Environmental Pollution and Control Research Published Online July 16, 2015 (
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International Journal of Environmental Pollution and Control Research Published online July 16, 2015 (http://www.scienceresearchlibrary.com) Vol. 01, No. 01, pp. 24 - 29 Research Article Open Access STATISTICAL STUDY ON FLUORIDE CONTENT IN GROUND AND SURFACE WATER AND ITS STANDARDIZED EFFECTIVE RATES OF DISEASES AT BASAVANA BAGEWADI AND MUDDEBIHAL TALUKA OF BIJAPUR DISTRICT KARNATAKA , INDIA. Smt. S.C.Kalamath, Smt, P.H. Hugar and M.S.Yadawe S.B. Arts and KCP Science College Bijapur 586103,Karnataka, India Corresponding author: [email protected] Received: June 03, 2015 / Accepted : June 11, 2015 ⓒ Science Research Library Abstract : Secondary data is taken from the investigation which was undertaken in 10 villages (28 samples ) of Basavana Bagewadi Taluka and 11 villages (38 samples ) of Muddebihal Taluka of Bijapur district to assess fluoride in water and also its clinical symptoms like dental skletal and diseases. Fluoride content varies from 0.4 – 6.4 mg/L in Basavana Bagawadi taluka and 1.10- 7.10 mg/ L in Muddebihal taluka. However 12 samples are with in the range while 16 samples are above the permissible limit at Basavana Bagewadi taluka , whereas in Muddebihal taluka all the values are above of WHO respectively. Standardized effective rates of dental and skletal fluorosis. Joint Pains and gastro intestinal discomfort at Basavana Bagewadi is less than that of Muddeibhal taluka . According to large sample test the proportion people affected due to fluoride are more in Muddebihal taluka than Basavana Bagewadi Taluka. Key words: Fluoride , Clinical Symptom, Dental Skeletal fluorosis, standardized effective rates, large sample test, correlation, proportion. Introduction: Fluoride is key aspect of water quality in rural water supply system, which potentially affects the sustainability of water if its exceeds its prescribed limit . Fluorosis is an endemic disease resulting from excess in take of fluoride either through drinking water, food or dentifrices at concentration of 6.200 ppm or above1. At first in 1937, the excessive fluoride in ground water reported in India in State of A.P. Approximately 62 million people including 6 million children suffering from Fluorosis because of consumption of water with high fluoride concentration (Sushila 1999). 17 states in India have been identified as endemic for fluorosis 1 .Gulbarga of Karnataka was found to be a endomic area .The amount of flouride occuring naturaly in ground water is governed by climate, composition of host rock , and hydrogeology . The major source of fluoride in ground water are due to fluoride having rocks such as fluorospar, Cryolute, Flarapatile and hydroxylapatile fluorosis. Fluorosis of teeth has been reported to affect dental enamel, chronic fluorine intoxication through drinking water contained above 10 ppm of fluorine results in pathological changes of bone leading to skeletal fluorosis . water is the medimum of intake of humans Fluoride can rapidly cross cell membrane and distributed in skletal and cardic muscles ,liver ,skin and erithrocytes .2 An attempt has been made statistically to correlate the concentration of Fluoride with measured parameters and conditions affecting the ground water quality and statistically comparative study of B.Bagewadi and Muddebihal Taluka of Bijapur district has been made. Experimental : For present study 28 samples of B.Bagewadi Taluka and 38 samples of Muddebihal Taluka of Bijapur District collected .Dental, skeletal , joint and pains and gastrointestinal diseases of both sexes between ages 8- 50 years are noted and also it is noted that there are no major surface water in the study area . However main source of water in selected area are open wells hand pumps and bore wells . Physicochemical characteristics of water quality in selected villages B.Bagewadi Taluka. Sl.No. Village Source Cond PH TDS Total Ca, Cl SO4 Fluoride mho/cm mg/L Hardness mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L 1 Karishyal 8.03 814.00 572.00 29.00 58.00 148.00 6.40 2 Abbihal HP 1.40 7.80 964.00 589.00 53.00 98.00 195.00 2.80 3 Vandal BW 2.80 8.10 1265.00 598.00 29.00 110.00 245.00 6.30 www.scienceresearchlibrary.com Int Journal of Environmental Pollution and Control Research Statistical study on Fluoride Content in Ground and Surface Water…. 