Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe

DOCTOR FAUSTUS (Version A) by Christopher Marlowe

Born in Canterbury in 1564, the same year as William Shakespeare, work of government agents. Little evidence to support these allegations Christopher Marlowe was an actor, poet, and playwright during the reign has come to light, however. of Britain’s Queen Elizabeth I (ruled 1558–1603). Marlowe attended Doctor Faustus was probably written in 1592, although the exact date of Corpus Christi College at Cambridge University and received degrees in its composition is uncertain, since it was not published until 1584 and 1587. Traditionally, the education that he received would have a decade later. The idea of an individual selling his or her soul to the devil prepared him to become a clergyman, but Marlowe chose not to join the for knowledge is an old motif in Christian folklore, one that had become ministry. For a time, Cambridge even wanted to withhold his degree, attached to the historical persona of Johannes Faustus, a disreputable apparently suspecting him of having converted to Catholicism, a astrologer who lived in Germany sometime in the early 1500s. The forbidden faith in late-sixteenth-century England, where Protestantism immediate source of Marlowe’s play seems to be the anonymous German was the state-supported religion. Queen Elizabeth’s Privy Council work Historia von D. Iohan Fausten of 1587, which was translated into intervened on his behalf, saying that Marlowe had “done her majesty English in 1592, and from which Marlowe lifted the bulk of the plot for good service” in “matters touching the benefit of the country.” This odd his drama. Although there had been literary representations of Faust prior sequence of events has led some to theorize that Marlowe worked as a spy to Marlowe’s play, Doctor Faustus is the first famous version of the story. for the crown, possibly by infiltrating Catholic communities in France. Later versions include the long and famous poem Faust by the nineteenth- After leaving Cambridge, Marlowe moved to London, where he became a century Romantic writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, as well as operas playwright and led a turbulent, scandal-plagued life. He produced seven by Charles Gounod and Arrigo Boito and a symphony by Hector Berlioz. plays, all of which were immensely popular. Among the most well known Meanwhile, the phrase “Faustian bargain” has entered the English of his plays are Tamburlaine, The Jew of Malta, and Doctor Faustus. In lexicon, referring to any deal made for a short-term gain with great costs his writing, he pioneered the use of blank verse—nonrhyming lines of in the long run. iambic pentameter—which many of his contemporaries, including William Shakespeare, later adopted. In 1593, however, Marlowe’s career was cut short. After being accused of heresy (maintaining beliefs contrary to those of an approved religion), he was arrested and put on a sort of probation. On May 30, 1593, shortly after being released, Marlowe became involved in a tavern brawl and was killed when one of the combatants stabbed him in the head. After his death, rumors were spread accusing him of treason, atheism, and homosexuality, and some people speculated that the tavern brawl might have been the

1 Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe

The Tragical History of D. Faustus (1604)

Dramatis Personae • Chorus Summary: Prologue • Faustus The Chorus, a single actor, enters and introduces the plot of the play. It • Wagner will involve neither love nor war, he tells us, but instead will trace the • Good Angel “form of Faustus’ fortunes” (Prologue.8). The Chorus chronicles how • Evil Angel Faustus was born to lowly parents in the small town of Rhode, how he • Valdes came to the town of Wittenberg to live with his kinsmen, and how he was • Cornelius educated at Wittenberg, a famous German university. After earning the • First Scholar title of doctor of divinity, Faustus became famous for his ability to discuss • Second Scholar theological matters. The Chorus adds that Faustus is “swollen with • Mephistophilis cunning” and has begun to practice necromancy, or black magic • Robin, a Clown (Prologue.20). The Prologue concludes by stating that Faustus is seated • Lucifer in his study. • Beelzebub • The Pope Enter Chorus. • The Cardinal of Lorraine Not marching now in fields of Thrasimene, • a Friar Where Mars did mate the Carthaginians, • Ralph, a clown Nor sporting in the dalliance of love, • a Vintner In courts of Kings where state is overturned, • The Emperor Nor in the pomp of proud audacious deeds, • a Knight Intends our Muse to daunt his heavenly verse: • Alexander Only this, (gentlemen: we must perform, • his Paramour The form of Faustus' fortunes good or bad. • a Horse-courser To patient Judgments we appeal our plaud, • The Duke of Vanholt And speak for Faustus in his infancy. • Duchess Now is he borne, his parents base of stock, • Third Scholar In Germany, within a town called Rhodes: • Helen (of Greece) Of riper years to Wertenberg he went, • an Old Man Whereas his kinsmen chiefly brought him up; • Devils So soon he profits in divinity, • Friars The fruitful plot of scholarism graced, Attendants That shortly he was graced with doctor's name, Excelling all, whose sweet delight disputes In heavenly matters of theology,

2 Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe 'Til swollen with cunning of a self conceit, His waxen wings did mount above his reach, sending spirits to the end of the world to fetch him jewels and delicacies, And, melting, heavens conspired his overthrow; having them For falling to a devilish exercise, teach him secret knowledge, and using magic to make himself king of all And glutted more with learning's golden gifts, Germany. He surfeits upon cursed necromancy. Valdes and Cornelius appear, and Faustus greets them, declaring that he Nothing so sweet as magic is to him has set aside all other forms of learning in favor of magic. They agree to Which he prefers before his chiefest bliss. teach Faustus the principles of the dark arts and describe the wondrous And this the man that in his study sits. Exit. powers that will be his if he remains committed during his quest to learn magic. Cornelius tells him that “[t]he miracles that magic will perform / Will make thee vow to Summary: Scene 1 study nothing else” (1.136–137). Valdes lists a number of texts that In a long soliloquy, Faustus reflects on the most rewarding type of Faustus should read, and the two friends promise to help him become scholarship. He first considers logic, quoting the Greek philosopher better at magic than even they are. Faustus invites them to dine with him, Aristotle, but notes that disputing well seems to be the only goal of logic, and they exit. and, since Faustus’s debating skills are already good, logic is not scholarly enough for him. He considers medicine, quoting the Greek physician Galen, and decides that medicine, with its possibility of achieving miraculous cures, is the most fruitful pursuit—yet he notes that SCENE I he has achieved great renown as a doctor already and that this fame has not brought him satisfaction. He considers law, quoting the Byzantine Enter Faustus in his Study. emperor Justinian, but dismisses law as too petty, dealing with trivial Faustus matters rather than larger ones. Divinity, the study of religion and Settle thy studies, Faustus, and begin theology, seems to offer wider vistas, but he quotes from St. Jerome’s To sound the depth of that thou wilt profess; Bible that all men sin and finds the Bible’s assertion that “[t]he reward Having commenced, be a divine in show, of sin is death” an unacceptable doctrine. He then dismisses religion and Yet level at the end of every art, And live and die in Aristotle's works. Sweet Analytics 'tis thou has ravished me: fixes his mind on magic, which, when properly pursued, he believes will Bene disserere est finis logicis. make him “a mighty god” (1.62). Is, to dispute well, Logic's chiefest end? Wagner, Faustus’s servant, enters as his master finishes speaking. Affords this Art no greater miracle? Faustus asks Wagner to bring Valdes and Cornelius, Faustus’s friends, to Then read no more, thou has attained the end; help him learn the art of magic. While they are on their way, a good A greater subject fitteth Faustus' wit. angel and an evil angel visit Faustus. The good angel urges him to set Bid Oncaymaeon farewell; Galen come: aside his book of magic and read the Scriptures instead; the evil angel Seeing, Ubi desinit philosophus, ibi incipit medicus1, encourages him to go forward in his pursuit of the black arts. After they Be a physician Faustus, heap up gold, vanish, it is clear that Faustus is going to heed the evil spirit, since he And be eternis'd for some wondrous cure. exults at the great powers that the magical arts will bring him. Faustus imagines 1 “Where the philosopher leaves off, there the physician begins.” 3 Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe Lines, circles, scenes, letters and characters, The end of physic is our bodies health. Ay, these are those that Faustus most desires. Why, Faustus, has thou not attained that end? O what a world of profit and delight, Is not thy common talk sound aphorisms? Of power, of honor, of omnipotence Are not thy bills hung up as monuments, Is promised to the studious artisan? Whereby whole cities have escaped the plague, All things that move between the quiet poles And thousand desperate maladies been eased? Shall be at my command. Emperors and Kings, Yet art thou still but Faustus, and a man. Are but obeyed in their several provinces: Wouldst thou make man to live eternally? Nor can they raise the wind, or rend the clouds; Or, being dead, raise them to life again? But his dominion that exceeds in this, Then this profession were to be esteemed. Stretcheth as far as doth the mind of man. Physic farewell. Where is Justinian? A sound magician is a mighty god: Si una eademque res legatur duobus2, Here Faustus try thy brains to gain a deity. Alter rem alter valorem rei, &c. A pretty case of paltry legacies: Enter Wagner. Exhaereditari filium non potest pater nisi3, &c. Wagner, commend me to my dearest friends, Such is the subject of the institute The German Valdes, and Cornelius; And universal body of the Church. Request them earnestly to visit me. His study fits a mercenary drudge, Who aims at nothing but external trash, Wagner The devil and illiberal for me : I will sir. Exit. When all is done, divinity is best; Jerome's Bible, Faustus, view it well: Faustus Stipendium peccati mors est. Ha! Stipendium, &c. Their conference will be a greater help to me, The reward of sin is death: that's hard. Than all my labours, plod I ne'er so fast. Si peccasse negamus, fallimur, & nulla est in nobis veritas.: If we say that we have no sin, We deceive our selves, and there's no truth in us. Enter the Good Angel and the Evil Angel. Why then belike we must sin, Good. Angel And so consequently die. O Faustus, lay that damned book aside, Ay, we must die an everlasting death. And gaze not on it, lest it tempt thy soul, What doctrine call you this, Che sera, sera,: And heap Gods heavy wrath upon thy head, What will be, shall be? Divinity, adieu. Read, read the scriptures, that is blasphemy. These Metaphysics of Magicians, And Necromantic books are heavenly; Evil Angel Go forward, Faustus, in that famous art, Wherein all nature's treasury is contained:

