Brussels, International Capital THE FIGURES 2020 Every day, key decisions that improve people’s lives are taken in . The Capital of Europe is the place where responses to global challenges in a multitude of policy areas are being negotiated and decided by leaders from Europe and all over the world. Together with Washington, Brussels is one of the world’s hotspots for media coverage.

As a city-region, we are proud to host this unique range of European institutions and international organisations for over more than 60 years.

Their presence is a testament to the city-region’s status as a global political and diplomatic hub and has an enormous impact on the economy and employment of our Region. The figures and graphs on the next pages demonstrate how much of its wealth and international reputation stems from this status.

editorial Furthermore, the presence of international organisations and agencies also contributes to increasing Brussels’ attractiveness as a vivid business and investment location, as well as an attractive destination for the MICE sector (Meetings, Incentives, Conferences & Exhibitions).

Stronger structural ties with international institutions on Brussels territory have been developed with the appointment of the Brussels Commissioner for Europe and International Organisations in 2014. This definitely gave a boost to our host region policy, fostering positive relations and encouraging structural collaboration at all levels.

As a regional government we take our commitment very seriously, focusing on further managing this unique international ecosystem which characterises our Region. Not only on an institutional level, but also by supporting new initiatives to fully and harmoniously integrate and reconcile the international community into the fabric of our vibrant and diverse society. That’s what makes Brussels what it is: a city where everybody feels welcome and at home.

Pascal SMET Rudi VERVOORT Secretary of State for European Minister-President and International Relations of the Brussels-Capital Region contents PAGE 34 PAGE 33 PAGE 30 PAGE 29 PAGE 28 PAGE 26 PAGE 24 PAGE 22 PAGE 20 PAGE 19 PAGE 16 PAGE 14 PAGE 12 PAGE 10 PAGE 8 PAGE 6 PAGE 5 PAGE 4 PAGE

ANNEXES TO THANKS WITH 4.2 4.1 4. 3.2 3.1 3. 2. 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1. INTRODUCTION ABOUT

ECONOMY

EMPLOYMENT THE INTERNATIONAL PLAYERS IN BRUSSELS ECONOMY AND EMPLOYMENT IN BRUSSELS BRUSSELS IN THE INTERNATIONAL THE IN RANKINGS BRUSSELS WHERE DO THEY LIVE? WHERE THEY DO WHAT THEIR ARE ORIGINS? REGIONAL REPRESENTATIONS INTERNATIONAL TRAINEESHIPS AND SCHOOLS INTERNATIONAL PRESS THE LOBBY WORLD INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS UNION THE EUROPEAN POPULATION BRUSSELS IN BRUSSELS, INTERNATIONALBRUSSELS, CAPITAL THE FIGURES about support of statistical research. of statistical support in available was knowledge of in-house amount a large especially institutional and administrative. Fortunately, international of dimension, Brussels’ aspects possible of all knowledge by athorough sustained is and research however rigorous and more previous than detailed is measurement conceptually Impact incomparable. results are methods, and differentused approaches previous studies As provided. are values”) “missing known (including ahigher to one statistics), official on (based alower scenario from varying estimations, impact and have made been assumptions available, not were these When measurement. impact economic socio- the for of proof source aprime as used been have statistics research substantiated Scientifically (VUB). Universiteit Brussel by Vrije the territory, conducted its on institutions international and of European presence of the impacts economic of the estimation the on focus with aspecific Region Brussels-Capital of the dimension international give to of aims the overview an publication present The 2020

our office in 2019. office our by 2020, review) under commissioned (VUB, Ysebaert Spithoven, Walter André Dotti, Francesco by Nicola Region MultiplierCapital using a Local Approach” Brussels- the on Institutions European and International of Impacts Economic of the “Estimations report the to we refer measurement, of impact account For adetailed multinational in Brussels. located companies of foreign and activities the not but lobbying, include 2016-17, year the to refer also and estimations Impact 2018-2020. period the to refer data (BISA), most Analysis and Statistics for Institute byprovided Brussels the which were data exception of statistical With the 4

