Getting the Most out of Your Abrasive Tools
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Sam Brown Editor Getting the Most Out of Your Abrasive Tools 13th ed 1939 Forty pages packed with details about using the belt sander, the disk sander, the grinder, the buffing head, with many other details -- over 220 photographs and line-drawings -- organized in 12 chapters and an appendix. Grinding twist drills, using cuttoff-wheels, and just sharpening tools makes this manual almost as useful today as in 1939. I admit that I'm puzzled about the “13th edition”. My inclination is to think of “13th edition” as 13th printing. By edition, publishers usually mean “editorial changes and revisions”. Instead, I think Delta simply means that this is the 13th “printing”. Regardless, whether as the 13th edition or 13th reprinting, this number is indicative of how popular this manual on abrasive tools turned out to be. Finally, please forgive me for the lack of uniformity in the document's pages. Very thoughtfully, a website reader pointed out the document's discrepancy: it had several missing pages. Since I was occupied with another area of woodworking history at the time, I simply did a “quick-and-dirty” fix; that is, I scanned in the missing pages, but did not worry about variations in coloriation. BookBook No. 45314531 250 fr OUTINGCE1TINC THETHE MOSTMOST OUTOUT OFOF YOURYOUR ABRASIVE TOOLS • THE BELT SANDER • THE DISK SANDER • THE GRINDER ELT • THE BUFFING HEAD MIL A EE Published byby DELTIVDELTA/ GETTINGGETTING THE MOST OUTOUT OF YOUR ABRASIVE TOOLSTOOLS THIRTEENTH EDITION A DELTA-CRAFT PUBLICATION Edited by SAM BROWN A CompleteComplete ManualManual Covering Covering the the Use Use of of Abrasive Abrasive Tools in thethe HomeHome Workshop,Workshop, Illustrated Illustrated with with Over TwoTwo Hundred Hundred Photographs Photographs and and Line Line Drawings. Drawings. DELTA POWER TOOL DIVISION ROCICM CI IMANUFACTURING MANUFACTURING COMPANY COMPANY MILWAUKEE 1, WISCONSIN Printed in U. S. A. Form AB-9395-9-50 Copyright The Delta Manufacturing Co., 1939 MAIN CONTENTSCONTENTS GETTING THE MOSTMOST OUTOUT OFOF YOUR ABRASIVE TOOLS CHAPTER ONE-ABRASIVEONE-ABRASIVE TOOLS TOOLS The Grinder—The Buffing Buffing Head—The Head—The Belt Belt Sander—The Sander—The Disk Disk Sander—Sanding Sander—Sanding and and Grinding Attachments—Mounting Attachments—Mounting Sanding Sanding Disks—Fitting Disks—Fitting Abrasive Abrasive Sleeves—Sane Sleeves—Sane ing Belts—MountingBelts—Mounting Grinding Grinding Wheels Wheels 4-6 CHAPTER TWO-ABRASIVESTWO-ABRASIVES Natural Abrasives—Artificial Abrasives—Artificial Abrasives—Grain Abrasives—Grain Size—Grinding Size—Grinding Wheels—Coated Wheels—Coated Abra• Abra• sives—Grinding Wheel Wheel Selection—Special Selection—Special Types Types of ofAbrasivesAbrasives 7-8 CHAPTER THREE-OPERATING THREE-OPERATING THE THE BELT BELT SANDER SANDER Surfacing—End Work—Sanding Work—Sanding Inside Inside Curves—Short Curves—Short Work—Use Work—Use of Sanding of Sanding Table— Table— Inside Corners—CircleCorners—Circle Jigs—Tilting Jigs—Tilting Fence—Pivoted Fence—Pivoted Arm—Beveling Arm—Beveling Jig—Use Jig—Use of Formsof Forms 9-12 CHAPTER FOUR-OPERATING FOUR-OPERATING THE THE DISK DISK SANDER SANDER Freehand Sanding—PivotSanding—Pivot Jigs—Rounding Jigs—Rounding Corners—Pointing Corners—Pointing Dowels—Use Dowels—Use of Miter of Miter Gage—Grinding Metal—Large