Mn Mutcd-2D 2014.Qxd

PART 2. SIGNS Chapter 2D. Guide Signs - Conventional Roads TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 2D. GUIDE SIGNS - CONVENTIONAL ROADS Page Section 2D.1 Scope of Conventional Road Guide Sign Standards ...... 2D-1 2D.2 Application ...... 2D-1 2D.3 Color, Retroreflection, and Illumination ...... 2D-1 2D.4 Size of Signs ...... 2D-1 2D.5 Lettering Style ...... 2D-3 2D.6 Size of Lettering ...... 2D-4 2D.7 Amount of Legend ...... 2D-5 2D.8 Arrows ...... 2D-5 2D.9 Numbered Highway Systems ...... 2D-6 2D.10 Route Signs and Auxiliary Signs ...... 2D-7 2D.11 Design of Route Signs ...... 2D-7 2D.12 Design of Route Sign Auxiliaries ...... 2D-8 2D.13 Junction Auxiliary Sign (M2-1) ...... 2D-9 2D.14 Combination Junction Sign (M2-2) ...... 2D-9 2D.15 Cardinal Direction Auxiliary Signs (M3-1 through M3-4) ...... 2D-9 2D.16 Auxiliary Signs for Alternative Routes (M4 Series) ...... 2D-10 2D.17 ALTERNATE Auxiliary Signs (M4-1, M4-1a) ...... 2D-10 2D.18 BY-PASS Auxiliary Sign (M4-2a) ...... 2D-10 2D.19 BUSINESS Auxiliary Sign (M4-3) ...... 2D-10 2D.20 TRUCK Auxiliary Sign (M4-4) ...... 2D-10 2D.21 TO Auxiliary Sign (M4-5, M4-5a) ...... 2D-10 2D.22 END Auxiliary Sign (M4-6, M4-6a) ...... 2D-11 2D.23 BEGIN Auxiliary Sign (M4-14, M4-14a) ...... 2D-11 2D.24 TEMPORARY Auxiliary Sign (M4-7, M4-7a) ...... 2D-11 2D.25 Temporary Detour and Auxiliary Signs ...... 2D-11 2D.26 Advance Turn Arrow Auxiliary Signs (M5-1, M5-2, M5-3) ...... 2D-11 2D.27 Lane Designation Auxiliary Signs (M5-4, M5-5, M5-6) ...... 2D-12 2D.28 Directional Arrow Auxiliary Signs (M6 Series) ...... 2D-12 2D.29 Route Sign Assemblies ...... 2D-12 2D.30 Junction Assembly ...... 2D-13 2D.31 Advance Route Turn Assembly ...... 2D-18 2D.32 Directional Assembly ...... 2D-19 2D.33 Combination Lane-Use/Destination Overhead Guide Sign (D15-1) ...... 2D-19 2D.34 Confirming or Reassurance Assemblies ...... 2D-20 2D.35 Trailblazer Assembly ...... 2D-21 2D.36 Destination and Distance Signs ...... 2D-21 2D.37 Destination Signs (D1 Series) ...... 2D-21 2D.38 Destination Signs at Circular Intersections ...... 2D-22 2D.39 Destination Signs at Jughandles ...... 2D-23 2D.40 Location of Destination Signs ...... 2D-26 2D.41 Distance Signs (D2 Series) ...... 2D-26 2D.42 Location of Distance Signs ...... 2D-26

2D-i December, 2011 Page 2D.43 Street Name Sign (D3-1 or D3-1a) ...... 2D-27 2D.44 Advance Street Name Signs (D3-2) ...... 2D-28 2D.45 Signing on Conventional Roads on Approaches to Interchanges ...... 2D.29 2D.46 Freeway Entrance Signs (D13-3, D13-3a) ...... 2D-36 2D.47 Parking Area Guide Sign (D4-1) ...... 2D-36 2D.48 PARK - RIDE Sign (D4-2) ...... 2D-36 2D.49 Weigh Station Signing (D8 Series) ...... 2D-37 6

. v 2D.50 Community Wayfinding Signs ...... 2D-37 e R

N 2D.51 Truck, Passing, or Climbing Lane Signs (D17-1, D17-2) ...... 2D-43 M 2D.52 Slow Vehicle Turn-Out Sign (D17-7) ...... 2D-43 2D.53 Signing of Named Highways ...... 2D-44 2D.54 Crossover Signs (D13-1, D13-2) ...... 2D-44 2D.55 National Scenic Byways Signs (D6-4, D6-4a) ...... 2D-45

FIGURES Figure 2D-1 Examples of Color-Coded Destination Guide Signs ...... 2D-3 Figure 2D-2 Arrows for Use on Guide Signs ...... 2D-4 Figure 2D-3 This figure has been eliminated Figure 2D-4 This figure has been eliminated Figure 2D-5 This figure has been eliminated Figure 2D-6 Illustration of Directional Assemblies and Other Route Signs (For One Direction of Travel Only) (Sheet 1 of 4) ...... 2D-14 Figure 2D-6 Illustration of Directional Assemblies and Other Route Signs (For One Direction of Travel Only) (Sheet 2 of 4) ...... 2D-15 Figure 2D-6 Illustration of Directional Assemblies and Other Route Signs (For One Direction of Travel Only) (Sheet 3 of 4) ...... 2D-16 Figure 2D-6 Illustration of Directional Assemblies and Other Route Signs (For One Direction of Travel Only) (Sheet 4 of 4) ...... 2D-17 Figure 2D-7 Destination and Distance Signs ...... 2D-20 Figure 2D-8 Destination Signs for Roundabouts ...... 2D-23 Figure 2D-9 Examples of Guide Signs for Roundabouts (Sheet 1 of 2) ...... 2D-24 Figure 2D-9 Examples of Guide Signs for Roundabouts (Sheet 2 of 2) ...... 2D-25 Figure 2D-10 This figure has been eliminated Figure 2D-11 Example of Interchange Crossroad Signing for a One-Lane Approach ...... 2D-30 Figure 2D-12 Example of Minor Interchange Crossroad Signing ...... 2D-31 Figure 2D-13 Example of Multi-Lane Crossroad Signing for a Diamond Interchange ...... 2D-32 Figure 2D-14 Example of Multi-Lane Crossroad Signing for a Partial Cloverleaf Interchange ...... 2D-33 Figure 2D-15 Example of Multi-Lane Crossroad Signing for a Cloverleaf Interchange ...... 2D-34 Figure 2D-16 Example of Crossroad Signing for an Entrance ramp with a Nearby Frontage Road . . . 2D-35 Figure 2D-17 Example of Weigh Station Signing ...... 2D-38 6

. v

e Figure 2D-18 Example of Community Wayfinding Guide Signs ...... 2D-39 R

M Figure 2D-19 Example of a Community Wayfinding Guide Sign System Showing Direction from a Freeway or Expressway ...... 2D-40 Figure 2D-20 Example of a Color-Coded Community Wayfinding Guide Sign System ...... 2D-41

TABLES Table 2D-1 Conventional Road Guide Sign Sizes ...... 2D-2 Table 2D-2 Recommended Minimum Letter Heights on Street Name Signs ...... 2D-27

February, 2018 2D-ii PART 2. SIGNS Chapter 2D. Guide Signs - Conventional Roads

2D.1 Scope of Conventional Road SSTANDARD:TANDARD: Guide Sign Standards Except where otherwise provided in this Manual, STANDARD:STANDARD: different color sign backgrounds shall not be used to provide color coding of destinations. The color coding shall be The provisions of this Chapter shall apply to any road or accomplished by the use of different colored square or street other than low-volume roads (as defined in Section rectangular sign panels on the face of the guide signs. 5A.1), expressways, and freeways. OPTION:OPTION:

2D.2 Application The different colored sign panels may include a black or SUPPORT:UPPORT: white (whichever provides the better contrast with the panel color) letter, numeral, or other appropriate designation to Guide signs are essential to direct road users along streets identify an airport terminal or other destination. and highways, to inform them of intersecting routes, to direct them to cities, towns, villages, or other important des - SUPPORT:SUPPORT: tinations, to identify nearby rivers and streams, parks, Two examples of color-coded sign assemblies are shown forests, and historical sites, and generally to give such in Figure 2D-1. Section 2D.50 contains specific provisions information as will help them along their way in the most regarding Community Wayfinding guide signs. simple, direct manner possible. Chapter 2A addresses placement, location, and other 2D.4 Size of Signs general criteria for signs. SSTANDARD:TANDARD:

2D.3 Color, Retroreflection, and Except as provided in Section 2A.11, the sizes of conven - Illumination tional road guide signs that have standardized designs shall be as shown in Table 2D-1. SUPPORT:SUPPORT: SUPPORT:SUPPORT: Requirements for illumination, retroreflection, and color are stated under the specific headings for individual guide Section 2A.11 contains information regarding the applic - signs or groups of signs. General provisions are given in ability of the various columns in Table 2D-1. Sections 2A.7, 2A.8, and 2A.10. OPTION:OPTION: STANDARD:STANDARD: Signs larger than those shown in Table 2D-1 may be used (see Section 2A.11). Except where otherwise provided in this Manual for individual signs or groups of signs, guide signs on streets SUPPORT:SUPPORT: and highways shall have a white message and border on a For other guide signs, the legends are so variable that a stan - green background. All messages, borders, and legends shall dardized design or size is not appropriate. The sign size is be retroreflective and all backgrounds shall be retroreflec - determined primarily by the length of the message, and the tive or illuminated. size of lettering and spacing necessary for proper legibility. SUPPORT:SUPPORT:

Color coding is sometimes used to help road users distinguish between multiple potentially confusing destina - 2

. v tions. Examples of valuable uses of color coding include e R

guide signs for roadways approaching or inside an airport M property with multiple terminals serving multiple airlines, and community wayfinding guide signs for various traffic generator destinations within a community or area.

2D-1 July, 2013 Table 2D-1. Conventional Road Guide Sign Sizes

December, 2011 2D-2 A -FreewayorExpressway- AirportTerminals ABBudget Air Pan Atlantic Express Air Alpha Air Air Midwest Eastern Orient N E XTL E FT

B-ConventionalRoadorStreet-Urban Areas Hanover Districts Theater District Downtown

Figure 2D-1. Examples of Color-Coded Destination Guide Signs

OPTION:OPTION: 2D.5 Lettering Style Reduced letter height, reduced interline spacing, and SSTANDARD:TANDARD: reduced edge spacing may be used on guide signs if sign size must be limited by factors such as lane width or vertical or The design of upper-case letters, lower-case letters, lateral clearance. numerals, route shields, and spacing shall be as provided in GUIDANCE:GUIDANCE: the MnDOT “Standard Signs Manual”, and the Federal "Standard Highway Signs and Markings" book (see Section Reduced spacing between the letters or words on a line of 1A.11). legend should not be used as a means of reducing the overall The lettering for names of places, streets, and highways size of a guide sign, except where determined necessary by on conventional road guide signs shall be a combination of engineering judgment to meet unusual lateral space lower-case letters with initial upper-case letters (see Section constraints. In such cases, the legibility distance of the sign 2A.13). The nominal loop height of the lower-case letters legend should be the primary consideration in determining shall be 3/4 the height of the initial upper-case letter. When whether to reduce the spacing between the letters or the a mixed-case legend letter height is specified referring only words or between the words and the sign border, or to reduce to the initial upper-case letter, the height of the lower-case the letter height. letters that follow shall be determined by this proportion. When a reduction in the standard size is necessary, the When the height of a lower-case letter is referenced, the design used should be as similar as possible to the design for reference is made to the nominal loop height and the height the standard size. of the initial upper-case letter shall also be determined by this proportion. All other word legends on conventional road guide signs shall be in upper-case letters. The unique letter forms for each of the Standard Alphabet series shall not be stretched, compressed, warped, or otherwise manipulated. Modifications to the length of a word for a given letter height and series shall be accom - plished only by the methods described in Section 2D.4.

2D-3 December, 2011 Directional Arrows

Type A Type A -Extended TypeB TypeC TypeD

Down Arrow

Note: The“StandardHighwaySigns andMarkings”bookcontainsthe detailsofthesearrowdesigns.

Figure 2D-2. Arrows for Use on Guide Signs

2D.6 Size of Lettering The principal legend on guide signs shall be in letters and numerals at least 6 inches in height for all upper-case letters, SUPPORT:SUPPORT: or a combination of 6 inches in height for upper-case letters Sign legibility is a direct function of letter size and and 4.5 inches in height for lower-case letters. On low- spacing. Legibility distance has to be sufficient to give road volume roads (as defined in Section 5A.1) with speeds of 25 users enough time to read and comprehend the sign. Under mph or less, and on urban streets with speeds of 25 mph or optimum conditions, a guide sign message can be read and less, the principal legend shall be in letters at least 4 inches understood in a brief glance. The legibility distance takes in height for all upper-case letters, or a combination of 4 into account factors such as inattention, blocking of view by inches in height for upper-case letters and 3 inches in height other vehicles, unfavorable weather, inferior eyesight, or for lower-case letters. other causes for delayed or slow reading. Where conditions GGUIDANCE:UIDANCE: permit, repetition of guide information on successive signs gives the road user more than one opportunity to obtain the Lettering sizes should be consistent on any particular information needed. class of highway. STANDARD:STANDARD: The minimum lettering sizes provided in this Manual should be exceeded where conditions indicate a need for Design layouts for conventional road guide signs showing greater legibility.. interline spacing, edge spacing, and other specification SUPPORT:SUPPORT: details shall be as shown in the MnDOT “Standard Signs Manual”, and the Federal "Standard Highway Signs and Guidelines for designing guide signs can be found in the Markings" book (see Section 1A.11). Minnesota Traffic Engineering Manual, Chapter 6, Charts 6.1A through 6.1E.