2 Be thou on earth as Jove is in the sky, “If one and the same thing is bequeathed to two persons, one gets the thing and Lord and commander of these elements. Exeunt. the other the value of the thing.” 3 “The father cannot disinherit the son except,” etc. 4 Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe Faustus 'Tis magic, magic that hath ravished Mephistophilis, How am I glutted with conceit of this? Then, gentle friends, aide me in this attempt. Shall I make spirits fetch me what I please, And I that have with concise syllogisms Resolve me of all ambiguities, Gravell'd the pastors of the German church, Perform what desperate enterprise I will? And made the flowering pride of Wertenberg I'll have them fly to India for gold, Swarm to my problems, as the infernal spirits, Ransack the Ocean for orient pearl, On sweet Musoeus when he came to hell, And search all corners of the new found world Will be as cunning as Agrippa was, For pleasant fruits and princely delicates; Whose shadows made all Europe honor him. I'll have them read me strange philosophy, And tell the secrets of all foreign kings; Valdes I'll have them wall all Germany with brass, Faustus, these books thy wit and our experience And make swift Rhine circle faire Wertenberg; Shall make all nations to canonize us: I'll have them fill the public schools with silk, As Indian Moores obey their Spanish Lords, Wherewith the students shall be bravely clad; So shall the subjects of every element I'll levy soldiers with the coin they bring, Be always serviceable to us three, And chase the Prince of Parma from our land, Like lions shall they guard us when we please, And reign sole king of all our provinces; Like Almaine rutters with their horsemen's staves, Yea, stranger engines for the brunt of war, Or Lapland giants trotting by our sides; Then was the fiery keel at Antwarpe's bridge, Sometimes like women, or unwedded maids, I'll make my servile spirits to invent. Shadowing more beauty in their airy brows, Come, German Valdes and Cornelius, Than in their white breasts of the queen of love, And make me blest with your sage conference. For Venice shall they drag huge Argoces, Valdes,sweet Valdes, and Cornelius, And from America the golden fleece, That yearly stuffs old Philips treasury, Enter Valdes and Cornelius. If learned Faustus will be resolute. Know that your words have won me at the last, To practice magic and concealed arts: Faustus Yet not your words only, but mine own fantasy, Valdes as resolute am I in this That will receive no object for my head, As thou to live; therefore object it not. But ruminates on necromantic skill. Philosophy is odious and obscure, Cornelius Both law and physic are for petty wits; The miracles that magic will perform, Divinity is basest of the three, Will make thee vow to study nothing else, Unpleasant, harsh, contemptible and vile, He that is grounded in Astrology, Enriched with tongues, well seen inminerals, Hath all the principles magic doth require. Then doubt not, (Faustus, but to be renowned,

5 Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe And more frequented for this mystery, Summary: Scene 2 Then heretofore the Delphian Oracle. Two scholars come to see Faustus. Wagner makes jokes at their expense The spirits tell me they can dry the sea, and then tells them that Faustus is meeting with Valdes and Cornelius. And fetch the treasure of all foreign wracks, Aware that Valdes and Cornelius are infamous for their involvement in Ay, all the wealth that our forefathers hid the black arts, the scholars leave with heavy hearts, fearing that Faustus Within the massy entrails of the earth. may also be falling into “that damned art” as well. Then tell me, Faustus, what shall we three want?

Faustus SCENE II Nothing, Cornelius; O this cheers my soul. Enter two Scholars. Come show me some demonstrations magical, That I may conjure in some lusty grove, 1. Scholar And have these joys in full possession. I wonder what's become of Faustus, that was wont to make our schools ring with, sic probo. Valdes Then haste thee to some solitary grove, 2. Scholar And bear wise Bacon's and Albanus' works, That shall we know, for see here comes his boy. The Hebrew Psalter, and New Testament, Enter Wagner. And whatsoever else is requisite We will inform thee ere our conference cease. 1. Scholar How now sirrah, where's thy master? Cornelius Valdes, first let him know the words of art; Wagner And then, all other ceremonies learned, God in heaven knows. Faustus may try his cunning by himself. 2.Scholar Valdes Why, dost not thou know? First I'll instruct thee in the rudiments. And then wilt thou be perfecter than I. Wagner Yes, I know, but that follows not. Faustus Then come and dine with me, and after meat, 1.Scholar We'll canvas every quiddity thereof, Go to,sirrah! leave your jesting, and tell us where For ere I sleep I'll try what I can do; he is. This night I'll conjure though I die therefore. Exeunt Wagner That follows not necessary by force of argument, that you being licentiate should stand upon't, therefore ac-

6 Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe knowledge your error, and be attentive. 2. Scholar Were he a stranger, and not allied to me, yet should 2.Scholar I grieve for him. But come let us go and inform the Rector, Why, did'st thou not say thou knew'st? and see if he by his grave counsel can reclaim him.

Wagner 1. Scholar Have you any witness on't? O, but I fear me nothing can reclaim him.

1.Scholar 2. Scholar Yes ,sirrah, I heard you. Yet let us try what we can do. Exeunt Wagner Ask my fellow if I be a thief. Summary: Scene 3 2.Scholar That night, Faustus stands in a magical circle marked with various signs Well, you will not tell us? and words, and he chants in Latin. Four devils and Lucifer, the ruler of hell, watch him from the shadows. Faustus renounces heaven and God, Wagner swears allegiance to hell, and demands that Mephastophilis rise to serve Yes sir, I will tell you, yet if you were not dunces him. The devil Mephastophilis then appears before Faustus, who you would never ask me such a question, for is not he cor- commands him to depart and return dressed as a Franciscan friar, since pus naturale, and is not that mobile, then wherefore should “[t]hat holy shape becomes a devil best” (3.26). Mephastophilis you ask me such a question? But that I am by nature phleg- vanishes, and Faustus remarks on his obedience. Mephastophilis then matic, slow to wrath, and prone to lechery, (to love, I reappears, dressed as a monk, and asks Faustus what he desires. Faustus would say), it were not for you to come within forty foot of demands his obedience, but Mephastophilis says that he is Lucifer’s the place of execution, although I do not doubt to see you servant and can obey only Lucifer. He adds that he came because he both hang'd the next sessions. Thus having triumphed over heard Faustus deny obedience to God and hoped to capture his soul. you, I will set my countenance like a precision, and begin to Faustus quizzes Mephastophilis about Lucifer and hell and learns that speak thus: truly my dear brethren, my master is within Lucifer and all his devils were once angels who rebelled against God and at dinner with Valdes and Cornelius, as this wine if it could have been damned to hell forever. Faustus points out that Mephastophilis speak, it would inform your worships, and so the Lord is not in hell now but on earth; Mephastophilis insists, however, that he bless you, preserve you, and keep you my dear brethren, and his fellow demons are always in hell, even when they are on earth, my dear brethren. because being deprived of the presence of God, which they once enjoyed, Exit. is hell enough. Faustus dismisses this sentiment as a lack of fortitude on Mephastophilis’s part and then declares that he will offer his soul to 1.Scholar Lucifer in return for twenty-four years of Mephastophilis’s service. Nay,then, I fear he has fallen into that damned art, for Mephastophilis agrees to take this offer to his master and departs. Left which they two are infamous through the world. alone, Faustus remarks that if he had “as many souls as there be stars,” he would offer them all to hell in return for the kind of power that

7 Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe Mephastophilis offers him (3.102). He eagerly awaits Mephastophilis’s I charge thee to return and change thy shape; return. Thou art too ugly to attend on me, Go and return an old Franciscan Friar; That holy shape becomes a devil best. Exit Devil. SCENE III I see there's virtue in my heavenly words; Enter Faustus to conjure. Who would not be proficient in this art? Faustus How pliant is this Mephistophilis? Now that the gloomy shadow of the earth, Full of obedience and humility, Longing to view Orion's drizzling look, Such is the force of magic and my spells. Leaps from th'antarctic world unto the sky, Now Faustus, thou art conjurer laureate And dims the welkin with her pitchy breath: That canst command great Mephistophilis, Faustus, begin thine incantations, Quin regis Mephistophilis fratris imagine.5 And try if devils will obey thy hest, Seeing thou hast prayed and sacrificed to them. Enter Mephistophilis. Within this circle is Jehovah's name, Forward and backward, anagrammatis'd, The breviated names of holy Saints, Mephistophilis Figures of every adjunct to the heavens, Now, Faustus, what would'st thou have me do? And characters of signs and erring stars, By which the spirits are enforced to rise. Faustus Then fear not Faustus, but be resolute, I charge thee wait upon me whilst I live, And try the uttermost magic can perform. To do what ever Faustus shall command, Be it to make the Moon drop from her sphere, Sint mihi Dei Acherontis propitii! Valeat numen triplex Jehovae! Ignei, Or the Ocean to overwhelm the world. aeriI, aquatani spiritus, salvete! Orientis princeps Beelzebub, inferni ardentis monarcha & Demigorgon, propitiamus vos, ut appareat & Mephistophilis surgat Mephistophilis. Quid tu moraris? Per Jehovam, Gehennam, & I am a servant to great Lucifer, consecratam aquam quam nunc spargo, signumque crusis quod nunc And may not follow thee without his leave, facio, & per vota nostra, ipse nunc surgat nobis dicatus Mephistophilis!4 No more than he commands must we perform.

Enter (Mephistophilis) a Devil. Faustus Did not he charge thee to appear to me?

Mephistophilis 4 “Be propitious to me, gods of Acheron! May the triple deity of Jehovah prevail! No, I came now hither of mine own accord. Spirits of fire, air, water, hail! Belzebub, prince of the East, monarch of burning hell, and Demogorgon, we propitiate ye, that Mephistophilis may appear and rise.Why dost thou delay? By Jehovah, Gehenna, and the holly water which now I sprinkle, and the sign of the cross which now I make, and by our prayer, may Mephistophilis now summoned by us arise!” 5 “For indeed thou hast power in the image of thy brother Mephistophilis.” 8 Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe Faustus Faustus Did not my conjuring speeches raise thee? Speak. How comes it then that he is Prince of devils?

Mephistophilis Mephistophilis That was the cause, but yet per accident, O, by aspiring pride and insolence, For when we hear one rack the name of God, For which God threw him from the face of heaven. Abjure the scriptures, and his Savior Christ, We fly, in hope to get his glorious soul; Faustus Nor will we come unless he use such means And what are you that live with Lucifer? Whereby he is in danger to be damned: Therefore the shortest cut for conjuring Mephistophilis Is stoutly to abjure the Trinity, Unhappy spirits that fell with Lucifer, And pray devoutly to the Prince of Hell. Conspired against our God with Lucifer,

Faustus So Faustus hath already done, & holds this principle: And are for ever damned with Lucifer.

There is no chief but only Beelzebub, Faustus To whom Faustus doth dedicate himself. Where are you damned? This word damnation terrifies not him, For he confounds hell in Elysium6; Mephistophilis His ghost be with the old philosophers. In hell. But, leaving these vain trifles of men's souls, Tell me what is that Lucifer thy Lord? Faustus How comes it then that thou art out of hell? Mephistophilis Arch-regent and commander of all spirits. Mephistophilis Why this is hell, nor am I out of it. Faustus Thinkst thou that I who saw the face of God, Was not that Lucifer an Angel once? And tasted the eternal joys of heaven, Am not tormented with ten thousand hells, Mephistophilis In being deprived of everlasting bliss? Yes, Faustus, and most dearly lov'd of God. O Faustus, leave these frivolous demands, Which strike a terror to my fainting soul.

Faustus What, is great Mephistophilis so passionate, For being deprived of the joys of heaven?