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- its international dimension! international its it with linking without Brussels about talk Today longer no can we culture, multilingualism and touristic attractiveness. employment, its on as well as communes, its and Region our of “richness” general the on role international Brussels’ of impact growing the note –to life social and political involved Brussels’ in those –particularly readers our Iinvite figures, these Beyond status. international Region’s by our attracted visitors many the of return the and appeal Brussels’ of relaunch the for therefore and employment, and economy our for key sector this in invest have to ever, than therefore will have! we More not do regions and cities other many that opportunity an as obviously even more and therefore appears Region our in institutions public international strong of presence The ... economy, our society, our lives, our of organisation the of aspects all changed have profoundly measures accompanying and lockdown The world... our have disrupted pandemic Covid-19 the from resulting events recent Meanwhile, dimension. international this of development upward clear the underline and tools statistical precise more much of use the to due remarkable, truly are figures the of Some capital. ternational in an as role our of development continuing the of direction the in point them of All have changed! figures many that You notice will Commissioner of the Brussels Government the of Brussels Commissioner Alain HUTCHINSONAlain 5 -

The international players in Brussels

If Brussels is referred to as the “Capital of Europe”, it is because of its diversity, its accessibility, and particularly the presence of the major European Union organisations, in addition to many other significant intergovernmental institutions.

Though rather small in size, its growing international position has made it a political world region, where incessant decision- making and consultation, both on a multilateral as on a bilateral diplomatic level, on matters of global significance takes place.

BRUSSELS, INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL THE FIGURES 2020 6 65 offices of intergovernmental 1 organisations Looking in greater detail, a total of 38 European Union organisations have their headquarters or a liaison office in the Brussels-Capital Region, as well as 38 EU 8 agencies and centres linked to NATO, 25 United Nations programmes and agen- organisations cies, and some other 32 intergovernmental organisations of various sizes. A total of 48.909 people work for the European and international organisations in Brussels; up to 50.000 and more if trainees are included. 48.909 international staff

The number of (individual) lobbyists circulating around the business districts over between at least the year can vary between at least 7.000 and 25.000, depending on the events and 7.000 and 25.000 lobbyists meetings taking place. At the time of going to press, the number of lobby organisations and individual lobbyists registered in the transparency register of the European institutions was 11.698, amongst which 3.887 had an office established in Brussels. 33 international schools The educational institutions in Brussels also contribute to its cosmopolitan profile, as there are 22 international schools (and 11 others in surrounding areas) that educate approximately 25.000 pupils, and we host around 8.000 trainees every year. 730 journalists

Finally, the Brussels-Capital Region is home to about 730 journalists (a number that can increase up to 1.500 during EU Council meetings), 7.673 diplomatic personnel and 300 regional around 300 regional and local representations. representations The international players in Brussels in players The international BRUSSELS, INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL THE FIGURES 2020 7 1 1.1 THE EUROPEAN UNION

A total of 38 European Union organisations have their Among other EU bodies based in Brussels there are the:

headquarters or liaison offices here.  European Defence Agency (EDA)

 Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency These include the most important institutions, such as the (EACEA) European Parliament, the European Council, the Council of the European Union and the European Commission, as well  Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized as consultative bodies, namely the European Economic Enterprises (EASME) and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions.  Research Executive Agency (REA)

 European Research Council Executive Agency (ERCEA) Other organisations include diverse bodies and institu-  Innovation and Networks Executive Agency (INEA) tions, such as executive agencies, joint undertakings and Brussels representation offices of a number of EU institu- See detailed list page 34. tions having their headquarters elsewhere.

The European Union counts for a significant number of employees in Brussels (more than 37.000). For a detailed chart with the updated figures, including contract agents and seconded agents (temporary staff), but excluding ex- ternal staff and trainees, see page 26. 38 EU 37.340 organisations EU staff The international players in Brussels in players The international BRUSSELS, INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL THE FIGURES 2020 8 THE EUROPEAN UNION THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION It safeguards the interests of the EU as a whole. It makes 1 IN BRUSSELS proposals for new legislation to the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, and ensures that EU law is correctly applied by EU countries.

THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL This is the EU directly-elected body, with legislative, budgetary and supervisory powers. Together with the Council COMMITTEE (EESC) of the EU, it is responsible for adopting EU legislation. The This is a consultative body of the European Union set up to Members of the European Parliament (“MEPs”) are directly advise EU decision-makers. Its members are representatives elected by voters in all member states to represent people’s of all the different sectors of “organised civil society”, interests with regard to EU law-making. The plenary sessions including employers, trade unions, and other groups. are held monthly in the Strasbourg seat.

THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS (COR) THE EUROPEAN COUNCIL It is a political assembly bringing together the voice of re- It consists of the heads of state or government of the member gions and cities in the EU. This consultative body represents states, together with its President and the President of the local and regional authorities across the European Union Commission. It defines the general political direction and and advises on new laws that have an impact on regions and priorities of the European Union, without being a legislating cities. institution.

EUROPEAN EXTERNAL ACTION SERVICE (EEAS) THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION This is the European Union’s diplomatic service. It helps Also informally referred to as the Council of Ministers, it is the EU’s foreign affairs chief – the High Representative for the forum of national ministers from every EU country that Foreign Affairs and Security Policy – carry out the Union’s establishes laws and coordinates policies. Common Foreign and Security Policy. The international players in Brussels in players The international BRUSSELS, INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL THE FIGURES 2020 9 1 1.2 INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS

In addition to the European Union, Brussels also accommo- The NATO structures based in Brussels dates several intergovernmental organisations. Some of Civilian structure: these have their headquarters in the Brussels Region, while a number of them are here because of the presence of 1. NATO - Permanent Representatives and National European Union institutions. The most important in terms Delegation (diplomats), International Staff of number of personnel are NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Military structure: Organization) and Eurocontrol. 2. International Military Staff (IMS)

65 offices of intergovern- Agencies and organisations: mental organisations 3. NATO Communications and Information Agency (NCIA)

4. NATO Science and Technology Organization (STO) NATO 5. NATO Alliance Ground Surveillance Management NATO is a political and military alliance gathering 30 mem- (NAGSMA) ber countries. The alliance promotes democratic values and 6. Battlefield Information Collection and Exploitation enables members to consult and cooperate on defence and System (BICES) security-related issues to solve problems, build trust and, 7. Munition Safety Information Analysis Center (MSIAC) in the long run, prevent conflict. NATO is also committed to the peaceful resolution of disputes. If diplomatic efforts fail, Other projects: it has the military power to undertake crisis-management 8. F-16 Multinational Fighter Program (MNFP) operations. The international players in Brussels in players The international BRUSSELS, INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL THE FIGURES 2020 10 In 2018, NATO employment figures in Brussels Among other organisations having their headquarters were as follows: in Brussels are: 1 Around 650 staff  ACP - the African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States; from NATO agencies Total:  Benelux Union;  EFTA Surveillance Authority; 3.850  World Customs Organization.

1.500 personnel See detailed list page 37. from Allied delegations (diplomats)

UNITED NATIONS

The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organisa- tion that aims to maintain international peace and security, 1.700 international develop friendly relations among nations, achieve inter- military and civilian staff national cooperation, and be a center for harmonising the actions of nations. Although the UN headquarters is based EUROCONTROL in New York City (other main offices are located in Geneva,

Eurocontrol is a pan-European, civil-military organisation, Nairobi, Vienna and The Hague), it is represented in Brussels with 41 member states and 2 agreement states, dedicated by 25 regional and liaison offices for the EU, and/or to supporting European aviation by delivering technical Benelux countries (see detailed list page 36). excellence and civil-military expertise across the full spectrum of air traffic management. In 2018, it employed 25 UN regional/ 898 people. liaison offices The international players in Brussels in players The international BRUSSELS, INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL THE FIGURES 2020 11 1 The international players in Brussels BRUSSELS, INTERNATIONALBRUSSELS, CAPITAL THE FIGURES 1  used communication institutions, irrespective or medium or of the channel of the EU of policy processes the and decision-making indirectly the formulation influencing implementation or “all activities carried with out the objective of directly or follows: as “lobbying” define Parliament European the and Commission European The (networks of cities, regions, airports…). harbours, authorities (unions, local or NGOs) civil to society as well as consultancies) (companies, sector refer corporate to the group”, a“lobby”, What we “interest call or may of interest. topics significantly and by size vary organisations Lobbying such as health, culture as such topics scale, adifferent On action. climate and affairs, &financial energy, economic competition, enterprise, market, internal &technology, research environment, the are of interest sectors represented most The employed individuals engaged in EU policy-making and policy implementation, OJ L 191 of 22.07.2011 of L191 OJ implementation, policy and policy-making EU in engaged individuals employed Article 8 of the Agreement the between European and Parliament the European Commission on of the establishment a transparency register for organisations and self- 1.3 THE LOBBY THE WORLD 1 ”. and youth and are also represented. also are 2020

