Issue No. 37 DVBSCENE March 2011 The Technology Update from DVB www.dvb.org

”DRAMATICALLY BETTER THAN ANY OTHER DIGITAL TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEM”

”DATA RATES THAT ARE ”PUSHING THE BOUNDARIES OF ”REMARKABLE 50% GREATER” TECHNOLOGY” SUCCESS STORY”

GLOBAL SMASH HIT STARRING: ROTATED CONSTELLATIONS • MULTIPLE PHYSICAL LAYER PIPES • ALAMOUTI CODING EXTENDED INTERLEAVING • FUTURE EXTENSION FRAMES

Semiconductor solutions for 2nd The Road to DVB-T2 DVB-T2 04 2nd Generation DVB Interactive generation DVB receivers in Southern Africa in Finland Satellite System 06 DVB-T2 Hybrid Solution 12 DVB-3DTV Specification Approval 13 Analysis 14 Market Watch 05 08 11 Analog & Digital RF-Solutions

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At the beginning of a new year we tend north, down to the Republic of South to look forward to new things ahead and Africa, recommended DVB-T2 to its back to the things we have achieved. member states. Already, following this 2010 was another busy year for DVB. recommendation the governments in Altogether 33 DVB documents were South Africa as well as in Mozambique processed and published by ETSI which have adopted DVB-T2 as their digital is the highest number ever. Of these terrestrial system. In addition to Africa, 33 documents about 30% are new Australia as well as countries in Asia specifications including, for example, the including India, Sri Lanka and Singapore 2nd generation cable specification and have registered a big interest in this new Peter Siebert corresponding guidelines document. The technology. Executive Director remaining 70% are revised versions of After having been so successful in already existing DVB documents where 2010 what is in store for the future? revolutionize the way video, as well data, the reasons for the updates are typically 2011 will see a new standard for mobile is delivered via cable systems. We will market requests for new features. In broadcast which will build on the also see additional deployments and addition to face to face meetings, a performance and flexibility of DVB-T2. growth for T2. significant amount of this work has been The DVB group working on the 2nd So, right now, it looks as though done in telephone conferences, thus generation return channel via satellite 2011 will be an equally as busy and saving travel costs and reducing carbon specification will deliver a complete set successful year for DVB as 2010. But, emissions. The DVB Project Office is of standards from the physical up to the will we be able to continue this trend supporting this initiative by providing systems layer. As I write, the Technical forever? The answer is of course open. the necessary infrastructure for telephone Module has adopted the specification But even when the standardization conferences and web meetings. for frame compatible 3DTV, including activities of DVB may one day slow 2010 has also been a successful year the necessary extensions for 3D subtitles. down we should not forget that DVB is for the adoption of our specifications, Work on the commercial requirements about more than standardization. We are especially DVB-T2. By all accounts for a second phase of 3DTV has just also a forum bringing together all major the market introduction of Freeview started and we anticipate that there will players in the broadcast industry such HD, which is based on T2, has been be a lot of activity around the further as broadcasters, manufacturers, network a success. In addition to the UK, development of 3DTV. Furthermore, operators and regulators. Furthermore, Finland and Sweden have started to 2011 will bring us a new version of the we facilitate the introduction of new roll out T2 services. Following this DVB Measurement Guidelines covering services and technology. Finally, we momentum the consumer electronics the necessary measurements for the also serve as an interface between the industry is providing the necessary 2nd generation broadcast standards. In broadcast community and research receiver equipment at attractive prices. addition, I’m sure there will be other institutions as well as the European DVB-T2 has also been successful outside developments in the pipeline. Commission. As such DVB will of Europe. After an intensive phase of Looking at the deployment of our continue to play an important role for its analysis, the South African Development technology, we will most likely see the members as well as for everybody relying Community representing 15 member first DVB-C2 consumer receiver in on our technology. states in Southern Africa, from the 2011. I am positive that DVB-C2, like Democratic Republic of Congo in the its two older siblings S2 and T2, will

Published by the DVB Project Office, The views expressed in this newsletter are those c/o European Broadcasting Union, of the individual DVB members or guests and 17a Ancienne Route, are not necessarily the views of the DVB Project New Standards CH-1218 Grand Saconnex, Switzerland. Office or Steering Board. Editors: William Daly, Harold Bergin DVB, the DVB logo marks, MHP and the MHP logo TS 101 162 Ver. 1.3.1: Allocation of identifiers and codes for Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) Editorial & Advertising enquiries to: WHD PR are registered trademarks of the DVB Project. systems (09/12/10) Email: [email protected] Certain other product names, brand names Telephone: +44 (0)20 7799 3100 and company names may be trademarks or TS 101 211 Ver. 1.10.1: Guidelines on designations of their respective owners. implementation and usage of Service Information All rights reserved. No part of this publication (SI) (09/12/10) may be reproduced without prior consent of the To obtain extra copies of DVB SCENE please TS 102 773 Ver. 1.2.1: Modulator Interface (T2-MI) publisher. All content correct at time of printing. contact [email protected]. for a second generation digital terrestrial © DVB SCENE 2011. Printed by New Goff n.v. television broadcasting system (DVB-T2)(09/12/10) www.dvb.org www.mhp.org TS 102 584 Ver. 1.2.1: DVB-SH Implementation www.dvbworld.org www.dvbservices.com Guidelines (21/01/11) To subscribe to DVB SCENE free of charge visit: www.dvb.org /subscribe

