Marine Data Challenges: from Observation to Information 15 May 2008, Ostend, Belgium

SETTING SCIENCE AGENDAS FOR EUROPE

1st MARINE BOARD FORUM Marine Data Challenges: from Observation to Information 15 May 2008, Ostend, Belgium

PROCEEDINGS

Hypotheses come and go but data remain Santiago Ramón y Cajal, Nobel Prize 1906

www.esf.org/marineboard MARINE data challenges

Marine Board profile

The increasing interdependence of marine • Develops foresight initiatives to secure future research policies and programmes at national and research capability and to support informed at European levels, as well as the rapidly changing policy making; environment of European marine sciences, call for • Places marine research within the European a new approach to the development of European socio-political and economic issues that research strategies. To this end, the Marine Board, profoundly affect Europe. established in 1995 by its Member Organisations, facilitates enhanced collaboration between the The Marine Board operates via four principal directors of European marine science organisations approaches: (research institutes, funding agencies and research councils) and the development of strategies for Forum: bringing together 30 marine research marine science in Europe. organisations from 20 European countries to share information, to identify common issues and As an independent non-governmental advisory body, approaches, to develop common positions and the Marine Board is motivated by, and dedicated to perspectives, and to cooperate; the opportunity of building cooperation in marine Synergy: fostering European added value to research. The Marine Board develops insight, component national programmes, facilitating recognising opportunities and trends, presenting access and shared use of national marine research compelling and persuasive arguments that shape facilities, and promoting synergy with international the future of marine research in Europe. programmes and organisations.

The Marine Board provides the essential Strategy: identifying and prioritising emergent components for transferring knowledge for disciplinary and interdisciplinary marine scientific leadership in marine research in Europe. Adopting issues of strategic European importance, initiating a strategic role, the Marine Board serves its analysis and studies (where relevant, in close Member Organisations by providing a forum within association with the European Commission) in which policy advice to national agencies and to order to contribute to a European strategy for the European Commission is developed, with marine research. the objective of providing comparable research Voice: expressing a collective vision of the strategies at the European level. As a major science future for European marine science in relation to policy think-tank, the Marine Board: developments in Europe and world-wide. • Unites the outputs of advanced marine research; • Provides insights necessary to transfer research to knowledge for leadership and decision making; 1st Marine Board Forum 2008

table of contentS 03

Marine Board Forum ...... 4 . Principle ��4 Objectives ��4

1st Marine Board Forum ...... 5 . Programme ��5 Introduction ��6 Overview of presentations and key messages ��8 Opening ��8 Setting the scene ��8 Observation and Data Providers ��9 Data and Information for Policymakers ��19 . Discussions and Recommendations ��28 . Annexes ��30 . Annex I - 1st Marine Board Forum Organisation ��30 Annex II - List of acronyms ��31 Annex III - List of participants ��33

Mr. Lars Horn, Marine Board Chair opening the 1st Marine Board Forum (15 May 2008, Ostend) Marine data challenges

Marine Board Forum Principle and Objectives

Principle Objectives

The Marine Board provides a platform for the In line with its Principle, the Marine Board Forum European marine science community. A large supports the Marine Board’s philosophy to: number of European marine science-related • Reduce duplication of initiatives; bodies express interest in establishing information • Limit fragmentation within the European marine exchange, or receiving endorsement for their science landscape; activities or positions from the Marine Board. • Facilitate information exchange; Furthermore, there is a growing need to link with • Enhance synergy among actors; European universities and industry stakeholders. • Provide a focal point for institutions and individual In this regard, the Marine Board developed an scientists to meet; instrument, the Marine Board Forum, which allows • Gather and synthesise information to optimise interactions and involvement between the Marine the delivery of the voice of the European marine Board and other pan-European organisations, science community. networks and individual scientists. 1st Marine Board Forum 2008

1 st Marine Board Forum Programme (15 May 2008, Ostend) 05

Opening: General discussion Lars Horn (Marine Board Chair) Afternoon session: Data and Information Setting the Scene: for Policymakers Kostas Nittis (MedGOOS) Moderator: Geoffrey O’Sullivan (Marine Institute - Ireland) Morning Session: Observation and Data Providers 8. Transforming marine science into ecosystem Moderator: advice for policy makers Kostas Nittis (MedGOOS) Gerd Hubold (ICES) 9. WISE initiative - European Commission 1. Marine data and observation management: Violeta Vinceviciene (DG Environment) European Commission Perspectives Alan Edwards on behalf of Manuela Soares 10. GEO and GEOSS (Director, Directorate I - DG Research) Alan Edwards (DG Research) 2. From observation to data to information for 11. Data needs for shipbuilding industry scientists and policymakers... and industry Willem Laros (Waterborne TP) Jean-François Minster (Total S.A.) General discussion 3. Operational oceanography, including GMES marine core services 12. Presentations from the floor Hans Dahlin (EuroGOOS) Marine Information Management: Identification and Analysis of the Marine FP6 Projects General discussion Laurent d’Ozouville (EurOcean) 4. UNESCO/IOC’s project office for International 13. Data needs for offshore industry Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange Chris Shaw (OGP and Shell International) (IODE) Peter Pissierssens (Head of the UNESCO/ 14. EU Maritime Policy and marine data, European IOC Project office for IODE) Commission Iain Shepherd (DG MARE) 5. Ecosystem aspects and how scientist networks handle data General discussion Carlo Heip (MarBEF and NIOZ/NIOO) Concluding remarks 6. SeaDataNet: pan-European infrastructure Geoffrey O’Sullivan (Marine Institute - Ireland) for ocean and marine data management - Perspectives towards EMODNET Dick M.A. Schaap (MARIS, SeaDataNet - FP6 I3) 7. Presentations from the floor • Marine Board rationale for the Marine Board – EuroGOOS Panel on EMODNET Antoine Dosdat (Ifremer, Marine Board vice-Chair) • Perspectives from ESONET, EMSO, EUR-OCEANS Michael Diepenbroek (MARUM, Bremen) Marine data challenges

1 st Marine Board Forum Introduction

The 1st Marine Board Forum, Marine Data Starting from the fundamental premise that Challenges: from Observation to Information, observational data should be readily available to held on 15 May 2008, Ostend, brought together those who need it, key recommendations from the representatives of some of the key European 1st Marine Board Forum include: marine observation and data centres, researchers, • A call to develop a strategy that enables proper national and European policymakers and data planning of marine observations; end-users from the maritime and offshore • A drive to address the technological challenges, industries. Forty nine individual organisations took ensuring appropriate quality assurance at all part, themselves representatives of the wider levels; marine and maritime communities. These included UNESCO/IOC project office for International Ocean • A need to address the requirement for long-term Data Exchange (IODE), International Council sustainable funding for observation and data for Exploration of the Sea (ICES), European management, necessary to provide a reliable infrastructure projects such as SeaDataNet, basis for end-users to invest in transforming European FP6 Networks of Excellence MarBEF, observations into useful operational products. ESONET, EMSO and Eur-OceanS, Waterborne Technology Platform, EuroGOOS, EurOcean To effectively achieve the above, the interfaces Internet Portal, International Association of Oil between observers, data producers and & Gas Producers (OGP), European Commission end-users, as well as between scientists and services (e.g. DG Research, DG MARE and DG policymakers, need to be enhanced through Environment), a range of leading marine research partnerships. Such partnerships are necessary funding and research performing organisations, to improve the quality and availability of data and and policymakers. ensure that observations reflect what users need. Research can provide the basic knowledge to The participants debated the challenges necessary sustainably exploit and manage the oceans, but to the development of pan-European observation new multidisciplinary expertise and multi-sectoral and data management systems, from acquisition partnerships are necessary, making physical and through to informed use. The Forum was deemed biological observations available for management to be timely given the recent policy developments of fisheries, transport and socio-economic interest. and on-going and future initiatives concerning As not all data provision is driven by science, with marine observation and data management policies. much originating from the obligations inherent The Marine Board had already undertaken a pro- within regulatory regimes, these should also be active role in launching, together with EuroGOOS, included in a wider European marine and maritime a panel of experts to prepare a Vision Document data and observation network. addressing what the proposed European Marine Observation and Data Network (EMODNET) should look like (see page 16). Building on its 1st Forum, the Marine Board is ready to foster updates and further interactions among the marine science community, marine science and maritime policymakers and maritime industry stakeholders on this topic and related matters. 1st Marine Board Forum 2008