6 Heaven and hell are indifferent to him. 9 Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe Learn thou of Faustus manly fortitude, Summary: Scene 4 And scorn those joys thou never shall possess. Wagner converses with a clown and tries to persuade him to become his Go bear those tidings to great Lucifer: servant for seven years. The clown is poor, and Wagner jokes that he Seeing Faustus hath incurred eternal death, would probably sell his soul to the devil for a shoulder of mutton; the By desperate thoughts against Jove's deity, clown answers that it would have to be well-seasoned mutton. After first Say, he surrenders up to him his soul, agreeing to be Wagner’s servant, however, the clown abruptly changes So he will spare him four and twenty years, his mind. Wagner threatens to cast a spell on him, and he then conjures Letting him live in all voluptuousness, up two devils, who he says will carry the clown away to hell unless he Having thee ever to attend on me, becomes Wagner’s servant. Seeing the devils, the clown becomes terrified To give me whatsoever I shall ask, and agrees to Wagner’s demands. After Wagner dismisses the devils, the To tell me whatsoever I demand, clown asks his new master if he can learn to conjure as well, and Wagner To slay mine enemies, and aide my friends, promises to teach him how to turn himself into any kind of animal—but And always be obedient to my will.Go and return to mighty Lucifer, and he insists on being called “Master Wagner.” meet me in my study at midnight, And then resolve me of thy master's mind.

SCENE IV Mephistophilis I will, Faustus. Enter Wagner and the Clown. Exit. Wagner Sirrah, boy, come hither. Faustus Had I as many souls as there be stars, Clown I'd give them all for Mephistophilis. How, boy? Swowns boy! I hope you have seen ma- By him I'll be great Emperor of the world, ny boys with such pickadevaunts as I have. Boy, quotha? And make a bridge through the moving air, To pass the Ocean with a band of men; Wagner I'll join the hills that bind the Afric shore, Tell me, sirrah, hast thou any comings in? And make that land continent to Spain, And both contributory to my crown. Clown The Emperor shall not live but by my leave, Ay, and goings out too, you may see else. Nor any Potentate of Germany. Now that I have obtained what I desire, Wagner I'll live in speculation of this art, Alas poor slave. See how poverty jesteth in his na- 'Til Mephistophilis return again. Exit. kedness. The villain is bare, and out of service, and so hun- gry, that I know he would glue his soul to the Devil for a shoulder of mutton, though it were blood raw.

10 Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe Clown with my flesh, as if they had paid for my meat and drink. How, my soul to the devil for a shoulder of mut- ton though 'twere blood raw? Not so, good friend. By'r Lady, I Wagner had need have it well roasted, and good sauce to it, if I pay so Well, do you hear sirrah? Hold, take these guilders. dear.

Clown Gridirons! what be they? Wagner Well, wilt thou serve me, and I'll make thee go like Wagner Qui mihi discipulus? Why, french crowns.

Clown Clown How, in verse? Mass, but for the name of french crowns, a man were as good have as many English counters, and what Wagner should I do with these? No, sirrah, in beaten silk and stavesacre. Wagner Clown Why, now, sirrah, thou art at an hour's warning, How, how, Knaves acre? Ay, I thought that was all whensoever or wheresoever the devil shall fetch thee. the land his father left him. Do ye hear? I would be sorry to rob you of your living. Clown No, no. Here, take your gridirons again. Wagner Sirrah, I say in stavesacre. Wagner Truly I'll none of them. Clown Oho! Oho! Staves acre! Why, then, belike, if I were Clown your man, I should be full of vermin. Truly but you shall.

Wagner Wagner So thou shalt, whether thou beest with me, or no. Bear witness I gave them him. But sirrah, leave your jesting, and bind your self presently unto me for seven years, or I'll turn all the lice about thee Clown into familiars, and they shall tear thee in pieces. Bear witness I give them you again.

Clown Wagner Do you hear sir? You may save that labour; they Well, I will cause two devils presently to fetch are too familiar with me already. Swowns! they are as bold thee away Baliol and Belcher.

11 Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe Clown Wagner Let your Baliol and your Belcher come here, and I'll Well, sirrah, come.

knock them, they were never so knocked since they were de- Clown vils. Say I should kill one of them, what would folks say? Do But, do you hear, Wagner? ye see yonder tall fellow in the round slop, he has killed the de- vil, So I should be called Kill-devil all the parish over.ouer. Wagner Enter two Devils, and the Clown runs up How! Baliol and Belcher. and down crying. Clown Wagner O Lord, I pray sir, let Banio and Belcher go sleep. Baliol and Belcher, spirits away! Wagner Clown Villain, call me Master Wagner, and let thy left What, are they gone? A vengeance on them; they eye be diametrically fixed upon my right heel, with quasi vesti- have vile long nails. There was a he-devil and a she-de- shee di- gias nostras insistere7. Exit. vil. I'll tell you how you shall know them: all he-devils has has horns, and all she-devils has clefts and cloven feet. Clown God forgive me, he speaks Dutch fustian. Well, Wagner I'll follow him, I'll serve him, that's flat. Exit. Well, sirrah, follow me. Summary: Scene 5 Clown Faustus begins to waver in his conviction to sell his soul. The good angel But do you hear? If I should serve you, would you tells him to abandon his plan and “think of heaven, and heavenly things,” teach me to raise up Banios and Belcheos? but he dismisses the good angel’s words, saying that God does not love him (5.20). The good and evil angels make another appearance, with the Wagner good one again urging Faustus to think of heaven, but the evil angel I will teach thee to turn thy self to anything, to convinces him that the wealth he can gain through his deal with the devil a dog, or a cat, or a mouse, or a rat, or any thing. is worth the cost. Faustus then calls back Mephastophilis, who tells him that Lucifer has accepted his offer of his soul in exchange for twenty-four Clown years of service. Faustus asks Mephastophilis why Lucifer wants his soul, How! A Christian fellow to a dog or a cat, a and Mephastophilis tells him that Lucifer seeks to enlarge his kingdom mouse or a rat? No, no sir, if you turn me into any thing, and make humans suffer even as he suffers. Faustus decides to make the bargain, and he stabs his arm in order to let it be in the likeness of a little pretty frisking flea, that I write the deed in blood. However, when he tries to write the deed his may be here and there and every where. O, I'll tickle the pre- blood congeals, making writing impossible. Mephastophilis goes to fetch tie wenches plackets; I'll be amongst them, i'faith. fire in order to loosen the blood, and, while he is gone, Faustus endures

7 “As if to tread on my tracks.” 12 Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe another bout of indecision, as he wonders if his own blood is attempting Good Angel to warn him not to sell his soul. When Mephastophilis returns, Faustus Sweet Faustus, leave that execrable art. signs the deed and then discovers an inscription on his arm that reads “Homo fuge,” Latin for “O man, fly” (5.77). While Faustus wonders Faustus where he should fly Mephastophilis presents a group of devils, who cover Contrition, prayer, repentance: what of them? Faustus with crowns and rich garments. Faustus puts aside his doubts. He hands over the deed, which promises his body and soul to Lucifer in Good Angel exchange for twenty-four years of constant service from Mephastophilis. O, they are means to bring thee unto heaven. After he turns in the deed, Faustus asks his new servant where hell is located, and Mephastophilis says that it has no exact location but exists Evil Angel everywhere. He continues explaining, saying that hell is everywhere that Rather illusions, fruits of lunacy, the damned are cut off from God eternally. Faustus remarks that he That makes men foolish that do trust them most. thinks hell is a myth. At Faustus’s request for a wife, Mephastophilis offers Faustus a she-devil, but Faustus refuses. Mephastophilis then gives Good Angel him a book of magic spells and tells him to read it carefully. Sweet Faustus ,think of heaven, and heavenly things.

Evil Angel No, Faustus, think of honor and wealth. SCENE V Enter Faustus in his Study. Faustus Of wealth, Exeunt Angels Faustus Now, Faustus, must thou needs be damned, Why the signiory of Emden shall be mine. And canst thou not be saved? When Mephistophilis shall stand by me, What boots it then to think of God or heaven? What God can hurt thee Faustus? Thou art safe; Away with such vain fancies and despair: Cast no more doubts. Come, Mephistophilis, Despair in God, and trust in Beelzebub. And bring glad tidings from great Lucifer. Now go not backward: no, Faustus, be resolute. Is't not midnight? Come Mephistophilis, Why waverest thou? O, something soundeth in mine ears: Abjure this magic, turn to God again. Veni, veni, Mephastophile! Enter Mephistophilis. Now tell, what says Lucifer thy Lord? Ay, and Faustus will turn to God again. To God? He loves thee not. Mephistophilis The God thou serv'st is thine own appetite, That I shall wait on Faustus whilst I live, Wherein is fixed the love of Beelzebub; So he will buy my service with his soul. To him I'll build an altar and a church, And offer luke warm blood of new borne babes. Faustus Already Faustus hath hazarded that for thee. Enter Good Angel, and Evil Angel.

13 Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe Mephistophilis Faustus But Faustus, thou must bequeath it solemnly, Lo, Mephistophilis, for love of thee, And write a deed of gift with thine own blood, I cut mine arm, and with my proper blood For that security craves great Lucifer. Assure my soul to be great Lucifer's, If thou deny it, I will back to fuel. Chief Lord and regent of perpetual night, View here the blood that trickles from mine arm, Faustus And let it be propitious for my wish. Stay, Mephistophilis, and tell me, what good will my soul do thy Lord? Mephistophilis Mephistophilis But, Faustus, thou must write it in manner of a deed of gift. Enlarge his kingdom. Faustus Faustus Ay, so I will, but Mephistophilis my blood congeals Is that the reason he tempts us thus? and I can write no more.

Mephistophilis Mephistophilis Solamen miseris socios habuisse doloris8. I'll fetch thee fire to dissolve it straight. Exit.

Faustus Faustus Have you any pain that tortures others? What might the staying of my blood portend? Is it unwilling I should write this bill? Mephistophilis Why streams it not, that I may write afresh: As great as have the human souls of men. Faustus gives to thee his soul. Ah, there it stayed, But tell me Faustus, shall I have thy soul, Why shouldst thou not? Is not thy soul thine own? And I will be thy slave, and wait on thee, Then write again: Faustus gives to thee his soul. And give thee more than thou hast wit to ask. Enter Mephistophilis with a chafer of coals. Faustus Mephistophilis Ay, Mephistophilis, I give it thee. Here's fire. Come, Faustus, set it on.

Faustus Mephistophilis So now the blood begins to clear again; Then , Faustus, stab thine arm courageously, Now will I make an end immediately. And bind thy soul, that at some certain day Great Lucifer may claim it as his own, Mephistophilis And then be thou as great as Lucifer. O, what will not I do to obtain his soul?

