether it be the government or pri· result in significant benefits to the economy vate enterprise. and the mail user." competent because of lack of on-hand ex­ perience, but because of their incompetence Secure in the fact that it couldn't go bank­ The Council noted that since 1971 first rupt, couldn't go out of business because class rates have risen 63 per cent while the they also are afraid of criticism, afraid to stand up for their belief and argue with the Congress has always been there with a hand­ consumer price index was going up 35 per out, the Postal Service has run hundreds of cent. While federal civilian worker wages people who control the money.'') Back to Sloan and Gordon: millions of dollars in the red. The General were rising 38 per cent from 1970 to '75, Accounting Office has examined the postal postal workers' pay rose 60 per cent. "We've had to take 400 rollers out and The average postal employee, excluding rebuild them in a machine shop. They were operation and reported a succession of bust­ bullt to post office specs that held concen­ ness horrors that would quickly have sunk management, will receive $16,100 this year an unsubsidized company. including benefits. For 1978 the existing con­ tricity to less than one-thirty-second of an tract calls for an average pay of $18,700. inch. They had to be built to less than one The postal unions have virtually written Users of the Postal Service for the most two-thousandth of an inch to last. their own tickets, with the Postal Service part don't begrudge decent wages for the "Any apprentice with a couple of years' knuckling under rather than risk a strike. workers. And the postal employes themselves experience would know this kind of crap. The present contract will bring average pos­ want to work, want to deliver the mail, but It goes on and on. The mounting plates on tal pay to $18,700 a year, including the value are strangling in red tape and incompetence the air compressors in the balcony were too of benefits, by fiscal 1978. from above. A classic case will be described light. Despite a no-strike agreement in effect at in Monday's column. "They bought two big boilers for the roof, the time, the postal employes' representa­ but then found they hadn't made the roof tives threatened a walkout during negotia­ heavy enough to hold the right size boiler. tions for the current contract. The no-strike BULK MAIL CENTER FILLED WITH TROUBLE "So they had to put up light boilers that clause was given by the employes in return (By Jack Mabley) constantly broke down because they weren't for an agreement by management not to lay big enough to do the job. off workers, even during slack man periods. The Postal Service Bulk Mail Center is a "And supervisors! They're falling over each Few major businesses could survive such a vast two-story building on Roosevelt Road other. On my shift, for 35 mechanics there clause. in west suburban Forest Park where pack­ are five foremen and one superintendent. ages mailed in the Chicago area are sorted Documentation of multimillion dollar in­ You have a foreman for every seven men. vestments in mail handling systems that and sent on to their destinations. With Univac when I worked at Marshall Your 13-cent stamp helps subsidize this don't work, or don't do the job any better Field's we had 100 people with one area than machines that cost one-tenth as much, operation, which was supposed to revolu­ supervisor. I was a staff sergeant in the tionize the handling of bulk mail. Two abounds in the GAO reports. Marine Corps and had more than 100 under While I was writing the previous sentence, leaders of the employes at the BMC think me. Maybe I don't know. I'm just a coun­ the public should know how the place is run. a Lake Forest merchant phoned and told try boy from Alabama, but I think there are how it takes seven days to get a package to Ed Sloan Jr. is a gravel-voiced, 32-year-old too many supervisors. ex-Marine who was drafted into the presi­ a client in Racine. The package goes from "The guy who designed the BMC system is Lake Forest to Forest Park to Milwaukee to dency of the BMC local of the American a genius. It can work. But it has to have Postal Workers Union. With him in our talks Racine. common, ordinary business practices. If the He's lucky. If he wanted to sent a package was Robert Gordon, 49, president of the president of Univac or mM or Control Data maintenance craft unit of the union. 103 miles from Pensacola, Fla., to Panama were to come and have the authority to do City, Fla., the Postal Service's bulk mail These are highlights of several hours of what needs to be done, it would work." conversation. routing system would send his package 1,546 The private United Parcel Service moves miles to New Orleans to Memphis to Jackson­ "We have two Lift-A-Loft fork lifts," Sloan packages at lower cost, faster, and with less explained. "They cost $35,000 each. They're ville to Panama City. breakage than the Postal Service. Commented The routing for the 76 miles from Lafay­ beautiful. But the beams in most of the Dan Buckley of UPS: "You don't just put a building are so low you can't drive under ette, La., to Lake Charles, La., is New Or­ computer in and solve your problems. We leans to Memphis to Dallas to Houston to them. constantly assess sorting systems. we put in "You can run them around an area about Lake Charles, a total of 1,400 miles. The GAO a lot of systems that are not highly automat­ says routings like this abound. 150 square feet. They had to modify the ed." building to get them in; now they can't get The Postal Service recently bought 17 them out. They had to get two smaller fork facer cancelers for $8.7 million. The ma­ lifts to do the work." POSTAL SERVICE NEEDS COMPETITION chines were to replace the Mark n facer can­ Sloan was hired in 1972 and sent to Okla­ (By Jack Mabley) celer, which cost $425,000 now. The GAO says homa for eight weeks of training in mainte­ "If the public elects to continue the postal both types of machines operate in the same nance. "They sent 103 of us there to train," system in its present form, it will have to speed range, but the labor costs to operate 87f12 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 30, 1976 and maintain the expensive model are as The standard camouflage used by groups nail right on the head in his column, en­ great or greater than on the existing model. seeking to promote terrorism through Mandel titled "Murdering Free Speech at Cor­ A new optical character reader replaces is the description of him as "a Marxist econ­ nell," which I include at this point: two multiple-position sorting machines that omist." That is the description of him used cost $300,000. The new machine cost $32.6 in the People in the News section of the New MURDERING FREE SPEECH AT CORNELL million. The GAO reported that the new York Post, Feb. 12, in announcing his forth­ (By William F. Buckley, Jr.) machine cuts down manpower "but these coming appearance at Stanford as guest NEW YORK.