Registration is, however, is, optional. Registration still administrations. think-tanks public and also but groups, interest other and only not industrial It contains in 2011. up set was register Union transparency European The in Brussels. have office an register the organisations in registered the European transparency individual lobbyists 7.000 25.000 and at least widely, between vary are there but organisations lobbying and of individual lobbyists number of the Estimates in Brussels. activities lobbying toThere are different assessing approaches lobbyist offices lobbyist 3.887 registered registered , while 29% (3.887) of of (3.887) , while 29% 12 BRUSSELS, INTERNATIONALBRUSSELS, CAPITAL THE FIGURES Europe between 11.698 totalled and rising organisations of registered number The Professional consultancies/ Professional law firms/self-employedlaw professional associations professional 10.000 and 14.000 jobs in Brussels. in jobs 14.000 and 10.000 between , and and trade/business/ and 25.000 and 50.000 full-time lobbyist jobs in in jobs full-time 50.000 lobbyist and 25.000 In-house lobbyists In-house 6.232 consultants consultants 846 LOBBYING ORGANISATIONS BY (SUB)SECTIONS on 25 March 2020, generating

Non-governmental organisations Non-governmental 2020 is continually continually is local, regionallocal, and municipal (political &advocacy groups, Organisations representing representing Organisations civil society organisations) society civil

authorities, etc. 3.105 574

14.000 lobbyist jobs between Think tanks, research and and research tanks, Think Organisations representing representing Organisations academic institutions academic churches and religiouschurches and communities 881 10.000 and

60

13 1 The international players in Brussels 1 1.4 INTERNATIONAL PRESS

In the wake of this international presence, the number of international journalists, reporters, and people working for the media sector is obviously considerable. While some of them are permanently based in Brussels throughout the

year, some journalists spend only a limited period of time 535 1.219 in Brussels, notably on occasion of the meetings of the accredited media foreign media staff European Council.

To give an overview: in 2018, 1.219 non-Belgian media The number of permanently-based accredited foreign specialists were accredited with the EU, of whom 81 journalists is however slightly smaller: they count for 730, technicians and 158 cameramen. They worked for 535 out of 852 in total (i.e. including the Belgian ones). accredited media. European summits, however, can be attended by up to 1.500 journalists and media staff (including technicians and cameramen). 730 permanently- Up to 1.500 journalists based accredited and media staff during foreign journalists European summits The international players in Brussels in players The international BRUSSELS, INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL THE FIGURES 2020 14 media accreditation to European institutions must be based in Brussels. based be must institutions European to accreditation media applying for Journalists decision. committee’s accreditation of the basis the on (IPA). granted is Association Accreditation Press International the and institutions three of these of representatives composed committee, advisory accreditation an to for All requests BRUSSELS, INTERNATIONALBRUSSELS, CAPITAL THE FIGURES Spain France UK Germany Belgium Top five annual accreditations 93 62 85 for the European Parliament, the Council and the European Commission are submitted submitted are Commission European the and Council the Parliament, European the for accreditation annual 122 98 2020

5 4 3 1

2 15 1 The international players in Brussels 1 1.5 INTERNATIONAL SCHOOLS AND TRAINEESHIPS

The presence of this number of international institutions has led to the development of a multilingual education 25.000 offer for children of the tens of thousands of employees in the international community. pupils in We have counted about 25.000 pupils in 33 international 33 international schools for primary and secondary education in and around Brussels. schools