8 “Misery loves company.” 14 Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe Faustus Consummatum est9: this bill is ended, Mephistophilis And Faustus hath bequeathed his soul to Lucifer. Faustus, I swear by hell and Lucifer But what is this inscription on mine arm? To effect all promises between us made. Homo fuge!10 Whither should I fly? If unto God, he'll throw me down to hell. Faustus My senses are deceived; here's nothing writ: Then hear me read them: On these conditions following. I see it plain, here in this place is writ, First, that Faustus may be a spirit in form and substance. Homo fuge! Yet shall not Faustus fly. Secondly, that Mephistophilis shall be his servant, and at his command. Mephistophilis Thirdly, that Mephistophilis shall do for him, and bring I'll fetch him somewhat to delight his mind. him whatsoever. Exit. Fourthly, that he shall be in his chamber or house in-visible. Lastly, that he shall appear to the said John Faustus at all Enter Mephistophilis with devils, giving crowns and rich apparel to times, in what form or shape soever he please. Faustus, and dance, and then depart. John Faustus of Wertenberg, Doctor, by these presents, do give both body and soul to Lucifer prince of the East, and his

Faustus minister Mephistophilis, and furthermore grant unto them Speak, Mephistophilis, what means this show? that 24. years being expired,the the articles above written in- violate, full power to fetch or carry the said John Faustus body Mephistophilis and soul, flesh, blood, or goods, into their habitation where- Nothing, Faustus, but to delight thy mind withal, soever. And to show thee what magic can perform. By me John Faustus.'

Faustus Mephistophilis But may I raise up spirits when I please? Speak, Faustus, do you deliver this as your deed?

Mephistophilis Faustus Ay, Faustus, and do greater things then these. Ay, take it, and the devil give thee good on't.

Faustus Mephistophilis Then there's enough for a thousand souls. Now, Faustus, ask what thou wilt. Here, Mephistophilis, receive this scroll, A deed of gift of body and of soul; Faustus But yet conditionally, that thou perform First will I question with thee about hell; Tell me, where is the place that men call hell? All articles prescribed between us both. 9 “It is finished.” 10 “Man, fly!” Mephistophilis 15 Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe Under the heavens. Faustus Faustus How! Now in hell? Nay and this be hell, I'll will- Ay, but whereabout? lingly be damned here; what? walking, disputing, &c.? But leaving off this, let me have a wife, the fairest maid in Ger- Mephistophilis many, for I am wanton and lascivious, and cannot live liue Within the bowels of these elements, without a wife. Where we are tortured and remain for ever, Hell hath no limits, nor is circumscribed Mephistophilis In one self place; for where we are is hell, How, a wife? I prithee, Faustus, talk not of a wife. And where hell is, theremust we ever be: And to conclude, when all the world dissolves, And every creature shall be purified, All places shall be hell that is not heaven. Faustus Nay, sweet Mephistophilis, fetch me one, for I will have one. Faustus Come, I think hell's a fable. Mephistophilis Well, thou wilt have one. Sit there 'til I come; I'll Mephistophilis fetch thee a wife in the devil's name. Ay, think so still, 'til experience change thy mind. Enter Mephistophilis with a devil dressed like a woman, with fire works. Faustus Why? Think'st thou then that Faustus shall bee Mephistophilis damned? Tell, Faustus, how dost thou like thy wife?

Faustus Mephistophilis A plague on her for a hot whore! Ay, of necessity, for here's the scroll, Wherein thou hast given thy soul to Lucifer. Mephistophilis Tut, Faustus, marriage is but a ceremonial toy; if Faustus thou lovest me, think more of it. Ay, and body too, but what of that? I'll cull thee out the fairest courtesans, Think'st thou that Faustus is so fond, And bring them every morning to thy bed. To imagine, that after this life there is any pain? She whom thine eye shall like, thy heart shall have; Tush; these are trifles and mere old wives tales. Be she as chaste as was Penelope, As wise as Saba, or as beautiful Mephistophilis As was bright Lucifer before his fall. But, Faustus, I am an instance to prove the contrary Hold, take this book, peruse it thoroughly:

For I am damned, and am now in hell. The iterating of these lines brings gold; 16 Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe The framing of this circle on the ground, Faustus once again wavers and leans toward repentance as he Brings whirlwinds, tempests, thunder and lightning. contemplates the wonders of heaven from which he has cut himself off. Pronounce this thrice devoutly to thyself, The good and evil angels appear again, and Faustus realizes that “[m]y And men in armor shall appear to thee, heart’s so hardened I cannot repent!” (5.196). He then begins to ask Ready to execute what thou desir'st. Mephastophilis questions about the planets and the heavens. Mephastophilis answers all his queries willingly, until Faustus asks who Faustus made the world. Mephastophilis refuses to reply because the answer is Thanks, Mephistophilis, yet fain would I have “against our kingdom”; when Faustus presses him, Mephastophilis a book wherein I might behold all spells and incantations, departs angrily (5.247). Faustus then turns his mind to God, and again he wonders if it is too late for him to repent. The good and evil angels enter that I might raise up spirits when I please. once more, and the good angel says it is never too late for Faustus to repent. Faustus begins to appeal to Christ for mercy, but then Lucifer, Mephistophilis Belzebub (another devil), and Mephastophilis enter. They tell Faustus to Here they are in this book. There turns to them. stop thinking of God and then present a show of the Seven Deadly Sins. Each sin—Pride, Covetousness, Envy, Wrath, Gluttony, Sloth, and finally Faustus Lechery—appears before Faustus and makes a brief speech. The sight of Now would I have a book where I might see all the sins delights Faustus’s soul, and he asks to see hell. Lucifer promises characters and planets of the heavens, that I might know to take him there that night. For the meantime he gives Faustus a book their motions and dispositions. that teaches him how to change his shape.

Mephistophilis Here they are too. Turns to them Faustus When I behold the heavens, then I repent Faustus And curse thee wicked Mephistophilis, Nay, let me have one book more, and then I have Because thou hast deprived me of those joys. done, wherein I might see all plants, herbs and trees that grow upon the earth. Mephistophilis Why, Faustus, Mephistophilis Thinkst thou heaven is such a glorious thing? Here they be. I tell thee tis not half so faire as thou, Or any man that breathes on earth. Faustus O, thou art deceived. Faustus How provest thou that? Mephistophilis Tut, I warrant thee. Turns to them. Exeunt. Mephistophilis It was made for man; therefore is man more excellent.

Summary: Scene 6 Faustus 17 Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe If it were made for man, 'twas made for me. Are all celestial bodies but one globe, I will renounce this magic, and repent. As is the substance of this centric earth?

Enter Good Angel, and Evil Angel. Mephistophilis As are the elements, such are the spheres, Good Angel Mutually folded in each other's orb, Faustus, repent; Yet, God will pity thee. And, Faustus, all jointly move upon one axletree, Whose terminine is termed the world's wide pole, Evil Angel Nor are the names of Saturn, Mars, or Jupiter Thou art a spirit; God cannot ptty thee Fained, but are erring stars.

Faustus Faustus Who buzzeth in mine ears I am a spirit? But tell me, have they all one motion? Both situ & Be I a devil, yet God may pity me; tempore?11 Ay, God will pity me, if I repent. Mephistophilis Evil Angel All jointly move from East to West in four. and twenty hours Ay, but Faustus never shall repent. Exeunt. upon the poles of the world, but differ in their motion upon the poles of the zodiac. Faustus My heart's so hardened I cannot repent. Faustus Scarce can I name salvation, faith, or heaven, Tush, these slender trifles Wagner can decide; But fearful echoes thunder in mine ears, Hath Mephistophilis no greater skill? Faustus, thou art damned. Then swords and knives, Who knows not the double motion of the planets? Poison, guns, halters, and envenomed steel The first is finished in a natural day; Are laid before me to dispatch my self, The second thus: as Saturn in thirty. years; Jupiter in twelve; And long ere this I should have slain my self, Mars in four; the Sun, Venus, and Mercury in a year: the Had not sweet pleasure conquered deep despair. Moon in twenty. eight. days. Tush, these are freshmen's suppositions, Have not I made blind Homer sing to me, but tell me, hath every sphere a dominion or intelligentia? Of Alexander's love, and Oenon's death, And hath not he that built the walls of Thebes, Mephistophilis With ravishing sound of his melodious harp, Ay. Made music with my Mephistophilis? Why should I die then, or basely despair? Faustus I am resolved: Faustus shall never repent, How many heavens or spheres are there? Come, Mephistophilis, let us dispute again, And argue of divine astrology, Mephistophilis

Tell me, are there many heavens above the Moon? 11 “In direction and in time?” 18 Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe Nine, the seven planets, the firmament, and the im- Ay, go accursed spirit to ugly hell, perial heaven. 'Tis thou hast damned distressed Faustus' soul. Is't not too late?

Faustus Enter Good Angel and Evil Angel. Well, resolve me in this question: Why have we Evil Angel not conjunctions, oppositions, aspects, eclipses, all at one Too late. time, but in some years we have more, in some less? Good Angel Mephistophilis Never too late, if Faustus can repent. Per inaequalem motum respectu totius.12 Evil Angel Faustus If thou repent, devils shall tear thee in pieces. Well, I am answered. Tell me who made the world? Good Angel Mephistophilis Repent, and they shall never raze thy skin. Exeunt Angels I will not. Faustus Faustus Ah, Christ my Savior, seek to save distressed Faustus's soul. Sweet Mephistophilis, tell me. Enter Lucifer, Beelzebub, and Mephistophilis. Mephistophilis Lucifer Move me not, for I will not tell thee. Christ cannot save thy soul, for he is just; There's none but I have interest in the same. Faustus Villain, have I not bound thee to tell me any thing? Faustus O, who art thou that look'st so terrible? Mephistophilis I, that is not against our kingdom, but this is. Lucifer Think thou on hell, Faustus, for thou art damned. I am Lucifer, and this is my companion prince in hell.

Faustus Faustus Think Faustus upon God that made the world. O,Faustus! They are come to fetch away thy soul.

Lucifer Mephistophilis We come to tell thee thou dost injure us; Remember this. Exit. Thou talkst of Christ, contrary to thy promise. Thou shouldst not think of God: think of the devil, Faustus And of his dame too.

12 “On account of their unequal motion in relation to the whole.” Faustus 19 Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe Nor will I henceforth: pardon me in this, I am Covetousness, begotten of an old churl, in And Faustus vows never to look to heaven, an old leather bag, and might I have my wish, I would Never to name God, or to pray to him, desire, that this house, and all the people in it were turned to To burn his scriptures, slay his Ministers, gold, that I might lock you up in my good chest. O, my And make my spirits pull his churches down. sweet gold!