-On Dec. 9, Marshal Ky rose to savings are offset by the optical reader's teacher. speak at Bailey Hall in Cornell University. greater costs in computer support and main- Until I read the astonishing announce­ Not quite on schedule, because an unan­ tenance." , ment, I had thought every responsible uni­ nounced speaker first harangued the crowded So it goes in Benjamin Franklin Ballar s versity administration in our nation knew hall on the theme of Ky as a mass murderer, Postal Service. He sees little ahead but all about Mandel. Can it be Stanford's assassin and fascist, who jailed, tortured and higher priced stamps and cuts in service. doesn't? killed tens of thousands of people. Giving private enterprise a shot at mail de­ In the event this is indeed the case and as The self-invited speaker was Michael Pa­ livery would seem to be a can't-lose gamble. an aid to parents of university students renti, a visiting professor-of government. throughout the nation who don't want their Perhaps he is holding down the chair left sons and daughters to become intellectually vacant five years ago when the distinguished entrapped into the kind of brainwashing that professor Walter Berns left Cornell in protest LffiERALS AND TERRORISM leads them to fanaticism and violence, here against the university's failure to discipline are the facts about Mandel: students who occupied critical parts of the He is editor in Brussels, Belgium, of the university using only rifies. radical Trotskyite revolutionary magazine Most of the crowd-Jim Myers' account in HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK "La Gauche" (The Left) which describes it­ the Ithaca Journal is exemplary in its de­ OF OHIO self as the combat arm of the People's Revo­ tall-loved it. So that when Marshal Ky IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lutionary Armies. walked on stage he was greeted with derision, Mandel is the "economist" who told the abuse and obscenities. He announced that in Tuesday, March 30, 1976 Socialist Scholars at Rutgers University in deference to the temper of the audience he 1968, "Students are the detonators in the would suspend his prepared speech and de­ Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, our formula for triggering off a social explosion liberals have a peculiar outlook on ter­ vote the evening to answering questions. But creating a revolutionary situation". he asked, would the audience please give rorism and violence. We saw the identity Ever since students in France triggered off him just two minutes in which to make a that many of the SDS'ers and the pro­ a social explosion in May, 1958, that nearly statement? He proceeded, but two minutes testers of the 1960's had with the Ameri­ toppled the French government, Mandel has proved too great a tax on the patience of can liberal establishment. Somehow or been banned in that country for his com­ the Ku Kluxers. plicity in the explosion. other, the Berrigans, the Jerry Ru~ins, "Nothing Ky said could appease the pro­ the Black Panthers, the Eldridge Brussels newspapers directly charged that testers in the slightest," reported the Jour­ Mandel's Trotskyite People's Revolutionary nal, "and, in the end, as missiles and, it Cleavers were chic. Oh yes, a little over­ Army was responsible for the kidnapping and exuberant, the liberal would say, but appeared, eggs and rotten fruit began to fiy murder of Sallustro in Argentina, the Italian towards the stage, Ky stepped back from the basically a part of the reform movement automobile executive. podium, waited as the disruption grew, and in. this country which would put us on Mandel's magazine La Gauche boasts that finally left the hall, escorted by Cornell the right track. Mandel is general secretary of the Trotskyite Safety Division officers." The good people were rioting in the Communist Revolutionary Fourth Interna­ During the question period Ky was not so streets and the idiots were in Vietnam tional with ties to People's Revolutionary much asked as informed that he was a fighting, we would hear. Just like now Liberation Armies throughout the Third fervent admirer of Adolf Hitler (Ky said he World. wasn't-his legendary reference had been they say that the brave are in Canada After Mandel had appeared at the Socialist and Sweden. Liberals somehow come to only to Hitler's skills as a leader in the early Scholars Conference in 1968, the U.S. refused 30s. In the same breath he had named Nas­ grips with leftist subversion, terrorism, to grant him re-entry to our country for hav­ ser); b) a dope smuggler (Ky denied it), and or violence. The campuses were full of ing violated provisions of his visitor's visa. c) a land-thief (Ky explained that the land those revolutionaries in the 1960's and we In my judgment, no nation wishing to ­ he "took" was undeveloped land, available might well wonder what they are doing avoid terrorism can afford to permit him to to any Vietnamese who undertook to develop indoctrinate young minds and carry on his today. Alice Widener in one of ~er.syn~­ it). nefarious People's Liberation Armies con­ A typical question was "How do you sleep cated columns gives us some mdication spiracies and activities. of what has happened to them. I include at night?"-no doubt asked by a young Everybody who read my columns and my member of the revolutionary nob1llty whose that article at this point in the RECORD: articles in Barron's National Business and scars date back to when he was sent to sleep [From the Columbus, Ohio Dispatch, Financial Weekly in January and February, by his mother without a popsicle. The pre­ Feb. 22, 1976] 1968, knows I warned Americans about the sumed hero of the evening was not a student, TERRORISM LIES AHEAD lF REVOLUTIONISTS forthcoming "Ten Days in April" violent but an assistant professor of philosophy, TEACH campus revolution. When it occurred, AP and Richard Mlller, who wanted to know what UPI rang my phone day and night for ac­ Ky was doing there. He added: "The object (By Alice Widener) curate research information. Are California and the U.S. going to have of any people's court I've heard about is to I now warn the American public that 1f find out if someone is a murderer and, if he a hot spring this Bicentennial year? The Mandel of Belgium is permitted to become is, to shoot him." answer is yes, if the student senate at Stan­ guest teacher at Stanford University this Ky having finally withdrawn, a protester ford University in California has its revolu­ spring, the consequences will be further out­ took the stage and announced elatedly, "We tionary way. By a vote of 12-to-3, it has in­ breaks of violence and terrorism in our na­ have set a precedent! We have sent him vited Communist Angela Davis and Trot­ tion, with further kidnapings and bombings. away! The place is