DVB SCENE | March 2011 3 • Continuous Carrier return link option in adaptive or variable mode (ACM/VCM) A New Powerful Platform will be lifted from RCS+M to DVB-ISS. It is adapted to low rates with a coding scheme based on shorter 4k blocks. 2nd Generation DVB Interactive Satellite System • Random Access option for traffic, based on slotted aloha burst replicas using a specific transmission scheme will, since Dr. Harald Skinnemoen, Chairman TM-RCS not required to request capacity in advance, be more responsive with less delay for Abstract and Background intermittent data transfer. With state-of-the art technology giving Main 2nd Generation Enhancements • Configurable waveform characteristics substantial enhancements over 1st Include: for adaptation to different applications. generation DVB-RCS, the 2nd generation • Adaptive Coding & Modulation Normative reference waveforms for DVB interactive satellite system (DVB- (ACM), optimizes performance to the interoperability. Balanced use of preamble, ISS1) was completed in January 2011. available capacity rather than worst case postamble and pilots allows balanced DVB-ISS is natively developed for IP scenario. It provides significant increase decoder synchronization and payload services, and is specified for interactive in capacity/availability. Forward link is decoding sensitivity. satellite services in several market DVB-S2, and return link modulation • GSE with strengthened integrity control. segments. The formal ETSI specifications schemes are CPM, QPSK, 8PSK and Return link packet encapsulation (RLE) are “Second Generation DVB Interactive 16QAM. Per timeslot, ACM configuration is an adaptation of GSE. IP packets are Satellite Services” - allows more granular and flexible just-in- fragmented just in time so fragments fit Part 1 - “Overview and System Level time timeslot adaptation. exactly onto remaining varying size free Specification”, TS 101 545-1 (DVB-ISS-OSL) • Continuous Phase Modulation space transmission payloads, without Part 2 - “Lower Layers for Satellite (CPM) may result in lower-cost terminals, intermediate fixed ATM or MPEG TS Standard”, EN 101 545-2 (DVB-ISS-LLS) since CPM tolerates non-linear signals frame layer. Part 3 - “Higher Layers for Satellite and cheaper amplifiers. Savings depend on • Power headroom reporting supports an Specification”, TS 101 545-3 (DVB-ISS-HLS) production volume, specific designs and optional control mode aiming for constant Part 4 will come later and includes the references. DVB-ISS terminals support power spectrum density over carriers of guidelines for implementation and use both modulation types. TM-RCS Study different BW as an alternative to control the (DVB-ISS-GIU). Group found comparable QAM/CPM EIRP. Following substantial efforts from key performance up to about 1.5 b/s/Hz with • Improved security, not handled as one players, DVB-ISS forms a flexible basis for optimum working point and stable specific technology, but as a careful review modern interactive satellite services in amplifier. Instabilities make CPM of all technologies and overall architecture. these times when the industry increasingly relatively better. At higher spectral The strong governmental markets position turns to open standards. More than just a efficiency QAM modulations are best. is maintained. Security provides sufficient return channel specification it is the first • A 16-state turboΦ code for QPSK, confidentially, integrity, availability and system to take advantage of Generic 8PSK and 16QAM benefits substantially non-repudiation performance. Stream Encapsulation (GSE), DVB-ISS, from coding developments in the last • Simplified antenna installation and the which is a powerful platform for decade. The FEC for CPM is based on use of motors for adjusting pointing. interactive services. convolutional code. • Improved QoS system architecture and support for cross-layer optimization, 2nd Generation DVB Interactive Satellite System (DVB-ISS) performance enhancing proxies. 2nd Generation DVB Interactive Satellite System (DVB-ISS) • Support for IPv6, and specifications for addressing, routing and management. Overview & System Specification (OSL) SatLabs recommendations partly integrated Overview of System into higher layers. Definition of Profiles & Terminal Capabilities • System profilesdefining use of HLS/ LLS capabilities for various applications/ Consumer Corporate SCADA markets. Definition of profiles for test and Multi-Dwelling Institutional Backhaul interoperability. DVB-ISS will, along with some other Interoperability Management Migration Scenarios from DVB-RCS issues, be updated with mesh and mobile specifications fromDVB-RCS+M Higher Layer for Satellite (HLS) Lower Layer for Satellite (LLS) (EN 301 790 v1.5.1). After implementation and testing, another clarifying update will Reference System Architecture Two-Way Interactive Satellite System Models be released. DVB-ISS is then expected to Return Link Physical Forward Link Network Layer Functions be a stable, robust and flexible platform Addressing Addressing from which both true interoperability and Addressing Routing Dedicated / Random future evolution is secured under a Access Control collaborative international spirit, allowing Quality of Service Virtual Satellite Networks Coding & Interleaving DVB-S2 innovation to take place within the Modulation DVB-ISS community. IPv4/v6 Issues Interfaces (QPSK/QAM - CPM) Return Link Signalling Forward Link Signalling

Management, FCAPS, Object Models, OSS-NMC, Protocols Layer 2 Management & Supervision Installation, Motor Antenna, SW Update, Configuration, Logon Mobile Terminals 1 DVB-ISS is an abbreviation of the ETSI work item. Mesh Networks Security At the time of writing a commercial name has not been released.

4 March 2011 | DVB SCENE Rising to the Challenge Semiconductor solutions for 2nd generation DVB receivers Steve Beck, Sony Semiconductor Europe Steve Beck is an Engineering Programme In 2005 the DVB updated the physical While the DVB standard is being Manager and has worked at Sony layer specification for satellite TV developed, the semiconductor vendor Semiconductor for the past 13 years broadcasting to allow for greater capacity, engages with the makers of TVs and leading IC developments for digital TV receiver products. Recently the role e.g., for HDTV services. Terrestrial and set-top boxes, network operators and has been focusing on the specification cable broadcasters also needed greater broadcasters. This leads to a set of requirements that define the function, and validation of DVB-T2 and DVB-C2 capacity and so there were widely solutions. supported activities within the DVB to performance, business case and time scale of the channel decoder. develop 2nd generation standards for The high cost of silicon manufacture prototypes are subjected to further terrestrial (2007-9) and cable TV systems at the small geometries required means laboratory tests and field trials. (2008-10). business plans can fail if a major rework In parallel with the customer activity, A change to the technology used to is necessary. Thankfully advanced the IC is subjected to many quality broadcast the TV signal has the greatest FPGA technology allows real-time assurance tests such as life test and impact on the channel decoder in a digital prototypes including driver software immunity to electrostatic discharge. TV receiver. to be constructed. These prototypes A comprehensive manufacturing test Simply speaking, the channel decoder are used in the laboratory to verify the program is developed to ensure that only takes the analog signal from the RF tuner implementation and in field trials to fully working samples are shipped to and converts it into a digital signal which is validate the standard. customers. demodulated to a bit stream and passed to The implementation of the integrated The support for the customer an error correction function. The resultant circuit (IC) begins in parallel with the continues as their receiver is tested for bit stream is processed into a form suitable verification of the prototype. Where conformance in the relevant country and for A/V decoders, e.g., MPEG-2 transport possible, circuits are reused from previous as the receiver is launched to market. Any stream. designs. Key macros such as A-D new information learned is captured by All the 2nd generation standards converters, memory and I/O cells are the ongoing requirements process for the use a very powerful error correction selected from libraries that exist within the next version of the IC. algorithm, Low Density Parity Check semiconductor company or from external DVB’s foresight has led to a family of (LDPC). Implementing LDPC and the organizations that develop intellectual 2nd generation broadcast TV standards. other technologies that enhance capacity, property for ICs. The error correction technology is robustness and flexibility have significantly Before being released to customers the common to satellite (DVB-S2), terrestrial increased the complexity of the channel first silicon implementation is mounted (DVB-T2) and cable (DVB-C2). The decoder. on an evaluation PCB and thoroughly modulation scheme is common to Therefore the implementation of 2nd tested in the laboratory. DVB-T2 and DVB-C2. This will allow generation channel decoders presents two The early silicon samples allow the future channel decoders to cost-effectively major challenges; (1) maximize features semiconductor vendor to work with support multiple standards and continue and performance while minimizing the cost lead TV and STB customers to develop the tradition of offering maximum of the complete receiver and (2) verification complete, prototype receivers. These performance at the lowest possible cost. and validation of the new technology in time for the launch of new services. To address these challenges it is The Channel Decoder’s Position Within a Typical TV Receiver necessary for a semiconductor vendor to run several tasks in parallel. Channel Decoder