Lucifer Faustus Do so, and we will highly gratify thee. What art thou, the third ? Faustus, we are come from hell to show thee some pastime. Sit down, and thou shalt see all the Seven Deadly Sins ap- Wrath pear in their proper shapes. I am Wrath. I had neither father nor mother. I leapt out of a lion's mouth, when I was scarce half an hour Faustus old, and ever since I have run up and down the world, That sight will be as pleasing unto me, as paradise with this case of rapiers wounding my self, when I had no was to Adam, the first day of his creation. body to fight withal. I was borne in hell, and look to it, for some of you shall be my father. Lucifer Talk not of paradise, nor creation, but mark this Faustus show; talk of the devil, and nothing else. Come away. What art thou, the fourth? Enter The Seven Deadly Sins. Now Faustus, examine them of their several names and Envy dispositions. I am Envy begotten of a Chimney-sweeper, and an Oyster wife. I cannot read, and therefore wish all books Faustus were burnt. I am lean with seeing others eat. O, that What art thou, the first?? there would come a famine through all the world, that all Pride might die, and I live alone; then thou should'st see how fat I I am Pride. I disdain to have any parents. I am would be. But must thou sit and I stand? Come down with like to Ovid's flea. I can creep into every corner of a wench, a vengeance. sometimes like a periwig; I, sit upon her brow, or, like a fan fan of feathers, I kiss her lips. Indeed I do, what do I not? Faustus But fie, what a scent is here? I'll not speak another word,worde, Away envious rascal. What art thou, the fifth? except the ground were perfumed and covered with cloth of arras. Gluttony Faustus Who, I, sir? I am Gluttony. My parents are all dead, What art thou, the second? and the devil a penny they have left me, but a bare pension, and that is thirty. meals a day, and ten bevers, a small trifle to suffice nature. O, I come of a royal parentage! My

Covetousness grandfather was a gammon of bacon, my grandmother a 20 Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe hogs head of Claret-wine.My My godfathers were, these: Pe- Tut, Faustus, in hell is all manner of delight. ter Pickle-herring, and Martin, Martlemas-beef. O, but my godmother, she was a jolly gentlewoman,and and welbelo- Faustus ved in every good town and City; her name was mistress O, might I see hell, and return again, how happy were I then. Margery March-beer. Now, Faustus, thou hast heard all my progeny, wilt thou bid me to supper? Lucifer Thou shalt; I will send for thee at midnight. In mean Faustus time take this book, peruse it thoroughly, and thou shalt turn No, I'll see thee hanged; thou wilt eat up all my victuals. thyself into what shape thou wilt.

Gluttony Faustus Then the devil choke thee. Great thanks, mighty Lucifer. This will I keep as chary as my life. Faustus Choke thyself, glutton! What art thou, the sixth? Lucifer Farewell, Faustus, and think on the devil. Sloth I am sloth. I was begotten on a sunny bank, Faustus where I have lain ever since, and you have done me great Farewell, great Lucifer. Come Mephistophilis. injury to bring me from thence. Let me be carried thither a- Exeunt omnes. gain by Gluttony and Lechery. I'll not speak another other word for a king's ransom. Summary: Chorus 2 Wagner takes the stage and describes how Faustus traveled through the Faustus heavens on a chariot pulled by dragons in order to learn the secrets of What are you Mistress Minks, the seventh and last? astronomy. Wagner tells us that Faustus is now traveling to measure the coasts and kingdoms of the world and that his travels will take him to Lechery Rome. Who, I, sir? I am one that loves an inch of raw Mutton better then an ell of fried, stock-fish, and the first Enter Wagner solus. letter of my name begins with lechery. Wagner Away, to hell, to hell. Exeunt the Sins. Learned Faustus, To know the secrets of astronomy, Lucifer Graven in the book of Jove's high firmament, Now, Faustus, how dost thou like this? Did mount himself to scale Olympus top, Being seated in a chariot burning bright, Faustus Drawn by the strength of yoky dragons' necks. O, this feeds my soul. He now is gone to prove cosmography, And, as I guess, will first arrive at Rome,

Lucifer To see the Pope, and manner of his court, 21 Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe And take some part of holy Peter's feast, SCENE VII That to this day is highly solemnized. Exit Wagner Enter Faustus and Mephistophilis. Faustus Summary: Scene 7 Having now, my good Mephistophilis, Faustus appears, recounting to Mephastophilis his travels throughout Past with delight the stately town of Trier, Europe—first from Germany to France and then on to Italy. He asks Environed round with airy mountain tops, Mephastophilis if they have arrived in Rome, whose monuments he With walls of flint, and deep entrenched lakes, greatly desires to see, and Mephastophilis replies that they are in the Not to be won by any conquering prince, pope’s privy chamber. It is a day of feasting in Rome, to celebrate the From Paris next coasting the realm of France, pope’s victories, and Faustus and Mephastophilis agree to use their We saw the river Maine fall into Rhine, powers to play tricks on the pope. Whose banks are set with groves of fruitful vines. Note: The events described in the next two paragraphs occur only in the Then up to Naples, rich Campania, B text of Doctor Faustus, in Act III, scene i. The A text omits the events described in the next two paragraphs but resumes with the events Whose buildings faire and gorgeous to the eye, described immediately after them. As Faustus and Mephastophilis watch, the pope comes in with his The streets straight forth, and paved with finest brick, attendants and a prisoner, Bruno, who had attempted to become Quarter the town in four equivalents. There saw we learned Maro's golden tomb, pope with the backing of the German emperor. While the pope declares The way he cut an English mile in length, that he will depose the emperor and forces Bruno to swear allegiance to Thorough a rock of stone in one night's space. him, Faustus and Mephastophilis disguise themselves as cardinals and From thence to Venice, Padua, and the rest, come before the pope. The pope gives Bruno to them, telling them to In midst of which a sumptuous temple stands, carry him off to prison; instead, they give him a fast horse and send him That threats the stars with her aspiring top. back to Germany. Thus hitherto hath Faustus spent his time, Later, the pope confronts the two cardinals whom Faustus and But tell me now, what resting place is this? Mephastophilis have impersonated. When the cardinals say that they Hast thou as erst I did command, never were given custody of Bruno, the pope sends them to the dungeon. Conducted me within the walls of Rome? Faustus and Mephastophilis, both invisible, watch the proceedings and chuckle. The pope and his attendants then sit down to dinner. During the Mephistophilis meal, Faustus and Mephastophilis make themselves invisible and curse Faustus, I have, and because we will not be unpro- noisily and then snatch dishes and food as they are passed around the vided, I have taken up his Holiness' privy-chamber for for table. The churchmen suspect that there is some ghost in the room, and our use. the pope begins to cross himself, much to the dismay of Faustus and Mephastophilis. Faustus boxes the pope’s ear, and the pope and all his Faustus attendants run away. A group of friars enters, and they sing a dirge I hope his Holiness will bid us welcome. damning the unknown spirit that has disrupted the meal. Mephastophilis and Faustus beat the friars, fling fireworks among them, and flee.

Mephistophilis 22 Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe Tut, 'tis no matter man, we'll be bold with his good cheer. And now, my Faustus, that thou may'st perceive Sound a sennet. Enter the Pope and the Cardinal of Lorrain What Rome containeth to delight thee with, to the banquet, with Friars attending. Know that this city stands upon seven hills Pope That underprop the groundwork of the same. My Lord of Lorraine, wilt please you draw near. Over the which four stately bridges lean, That makes safe passage to each part of Rome. Faustus Upon the bridge called Ponto Angelo, Fall to, and the devil choke you an you spare. Erected is a castle passing strong, Within whose walls such store of ordinance are, And double canons, framed of carved brass, As match the days within one complete year, Pope How now! Who's that which spoke? Friars, look Besides the gates and high pyramids, about. Which Julius Caesar brought from Africa. Friar Faustus Here's nobody if it like your Holiness. Now by the kingdoms of infernal rule, Of Styx, Acheron, and the fiery lake Pope Of ever-burning Phlegiton I swear, My Lord, here is a dainty dish was sent me from That I do long to see the monuments the Bishop of Milan. And situation of bright splendant Rome. Come therefore, let's away. Faustus I thank you sir. Snatches it. Mephistophilis Nay, Faustus, stay; I know you'd fain see the Pope, Pope. And take some part of holy Peter's feast, How now! Who's that which snatched the meat Where thou shalt see a troupe of bald-pate friars, from me? Will no man look? Whose summum bonum is in belly-cheer. My Lord, this dish was sent me from the Cardinal of Florence.

Faustus Faustus Well, I am content, to compass then some sport, You say true; I'll ha't. And by their folly make us merriment. Then charm me that I may be invisible, to do what I Pope. please unseen of any whilst I stay in Rome. What again? My Lord, I'll drink to your grace.

Mephistophilis Faustus So, Faustus, now do what thou wilt, thou shalt not I'll pledge your grace.

be discerned. Cardinal of Lorrain 23 Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe My Lord, it may be some ghost newly crept out of from the table. Maledicat Dominus.13 purgatory, come to beg a pardon of your Holiness. Cursed be he that struck his Holiness a blow on the face. Maledicat Dominus. Pope Cursed be he that took Friar Sandelo a blow on the pate. It may be so. Friars, prepare a dirge to lay the fury Maledicat, Dominus. of this ghost. Once again, my lord, fall to. Cursed be he that disturbeth our holy Dirge. The Pope crosseth himself. Maledicat, Dominus. Faustus Cursed be he that took away his Holiness' wine. What, are you crossing of your self? Maledicat Dominus. Well, use that trick no more, I would advise you. Et omnes sancti.14 Amen. The Pope crosses himself again. Faustus and Mephistophilis beat the Friars, and fling fireworks among Faustus them; and so exeunt. Well, there's the second time, aware the third, I give you faire warning. Enter Chorus. The Pope crosses himself again, and Faustus hits him a box of the ear; Chorus and they all run away. When Faustus had with pleasure ta'en the view Of rarest things, and royal courts of kings, Faustus He stayed his course, and so returned home, Come on, Mephistophilis, what shall we do? Where such as bear his absence, but with grief, I mean his friends and nearest companions, Mephistophilis Did gratulate his safety with kind words, Nay, I know not. We shall be cursed with bell, book, and candle. And in their conference of what befell, Touching his journey through the world and air, Faustus They put forth questions of astrology, How? bell, book, and candle, candle, book, and bell, Which Faustus answered with such learned skill, Forward and backward, to curse Faustus to hell. As they admired and wondered at his wit. Anon you shall hear a hog grunt, a calf bleat, and an Now is his fame spread forth in every land; ass bray, because it is Saint Peter's holy day. Amongst the rest the Emperor is one, Enter all the Friars to sing the Dirge. Carolus the fifth, at whose palace now Faustus is feasted 'mongst his noblemen. Friar. What there he did in trial of his art, Come, brethren, let's about our business with good devotion. I leave untold, your eyes shall see perform'd. They sing. Cursed be he that stole away his Holiness' meat

Summary: Scene 8 13 “May the Lord curse him.” 14 “And all the saints.” 24 Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe Meanwhile, Robin, a stablehand, has found one of Faustus’s conjuring books, and he is trying to learn the spells. He calls in an innkeeper named Robin Rafe, and the two go to a bar together, where Robin promises to conjure What book? Why, the most intolerable book for up any kind of wine that Rafe desires. conjuring that ere was invented by any brimstone devil.