December, 2011 2D-4 2D.7 Amount of Legend SSTANDARD:TANDARD:

SUPPORT:SUPPORT: Curved-stem arrows shall not be used on any sign that is not associated with a circular intersection. The longer the legend on a guide sign, the longer it will take road users to comprehend it, regardless of letter size. GGUIDANCE:UIDANCE: GUIDANCE:GUIDANCE: If curved-stem arrows are used, the principles set forth in Sections 2D.26 through 2D.29 should be followed. Except where otherwise provided in this Manual, guide signs should be limited to no more than three lines of desti - The Type A directional arrow should be used on guide nations, which include place names, route numbers, street signs on freeways, expressways, and conventional roads to names, and cardinal directions. Where two or more signs are indicate the direction to a specific destination or group of included in the same overhead display, the amount of legend destinations, except as otherwise provided in this Section should be further minimized. Where appropriate, a distance and in Section 2E.19. message or action information, such as an exit number, When a directional arrow in a vertical, upward-pointing NEXT RIGHT, or directional arrows, should be provided on orientation is placed to the side of a group of destinations to guide signs in addition to the destinations. indicate a through movement, the Type A directional arrow should be used. When a directional arrow in a vertical, 2D.8 Arrows upward-pointing orientation is placed to the side of a single SUPPORT:SUPPORT: destination or under a destination or group of destinations, the Type B directional arrow should be used. Arrows are used for lane assignment and to indicate the direction toward designated routes or destinations. Figure The Type B directional arrow should be used on guide 2D-2 shows the various standard arrow designs that have signs on conventional roads when placed at any angle to the been approved for use on guide signs. Detailed drawings of side of a single destination or when placed in a horizontal these standard arrows are shown in the MnDOT “Standard orientation to the side of a group of destinations. Signs Manual”, and the Federal "Standard Highway Signs The Type C advance turn directional arrow should be and Markings" book (see Section 1A.11). used on conventional road guide signs placed in advance of STANDARD:STANDARD: an intersection where a turn must be made to reach a posted destination or group of destinations. On overhead signs where it is desirable to indicate a lane The Type D directional arrow should be used primarily to be followed, a down arrow shall be positioned approxi - for sign applications other than guide signs, except as mately over the center of the lane and shall point vertically provided in paragraph four of the following Option . downward toward the approximate center of that lane. Down arrows shall be used only on overhead guide signs that OPTION:OPTION: restrict the use of specific lanes to traffic bound for the The Type A-Extended directional arrow may be used on destination(s) and/or route(s) indicated by these arrows. guide signs where additional emphasis regarding the Down arrows shall not be used unless an arrow can be direction is needed relative to the amount of legend on the located over and pointed to the approximate center of each sign. lane that can be used to reach the destination displayed on the sign. The Type C directional arrow may be used to the side of the legend of an overhead guide sign to accentuate a sharp If down arrows are used, having more than one down turn exit maneuver from a mainline roadway (see Section arrow pointing to the same lane on a single overhead sign (or 2E.36 for additional information regarding Exit Direction on multiple signs on the same overhead sign structure) shall signs for low advisory ramp speeds). not be permitted. Where a roadway is leaving the through lanes, a On conventional roads on the approach to an intersection directional arrow shall point upward at an angle that approx - where the Combination Lane-Use/Destination overhead imates the alignment of the exit roadway. guide sign (see Section 2D.33) is not used, the Type C advance turn directional arrow may be used beneath the OPTION:OPTION: legend of an overhead guide sign to indicate the fact that a Curved-stem arrows (see Figure 2D-8) that represent the turn must be made from a mandatory movement lane over intended driver paths to destinations involving left-turn which the sign is placed to reach the destination or destina - movements may be used on guide signs on approaches to tions displayed on the sign. circular intersections.

2D-5 December, 2011 The Type D directional arrow may be used on post- SUPPORT:SUPPORT: mounted guide signs on conventional roads with lower The MnDOT "Standard Signs Manual" and the Federal operating speeds if the height of the text on the sign is 8 "Standard Highway Signs and Markings" book (see Section inches or less. 1A.11) contain design details and standardized sizes of the The directional and down arrows shown in Figure 2D-2 various arrows based on ranges of letter heights of principal may be used on signs other than guide signs for the purposes legends. of providing directional guidance and lane assignment. GUIDANCE:GUIDANCE: 2D.9 Numbered Highway Systems SUPPORT:SUPPORT: Arrows used on guide signs to indicate the directions toward designated routes or destinations should be pointed The purpose of numbering and signing highway systems at the appropriate angle to clearly convey the direction to be is to identify routes and facilitate travel. taken. A horizontally oriented directional arrow design The Interstate and United States (U.S.) highway systems should be used at right-angle intersections. are numbered by the American Association of State On a post-mounted guide sign, a directional arrow for a Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) upon rec - straight-through movement should point upward. Except as ommendations of the State highway organizations because provided in Section 2D.46, for a turn, the arrow on a guide the respective States own these systems. State and county sign should point horizontally or at an upward angle that road systems are numbered by the appropriate authorities. approximates the sharpness of the turn. The basic policy for numbering the Interstate and U.S. At an exit, an arrow should be placed at the side of the highway systems is contained in the following Purpose and sign that will reinforce the movement of exiting traffic. The Policy statements published by AASHTO (see Page i for directional arrow design should be used. AASHTO's address): OPTION:OPTION: A. "Establishment and Development of United States Numbered Highways;" and Arrows may be placed below the principal sign legend or B. "Establishment of a Marking System of the Routes on the appropriate side of the legend. Comprising the National System of Interstate and On a post-mounted sign at an exit where placement of the Defense Highways." arrow to the side of the legend farthest from the roadway GGUIDANCE:UIDANCE: would create an unusually wide sign that limits the road user's view of the arrow, the directional arrow may be placed The principles of these policies should be followed in at the bottom portion of the sign, centered under the legend. establishing the highway systems described in Paragraph two of the above Support and any other systems, with GUIDANCE:GUIDANCE: effective coordination between adjacent jurisdictions. Care The width across the arrowhead for the Types A, B, and C should be taken to avoid the use of numbers or other desig - directional arrows should be between 1.5 and 1.75 times the nations that have been assigned to Interstate, U.S., or State height of the upper-case letters of the principal legend on the routes in the same geographic area. Overlapping numbered sign. The width across the arrowhead for the Type D routes should be kept to a minimum. directional arrow should be at least equal to the height of the SSTANDARD:TANDARD: upper-case letters of the principal legend on the sign. For down arrows used on overhead signs, the width across the Route systems shall be given preference in this order: arrowhead should be approximately two times the height of Interstate, United States, State, and County. The preference the upper-case letters of the principal legend on the sign. shall be given by installing the highest-priority legend on the top or the left of the sign. Arrows used in Overhead Arrow-per-Lane and Diagrammatic guide signing, if used on conventional roads, SUPPORT:SUPPORT: except for signs on approaches to roundabouts, should Section 2D.53 contains information regarding the signing follow the principles set forth in Section 2E.19.Arrows used of unnumbered highways to enhance route guidance and in Diagrammatic guide signing on approaches to facilitate travel. roundabouts should follow the principles set forth in Section 2D.38.

December, 2011 2D-6 2D.10 Route Signs and Auxiliary Signs SSTANDARD:TANDARD: STANDARD:STANDARD: Off-Interstate Business Route signs shall consist of a cutout shield carrying the number of the connecting All numbered highway routes shall be identified by route Interstate route and the words BUSINESS and either LOOP signs and auxiliary signs. or SPUR in upper-case letters. The legend and border shall The signs for each system of numbered highways, which be white on a green background, and the shield shall be the are distinctive in shape and color, shall be used only on that same shape and dimensions as the Interstate Route sign. In system and the approaches thereto. no instance shall the word INTERSTATE appear on the Off- OPTION:OPTION: Interstate Business Route sign. OPTION:OPTION: Route signs and auxiliary signs may be proportionally enlarged where greater legibility is needed. The Off-Interstate Business Route sign may be used on a SUPPORT:SUPPORT: major highway that is not a part of the Interstate system, but one that serves the business area of a city from an Route signs are typically mounted in assemblies with interchange on the system. When used on a green guide sign, auxiliary signs. a white square or rectangle may be placed behind the shield Section 2D.55 contains information regarding the signing to improve contrast. for National Scenic Byways. SSTANDARD:TANDARD: Section 2H.7 contains information regarding the signing for Auto Tour Routes. U.S. Route signs shall consist of black numerals on a white shield surrounded by a rectangular black background 2D.11 Design of Route Signs without a border. This sign shall be used on all U.S. routes and in connection with route sign assemblies on intersecting STANDARD:STANDARD: highways. The MnDOT "Standard Signs Manual" shall be used for A 24 x 24-inch minimum sign size shall be used for U.S. designing route signs. Other route sign designs shall be route numbers with one or two digits, and a 30 x 24-inch established by the authority having jurisdiction. minimum sign size shall be used for U.S. route numbers Interstate Route signs shall consist of a cutout shield, with having three digits. the route number in white letters on a blue background, the word INTERSTATE in white upper-case letters on a red background, and a white border. This sign shall be used on all Interstate routes and in connection with route sign assemblies on intersecting highways. 61

INTERSTATE BUSINESS LOOP M1-4 M1-5b 94 94 SSTANDARD:TANDARD: The Minnesota Route Marker (M1-5a & M1-5b) shall be rectangular with white numerals on a blue background with M1-1 M1-2 & M1-3 a gold border. The silhouette and the name of the state shall be in blue on a gold band across the top of the route marker. A 24 x 24-inch minimum sign size shall be used for Interstate route numbers with one or two digits, and a 30 x GGUIDANCE:UIDANCE: 24-inch minimum sign size shall be used for Interstate route Where U.S. or State Route signs are used as components numbers having three digits. of guide signs, only the distinctive shape of the shield itself OPTION:OPTION: and the route numerals within should be used. The rectangular background upon which the distinctive shape of Interstate Route signs may contain the State name in the shield is mounted, such as the black area around the white upper-case letters on a blue background.

2D-7 December, 2011 outside of the shields on the M1-4 and standard M1-5a or OPTION:OPTION: M1-5b signs, should not be included on the guide sign. Where U.S. or State Route signs are used as components of When used on a green guide sign, a yellow square or other signs of non-contrasting background colors, the rectangle may be placed behind the pentagon shaped rectangular background should be used to so that recognition County Route (M1-6) sign to improve contrast. of the distinctive shape of the shield can be maintained. STANDARD:TANDARD: STANDARD:STANDARD: The Township Route Marker (M1-X3) shall be square with the abbreviation “TWP”, the appropriate route number, The standard County Route Marker (M1-X4) approved and the border in black on a white background. The for general use on county highways in Minnesota shall be standard size for all applications shall be 24 x 24 inches. square with the county name at the top, the route number Reassurance markers may be a minimum size of 18 x 18 in the center and the word “COUNTY” at the bottom. The inches. When used with other route markers in common legend and border shall be black on a white background. assemblies, the Township Route Marker shall be of a size The standard size for all applications shall be 24 x 24 compatible with that of the other route markers. inches. When used with other route markers in common assemblies, the County Route Marker shall be of a size compatible with that of the other route markers. TWP 13 CARVER WRIGHT 21 5 44 COUNTY COUNTY M1-X3 M1-7

M1-X4 M1-6 Route signs for park and forest roads shall be designed with adequate distinctiveness and legibility and of a size compatible with other route signs used in common If county road authorities elect to establish and identify a assemblies. special system of important county roads, a statewide policy for such signing shall be established that includes a uniform 2D.12 Design of Route Sign Auxiliaries numbering system to uniquely identify each route. The SSTANDARD:TANDARD: County Route (M1-6) sign shall consist of a pentagon shape with a yellow county name and border, a white route letter Route sign auxiliaries carrying word legends, except the or number on a blue background. County Route signs JCT sign, shall have a standard size of 24 x 12 inches. Those displaying two digits or the equivalent (letter and numeral, carrying arrow symbols, or the JCT sign, shall have a or two letters) shall be a minimum size of 18 x 18 inches; standard size of 21 x 15 inches. All route sign auxiliaries those carrying three digits or the equivalent shall be a shall match the color combination of the route sign that they minimum size of 24 x 24 inches. supplement. When used with other route markers in common GGUIDANCE:UIDANCE: assemblies, the M1-X4 County Route Marker shall be of a With route signs of larger heights, auxiliary signs should the same size compatible with as that of the other route be suitably enlarged, but not such that they exceed the width markers. of the route sign. If a jurisdiction uses letters instead of numbers to identify For a route sign design that uses multiple background routes, all references to numbered routes in this Chapter colors, such as the Interstate route sign, the background shall be interpreted to also include lettered routes. color of the corresponding auxiliary should be that of the GUIDANCE:GUIDANCE: background area on which the route number is placed on the route sign.. If used with other route signs in common assemblies, the County Route sign should be of a size compatible with that of the other route signs.