Early engagement with the DVB Power standardization process allows experts from a global company like Sony to contribute technologies from its R&D activities that strengthen the standard. Also, knowledge

of IC implementation can be shared so A/V Video

others can appreciate the cost/performance Error Display MPEG-2 A-to-D Decoder Stream Transport Stream Corrector Converter

RF Processor trade-offs. Analog Signal Demodulator Tuner (Intermediate Frequency) To move forward quickly it is vital Host Antenna all those involved have a common CPU understanding of the standard, so a strong Audio verification and validation activity within I2C Control Circuit I2C DVB is vital. This was particularly evident within the TM-T2. Clock TV Receiver

DVB SCENE | March 2011 5 Enhancing Success Innovative Upper Layer Services for DVB-T2 Laurent Roul, Product Manager, ENENSYS Technologies

In September 2008, DVB had just Funding for the project comes from Région completed the physical layer specification Bretagne, DGCIS and Rennes Metropole. for the second generation terrestrial To date, the project has tested and network, DVB-T2, standard and the new successfully validated the SFN/MISO T2-MI (Modulator Interface) protocol broadcasting. The MPLP feature has also was born. Nobody could have anticipated been implemented within the DVB-T2 at this time that it was the dawn of a Gateway and modulator to enable PVR, Connected TV, push VOD to tremendous success story with rapid attractive business models with the delivery convergence services with IPTV systems adoption two years later. of HD and SD services as well as radio such as catch-up services. Several service As defined within the new specification, to fixed or mobile devices within a single guide candidates (DVB-IPDC, OMA-BCAST, the broadcasting of digital TV services DVB-T2 multiplex. The MPLP technique TV-Anytime, DVP-IPI) fulfilled the over a DVB-T2 network involves several can also be used to offer regional services. criteria to enable the aforementioned new components and interfaces. The T2 For the upper layer service, several services. Although it was decided to use gateway, operating at the headend after service guide solutions have been studied. DVB-IPDC to demonstrate the various the regular multiplexer, provides for the Within the endT2end platform the service advanced services, the endT2end platform encapsulation of the MPEG-2 transport guide that describes all the services and supports other service guide tools. stream into a DVB-T2 stream (baseband their related information or metadata is There was a question raised at the last frames). It inserts synchronization carried over a dedicated PLP so that the DVB-T2 Technical Module meeting that information for SFN broadcasting, STB tunes first to that PLP to discover remains to be answered and that is “Does manages the allocation of baseband frames all the services available in the DVB-T2 DVB need to specify a upper layer service into Multiple Physical Layer Pipes (MPLP) multiplex. The service guide toolbox to leverage the DVB-T2 sophisticated for offering service specific robustness, enables the endT2end platform to offer transmission channel and to offer an and outputs T2-MI packets containing advanced and interactive services. The advanced toolbox for describing evolved baseband frames data, synchronization services range from enriched EPG and services?” This potentially needs to be information, transmission parameters and service information, interactive services, addressed in the future. MPLP scheduling. These T2-MI packets are data piped into MPEG-2 transport endT2end Architecture streams to be distributed to DVB-T2 modulators. The latter are the only parts to be updated at the transmission sites. The same amplifiers remain, using less power for the same coverage as DVB-T2 MPEG-2/4 HD/SD and provides greater performance and DVB-T2 DVB-T2 encoder DVB-T2 efficiencies. In households, set-top boxes Gateway Modulator STB and iDTVs need to be updated to integrate Service a DVB-T2 chipset however the same roof- Guide top antenna can be used. Up until now, Server no end-to-end DVB-T2 system has been Demod/Demux tested combining the DVB-T2 features ESG Engine SFN, MISO and MPLP. Also, besides Renderer DVB-SI, no other service layer (e.g., EPG) endT2end Service has been deployed in combination with DVB-T2. The objective of the endT2end project is to implement a comprehensive endT2end system from the T2 gateway to the T2 modulator, up to a complete 19:30 DVB-T2 set-top box to validate and utilize 20:00 Le journal the advanced techniques of the DVB-T2 de votre région standard. This would enable appealing 19:20 20:00 services through an advanced service guide. Le salon The project started in September de l'automobile 2009 and will run until September 2011. The endT2end project is sponsored by the French business associations Images & Réseaux and Cap Digital, which are Sept à huit comprised of private companies and 19:00 Au sommaire de ce Sept à huit, universities involved in the digital industry. 20:00 "Un peuple en révolte", "Folie dou..."