Metal—Large Work—Sanding Work—Sanding with with Pattern—Sanding Pattern—Sanding to Width—Use to Width—Use of Double Disk—SandingDisk—Sanding Long Long Edges—Selection Edges—Selection of of Abrasive Abrasive 13-1513-15 CHAPTER FIVE-GENERALFIVE-GENERAL GRINDING GRINDING Safety Suggestions—Odd Jobs—Position Jobs—Position of of Tool Tool Rest—Use Rest—Use of ofGuides Guides 1616 CHAPTER SIX-HOW SIX-HOW TO TO SHARPEN SHARPEN TOOLS TOOLS General—Wood Chisels—Honing—Plane Chisels—Honing—Plane Irons—Wood Irons—Wood Turning Turning Tools—The Tools—The Skew Skew Chisel Chisel —The Parting Tool—The Tool—The Gouge—Lathe Gouge—Lathe To& To& Bits—Circular Bits—Circular Saws—Mortising Saws—Mortising Chisels Chisels —Grinding Jointer Jointer Knives—Setting Knives—Setting Jointer Jointer Knives—Grinding Knives—Grinding Knives Knives in Head in Head 17-22 CHAPTER SEVEN-GRINDING SEVEN-GRINDING SHAPER SHAPER CUTTERS CUTTERS Rake Angle—Amount of of Bevel—Projected Bevel—Projected Shape—Making Shape—Making a Knife—Use a Knife—Use of Shaped of Shaped Wheels—Honing Knives Knives 23-24 CHAPTER EIGHT-GRINDINGEIGHT-GRINDING TWIST TWIST DRILLS DRILLS Point Angle—LipAngle—Lip Clearance—Drill Clearance—Drill Grinding—Web Grinding—Web Thinning—Drill Thinning—Drill for Brass—Specialfor Brass—Special Grinding—Wheels forfor Drill Drill Grinding Grinding 25-27 CHAPTER NINE-BUFFINGNINE-BUFFING AND AND POLISHING POLISHING Polishing—Polishing Wheels—Setting Wheels—Setting Up—Concerning Up—Concerning Glue—How Glue—How to to Polish—Buffing Polish—Buffing —Strapping Belts—Buffing Belts—Buffing Compounds Compounds 28-30 CHAPTER TEN-HOW TEN-HOW TO TO USE USE SANDING SANDING DRUMS DRUMS Sanding Drums—Sanding on on Lathe—Narrow-Face Lathe—Narrow-Face Drums—Sanding Drums—Sanding on on Drill Drill Press- Press— Pattern Sanding Sanding 31-32 CHAPTER ELEVEN-HOW ELEVEN-HOW TO TO USE USE CUT-OFF CUT-OFF WHEELS WHEELS General Use—Cutting Tubing—Cutting Tubing—Cutting Solid Solid Stock—Cutting-off Stock—Cutting-off on Grinder—Diamondon Grinder—Diamond Blades—Cutting-off on on Lathe Lathe 33-34 CHAPTER TWELVE-MISCELLANEOUSTWELVE-MISCELLANEOUS ABRADING ABRADING OPERATIONS OPERATIONS Tumbling—Spun Finish—Grinding Finish—Grinding Glass—Engine Glass—Engine Finish Finish — —Internal Internal Grinding Grinding — Other — Other Lathe Operations—GrindingOperations—Grinding Keyways—Surface Keyways—Surface Grinding—Grinding Grinding—Grinding on Shaper—Sand- on Shaper—Sand- ing on Band on Saw—Sanding Band on Lathe Saw—Sanding on Lathe 35-38 APPENDIX Abrasives andand Abrasive Abrasive Terms—Coated Terms—Coated Abrasive Abrasive Selection—Comparative Selection—Comparative Grain Grain Sizes Sizes —Grinding Wheel Wheel Selection—Wheel Selection—Wheel Speeds—Belt Speeds—Belt and and Drum Drum Speeds—Grinding Speeds—Grinding Wheel Wheel Speeds in R. P. M. 39-40 OTHER BOOKSBOOKS IN THIS SERIES: Each .250.250 PostpaidPostpaid • GETTING THE THE MOST MOST OUT OUT OF OF YOUR YOUR LATHE LATHE • GETTING THE THE MOST MOST OUT OUT OF OF YOUR YOUR SHAPER SHAPER • GETTING THE THE MOST MOST OUT OUT OF OF YOUR YOUR DRILL DRILL PRESS PRESS • GETTING THE THE MOST MOST OUT OUT OF OF YOUR YOUR CIRCULAR CIRCULAR SAW SAW AND AND JOINTER JOINTER • GETTING THE THE MOST MOST OUT OUT OF OF YOUR YOUR BAND BAND SAW SAW AND AND SCROLL SCROLL SAW SAW [2] • ABRASIVEABRASIVE TOOLSTOOLS playplay anan importantimportant rolerole inin industryindustry andand inin