December, 2011 2D-8 OPTION:OPTION: JUNCTION A route sign and any auxiliary signs used with it may be combined on a single sign as a guide sign. GUIDANCE:GUIDANCE: 47 If a route sign and its auxiliary signs are combined to form a single guide sign, the background color of the sign should be green and the design should comply with the basic principles for the design of guide signs. M2-2 STANDARD:STANDARD: GGUIDANCE:UIDANCE: The Combination Junction sign should comply with the If a route sign and its auxiliary signs are combined on a specific provisions of Section 2D.11 regarding the incorpo - single sign with a green background, the auxiliary messages ration of the route signs as components of guide signs. shall be white legends placed directly on the green background. Auxiliary signs shall not be mounted directly to Although the size of the Combination Junction sign will a guide sign or other type of sign. depend on the number of routes involved, the numerals should be large enough for clear legibility and should be of SUPPORT:SUPPORT: a size comparable with those in the individual route signs. Chapter 2F contains information regarding auxiliary signs 2D.15 Cardinal Direction Auxiliary Signs for toll highways. (M3-1 through M3-4) 2D.13 Junction Auxiliary Sign (M2-1) N ORTH E AST S OUTH 2

M3-1 M3-2 M3-3 . v e R

M2-1 M2-1a M STANDARD:STANDARD: N ORTHORTH E ASTAST S OUTHOUTH The Junction (M2-1) auxiliary sign shall carry the abbreviated legend JCT and shall be mounted at the top of M3-1a M3-2a M3-3a an assembly (see Section 2D.30) directly above the route sign, the sign for an alternative route (see Section 2D.17) that is part of the route designation, or the Cardinal Direction auxiliary sign where access is available only to one direction W EST WESTEST of the intersected route. The minimum size of the Junction auxiliary sign shall be 21 x 15 inches for compatibility with 2

auxiliary signs carrying arrow symbols. M3-4 M3-4a . v e R

GGUIDANCE:UIDANCE: N 2D.14 Combination Junction Sign (M2-2) M OPTION:OPTION: Cardinal Direction auxiliary signs carrying the legend NORTH, EAST, SOUTH, or WEST should be used to As an alternative to the standard Junction assembly where indicate the general direction of the entire route. more than one route is to be intersected or joined, a rectangular guide sign may be used carrying the word SSTANDARD:TANDARD: JUNCTION above the route numbers. To improve the readability and recognition of the cardinal STANDARD:STANDARD: directions, the first letter of the cardinal direction words shall be ten percent larger, rounded up to the nearest whole The Combination Junction (M2-2) sign shall have a green number size. background with white border and lettering for the word JUNCTION. If used, the Cardinal Direction auxiliary sign shall be mounted directly above a route sign or, if used, an auxiliary sign for an alternative route.

2D-9 July, 2013 2D.16 Auxiliary Signs for Alternative 2D.19 BUSINESS Auxiliary Sign (M4-3) Routes (M4 Series) OPTION:PTION: BUSINESS Auxiliary signs, carrying legends such as ALTERNATE, BY-PASS, BUSINESS, or TRUCK, may be used to indicate M4-3 an alternate route of the same number between two points on that route. OPTION:OPTION: STANDARD:STANDARD: The BUSINESS (M4-3) auxiliary sign may be used to If used, the auxiliary signs for alternative routes shall be designate an alternate route that branches from a numbered mounted directly above a route sign. route, passes through the business portion of a city, and rejoins the numbered route beyond that area. 2D.17 ALTERNATE Auxiliary Signs SSTANDARD:TANDARD: (M4-1, M4-1a) If used, the BUSINESS auxiliary sign shall be mounted directly above a route sign. ALTERNATE ALT 2D.20 TRUCK Auxiliary Sign (M4-4)

M4-1 M4-1a TRUCK OPTION:OPTION:

The ALTERNATE (M4-1) or the ALT (M4-1a) auxiliary M4-4 sign may be used to indicate an officially designated OPTION:OPTION: alternate routing of a numbered route between two points on that route. The TRUCK (M4-4) auxiliary sign may be used to STANDARD:STANDARD: designate an alternate route that branches from a numbered route, when it is desirable to encourage or require If used, the ALTERNATE or ALT auxiliary sign shall be commercial vehicles to use the alternate route. mounted directly above a route sign. SSTANDARD:TANDARD: GUIDANCE:GUIDANCE: If used, the TRUCK auxiliary sign shall be mounted The shorter (time or distance) or better-constructed route directly above a route sign. should retain the regular route number, and the other route should be designated as the alternate route. 2D.21 TO Auxiliary Sign (M4-5, M4-5a) 2D.18 BY-PASS Auxiliary Sign (M4-2a) TO TO BYPASS M4-5 M4-5a OPTION:OPTION: M4-2a The TO (M4-5) auxiliary sign may be used to provide OPTION:OPTION: directional guidance to a particular road facility from other The BY-PASS (M4-2a) auxiliary sign may be used to highways in the vicinity (see Section 2D.35). designate a route that branches from the numbered route SSTANDARD:TANDARD: through a city, bypasses a part of the city or congested area, and rejoins the numbered route beyond the city. If used, the TO auxiliary sign shall be mounted directly STANDARD:STANDARD: above a route sign or an auxiliary sign for an alternative route. If a Cardinal Direction auxiliary sign is also included If used, the BY-PASS auxiliary sign shall be mounted in the assembly, the TO auxiliary sign shall be mounted directly above a route sign. directly above the Cardinal Direction auxiliary sign.

December, 2011 2D-10 2D.22 END Auxiliary Sign (M4-6, M4-6a) 2D.24 TEMPORARY Auxiliary Sign (M4-7, M4-7a)

END END TEMPORARY TEMP

M4-6 M4-6a M4-7 M4-7a GUIDANCE:GUIDANCE: OPTION:OPTION: The END (M4-6) auxiliary sign should be used where the route being traveled ends, usually at a junction with another The TEMPORARY (M4-7) or the TEMP (M4-7a) route. auxiliary sign may be used for an interim period to designate a section of highway that is not planned as a permanent part STANDARD:STANDARD: of a numbered route, but that connects completed portions of that route. If used, the END auxiliary sign shall be mounted either directly above a route sign or above a sign for an alternative SSTANDARD:TANDARD: route that is part of the designation of the route being terminated. If used, the TEMPORARY or TEMP auxiliary sign shall be mounted directly above the route sign, above a Cardinal 2D.23 BEGIN Auxiliary Sign Direction sign, or above a sign for an alternate route that is (M4-14, M4-14a) a part of the route designation. TEMPORARY or TEMP auxiliary signs shall be promptly removed when the temporary route is abandoned. BEGIN BEGIN 2D.25 Temporary Detour and Auxiliary Signs M4-14 M4-14a SUPPORT:SUPPORT: OPTION:OPTION: Chapter 6F contains information regarding Temporary The BEGIN (M4-14) auxiliary sign may be used where a Detour and Auxiliary signs. route begins, usually at a junction with another route. 2D.26 Advance Turn Arrow Auxiliary Signs STANDARD:STANDARD: (M5-1, M5-2, and M5-3) If used, the BEGIN auxiliary sign shall be mounted at the top of the first Confirming assembly (see Section 2D.34) for the route that is beginning.

GUIDANCE:GUIDANCE: M5-1 M5-2 M5-3 If a BEGIN auxiliary sign is included in the first Confirming assembly, a Cardinal Direction auxiliary sign should also be included in the assembly. STANDARD:STANDARD: M5-1a M5-2a M5-3a If a Cardinal Direction auxiliary sign is also included in the assembly, the BEGIN auxiliary sign shall be mounted SSTANDARD:TANDARD: directly above the Cardinal Direction auxiliary sign. If used, the Advance Turn Arrow auxiliary sign shall be mounted directly below the route sign in Advance Route Turn assemblies, and displays a right or left arrow, the shaft of which is bent at a 90-degree angle (M5-1) or at a 45- degree angle (M5-2).

2D-11 December, 2011 If used, the curved-stem Advance Turn Arrow auxiliary (M5-3) sign shall be used only on the approach to a circular intersection to depict a movement along the circulatory roadway around the central island and to the left, relative to the approach roadway and entry into the intersection. M6-4 M6-5 M6-6 GUIDANCE:UIDANCE:

If the M5-3 sign is used, then this arrow type should also be used consistently on any regulatory lane-use signs (see Chapter 2B), Destination signs (see Section 2D.37), and pavement markings (see Part 3) for a particular destination M6-4a M6-5a M6-6a or movement. 2D.27 Lane Designation Auxiliary Signs (M5-4, M5-5, and M5-6)

M6-7 M6-7a

SSTANDARD:TANDARD: M5-4 M5-5 M5-6 If used, the Directional Arrow auxiliary sign shall be mounted below the route sign and any other auxiliary signs in Directional assemblies (see Section 2D.32), and displays a single- or double-headed arrow pointing in the general M5-4a M5-5a M5-6a direction that the route follows.

2 OPTION:OPTION:

. A Directional Arrow auxiliary sign that displays a double- v e R

N headed arrow shall not be mounted in any Directional

M A Lane Designation (M5-4, M5-5, or M5-6) auxiliary sign may be mounted directly below the route sign in an assembly in advance of or at a circular intersection. Advance Route Turn assembly on multi-lane roadways to OPTION:OPTION: allow road users to move into the appropriate lane prior to The downward pointing diagonal arrow auxiliary (M6- reaching the intersection or interchange. 2a) sign may be used in a Directional assembly at the far STANDARD:STANDARD: corner of an intersection to indicate the immediate entry point to a freeway or expressway entrance ramp (see Section If used, the Lane Designation auxiliary signs shall be used 2D.46). only where the designated lane is a mandatory movement lane and shall be located adjacent to the full-width portion of SSTANDARD:TANDARD: the mandatory movement lane. The Lane Designation The M6-2a sign shall not be used on the approach to or on auxiliary signs shall not be installed adjacent to a through the near side of an intersection, such as to designate an lane in advance of a lane that is being added or along the approach lane. taper for a lane that is being added. 2D.28 Directional Arrow Auxiliary Signs 2D.29 Route Sign Assemblies (M6 Series) SSTANDARD:TANDARD: A Route Sign assembly shall consist of a route sign and auxiliary signs that further identify the route and indicate the direction. Route Sign assemblies shall be installed on all M6-1 M6-2 M6-3 approaches to signed numbered routes that intersect with other signed numbered routes. Where two or more routes follow the same section of highway, the route signs for Interstate, U.S., State, and County routes shall be mounted in that order from the left in M6-1a M6-2a M6-3a

July, 2013 2D-12 horizontal arrangements and from the top in vertical SOOUTHUTH N ORTH S OUTH arrangements. Subject to this order of precedence, route signs for lower-numbered routes shall be placed at the left or 27 61 63 top. 43 25 53

I NTERSTATE 94 61

Route Markers Arranged by Common Direction Route Sign assemblies shall be mounted in accordance with the general specifications for highway signs (Chapter Route Markers Arranged by 2A), with the lowest sign in the assembly at the height Class of Highway prescribed for single signs. GGUIDANCE:UIDANCE: Within groups of assemblies, information for routes inter - secting from the left shall be mounted at the left in Assemblies for two or more routes, or for different horizontal arrangements and at the top or center of vertical directions on the same route, should be mounted in groups arrangements. Similarly, information for routes intersecting on a common support. from the right shall be at the right or bottom, and for OPTION:OPTION: straight-through routes at the center in horizontal arrange - ments or top in vertical arrangements. Route Sign assemblies may be installed on the approaches to numbered routes on unnumbered roads and streets that carry an appreciable amount of traffic destined 23 for the numbered route. The diagrammatic route guide sign format, such as the 10 61 D1-4 and D1-5 signs shown in Figure 2D-8, may be used on approaches to roundabouts. 68 If engineering judgment indicates that groups of assemblies that include overlapping routes or multiple turns might be confusing, route signs or auxiliary signs may be omitted or combined, provided that clear directions are given to road users. Route Markers Arranged by Number SUPPORT:SUPPORT: Within the Class of Highway Figure 2D-6 shows typical placements of route signs. 23 INTERSTATE 10 2D.30 Junction Assembly 94 61 SSTANDARD:TANDARD: 68 53 A Junction assembly shall consist of a Junction auxiliary sign and a route sign. The route sign shall carry the number of the intersected or joined route. The Junction assembly shall be installed in advance of every intersection where a signed numbered route is intersected or joined by another signed numbered route. Route Markers Arranged by Directional Arrows

2D-13 December, 2011 U.S.ROUTE U.S.ROUTE 75 Collis 5 61 Miesville 2 Wheaton 17 R e dW i n g 17 + + t t S OUTH e e e e N ORTH f f 0 0 61 0 0 3 3 75

t N ORTH t

e WESTEST e e e f f 0 0 0 0

75 2 2 28 61

o 20 o t t 5 5 2 2

(DuplicateOptional) (DuplicateOptional)

STATEROUTE STATEROUTE 28 20

STATEROUTE U.S.ROUTE 28 61 N ORTH WESTEST t t e e e f e f 0

0 61 0 75 20 0

2 28 2 o t o t 0 0 0 0 1 1

Barry Miesville Hastings t

t Johnson e e e e f f

0 C a n n o nFa l l s 0 0 0 4 4 n n a a h h t t s s s s e e l l t t o o N 28 N JUNCTION 61 20

U.S.ROUTE STATEROUTE 75 50

Note: Thespacingsshownonthisfigureareforruralintersections. SeeSections2D.29,2D.30,2D.322D.34,2D.40,and2D.42 forlow-speedand/orurbanconditions.