6 March 2011 | DVB SCENE DVB Goes To Brussels On November 30th 2010 DVB organized with the European broadcasting industry Helmut Stein, Chairman of the DVB a lunchtime briefing at the Marriott and the EU is obvious. Promotions & Communications Module, Renaissance Hotel in Brussels. Peter Siebert, DVB’s Executive gave an overview of DVB deployment The briefing was intended to update Director, continued the briefing with a and promotional activities. With DVB European policymakers and regulators on technical overview of the three DVB second standards in use in nearly every country in the success of DVB, the DVB’s second generation standards: DVB-S2, DVB-C2 the world, DVB’s success is well established generation broadcasting standards, and to and DVB-T2. The scarcity of available and is expected to grow even faster with the generate EU support for the international spectrum in Europe and the increasing anticipated mass deployment of DVB-T2 promotion of DVB open standards. demand for HD and even 3D content and DVB-C2 services. A recent research DVB Chairman Phil Laven welcomed created the requirement for much more report from IHS Screen Digest indicates the group of EU and other officials and efficient broadcast systems. The common that 60% of all global digital broadcast gave a brief introduction to DVB. Even highlights of these three standards are the 30 receivers are DVB devices and expects though DVB is now a global consortium, to 50% increase in capacity and the increased the total DVB receiver deployment figure it all started in 1993 with a core group of robustness, creating three very efficient, to rise from 500 to 870 million over the European companies and the connection flexible and future proof broadcast standards. next four years. With the recent selection of DVB-T2 as the terrestrial standard for the Southern African region and India, and strong interest in many other regions, this is a crucial time to maintain the momentum and align any potential EU support. The briefing closed with a lively audience discussion about the benefits derived from the development and international promotion of DVB standards for both DVB Members and the EU alike. Conclusion: DVB may have had its inception in Europe, but today its membership is comprised of companies from around the globe making it the biggest broadcast club in the world. Hybrid Options

The Amino Freedom media center is a accessible through a fully interactive TV adaptation of these applications. It can be good example of upcoming hybrid STBs guide. Additionally, an integrated hard disk expected that in addition to multimedia combining DVB 2nd generation standards drive delivers time-shift recording of applications, social media such as Facebook and broadband connectivity. This concept multiple channels, pause live TV and push will be popular on these devices. Hybrid helps to meet the growing consumer VOD. Users can also access all their locally devices also need to be integrated into the demand for TV based entertainment from stored music, video and pictures from in-home network. This can be done, for any source - including broadcast, the anywhere in their home network using example, by implementing DNLA internet, social networking and local technology certified by the Digital Living specifications or the in-home specifications content. Network Alliance (DLNA). from DVB. Powered by the Intel Atom Media Hybrid devices, such as the Amino Processor CE4100, it includes a DVB-T2 Freedom will bring together a wide range tuner option to support both HD and SD of unique and innovative features such as broadcast programing over the terrestrial broadcast, on-demand content, open spectrum. Examples of this are Freeview internet and local content together in one HD and plans for the YouView service. single device. A wide range of powerful, Typically hybrid devices will be cost efficient system on chips is now equipped with a fully functional web available to provide the necessary hardware browser, supporting all major formats of resources for today’s demanding internet delivered video including Adobe multimedia applications. The FlashT and both MPEG-2 and MPEG-4. hardware is complemented by This means that content available on flexible operating systems which popular video websites is now immediately allow easy integration and

DVB SCENE | March 2011 7 Setting a Standard The Road to DVB-T2 in Southern Africa Gerhard Petrick

The year 2010 was a momentous year for actually decided on a standard for DTT. Africa. It was suggested that previous national One key event that stands out was consultations and engineering analysis the successful hosting of the first football on the standards topic were ill-informed, World Cup on the African continent. It biased and steered by clandestine Gerhard Petrick is Manager of Research was awesome to see a nation previously international forces. These broad and Development at Multichoice divided, now unified in extending a warm statements coupled with unfounded claims Technical Operations, South Africa and South African welcome to the world and of ‘superior’ performance, rhetoric on the an active member of SADIBA. He writes to experience the unified African support threat of neocolonialism and wild promises in his personal capacity. for Ghana’s Black Stars as they carried on developmental benefits and even Africa’s hopes and dreams into the quarter internet access to the poor via a certain DTT systems and technologies were finals of the competition. DTT standard proliferated. given an opportunity to present. An ITU Far less glamorous but arguably as Driven by the new intense need for representative from the Terrestrial Services significant for the future of the continent clear, objective and factually correct Department was invited to contextualize and its people was the decision by information a small regional industry a renewed standards discussion within the Southern African Communications forum known as SADIBA (the Southern GE-06 agreement whilst SADIBA was Ministers in November 2010, confirming African Digital Broadcasting Association) awarded an opportunity to present a local DVB-T2 as the standard for digital mobilized its members, engaged the perspective. The DVB was represented by terrestrial television (DTT) in the region. academia in the region and became vocal Phil Laven and John Bigeni. It has been a long haul getting in the standards debate. It was astonishing to see how here though. Back in 2000 European Noting that the lobbyists were able completely opposing views on the Broadcasters approached the ITU to access decision makers at the highest technical capabilities of the respective (International Telecommunication Union) political level, SADIBA focused on sharing technology standards were presented. All on re-visiting the analogue television accurate and reliable information that of a sudden maps depicting the adoption frequency band plan to facilitate the roll would allow both political and engineering of standards worldwide showed the entire out of digital terrestrial broadcasting stakeholders to analyze the information continent of Africa as ‘undecided’. This in services. Hearing about the process and presented and draw their own conclusions a context where SADC countries Namibia, realizing the potential of a harmonized on the accuracy of the data and claims Mauritius and South Africa had already rollout of DVB-T across all of ITU Region made. made significant strides towards DVB-T 1, Member States from across Africa Pushed by the ISDB-T lobbyists network roll-out, trials, and in the case requested to be part of such a planning the pre GE-06 standards debate was of Namibia and Mauritius had launched conference. European member states formally reopened. A key event was the commercial operations. acceded to the empathic requests and SADC (Southern African Development The presentations made generated delayed their planning conference. Community) / CRASA (Communications many questions and healthy debate. Numerous national and regional Regulators’ Association of Southern SADIBA presented on the challenges preparatory conferences followed as Africa) forum held in Maseru, Lesotho in of implementing a system and standard nations prepared their frequency band April 2010. Proponents of the respective deployed only in a 6 MHz channel plans and deliberated on the standards to be used and the policy matters that would drive the migration in their country. The ITU Region 1 subsequent ITU Regional Radio Conference held in Geneva in June 2006 culminated in a comprehensive agreement on the implementation of DVB-T for television services (Geneva 2006 or GE-06 agreement). The agreement provides clarity ITU Region 2 on all technical planning parameters, captures approved national frequency plans and spells out notification and coordination procedures. African Member States of the ITU and signatories to GE-06 thus clearly adopted DVB-T as the standard for DTT. However, in early 2010 lobbyists ITU Region 3 seemed to suggest that Africa and specifically Southern Africa had not ITU Region Map