25 4 Gonal (RC) BW 1.92 7.80 1362.00 600.00 32.00 130.00 310.00 6.40 5 Kadakol BW 1.15 8.22 830.00 560.00 50.00 90.00 120.00 2.50 6 Sindageri BW 2.12 7.80 1500.00 880.00 56.00 180.00 564.00 2.40 7 Maradagi L.T. (RC) 3.60 8.00 2410.00 220.00 260.00 260.00 1290.00 3.80 8 Gani L.T BW 1.00 7.50 505.00 440.00 90.00 88.00 142.00 2.60 9 Areshankar BW 1.20 1.20 480.00 480.00 14.60 35.00 110.00 6.00 10 Muddapur BW 4.60 7.50 3424.00 600.00 120.00 660.00 1280.00 5.40 11 Sindageri OW 1.90 8.30 1501.00 950.00 55.00 176.00 544.00 2.40 12 Nandihal BW 2.03 7.40 1555.00 870.00 183.00 65.00 325.00 0.70 13 Yaranal BW 4.62 7.50 3034.00 2380.00 675.00 1058.00 590.00 1.00 14 Hattarakihal BW 2.10 7.67 1515.00 850.00 51.00 88.00 596.00 1.00 15 Rajanal BW 1.14 8.00 770.00 460.00 60.00 84.00 45.00 2.60 16 Jweeralabhavi BW 2.00 8.10 1418.00 725.00 75.00 270.00 205.00 1.50 17 Honnalli BW 1.60 7.50 1100.00 685.00 33.66 55.00 8.00 0.60 18 Rambhapur BW 4.40 7.50 2899.00 845.00 45.00 360.00 897.00 0.90 19 Nagathan BW 1.80 7.25 1225.00 382.00 40.00 190.00 120.00 0.40 20 Hunshyal Bw 3.60 7.70 2500.00 1200.00 40.10 264.00 528.00 0.40 21 Madasnal BW 2.30 7.39 1550.00 620.00 48.00 364.00 300.00 0.70 22 Ingnal BW 2.80 7.40 2220.00 800.00 64.12 630.00 425.00 0.50 23 Kaulagi BW 1.70 7.48 1290.00 1040.00 278.00 352.00 180.00 0.60 24 Sikalawadi BW 1.40 7.61 950.00 704.00 123.00 176.00 188.00 1.40 25 Akalawadi BW 1.70 7.50 1150.00 952.00 169.00 204.00 552.00 1.38 26 Mukartial BW 1.35 7.66 920.00 536.00 56.00 100.00 168.00 1.80 27 Angadageri BW 0.80 7.67 558.00 456.00 47.00 72.00 44.00 2.00 28 Solawadagi BW 2.37 7.64 1584.00 596.00 41.000 220.00 472.00 1.20 BW :Borewell HP:Hand pump OW :Open well The analytical report reveals that Fluoride values vary from 0.40-6.40 mg/L and 1.10-7.10 mg/L , however 12 samples were within range while 16 samples were above the permissible limits at B.Bagewadi taluka whereas in Muddebihal taluka all the values are above the permissible limits of WHO respectively . Physicochemical characteristics of water quality in selected villages of Muddeibhal Taluka. Sl.No. Village Source Cond PH TDS Total Ca CL SO4 Fluoride mho/ mg/L Hardness Mg/L mg/L mg/L Mg/L cm mg/L 1 Adavisomanal infront of Pujari house BW 2.10 7.5 544 896 1181.0 304 536.00 3.20 2 Hulagabal / Infront of Hanuman temple Khilarahatti/ Nr. BW 3.33 7.5 2450 364 112.0 460 544.00 2.80 3 Huligemma temple Garasangi /Nr OW 1.19 7.8 844 352 48.00 120 116.00 3.60 4 Basapa Myageri field Madri RC / Nr BW 1.76 8.50 1001 215 40.00 104 280.0 6.60 5 Siddappa meti field handrail ? Infront of BW 1.34 8.42 934 336 59.0 168 152.00 2.80 6 B.Y Bidiri house Kuchabal / Infront of OW 1.76 8.50 1276 160 16.0 132 304.0 5.80 7 Hadapad master Kuchabal /Nr BW 1.78 7.31 1420 380 80.0 240 644.0 4.00 8 Bhimashankar Temple OW 2.74 8.09 2100 600 126.0 420 848.0 2.80 9 Lingadahalli /Infront of Mk Harijan BW 2.70 8.19 2098 628 50.0 252 1024.00 4.50 10 Lingadahalli Int Journal of Environmental Pollution and Control Research www.scienceresearchlibrary.com Statistical study on Fluoride Content in Ground and Surface Water…. 26 /Beside hanuman temple. BW 3.90 8.28 3020 544 43.0 480 1408.0 3.30 11 Bantanur (Tanda Nr Kulkarni Pond Gutakhandaki OW 1.10 8.36 766 204 29.0 52 128.0 3.10 12 Garasangappa Gowda kannal BW 7.16 7.76 498 232 38.0 32 24.00 3.30 13 Geddalamari /NR Bus stand BW 9.48 7.67 544 372 54.00 80 32.00 1.60 14 Hadalageri /Infront of Durganna Temple OW 4.98 7.48 3490 1520 186.00 1072 464.00 3.10 15 Mudnal LT /2 In Tanda BW 8.38 8.09 618 380 56.00 72 52.00 2.50 16 Budihal (PN) Mallappa Koganur Budihal PN BW 8.66 7.44 626 336 73.50 72 38.00 2.80 17 Behind anganawadi Kendra BW 7.14 7.30 546 304 65.50 40 24.00 3.00 18 Jangamural/Nr Govt Primary school BW 1.86 7.53 1260 280 46.00 128 320.00 4.20 19 Malagaladinni Infront of Hanumant Somanal house BW 1.86 7.45 1360 444 89.50 220 240.00 2.50 20 HULLUR LT BAsur Rathod house BW 6.75 7.88 460 416 38.00 32 17.00 6.40 21 Jattagi Nr overhead water tank OW 8.57 8.09 594 224 35.00 44 15.00 4.60 22 Koppal / IN shanteshwar Math Ingalaeriokkp.