Figure 2D-6. Illustration of Directional Assemblies and Other Route Signs (For One Direction of Travel Only) (Sheet 1 of 4)

December, 2011 2D-14 STATEROUTE U.S.ROUTE 4 Godahl 21 59 Slayton 6 S tJ a m e s 26 Worthington 35 + + t t

SOUTHOUTH e e S OUTH e e f f 0 0 4 0

0 59 3 3 t t e e e e f EASTAST SOUTHOUTH f 0 0 0 0 2 2

o 14 68 4 o t t 5 5 2 2

(Enlargedifnecessary)

U.S.ROUTE U.S.ROUTE 14 14

STATEROUTE STATEROUTE EASTAST S OUTH 68 30 59 t 30 e e f 0 0 ) t 2 f 0 n 0 a 2 h ( t m s 0 s t 6 e e l n e t f a o h 0 t N 0 s 3 s e

N e wU l m l n t a o h N t Cobden s s e l

t Slayton o N

t Currie e e f EASTAST SOUTHOUTH 0 t 0 e 4 e f n 0 a 0 h 4 t 68 4 n s a s h t e l s t s o e l N t o N 30

STATEROUTE 14 U.S.ROUTE 4&68 59

Note: Thespacingsshownonthisfigureareforruralintersections. SeeSections2D.29,2D.30,2D.322D.34,2D.40,and2D.42 forlow-speedand/orurbanconditions.

Figure 2D-6. Illustration of Directional Assemblies and Other Route Signs (For One Direction of Travel Only) (Sheet 2 of 4)

2D-15 December, 2011 STATEROUTE STATEROUTE 4 4&30

TR A F F I C S

SIGNAL 300feet + J 25to200feet a

E ASAST T 5

t e

4 0

U 0

T 2

4 30

e s

E E f STATEROUTE

s 0

e SOUTHOUTH

l 42

s 42

t o N Godahl

S tJ a m e s t

0 EAASST T

30 2

o N

Pine TreeRoad STATEROUTE 30 4

E t

T e SOUTHOUTH S OUTH U

O e R f . 5 .S 7

U 0 0

4 75 2

W a

h h e t

S T a t

A s T o E + n t s R e 2

e e O f 7 l 4 U 0 S T 0 O E 3 U t T H o 7 N t e e 5 f 0 0 * See Table2C-4 2 o t fordistance 5 2 Doran

Whea ton Weaver2

a h

t SOUTHOUTH S OUTH

t o

N 4 75 STATEROUTE 42 U.S.ROUTE Pin eT reeRd 75& STATEROUTE 4

Note: Thespacingsshownonthisfigureareforruralintersections. SeeSections2D.29,2D.30,2D.322D.34,2D.40,and2D.42 forlow-speedand/orurbanconditions.

Figure 2D-6. Illustration of Directional Assemblies and Other Route Signs (For One Direction of Travel Only) (Sheet 3 of 4)

December, 2011 2D-16 G o S d 1 t a 2 J h STATEROUTE 6 4 STATEROUTE 2 a l 4 m l s e h e s a m 2 o d a G J 2 1 t 6 S

H U T SO 200feet 4 200feet Minimum Minimum

300feet + 300feet +

25to200feet S O U T H 25to200feet 4

EASTAST SOUTHOUTH 68 4

200feet Minimum

400feet Minimum

N e wU l m Cobden 200feet Minimum

H T Note:Thespacingsshownonthisfigurearefor U O ruralintersections.SeeSections2D.29, S H T 2D.30,2D.322D.34,2D.40,and2D.42for R 4 O low-speedand/orurbanconditions. N R I G 5 LA H 6 N T E L E L F A T STATEROUTE N 4&68 E 2

. v e R

N M Figure 2D-6. Illustration of Directional Assemblies and Other Route Signs (For One Direction of Travel Only) (Sheet 4 of 4)

2D-17 July, 2013 OPTION:OPTION:

INTERSTATE The Advance Route Turn assembly may be used to 94 supplement the required Junction assembly in advance of intersecting routes. 63 72 28 GGUIDANCE:UIDANCE: Where a multiple-lane highway approaches an interchange or intersection with a numbered route, the Advance Route Turn assembly should be used to pre- position turning vehicles in the correct lanes from which to Examples of Junction Assemblies make their turn. GUIDANCE:GUIDANCE: OPTION:PTION:

In urban areas, the Junction assembly should be installed Lane Designation auxiliary signs (see Section 2D.27) in the block preceding the intersection. In urban areas where may be used in Advance Route Turn Assemblies in place of speeds are low, the Junction assembly should not be installed the Advance Turn Arrow auxiliary signs where engineering more than 300 feet in advance of the intersection. judgment indicates that specific lane information associated with each route is needed and overhead signing is not In rural areas, the Junction assembly should be installed practical and the designated lane is a mandatory movement at least 400 feet in advance of the intersection. In rural areas, lane. An assembly with the Lane Designation auxiliary signs the minimum distance between a Junction assembly and may supplement or substitute for an assembly with Advance either a Destination sign or an Advance Route Turn Turn Arrow auxiliary signs. assembly should be 200 feet. GGUIDANCE:UIDANCE: Where speeds are high, greater spacings should be used. OPTION:OPTION: In low-speed areas, the Advance Route Turn assembly should be installed not less than 200 feet in advance of the Where two or more routes are to be indicated, a single turn. In high-speed areas, the Advance Route Turn assembly Junction auxiliary sign may be used for the assembly and all should be installed not less than 300 feet in advance of the route signs grouped in a single mounting, or a Combination turn. In rural areas, the minimum distance between an Junction (M2-2) sign (see Section 2D.14) may be used. Advance Route Turn assembly and either a Destination sign or a Junction assembly should be 200 feet. 2D.31 Advance Route Turn Assembly SSTANDARD:TANDARD: STANDARD:STANDARD: An assembly that includes an Advance Turn Arrow An Advance Route Turn assembly shall consist of a route auxiliary sign shall not be placed where there is an intersec - sign, an Advance Turn Arrow or word message auxiliary tion between it and the designated turn. sign, and a Cardinal Direction auxiliary sign, if needed. It GGUIDANCE:UIDANCE: shall be installed in advance of an intersection where a turn must be made to remain on the indicated route. Sufficient distance should be allowed between the N ORTH S OUTH assembly and any preceding intersection that could be mistaken for the indicated turn. 61 63 N ORTH S OUTHOUTH 63 43 25

Examples of Advance Route Turn Assemblies

December, 2011 2D-18 2D.32 Directional Assembly GGUIDANCE:UIDANCE: STANDARD:STANDARD: Straight-through movements should be indicated by a Directional assembly with a route sign displaying the A Directional assembly shall consist of a Cardinal number of the continuing route and a vertical upward Direction auxiliary sign, if needed; a route sign; and a pointing arrow. A Directional assembly should not be used Directional Arrow auxiliary sign. The various uses of for a straight-through movement in the absence of other Directional assemblies shall be as provided in Items A assemblies indicating right or left turns, as the Confirming through D: assembly sign beyond the intersection normally provides adequate guidance. A. Turn movements (indicated in advance by an Advance Route Turn assembly) shall be marked by a Directional assemblies should be located in advance of Directional assembly with a route sign displaying the the intersection or on the near right corner of the intersection number of the turning route and a single-headed arrow if approaching traffic must stop . At major intersections and pointing in the direction of the turn. at Y or offset intersections, additional Directional assemblies B. The beginning of a route (indicated in advance by a should be installed on the far right or left corner to confirm Junction assembly) shall be marked by a Directional the near-side assemblies. When the near-corner position is assembly with a route sign displaying the number of not practical for Directional assemblies, the far right corner that route and a single-headed arrow pointing in the should be the preferred alternative, with oversized signs, if necessary, for legibility. Where unusual conditions exist, the direction of the route. location of a Directional assembly should be determined by C. An intersected route (indicated in advance by a engineering judgment with the goal being to provide the best Junction assembly) on a crossroad where the route is possible combination of view and safety. designated on both legs shall be designated by: SUPPORT:SUPPORT: 1. Two Directional assemblies, each with a route sign displaying the number of the intersected route, a It is more important that guide signs be readable, and that Cardinal Direction auxiliary sign, and a single- the information and direction displayed thereon be readily headed arrow pointing in the direction of understood, at the appropriate time and place than to be movement on that route; or located with absolute uniformity. 2. A Directional assembly with a route sign displaying Figure 2D-6 shows typical placements of Directional the number of the intersected route and a double- assemblies. headed arrow, pointing at appropriate angles to the left, right, or ahead. 2D.33 Combination Lane-Use/Destination D. An intersected route (indicated in advance by a Junction assembly) on a side road or on a crossroad Overhead Guide Sign (D15-1) where the route is designated only on one of the legs OPTION:OPTION: shall be designated by a Directional assembly with a route sign displaying the number of the intersected At complex intersection approaches involving multiple route, a Cardinal Direction auxiliary sign, and a turn lanes and destinations, a Combination Lane- single-headed arrow pointing in the direction of Use/Destination (D15-1) overhead guide sign that combines movement on that route. a lane-use regulatory sign with destination information such . as a cardinal direction, a route number, a street name, and/or a place name may be used. N ORTH S OUTH SUPPORT:SUPPORT: 61 63 At such locations, the combined information on the D15- N ORTH S OUTHOUTH 1 signs can be even more effective than separate lane-use and guide signs for conveying to unfamiliar drivers which 63 43 25 lane or lanes to use for a particular destination. Figure 2D-7 shows an example of a D15-1 sign that combines lane-use and route number information and an example of a D15-1 sign that combines lane-use and street name information.

Examples of Directional Assemblies

2D-19 December, 2011 Ma rs ha ll Ro sc oe Ba la to n 61 Da rw in Co ld Sp ri ng Tr ac y D1-1 D1-2 D1-3

ON LY Ba rr et t5 OR Fo re st on 7 He rm an 13 Al ba ny 15 G ilm an 3 Ho ff ma n4 Gl en w ood D1-1a D1-2a D1-3a Av e

13 Ha st in gs ON LY As ko v 8 Re dW in g 41 St ill wa te r 10 Du lu th 65 Wi nona 10 4 D15-1 D2-1 D2-2 D2-3

Figure 2D-7. Destination and Distance Signs

STANDARD:STANDARD: SOUTHOUTH The Combination Lane-Use/Destination (D15-1) overhead guide sign shall be used only where the designated 27 lane is a mandatory movement lane. The D15-1 sign shall not be used for lanes with optional movements. The D15-1 sign shall have a green background with a 43 white border. As shown in Figure 2D-7, the lane-use sign (see Chapter 2B) shall be placed near the bottom of the sign and the destination information shall be placed near the top of the sign. The D15-1 sign shall be located approximately over the center of the lane to which it applies. Example of Confirming or 2D.34 Confirming or Reassurance Reassurance Assembly

Assemblies GGUIDANCE:UIDANCE: STANDARD:STANDARD: A Confirming assembly should be installed just beyond If used, Confirming or Reassurance assemblies shall intersections of numbered routes. It should be placed 25 to consist of a Cardinal Direction auxiliary sign and a route 200 feet beyond the far shoulder or curb line of the sign. Where the Confirming or Reassurance assembly is for intersected highway. an alternative route, the appropriate auxiliary sign for an If used, Reassurance assemblies should be installed alternative route (see Section 2D.16) shall also be included between intersections in urban areas as needed, and beyond in the assembly. the built-up area of any incorporated city or town. Route signs for either confirming or reassurance purposes should be spaced at such intervals as necessary to keep road users informed of their routes.