8 March 2011 | DVB SCENE bandwidth into a SADC context and specified, installed and commissioned governed by GE-06 and 8 MHz channel the equipment required to upgrade the spacing. It was curious to hear the head DVB-T trail transmission in Johannesburg fn one government delegation formally to DVB-T2. In mid September 2010 distancing that country from the SADIBA commercial television broadcasters and presentation. SADIBA members, e.tv and M-Net with The ITU representative reviewed the signal distributor Orbicom switched on Final Acts of GE-06 and discussed the the first DVB-T2 transmissions in Africa. implications of considering a technology The DVB-T2 transmission was other than the adopted DVB-T. This configured to deliver 18 free-to-air presentation although courteous and standard definition (SD) channels. factually accurate generated heated Broadcasters invited residents of responses and was followed by a formal Mzimhlope in Soweto Township to complaint of bias and misrepresentation participate in the trial and provided access lodged with the Secretary General of to the required set-top box receivers. the ITU against its representative in All of a sudden award winning attendance in Maseru. Clearly the gloves DVB-T2 that had been driven by a were off in this standards battle. desire to deliver high definition services Briefed on the findings of the Maseru (HD) to high-end users was delivering forum and again receiving presentations multichannel television to ordinary Telkom Tower in Hillbrow, Johannesburg by ISDB-T proponents and the DVB South Africans. The enthusiasm and Project, SADC Ministers responsible for interest from DVB-T2 trialists previously broadcasting at their meeting in Luanda, dependent on poor analogue reception Angola in May 2010 recommended the of 3-4 channels was truly contagious. establishment of an ad-hoc subcommittee Numerous delegations from across Africa to undertake further investigations and visited Soweto, spoke to the residents and advise SADC Member States on the experienced DVB-T2 in operation. viability of the different standards. The switch-on of DVB-T2 did It quickly became apparent that however not deter proponents of ISDB-T the debates on performance differences and in early November 2010 a highly between DVB-T and ISDB-T were problematic and sporadic 4 day ISDB-T marginal. Both standards essentially rely 8 MHz transmission was on air over Recruiting Trialists on the same core technologies. Any claims Pretoria, South Africa. of massive superior performance of one On 24 November 2010 the are currently on-air in Botswana and system would thus be an exaggeration of SADC Ministers met in Lusaka, a DVB-T2 transmission will be added marginal differences. Zambia and considered the report and within weeks. A more relevant comparison would recommendations of the SADC study Just as the year 2010 has left a legacy of assess the merits and performance group on digital standards. The Ministers world class football stadia and showcased capability of implementing a second agreed that SADC Member States Africa’s ability to deliver, it has also generation standard for digital terrestrial should adopt DVB-T2 with MPEG-4 demonstrated resilience of the policy and television rather than splitting hairs on compression as the recommended digital communications engineering base in the first generation systems - even if these are terrestrial standard for the Region. SADC region and witnessed visionary and likely to remain relevant in established Whilst the SADC decision also allows clear decision making that will establish markets for many years to come. Member States to consider alternatives world class broadcast networks and services Whilst the SADC study group within the GE-06 context, only Angola for many years to come. Truly, a year to visited Europe and Brazil, South African and Botswana are allowing for further remember! broadcast engineers researched DVB-T2 research and analysis. ISDB-T trials For more information visit: www.sadiba.org

Delegates at the SADC / CRASA Forum held in Maseru, Lesotho in April 2010

DVB SCENE | March 2011 9 Setting the Record Straight The truth behind the claims Phil Laven, DVB Chairman

The ITU’s Geneva Plan of 2006 was based many other gems of misinformation as on the assumption that DVB-T would be “DVB-T does not support HDTV” – used throughout the entire planning area despite clear evidence to the contrary in (Europe, Africa and parts of the Middle many countries such as Norway, France East) – but it made provision for other and Australia. standards to be used on the understanding Even stranger statements had previously that such transmissions would cause no been made by Helio Costa, Brazil’s more interference than DVB-T and would Communications Minister, who said “The also not require any additional protection. European system has been totally outdated, Phil Laven Various countries in Africa had formally it is ancient. An example of this is that the selected DVB-T, such as South Africa video compressor used in European and and that DVB-T2 was dramatically better where, in 2008, the Cabinet endorsed the American systems is not made any more. than DVB-T and ISDB-T. use of DVB-T with MPEG-4 AVC video It is so old that Germany, which is one of DVB repeatedly offered to participate compression. the leading producers of inputs of DVB, in comparative tests of DVB-T, However, in April 2010, a South considered switching to Japanese”. ISDB-T and DVB-T2 on the basis African newspaper published an article by In May 2011, SADC Ministers that independent scientific test would the then President Lula da Silva of Brazil responsible for ICT decided to establish an resolve any arguments about technical which included the statement “During my ad-hoc committee “to undertake further performance. Despite the reluctance of forthcoming visit to South Africa, an investigations and advise Member States on the Japanese and Brazilians to undertake action plan for our strategic partnership is the viability of the different technical such tests, the Japanese organized over- to be adopted. We look forward to a standards with the view for us as a region air demonstrations of an 8 MHz variant common Digital TV standard”. Given that to move towards adopting a common of ISDB-T in Pretoria, (South Africa) in Brazil uses 6 MHz channels and that South standard.” Members of the ad-hoc September 2011. These demonstrations Africa uses 7 MHz or 8 MHz channels, the committee subsequently visited France, proved very little – mainly because they idea of a ‘common standard’ seemed alien UK and Brazil to investigate the viability of were conducted in Pretoria rather than in to most engineers. Around this time, a the various standards for digital terrestrial Johannesburg where it would have been senior civil servant in South Africa was TV. possible to have made direct comparisons reported to have said “DVB-T has been Colleagues from Japan and Brazil with the existing DVB-T and DVB-T2 found to be somewhat problematic and made numerous claims about the technical test transmissions. As one engineer this is why Europe is now moving to superiority of the ISDB-T standard over commented “Why are the Japanese so DVB-T2.” Of course, it is easy to correct DVB-T. On the other hand, advocates frightened by the prospect of side-by-side such misunderstandings – especially as of DVB presented technical information tests?” DVB-T has been the key ingredient in the (such as the accompanying graph derived Another key issue was that of success of analogue switch-off in various from published information) which affordability of consumer equipment. European countries! Nevertheless, heavy suggested that DVB-T performed slightly Although digital TV has been on the air in lobbying in favor of ISDB-T produced better than an 8 MHz version of ISDB-T Brazil for 3 or 4 years, the high prices of set-top boxes is widely seen as a deterrent DVB-T,DVB-T, DVB-T2 DVB-T2 & &ISDB-T ISDB-T (8 MHz) (8 MHz) to consumer adoption of digital TV: for example, only 3 or 4 models of set-top 60 boxes seem to be on sale in Brazil – and Higher Shannon Limit they cost at least US $160. On the other data rate DVB-T2 50 hand, the mass markets for DVB products around the world have resulted in intense Lower competition between many suppliers 40 transmitter offering extremely low prices, such as power DVB-T DVB-T2 set-top boxes selling for UK £50 30 (less than US $80) – even though DVB-T2 ISDB-T is a much more complex standard than 8 MHz ISDB-T. 20 64-QAM In November 2011, having received the report of the ad-hoc committee, a further 10 16-QAM meeting of SADC Ministers concluded that “SADC Member States should adopt QPSK DVB-T2 with MPEG-4 compression Data rate in 8 MHz channel (Mbit/s) 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 as the recommended digital terrestrial standard for the Region”. C/N ratio (dB) Gaussian channel