Outputs from the 1st Marine Board Forum • European Strategy for Marine and Maritime presentations and discussions are published Research (September 2008) (page 10) here as proceedings. • MarBEF Legacy (2004 -2008) (page 14) • LifeWatch: e-Science and Technology Infra- In addition, some European initiative developments, structure for Biodiversity Research (page 15) which occurred subsequently to the 1st Marine Board Forum, are also presented – see: • Launch of Marine Board and EuroGOOS Vision Document on EMODNET (October 2008) (page 17) • “Google Ocean” launched (February 2009) (page 18) • European Atlas of the Seas (page 18) • EMODNET and WISE-Marine links (page 20) • FP7 Support Actions for Marine and Maritime Research Communities (page 23) • Towards EMODNET (page 25) • Seabed Mapping Initiatives (page 26)

All documents and materials related to the 1st Marine Board Forum (i.e. presentations, videos, press releases, articles, pictures) are available at: Poster panels, computer simulations and a dummy www.esf.org/marineboard/forum Argo float at the Marine Board Inaugural Exhibition (Ostend, May 2008) The conclusions of the 1st Marine Board Forum were published in Research Europe (Research Europe 29/5/08, p8).

Inauguration of the Marine Board offices at the InnovOcean site (14 May 2008, Ostend). From left to right: Jan Mees (VLIZ Director), Kathrine Angell- Hansen (DG MARE), Rudy Herman (Researcher, EWI - Government of Flanders), John Marks (Director of Science and Strategy, ESF), Niamh Connolly (Executive Scientific Secretary, Marine Board), Koen Verlaeckt (Secretary General, Flemish Department of Foreign Affairs), Lars Horn (Chair, Marine Board), Jean-François Minster (Science Director, Total S.A.). Marine data challenges

1 st Marine Board Forum Opening and Setting the Scene

Opening Setting the Scene - Marine Data and Lars Horn (Marine Board Chair) opened the Observation: a Challenging Topic Forum by welcoming speakers and participants to the newly inaugurated Marine Board facilities within the InnovOcean site in Ostend (see pictures on previous page). He reminded the participants that the Aberdeen Declaration (2007) formulated a Vision of the role of marine science and technology in the Integrated Maritime Policy for the European Union. Challenges ahead are substantial and this Forum provides an opportunity to discuss ideas, and requirements necessary to develop shared approaches that would allow Europe to optimise its investments in marine observation and monitoring.

“It is of utmost importance to enhance the interface between marine data providers and users [policymakers, industry]”. Kostas Nittis (15 May 2008, Ostend)

Kostas Nittis (MedGOOS Chair; Marine Board vice-Chair) set out the need for the establishment of a monitoring strategy at the Euro- pean level, highlighting the increasing need for well planned sustainable observations. While new tech- “There is an unprecedent policy emphasis nological challenges (including sensors, platforms, placed on marine data issues within Europe IT, telecommunications) offer both novel and more today; the aim is to improve the quantity, quality cost-effective ways to sample the marine environ- and accessibility of marine information available ment, they bring their own challenges, including for decision making and to open up new eco- aspects, such as: nomic opportunities in the marine information • Quality assurance of observations and data (at sector in Europe, to the benefit of the European all levels); citizen and the global community.” Lars Horn • Need for a long-term sustained commitment for (15 May 2008, Ostend) funding; • Intelligent interpretation of the collected observations to transform them into long-term valuable information products that can be used by policymakers, industry and wider society while fulfilling the needs of the scientific community. 1st Marine Board Forum 2008

Kostas Nittis reminded the participants that the research communities, as well as between the purpose of this 1st Marine Board Forum was to European Commission and the Member States foster discussions on the need to: (and national research programmes), together with the private sector, which is increasingly involved in • Ensure that policy and industry decisions are research and making its data available. informed by sound knowledge, based on accurate information; • Improve the quantity, quality and accessibility of marine information available for decision making by bringing scientists into the policy and industry interface and provide opportunities to transform their results into an information format of relevance to users; • Inform scientists of the needs of data users, and to identify new opportunities in the marine information sector in Europe.

Observation and Data Providers “While differences occur between technology- led and user-led interests; from the European Marine data and observation management: Commission’s perspectives marine observations European Commission Perspectives: Alan must meet the users’ needs and not the Edwards (on behalf of Manuela Soares technology push.” Director, Directorate I “Environment”, Research Alan Edwards Directorate General) spoke in the context of (15 May 2008, Ostend) the Integrated Maritime Policy, as presented by the European Commission in October 2007. All matters relating to Europe’s oceans Alan Edwards concluded that: and seas are interlinked, and sea-related policies • An integrated governance framework for maritime must develop in a cohesive way in order to reap the affairs requires tools for policy-making; desired results. Acknowledging that there were many • The availability of, and easy access to, a relevant policies, he emphasised that the purpose comprehensive range of natural and human- of the Integrated Maritime Policy was to bring these activity data and information on the oceans is policies together and maximise the synergies between critical as a basis for strategic decision-making on them. Since well designed policy solutions require maritime policy; appropriate data, information and networks, he stressed the need for increased research effort and • The development of a European Marine a related strategic context within which to undertake Observation and Data Network (EMODNET), it. The main stimulus at EU level is the European together with associated maritime observing and Research Area, implemented primarily through information systems, will provide an important tool the Framework Programmes. The Commission in the implementation of an Integrated Maritime called for a partnership approach between various Policy for the European Union. Marine data challenges

1 st Marine Board Forum Observation and Data Providers

• Assessment of the information requirements (by European Strategy for Marine and all stakeholders including media, education and Maritime Research (September 2008) NGOs); In September 2008, the European Commission • Understanding of scientific issues requiring long- adopted the European Strategy for Marine term observations; assessment of the necessary and Maritime Research: A coherent European operational in situ infrastructures; Research Area framework in support of a • Interfacing of the marine core service with down- sustainable use of oceans and seas. The stream services for end-users. strategy is one of 65 key actions designed to support the implementation of the Integrated Maritime Policy for the European Union (adopted in October 2007) and aims at “finding mechanisms for the sustainable support and management of data on the seas, including mapping of European waters and the integration of maritime surveillance systems.” The Marine Board officially welcomed the Strategy, emphasising the importance of implementing mechanisms to improve efficiency and reduce fragmentation. The Marine Board is actively involved in initiating new opportunities “The implementation of tools to facilitate work to enhance interaction between marine and at the European scale such as the Ostend maritime research communities and industry [InnovOcean] offices should help to progress to develop innovative solutions to existing and towards the interlinking of end-users and emerging questions. scientific developments.” Jean-François Minster From observation to data to information for (15 May 2008, Ostend) scientists and policymakers… and industry: According to Jean-François Minster (Total S.A.) the enhancement and sustainability of Jean-François Minster emphasised that ocean ocean exploitation needs understanding of, and information requires multidisciplinarity and the information on, the oceans. Major progresses have availability of a large suite of technologies. According been achieved in recent years: marine sciences to him, this requires a shift in approach from “what were identified as a key element of ecosystem- science is traditionally best organised to do – small based maritime policies; comprehensive marine projects – moving to large integrated programmes sciences now encompass the whole set of socio- running over long-term duration”. Marine sciences economic issues; assessment and benchmarking require the largest variety of infrastructures (e.g. of European marine infrastructures have been ships, satellites, moorings, high performance undertaken; operational oceanography is being computing, etc), which represents typically 50% of established as a core element of GMES. Yet, a their costs. “Hence”, Jean François Minster noted, number of elements still require improvement, “there is need to broaden the access to, and including: use of, operational infrastructures”. Information 1st Marine Board Forum 2008