now ours!" skyite Communist revolutionary Ernest He is a soft-voiced, smoothly sinuous viper That conclusion is, however, in abeyance. Mandel of Belgium to be guest teachers at sliding in and out of academic circles to drip A few days after the incident, the president stanford. The results of those teaching ses­ intellectual poison out of hls fangs. sions are entirely predictable. The odds are of the university, Dale Corson, convened a about 100-to-1 that as a direct result there faculty meeting and set in motion a judicial Liberals have more than one double investigation. The judiciary committee of the wlll be more radical revolutionary kidnap- standard on this score. Somehow the po­ university did the same thing. The president . ings, killings and terrorism in California and lice, the FBI, and the CIA are the bad was denounced by the Cornell Senate, com­ the nation at large. guys and those who leak secrets, attack Folks, this is where I came in way back posed of faculty, students and administrative in 1968. At that time, I warned of the forth­ our country's defense and downgrade us personnel, for having prejudged the matter. coming violent campus revolutions and ter­ are the good guys. When it comes to free In fact the president didn't prejudge the rorism after I had attended the Fourth An­ speech, the liberal suggests we must hear question of any specified individual's guilt nual Conference of Socialist Scholars at every radical or misfit on campus under or innocence. He'd have had to be deaf, and Rutgers University, New Jersey, where blind not to know that, in fact, Marshal Ky, academic freedom but they quickly close the guest of three student organizations, had Mandel was guest of honor. the gates if anyone wants to discuss mat­ been prevented from speakin~ to a student Have the trustees and administration of ters which do not meet with their ap­ Stanford gone insane, I should like to in­ audience, in violation of the rules of Cornell. quire? Don't they know about Mandel or else proval. A different view on racial mat­ What is remarkable about it is less the wish to? By now, it would seem the West has ters a different view on defense or even taste of the Nazi Youth Movement than the bad just about enough of him. Several of the a different view on Vietnam can bring appalling unintelligence of it all-the notion most democratic nations in the world will not out the most Fascistic tendencies of these that Ky could be taught about the alleged permit him to enter their territory. so-called liberals. Bill Buckley hit the despotism of his own government by adem- March 30, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8743 onstration of behavior as demagogic and of all my colleagues, especially those who - Government take specific steps to reduce the unruly as anything the demonstrators were are so forcibly arguing against Govern- dangers or has the Government met its legal implicitly attributing to the regime in ment interference with the American obligation by merely issuing a. warning to which Ky figured. Now the demonstrators chemical industry. women? are all hiding under the little eristic provi­ WE DON'T HAVE ANSWERS sions of their constitution. Marshal Ky 1s I would like to address one question to "At this point we really don't have the entitled to feel for those particular cowards those colleagues. Does the American answers from the regulatory viewpoint, the only contempt. chemical industry have a right to inter­ ethical viewpoint or the legal viewpoint," fere with integrity of the American gene said Dr. John F. Finklea, the physician di­ pool? If the answer to that question is rector of the National Institute of Occupa­ "yes," then what we are saying is that we tional Safety and Health. JOB HAZARDS AND BmTH DEFECTS are willing to accept the deformation of Because the responsibility for various as­ American babies a.s the price for tech­ pects of the problem are divided among a. maze of Federal and state agencies, health HON. DOMINICK V. DANIELS nological innovation. I suggest that price offi.cia.ls are not able to chart the precise is too high. I also suggest that the one boundaries of the problem they believe lies OF NEW .TEBSEY innovation this country desperately before them like an island in the fog. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES needs is a safe and healthy environ­ The offi.cials know that the total number Tuesday, March 30, 1976 ment-in the community at large, as well of women working outside the home has as the workplace. I would like to see the been slowly increasing. In 1960, women rep­ Mr. DOMINICK V. DANIELS. Mr. American chemical industry dedicate it­ resented 33 percent of the workers; in 1975 Speaker, slowly but surely, our national self to achievement of that goal with the the Labor Department estimated the figure conscience is awakentng to the peril at 40 percent. same zeal that it has attacked responsi­ The offi.cials also know that the number faced by working men and women ble legislation designed to protect the through their on-the-job exposure to of women hold.ing what they suspect are public health and the environment from more hazardous jobs are increasing far more toxic chemicals. the appalling etfects of toxic chemical rapidly than the total number of employed The occupational death tool exceeds contamination. women. In 1960, the Labor Department said, 100,000 per year. That means that every Mr. Speaker, my colleagues can read there were 2.6 million .women holding such day, 273 Americans died from diseases and judge for themselves the necessity jobs as nurses, factory workers, hair dressers, they contracted on the job-diseases of this type of protection. The article and garment workers. By 1975, the depart­ ment estimated that the women holding such caused by exposure to toxic substances. from the New York Times is included at This terrible human toll should shock jobs had almost doubled to 4.8 million. this point in my remarks: NO EXACT INFORMATION the sensibilities of a civilized nation. [From the New York Times, Mar. 14, 1976] But the Government has no exact infor­ That it has not yet done so reveals RISE IN BIRTH DEFECTS LAID TO JOB HAZARDS something very important. About our mation on the number of fetuses that each (By David Burnham) day go to the workplac~ with their mothers, sensibilities and our so-called state of WASHINGTON, March 13.