Ralph Canst thou conjure with it? SCENE VIII Enter Robin the Ostler with a book in his hand. Robin I can do all these things easily with it: first, I can Robin make thee drunk with ipocras at any tavern in Europe O, this is admirable! Here I ha' stolen one of doctor for nothing; that's one of my conjuring works. Faustus' conjuring books, and i' faith I mean to search some circles for my own use. Now will I make all the maidens in Ralph our parish dance at my pleasure stark naked before me, and Our Master Parson says that's nothing. so by that means I shall see more then ere I felt, or saw yet. Robin Enter Ralph calling Robin True, Ralph, and more Ralph; if thou hast any mind Ralph to Nan Spit, our kitchen maid, then turn her and wind her Robin, prithee come away; there's a gentleman to thy own use, as often as thou wilt, and at midnight. tarries to have his horse, and he would have his things rubbed and made clean. He keeps such a chafing with my mistress Ralph about it, and she has sent me to look thee out. Prithee come away. O brave Robin, shall I have Nan Spit, and to mine own use? On that condition I'll feed thy devil with horse- Robin bread as long as he lives, of free cost. Keep out, keep out, or else you are blown up; you are dismembered Ralph, keep out, for I am about a roaring Robin piece of work. No more, sweet Ralph, let's go and make clean our boots, which lie foul upon our hands, and then to our Ralph conjuring in the devil's name. Exeunt. Come, what dost thou with that same book? Thou canst not read. Summary: Scene 9 Robin Robin the ostler, or stablehand, and his friend Rafe have stolen a cup Yes, my master and mistress shall find that I can from a tavern. They are pursued by a vintner (or wine-maker), read, he for his forehead, she for her private study; she's borne to bear with me, or else my art fails.

Ralph who demands that they return the cup. They claim not to have it, and then Why , Robin, what book is that? Robin conjures up Mephastophilis, which makes the vintner flee. 25 Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe Mephastophilis is not pleased to have been summoned for a prank, and he threatens to turn the two into an ape and a dog. The two friends treat Vintner what they have done as a joke, and Mephastophilis leaves in a fury, I must say somewhat to your fellow. You, sir. saying that he will go to join Faustus in Turkey. Ralph Me, sir. Me, sir. Search your fill. Now, sir, you may be ashamed to burden honest men with a matter of truth. SCENE IX Enter Robin and Ralph with a silver goblet. Vintner Well, tone of you hath this goblet about you. Robin Come, Ralph, did not I tell thee, we were for ever Robin made by this doctor Faustus' book? Ecce signum15, here's a sim- You lie, Drawer; 'tis afore me. Sirrah you, I'll teach ye ple purchase for horse-keepers: our horses shall eat no hay as to impeach honest: men; stand, by; I'll scour you for a goblet. long as this lasts. Enter the Vintner. Stand aside you had best, I charge you in the name of Beelze- bub. Aside to Ralph. Look to the goblet , Ralph. Ralph But Robin, here comes the vintner. Vintner What mean you, sirrah? Robin Hush, I'll gull him supernaturally. Drawer, I Robin hope all is paid; God be with you. Come, Ralph. I'll tell you what I mean. He readsfrom a book. Sanctobulorum Periphrasticon: : Nay, I'll tickle you , Vintner. Aside to Ralph. Lookto the goblet , Ralph.Polypragmos Belseborams Vintner framanto pa- Soft, sir, a word with you. I must yet have a gob- costiphos tostu, Mephistophilis, &c. let paid from you ere you go. Enter Mephistophilis, sets squibs at their backs [and then exit]; they run about. Robin I, a goblet, Ralph; I, a goblet? I scorn you, and you are but a &c. I, a goblet? Search me.

Vintner I mean so, sir, with your favor.

Robin How say you now? Vintner

15 “Behold the sign.” 26 Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe O nomine Domini16, what mean'st thou, Robin? Thou How, into an ape? That's brave. I'll have fine sport hast no goblet. with the boys. I'll get nuts and apples enough.

Ralph Ralph Peccatum peccatorum17. Here's thy goblet, good Vintner. And I must be a dog. Exeunt.

Robin Robin Misericordia pro nobis!18 What shall I do? Good devil, I'faith thy head will never be out of the pottage pot. forgive me now, and I'll never rob thy library more. Enter to them Mephistophilis. Summary: Scene 10 Note: The events described in the first two paragraphs of this summary Mephistophilis occur only in the B text of Doctor Faustus, in Act IV, scenes i–ii. The A Vanish villains, th'one like an ape, another like like text omits the events described in the first two paragraphs but resumes a bear, the third an ass, for doing this enterprise. with the events described immediately after them. Monarch of hell, under whose black survey At the court of the emperor, two gentlemen, Martino and Frederick, Great potentates do kneel with awful fear, discuss the imminent arrival of Bruno and Faustus. Martino remarks that Upon whose altars thousand souls do lie, Faustus has promised to conjure up Alexander the Great, the famous How am I vexed with these villains charms? conqueror. The two of them wake another gentleman, Benvolio, and tell From Constantinople am I hither come, him to come down and see the new arrivals, but Benvolio declares that he Only for pleasure of these damned slaves. would rather watch the action from his window, because he has a hangover. Robin Faustus comes before the emperor, who thanks him for having freed How, from Constantinople? You have had a great Bruno from the clutches of the pope. Faustus acknowledges the gratitude journey. Will you take six pence in your purse to pay for your and then says that he stands ready to fulfill any wish that the emperor supper, and be gone? might have. Benvolio, watching from above, remarks to himself that Faustus looks nothing like what he would expect a conjurer to look like. The emperor tells Faustus that he would like to see Alexander the Great and his lover. Faustus tells him that he cannot produce their actual Mephistophilis bodies but can create spirits resembling them. A knight present in the Well villains, for your presumption, I transform court (Benvolio in the B text) is skeptical, and asserts that it is as untrue thee into an ape, and thee into a dog, and so be gone. Exit. that Faustus can perform this feat as that the goddess Diana has transformed the knight into a stag. Before the eyes of the court, Faustus creates a vision of Alexander embracing his lover (in the B text, Alexander’s great rival, the Persian king Darius, also appears; Alexander defeats Darius and then, along with Robin his lover, salutes the emperor). Faustus conjures a pair of antlers onto the head of the knight (again, Benvolio in the B text). The knight pleads

16 for mercy, and the emperor entreats Faustus to remove the horns. “In the name of the Lord.” Faustus 17 “Sin of sins.” 18 “Mercy on us!” 27 Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe complies, warning Benvolio to have more respect for scholars in the future. my Empire, nor in the whole world can compare with thee, Note: The following scenes do not appear in the A text of Doctor Faustus. for the rare effects of magic; they say thou hast a familiar The summary below corresponds to Act IV, scenes iii–iv, in the B text. spirit, by whom thou canst accomplish what thou list. This, With his friends Martino and Frederick and a group of soldiers, Benvolio therefore, is my request, that thou let me see some proof of thy plots an attack against Faustus. His friends try to dissuade him, but he is skill, that mine eyes may be witnesses to confirm what mine so furious at the damage done to his reputation that he will not listen to ears have heard reported, and here I swear to thee, by the reason. They resolve to ambush Faustus as he leaves the court of the honor of mine imperial crown, that whatever thou doest,doest, emperor and to take the treasures that the emperor has given Faustus. thou shalt be no ways prejudiced or endamaged. Frederick goes out with the soldiers to scout and returns with word that Faustus is coming toward them and that he is alone. When Faustus Knight enters, Benvolio stabs him and cuts off his head. He and his friends Aside I'faith he looks much like a conjuror. rejoice, and they plan the further indignities that they will visit on Faustus’s corpse. But then Faustus rises with his head restored. Faustus Faustus tells them that they are fools, since his life belongs to Mephastophilis and My gracious sovereign, though I must confess cannot be taken by anyone else. He summons Mephastophilis, who myself far inferior to the report men have published, and, and arrives with a group of lesser devils, and orders the devils to carry his nothing answerable to the honor of your imperial majesty, attackers off to hell. Then, reconsidering, he orders them instead to yet for that love and duty binds me thereunto, I am con- punish Benvolio and his friends by dragging them through thorns and tent to do whatsoever your majesty shall command me. hurling them off of cliffs, so that the world will see what happens to people who attack Faustus. As the men and devils leave, the soldiers Emperor come in, and Faustus summons up another clutch of demons to drive Then, Doctor Faustus, mark what I shall say. As them off. I was sometime solitary set, within my closet, sundry Benvolio, Frederick, and Martino reappear. They are bruised and bloody from having been chased and harried by the devils, and all three of them now have horns sprouting from their heads. They greet one another thoughts arose, about the honour of mine ancestors, how unhappily, express horror at the fate that has befallen them, and agree to they had won by prowess such exploits, got such riches, conceal themselves in a castle rather than face the scorn of the world. subdued so many kingdoms, as we that do succeed, or they that shall hereafter possess our throne, shall (I fear me) ne- ver attain to that degree of high renown and great autho- rity, amongst which kings is Alexander the great, chief SCENE X spectacle of the world's preeminence, The bright shining of whose glorious acts Enter Emperor, Faustus, and a Knight, Lightens the world with his reflecting beams, with attendants. As when I hear but motion made of him, It grieves my soul I never saw the man. Emperor If, therefore, thou, by cunning of thine art, Master Doctor Faustus, I have heard strange re- Canst raise this man from hollow vaults below, port of thy knowledge in the blacke art, how that none in Where lies entombed this famous conquerour,

28 Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe

And bring with him his beauteous paramour, Knight Both in their right shapes, gesture, and attire Do you hear, Master Doctor? You bring Alexander and his paramour They used to wear during their time of life, before the Emperor? Thou shalt both satisfy my just desire, And give me cause to praise thee whilst I live. Faustus How then, sir? Faustus My gracious Lord, I am ready to accomplish your Knight request, so far forth as by art and power of my spirit I am I'faith that's as true as Diana turned me to a stage. able to perform. Faustus Knight No, sir, but when Acteon died, he left the horns for I'faith that's just nothing at all. you. Mephistophilis, be gone. Exit Mephistophilis. Aside. Knight Faustus Nay, an you go to conjuring, I'll be gone. But if it like your Grace, it is not in my ability to Exit Knight. present before your eyes, the true substantial bodies of those two deceased princes, which long since are consumed to dust. Faustus I'll meet with you anon for interrupting me so. Here they are my gracious Lord. Knight Enter Mephistophilis: with Alexander and his paramour. Ay, marry, Master Doctor, now there's a sign of grace in you, when you will confess the truth. Aside. Emperor Master Doctor, I heard this Lady while she lived Faustus had a wart or mole in her neck. How shall I know whether But such spirits as can lively resemble Alexander it be so or no? and his Paramour, shall appear before your Grace, in that manner that they best lived in, in their most flourishing estate, Faustus which I doubt not shall sufficiently content your imperial Your highness may boldly go and see. Exit Alexander. majesty. Emperor Emperor Sure these are no spirits, but the true substantial Go to, Master Doctor, let me see them presently. bodies of those two deceased princes.

Faustus Will't please your highness now to send for the knight that was so pleasant with me here of late?