systems have mostly come from the science base: when they start being re-used, and possibly strategic evolution is required to specify systems compared with models. which are not yet in place; they can take decades to implement and have long lead-in times. Jean- François Minster stressed the need to keep this evolution in perspective: “We must not reinvent what has already been worked on. Marine science must be a strategic component of the maritime policy, with a comprehensive science perspective, shared approaches to infrastructure investment and management”. Networking, and even for some aspects a real integration at the European scale – not just coordination or cooperation – is particularly needed for operational oceanography infrastructures, in both the public and private sectors. Integration is needed so that the “It is critical to make sure that national infrastructures are efficient in terms of the research funding is sustained to maintain good they consume and the critical data parameters they data centres in Europe and ensure that need, such as the data on ocean currents. Safety the data are taken care of.” of operation and risk reduction are at the top of Hans Dahlin the offshore operators’ agenda: offshore operators (15 May 2008, Ostend) need a broad variety of information to allow the development of long-term designs. Industry is risk adverse, it values reliability and accumulated Operational oceanography, including GMES expertise above all else. marine core services: Hans Dahlin (EuroGOOS) Policymakers are beginning to recognize and gave the perspective from those who have acknowledge that they need an integrated research to make operational oceanography work. He base. This represents a significant development contended that operational oceanography could be from the ‘science push’ of the past and requires categorised as user-driven oceanography. There is further improvement of coherence between the a long history of need and development over many objectives of the European Commission and centuries, for information on tides, currents, etc. national plans. The relationships, networks, and International exchange of these data eventually led coordinating structures in the marine world are to the development of the World Meteorological not well understood by key stakeholders; they Organisation (WMO). Activities to address issues cannot see where best to interact. A strategic such as water quality and to develop spill response vision must be defined, common approaches must actions and emergency response and rescue be implemented and expertise must be shared to systems have reached an operational level during enable the interlinking of end-users and scientific more recent decades. developments. Yet despite this, most of the ocean remains under- sampled. Observations are needed in order to As the effectiveness of the European policies to develop and challenge the models. The challenges tackle the matter of old data sets was questioned, are to: Jean-François Minster highlighted that the best Quality Assurance for those data can only occur • Make the necessary observations; Marine data challenges

1 st Marine Board Forum Observation and Data Providers

• Safeguard the observations and make them accessible; • Produce jointly as far as possible the required information and services; • Understand user requirements. Once these challenges have been addressed, we as operational oceanographers can focus on the continued development of the science. The EuroGOOS objectives are to build on scientific Marine Board Forum panelists, from left to right: successes and investments and to see how to Kostas Nittis (MedGOOS), Hans Dahlin (EuroGOOS), develop more operational tools and services from Jean-François Minster (Total S.A.) and Alan Edwards the existing science. (European Commission). Sustainability is a problem. “Often, sustained monitoring at individual stations relies on just a UNESCO/IOC’s project office for International few dedicated individuals,” Hans Dahlin said, “the Oceanographic Data and Information sustained funding is decreasing and it is difficult Ex-change (IODE) was presented by Peter to get and to retain operational oceanographers. Pissierssens (Head of the UNESCO/IOC It is not a well-defined or rewarding career and Project office for IODE). The Intergovernmental the work is continuous and not varied. For an Oceanographic Commission (IOC) is a body with oceanographer working with services there is little functional autonomy within the United Nations opportunity to look more deeply into the science.” Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO). The International Oceanographic Data Co-operation is a way to mitigate the problems. and Information Exchange (IODE) programme There is a need to work together on a global, of the IOC was established in 1961 to enhance European and regional scale. EuroGOOS works marine research, exploitation and development by mainly with the European regions to continue to facilitating the exchange of oceanographic data develop and implement observational oceanography and information between participating Member within Europe. This engages many European States and by meeting the needs of users for partners, for example as part of the development of data and information products – including textual GMES. The EuroGOOS Regions are now strongly information components. Since 1961, the IODE involved in the implementation process, including has developed a formal network of 76 National projects such as MyOcean, to ensure that data is Oceanographic Data Centres (NODCs) as well used to develop the core services, that there are as an informal network of marine information interfaces to intermediate users of the data and management (library) experts. products from models and then to turn these into the downstream services required by end-users. The IOC Strategic Plan for oceanographic data and The requests are now focussing on what is needed information management focuses on the adoption by scientists as well as end-users, on the need for of standards and formats, the saving of old data long-term time series and other data that scientists (through the oceans data recovery and archive will need to be able to carry on in the future. project), easy discovery and access, and equitable access to information. 1st Marine Board Forum 2008

Capacity building and development has tradi- is a strong need to ensure interoperability with the tionally been a core component of IODE and this international schemes, otherwise it will be very has translated in recent years in the development of costly to retrospectively engineer these systems Ocean Data and Information Networks (ODINs). later. Peter Pissierssens concluded with some questions to the audience and the community: • Is the Integrated Maritime Policy for the EU sufficiently outward looking? • Is there a plan for the long-term archival and preservation of data in the EU? • Is the medium-term project based approach leading to long-term stable systems and infrastructures in the EU? • Is there a long-term vision on data and information management in the EU? • Is data management sufficiently entrenched in the marine science and observation research “The ambition should be to have the same community? Do we use a carrot or stick sort of worldwide easy access system for approach – and which might work? oceanographic data as we enjoy when we • Is data management education included in the use an ATM to withdraw money from bank university curriculum? accounts.” • To what extent do technological developments Peter Pissierssens trickle down within centres and is expertise (15 May 2008, Ostend) efficiently shared? Ecosystem aspects and how scientist networks handle data: Carlo Heip (MarBEF These are self-driven, regional network projects and NIOZ/NIOO) stressed that “the various FP6 (started in Africa, the Caribbean, the Indian Ocean and Networks of Excellence have had to deal with data the Pacific islands) that provide training, equipment acquisition; one of their main challenges is now to and operational support. Underpinning the training ensure that the marine data they have collected element, an expert training resource for marine are maintained in the future”. data and information management (OceanTeacher) has been developed, that combines the expertise Biodiversity deals with three levels of biological available from the IODE data and information experts organisation: genes, species, and habitats. The huge for students. In many university curricula there is amount of information, in principle stored in open no data management activity, the students do not access databases, is rapidly increasing thanks to: realise the importance of data and data management • Barcoding and DNA sequencing (e.g. the “barcode centres. In order to provide a permanent facility for of life”, where 4,000 species have already been training courses, expert meetings and IODE web- coded); based products and services, the IOC Project Office • Species identification (e.g. 41,000 names of marine for IODE was established in 2005. species are now in the European Register of Marine IODE is a partner in SeaDataNet and responds to Species); and the need to integrate within Europe. However, there • Habitats mapping. Marine data challenges