-A growing aware­ let alone how many are exposed to suspected civilization. ness that hazards in work may damage the hazards. After an examination of all avail­ Of all the industrlalized nations in the reproductive process of women and, ap­ able evidence, however, a recent Federal world, only two lack laws governing the parently to a lesser degree, men, has con­ study estimated that a minimum of one mil­ manufacture and distribution of toxic fronted government, business, and labor with lion of the 3.7 million babies born in 1970 substances. I regret to inform my col­ an array of new and difilcult ethical, legal had been "exposed to a variety of work con­ leagues that the United States is one of and constitutional questions. ditions-both safe and unsafe." The questions have been raised by studies Another great uncertainty is just how the laggard pair. Germany is the other. many spontaneous abortions, still births and What is the price we are paying for indicating that chemicals and other hazards faced by women working in such places as birth defects occur each year. Though the our foot dragging? How does one begin hospitals, beauty parlors and factories may Government has initiated a program to try to compute the worth of 100,000 produc­ account for an increasing number of the tens to collect more precise information, varying tive lives snuffed out before their time? of thousands of miscarriages and birth de­ definitions of medical terms, the lack of Remember, these are the workers actu­ fects that occur each year in the United followup examinations to discover late de­ ally exposed on the job to toxic sub­ States. veloping birth defects such as mental re­ stances. Still another 260,000 Ameri­ Beyond the damage done to the fetus when tardation, and widely scattered reporting the pregnant woman goes to work, studies jurisdictions mean the exact size of the cans die each year from cancer-60 to problem is not known. 90 percent of which environmentally have indicated that the conditions found in is some workplaces may cause genetic damage Dr. William H. Flynt, chief of the birth de­ linked. This environmental link includes to men, which may also lead to spontaneous fects branch of the Public Health Service's toxic substances. abortions, still births, deformed chlldren and Center for Disease Control, however, esti­ What will it take to propel this Nation abnormalities in future generations. mates that 6 to 7 percent of the babies who Into action on toxic substances? It ap­ "The potential damage to the fetus and are born each year in the United States- pears that 100,000 worker deaths is not the possible genetic damage that may occur 250,000-proba.bly have some birth defect. Dr. when pregnant women and men go to work Flynt said in an interview that a number enough. It appears that an additional of studies had found that an additional 10 260,000 deaths from environmentally appears to be an important medical problem that none of us had focused on," said Dr. to 15 percent of all conceptions resulted in linked cancer is not enough. It is sim­ David Wegman, an occupational health ex­ spontaneous abortions or still births. ply not enough that we are killing pres­ pert at the Harvard School of Public Health. "We do know that perhaps half the ent generations of Americans. It is conceded that an enormous amount spontaneous abortions are associated with But now comes evidence that we are of research will be required before scientists chromosomal abnormalities," Dr. Flynt said. also affecting future generations of un­ can identify the causes of miscarriages and "But whether these abnormalities were the born Americans through our not-so­ birth defects, but there is a. growing aware­ result of harmful substances that the ness among scientists, university researchers, mother or father encountered or were in­ benign ne~lect. herited or came from some other cause Is Recently published studies reveal labor leaders and industry executives of the potential impact of the workplace on the not known." alarming evidence that exposure to cer­ reproductive process. The growing concern about the potential tain toxic substances in the workplace Among the questions that Federal regula­ impact of the workplace on the reproductive is damaging the reproductive processes tors, scientists and representatives of indus­ process comes at a time when the Govern­ of both men and women. In addition· to try and labor must answer are the following: ment's effort to lessen such hazards is under the damage done to the unborn child If a substance is more dangerous to women strong attack. when the pregnant woman goes to work than men, would a. Federal regulation that Individual businessmen and business or­ and Is exposed to toxic substances, there prohibited a woman of child bearing age ganizations have made the Occupational from coming in contact with the substance Safety and Health Admin1stra.tlon a central Is also genetic damage caused to men­ violate the equal employment opportunities which in turn can lead to increased in­ target of their attack on what they con­ law? tend 1s unnecessary Federal regulation, and cidents of spontaneous abortions, still Why have Government scientists and pri­ President Ford has repeatedly cited the births, deformed children, and abnor- vate researchers devoted virtually all of their agency in campaign speeches calling for malities in future generations. studies on occupational health to the prob­ less government. Mr. Speaker, the Sunday New York lems of males when 40 percent of the nation's But among knowledgeable offtcla.ls the Times of March 14 contained a front page workers are women? question of birth defects may represent a. article on this alarming discovery. I be­ When a. substance or condition Is found powerful counterargument to those attack­ lieve the article deserves the. attention to be a special hazard to women, must the ing the Government. "It would be false to 8744 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 30, 1976 say there now is a mass consciousness about to her job if she had a note from her doctor would be terrified about the prospect of this problem," said Anthony Mazzocchi, t h at she was no longer able to bear children." having a deformed child bring a suit a"'ainst Washington representative of the 200,000- Dr. Hricko also recalled 37 women in Idaho it," he said, requesting that neither he nor member Oil, Chemical and Atomic Workers who recently were ordered not to work at a his company be identified. Union. lead smelter because of t h e potential effects One of the first official efforts to begin The deep concern among health research­ on their future children. "They were trans­ focusing on the problem of women in the ers about the impact of the workplace on ferred to jobs that the company said were work-place occurred last November when human reproduction springs from a num­ safer," sh e said. "But some of the new jobs Dr. Finklea and the National I nstitute for ber of sources. On Jan. 28, a study by five may pay less." Safety and Health held a day-long conference Government scientists was made public that Th e response of the Government so far has with representatives from the Dow Chemical showed that the wives of a sampling of been spotty and inconsistent. "There simply Company, B. F. Goodrich Company, Stauffer workers who came in contact with vinyl is no Government policy on how to confront