December, 2011 2D-20 2D.35 Trailblazer Assembly 2D.36 Destination and Distance Signs SUPPORT:SUPPORT: SUPPORT:SUPPORT:

Trailblazer assemblies provide directional guidance to a In addition to guidance by route numbers, it is desirable particular road facility from other highways in the vicinity. to supply the road user information concerning the destina - This guidance is accomplished by installing Trailblazer tions that can be reached by way of numbered or assemblies at strategic locations to indicate the direction to unnumbered routes. This is done by means of Destination the nearest or most convenient point of access. The use of signs and Distance signs. the word TO indicates that the road or street where the sign OPTION:OPTION: is posted is not a part of the indicated route, and that a road user is merely being directed progressively to the route. Route shields and cardinal directions may be included on STANDARD:STANDARD: the Destination sign with the destinations and arrows. GGUIDANCE:UIDANCE: A Trailblazer assembly shall consist of a TO auxiliary If Route shields and cardinal directions are included on a sign, a route sign for a numbered or named highway (see Destination sign, the height of the route shields should be at Section 2D.53) or an Auto Tour Route sign (see Section least two times the height of the upper-case letters of the 2H.07), and a single-headed Directional Arrow auxiliary principal legend and not less than 18 inches, and the cardinal sign pointing in the direction leading to the route. Where the directions should be in all upper-case letters that are at least Trailblazer assembly is for an alternative route, the the minimum height specified for these signs. appropriate auxiliary sign for an alternative route (see Section 2D.16) shall also be included in the assembly. 2D.37 Destination Signs (D1 Series) TO SSTANDARD:TANDARD: Except on approaches to interchanges (see Section 2D.45), the Destination (D1-1 through D1-3) sign (see Figure 2D-7), if used, shall be a horizontal rectangle displaying the name of a city, town, village, or other traffic generator, and a directional arrow. OPTION:OPTION:

The distance (see Section 2D.41) to the place named may also be displayed on the Destination (D1-1a through D1-3a) Example of Trailblazer Assembly sign (see Figure 2D-7). If several destinations are to be displayed at a single point, the several names may be placed OPTION:OPTION: on a single sign with an arrow (and the distance, if desired) A Cardinal Direction auxiliary sign may be used with a for each name. If more than one destination lies in the same Trailblazer assembly. direction, a single arrow may be used for such a group of destinations. GUIDANCE:GUIDANCE: GGUIDANCE:UIDANCE: The TO auxiliary sign, Cardinal Direction auxiliary sign, and Directional Arrow auxiliary sign should be of the Adequate separation should be made between any desti - standard size provided for auxiliary signs of their respective nations or group of destinations in one direction and those in type. The route sign should be the size provided in Section other directions by suitable design of the arrow, spacing of 2D.11. lines of legend, heavy lines entirely across the sign, or separate signs. OPTION:OPTION: SUPPORT:SUPPORT: Trailblazer assemblies may be installed with other Route Sign assemblies, or alone, in the immediate vicinity of the Separation of destinations by direction by the use of a designated facilities. horizontal separator line can enhance the readability of a Destination sign by relating an arrow and its corresponding destination(s) and by eliminating the need for multiple arrows that point in the same direction and excessive space between lines of legend.

2D-21 December, 2011 STANDARD:STANDARD: GGUIDANCE:UIDANCE:

Except as otherwise provided in this Manual, an arrow The closest destination lying straight ahead should be at pointing to the right shall be at the extreme right of the sign, the top of the sign or assembly, and below it the closest des - and an arrow pointing left or up shall be at the extreme left. tinations to the left and to the right, in that order. The The distance numerals, if used, shall be placed to the right of destination displayed for each direction should ordinarily be the destination names. the next county seat or the next principal city, rather than a more distant destination. In the case of overlapping routes, OPTION:OPTION: only one destination should be displayed in each direction An arrow pointing up may be placed at the extreme right for each route. of the sign when the sign is mounted to the left of the traffic SSTANDARD:TANDARD: to which it applies. GUIDANCE:GUIDANCE: If more than one destination is displayed in the same direction, the name of a nearer destination shall be displayed Unless a sloping arrow will convey a clearer indication of above the name of a destination that is further away. the direction to be followed, the directional arrows should be horizontal or vertical. 2D.38 Destination Signs at Circular If several individual name signs are assembled into a Intersections group, all signs in the assembly should be of the same SSTANDARD:TANDARD: horizontal width. Destination signs that are used at circular intersections Destination signs should be used: shall comply with the provisions of Section 2D.37, except as A. At the intersections of U.S. or State numbered routes provided in this Section. with Interstate, U.S., or State numbered routes; and OPTION:OPTION: B. At points where they serve to direct traffic from U.S. or State numbered routes to the business section of Exit destination (D1-1d, D1-1e) signs (see Figure 2D-8) towns, or to other destinations reached by with diagonal upward-pointing arrows or Directional unnumbered routes. assemblies (see Section 2D.32) may be used to designate a STANDARD:STANDARD: particular exit from a circular intersection.

Where a total of three or less destinations are provided on Exit destination (D1-2d, D1-3d) signs (see Figure 2D-8) the Advance Guide (see Section 2E.33) and Supplemental with curved-stem arrows may be used on approaches to Guide (see Section 2E.35) signs, no more than three circular intersections to represent the left-turn movements. destination names shall be used on a Destination sign. Curved-stem arrows on circular intersection destination Where four destinations are provided by the Advance Guide signs may point in diagonal directions to depict the location and Supplemental Guide signs, no more than four of an exit relative to the approach roadway and entry into the destination names shall be used on a Destination sign. intersection. GUIDANCE:GUIDANCE: Exit destination (D1-4 or D1-5) signs (see Figure 2D-8) If space permits, four destinations should be displayed as with a diagram of the circular intersection may be used on two separate signs at two separate locations. approaches to circular intersections. OPTION:OPTION: GGUIDANCE:UIDANCE:

Where space does not permit, or where all four destina - If curved-stem arrows are used on destination signs, then tions are in one direction, a single sign may be used. Where this arrow type should also be used consistently on any a single sign is used and all destinations are in the same regulatory lane-use signs (see Chapter 2B), Directional direction, the arrow may be placed below the destinations assemblies (see Section 2D.32), and pavement markings for the purpose of enhancing the conspicuity of the arrow. (see Part 3) for a particular destination or movement. STANDARD:STANDARD: SUPPORT:SUPPORT:

Where a single four-name sign assembly is used, a heavy Figure 2D-9 illustrates two examples of guide signing for line entirely across the sign or separate signs shall be used to circular intersections. separate destinations by direction. Diagrammatic guide signs might be preferable where space is available and where the geometry of the circular

December, 2011 2D-22 Redmond N ORTH Amity Bend

Fro n tAve G ro t hG ro v e Tw i nFa l l s Burns

D1-1d D1-1e D1-2d D1-3d 1

. v e R

N M N ORTH TO 322 301

W EST E AST Rosa n dRd 220 220 W EST H a m m a nD r Forsberg Burke E AST

D1-4 D1-5

Figure 2D-8. Destination Signs for Roundabouts

intersection is non-typical, such as where more than four 2D.39 Destination Signs at Jughandles legs are present or where the legs are not at approximately SSTANDARD:TANDARD: 90-degree angles to each other. STANDARD:STANDARD: Destination signs that are used at jughandles shall comply with the provisions of Section 2D.37, except as provided in If used, diagrammatic guide signs for circular intersec - this Section. tions shall not depict the number of lanes within the inter - OPTION:OPTION: section circulatory roadway, or on its approaches or exits, through the use of lane lines, multiple arrow shafts for the If engineering judgment indicates that standard same movement, or other methods. destination signs alone are insufficient to direct road users to their destinations at a jughandle, a diagrammatic guide sign SUPPORT:SUPPORT: depicting the appropriate geometry may be used to Chapter 2B contains information regarding regulatory supplement the normal destination signs. signs at circular intersections, Chapter 2C contains SUPPORT:SUPPORT: information regarding warning signs at circular intersec - tions, and Chapter 3C contains information regarding Section 2B.27 contains information regarding regulatory pavement markings at circular intersections. signs for jughandle turns. Figure 2B-9 shows examples of regulatory and destination guide signing for various types of jughandle turns.

2D-23 July, 2012 StateRoute17

Eureka 8 Benson 65

200feet Minimum

NORTHORTH 17

300feet +

25to200 feet

bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdcbdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdcbdc

bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc

bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdcbdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc H bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdcbdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc T

2 bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc R bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc O 3 bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdcbdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc N bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdcbdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc

bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdcbdc

bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdcbdc 7

3 bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc 1

E W

aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aaaa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aaaa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aaaa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aaaa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aaaa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aaaa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a a a a a a a a a a a a aaaa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aaaa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aaaa a a cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aaaa cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb aaaa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aaaa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aaaa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb U.S.Route13 cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb U.S.Route13 cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a a a a a a aaaa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a a a a a a a a aaaa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a a a a a a a a a a a aaaa a a a a a a a a cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aaaa a a a a a a cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aaaa a a a a cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aaaa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aaaa StateRoute32 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb aaa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a aaaa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a a a aaaa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a a a a a aaaa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aaaa a a a a a a a a a a a a cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a a a a a a a a a aaaa a a a a a a a a a a cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a a a a a a a a a a a aaaa a a a a a a a a cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aaaa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aaaa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aaaa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aaa E a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a A S T

1 3 7

S S

O O

U U

T bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc H H

3 bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdcbdc cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb 2 bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc cdb cdb cdb bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc cdb cdb cdb cdbcdb cdb bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc cdb cdb cdb cdbcdb cdb

bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc cdb cdb cdb cdb cdbcdb

E E bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc

bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdcbdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb A

A bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb

S S bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb 100to200 T

T bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb feet

Amity Amity OR Tw i nFa l l s Tw i nFa l l s

200feet Minimum Notes:1. Thespacingsshownonthisfigureare W EST forruralintersections.SeeSections 400feet 2D.29,2D.30,2D.32,2D.34,2D.40, Minimum 13 and2D.42forlow-speedand/orurban NORTHORTH E AS T conditions 2.Signsshownforonlyonedirection. 32 17 13 SeeChapter2Bforregulatorysigns andChapter2Cforwarningsignsat roundabouts.SeeChapter2Cfor 200feet detailsonmarkings. Minimum OR

StateRoutes 32&17

Figure 2D-9. Examples of Guide Signs for Roundabouts (Sheet 1 of 2)

December, 2011 2D-24 StateRoute17

Eu reka 8 Be nson 65

200feet Minimum

NORTHORTH 17

300feet +

25to200 feet

bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdcbdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdcbdc

bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc

bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdcbdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc H

bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdcbdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc T

bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdcbdc

bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdcbdc

bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc 7

3 1

E W

a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aaaa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aaaa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aaaa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a aaaa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a a a a a aaaa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aaaa a a a a a a a a a a a a bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aaaa a a a a a a a a a a bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aaaa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc U.S.Route13 cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc U.S.Route13 cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aaaa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a aaaa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a bdc a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a StateRoute32 a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a a a a a aaaa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a a a a a a a a a aaaa a a a a a a a a a a bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aaaa a a a a a a a a bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aaaa a a a a a cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb cdb a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aaaa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a E a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a A S T

1 3 7

S S

O O

U U

T bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc H H

3 bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdcbdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc 2 bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdcbdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdcbdc bdc

bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdcbdc

bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdcbdc E

E bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc

bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdcbdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc A

A bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc

S S bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc 100to200 T

T bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc bdc feet

Amity Amity OR Tw i nFa l l s Tw i nFa l l s

StateRoutes 32&17

Figure 2D-9. Examples of Guide Signs for Roundabouts (Sheet 2 of 2)

2D-25 December, 2011 2D.40 Location of Destination Signs relation to the highway being signed and the decision based on where it appears that most drivers would feel that they are GUIDANCE:GUIDANCE: in the center of the community in question. When used in high-speed areas, Destination signs should The top name on the Distance sign should be that of the be located 200 feet or more in advance of the intersection, next place on the route having a post office or a railroad and following any Junction or Advance Route Turn station, a route number or name of an intersected highway, assemblies that might be required. In rural areas, the or any other significant geographical identity. The bottom minimum distance between a Destination sign and either an name on the sign should be that of the next major destination Advance Route Turn assembly or a Junction assembly or control city. If three destinations are displayed, the middle should be 200 feet. line should be used to indicate communities of general interest along the route or important route junctions. OPTION:PTION: OPTION:OPTION: In urban areas, shorter advance distances may be used. The choice of names for the middle line may be varied on Because the Destination sign is of lesser importance than successive Distance signs to give road users additional the Junction, Advance Route Turn, or Directional information concerning communities served by the route. assemblies, the Destination sign may be eliminated when GGUIDANCE:UIDANCE: sign spacing is critical. SUPPORT:UPPORT: The control city should remain the same on all successive Distance signs throughout the length of the route until that Figure 2D-6 shows typical placements of Destination city is reached. signs. OPTION:OPTION:

2D.41 Distance Signs (D2 Series) If more than one distant point may properly be STANDARD:STANDARD: designated, such as where the route divides at some distance ahead to serve two destinations of similar importance, and if these two destinations cannot appear on the same sign, the If used, the Distance (D2-1 through D2-3) sign shall be a two names may be alternated on successive signs. horizontal rectangle of a size appropriate for the required legend, carrying the names of no more than three cities, On a route continuing into another State, destinations in towns, junctions, or other traffic generators, and the distance the adjacent State may be displayed. (to the nearest mile) to those places. 2D.42 Location of Distance Signs The distance numerals shall be placed to the right of the destination names as shown in Figure 2D-7.. GGUIDANCE:UIDANCE: A s k o v8 If used, Distance signs should be installed on important routes leaving municipalities and just beyond intersections S t i l l w a t e r1 0 Duluth 65 of numbered routes in rural areas. If used, they should be placed just outside the municipal limits or at the edge of the D2-1 D2-2 built-up area if it extends beyond the limits. Where overlapping routes separate a short distance from Hastings 13 the municipal limits, the Distance sign at the municipal R e dW i n g4 2 limits should be omitted. The Distance sign should be installed approximately 90 m (300 ft) beyond the separation W i n o n a1 0 4 of the two routes. Where, just outside of an incorporated municipality, two D2-3 routes are concurrent and continue concurrently to the next incorporated municipality, the top name on the Distance sign GUIDANCE:GUIDANCE: should be that of the place where the routes separate; the The distance displayed should be selected on a case-by- bottom name should be that of the city to which the greater case basis by the jurisdiction that owns the road or by part of the through traffic is destined. statewide policy. A well-defined central area or central SUPPORT:SUPPORT: business district should be used where one exists. In other cases, the layout of the community should be considered in Figure 2D-6 shows typical placements of Distance signs.