1 st Marine Board Forum Observation and Data Providers

Data on species and habitats are used for a wide range of applications, including: stock assessment, MarBEF Legacy (2004 – 2008) environmental impact assessment and as indicators The MarBEF Legacy includes: for ecosystem health. • Taxonomy (World and European Register of Carlo Heip highlighted that “biologists are often Marine Species - WoRMS and ERMS); reluctant to release their data; hence within MarBEF, • Geography and Biogeography (European we had to encourage scientists to donate their Ocean Biogeographic Information System - biological data by indicating the higher scientific EurOBIS and thematic integrated data- value of integrating data”. bases); • Metadata (register of resources); and • Literature (MarBEF open archive). “After five years of MarBEF, Europe is now in a position to take the lead in marine biodiversity research. The MarBEF community has built the world’s largest databases on macrobenthos, meiobenthos and pelagic marine species. Well over 100 scientists from 54 institutions in 17 countries have contributed not less than 223 datasets to the MarBEF data system. This has resulted in 4.3 million distribution records of “In five years time we will have 10 times the 17,000 species in all the European seas and current amount of data to deal with.” many of the world’s oceans. The oldest record dates back to 1768.” Carlo Heip (15 May 2009, Ostend) Abstract of The future of MarBEF Legacy, MarBEF newsletter 8: 14-15, 2008 See: www.marbef.org The MarBEF data policy relied on the following three main principles: Carlo Heip emphasised that many challenges (i) Free and open access to data in a partnership remain, including the need to: approach, based on IOC policy and Ocean • Sustain the effort of continuing to build the Biodiversity Informatics (OBI) Hamburg databases, maintain open and free access in conference statement; order to find out how to couple genetic and (ii) Scientist or team generating the data should species information with habitat information and have an opportunity to have 1st publication of the allow prediction of where species will occur; data, and analysis based on them (moratorium • Link and integrate with other networks in Europe period of two years); and in the world in order to ensure that data is (iii) MarBEF does not claim ownership of the data, fed from biodiversity observatories to potential only the participating institutes, organisations or users (GEO-BON, LifeWatch); the funder of the data collection will do this. 1st Marine Board Forum 2008

• Support new developments such as the use safeguarding, retrieval and dissemination to both of tagged mammals, birds, turtles and fish as intermediate users (value adding organisations) platform for data collecting sensors. and end-users.”

LifeWatch: e-Science and Technology Infrastructure for Biodiversity Research The LifeWatch infrastructure for biodiversity research addresses the huge gaps which are faced in the understanding of life on Earth. Its innovative design supports a large-scale methodological approach to data resources, advanced algorithms and computational capability. LifeWatch will support the scientific research, the understanding and the rational management of the ecosystems by policy makers, the private sector and the general “The design and implementation of EMODNET public. will require actively engaging with and building upon on-going and established groups and See: www.lifewatch.eu networks [such as SeaDataNet].” Dick M.A. Schaap Perspectives from SeaDataNet: Dick M.A. (15 May 2008, Ostend) Schaap (MARIS, SeaDataNet Technical Coordinator) presented SeaDataNet (FP6 I3 2006 – 2011) a pan-European and EU-funded “SeaDataNet has a fair coverage regarding physical project, undertaken by the National Oceanographic oceanography data, “informed Dick Schaap, “however Data Centres (NODCs), and information services further cooperation is required to share standards of major national institutes, from nearly all coastal and interoperability principles; for biological data for states bordering the European seas. SeaDataNet instance, we have approached MarBEF to address focuses on addressing fragmentation by intercon- this”. SeaDataNet cooperates and provides services necting the data centres to provide integrated for many other European and international groups on-line access to the most comprehensive sets of and projects, contributing and safeguarding good multidisciplinary in situ and remote sensing marine data management for initiatives including: data, meta-data and products. The consortium • EuroGOOS: SeaDataNet maintains the European comprises 49 partners of major oceanographic Directory of Ocean Observing Systems (EDIOS) institutes of the 35 participating countries, rep- and improves access to real-time data (see www. resenting NODCs, Satellite Data Centres, expert edios.org); modeling centres, IOC, ICES, and JRC. Dick Schaap emphasised that “data centres are highly • POGO: SeaDataNet collects and provides skilled and actively engaged in data management information on ocean-going research vessels, for several decades and have the basic capabili- and their operators, planned and completed ties and facilities for data quality control, perennial cruises (see www.pogo-oceancruises.org); Marine data challenges

1 st Marine Board Forum Observation and Data Providers

• Marine Core Services: SeaDataNet streamlines (iii) System of systems approach with interoperability the provision of long-term archives for optimising achieved through INSPIRE Directive principles. marine forecast services and SeaDataNet is cooperating with MERSEA and ECOOP (operational oceanography projects) to tune the handling of real-time and near-real-time data in those projects.

“In establishing the Marine Board - EuroGOOS panel on EMODNET, we adopted a partnership approach with the policymakers.” Antoine Dosdat (15 May 2008, Ostend)

The Marine Board – EuroGOOS Panel on EMODNET: was profiled by Antoine Dosdat (Ifremer, Marine Board vice-Chair). In February 2008, the Marine Board and EuroGOOS set up a Cover page of the Marine Board – panel of European experts on marine observation EuroGOOS Vision Document on EMODNET and data collection and management. The panel (September 2008) was established to prepare a visionary paper addressing what a fully integrated, interoperable ma- SeaDataNet is well qualified for an active role in the rine monitoring and observation system at the EU design, implementation and future operation of the level should look like in the next five to ten years. European Marine Observation and Data Network The resulting publication, the Marine Board – (EMODNET). As stressed in the Marine Board – EuroGOOS Vision Document on the European EuroGOOS Vision Document on EMODNET (see Marine Observations and Data Network below) a harmonisation based on the following (EMODNET), profiles EMODNET as “an end-to- three key elements is required: end, integrated and inter-operable network of (i) Common data policy which enables free and systems of European marine observations and open access to data, preferably without restric- data communications, management and delivery tion on use; systems, supported by a comprehensive user (ii) Common standards for quality control procedures, oriented toolkit to enable implementation of the metadata formats and description, and data Integrated Maritime Policy for Europe”. exchange formats; 1st Marine Board Forum 2008

protocols, compiled catalogues and front- Launch of the Marine Board – EuroGOOS end portals were stressed by Michael Vision Document on EMODNET (October Diepenbroek (MARUM, Bremen) as follows: 2008) • Data capture should be conducted through flexible, The Marine Board – EuroGOOS Vision Document science controlled network of observatories (sea on EMODNET was officially presented to floor to sea surface, mobile to cabled). Targeted Commissioner Joe Borg on 24 October 2008 rescue activities should be conducted in order to during the French EU presidency Conference, ensure that data produced is made available; BioMarine in Marseille. This publication was • Data centres are our data libraries and as such formally welcomed by Mr. Fokion Fotiadis, they should be certified using OAIS standard (as Director General of DG MARE, who stated that established under the ISO frame); it was an expression of “the considered opinion • Interoperability is needed for e-infrastructures of knowledgeable and articulate stakeholders” which have to be networked; to achieve the latter, which would contribute to the work of the facilities with higher capabilities have to be used European Commission’s MODEG group and as broker between systems, as not all facilities the Roadmap for EMODNET. will have the necessary resources; Available at: • Publication of data product publications should www.esf.org/marineboard/publications follow OECD principles and guidelines for access to research data (2007). Data and observation services have to be integrated in the design and implementation of European virtual scientific institute(s).