Chemical, Union Carbide, the industrial chloride had twice as many miscarriages this problem," said Dr. Sidney M. Wolfe, a union department of the American Federa­ and stlll births as the wives of workers who physician wit h t h e Health Research Group, a tion of Labor and Congress of Industrial Or­ did not handle the material. The study was Washington-based group established by ganizations, the .Oil, Chemical and Atomic done in the Pottstown, Pa., plant of the Ralph Nader. Workers and a number of Federal agencies, Firestone Tire and Rubber Company. DIFFERENT PROPOSALS including the Equal Employment Oppor­ Researchers note that the chemical struc­ Concerning the three substances or con­ tunities Commission. ture of vinyl chloride resembles ethylene di­ ditions where the Government has taken A four-day conference on the same subject bromide and trichloroethylene, two sub­ action since the potential reproductive prob­ is scheduled for June 17-19 and is sponsored stances used for such purposes as reducing lems have arisen, each proposal has been by the Society for Occupational Health and engine knock in leaded gas, industrial de­ considerably different. the National Institute. greasing and fumigants. Some research, for example, suggests that "The first thing is to get all of us male A second reason for concern are the find­ lead may pose special health problems for chauvinist pigs thinking about this prob­ ings of an experimental test developed by the fetus and for blacks who might have a lem," Dr. Finklea said, "But it looks to me Dr. Bruce Ames of the University of Cali­ sickle cell disease. But instead of recom­ that this is a significant health question and fornia that suggests that virtually all known mending special protective measures or ex­ a very powerful problem that is h ard to substances that cause cancer also appear to clusion of these groups, the occupational discount." be mutagens-substances that affect the safety and health administration proposed genetic system. an exposure level that theoretically would be REPORT PUBLISHED BY HEW safe for all, men and women, black and white. TERM PAPER PROBLEMS Another apparent source of concern is Arguing that such a low standard would the logical linking in the minds of Govern­ involve "enormous expenses," the lead in­ ment and industry officials of two laws that dustries association argued in a brief filed at first were viewed alone. These were the on Jan. 16 that it would be preferable to HON. JOSEPH P. ADDABBO 1964 Equal Employment Opportunities Act, limit lead exposure of special workers on a OF NEW YORK which guaranteed all Americans an equal case by case basis through special monitor­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES chance to hold a job regardless of race, ing or special respirators or in "extreme creed, place of origin or sex, and the 1970 situations exclusion of the employees from Tuesday, March 30, 1976 Employment Safety and Health Act, which exposed areas altogether." Mr. ADDABBO. Mr. Speaker, I would established a mandate that the health of no For a second substance, vinyl chloride, like to call to the attention of my col­ American would be damaged by the condi­ the Government noted in a footnote to a tions met at work. proposed standard that there was some evi­ leagues in the House a problem in the Another source, according to many re­ dence of special reproductive hazards but field of education which involves mail­ searchers, has been Dr. Vilma Hunt, the decided no special level of protection was order term papers and the use of the Australian-born author of "Occupational required to meet this need. U.S. mails to avoid term papers. Phyllis Health Problems of Pregnant Women," a RADIOLOGICAL EXPOSURE Zagano, a teaching assistant at the State 121-page report published 11 months ago by University of New York at Stony Brook, the Department of Health, Education, and Concerning a third problem, radiological Welfare. exposure, the Atomic Energy Commission and has written an interesting article on this "I'm not much for quoting the Bible, but its successor agency, the Nuclear Regulatory subject, entitled "I Wonder Who's Writ­ Vilma's report for me was a bit like when Commission, have proposed issuing special ing Them Now" which appeared in the St. Paul was on the road to Damascus and the warnings to women of child-bearing age New York Times Magazine on May 18, scales fell from his eyes," said Dr. Finklea. rather than adjusting exposure levels to meet 1975. I include the article in the RECORD Dr. Hunt, a small intense woman who is an their special requirements. One of the particular drawbacks of the at this point for the consideration of the associate professor of environment h ealth of Members of the House: . Pennsylvania State University in University regulatory agency's plan to warn pregnant Park, Pa., credits Clara Schiffer, a program women to avoid radiation is that women fre­ [From the New York Times Magazine, analyst in H.E.W., for persevering in her at­ quently are not sure they are pregnant until May 18, 1975] tempt to identify the special problems of the the third month after conception, a period I WONDER WHO'S WRITING THEM Now working woman. during which the fetus might be damaged. (By Phyllis Zagano) Government and industry officials note "We are all responsible for t he health of another legal complexity concerning the a-p­ It's that time of year again; term-paper future generations and we can no longer parent connection between some workplace time. Term papers cause sinusitis, tempo­ ignore a fact of life-reproduction and work conditions and miscarriages and birth de­ rary blindness, headache, heartache and se­ are women's lot," Dr. Hunt concludes in the fects. vere insomnia. But that's just what they do preface of her report. "It is my understanding that workers com­ to the professors. The students have it easier. ECONOMIC PRESSURES pensation does not cover birth defects or They just don't write them anymore. But in an interview, she expressed great mutagenic defects," said Dr. Finklea, noting I've had it. During the past few years I've concern that the potential impact of the that the compensation program acts as a spent countless hours pouring over papers problem is so great that women workers "will no-fault insurance program for workers, com­ prepared and written by Mark Lane. WaJter see again the over-reaction, prevarication pensating them for some injuries but strictly Kerr, Time magazine and those wonderful and misinterpretation of Government and in­ limiting their right to bring suits. people who gave us the Encyclopaedia Bri­ dus·try officials that we always see when Because the fetus is not covered, Dr. Fink­ tannica. I've haunted the library stacks look­ women claim they also are participants in lea continued, anyone who was deformed be­ ing for obscure sociological texts, and in­ the workplace." cause of