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Dilemmák, Talányok Az Analitikus Metafizika Világában
Dilemmák, talányok az analitikus metafizika világában kézirat András Ferenc 2021. február 7. Tartalomjegyzék Eloszó˝ xi 1. Széljegyzetek a fizika és metafizika kapcsolatáról 1 1.1. Csak puszta nyelv a logika és a matematika? . 2 Esti beszélgetés . 2 Mondhat-e bármit a filozófia a természettudósnak? . 2 Lezárás helyett . 4 1.2. Van-e szerkezete a valóságnak? . 5 1.3. Kocsi és súly . 9 Bevezetés . 9 Példa 1. 9 Mire használhatók a formulák? . 12 Mit jelentenek a korábbi fizikai formulák? . 12 Aktuális vagy potenciális értékek? . 14 Lehetoség˝ és szükségszer˝uség . 15 A példa létezési elofeltevései˝ . 15 Fizikai tárgyak . 15 Ido.................................................˝ 16 Univerzálék . 16 Trópusok . 17 További feltevések . 18 Külso˝ és belso˝ kérdések . 18 1.4. A piszkavasat t˝uzbetesszük . 20 Bevezetés . 20 Példa 2. 20 iii A példa filozófiai vonatkozásai . 21 Modális fogalmak egy alternatív értelmezése . 22 Véges automata . 23 A lehetséges világok és az alternatíva reláció meghatározása . 25 Lehetoség˝ és szükségszer˝uséga véges automaták világában . 26 A gyozedelmes˝ argumentum cáfolata . 28 Zárszó . 29 1.5. „Több dolgok vannak földön és égen, Horatio . ” . 31 2. Determinizmus, okság, magyarázat 35 2.1. Logikai determinizmus . 36 Bevezetés . 36 2.2. Elso˝ rész: ahogy lesz, úgy lesz . 36 Expozíció . 36 Mi hordozza az igazságot? . 36 A bölcsek köve . 39 A sors könyve . 40 Repríz . 41 2.3. Második rész – Determinizmus koncepciók . 41 Használjunk modellt! . 41 (i) Útkeresztezodés˝ . 42 (ii) Háromszög . 42 (iii) Egydimenziós világ . 45 (iv) Pénzfeldobás . 47 Hol a hiba a logikai determinizmusban? . 47 Jövore˝ vonatkozó állítások . 49 Létezik-e jelen? . 50 2.4. Otthon maradhatott-e Caesar ama végzetes napon? . 53 Bevezetés . 53 A jövot˝ látta a jós vagy csak a veszélyt? . -
Buridan's Treatise on Consequences and Other Writings
Buridan's Treatise on Consequences and Other Writings https://www.historyoflogic.com/buridan-logic-two.htm History of Logic from Aristotle to Gödel by Raul Corazzon | e-mail: [email protected] Buridan's Logical Works. II. The Treatise on Consequence and Other Writings TRACTATUS DE CONSEQUENTIIS (In preparation) QUAESTIONES LONGE SUPER LIBRUM PERIHERMENEIAS "The present work contains the first critical edition of John Buridan's Questiones longe super Librum Perihermeneias Aristotilis. (...) Now we should have to answer the question: when were the questions on Perihermeneias written? Little is known about the chronology of Buridan's works. Even a relative date is difficult to establish. However, some remarks can be made. First, there is the fact that the questions on Perihermeneias are quoted several times in Tractatus I of the Summule (4), in a way that makes it highly probable that the Summule were written after the Questiones on Perihermeneias (5). Now, according to professor Pinborg the first lectura of the Summule may be dated as early as the late 1320es (6), that is at the very beginning of Buridan's career as a teacher of philosophy at the university of Paris. This may be an indication for an early date of the Questiones on Perihermeneias, possibly as early as 1325. There are two other reasons for assuming that the commentary on Perihermeneias is one of Buridan's first works. The first clue is given by the places where Buridan refers to one of his own works: once he refers to his commentary on Porphyry's Isagoge (7), twice to his commentary on Aristotle's Metaphysics (8), and six times to his commentary on the Physics (9). -
Summulae De Dialectica
Buridan's Logical Works: Summulae de dialectica https://www.historyoflogic.com/buridan-logic-one.htm History of Logic from Aristotle to Gödel by Raul Corazzon | e-mail: [email protected] Buridan's Logical Works. I. An Overview of the Summulae de dialectica INTRODUCTION: THE PLACE OF BURIDAN IN THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY 1 di 22 29/12/2018, 18:37 Buridan's Logical Works: Summulae de dialectica https://www.historyoflogic.com/buridan-logic-one.htm "In this essay, I wish to question the view that the distinction between medieval and early modern philosophy is primarily one of method. I shall argue that what has come to be known as the modern method in fact owes much to the natural philosophy of John Buridan (ca. 1295-1361), a secular arts master who taught at the University of Paris some three centuries before Descartes. Surrounded by conflicts over institutional governance and curricular disputes, Buridan emerged as a forceful voice for the independence and autonomy of teachers in the faculty of arts, arguing that philosophy as properly practiced belonged to them, the "artists artistae", not to those who taught in the so-called 'higher' faculties of theology, law, and medicine. Now such voices had been heard before at Paris, most notably from Averroist arts masters in the late 13th and early 14th-centuries.(*) Buridan is different, however, because unlike Boethius of Dacia and John of Jandun, he knew how to make the case for artistic autonomy without denigrating the theology and thereby inviting official condemnation. His trick was not to argue that there are 'two truths', one acquired and the other revealed, which might well come into conflict with each other, or that propositions whose truth has been revealed in scripture in no way qualify as scientia.