Marine Board – EuroGOOS launch event – from left to right: Maud Evrard (Marine Board), Niamh Connolly (Marine Board), Commissioner Joe Borg (EC DG MARE), Lars Horn (Marine Board Chair), Fokion Fotiadis (EC DG MARE) and Geoffrey O’Sullivan (Marine Institute Ireland)- credit: European Commission “Scientists search data using Google; the data Perspectives from ESONET, EMSO, EUR- management community has to get ready to OCEANS: key challenges for interoperability address this.” between numerous data management and Michael Diepenbroek long-term archiving systems, catalogues, (15 May 2008, Ostend) Marine data challenges

1 st Marine Board Forum Observation and Data Providers

‘Google Ocean’ launched (February 2009) In February 2009, the Ocean Component of Google Earth was launched. It is a 3D map, which allows the users to: • Dive beneath the surface and visit the deepest part of the ocean; • Explore the ocean floor; • Learn about ocean observations, climate change and endangered species; Participants at the 1st Marine Board Forum • Discover new recreational areas as well as (15 May 2008, Ostend) shipwrecks. Further data and information is continuously being added. Increasing awareness of the seas and knowledge of the oceans is a central objective of the EU Integrated Maritime Policy. In this respect the Ocean component of Google Earth will contribute to making marine knowledge more accessible to the interested or concerned citizen as well as to other stakeholders. European Atlas of the Seas The European Commission is currently setting In September 2008, the Marine Board provided up the EMODNET to process fragmented data the European Commission with some points for on seabed geology, living species and chemical consideration with regard to a European Atlas of pollution in order to build up complete sea- the Sea. In line with the Aberdeen Declaration, basin pictures. The European Commission also the Marine Board considers “the preparation plans to publish a prototype “European Atlas of a 4D digital European Atlas of the Seas, as a highly desirable, high level and high profile of the Seas” to raise awareness of Europe’s initiative for marine and coastal spatial planning, maritime heritage, of economic opportunities business and nature conservation purposes, existing in sea-related activities, and of the as an educational and promotional tool and as fragility of our marine environment. Ideally a mechanism for outreach to reinforce public EMODNET, the European Atlas of the Seas awareness of our shared maritime heritage. A 4D and Google Ocean should be complementary digital European Atlas of the Seas is essential to initiatives. assist in the creation of the marine and maritime component of the ERA.” 1st Marine Board Forum 2008

1 st Marine Board Forum Data and Information for Policymakers 19

Data and Information for Policymakers ecosystem approach, efficiency and flexibility, and national consensus. These principles are met by Transforming marine science into ecosystem a structure comprised of an Advisory Committee, advice for policymakers: Gerd Hubold (ICES) Advice Drafting Groups, Review Groups, Expert presented the International Council for the Groups, and data compilation workshops. ICES Exploration of the Sea (ICES). The ICES network of advice is requested on a regular basis by member about 200 marine science institutes was created states and partner commissions. It draws on more than 100 years ago, established as an support from the ICES Data Centre. intergovernmental organisation in 1964, and its The ICES Data Centre is part of international data mandate was revised in 2002 to: network and participates in specialised projects. • Promote and encourage marine research; It serves the scientific community with tailored products, e.g. input parameters for fish population • Draw up programmes required for this purpose; models. • Publish or otherwise disseminate the results; The ICES Science Network, ICES Advisory • Give unbiased, sound, reliable, and credible Services, and the ICES Data Centre are services scientific advice on human activities affecting, which the organisation offers to the marine science and affected by, marine ecosystems. community, stakeholders and marine managers in Europe and beyond. WISE initiative - European Commission: according to Violeta Vinceviciene (DG Environment) the Water Information System for Europe (WISE) initiative aims to simplify reporting of EU water-related data and information, and facilitate enhanced use of that information. Violeta Vinceviciene stressed that the European Commission will ensure coherence and adequate partnerships to maximise usefulness of outcomes. She also referred to the relevance of links between “Sustainable management needs credible EMODNET and WISE-Marine. advice; scientific advice needs robust science; marine science needs reliable data.” Gerd Hubold (15 May 2008, Ostend)

Based on the Science Programme, ICES established its Advisory Services. Guiding Principles for the Advisory Services are: objectivity and integrity, openness and transparency, quality assurance and peer review, integrated advice – based on an Marine data challenges

1 st Marine Board Forum Data and Information for Policymakers

EMODNET and WISE-Marine links the preparatory actions were chosen to fit in EMODNET and WISE-Marine are both in line with the requirements of the Directive. One of with the EU’s Inspire Directive and contribute the outcomes of this contract will be a better to its implementation. WISE-Marine intends to understanding of the ability of the present derive a maximum of data from EMODNET, but monitoring network to meet the needs of the will focus its attention on the processing and Directive. EMODNET, as an open data system, is presentation of derived data products for use in then also considered as a significant observation the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) and monitoring data conduit for the part of the perspective or marine environmental management Water Information System for Europe (WISE) generally. The WISE-Marine user communities that will be developed for dealing with marine will, to different degrees, have direct relations information (WISE-Marine) and supporting with EMODNET, depending on how much they the data and indicator needs for the initial require raw data. assessments required by member States in 2012 by the Marine Strategy Framework Directive. For this reason, EMODNET and WISE-Marine WISE and WISE-Marine are thematic branches of are linked in the Terms of Reference for the the envisaged Shared Environmental Information EMODNET tender published by DG-MARE on 1 System (SEIS) based on INSPIRE principles. July 2008: EMODNET data should be directly available for “EMODNET will provide data on scales viewing through WISE-Marine. WISE-Marine defined by the regions and sub-regions of is being developed along a timeline which is in the Marine Strategy Framework Directive. parallel to this EMODNET preparatory action.” The parameters to be collated within

EMODNET and WISE-Marine intended comparative qualities:

EMODNET WISE - Marine Networking facility for maximizing added value European portal for marine environmental from potentially any marine observation and data, information, in line with SEIS; Streamlined official supporting the ‘services’ dimensions of maritime reporting channel, reference centre for thematic sectors and the knowledge base of the maritime marine environmental information. policy. Focus on becoming a ‘data warehouse’ for Focus on becoming a ‘common reporting and marine observations for all types of users. information sharing’ facility for communities in the sphere of marine environmental policy. Regionally coherent, streamlined, raw data sets Prioritized entry levels in WISE-Marine are: accessible to all potential users. Discovery, 1. Indicators and thematic assessments viewing, retrieving. Extensive post-processing 2. Access to underlying data (into information products) not intended. 3. Interpretation in order to derive environmental meaning from data.

Extract from the EC Meeting of 23 July 2008 on the relation between EMODNET and WISE-Marine 1st Marine Board Forum 2008