29 Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe

Emperor Summary: Scene 11 One of you call him forth. Exit Attendant. Faustus, meanwhile, meets a horse-courser and sells him his horse. Faustus gives the horse-courser a good price but warns him not to ride Enter the Knight with a pair of horns on his head. the horse into the water. Faustus begins to reflect on the pending expiration of his contract with Lucifer and falls asleep. The horse-courser Emperor reappears, sopping wet, complaining that when he rode his horse into a How now, sir knight? Why I had thought thou stream it turned into a heap of straw. He decides to get his money back hadst been a bachelor, but now I see thou hast a wife, that and tries to wake Faustus by hollering in his ear. He then pulls on not only gives thee horns, but makes thee wear them, feel Faustus’s leg when Faustus will not wake. The leg breaks off, and on thy head. Faustus wakes up, screaming bloody murder. The horse-courser takes the Knight leg and runs off. Meanwhile, Faustus’s leg is immediately restored, and Thou damned wretch, and execrable dog, he laughs at the joke that he has played. Wagner then enters and tells Bred in the concave of some monstrous rock. Faustus that the Duke of Vanholt has summoned him. Faustus agrees to How darest thou thus abuse a gentleman? go, and they depart together. Villain, I say, undo what thou hast done. Note: The following scene does not appear in the A text of Doctor Faustus. The summary below corresponds to Act IV, scene vi, in the B Faustus text. O, not so fast sir; there's no haste; but, good, are you Robin and Rafe have stopped for a drink in a tavern. They listen as a remembered how you crossed me in my conference with the carter, or wagon-driver, and the horse-courser discuss Faustus. The Emperor? I think I have met with you for it. carter explains that Faustus stopped him on the road and asked to buy some hay to eat. The carter agreed to sell him all he could eat for three Emperor farthings, and Faustus proceeded to eat the entire wagonload of hay. The Good Master Doctor, at my entreaty release him; horse-courser tells his own story, adding that he took Faustus’s leg as he hath done penance sufficient. revenge and that he is keeping it at his home. Robin declares that he intends to seek out Faustus, but only after he has a few more drinks. Faustus My Gracious Lord, not so much for the injury he offered me here in your presence, as to delight you with some mirth, hath Faustus worthily requited this injurious knight, SCENE XI which being all I desire, I am content to release him of his Faustus horns: and, sir knight, hereafter speak well of scholars. Now, Mephistophilis, the restless course that time Mephistophilis, transform him stright. Mephistophilis removes the horns. doth run with calm and silent foot, Now my good Lord Shortening my days and thread of vital life, having done my duty, I humbly take my leave. Calls for the payment of my latest years. Therefore, sweet Mephistophilis, let us make haste to Wertenberg. Emperor Farewell, Master Doctor, yet ere you go, expect Mephistophilis from me a bounteous reward. Exit Emperor. What, will you go on horse back, or on foot?

30 Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe

Faustus Horse-courser Nay, 'til I am past this faire and pleasant green, I'll Well, sir, Now am I made man forever. I'll not walk on foot. Enter a Horse-courser. leave my horse for forty. Aside. If he had but the quality of hey- ding-ding, hey-ding-ding, I'd make a brave living on him; Horse-courser he has a buttock so slick as an eel. Well, God buy sir; your I have been all this day seeking one master Fu- boy will deliver him me. But hark ye, sir, if my horse be sick, or stian: mass, see where he is. God save you, Master Doctor. ill at ease, if I bring his water to you, you'll tell me what is? Exit Horse-courser Faustus What, horse-courser; you are well met. Faustus Away, you villain; what, dost think I am a horse- Horse-courser doctor? What art thou, Faustus, but a man condemned to die? Do you hear sir? I have brought you forty dol- Thy fatal time doth draw to final end; lars for your horse. Despair doth drive distrust unto my thoughts: Confound these passions with a quiet sleep. Faustus Tush, Christ did call the thief upon the cross, I cannot sell him so. If thou lik'st him for fifty, take Then rest thee, Faustus, quiet in conceit. Sleeps in his chair. him. Enter Horse-courser all wet, crying. Horse-courser Horse-courser Alas sir, I have no more; I pray you speak for me. Alas, alas! Doctor Fustian, quotha? Mass, Doctor Doctor Lopus was never such a Doctor. Has given me a purgation, Mephistophilis has purged me of forty dollars; I shall never see them more. I pray you let him have him; he is an honest fellow, But yet, like an ass as I was, I would not be ruled by him, and he has a great charge, neither wife nor child. for he bade me I should ride him into no water. Now, I, thin- king my horse had had some rare quality that he would not Faustus have had me known of, I, like a venturous youth, rid him in- Well, come give me your money. My boy will deli- to the deep pond at the town's end. I was no sooner in the ver him to you, but I must tell you one thing before you have middle of the pond, but my horse vanished away, and I sat up- him: ride him not into the water at any hand. on a bottle of hey, never so near drowning in my life. But I'll seek out my Doctor, and have my forty dollars again, Horse-courser or I'll make it the dearest horse. O, yonder is his snipper- Why sir, will he not drink of all waters? snapper, do you hear? You, hey, pass, where's your master?

Faustus Mephistophilis O yes, he will drink of all waters, but ride him not Why sir, what would you? You cannot speak with him. into the water: ride him over hedge or ditch, or where thou wilt, but not into the water. Horse-courser But I will speak with him. 31 Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe

Mephistophilis Horse-courser Why, he's fast asleep; come some other time. O Lord sir, let me go, and I'll give you forty dollars more.

Horse-courser Mephistophilis I'll speak with him now, or I'll break his glass- Where be they? windows about his ears. Horse-courser Mephistophilis I have none about me. Come to my ostry, and I'll I tell thee he has not slept this eight nights. give them you.

Horse-courser Mephistophilis And he have not slept this eight weeks I'll speak Be gone quickly. Horse-courser runs away. with him. Faustus Mephistophilis What, is he gone? Farewell he. Faustus has his leg See where he is fast asleep. again, and the Horse-courser I take it, a bottle of hey for his labour. Well, this trick shall cost him forty dollars more. Horse-courser Enter Wagner. Ay, this is he; God save ye Master Doctor, Master How now, Wagner; what's the news with thee? Doctor, Master Doctor Fustian, forty dollars, forty dollars for a bottle of hey. Wagner Sir, the Duke of Vanholt doth earnestly entreat Mephistophilis your company. Why, thou seest he hears thee not. Faustus Horse-courser The Duke of Vanholt! an honourable gentleman, So, ho, ho; so, ho, ho. Hollars in his ear. to whom I must be no niggard of my cunning. Come, Me- No, will you not wake? I'll make you wake ere I go. phistophilis, let's away to him. Exeunt. Pulls Faustushim by the leg, and pulls it away. Alas, I am undone! What shall I do?

Faustus Summary: Scene 12 O, my leg, my leg, help Mephistophilis, call the At the court of the Duke of Vanholt, Faustus’s skill at conjuring up officers, my leg, my leg. beautiful illusions wins the duke’s favor. Faustus comments that the duchess has not seemed to enjoy the show and asks her what she would like. She tells him she would like a dish of ripe grapes, and Faustus has Mephastophilis bring her some grapes. (In the B text of Doctor Faustus, Mephistophilis Robin, Dick, the carter, the horse-courser, and the hostess from the Come, villain, to the Constable. tavern burst in at this moment. They confront Faustus, and the horse- 32 Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe courser begins making jokes about what he assumes is Faustus’s wooden Duke leg. Faustus then shows them his leg, which is whole and healthy, and Believe me, Master Doctor, this makes me wonder they are amazed. Each then launches into a complaint about Faustus’s above the rest, that being in the dead time of winter, and in treatment of him, but Faustus uses magical charms to make them silent, the month of January, how you should come by these grapes. and they depart.) The duke and duchess are much pleased with Faustus’s display, and they promise to reward Faustus greatly. Faustus If it like your Grace, the year is divided into two circles over the whole world, that when it is here winter with us, in the contrary circle it is summer with them, as in SCENE XII India, Saba, and farther countries in the East; and by means Enter to them the Duke of Vanholt and the Duchess; of a swift spirit that I have, I had them brought hither, as ye the Duke speaks. see, how do you like them madam? Be they good?

Duke Duchess Believe me, Master Doctor, this merriment hath Believe me, Master Doctor, they be the best grapes much pleased me. that ever I tasted in my life before.

Faustus Faustus My gracious lord, I am glad it contents you so I am glad they content you so, madam. well. But it may be, madam, you take no delight in this; I have heard that great bellied women do long for some dain- Duke ties or other. What is it, madam? Tell me, and you shall have it. Come, madam, let us in, where you must well re- ward this learned man for the great kindness he hath showed Duchess to you. Thanks, good Master Doctor, And for I see your courteous intent to pleasure me, I will not Duchess hide from you the thing my heart desires, and were it now And so I will my Lord, and whilst I live, summer, as it is January, and the dead time of the winter, I rest beholding for this courtesy. would desire no better meat then a dish of ripe grapes. Faustus I humbly thank your Grace. Faustus Alas, madam, that's nothing. Mephistophilis, be Duke gone: Exit Mephistophilis. Were it a greater thing than this, so Come, Master Doctor, follow us, and receive your it would content you, you should have it. Enter Mephistophilis with the reward. Exeunt. grapes. Here they be, madam; wil't please you taste on them.

33 Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe

Summary: Scene 13 Enter Faustus, with two or three Scholars Wagner announces that Faustus must be about to die because he has 1. Scholar given Wagner all of his wealth. But he remains unsure, since Faustus is Master Doctor Faustas, since our conference a- not acting like a dying man—rather, he is out carousing with scholars. bout faire ladies, which was the beautiful'st in all the world, Faustus enters with some of the scholars. One of them asks Faustus if he we have determined with our selves, that Helen of Greece can produce Helen of Greece (also known as Helen of Troy), who they was the admirabl'st Lady that ever lived. Therefore, Master have decided was “the admirablest lady / that ever lived” (12.3–4). Doctor, if you will do us that favor, as to let us see that peer- Faustus agrees to produce her, and gives the order to Mephastophilis: less Dame of Greece, whom all the world admires for ma- immediately, Helen herself crosses the stage, to the delight of the jesty, we should think our selves much beholding unto you. scholars. The scholars leave, and an old man enters and tries to persuade Faustus Faustus to repent. Faustus becomes distraught, and Mephastophilis hands him a Gentlemen, for that I know your friendship is un- dagger. However, the old man persuades him to appeal to God for mercy, fained, and Faustus custom is not to deny the just requests saying, “I see an angel hovers o’er thy head / And with a vial full of of those that wish him well, you shall behold that peerless precious grace / Offers to pour the same into thy soul!” (12.44–46). Once dame of Greece, no otherwise for pomp and majesty, then the old man leaves, Mephastophilis threatens to shred Faustus to pieces if when sir Paris crossed the seas with her. and brought the spoils he does not reconfirm his vow to Lucifer. Faustus complies, sealing his to rich Dardania. Be silent then, for danger is in words. vow by once again stabbing his arm and inscribing it in blood. He asks Mephastophilis to punish the old man for trying to dissuade him from Music sounds, and Helen passeth over the stage. continuing in Lucifer’s service; Mephastophilis says that he cannot touch 2. Scholar the old man’s soul but that he will scourge his body. Faustus then asks Too simple is my wit to tell her praise, Mephastophilis to let him see Helen again. Helen enters, and Faustus makes a great speech about her beauty and kisses her. Whom all the world admires for majesty.