10Data for ISDB-T assuming 8 MHz variant with no handheld segment March 2011 | DVB SCENE Finnish Style DVB-T2 Broadcasting with New Type of Topology Juhani Simpanen, Development Manager, DNA

It was back in December 2009 when, after having been DNA’s antenna television network is the world’s largest Single awarded the contract by Finland’s Ministry of Transport and Frequency Network (SFN). In an SFN, the frequency bands are Telecommunications to provide both the network and HD used with particular efficiency, since the same broadcast frequency services, DNA Oy, Finland’s largest cable TV operator, began is used in multiple adjacent transmission bases. They are able to DVB-T2 test transmissions. The testing took place in Lahti, about cover large geographical areas using the SFN transmitters, thereby 100 kilometers northeast of Helsinki, through the use of two DTT saving frequencies. At the moment, DNA has two nationwide HDTV multiplexes in VHF band III using the DVB-T2 standard channel packages in the VHF frequency range. Efficiency savings and MPEG-4 coding. However, it was not until the Vancouver enabled by DVB-T2 led the Finnish Communications Regulatory Olympics, in March 2010 that viewers in the Helsinki and Lahti Authority (FICORA) to hold successful frequency coordination areas received their first taste of the HD broadcasts. negotiations with the other countries in the region and DNA, As of January 2011 the HD services are encrypted and viewers owing to its frequency use model is now able to apply for a third are required to have compatible equipment including a DVB-T2 VHF C channel package. tuner and a DNA smartcard or CI Plus module to receive the The transmitters have been positioned in existing mobile service. DNA’s current channel offering consists of the Animal phone and local radio towers allowing the network to be flexibly Planet HD, MTVN HD, Canal+ Film HD and Nelonen PRO modified as coverage requirements change in relation to, for 1 HD. The broadcasts are free of charge until the end of March instance, the expansion in population of cities. During the 2011. It is anticipated that the remaining channels that obtained construction of the network it was quickly noticed that in terms licenses for the network will launch HD services in the spring. of frequency technology, the VHF range is very good, and the From the beginning, DNA’s plan was to make HDTV services superiority of low frequencies could be utilized as a commercial commercially available to over 40 percent of Finnish households factor. The transmitter towers are typically around 100 meters by the end of 2010 and extend the coverage to 60 percent by high, with transmitting power ranging from 1.2 to 3.4 kW in the end of 2011. Today, these plans are being revised. Finland is ERP power, depending on the site. The only adverse factor of the a sparsely populated country and as DNA rolls out its planned VHF frequency range is a channel grid that is merely 7 MHz. DVB-T2 network in locations that have the highest number of Compared to the UHF frequency range, it uses more capacity. In antenna households, it is now thought that by mid-2011 the order to circumvent this problem the parameters have been set in network will enable 80 percent of the population to receive HD such a manner as to reach a capacity exceeding 37 Mbps with the services. There is also the possibility of expanding further, however current Muxes. This has been achieved by altering the FEC value this decision will not be made until later in the spring. to 4/5 from its current 3/4. Computationally, the change reduces the area of coverage by two percent at the most. DVB-T2 DTT Network Coverage 2Q/2011 DNA has paid particular attention to matters such as energy- efficiency with regard to its selection of transmitters. When the efficiency coefficient related to electricity consumption is usually 21 to 23 percent, DNA’s water-cooled models can reach up to a 24 percent efficiency coefficient. Thanks to water-cooling, a separate ventilation system is not required; instead, the heat is pumped out in liquid form and condensed in an energy-efficient manner. Compared with air-cooled systems, this solution reduces the total energy need by more than 50 percent. These new technology solutions allow DNA to utilize its broadcast capacity in an efficient manner to not only save energy, but also to significantly reduce costs.

DNA DVB-T2 Network Parameters Frequency Band VHF III 174-230MHz Modulation 256 QAM FEC 4/5 Guard Interval 19/256 Pilot Pattern PP4 Carrier Mode 32k Capacity / MUX 37,4 Mbps

DVB SCENE | March 2011 11 Incentive to Innovate 3DTV at Sky David Daniels, Senior Technologist, BSkyB

Due to the incentive that all pay-TV and unlike some broadcast platforms, operators share - to invest in both the we are not constrained by bandwidth or content and the functionality that spectrum issues. differentiates pay from what you get for Then, of course, there is the most free - innovation is in Sky’s DNA. important thing: the content. The Sky In the past this has led directly to 3D channel is emphatically about big and products including the Sky+ PVR and to bold event TV: it’s about the whole family Sky being able to offer our HD subscribers sitting down together to watch the big a choice of more than 50 high definition movie, match, documentary, and about channels. offering viewers a selection of the very This same incentive to innovate has best sports, movies, arts, documentary been key in driving the growth of Sky 3D, and entertainment programmes, all in delighted with the approval of TS 101 547 to the point where at the end of January immersive 3D. by the Technical Module, which will allow this year, we were able to announce that Despite having only been televising us to make further improvements to our 70,000 homes had already subscribed to 3D content for less than a year, we are 3D service. Sky 3D. That’s not bad for a channel that already approaching our 100th live 3D We’ve made a great start, but there’s still only launched in October 2010. sports broadcast, and have even managed a long way to go, and we’ll keep on forging Sky’s success in three dimensions is to attract broadcasting icon David ahead. also down to having an infrastructure that Attenborough to make the groundbreaking is ideal for delivering 3D: using a hybrid Flying Monsters 3D for the channel. delivery method of both satellite and IP, we Having myself chaired the TM-3DTV can efficiently deliver 3D & HD in high working group, we enjoy a close and volumes through existing Sky+HD boxes, fruitful relationship with the DVB, and are TM Approves 3DTV Specification