exposure to dangerous substances by evitably found there the authors of my stu­ Dr. Andrea M. Hricko, health coordinator his mother or father would be able to dents' papers. I've even enlisted the aid of at the Center for Labor Research and Edu­ bring a suit up until he or she was 21. David Merrick's private secretary in the fight cation at the University of California in "The only redress of the damaged child against phony papers. A student of mine Berkeley, described some of t h e econ omic would be civil action, almost equivalent to quoted extensively from an interview she pressures during a speech late last year in medical malpractice-! guess we could call had with Mr. Merrick. But Mr. Merrick was Chicago. it industrial malpractice. The mother cannot in London on the day of the "interview." sign a release for the fetus and the liability The student wasn't. "Recently we received a letter from a Sure, it's been going on for years. The worker at a plant in New England who had will accumulate as research is being done," fraternity files, the roommates, the quickie just been recalled after a lay-off. Upon her he said. return to her job in a plastic factory, she was This, it seems to me, will be a very power­ paste-up of a few dozen different articles. informed that she could no longer work in ful lever for everyone to get to work on this Well, not like this it hasn't. Cheating is the vinyl chloride operation because it might problem.'' so well entrenched in the college term-paper be hazardous if she became pregnant. The A labor lawyer for a major chemical com­ business that the students no longer feel company informed her she could only return pany agreed. "Every company in the country they are doing anything wrong. They can- March 30, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8745 not see the difference between a borrowed erstwhile-scholar, not throw him (and his participating in the Indiana State High paper and one they've worked on themselves. tuition money) out. You don't hear of that School Association Basketball Tourna­ My most recent brush With the plagiarizer many students dismissed for academic dis­ ment. honesty because not that many are. came last semester. Her paper was an obvious Again, my congratulations to the A. A flurry of phone calls, notes in my mail­ And the warm-body principle (you save box, and hurried hallway conversations your department and I'll save mine) is one Marion Giants and Coach Bill Green. erupted after she saw the F on her paper. of the factors in the grade inflation which Now she was in my office to explain why her has made cheating almost necessary. In the final paper was almost completely copied complicated schedule of events, professors from a text. have purposely, or not purposely, made SOVIET OMNIPRESENCE "I mean, Miss Zagano, I'm asking you, as a things easier. In some classes, papers are not friend, what to do, I mean, I didn't know required. When they are required, they the paper was plagiarized. The girl I bor­ sometimes are not read. The chicken or the rowed it from didn't tell me she copied it." egg comes in here, too, for we don't know HON. ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO A Renaissance scholar, no doubt, has a whether easy marking leads to student unin­ OF CALIFORNIA much wider vocabulary range with which to terest, which leads to fake papers, or whether IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fake papers lead to lack of willingness to respond to such an inquiry. I could only Tuesday, March 30, 1976 suggest she repeat the course, a requirement produce honest work, which leads to profes­ for graduation. sors' nonmarking. Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Speaker, I But now my students' ghost writers are None of the suggested solutions ever work would like to bring to the attention of getting more and more difficult to find. out. Laws? There are plenty on the books my colleagues the following article by Cheating has gotten a little too sophisticated outlawing term-paper operations. But I can order any paper and have it within days from my constituent, Henry Huglin, entitled: these days, even for the most widely read of "Soviet Omnipresence." professors. The affiuent society has created firms whose names range from International the affiuent cheater: No more ready-to-wear; Termpapers, Inc. to The Paper Mill. And I feel that Mr. Huglin has made some he looks for tailor-made. every solution rests on the fact of catching very valid points and that many of my So the research service has been born. For the plagiarizer in one way or the other, colleagues will agree with Mr. Huglin. $2.75 per page, anyone can get a paper on either by in-class checks or professorial re­ search. Columbo does the same thing, for The article follows: anything by selecting from a large collection SOVIET OMNIPRESENCE of titles, lengths and levels of sophistication. more money and with fewer headaches. A graduate paper on, say, "The Societal Im­ Nothing can nor Will happen until all those (By Henry Huglin) plications of Indiscriminate Computer In­ students out marching for the Cause of the The Soviets are, without question, the formation Storage" can be had as easily as Month realize that the biggest scandal of all dominant focus of our foreign policy. They an undergraduate paper on "Imagery in 'The is right in their own ivy courtyard. When have been for 30 years; and they will likely Scarlet Letter.'" For $5 per page, original they're tired of competing with the cheats, be for the foreseeable future. work is available. when they see professional schools blocked Much of our diplomacy, most of our mili­ It is easy and it is widespread. The writers for them by the ghosts of The Academic Re­ tary strength, and some of our economic pol­ who work for these companies are often search Group Inc., when they're so disgusted icy revolve around the strength, ideology, well-educated and multi-degreed. They are with having to turn in professionally written policies, and actions of Soviet Russia. paid anywhere from $2 to $15 per page, and papers to get even a B, then maybe they will And most of the foreign policy and defense some companies claim to have college faculty do something. issues in the presidential campaign concern members on their staffs. And that will happen when the atrocities the Soviets, their threat or lack thereof, and But if I am not reading the work of my are so widespread that the faculty join ranks how best to deal with them. students, what, in the name of God, am I to stop it, Many Americans are buffeted between dire here for? Once upon a time, when teachers ... when administrators admit that it is warnings, such as Solzhenitzen's: "only force were teachers (and not policemen), and stu­ a bit ridiculous to have 70 per cent of each can soften or make yield the Soviet system; dents were students (and not whatever they graduating