December, 2011 2D-26 RecommendedMinimum TypeofMounting TypeofStreetorHighway SpeedLimit LetterHeight InitialUpper-Case Lower-Case Overhead Alltypes Allspeedlimits 12inches 9inches Post-Mounted Multi-lane Morethan40mph 8inches 6inches PostMounted Multi-lane 40mphorless 6inches 4.5inches Post-Mounted 2-lane Allspeedlimits 6inches**4.5inches *Onlocaltwo-lanestreetswithspeedlimitsof25mphorless, 4-inchinitialupper-caseletterswith3-inchlower-caselettersmaybeused.

Table 2D-2. Recommended Minimum Letter Heights on Street Name Signs

2D.43 Street Name Sign (D3-1or D3-1a) 56 GUIDANCE:GUIDANCE: E Winchester St

Street Name (D3-1 or D3-1a) signs should be installed in urban areas at all street intersections regardless of other D3-1a route signs that might be present and should be installed in OPTION:OPTION: rural areas to identify important roads that are not otherwise signed. For local roads with speed limits of 25 mph or less, the 2

. lettering on post-mounted Street Name signs may be v OPTION:OPTION: e R

N composed of initial upper-case letters at least 4 inches in M For streets that are part of a U.S., State, or county height and lower-case letters at least 3 inches in height. numbered route, a D3-1a Street Name sign that incorporates GGUIDANCE:UIDANCE: a route shield may be used to assist road users who might not otherwise be able to associate the name of the street with the If overhead Street Name signs are used, the lettering route number. should be composed of initial upper-case letters at least 12 inches in height and lower-case letters at least 9 inches in STANDARD:STANDARD: height. SUPPORT:SUPPORT: The lettering for names of streets and highways on Street Name signs shall be composed of a combination of lower- The recommended minimum letter heights for Street case letters with initial upper-case letters (see Section Name signs are summarized in Table 2D-2. 2A.13). OPTION:OPTION: GUIDANCE:GUIDANCE: Supplementary lettering to indicate the type of street Lettering on post-mounted Street Name signs should be (such as Street, Avenue, or Road) or the section of the city composed of initial upper-case letters at least 6 inches in (such as NW) on the D3-1 and D3-1a signs may be in height and lower-case letters at least 4.5 inches in height. smaller lettering, composed of initial upper-case letters at least 3 inches in height and lower-case letters at least 2.25

1 On multi-lane streets with speed limits greater than 40

. v e inches in height. Conventional abbreviations (see Section R

mph, the lettering on post-mounted Street Name signs N M should be composed of initial upper-case letters at least 8 1A.15) may be used except for the street name itself. inches in height and lower-case letters at least 6 inches in A pictograph (see definition in Section 1A.13) may be height. used on a D3-1 sign. SSTANDARD:TANDARD: 1

. v e E Main St R Pictographs shall not be displayed on D3-1a or Advance N M Street Name (D3-2) signs (see Section 2D.44). D3-1 If a pictograph is used on a D3-1 sign, the height and width of the pictograph shall not exceed the upper-case letter height of the principal legend of the sign.

2D-27 July, 2013 GUIDANCE:GUIDANCE: Street Name signs for signalized and other major intersec - tions are not used, the use of overhead Street Name signs The pictograph should be positioned to the left of the should be strongly considered. street name. OPTION:OPTION: STANDARD:STANDARD: At intersection crossroads where the same road has two The Street Name sign shall be retroreflective or different street names for each direction of travel, both street illuminated to show the same shape and similar color both names may be displayed on the same sign along with day and night. The color of the legend (and border, if used) directional arrows. shall contrast with the background color of the sign. On lower speed roadways, historic street name signs OPTION:OPTION: within locally identified historic districts that are consistent with the criteria contained in 36 CFR 60.4 for such The border may be omitted from a Street Name sign. structures and districts may be used without complying with An alternative background color other than the normal the provisions of the 1st Standard; 2nd Guidance, 1st guide sign color of green may be used for Street Name (D3- paragraph; 2nd Option; 3rd Option, 1st paragraph; 2nd 1 or D3-1a) signs where the highway agency determines this Standard, 2nd paragraph; 4th Guidance; 3rd Standard; 4th is necessary to assist road users in determining jurisdiction - Standard, 2nd paragraph; and 5th Guidance of this section. al authority for roads. SUPPORT:SUPPORT: 1

. v e R

STANDARD:STANDARD: Information regarding the use of street names on supple - N M mental plaques for use with intersection-related warning Alternative background colors shall not be used for signs is contained in Section 2C.58. Advance Street Name (D3-2) signs (see Section 2D.44). The only acceptable alternative background colors for 2D.44 Advance Street Name Sign (D3-2) Street Name (D3-1 or D3-1a) signs shall be blue, brown, or SUPPORT:SUPPORT: white. Regardless of whether green, blue, or brown is used as the background color for Street Name (D3-1 or D3-1a) Advance Street Name (D3-2) signs identify an upcoming signs, the legend (and border, if used) shall be white. For intersection. Although this is often the next intersection, it Street Name signs that use a white background, the legend could also be several intersections away in cases where the (and border, if used) shall be black. next signalized intersection is referenced. GUIDANCE:GUIDANCE: SSTANDARD:TANDARD:

An alternative background color for Street Name signs, if Advance Street Name (D3-2) signs, if used, shall used, should be applied to the Street Name (D3-1 or D3-1a) supplement rather than be used instead of the Street Name signs on all roadways under the jurisdiction of a particular (D3-1) signs at the intersection. highway agency. In business or commercial areas and on principal arterials, Shady` Grove Rd Street Name signs should be placed at least on diagonally NEXT` INTERSECTION opposite corners. In residential areas, at least one Street Pleasant` St Name sign should be mounted at each intersection. Signs OR naming both streets should be installed at each intersection. 2ND`INTERSECTION They should be mounted with their faces parallel to the 3

. v streets they name. D3-2 D3-2 e R

OPTION:OPTION: M OR To optimize visibility, Street Name signs may be mounted overhead. Street Name signs may also be placed above a C e n t u ryD r ScottB l vd regulatory or STOP or YIELD sign with no required vertical separation. 1 4 t hSt L i n co l nAve GUIDANCE:GUIDANCE: N E XTR O U N D A B O U T OR N E XTS I G N A L In urban or suburban areas, especially where Advance D3-2 D3-2

January, 2014 2D-28 OPTION:OPTION: GGUIDANCE:UIDANCE:

Advance Street Name (D3-2) signs may be installed in If two street names are used on the Advance Street Name advance of signalized or unsignalized intersections to sign, the street names should be displayed in the following provide road users with advance information to identify the order: name(s) of the next intersecting street to prepare for crossing A. For a single intersection where the same road has a traffic and to facilitate timely deceleration and/or lane different street name for each direction of travel, the changing in preparation for a turn. name of the street to the left should be displayed GUIDANCE:GUIDANCE: above the name of the street to the right; or B. for two closely-spaced intersections, the name of the On arterial highways in rural areas, Advance Street Name first street encountered should be displayed above the signs should be used in advance of all signalized intersec - name of the second street encountered, and the arrow tions and in advance of all intersections with exclusive turn associated with the second street encountered should lanes. be an advance arrow, such as the arrow shown on the In urban areas, Advance Street Name signs should be W16-6P arrow plaque (see Figure 2C-12). used in advance of all signalized intersections on major OPTION:OPTION: arterial streets, except where signalized intersections are so An Advance Street Name (W16-8P or W16-8aP) plaque closely spaced that advance placement of the signs is (see Section 2C.58) with black legend on a yellow impractical. background, installed supplemental to an Intersection (W2 The heights of the letters on Advance Street Name signs series) or Advance Traffic Control (W3 series) warning sign should be the same as those used for Street Name signs (see may be used instead of an Advance Street Name guide sign. Section 2D.43).

2D.45 Signing on Conventional Roads on 1

. STANDARD:STANDARD: v e R Approaches to Interchanges N

SUPPORT:SUPPORT: M If used, Advance Street Name signs shall have a white legend and border on a green background. Because there are a number of different ramp configura - If used, Advance Street Name signs shall provide the tions that are commonly used at interchanges with conven - name(s) of the intersecting street(s) on the top line(s) of the tional roads, drivers on the conventional road cannot reliably legend and the distance to the intersecting streets or predict whether they will be required to turn left or right in messages such as NEXT SIGNAL, NEXT INTERSEC - order to enter the correct ramp to access the freeway or TION, NEXT ROUNDABOUT, or directional arrow(s) on expressway in the desired direction of travel. Consistently the bottom line of the legend. applied signing for conventional road approaches to freeway or expressway interchanges is highly desirable. Pictographs shall not be displayed on Advance Street SSTANDARD:TANDARD: Name signs. OPTION:OPTION: On multi-lane conventional roads approaching an interchange, guide signs shall be provided to identify which Directional arrow(s) may be placed to the right or left of direction of turn is to be made and/or which specific lane to the street name or message such as NEXT SIGNAL, as use for ramp access to each direction of the freeway or appropriate, rather than on the bottom line of the legend. expressway. Curved-stem arrows may be used on Advance Street Name GGUIDANCE:UIDANCE: signs on approaches to circular intersections. The signing of conventional roads with one lane of traffic For intersecting crossroads where the same road has a approaching an interchange should consist of a sequence different street name for each direction of travel, the containing the following signs (see Figure 2D-11): different street names may be displayed on the same A. Junction Assembly Advance Street Name sign along with directional arrows. B. Destination sign In advance of two closely-spaced intersections where it is C. Directional Assembly or Entrance Direction sign for not practical to install separate Advance Street Name signs, the first ramp the Advance Street Name sign may include the street names D. Advance Route Turn Assembly or Advance Entrance for both intersections along with appropriate supplemental Direction sign with an advance turn arrow legends for both street names, such as NEXT INTERSEC - E. Directional Assembly or Entrance Direction sign for TION, 2ND INTERSECTION, or NEXT LEFT and NEXT the second ramp RIGHT, or directional arrows.

2D-29 July, 2012 NORTHORTH

(optional)

N ORTH

Champaign

NORTHORTH N ORTH

NORTHORTH SOUTHOUTH N ORTH

N ORTH S OUTH OR OR

S OUTH

Figure 2D-11. Example of Interchange Crossroad Signing for a One-Lane Approach

December, 2011 2D-30 NORTHORTH

I-25

NORTHORTH SOUTHOUTH

* Optionalsupplementallocation

Figure 2D-12. Example of Minor Interchange Crossroad Signing

STANDARD:STANDARD: GGUIDANCE:UIDANCE:

If used, the Entrance Direction sign shall consist of a On multi-lane conventional roads approaching an white legend and border on a green background. It shall interchange, the sign sequence should contain the following contain the freeway or expressway route shield(s), cardinal signs (see Figures 2D-13 through 2D-15): direction, and directional arrow(s). A. Junction Assembly OPTION:OPTION: B. Advance Entrance Direction sign(s) for both directions (if applicable) of travel on the freeway or The Entrance Direction sign may contain a destination(s) expressway and/or an action message such as NEXT RIGHT. C. Entrance Direction sign for first ramp At minor interchanges, the following sequence of signs D. Advance Turn Assembly may be used (see Figure 2D-12): E. Entrance Direction sign for the second ramp SUPPORT:SUPPORT: A. Junction Assembly B. Directional Assembly for the first ramp Advance Entrance Direction signs are used to direct road C. Directional Assembly for the second ramp users to the appropriate lane(s).