On January 27, 2011 the Technical Module met and approved the specification for ‘Frame ! ! Compatible Plano-Stereoscopic 3DTV’, DVB-3DTV. The ad-hoc group TM-3D, chaired by ! David Daniels (BSkyB), presented the specification document for approval. The specification is ! the result of the work carried out in the TM-3D and of the co-operation of TM-3D with the ad-hoc groups TM-AVC, chaired by Ken McCann (ZetaCast), TM-GBS, chaired by Alexander

Adolf (Condition-ALPHA), and the ad-hoc group TM-SUB, chaired by Nick Tanton (BBC). ! ! ! This new specification follows agreement by the 3D Commercial Module in July 2010 on ! ! the DVB-3DTV commercial requirements from the key industry groups. ! ! ! Plano-stereoscopic imaging systems deliver two images (left and right) that are arranged ! Digital Video Broadcasting! (DVB); to be seen simultaneously, or near simultaneously, by the left and right eyes. Viewers Frame Compatible Plano! perceive increased depth in the picture, which becomes more like the natural binocular (DVB -Stereoscopic 3DTV viewing experience. Since 2010 many 3DTV capable consumer products have been -3DTV)

launched in the market. The present document specifies the delivery system for frame compatible plano- DVB Document stereoscopic 3DTV services, enabling service providers to utilize their existing HDTV A154 infrastructures to deliver 3DTV services that are compatible with 3DTV capable February 2011 displays already in the market. This system covers both use cases of a STB delivering

3DTV services to a 3DTV capable display device via an HDMI connection, and a

3DTV capable display device receiving 3DTV services directly via a built-in tuner and decoder.

The next stage is for the specification to be sent to the DVB Steering Board for formal approval. Upon approval a BlueBook will be published pending formal standardization by ETSI.

12 March 2011 | DVB SCENE Keen Analysis

growing at an average year-on-year rate of 17% to reach 674m active DTT receivers Terrestrial Still Dominates by 2014. However, in 2010 and 2011 the DTT set-top box market is actually beginning to fall. We expect that only 44m Ben Keen, Chief Analyst, IFI Head of Research, IHS Screen Digest DTT boxes will ship in 2011, and the IHS Screen Digest is a research company focusing on the media market value will fall to €2bn. This change and entertainment industries. Screen Digest is a primary source of is a direct consequence of the growing market analysis and strategic insight for many of the world’s largest prevalence of iDTVs, as the vast majority communications corporations. More information on the company of new TV displays sold become capable of and its latest research is available at www.screendigest.com supporting DTT. From 2012 onwards, almost all major developed nations will have completed The free-to-air (FTA) terrestrial sector As digital switchover becomes more analogue switch-off, and sales instead still forms the largest single broadcast frequent globally, there has naturally been become driven by the growth of FTA DTT platform worldwide. Despite the rise of the a huge demand for DTT receivers. By the in emerging countries such as Brazil and pay TV industry, particularly in developed end of 2010, IHS Screen Digest estimates especially China. Indeed, we expect that countries, for many consumers FTA there were 364m active DTT receivers China will begin to dominate FTA DTT terrestrial still represents the most affordable worldwide, up from just 4m in 2001. With growth over the next few years, accounting access to TV content, requiring just a single the aggressive analogue switch-off dates for 43% of all worldwide set-top box one-off payment for a terrestrial receiver. being pursued by developed countries, shipments by 2014. These receivers can come in many forms. the majority of this growth has thus far Here we define a DTT receiver as either occurred across Western Europe, USA and an integrated digital television set (iDTV), Japan. Together these territories accounted which contains an integrated digital for 85% of all active DTT receivers in Total Active DTT Receivers terrestrial tuner, or a set-top box. 2010. Sales and revenues of both iDTVs Digitalization of terrestrial television and DTT set-top boxes have increased year 160000 has progressed rapidly since the turn of on year until 2009. That year the terrestrial 140000 120000 the millennium, with countries around set-top box market was valued at €2.8bn, - Western Europe the world eager to free up spectrum and and 64m DTT set-top boxes were sold 100000 - Eastern Europe lower operating costs. By 2010, the USA globally, a total greater than any other 80000 - North America - Latin America 60000 and much of Western Europe had already single platform in 2009. - Asia-Pacific completed analogue switch-off, and by From the end of 2010 until the end 40000 - MEA 2015, the majority of Eastern Europe and of 2014, the overall FTA DTT market 20000 Asia-Pacific will have followed suit. is projected to remain in good health, 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

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DVB SCENE | March 2011 13 MARKET WATCH

www.rohde-schwarz.com www.technisat.com www.pixelmetrix.com

TechniSat is developing a hybrid HDTV satellite set-top-box with IP and browser functionality, called the Digit ISIO. This product contains a twin tuner concept, Conax and Nagravision CA-systems, 2 CI-slots with CI+ support, Linux operation system, Opera web browser and is HbbTV capable. With a new designed on-screen display, an app bar which may be filled optionally and a link list for websites.