GEO and GEOSS: Alan Edwards (DG Research) presented the Group on Earth Observations (GEO) - a high-profile and growing international partnership of 72 governments and the European Commission, with the active involvement of 52 participating organisations. The GEO leads a global effort to create within the next ten years a Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS), to provide better information for decision-makers in the realms of the environment, climate and sustainable development. In so doing, it will seek to unite the Earth Observation efforts of its members in order to address priorities in the “Data sharing is a key factor for success; areas of natural and human-induced disasters, without this, it is not possible to deliver benefits agriculture and desertification, human health and towards a common policy for marine waters. well-being, energy resources, climate variability So please get your system into GEOSS!” and change, water cycle, weather, ecosystems, Alan Edwards and biodiversity. (15 May 2008, Ostend) To address threats and ensure sustainable economic development, effective collaboration is required observations, as a basis for information for sound on a global scale. The GEO initiative provides a decision-making. It will enhance delivery of benefits compelling answer, representing a striking example of to society in the following areas: reduction of natural international cooperation in science and technology and human-induced disasters; human health and to improve decision-making on essential issues for well-being; energy resources; climate variability the well-being of the planet and its citizens. and change; water cycle; weather; terrestrial, The development of GEOSS over the next ten coastal and marine ecosystems; sustainable years will provide a better, more systematic agriculture and desertification; and biodiversity. monitoring of our planet and its resources. GEOSS Concluding, Alan Edwards stated that “the GEO will provide an improvement in our understanding represents an important governance experiment, with of the Earth’s system, markedly enhancing global its ‘light’ and voluntary structure.” A GEOSS initial policy and decision-making to promote the operating capability has already been established. environment, human health, safety, and welfare. The Initial Operating Capability Phase of the GEOSS Its specific purpose is to achieve comprehensive, Common Infrastructure (GCI) will bring the GCI into coordinated and sustained observations of the full operation during the 2nd part of 2009. Earth’s system, in order to improve monitoring of the state of the Earth, increase understanding of the Earth processes and enhance prediction of the behaviour of the Earth’s system. GEOSS will meet the need for timely, high quality and long-term global Marine data challenges

1 st Marine Board Forum Data and Information for Policymakers

Data needs for Maritime Transport: according to Willem Laros (Community of European Shipyards Associations – CESA) the three driving force for the Maritime Research and Development are: (i) Technological push; (ii) Socio-economic developments; (iii) Market pull.

Those forces operate within four different sectors: (i) Maritime technology and shipbuilding; (ii) Maritime transport; “Waterborne TP provides a mature platform (iii) Marine infrastructure and services; within which the stakeholders discuss and (iv) Dredging, offshore and energy services. launch new larger common initiatives, both marine and maritime.” The maritime sector strongly supports co-operation and involvement with marine research institutes Willem Laros to meet the objective of the sustainable use of (15 May 2008, Ostend) European seas whilst reaching maritime economic targets. For instance, the Waterborne TP Vision (2005) and related Waterborne TP Strategic Research Agenda (2006) identified the following key challenges: • The equipment and shipbuilding sector progresses towards the development of engines running on new fuel types with more efficient propulsion. The future ship will be more economic and induce less stress on marine ecosystems; • Emissions control requires from the maritime transport sector to focus on the deployment of the next generation of efficient ships, and on the Participants at the 1st Marine Board Forum prevention of spills and waste production. The (15 May 2008, Ostend) current globalization trend and economic growth requires from the transport sector to use larger vessels which need larger ports and deeper water port access; • The offshore energy services industry seeks to exploit alternative energy sources such as wind, 1st Marine Board Forum 2008

wave and tidal energy at sea. There is also a strong push for the development of technologies FP7 Support Actions for Marine and to allow the exploitation of conventional energy Maritime Research Communities: sources at increasing water depth; • EMAR²RES project - Cooperation • The marine infrastructure, services and dredging between the Communities of European sector is currently trying to control and minimize MARine and MARitime REsearch and impacts of large coastal and marine construction Science: The European Commission projects. Hydrodynamics, sediment transport issued a call for proposals to fund the and ecosystem interactions are the core matters. Integration of Marine and Maritime Sciences In parallel this sector will have to plan, design, in Waterborne Transport in support of the construct and develop marine infrastructure so European Research Area (reference: FP7- that it remains competitive. Coastal/port planning SST-2008-RTD-1). The Marine Board was represents a huge challenge for both marine and invited by the maritime industry, represented maritime world. by Waterborne TP, as their partner from the marine research sector, in the development As a result, the maritime sector has key data of their proposal, entitled EMAR²RES. The requirements in the following areas: five-partner consortium is coordinated by • Winds, currents and temperatures (short, medium CESA, and the work is expected to start and long term) to best address competitiveness in autumn 2009. The Marine Board is and climate change matters; tasked to: (i) provide key marine experts to • Ecological and socio-economic value of the participate in a range of foresight activities sea and sea bottom to best identify exploitable (workshops, etc.); and (ii) establish a Policy resources; Interface Panel. • Potential for farming and energy generation; • MARCOM+ proposal - Towards an Inte- • Structure and stability of the sea bottom to best grated Marine and Maritime Science adress competitiveness and climate change, etc. Community: The MARCOM+ proposal addresses the objectives of the Aberdeen Declaration (2007) to support the marine and maritime science communities to realize the concept of partnership through the establishment of a “European Marine Science Partnership that would contribute to developing interactions between partners (Member States, regional authorities, the research community, industry and other stakeholders)”. Marine data challenges

1 st Marine Board Forum Data and Information for Policymakers

Marine Information Management: Identification EurOcean_MaP, the information database of the and Analysis of the Marine Projects Funded European Marine Research Funded Projects, under FP6: Laurent d’Ozouville (EurOcean provides information on projects funded by COST, Portal) presented EurOcean as a focal point EUREKA, EUROCORES (ESF), 6th Framework source for information on marine science and Programme (EC), INTERREG III (EC), LIFE (EC) technology in Europe. EurOcean Internet Portal and SMAP (EC). The information compiled for (www.eurocean.org) aims to provide information on each project includes: acronym, title, contact, topics related to marine science and technology in coordinator country, participating countries, Europe – mainly on the following: marine research regional areas, activity area and type of instrument infrastructures and European research, technology (for FP6 projects), total amount of funding per and development information. project and project summary. EurOcean_MaP has gathered information on 543 projects, of which 267 were funded by the 6th Framework Programme. EurOcean is presently updating the FP6 projects of the information database to a total of 455 identified projects. A statistical analysis of these projects has been carried out, profiling: • Budget awarded by FP6 activity area; • Coordination by and participation of the European countries in the marine FP6 projects; • Repartition of the projects per activity area and “The access to a comprehensive source of data by coordinating countries; and information is necessary for an integrated • Evolution of the FP budget allocated to marine and inter-sectoral approach to ocean affairs in research from 1987 until now. Europe.” Maritime Policy Task Force, European Laurent d’Ozouville Commission: Iain Shepherd (DG MARE) (15 May 2008, Ostend) profiled the work of the European Commission in taking steps towards the implementation of the Integrated Maritime Policy. He emphasised the European Commission’s will to: • Take steps towards a European Marine Observation and Data Network, and towards the promotion of the multi-dimensional mapping of Member States’ waters, in order to improve access to high quality data; • Launch a European Atlas of the Seas - as an educational tool and as a means of highlighting our common maritime heritage. 1st Marine Board Forum 2008

An ocean of opportunity “Europe is surrounded by seas and oceans; they are our past, present and future. The European Union needs an Integrated Maritime Policy to benefit from the full potential of our seas and oceans.” European Commission, 2007

Towards EMODNET (iii) Process and validate at different levels In order to provide a direct and specialised (iv) Sustainable support at an EU level support on matters related to EMODNET, the European Commission has selected a group (v) Building on existing efforts of independent specialists in the collection, (vi) User driven processing and application of marine data. (vii) Clarify ownership, accuracy and precision This group, the Marine Observation and Data (viii) Freedom of use Expert Group (MODEG), includes a broad cross-section of expertise in the different The first call was divided into different lots - types of data - geological, physical, chemical, hydrography, geology, chemistry, biology and biological and the different maritime basins. habitats. The projects defined for each lot will: In June 2008 the Commission issued two • last for two years with a third year dedicated calls for tender for preparatory actions (budget to maintenance; and 3.45 million €) that would test the “proof of • focus on specific sea-basins. concept” of EMODNET based on the eight The EMODNET roadmap, including part of the design principles outlined below: Marine Board EuroGOOS recommendations, (i) Collect data once and share it many times was issued by the European Commission on (ii) Develop standards 7 April 2009. Marine data challenges

