Figure Skating Glossary of Terms
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! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ONTENTS C ICE DANCE 14-15 EQUIPMENT 2 ICE DANCE LIFTS 14-15 OTHER ICE DANCE ELEMENTS 15 TROKING TOPPING S & S 2-3 STROKING 2 STOPPING 2-3 SYNCHRONIZED SKATING 15-16 EDGES, TURNS & MOVES 3-5 COMPETITION TERMS 16 EDGES 3 OFFICIALS 16 TURNS 3-4 COMPETITIONS & MOVES 4-5 COMPETITION ELEMENTS 16-18 SINGLES SKATING 5-11 ORGANIZATIONS & SPINS 5-6 PROGRAMS 18-19 FLYING SPINS 6 JUMPS 6-10 SPIT & STAG JUMPS 11 OTHER TERMS 19 ! PAIRS SKATING 12-14 Index of Terms 20-23 IFTS L 12-13 ! OTHER PAIRS ELEMENTS 13-14 EQUIPMENT STROKING & STOPPING ! BOOT – One component of the ice-skate formed STROKING traditionally by many layers of leather and ! CROSSOVERS – Crossovers are used to negotiate corners and may include synthetic gain speed by crossing one foot over the other. In a materials to improve forward crossover, to turn toward the left the right foot the overall fit and is crossed over the left and just the opposite is true decrease weight. The when turning to the right. Crossovers are also done boot provides the while skating backward using the same method as moving forward. mounting surface on the sole and heel for ! SCULLING (SWIZZLES) – A basic two-foot propulsion the blade of the ice skate.! method used by beginners where the feet are pushed in ! BLADE "!One component of the ice-skate that is typically 3/16” thick and out on the inside edges of the blade to move forward or backward. and composed of tempered steel and chrome. The blade has a number of components including the toe pick to assist primarily ! STROKING – Stroking is a fundamental skating move, which with toe jumps (see “Toe Jumps”) and footwork (see is used to gain speed either forward or backward. In “Footwork”), contains a radius or a curve if viewed from the stroking, the skater does alternating pushes using the side called a “rocker” that is important for spins, and is inside edges of the skate blade. hollowed to create two distinct edges for stroking (see “Stroking”), edge jumps (see “Edge Jumps”), and various edges ! SWIZZLES – see “Sculling. and turns. The blade component of an ice dancer’s skate is approximately one inch shorter than a regular blade with a smaller toe-pick to improve intricate footwork.! STOPPING ! HOCKEY STOP – A stop on the ice where the feet are place parallel to each other and perpendicular to line of motion and the torso inline with the direction of motion.! ! ! SNOWPLOW STOP – A stop on the ice where the knees are bent and both feet are placed in a pigeon-toe position TURNS while pushing both heels out away from each other. ! BRACKET – A turn on one foot in which the skater turns ! T-STOP – A stop on the ice where the blades of the skate are counterclockwise from either forward to backward or placed in a “T” position. The middle of one skate blade backward to forward and moving from either an outside should be placed perpendicular at the heel of the other to an inside edge or inside to an outside edge. skate blade. This stop can be performed with either foot (Example: In a right forward outside bracket the skater leading. begins on a right forward outside edge and turns counterclockwise to a right backward inside edge). ! CHOCTAW – A two-foot turn in which the skater turns from EDGES, TURNS & MOVES same edge on one foot to the opposite edge on the alternate foot. (Example: In a rocker-like choctaw the skater transfers from a right forward inside edge to a EDGES left back outside edge. The opposite is true for a counter-like choctaw). ! EDGES – Edges are a foundational skating move performed ! COUNTER – A turn on one foot in which the skater turns either forward or backward. Edges are a series of lobes counterclockwise from either forward to backward or (see “Lobes”) performed on a straight line using either backward to forward and maintains either an outside or the outside or inside edge of the blade. For example, to an inside edge. (Example: In a right forward outside perform forward outside edges begin in a “T” position counter the skater begins on a right forward outside facing perpendicular to the line on the ice. Lead with edge and turns counterclockwise to a right backward the right foot and create a lobe while staying on the outside edge). right foot outside edge of the blade. When returning to the line push onto a left outside edge. This is continued ! MOHAWK – A two-foot turn in which the skater turns from in a series along the line. Edges are performed on same edge on one foot to the same edge on the forward and backward outside and inside edges on both opposite foot. (Example: In an inside mohawk the the right and left feet. skater transfers from a right forward inside edge to a left back inside edge). ! LOBE – A pattern created on the ice while performing an edge that forms an arc of a circle beginning and ending on an axis. ! ! ROCKER – A turn on one foot in which the skater turns ! PIVOT – An element in which the skater places one toe pick in clockwise from either forward to backward or backward the ice and rotates around that central point either to forward and maintaining either an outside or an forward or backward on either an inside or outside inside edge. (Example: In a right forward outside edge. counter the skater begins on a right forward outside edge and turns clockwise to a right backward outside ! SPIRAL – An element in which the skater extends edge). the non-skating leg behind them in an ! THREE-TURN – A turn on one foot in which the skater turns arabesque position either forward or from either forward to backward or backward to backward on either inside or outside forward and moving from either an outside to an inside edges of the skate blade.! edge or inside to an outside edge. (Example: In a right forward outside three-turn the skater begins on a right forward outside edge and turns to a right backward inside edge). MOVES ! SPIRAL SEQUENCE – A sequence of various spirals in a pattern across the ice either forward or backward and ! INA BAUER – A position in which the skater may include both inside and outside edges of the blade. glides across the ice with the blades parallel and one skate on an outside ! SPREAD EAGLE – A position in which the skater edge with the knee bent and the other glides across the ice on both skates on either an on an inside edge with the leg inside or an outside edge with the heels facing extended behind. The skates each other and the toes pointing in opposite face opposite directions.! directions.! ! ! STEP SEQUENCE – A sequence of steps immediately ! CAMEL SPIN – A spin performed on one foot, either the left following one another that are choreographically or the right depending on the skaters preferred spinning related to each other. direction, with the non-skating free leg extended in the air parallel to the ice in a spiral or arabesque position (see “Spiral”). SINGLES SKATING ! FORWARD UPRIGHT SPIN– A spin performed on one foot, either the left or the right depending on the skaters preferred spinning direction. If performed on ! SINGLES SKATING – A discipline in figure skating where an the right, the skater rotates clockwise and if on the left individual male or female performs a variety of jumps, counterclockwise. spins, footwork, and other figure skating elements. ! HAIRCUTTER SPIN – A spin performed on one foot, either the left or the right depending on the skaters preferred spinning direction, with the free leg pulled SPINS back in a catch-foot position (see “Catch-foot”) at the level of, but not above, the head with the skaters head dropped back near the skate blade.!! ! BACK SPIN – See “Back Upright Spin” ! BACK UPRIGHT SPIN (ONE FOOT SPIN) – A spin performed on one foot, either the left or the right depending on the skaters preferred spinning direction. If performed on the right, the skater rotates counterclockwise and if on the left the skater rotates clockwise. ! LAYBACK SPIN – A spin performed on one foot, either the left or the right depending on the skaters ! BIELLMANN SPIN – A spin performed on one foot, preferred spinning direction, where the back is either the left or the right depending on the extended and the head and shoulders parallel to skaters preferred spinning the ice.!! direction, with the free leg pulled back above the head from behind in a catch-foot position (see “Catch-foot”).! ! ! ONE FOOT SPIN – See “Forward Upright Spin” ! FLYING CAMEL SPIN – A flying spin performed on one foot, either the left or the right depending on the ! SCRATCH SPIN – see “Forward Upright Spin” skaters preferred spinning direction beginning in a ! SIT SPIN – A spin performed on one foot, either forward camel spin (see “Camel Spin”) and jumping to the left or the right depending on the change feet to begin spinning on the other leg in a backward camel spin. skaters preferred spinning direction, while in a “sitting” position. ! FLYING REVERSE SIT SPIN – A flying spin performed on The skating knee is bent and one foot, either the left or the right depending on the the non-skating free skaters preferred spinning direction, with an entry leg extended. similar to a flying sit spin (see “Sit Spin” or “Flying Sit Spin”) but the skater jumps in the air and lands on the opposite foot in the “sitting” position for a backward sit spin.