class graduated With honors. the entire regime rests on brutal force and are now), students prepared work for the ... when parents stop force-feeding bac­ thus it recognizes only force ... there has correction and comments of their professors. calaureate degrees to their children, never been on this en tire planet and in all Not so now. The paper is part of the pro­ . . . and when every student will admit of history a regime more cruel, more bloody gram, one more thing to be typed up, publicly what 25 admitted to me when I and at the same time more diabolically handed in, and shoveled into the backlog of read them this essay: Cheating stinks. crafty," and the rationalizations of "doves" requirements completed in search of the who, regardless of what the Soviets do, try to B.A. The game is to get from "go" to "finish" explain it away, often wrongly blaming us. with the least possible effort. How it is done Hence, it is timely to highlight some of the is not terribly important. factors which make the Soviets omnipresent Am I a raving maniac to believe that the BASKETBALL CHAMPIONSHIP in the national security and international majority of students cheat at some point in affairs of our country. their careers? I think not, and neither do The over-riding factor is that only Soviet the students-for they have admitted in Russia can really threaten our security and student and other publications that nearly HON. ELWOOD HILLIS well being directly and cause such trouble all cheat at least once in a while and, on any OF INDIANA in the world as to threaten us indirectly. given assignment, that at least a few are IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES And the Soviets are riding high many likely to hand in bogus papers. places in the world. Tuesday, March 30, 1976 It is enough to make you sick, but, even They have secured eastern Europe; ex­ though they admit it, nothing is enough to Mr. HTI..LIS. Mr. Speaker, I am proud panded their influence in Indochina and make them stop. Watergate really didn't do to announce that on March 27, Marion India; retained much influence in the Mid­ any more good than Teapot Dome. It's the High School in Indiana's Fifth Congres­ east, despite their current split with Egypt; "system," they say. The "system" requires sional District won the Indiana State and now, with their Angolan success, insinu­ good marks. So if I want to get into medical High School Association Basketball ated themselves even more deeply in Africa. school, law school, Harvard Business.... Further, their long-used technique of Well, I can think of several past students Tournament. This marks the second con­ propaganda, espionage, and subversive and who'll never get near my appendix, or take secutive year in which the Marion Giants guerrilla warfare training are persistently care of my legal or financial endeavors. have won the championship. I want to spread throughout the world. For that's just the point, as a junior told extend my personal congratulations to Also, while incessantly labelling us im­ me recently. Nothing is learned. The grade Coach Bill Green and the members of perialists, the Soviets have really become the is there, the diploma arrives, and the Ameri­ the Marion Giants basketball team for modem imperialists. And their blatant can dream is fulfilled. Someone got some­ their outstanding accomplishment. The charges and claims have impact many places thing for nothing. Fifth District is proud of the Marion High in the world, including in this country­ Oh, there are many solutions. At Stony School Giants. confirming the effect of the "big lie" tech­ Brook, a second major offense tosses the nique, perfected by Nazi Germany's Goebbels cheat outside the college gates-where, in­ A special word of congratulations must 40 years ago. stead of the cold, cruel world, a pack of be extended to team member David The Soviets do have economic problems ravenous admissions officers from other uni­ Colescott. David received the coveted at home and ideological conformity prob- versities awaits him. The name of the game Trester Award given annually to the out­ lems abroad. But these troubles pale in the ls to keep the dues-paying-warm-body- standing scholar and basketball player prospect of the effects of their groWing mill- 8746 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE March 31, 1976 tary power and increasing global activism. PHILADELPHIA'S IDSTORIC and those used by Benjamin Franklin and If not adequately countered by us, their CHURCHES Betsy Ross are marked with small plaques. power and success will constitute a prestige­ Seven signers of the Declaration of Inde­ building tranquil1zer for their regime in pendence are buried either in the church­ Russia and an increasingly compelling mag­ HON. JOSHUA EILBERG yard or in the Christ Church Burial Ground net abroad, drawing more and more nations OF PENNSYLVANIA at 5th and Arch St s. into their orbit--to our ultimate peril. The oldest Roman Catholic church in And the Kremlin has made clear that de­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Philadelphia. is St. Joseph's at 4th and Wal­ tente--in reaching strategic arms agree­ Tuesday, March 30, 1976 nut Sts. When it was founded in 1733, St. ments, stabilizing the status quo in Europe, Joseph's was the only place in the English­ and increasing trade--does not mean their Mr. EU..BERG. Mr. Speaker, the city speaking world where Mass could legally be giving up promoting the takeover of gov­ of Philadelphia is the birthplace of our celebrated because of Penn's agreement with ernments elsewhere by communist clients-­ Nation. It was here that all of the free­ the British crown regarding religious free­ so-called "liberation" movements-by any doms which comprise the foundation of dom. The present building dates to 1838. means possible. Their actions in Angola have our society were set down for all time. St. Mary's founded in 1763 on 4th St. near chillingly showed such intentions and ca­ One of the most important rights, the Locust, was declared the first Roman Catholic pab1lities. cathedral in the United States in 1808. So, we are sadly learning that--contrary freedom to worship in the way we choose, Mikveh Israel, the city's oldest synagogue, to many apologists' predictions that the was established by William Penn in his founded in 1740, is now in a 1909 building at Soviets would moderate their expansionist agreement with the British Crown which Broad and York Sts. A new home for the ambitions as they attained military parity gave him the right to found the colony congregation is being built at 4th and Market with us--they have reenergized their dec­ of Pennsylvania. Sts. in time for 1976. ades-old drive to expand communism and For this reason, Philadelphia,s rich Tourists often visit Mikveh Israel Cemetery, Russian imperialism by any feasible means­ colonial heritage includes many historic on