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Windows 10 Tutorial #5 – Prompt (Part 2)

Contents of the page • Command prompt Windows - Must know Commands • Command Prompt - Commands o System-related commands ▪ Let's with the command 'start' ▪ Current Date and ▪ Systeminfo ▪ Check windows version ▪ The PC ▪ Prank – How to shutdown a pc with a message? ▪ and Taskkill ▪ How to Open control panel from CMD ▪ Path Command ▪ o Network Related Commands ▪ ▪ ▪ ping ▪ Tracert

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▪ nslookup o Files & Folders Related Commands ▪ Commands for folder ▪ commands related to files ▪ How to create a ▪ Command ▪ Command - '' • How do I memorize all the commands of cmd? o o /?

Command prompt Windows - Must know Commands

The command prompt is full of many useful and easy to follow, kinds of commands. We will work on these commands and explore how they work. Also, we will see that we need not remember these commands. A list of these commands is always there in the command prompt.

This command prompt tutorial is divided into the following four parts.

Part 1 – Cmd – Introduction, and Settings

Part 2 – Cmd – Must know Commands

Part 3 – Cmd – A useful List of Shortcuts

Part 4 – Cmd – Batch file programming

In part-I, we have covered Command prompt Windows 10 – Introduction and Settings. Let’s on to part-2. If you have not gone through Part-1, I will suggest you have a look it and then come back to us on this page.

Note:- The Command Prompt is not case-sensitive.

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It means whether you capitalize your commands or in running letters, it will function in a similar way.

Command Prompt - Commands System-related commands

Let's start with the command 'start'

Open ‘cmd‘ > type — ‘start‘

It will open a new window. You can run a program or a command in this new cmd window separately.

Current Date and time

Open ‘cmd‘ > type — ‘time‘

Command Prompt will display the current in HH:MM: SS .

Open ‘cmd‘ > type — ‘time /t‘

Displays time in HH: MM format.

Open ‘cmd‘ > type — ‘date‘. You can try date /t also.

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Open the cmd as an administrator to change the system time, entering new values.

Hit ‘enter’ or press ‘Ctrl+C’ to come out of the time command console.

Systeminfo

To see all the information about your PC: type — ‘systeminfo‘ in the cmd without spaces.

This command shows all the necessary information about a system, like — no. of NIC card installed, OS installation date, BIOS version, OS version.

Check windows version

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Type — ‘ver‘ to display the current OS version in the command console. type — ‘winver‘ to display the current OS version in a separate window.

Shutdown The PC

You can shut down a PC in many different ways from the command prompt.

1. type — ‘shutdown /i‘

A shutdown window will open. Shut down/restart your PC from here.

How to shut down a network PC from the command prompt type — ‘shutdown /i‘ and hit enter. From the window that appears, click on ‘Browse’.

Type the PC-name and click on the ‘’ button. Select the PC name in the searched-list-window and click ‘OK’. Type the comment in the comment box. For example:-

“Hi, this the Administrator. Please, Save your work. The PC will shut down in 30 seconds. The written comment will appear on the target PC as a shut-down notification.

Note: - For shutting down a pc remotely you are supposed to know the name of the PC or IP address in a network. The admin password is also required.

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Another shut down commands are:

‘shutdown /s‘ —> This command will directly shut down the PC.

‘shutdown /r‘ —> Use this command to restart the PC.

‘shutdown /a‘ —> To abort a shutdown. If a command for shut down or restart is already given, but you want to abort this shutdown then use this command.

‘shutdown /h‘ —> To hibernate the PC.

Prank – How to shutdown a pc with a message? Just for fun!

You can show this message on your friend’s PC.

For this message or any other genuine technical shutdown messages, follow these steps.

In the Command Prompt window:

Type — shutdown /s /t 300 /c “Hi User, This is your Machine talking to you. I am going to shut down as I am Tired. Byeee!!

Explanation:

‘shutdown /s‘ –> command for shutting down.

‘/t 300‘ —> time to a shut down in seconds. ‘/c‘ —> this command takes comment for a shutdown. You can type

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TaskList and Taskkill

The command ‘Tasklist’ will show all the running tasks on a local or remote machine.

Try ‘tasklist /apps’ to see all the store apps and their associated processes.

‘Taskkill’ — This command is used to close a running task by process ID (PID) and image ID. type — ‘taskkill /pid 7344‘ this command will terminate the task with the process id 7344.

To see the PID use the command tasklist.

How to Open control panel from CMD type — ‘control’

This will open the control panel window. you can do any control panel related task from here.

Path Command

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Press ‘Windows logo‘ key > type env > window will open. You can see all the executable files from the cmd window also.