2D-31 December, 2011 W W E ST ESTEST 64 64 Calebaugh

I-64

OVERHEAD WESTEST W EST 64 OR 64 Calebaugh N E XTL E FT

W EST OVERHEAD 64 E AST Calebaugh 64 OR E AST Anderson 64 Anderson

W EST 64

Calebaugh W EST E AST K E E PL E FT 64 OR KEEP KEEP 64 LEFT RIGHT Anderson K E E PR I G H T

OR 64 64

Figure 2D-13. Example of Multi-Lane Crossroad Signing for a Diamond Interchange

December, 2011 2D-32 NORTHORTH FREEWAY FREEWAY OR ENTRANCE OR ENTRANCE 91 D13-3 D13-3a

N ORTH 91 Gustafson

I-91

NORTHORTH 91

OVERHEAD N ORTH 91 S OUTH N ORTH 91 91 Gustafson FREEWAY OR Culver Gustafson D13-3 S OUTH ENTRANCE 91 N E XTL E FT OR Culver FREEWAY D13-3a ENTRANCE N ORTH 91 OR Gustafson S OUTHOUTH S E C O N DL E FT 91 S OUTH 91 Culver N E XTL E FT

OR 91 91

Figure 2D-14. Example of Multi-Lane Crossroad Signing for a Partial Cloverleaf Interchange

2D-33 December, 2011 N ORTH

I-57

N ORTH locateonorinfrontofbridge iffreewaygoesovercrossroad Bartelt

S OUTH OVERHEAD

N ORTH S OUTH

Bartelt Ulven E XIT 1 4 MILE

N O RTH

Bartelt S E C O N DR I G H T OR Bartelt S OUTH Ulven E XITS 1 4 MILE Ulven N E XTR I G H T

Figure 2D-15. Examples of Multi-Lane Crossroad Signing for a Cloverleaf Interchange

December, 2011 2D-34 I-10

EASTAST FRONTAGEROAD W EST E AST 10 OR 10

E AST E A ST 10 10 OR 2ND RIGHT Frontage Road

Locationfordirectional * assemblyoralternate locationforguidesign dependingondistance 10 betweenrampandfrontage SeeFigures2D-11through roadintersections. 2D-15foradditionalsigning oncrossroadapproaches.

Figure 2D-16 Example of Crossroad Signing for an Entrance Ramp with a Nearby Frontage Road

STANDARD:STANDARD: intervening intersection on the same side of the approach roadway and where signing for only the ramp might cause The Advance Entrance Direction sign shall consist of a confusion to road users. white legend and border on a green background. It shall SSTANDARD:TANDARD: contain the freeway or expressway route shield(s) and cardinal direction(s). If used, the post-mounted Advance Entrance Direction OPTION:OPTION: diagrammatic guide sign shall display only the two successive turns from the same side of the roadway, one of The Advance Entrance Direction sign may have destina - which shall be the entrance ramp. The post-mounted tions, directional arrows, and/or an action message such as Advance Entrance Direction sign shall depict only the KEEP LEFT, NEXT LEFT, or SECOND RIGHT. Signs in successive turns and shall not depict lane use with lane lines, this sequence may be mounted overhead to improve multiple arrow shafts for the approach roadway, action visibility as shown in Figures 2D-13 through 2D-15. messages, or other representations. SUPPORT:SUPPORT: SUPPORT:SUPPORT: A post-mounted Advance Entrance Direction diagram - Section 2D.46 contains information regarding the use of a matic guide sign (see Figure 2D-16), within the sequence of Directional assembly or a FREEWAY ENTRANCE sign to approach guide signing described in Paragraphs 3, 6, and 7, mark the entrance to a freeway or expressway at the far might be helpful in depicting the location of a freeway or corner of an intersection. expressway entrance ramp that is in close proximity to an

2D-35 December, 2011 2D.46 Freeway Entrance Signs 2D.47 Parking Area Guide Sign (D4-1) (D13-3 and D13-3a)

FREEWAY ENTRANCE P FREEWAY ARKING ENTRANCE D4-1 D13-3 D13-3a OPTION:OPTION:

The Parking Area (D4-1) guide sign may be used to show OPTION:PTION: the direction to a nearby public parking area or parking facility. FREEWAY ENTRANCE (D13-3) signs or FREEWAY SSTANDARD:TANDARD: ENTRANCE with downward pointing diagonal arrow (D13-3a) signs may be used on entrance ramps near the If used, the Parking Area (D4-1) guide sign shall be a crossroad to inform road users of the freeway or expressway horizontal rectangle with a standard size of 30 x 24 inches, entrance, as appropriate. or with a smaller size of 18 x 15 inches for minor, low-speed The D13-3 and D13-3a signs may display an alternate streets. It shall carry the word PARKING, with the letter P legend in place of FREEWAY, such as EXPRESSWAY or five times the height of the remaining letters, and a PARKWAY, as appropriate, or may display the name of an directional arrow. The legend and border shall be green on a unnumbered highway. retroreflectorized white background. A Directional assembly (see Section 2D.32) with a GGUIDANCE:UIDANCE: downward pointing diagonal arrow auxiliary (M6-2a) sign If used, the Parking Area guide sign should be installed on (see Section 2D.28) may be used at the far left-hand corner major thoroughfares at the nearest point of access to the of an intersection with a freeway or expressway entrance parking facility and where it can advise drivers of a place to ramp as an alternative to the D13-3a sign, facing left-turning park. The sign should not be used more than four blocks traffic on the conventional road approach to indicate the from the parking area. immediate point of entry to the freeway or expressway and distinguish the entrance ramp from an adjoining exit ramp 2D.48 PARK - RIDE Sign (D4-2) terminal at the same intersection with the conventional road OPTION:OPTION: (see Figure 2D-14). A similar Directional assembly may be used at the far right-hand corner of an intersection with a PARK - RIDE (D4-2) signs may be used to direct road freeway or expressway entrance ramp where the entrance users to park - ride facilities. ramp and a crossroad or side road follow one another in close succession on the conventional road approach and the point of entry to the freeway or expressway might be difficult for the road user to distinguish from the crossroad or side road on the conventional road approach (see Figure PARK - 2D-14). SUPPORT:SUPPORT: RIDE

Section 2B.41 contains information regarding the use of regulatory signs to deter wrong-way movements at intersec - tions of freeway or expressway ramps with conventional D4-2 roads, and in the area where entrance ramps intersect with the mainline lanes. SSTANDARD:TANDARD: The signs shall contain the word message PARK - RIDE and direction information (arrow or word message).

December, 2011 2D-36 OPTION:OPTION: OPTION:OPTION:

PARK - RIDE signs may contain the local transit Where State law requires a regulatory sign (R13-X1) in 6

pictograph and/or carpool symbol on the sign. advance of the Weigh Station, a fourth sign (see Section v e R

STANDARD:STANDARD: 2B.60) may be located following the Advance sign. N M GGUIDANCE:UIDANCE: If used, the local transit pictograph and/or carpool symbol The Exit Direction sign (D8-2) or the Advance sign (D8- shall be located in the top part of the sign above the message 1) should display, either within the sign border or on a sup - PARK - RIDE. In no case shall the vertical dimension of the plemental plaque or sign panel, the changeable message local transit pictograph and/or carpool symbol exceed 18 OPEN or CLOSED. inches. GUIDANCE:GUIDANCE: 2D.50 Community Wayfinding Signs If the function of the parking facility is to provide parking SUPPORT:SUPPORT: for persons using public transportation, the local transit Community wayfinding guide signs are part of a pictograph should be used on the guide sign. If the function coordinated and continuous system of signs that direct of the parking facility is to serve carpool riders, the carpool tourists and other road users to key civic, cultural, visitor, symbol should be used on the guide sign. If the parking and recreational attractions and other destinations within a facility serves both functions, both the pictograph and city or a local urbanized or downtown area. carpool symbol should be used. Community wayfinding guide signs are a type of STANDARD:STANDARD: destination guide sign for conventional roads with a These signs shall have a retroreflective white legend and common color and/or identification enhancement marker for border on a rectangular green background. The carpool destinations within an overall wayfinding guide sign plan for symbol shall be as shown for the D4-2 sign. The color of the an area. local transit pictograph shall be selected by the local transit Figures 2D-18 through 2D-20 illustrate various examples authority. of the design and application of community wayfinding OPTION:OPTION: guide signs. To increase the target value and contrast of the local SSTANDARD:TANDARD: transit pictograph, and to allow the local transit pictograph to retain its distinctive color and shape, the pictograph may The use of community wayfinding guide signs shall be be included within a white border or placed on a white limited to conventional roads. Community wayfinding guide background. signs shall not be installed on freeway or expressway mainlines or ramps. Direction to community wayfinding 2D.49 Weigh Station Signing (D8 Series) destinations from a freeway or expressway shall be limited SUPPORT:SUPPORT: to the use of a Supplemental Guide sign (see Section 2E.35) on the mainline and a Destination sign (see Section 2D.37) The general concept for Weigh Station signing is similar on the ramp to direct road users to the area or areas within to Rest Area signing (see Section 2I.05) because in both which community wayfinding guide signs are used. The cases traffic using either area remains within the right-of- individual wayfinding destinations shall not be displayed on way. the Supplemental Guide and Destination signs except where STANDARD:STANDARD: the destinations are in accordance with the State or agency policy on Supplemental Guide signs. The standard installation for Weigh Station signing shall Community wayfinding guide signs shall not be used to include three basic signs: provide direction to primary destinations or highway routes A. Advance sign (D8-1); or streets. Destination or other guide signs shall be used for B. Exit Direction sign (D8-2), and this purpose as described elsewhere in this Chapter and shall C. Gore sign (D8-3). have priority over any community wayfinding sign in SUPPORT:SUPPORT: placement, prominence, and conspicuity. Example locations of these signs are shown in Figure 2D- Because regulatory, warning, and other guide signs have 17. a higher priority, community wayfinding guide signs shall not be installed where adequate spacing cannot be provided

2D-37 February, 2018 Legend Directiono ftravel S TAT ION

D8-3

800 feet Minimum NE XT R IGH T

D8-2

4000 feet Approximate

1m ile

T RU CK & COMBINATIONS O V E R 1 0,00 0 LB S MUST ENTE R W E I G H S TAT I O N W H E N F LA SH ING

R13-X1

IGH S TAT ION 1 MIL E D8-1 6

. v e R

N M Figure 2D-17. Example of Weigh Station Signing

February, 2018 2D-38 A -CommunityWayfindingGuideSignswithEnhancementMarkers ILT ILT M O M O A N A N H H SOUTHHILL Ove rl oo kPa rk G rea tFa l l s Community H i sto ri cD i st ri ct V i s i to rC e n te r Center Rog e rsLoco m ot i ve

C i tyH a l l

B-DestinationGuideSignsforColor-CodedCommunityWayfindingSystem Re n w i c kD i st ri cts Collegetown So u t hH i l l So u t hH i l l Lakefront Lakefront

Figure 2D-18 Examples of Community Wayfinding Guide Signs

between the community wayfinding guide sign and other direction to pedestrians or other users of a sidewalk or higher priority signs. Community wayfinding guide signs roadside area. shall not be installed in a position where they would obscure the road users' view of other traffic control devices. GGUIDANCE:UIDANCE: Community wayfinding guide signs shall not be mounted Because pedestrian wayfinding signs typically use overhead. smaller legends that are inadequately sized for viewing by GUIDANCE:GUIDANCE: vehicular traffic and because they can provide direction to pedestrians that might conflict with that appropriate for If used, a community wayfinding guide sign system vehicular traffic, wayfinding signs designed for and should be established on a local municipal or equivalent intended to provide direction to pedestrians or other users of jurisdictional level or for an urbanized area of adjoining a sidewalk or other roadside area should be located to municipalities or equivalent that form an identifiable minimize their conspicuity to vehicular traffic. Such signs geographic entity that is conducive to a cohesive and should be located as far as practical from the street, such as continuous system of signs. Community wayfinding guide at the far edge of the sidewalk. Where locating such signs signs should not be used on a regional or statewide basis farther from the roadway is not practical, the pedestrian where infrequent or sparse placement does not contribute to wayfinding signs should have their conspicuity to vehicular a continuous or coordinated system of signing that is readily traffic minimized by employing one or a combination of the identifiable as such to the road user. In such cases, following methods: Destination or other guide signs detailed in this Chapter A. Locating signs away from intersections where high- should be used to direct road users to an identifiable area in priority traffic control devices are present. which the type of eligible destination described in Paragraph B. Facing the pedestrian message toward the sidewalk one of the first Support is located. and away from the street. 2

. v SUPPORT:SUPPORT: e C. Cantilevering the sign over the sidewalk if the R

N pedestrian wayfinding sign is mounted at a height M The specific provisions of this Section regarding the consistent with vehicular traffic signs, removing the design of community wayfinding sign legends apply to pedestrian wayfinding signs from the line of sight in a vehicular community wayfinding signs and do not apply to sequence of vehicular signs. those signs that are intended only to provide information or

2D-39 July, 2013 IL M TO A N H ILT Ove rl oo kPa rk M O GREATFALLS A N V i s i to rC e n te r H Ove rl oo kPa rk IL M TO OVERLOOK V i s i to rC e n te r A N H PARK VISITOR Rogers P h oe n i xM i l l CENTER Locomotive PARKING PHOENIX IL M TO MILL A N H ROGERS LOCOMOTIVE P h oe n i xM i l l Ove rl oo kPa rk V i s i to rC e n te rl

IL M TO A N H Ove rl oo kPa rk V i s i to rC e n te r

Rog e rsLoco m ot i ve CITY HALL C i tyH a l l

IL M TO A N G rea tFa l l s H H i sto ri cD i st ri ct G rea tFa l l s H i sto ri cD i st ri ct DESTINATIONGUIDESIGN

G re a tFa l l s H i s t o r i cD i s t r i c t EXIT 57

SUPPLEMENTAL GUIDESIGN

Figure 2D-19 Example of a Community Wayfinding Guide Sign System Showing Direction from a Freeway or Expressway

To further minimize their conspicuity to vehicular traffic OPTION:OPTION: during nighttime conditions, pedestrian wayfinding signs At the boundaries of the geographical area within which should not be retroreflective. community wayfinding guide signing is used, an informa - SUPPORT:SUPPORT: tional guide sign (see Figures 2D-18 and 2D-20) may be posted to inform road users about the presence of Color coding is sometimes used on community wayfinding signing and to identify the meanings of the wayfinding guide signs to help road users distinguish various color codes or pictographs that are being used. between multiple potentially confusing traffic generator des - tinations located in different neighborhoods or subareas within a community or area.