thethe homeshop. Machines specifically designeddesigned forfor abradingabrading includeinclude the grinder, the belt sander, the disk sander and the buffing head,head, but practically every other tool in thethe shopshop cancan bebe setset upup forfor abrasive work. Typical operations which are done onon oneone oror moremore ofof these machines include sharpening tools, sanding wood and metal,metal, polishing metals and plastics, gumming circular saws, drilling holes in glass, cutting metals and so on through a long list ofof everydayeveryday shop operations. AA workingworking knowledgeknowledge ofof abrasives and abrasive methods is essential for thethe successfulsuccessful practicepractice ofof suchsuch work,work, andand it it is is the aim of this book to supply this information in aa simple,simple, non-tech-non-tech- nical style readily applied toto averageaverage equipmentequipment inin thethe smallsmall shop.shop. ABRASIVE TOOLS PULLEY GUARD 4111ftimig, TRACKING These photos show three typical abrasive tools—The ADJUSTMENT Bench Grinder, the Belt Sander, and the DiskDisk Sander.Sander. The grinder is a light-duty model and is belt-driven. The belt sander is a medium-size unit using six inch wide abrasive belts. The disk sander is direct-motor ABRASIVE drive and uses twelve inch diameter abrasive disks. BELT BELT All units are commonly described according to the TENSIONER abrasive area—aarea—a six inchinch grinder (wheel diameter), a six inchinch belt sander (belt width),width), aa twelve inch inch disk TILTING sander (disk diameter). TABLE _TILT_T ILT SCALE W1-4WHEEL EEL PULLEY •GUARD7:/ARD _ SPINDLE & BELT DUST GUARD DEFLECTOR LIGHT-DUTY BELT BENCH SANDER GRINDER G U ND 1/2 H,P, 1•1 MOTOR ABRASIVE DISK CEMENTED TO PLATE T1TI LTLT IN G TABLE TILT AOJUSTMEADJUSTME MOTOR-DRIVE DISK SANDER \M IT ,MITERER GAGE GAGE 141 CHAPTER ONE ABRASIVE TOOLS The Grinder.Grinder.—The— The Grinder is is a a double double end end horizontal spindle, spindle, the the ends ends of of the the spindle spindle being threaded and and fitted fitted with with flanges flanges to to take thethe grinding grinding wheels. wheels. The The spindle spindle is is of ten aa continuationcontinuation of of the the motor motor shaft, shaft, in whichwhich casecase thethe unitunit is is direct-driven. direct-driven. Other models models employ employ a aconventional conventional belt belt drive. TheThe size size of of thethe grinder grinder is is commonly commonly taken fromfrom the the diameter diameter of of the the abrasive abrasive wheel used inin connectionconnection with with it, it, that that is, is, a a grinder swinging swinging a a 7-inch 7-inch wheel wheel would would be be called aa 7-inch7-inch grinder. grinder. Units Units are are further further described as as bench bench or or pedestal, pedestal, the the latter latter indicating aa floor floor model. model. An essential featurefeature of of all all grinders is is the the wheel wheel guards. guards. these shouldshould encloseenclose the the wheel wheel as fully asas possiblepossible inin order order to to prevent abrasive abrasive chips chips or or Above, belt-drive bench bench grinder grinder fitted fitted larger fragments fragments of of the wheel with safety safety hoods hoods as as well well as as wheel wheel from beingbeing thrownthrown at at the the oper- oper- guards. TheThe buffingbuffing head, head, left, left, is is ator.