3. Scholar No marvel though the angry Greeks pursued SCENE XII With ten years war the rape of such a queen, Whose heavenly beauty passeth all compare. Enter Wagner, solus. Wagner 1. Scholar I think my master means to die shortly, Since we have seen the pride of nature's works, For he hath given to me all his goods, And only paragon of excellence, Enter an Old Man. And yet me thinks, if that death were near, He would not banquet, and carouse, and swill Let us depart, and for this glorious deed Amongst the students, as even now he doth, Happy and blest be Faustus evermore. Who are at supper with such belly-cheer, Faustus As Wagner never beheld in all his life. Gentlemen, Farewell, the same I wish to you. Exeunt Scholars. See where they come. Belike the feast is ended. 34 Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe

Fearing the ruin of thy hopeless soul. Old Man Ah, Doctor Faustus, that I might prevail, Faustus To guide thy steps unto, the way of life, Accursed Faustus, where is mercy now? By which sweet path thou maist attain the goal I do repent, and yet I do despair. That shall conduct thee to celestial rest. Hell strives with grace for conquest in my breast; Break heart, drop blood, and mingle it with tears, What shall I do to shun the snares of death? Tears falling from repentant heaviness Of thy most vile and loathsome filthiness, Mephistophilis The stench whereof corrupts the inward soul Thou traitor, Faustus, I arrest thy soul With such flagitious crimes of heinous sins, For disobedience to my sovereign lord. As no commiseration may expel, Revolt, or I'll in piece-meal tear thy flesh. But mercy, Faustus, of thy Savior sweet, Whose blood alone must wash away thy guilt. Faustus Sweet Mephistophilis, entreat thy lord Faustus To pardon my unjust presumption, Where art thou, Faustus? Wretch, what hast thou done? And with my blood again I will confirm Damned art thou, Faustus, damned, despair and die; My former vow I made to Lucifer. Hell calls for right, and with a roaring voice Says, Faustus, come! thine hour is come.

Mephistophilis Mephistophilis. gives him a dagger. Do it then quickly, with unfained heart, And Faustus-- will come to do thee right. Lest greater danger do attend thy drift.

Old Man Faustus Ah stay, good Faustus, stay thy desperate steps. Torment, sweet friend, that base and crooked age, I see an angel hovers ore thy head, That dar'st dissuade me from thy Lucifer, And, with a vial full of precious grace, With greatest torments that our hell affords. Offers to pour the same into thy soul; Then call for mercy and avoid despair. Mephistophilis His faith is great, I cannot touch his soul, Faustus But what I may afflict his body with, Ah, my sweet friend, I feel thy words I will attempt, which is but little worth. To comfort my distressed soul; Leave me a while to ponder on my sins. Faustus Old Man One thing, good servant, let me crave of thee: I go, sweet Faustus, but with heavy cheer, To glut the longing of my heart's desire,

35 Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe

That I might have unto my paramour, That heavenly Helen which I saw of late, Satan begins to sift me with his pride: Whose sweet embracings may extinguish clean As in this furnace God shall try my faith, These thoughts that do dissuade me from my vow, My faith, vile fuel, shall triumph over thee. And keep mine oath I made to Lucifer. Ambitious fiends, see how the heavens smiles At your repulse, and laughs your state to scorn. Mephistophilis Hence, hell! for hence I fly unto my God. Exeunt. Faustus, this, or what else thou shalt desire, Shall be performed in twinkling of an eye. Enter Helen.

Faustus Was this the face that launched a thousand ships? And burnt the topless towers of Ilium? Sweet Helen, make me immortal with a kiss. Her lips suck forth my soul; see where it flies. Summary: Scene 14 Come, Helen, come give me my soul again. The final night of Faustus’s life has come, and he tells the scholars of the Here will I dwell, for heaven be in these lips, deal he has made with Lucifer. They are horrified and ask what they can And all is dross that is not Helena. Enter Old man do to save him, but he tells them that there is nothing to be done. Reluctantly, they leave to pray for Faustus. A vision of hell opens before Faustus’s horrified eyes as the clock strikes eleven. The last hour passes I will be Paris, and for love of thee, by quickly, and Faustus exhorts the clocks to slow and time to stop, so Instead of Troy shall Wertenberg be sacked, that he might live a little longer and have a chance to repent. He then And I will combat with weak Menelaus, begs God to reduce his time And wear thy colours on my plumed crest; Yea, I will wound Achilles in the heel, in hell to a thousand years or a hundred thousand years, so long as he is And then return to Helen for a kiss. eventually saved. He wishes that he were a beast and would simply cease O, thou art fairer than the evening air, to exist when he dies instead of face damnation. He curses his parents Clad in the beauty of a thousand stars, and himself, and the clock strikes midnight. Devils enter and carry Brighter art thou than flaming Jupiter, Faustus away as he screams, “Ugly hell gape not! Come not, Lucifer! / when he appeared to hapless Semele, I’ll burn my books—ah, Mephastophilis!” (13.112–113). More lovely then the monarch of the sky The Chorus enters and warns the wise “[o]nly to wonder at unlawful In wanton Arethusa's azured arms, things” and not to trade their souls for forbidden knowledge. And none but thou shalt be my paramour. Exeunt.

Old man Accursed Faustus, miserable man, That from thy soul exclud'st the grace of heaven, And fly'st the throne of his tribunal seat, Enter the Devils.

36 Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe

ver read book. And what wonders I have done, all Germany SCENE XIV can witness, yea all the world, for which Faustus hath lost both Germany, and the world, yea heaven itself, heaven, the the Enter Faustus with the Scholars. seat of God, the throne of the blessed, the kingdom of joy, Faustus and must remain in hell for ever, hell, ah, hell for ever! Sweet Ah, gentlemen ! friends, what shall become of Faustus, being in hell for ever?

1. Scholar 3. Scholar What ails Faustus? Yet, Faustus, call on God.

Faustus Faustus Ah, my sweet chamber-fellow! Had I lived with On God, whom Faustus hath abjured, on God, thee, then had I lived still, but now I die eternally. Look, whom Faustus hath blasphemed. Ah, my God, I would comes he not? Comes he not? weep, but the devil draws in my tears. Gush forth blood, instead of tears. Yea, life and soul. Oh, he stays my tongue. 2. Scholar I would lift up my hands, but, see, they hold them, they hold them. What means Faustus? All 3. Scholar Who Faustus? Belike he is grown into some sickness, by being over solitary. Faustus 1. Scholar Lucifer and Mephistophilis. If it be so, we'll have physicians to cure him; Ah Gentlemen! I gave them my soul for my cunning. 'tis but a surfeit. Never fear man. All Faustus God forbid. A surfeit of deadly sin that hath damned both body and soul. Faustus 2. Scholar God forbade it indeed, but Faustus hath done it. Yet, Faustus, look up to heaven; remember God's mercies are infinite. For vain pleasure of four and twenty. years, hath Faustus lost eternal joy and felicity. I writ them a bill with mine one blood; Faustus the date is expired, the time will come, and he will fetch Mephistophilis. But Faustus' offense can never be pardoned: the serpent that tempted Eve may be saved, 1. Scholar but not Faustus. Ah, gentlemen, hear me with patience, Why did not Faustus tell us of this before, that and tremble not at my speeches, though my heart pants and divines might have prayed for thee? quivers to remember that I have been a student here these thirty years. O, would I had never seen Wertenberg, ne-

37 Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe

Faustus Faustus Oft have I thought to have done so, but the devil Ah Faustus, threatened to tear me in pieces, if I named God, to fetch Now hast thou but one bare hour to live, both body and soul, if I once gave ear to divinity. And And then thou must be damned perpetually. now 'tis too late. Gentlemen, away, lest you perish with me. Stand still you ever moving spheres of heaven, That time may cease, and midnight never come; 2. Scholar Fair Nature's eye, rise, rise again, and make O, what shall we do to Faustus? Perpetual day, or let this hour be but a year, A month, a week, a natural day, Faustus That Faustus may repent, and save his soul. Talk not of me, but save yourselves, and, depart. O lente, lente, currite noctis equi:19 The stars move still, time runs, the clock will strike. 3. Scholar The devil will come, and Faustus must be damned. God will strengthen me; I will stay with Faustus. O, I'll leap up to my God: who pulls me down? See, see where Christ's blood streames in the firmament; 1. Scholar One drop would save my soule, half a drop, ah, my Christ! Tempt not God, sweet friend, but let us into the Ah, rend not my heart for naming of my Christ, next room, and there pray for him. Yet will I call on him. Oh spare me, Lucifer! Where is it now? 'Tis gone, Faustus And see where God stretcheth out his arm, Ay, pray for me, pray for me, and what noise soever And bends his ireful brows. ye hear, come not unto me, for nothing can rescue me. Mountains and hills, come, come, and fall on me, And hide me from the heavy wrath of God. 2. Scholar No no, then will I headlong run into the earth; Pray thou, and we will pray that God may have mercy upon thee. Earth gape! O no, it will not harbour me. You stars that reigned at my nativity, Faustus Whose influence hath allotted death and hell, Gentlemen, farewell. If I live 'til morning, I'll visit Now draw up Faustus like a foggy mist, you, if not, Faustus is gone to hell. Into the entrails of yon laboring cloud, That when you vomit forth into the air, All My limbs may issue from your smoky mouths, Faustus, farewell. Exeunt Scholars. So that my soul may but ascend to heaven. Ah, half the hour is past: The watch strikes. the half hour 'Twill all be past anon. Oh God, if thou wilt not have mercy on my soul, The clock strikes eleven. Yet for Christ's sake, whose blood hath ransomed me,

19 “Run softly, softly, horses of the night.” – Ovid’s Amores, i. 13. 38 Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe

Impose some end to my incessant pain; Terminat hora diem, terminat auctor opus.20 Let Faustus live in hell a thousand years, A hundred thousand, and at last be saved. O, no end is limited to damned souls. Why wert thou not a creature wanting soul? Or, why is this immortal that thou hast? Ah, Pythagoras' metempspsxêosis, were that true, This soul should fly from me, and I be changed Unto some brutish beast. All beasts are happy, for when they die, Their souls are soon dissolved in elements, But mine must live still to be plagued in hell. Curst be the parents that engendered me. No, Faustus, curse thyself, curse Lucifer, That hath deprived thee of the joys of heaven.

The clock striketh twelve.

O, it strikes, it strikes! Now, body, turn to air, Or Lucifer will bear thee quick to hell. Thunder and lightning. O soul, be changed into little water drops, And fall into the ocean, ne'er be found. My God, my God, look not so fierce on me; Enter Devils. Adders, and serpents, let me breathe a while; Ugly hell gape not, come not Lucifer; I'll burn my books! Ah, Mephistophilis. Exeunt Devils with Faustus.

Enter Chorus. Cut is the branch that might have grown full straight, And burned is Apollo's laurel bough, That sometime grew within this learned man. Faustus is gone; regard his hellish fall, Whose fiendful fortune may exhort the wise, Only to wonder at unlawful things, Whose deepness doth entice such forward wits, To practice more than heavenly power permits. Exit.

20 “The hour ends the day, the author ends his work.” 39