Spruce St. near 8th, a tract donated in with the backing of what is becoming the places of worship which should be visited 1765 by Nathan Levy, whose ship brought the world's largest and most omnipresent mili­ Liberty Bell to America.. The most famous tary machine. by all who come to the city during the grave is that of Rebecca Gratz, the Philadel­ Bicentennial. Now, the possibility is low that the Soviets phia girl Sir Walter Scott used as the model will launch a. war against us. But the possi­ At this time, I enter into the REcORD for Rebecca in his noval, "Ivanhoe." bility is high that they intend to use their an article by James Smart entitled, Literature and religion blend in another burgeoning military strength to be able to "Philadelphia's Historic Churches," cemetery, the churchyard of Holy Trinity operate with impunity wherever in the world which was printed by the magazine Roman Catholic Church, built in 1789 at 6th they choose--coercing and blackmailing us, Destination: Philadelphia: and Spruce Sts. This is "the little Catholic churchyard in the heart of the city" Henry our allies, and other nations into not resist­ PHILADELPHIA'S HISTORIC CHURCHES ing their moves. Wadsworth Longfellow described as the (By James Sma.rt) Yet, our reactions to the agony of Viet­ burial place of the sad lovers in his poem, nam, along with the Soviets' dampening William Penn founded Philadelphia. and "Evangeline." down their blustery threats in recent years, Pennsylvania as a. haven of religious liberty. Methodists visiting Philadelphia are drawn have led us to pull back from our previous His 1683 charter provided that no person to Old St. George's, on 4th St. at the Benja­ activist world role and to allow our millta.ry "shall be in any wlSe molested" because of his min Franklin Bridge, founded In 1767 and strength to slip, relative to that of the So­ religious beliefs. the oldest Methodist church In the world in No wonder, then, that Philadelphia has continuous service. A small museum and his­ viets', which-since their backdown in the more than 20 active religious congregations torical center adjoin the building. Cuban missile crisis in 1962- they have that were founded before 1800. greatly expanded in numbers, quality, and Bethel A.M.E. Church, at 6th and Lombard deployment. Many still worship in historic old buildings, Sts., was begun in 1787 when Richard Allen, some of which have become tourist attrac­ a black preacher who had bought his own So, how should we act in 1976 toward the tions as well as functioning houses of God. freedom from slavery, led the black members Soviets? Well, much as we have for three Although the Society of Friends founded of St. George's to form their own church. decades-after restoring our military, eco­ Pennsylvania., Quakers are not sentimental Mother Bethel became the founding church nomic, and technological preeminence-ne­ about brick and stone, and most of the of the African Methodist Episcopal denomi­ gotiating warily, with persistence and, when original meetinghouses are gone. The oldest nation. needed, with toughness. Friends Meeting in Philadelphia, at 4th and The list of Philadelphia's historic congre­ And only the myopic could disagree with Arch Sts., dates to 1804. gations seems almost endless. Old Pine Pres­ Henry Kissinger's recent statement: To see a 17th century meetinghouse, it's byterian Church, at 4th and Pine Sts., was "Our objective must be two fold: We must necessary to go to suburban Merion. The founded in 1768. First Baptist Church, now prevent the Soviet Union from translating Merion Meeting was built in 1695; William in an 1898 edifice at 17th and Sansom Sts., its military strength into political advan­ Penn spoke there in 1699. was founded in 1698. tage, and for that we have to be strong and The oldest church in Philadelphia. is Gloria. First Unitarian Church was founded in determined. And, at the same time, we must Dei (Old Swedes), at Swanson and Christian 1796, and is housed in an 1885 structure de­ move beyond a policy of constant confronta­ Sts., along the Delaware waterfront south of signed by Frank Furness at 21st and Chest­ tion toward the construction of a more stable center city. It was founded as a. Swedish nut Sts. Old First German Reformed Church, relationship between the two superpowers. Lutheran congregation In 1642, four decades founded in 1727, is restoring its 1837 building Our purpose is to avoid, if we can, .a situa­ before Penn arrived. at 4th and Race Sts., which had become a tion where a. succession of crises slides us Penn attended the cornerstone laying of factory when the congregation moved else­ into a. world conflagration ... the presem; building in 1698. First services where. "There is no question that, if the u.s. were held in 1700. It became an Episcopal There are others. Religious diversity and its looks and acts weak, the Soviet Union is go­ church in 1845. Gloria Del welcomes visitors. history inevitably fill the city of Wtlliam So does Christ Church, at 2nd and Market Penn, a. man who wished that faith IJ God ing to take advantage. And it is totally naive Sts., an Episcopal congregation founded in to believe that we can throw a word like would permeate the atmosphere of Pennsyl­ 1695. The present edifice was built between vania. 'detente' at them and say: 'For the sake of 1727 and 1744. good relations with the U.S., you must not "Here, every man's a temple," Penn wrote do what we are not prepared to oppose: •• George Washington attended Christ in 1696, "and every family a church, and Church while he was president. His pew every place a meetingplace."

SENATE-Wednesday, March 31, 1976 The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian we invoke Thy blessing upon all assem­ and was called to order by Hon. DEwEY honorable in our dealings with our fel­ bled here in this Chamber. low men, compassionate to the unfortu­ F. BARTLETT, a Senator from the State of Do Thou, 0 gracioUs Guardian, ever Oklahoma. nate in our midst, and be as brothers to d~ect the deliberations of these, Thy the oppressed, the persecuted, and the faithful servants, that their vision and homeless everywhere. PRAYER wisdom may make America a better na­ Gracious Sovereign, who art Ruler of tion in which to live, and thUs strengthen Rabbi Barnett Hasden, director of spe­ the Universe, whose kingdom is everlast­ cial projects, Mesivtha Tifereth Jerusa­ the national foundations of our beloved ing, and who grantest salvation and do­ Republic. lem of America Rabbinical Seminar of minion to the men and women who rule New York, offered the following prayer: May we, the citizens of America, ever the nations of the world, do Thou bless Sovereign of the Universe and Father be reverent toward Thee, our loving God, and guide and guard the President and of Mankind, earnestly we seek Thee and loyal to our obligations as Americans, Vice President of these United States,