1 st Marine Board Forum Data and Information for Policymakers

Seabed Mapping Initiatives experiences to build upon for the rest of EU The Maritime Policy Action Plan includes a Member and Associated States. Some of the commitment by the European Commission key messages delivered to the Member of the to present a programme for the mapping of European Parliament were: seabeds in 2008. EMODNET will include data on • Seabed mapping is a large task for the EU; it is seabeds and the eight basic design principles timely because tight international and European proposed for EMODNET are identical to those for legal obligations and similar in scope to efforts the production of seabed maps. Therefore, this to make terrestrial maps several hundred years roadmap for EMODNET implicitly encompasses a ago; programme for mapping seabeds. A preparatory action starting in 2009 will develop a broad-scale • EEZ of EU Member States is approximately seabed habitat map based on existing data for 9 million km²; twice as much as its terrestrial the Baltic, the greater North Sea and the Western landmass; Mediterranean, using a common approach and • States that have begun to map their offshore a common classification system. areas have also reaped benefits, including more http://ec.europa.eu/maritimeaffairs/ controlled and less wasteful fishing, improved environmental quality, fuel savings, improved A scientific briefing on sea-bed mapping for the stock assessment; European Maritime Policy was co-organised by Ifremer (France), IFM-GEOMAR (Germany), • The estimated cost to map the deep waters and NOCS (UK) at the European Parliament in is approximately 130 million € and the shelves November 2008. The Irish and Norwegian sea- approximately 900 million €. bed mapping programmes were referred to as

Participants at the 1st Marine Board Forum (15 May 2008, Ostend) 1st Marine Board Forum 2008

Data needs for offshore industry: Chr -level for metocean data and how the data are used to support various activities. Chris Shaw presented an overview of metocean as a discipline in the offshore (and onshore) business (e.g. how metocean data is used at different stages of a project’s life cycle). He also highlighted the importance of field data to support real-time operations and to validate historical numerical databases. Key uses of those data are: • Weather forecasting: a tailored product is needed to support the many operations that are carried out on a daily basis worldwide; “Can we make use of what (we think) we • Operational statistics: planning future offshore know about the changing climate, or is it projects requires a good understanding of the premature?” climatic conditions that can be expected each month, each season; Chris Shaw • Design criteria: developing design criteria (15 May 2008, Ostend) (nowadays often 10,000 year return period values are requested) is a challenging matter and requires good datasets as well as experienced people. A look at trends in data requirements is also provided. Marine data challenges

1 st Marine Board Forum Discussions and Recommendations

The presentations delivered at the 1st Marine Board and offshore structures) to maximise their use and Forum described the many well developed research, benefit, was stated. Critical issues, such as climate observation and marine data networks in Europe, change and the implementation of an ecosystem and the high degree of partnership and cooperation approach to environmental management, demand that already exists. Substantial progress, particularly and greatly benefit from, these long-term datasets. in technology and integration, has been made in The Forum agreed that working in partnership recent years, yet the marine data community would be essential to convince national still recognises that its fragmentation is a key governments and private sector funding barrier to further development. bodies of the critical need for such data and data collection facilities. Challenges for marine observation and Data management, including curation and data quality assurance: The Pandora’s Box that is data management was evidenced by the variety Under the moderation of Geoffrey O’Sullivan and number of organisations involved and the (Marine Institute, Ireland) four key challenges advanced technologies employed in marine data were identified: management. Issues of standardisation and (i) Make the necessary observations – interoperability still abound. While efforts are being recognising that much of the ocean is under- made to establish a number of portal sites to provide sampled and that monitoring is expensive, single points of access, the Forum was challenged technically challenging and requires a long- to demonstrate that the marine data management term and sustained commitment; community was playing its role as part of the data flow chain and not just managing data for the sake (ii) Store the observation data – with of management, in a self sustaining role. associated quality control and metadata; Data accessibility: The Forum agreed that (iii) Make the observation data accessible; observational data, collected at great expense and (iv) Produce the information and services often by public agencies, should, where possible, required at local, regional, European be made readily available to those who need it and and global scales that meet identified in a format that they can use. Such data must carry commercial, societal and environmental the necessary Quality Assurance, giving confidence needs in a cost efficient way. to end-users to invest in transforming observations into useful operational products. Maintenance of long-term in situ observations: Information: Data collection and management is Aspects of the technical and financial challenges futile unless it can be converted into both usable inherent in maintaining long-term in-situ ocean and useful information. Furthermore, not all data monitoring devices, often in inaccessible and provision is driven by science; much comes harsh ocean conditions, were discussed. The from the policy and regulatory regimes, and from need to link existing data flows from public and industry. These players should also be included in private observations (e.g. from research vessels, a wider European marine and maritime data and data buoys, satellites, oil rigs and other coastal observation network. 1st Marine Board Forum 2008

Those in need of marine information were identified The 1st Marine Board Forum welcomed the to include: European Commission’s European Marine Observation and Data Network (EMODNET) • Policymakers: to assist in evidence-based policy initiative, a component part of the Integrated making; Maritime Policy for the European Union • Private sector: to reduce risk, enhance (October 2007). The Forum noted that the productivity, provide forecasts, and develop Aberdeen Declaration (EurOCEAN Conference, and market new commercial knowledge-based June 2007) had also endorsed EMODNET, stating products and services; that EMODNET should be a comprehensive marine observation system spanning the full chain from • Researchers: to prove/disprove their hypotheses, in situ data collection to the provision of usable facilitate new discoveries, and provide a better information to end-users. understanding of the world around us; • General public, who have an insatiable and genuine interest in the marine and maritime realm. Marine data challenges

annexes

Annex I - Photographs 1st Marine Board Forum Organisation • Text: Misjel Decleer • Cover page, credit to: NIOZ; ESA; NIOZ Forum Programme Committee Lars Horn (Marine Board Chair) Forum material and presentations Antoine Dosdat (Marine Board vice-Chair) available at: www.esf.org/marineboard/forum Ed Hill (Marine Board vice-Chair) Jan de Leeuw (Marine Board vice-Chair) Jan Mees (Marine Board vice-Chair) Kostas Nittis (Marine Board vice-Chair) Niamh Connolly (Marine Board Executive Scientific Secretary) Forum Organising Committee Niamh Connolly (Marine Board Executive Scientific Secretary) Jan-Bart Calewaert (Marine Board Science Officer) Aurélien Carbonnière (Marine Board Science Officer) Dina Eparkhina (Marine Board Administrator) Maud Evrard (Marine Board Science Officer) Forum Rapporteurs Jacky Wood (Marine Board Delegate, NOCS, UK) Erlend Moksness (Marine Board Delegate, IMR, Norway) Proceedings Editors Niamh Connolly (Marine Board Executive Scientific Secretary) Maud Evrard (Marine Board Science Officer)

1st Marine Board Forum Organising Committee

Marine Board Delegates prior to the 1st Marine Board Forum (14 May 2008, Ostend)