December, 2011 2D-40 Lakefront COMMUNITY LAKEFRONT SOUTHHILL Overlook STEWART CENTER DOWNTOWN PARK CLINTON Cayuga HOUSE V i s i to rC e n te r Stewa rtPa rk

PARKING VISITOR CENTER

SouthHill C ommunity

Center Downtown C linton H ouse PARKING * So u t hH i l l ARTMUSEUM COLLEGETOWN Lakefront DESTINATIONGUIDESIGN PERFORMING ARTSCENTER

Collegetown * Performing Collegetown A rtsC e n te r DESTINATIONGUIDESIGN RENWICK A rtM u se u m CORPORATEBOUNDARY

Re n w i c kD i st ri cts ENTERING Renwick Collegetown So u t hH i l l GENERAL INFORMATION Lakefront Colorcodingpanelsareusedonly SIGN(seeSection2H.5) * whenoptionaldestinationguide signisusedatwayfindingboundary OPTIONAL DESTINATION GUIDESIGN ATWAYFINDING BOUNDARY (seeSection2D.3)

Figure 2D-20 Example of a Color-Coded Community Wayfinding Guide Sign System

STANDARD:STANDARD: apply to a specific, identifiable neighborhood or geographi - cal subarea within the overall area covered by the These informational guide signs shall have a white legend community wayfinding guide signing. Color coding or and border on a green background and shall have a design pictographs shall not be used to distinguish between similar to that illustrated in Figures 2D-1 and 2D-18 and different types of destinations that are within the same shall be consistent with the basic design principles for guide designated neighborhood or subarea. The color coding shall signs. These informational guide signs shall not be installed be accomplished by the use of different colored square or on freeway or expressway mainlines or ramps. rectangular panels on the face of the informational guide The color coding or a pictograph of the identification sign, each positioned to the left of the neighborhood or enhancement markers of the community wayfinding guide named geographic area to which the color-coding panel signing system shall be included on the informational guide applies. The height of the colored square or rectangular sign posted at the boundary of the community wayfinding panels shall not exceed two times the height of the upper- guide signing area. The color coding or pictographs shall case letters of the principal legend on the sign.

2D-41 December, 2011 OPTION:OPTION: Horizontal lines of a color that contrasts with the sign background color should be used to separate groups of des - The different colored square or rectangular panels may tinations by direction from each other. include either a black or a white (whichever provides the better contrast with the color of the panel) letter, numeral, or SUPPORT:SUPPORT: other appropriate designation to identify the destination. The basic requirement for all highway signs, including Except for the informational guide sign posted at the community wayfinding signs, is that they be legible to those boundary of the wayfinding guide sign area, community for whom they are intended and that they be understandable wayfinding guide signs may use background colors other in time to permit a proper response. Section 2A.6 contains than green in order to provide a color identification for the additional information on the design of signs, including wayfinding destinations by geographical area within the desirable attributes of effective designs. overall wayfinding guide signing system. Color-coded GGUIDANCE:UIDANCE: community wayfinding guide signs may be used with or without the boundary informational guide sign displaying Word messages should be as brief as practical and the corresponding color-coding panels described in the previous lettering should be large enough to provide the necessary two Options and the previous Standard. Except as provided legibility distance. in paragraphs one and two of the following Standard , in SSTANDARD:TANDARD: addition to the colors that are approved in this Manual for use on official traffic control signs (see Section 2A.10), The minimum specific ratio of letter height to legibility other background colors may also be used for the color distance shall comply with the provisions of Section 2A.13. coding of community wayfinding guide signs. The size of lettering used for destination and directional STANDARD:STANDARD: legends on community wayfinding signs shall comply with the provisions of minimum letter heights as provided in The standard colors of red, orange, yellow, purple, or the Section 2D.6. fluorescent versions thereof, fluorescent yellow-green, and Interline and edge spacing shall comply with the fluorescent pink shall not be used as background colors for provisions of Section 2D.6. community wayfinding guide signs, in order to minimize possible confusion with critical, higher-priority regulatory Except as provided in the following Option, the lettering and warning sign color meanings readily understood by road style used for destination and directional legends on users. community wayfinding guide signs shall comply with the provisions of Section 2D.5. The minimum luminance ratio of legend to background for community wayfinding guide signs shall be 3:1. The lettering for destinations on community wayfinding guide signs shall be a combination of lower-case letters with All messages, borders, legends, and backgrounds of initial upper-case letters (see Section 2D.5). All other word community wayfinding guide signs and any identification messages on community wayfinding guide signs shall be in enhancement markers shall be retroreflective (see Sections all upper-case letters. 2A.7 and 2A.8). OPTION:OPTION: GUIDANCE:GUIDANCE: A lettering style other than the Standard Alphabets Community wayfinding guide signs, exclusive of any provided in the "Standard Highway Signs and Markings" identification enhancement marker used, should be book may be used on community wayfinding guide signs if rectangular in shape. Simplicity and uniformity in design, an engineering study determines that the legibility and position, and application as described in Section 2A.6 are recognition values for the chosen lettering style meet or important and should be incorporated into the community exceed the values for the Standard Alphabets for the same wayfinding guide sign design and location plans for the area. legend height and stroke width. Community wayfinding guide signs should be limited to SSTANDARD:TANDARD: three destinations per sign (see Section 2D.7). Abbreviations (see Section 1A.15) should be kept to a Except for signs that are intended to be viewed only by minimum, and should include only those that are commonly pedestrians, bicyclists stopped out of the flow of traffic, or recognized and understood. occupants of parked vehicles, Internet and e-mail addresses, including domain names and uniform resource locators (URL), shall not be displayed on any community wayfinding guide sign or sign assembly.

December, 2011 2D-42 The arrow location and priority order of destinations shall 2D.51 Truck, Passing, or Climbing Lane follow the provisions described in Sections 2D.8 and 2D.37. Signs (D17-1 and D17-2) Arrows shall be of the designs provided in Section 2D.8. OPTION:PTION: NEXT Pictographs (see definition in Section 1A.13) may be used TRUCK on community wayfinding guide signs. TRUCK STANDARD:STANDARD: LANE LANE If a pictograph is used, its height shall not exceed two times the height of the upper-case letters of the principal 2 MILES 1/2 MILE legend on the sign. Except for pictographs, symbols that are not approved in this Manual for use on guide signs shall not be used on D17-1 D17-2 community wayfinding guide signs. GGUIDANCE:UIDANCE: Business logos, commercial graphics, or other forms of If an extra lane has been provided for trucks and other advertising (see Section 1A.1) shall not be used on slow-moving traffic, a NEXT TRUCK LANE XX MILES community wayfinding guide signs or sign assemblies. (D17-1) sign and/or a TRUCK LANE XX MILES (D17-2) OPTION:OPTION: sign should be installed in advance of the lane. Other graphics that specifically identify the wayfinding OPTION:OPTION: system, including identification enhancement markers, may Alternative legends such as PASSING LANE or be used on the overall sign assembly and sign supports. CLIMBING LANE may be used instead of TRUCK LANE. SUPPORT:SUPPORT: Section 2B.31 contains information regarding regulatory An enhancement marker consists of a shape, color, and/or signs for these types of lanes. pictograph that is used as a visual identifier for the community wayfinding guide signing system for an area. 2D.52 Slow Vehicle Turn-Out Sign (D17-7) Figure 2D-18 shows examples of identification enhancement marker designs that can be used with S L O WV E H I C L E community wayfinding guide signs. TURN-OUT OPTION:OPTION: 1/2 MILE An identification enhancement marker may be used in a community wayfinding guide sign assembly, or may be D17-7 incorporated into the overall design of a community wayfinding guide sign, as a means of visually identifying the GGUIDANCE:UIDANCE: sign as part of an overall system of community wayfinding signs and destinations. If a slow vehicle turn-out area has been provided for slow-moving traffic, a SLOW VEHICLE TURN-OUT XX STANDARD:STANDARD: MILES (D17-7) sign should be installed in advance of the turn-out area. The sizes and shapes of identification enhancement markers shall be smaller than the community wayfinding OPTION:OPTION: guide signs themselves. Identification enhancement markers Section 2B.35 contains information regarding regulatory shall not be designed to have an appearance that could be signs for slow vehicle turn-out areas. mistaken by road users as being a traffic control device. GUIDANCE:GUIDANCE:

The area of the identification enhancement marker should not exceed 1/5 of the area of the community wayfinding guide sign with which it is mounted in the same sign assembly.

2D-43 December, 2011 2D.53 Signing of Named Highways GGUIDANCE:UIDANCE: OPTION:OPTION: If used, the CROSSOVER sign should be installed Guide signs may contain street or highway names if the immediately beyond the median opening, either on the right- purpose is to enhance driver communication and guidance; hand side of the roadway or in the median. however, they are to be considered as supplemental OPTION:OPTION: information to route numbers. The Advance Crossover (D13-2) sign may be installed in STANDARD:STANDARD: advance of the CROSSOVER sign to provide advance notice of the crossover. Highway names shall not replace official numeral desig - nations. SSTANDARD:TANDARD: Memorial names (see Section 2M.10) shall not appear on If used, the Advance Crossover sign shall be a horizontal supplemental signs or on any other information sign on or rectangle of appropriate size to carry the word along the highway or its intersecting routes. CROSSOVER and the distance to the median opening. The The use of route signs shall be restricted to signs officially sign shall have white legend and border on a green used for guidance of traffic in accordance with this Manual background. and the "Purpose and Policy" statement of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials GGUIDANCE:UIDANCE: that applies to Interstate and U.S. numbered routes (see Page The distance displayed on the Advance Crossover sign i for AASHTO's address). should be 1 MILE, 1/2 MILE, or 1/4 MILE, unless unusual OPTION:OPTION: conditions require some other distance. If used, the sign Unnumbered routes having major importance to proper should be installed either on the right-hand side of the guidance of traffic may be signed if carried out in roadway or in the median at approximately the distance accordance with the aforementioned policies. For displayed on the sign. unnumbered highways, a name to enhance route guidance may be used where the name is applied consistently throughout its length. GUIDANCE:GUIDANCE:

Only one name should be used to identify any highway, whether numbered or unnumbered. 2D.54 Crossover Signs (D13-1 and D13-2) CROSSOVER CROSSOVER 1 4 MILE

D13-1 D13-2

OPTION:OPTION:

Crossover signs may be installed on divided highways to identify median openings not otherwise identified by warning or other guide signs. STANDARD:STANDARD:

A CROSSOVER (D13-1) sign shall not be used to identify a median opening that is permitted to be used only by official or authorized vehicles. If used, the sign shall be a horizontal rectangle of appropriate size to carry the word CROSSOVER and a horizontal directional arrow. The CROSSOVER sign shall have a white legend and border on a green background.

December, 2011 2D-44 2D.55 National Scenic Byways Signs of this design shall be limited to routes that have been (D6-4, D6-4a) designated as a National Scenic Byway or All-American Road by the U.S. Secretary of Transportation.If used, the D6-4 or D6-4a sign shall be placed such that the roadway route signs have primary visibility for the road user.

AMERICA’S BYWAYS AMERICA’S BYWAYS

D6-4 D6-4a

NORTH NORTH 38 38

National Scenic Byway route sign assembly

SUPPORT:SUPPORT:

Certain roads have been designated by the U.S. Secretary of Transportation as National Scenic Byways or All- American Roads based on their archeological, cultural, historic, natural, recreational, or scenic qualities. OPTION:OPTION:

State and local highway agencies may install the National Scenic Byways (D6-4 or D6-4a) signs at entrance points to a route that has been recognized by the U.S. Secretary of Transportation as a National Scenic Byway or an All- American Road. The D6-4 or D6-4a sign may be installed on route sign assemblies or as part of larger roadside structures. National Scenic Byways signs may also be installed at periodic intervals along the designated route and shall be installed at intersections where the designated route turns or follows a different numbered highway. At locations where roadside features have been developed to enhance the traveler's experience such as rest areas, historic sites, inter - pretive facilities, or scenic overlooks, the National Scenic Byways sign may be placed on the associated sign assembly to inform travelers that the site contributes to the byway travel experience. STANDARD:STANDARD:

When a National Scenic Byways sign is installed on a National Scenic Byway or an All-American Road, the design shown for the D6-4 or D6-4a sign shall be used. Use

2D-45 December, 2011