www.oceanbluesoftware.com The R&S DVMS4 from Rohde & Schwarz monitors transport streams and DVB-T/H and DVB-S/S2 signals to ensure high operational reliability. One of the most compact monitoring instruments in its class, it measures just one height unit. It can simultaneously monitor the RF and transport stream characteristics of up to The Pixelmetrix Electronic Couch Potato four signals, which makes it ideal for sites (ECP) can be used to prevent adult content with multiple transmitters. Because it from inadvertently reaching children detects all relevant errors, network through the use of a password to view such operators do not have to invest in more content. With programmable test scripting complex monitoring solutions. ability combined with screen section detection, it provides fully automated Ocean Blue Software’s Talking TV STB validation by instantly inputting the PIN www.verimatrix.com has been developed with the UK’s Royal code and then confirming correct video National Institute of Blind as part of a playout upon identifying locked screen consortium, including STMicroelectronics messages. After pioneering hybrid DVB-IP content and TW Electronics, to develop advanced security with the Video Content Authority technology for digital set-top boxes and System (VCAS), Verimatrix now offers TVs. The assistive technology benefits www.agilent.com DVB operators the opportunity to add users who have visual impairments and hybrid DVB-OTT (over-the-top) services other disabilities, by voicing the program by deploying its new hybrid DVB & Web guide and menu items. The technology set-top box client, which decrypts both incorporates an enhanced user interface DVB and HTTP adaptive rate streaming and advanced text-to-speech, specifically services. The VCAS 3 multiscreen solution designed for varied levels of visual also enables DVB operators to reach out to impairment. iPhones/iPads and Android based mobile devices, plus PC/Macs and connected TVs, from a single headend. www.newtec.eu

Newtec has announced support for secure transmissions in accordance with the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) on its Agilent’s new digital cable TV measurement Azimuth and Elevation satellite modulation application, N6152A, for its X-Series signal equipment. AES encryption provides high analyzer PXA/MXA/EXA or W6152A for level security for satellite transmissions over CXA, provides standard-based power commercial and government networks. and modulation analysis capabilities like This new security feature combined with its channel power, SEM, constellation, MER, DualFlow technology provides a solution BER etc for DVB-C (J.83 Annex A/C) and for securing simultaneous transmission of J.83/B standards. The application can be data and real-time video streams over the used to help the design, evaluation and same carrier. manufacture of modulators, transmitters, amplifiers and tuners. It can provide the flexibility of measuring signal quality and modulation accuracy with RF input or analog IQ input.

14 March 2011 | DVB SCENE www.roverbroadcast.com www.humaxdigital.com www.advantechwireless.com

The BIT-1 is a lightweight, easy-to-use, The Humax Freeview HD range, consisting battery operated broadcast installation of the HD-FOX T2 and HDR-FOX T2, provides tool from Rover Broadcast. With this new users with access to a whole host of the UK’s product, professionals in the broadcasting Freeview channels including HD offerings, sector can verify the quality of 3 important subscription free. The new TV portal also The AMT75e modem combines the signals present in almost any offers a variety of on-demand and internet Advantech Wireless DVB-S/S2 modulator and DVB-T/T2 transmitting site services on both boxes; Sky Player, BBC demodulator in a single 1 RU chassis. It offers and key digital television iPlayer, Flickr, Wiki@TV and internet radio powerful Forward Error Correction (FEC) facilities: ASI, 10 MHz and can be sent straight to the TV screen once choices, compliant with DVB-S, DVB-DSNG, 1PPS and perform MIP the box is connected to a home broadband and DVB-S2. The DVB-S2 implementation analysis. The unit provides network. includes 16APSK/32APSK with both16k a USB 2.0 port for advanced (SHORT) and 64k (NORMAL). The modem transport stream recording includes 8 ASI inputs, an available GbE and analysis and audio/ IP interface with optional MPE and GSE video MPEG-2 & MPEG-4 encapsulation. The manufacturer claims it is decoding. an ideal universal mod/demod/modem.

www.funke.nl www.kathrein.de www.blankom-digital.de

Funke Digital TV has recently developed a KATHREIN offers an extended range of The QUAD Multistream Processor DRD 700 state of the art active antenna with an all- wideband UHF superturnstile antennas, Falcon is the newest member of the in-one solution that will be available in May particularly suitable for digital TV sophisticated Blankom Digital B-IRD family. It 2011. The DSC 500 can be used as an indoor applications. The top-mounted horizontal can receive and descramble 4 transport and outdoor antenna. With a simple slide, polarized plug-and-play antennas offer streams simultaneously coming from it is possible to add additional elements excellent omnidirectional radiation different sources such as DVB-S/S2, DVB-T/T2, to the basic antenna which increases the characteristic over the entire UHF frequency DVB-C, ASI or IP. The unit supports MPTS passive gain up to 3 dB. range 470 - 862 MHz. They come fully and SPTS IP streaming and can also feed assembled in a slim self-supporting GRP modulators and decoders via ASI. It has four cylinder with low weight and low windload. DVB-CI-slots supporting all major CA These antennas are also characterized with systems including multiple service low VSWR/Return Loss and are available for descrambling. low, medium and high transmitter powers.

www.broadcast.harris.com

Harris Corporation offers a complete production-to-broadcast workflow solution for the DVB-T2 digital terrestrial www.enensys.com transmission standard. This solution includes the Apex M2X software-defined single-box broadcast exciter, HD/SD ENENSYS, through its Test Systems division, encoding and DVB-T2 gateway equipment. leverages its test & monitoring solution for Through a simple software upgrade, DVB-T2 with the ReFeree T2 Measurement customers can seamlessly migrate to high- Receiver. The system provides a complete test efficiency DVB-T2, allowing for increased solution for DVB-T2, from RF down to video. capabilities for HD, SD, 3D, mobile and Featuring RF, T2-MI and MPEG2-TS analysis, it multicast content, while reducing costs. checks the signal integrity everywhere on the DVB-T2 network. It also enables capture of the DVB-T2 signal in the field for offline analysis in the lab. The unit is portable and USB powered.

www.teamcast.com www.t-vips.com

TeamCast offers, for DVB-S/S2 satellite The T-VIPS CP546 provides efficient and solutions, a modulator and demodulator continuous monitoring of DVB-ASI with both SNMP and web browser control. transport streams, enabling fast fault Vyper, the DVB-S/S2 modulator, covers the detection and diagnostics in an easy-to-use full BIS band (950/2150 MHz), providing and intuitive web user interface. Error an input bitrate up to 200 Mbps with up detection and alarms are based on ETSI TR to 45Mbaud, and operating in CMM as 101 290 and are provided through the web well as VCM and ACM modes. Syper, the interface as well as through SNMP. In DVB-S/S2 demodulator, supports multi- addition to its monitoring capabilities, streams and multi-outputs, plus the full the unit also allows in depth analysis of DVB-S/S2 specification with embedded signal, services, components as well as PSI, LNB control. SI and PSIP table decoding.

DVB SCENE | March 2011 15 SAY WHEN

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