Cover page pictures credit: NIOZ; ESA; NOCS 1st Marine Board Forum 2008

Annex II - List of acronyms EuroGOOS: European Global Ocean Observing System 3D: three dimensional EWI: Flanders Economy, Science and Innovation 4D: four dimensional Administration ATM: Automated Teller Machine FP: European Commission Framework CESA: Community of European Shipyards Programme (EC) Associations GCI: GEOSS Common Infrastructure COST: European Cooperation in Science and GEO: Group on Earth Observations Technology GEOSS: Global Earth Observation System DG: Directorate General of Systems DG MARE: Directorate General for Maritime GEO-BON: Group on Earth Observations Affairs and Fisheries Biodiversity Observation Network DNA: DesoxyriboNucleic Acid GMES: Global Monitoring for Environment EC: European Commission and Security (EU – European Space Agency) ECOOP: European COastal Sea Operational ICES: International Council for the Exploration observing and forecasting systems (FP6 IP) of the Sea EDIOS: European Directory of the Ocean- IFM-GEOMAR: Leibniz Institute of Marine observing System Sciences at the University of Kiel (Germany) EEZ: Exclusive Economic Zone Ifremer: French institute for the exploitation EMAR²RES: European MARine and MARitime of the sea REsearch and Science (FP7 Support Action) INSPIRE: European Directive establishing EMODNET: European Marine Observation and Infrastructure for Spatial Information Data NETwork (EC) in the European Community EMSO: European Multidisciplinary Seafloor INTERREG: Interregional cooperation Observatory programme (EC) ERA: European Research Area IOC: Intergovernmental Oceanographic ERMS: European Register for Marine Species Commission ESF: European Science Foundation IODE: International Oceanographic Data ESONET: European Seas Observatory Network and Information Exchange of Excellence (FP6 NoE) IP: Integrated Project (FP funding scheme) EU: European Union ISO: International Organisation EUREKA: pan-European network for Standardisation for market-oriented, industrial R&D IT: Information Technology EurOBIS: European node of the Ocean I3: Integrated Infrastructure Initiative Biogeographic Information System (FP funding scheme) EurOcean: Marine information webportal JCOMM: Joint WMO-IOC technical Commission EurOCEAN: Science Policy Conference series for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology EUR-OCEANS: Climate Change and Marine JRC: Joint Research Center (EC) Ecosystems (FP6 NoE) LIFE: Financial instrument supporting EUROCORES: European Collaborative Research environmental and nature conservation (EC) (ESF funding scheme) Marine data challenges

annexes

LOV: Laboratoire d’Océanographie de NOCS: National Oceanography Centre, Villefranche (France) Southampton (UK) MarBEF: Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem NODCs: National Oceanographic Data Centres Functioning (FP6 NoE) NoE: Network of Excellence (FP funding scheme) MARCOM+: Towards an Integrated Marine and OAIS: Open Archival Information System Maritime Science Community (FP7 Support Action OBI: Ocean Biodiversity Informatics proposal) ODINs: Ocean Data and Information Networks MARIS: Marine Information Service (private OECD: Organisation for Economic Co-operation company) and Development MARUM: Center for marine environmental OGP: Oil and Gas Producers research (Germany) POGO: Partnership for Observation MAST: Marine, Science and Technology of the Global Oceans Programme (FP funding scheme) QA: Quality Assurance MB-ESF: Marine Board – European Science S.A.: Public Limited Company Foundation SeaDataNet: Pan-European infrastructure MedGOOS: Mediterranean Global Ocean for ocean and marine data management (FP6 I3) Observing System SEIS: Shared Environmental Information System MERSEA: Marine Environment and Security SMAP: Short and Medium-Term Priority for the European Area (FP6 IP) Environmental Action Programme (EC) MI: Marine Institute (Ireland) TP: Technology Platform (EC scheme) MODEG: Marine Observation and Data UNESCO: United Nations Educational, Scientific Expert Group (EC) and Cultural Organisation MSFD: Marine Strategy Framework Directive VLIZ: Flanders Marine Institute NGO: Non Governmental Organisation WISE: Water Information System for Europe (EC) NIOO: Netherlands Institute of Ecology WMO: World Meteorological Organisation NIOZ: Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea WoRMS: World and European Register Research of Marine Species 1st Marine Board Forum 2008

Annex III - List of participants Angell-Hansen, Kathrine EC DG MARE Appeltans, Ward VLIZ, Belgium Balino, Beatriz University of Bergen, Norway Beckers, Jean-Marie University of Liège, Belgium Belpaeme, Kathy Provincial Coastal Management, Belgium Carlo Heip Netherlands Institute of Ecology Chris Shaw Shell Claus, Simon VLIZ, Belgium Dahlin, Hans EuroGOOS de Armas, Demetrio IEO, Spain de Bruin, Taco NIOZ, The Netherlands de Leeuw, Jan W. NIOZ, The Netherlands Debergh, Heidi VLIZ, Belgium Decadt, Brigitte BELSPO, Belgium Deneudt, Klaas VLIZ, Belgium Dera, Jerzy Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland Dick M.A. Schaap SeaDataNet Diepenbroek, Michael MARUM, Germany Ditlefsen, Anne The Research Council of Norway Dosdat, Antoine Ifremer, France d’Ozouville, Laurent EurOcean Dunne, Declan CMRC, Ireland Dürr, Sören German Research Foundation (DFG) Edwards, Alan EC DG RTD Farcy, Patrick Ifremer, France Fournier, Laure TOTAL Fretzdorff, Susanne Project Management Organisation Juelich, Germany Fuchs, Jacques EC DG MARE Gerdes, Albert MARUM, Germany Giske, Jarl University of Bergen, Norway Grehan, Anthony National University of Ireland Hedlund, Nina Research Council of Norway Héral, Maurice Ifremer, France Herman, Rudy Flanders Authority, Belgium Hernandez, Francisco VLIZ, Belgium Herzig, Peter IFM-GEOMAR, Germany Horn, Lars Research Council of Norway Hubold, Gerd ICES Marine data challenges

annexes

Jagot, Charlotte Ifremer, France Janssen, Colin Ghent University, Belgium Joyce, John R. Marine Institute, Ireland Kallio, Arja ESF Laros, Willem Waterborne TP Lau, Thomas ESF Lehtimäki, Jaana Academy of Finland Maelfait, Hannelore Provincial Coastal Management, Belgium Marks, John ESF Marshall-Brown, Kim NOCS, UK Mees, Jan VLIZ, Belgium Michael Diepenbroek MARUM, Germany Minster, Jean-François TOTAL Moksness, Erlend Institute of Marine Research, Norway Monfray, Patrick National Center for Scientific Research, France Nittis, Kostas HCMR, Greece Nuevo-Alarcon, Miguel EC DG RTD O’Sullivan, Geoffrey Marine Institute, Ireland Parrilla-Barrera, Gregorio Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Spain Patrascu, Vasile National Institute for Marine Research and Development “Grigore Antipa”, Romania Person, Roland Ifremer, France Pesant, Stephane LOV, France Petit, Carine COST Pissierssens, Peter UNESCO/IOC Project Office for IODE Polat Beken, Colpan TUBITAK, Turkey Pollentier, André MUMM, Belgium Reynaert, Ingrid Government of Flanders, Belgium Riise, Tore Ministry of Fisheries and Coastal Affairs, Norway Ruddick, Kevin MUMM, Belgium Ruivo, Mario FCT, Portugal Saab, Waddah EC DG MARE Sagan, Slawomir Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland Samuel-Rhoads, Yianna University of Cyprus Sansoglou, Paris Waterborne TP Scholten, Martin EFARO Schorno, Raymond NOW, The Netherlands Seys, Jan VLIZ, Belgium Sheperd, Iain EC DG MARE 1st Marine Board Forum 2008

Soomere, Tarmo Estonian Academy of Sciences Tréguer, Paul EUR-OCEANS Van Hoof, Luc EFARO Van Lancker, Vera Ghent University, Belgium Vandepitte, Leen VLIZ, Belgium Versteeg, Willem Ghent University, Belgium Violeta Vinceviciene EC DG ENV von Bodungen, Bodo DFG, Germany Winkler-Nees, Stefan DFG, Germany Wood, Jacky NOCS, UK

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