To view all ‘paths’ from the cmd use the command ‘path’.

Vol

To check the disk volume and a serial number of any drive(c:, d:, or e): type — ‘vol d:‘

Network Related Commands

IPConfig

To view windows Internet Protocol Configurations: type — ‘ipconfig‘ to display the IP configurations list, along with the IP address and mac address.

To get the mac address only: type — ‘getmac‘ without space. open a browser > go to google.com > and type ‘ipconfig’ in cmd > observer the whole list. type — ‘ipconfig/flushdns‘ to flush the local DNS cache. ( This command is useful in case your wi-fi adapter is showing network- connected, but you are unable to access the internet.)

Command prompt Part 1 - Introduction & Settings

Windows Tips and Tricks Part 1 - Folder Settings netstat

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Network Statistics can be viewed in detail with the command ‘netstat’. type — ‘netstat – a‘ for a list of all the connections and listening ports. type — ‘netstat – e‘ for interface statistics (packets sent or received). type — ‘netstat – n‘ to display active connections in numerical values with process ids. type — ‘netstat – r‘ to display routing table. ping

Ping command is used to send the requested messages to the destination computer in a network and for its response. type — ‘ping www.google.com’ type — ‘ping 127.0.0.1‘ or ‘ping localhost‘ to check the serviceability of your machine TCP/IP. The address of your localhost is 127.0.0.1, this is called the loopback address also.

‘ping 127.0.0.1’ is the first step to check the serviceability of your machine’s nic card.

Tracert

To display the of the packet from the source to destination PC, use the command ‘tracert’. type — ‘tracert www.google.com‘ it will show the route of the packet from your PC to google.com. nslookup

Name server lookup (nslookup) command is used to resolve the DNS ( server). In other words, use this command to check the name-server of a website against its name or IP address.

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Similarly, while in a network, this command shows the name of any pc whose IP address is known or vice-versa.

For more commands of nsook up type ‘nslookup help’ or ‘nslookup /?’ set type=mx –> for mail eXchanger records.

set type=mb –> for mailbox domain name

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Files & Folders Related Commands

Commands for folder

NOTE: directories in cmd means folders. ‘md‘ or ‘‘ –> for creating new directory. ‘‘ –> to display a list of directories and files at the current location.

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‘cd‘ or ‘chdir‘ –> to change directory. Use “directory-name” to go to that directory location. To get back by one location type –> ‘cd..‘. To go to another drive type the drive letter name.

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‘rd‘ or ‘rmdir‘ –> for deleting an empty directory.

To rename a folder in cmd: “current folder name” “rename folder name”

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The folder ‘my_file’ is renamed to ‘aiyesamjhein_file’.

commands related to files

How to create a file

There are two ways in which you create a file in cmd.

1. using ‘ con’ command type — ‘copy con first_file.txt‘ start writing the content in the command prompt window. for example:

hi this is my first file in cmd.

press ‘ctrl+c‘ to come of the file and save it.

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type ‘dir‘ to see the list of directories. You will find a file with the name ‘first_file‘ type –> ‘start first_file.txt‘, It will open in notepad.

2. using notepad. type –> ‘notepad second_file.txt‘ and press enter. the following window will open.

Press ‘yes‘. Start writing your content in the notepad. And go to > file > save as in the notepad to save this file. type ‘dir‘ again to see the file in the directory.

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More commands related to files are:

‘move‘ –> move files from one directory to another.

‘‘ –> to display or modify a file type.

‘type‘ –> to display the type of the file.

‘‘ –> to search for a string of text in a file.

‘fc‘ –> to compare files. “file-name” –> to delete a file. undelete “file-name” –> to undelete or restore a deleted file.

‘erase‘ –> to erase files from computer. tree Command type –> ‘tree‘ to display the graphical folder structure of a drive or path. try ‘tree /a‘ and ‘tree /f‘

‘‘ –> to delete one or more files and folder.

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Command - 'More'

When the file is too big to display in a single screen, use the command ‘more’ to display the content of a file inside the command prompt with one screen at a time. more “file-name”

How do I memorize all the commands of cmd?

You don’t need to memorize any commands of the command prompt. All the commands are written in the cmd window only. You just need to use two commands. Help open cmd type –> ‘help‘

A list of all the commands will display in your command prompt window with the required explanations. /? open cmd type –> any command and then suffix this command with ‘/?’

A list of all the commands available within that command will pop up with the required explanations. e.g.

‘md /?‘

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‘ipconfig /?‘

‘color /?‘ normally all the commands show help with ‘/?‘

This is the end of the Part-2 tutorial on cmd.

I hope you enjoy reading this tutorial. Comment below for any query, question or suggestion.

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