Here we refer not only to the European schools (in , , and Laeken, and soon also in Haren), together accounting for 12.948 pupils, but also to all kinds of other schools where English or another non-native 12.948 language or educational language is used, or where a foreign or international curriculum is taught. After the pupils in European schools, the Lycée français Jean Monnet, the International School of Brussels, and the British School of 4 European schools Brussels in have the most pupils, with respectively 2.750, 1.400 and 1.350 pupils. The international players in Brussels in players The international BRUSSELS, INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL THE FIGURES 2020 16 International schools in Brussels International schools around Brussels  European School Brussels I 3.947 pupils  The British School of Brussels (Tervuren) 1.350 pupils 1  European School Brussels II 3.070 pupils  Internationale Deutsche Schule Brüssel (W-O) 770 pupils

 European School Brussels III 3.097 pupils  St. John’s International School (Waterloo) 625 pupils

 European School Brussels IV 2.834 pupils  International Montessori Schools (campus in St. Stevens-

 Lycée français Jean Monnet 2.750 pupils Woluwe, Tervuren, Sterrebeek and W-O) 217 pupils

 International School of Brussels (ISB) 1.400 pupils  ISF Waterloo International School (Waterloo) 195 pupils

 Brussels International Catholic School (BICS) 619 pupils  Scandinavian School of Brussels (Waterloo) 140 pupils

 Agnes School 310 pupils  European School of Bruxelles-Argenteuil (Waterloo) 130 pupils

 Bogaerts International School 300 pupils  Montessori Kids (Lasne) 100 pupils

 Japanese School of Brussels 290 pupils  ISF Tervuren International School (Tervuren) 60 pupils

 Brussels Elementary High School (American) 270 pupils  Montessory House Belgium Int. School (Braine-l’All.) 35 pupils

 Brussels English Primary School (BEPS) 235 pupils  The Courtyard International School of Tervuren (new)

 International Montessori School ‘Hof ten Berg’ 203 pupils

 Nederlandstalige School Prinses Juliana 185 pupils

 British Junior Academy of Brussels 170 pupils

 École Internationale Montgomery 130 pupils

 British International School of Brussels (BISB) 120 pupils

 Montessori House Brussels 60 pupils

 École Internationale Ace of Brussels 50 pupils

 Ecole Française Inter. de Bruxelles (EFI Bruxelles) 50 pupils

 Roots and Wings School 35 pupils The international players in Brussels in players The international BRUSSELS, INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL THE FIGURES 2020 17 1 Traineeships and universities Finally, we should also mention other large groups, highly represented within the international community of Around Brussels, whose presence is also linked to the international attractiveness of its role as European capital: trainees 8.000 (both EU trainees and all trainees recruited by the lobbying, trainees NGO, public and private sectors) and international students (Erasmus, PhD and other researchers). According to the latest study available, there are more than While there are no official figures, the number of trainees 86.000 students in Brussels, of which almost 23% are not coming to Brussels every year is estimated at around 8.000. Belgian and 7% are not EU nationals. Erasmus exchange programmes attract yearly around 900 students who attend 7% non EU Brussels Universities, and even more if we count those students attending other institutions whose figures are not available.

16% Global figures show clearly that the international dimension EU students of Brussels and its educational offer are deeply interlinked.

77% Belgian 86.000 students students Around 900 erasmus students The international players in Brussels in players The international BRUSSELS, INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL THE FIGURES 2020 18 1.6 REGIONAL REPRESENTATIONS 1

Today Brussels hosts around 300 regional and local The regional certificate representations which defend the interests of their city The Brussels-Capital Region supplies a regional certificate or region at the EU level via interest representation, to offices representing regional and local public entities information gathering, networking, or direct negotiations. or networks. Although it does not grant any legal rights or If their entity has legislative power in their country, they privileges, it recognises their existence and official nature also have privileged access to the Council of the European and is signed by the Secretary of State for European and

Union. International Relations of the Region. A total of some 240 certificates are awarded every year through the Brussels With the creation of the European Committee of the Commissioner for Europe and International Organisations. Regions in 1994 Brussels has acquired the status of international capital for regional and local lobbying. The establishment of a Brussels office has become the standard for European regions. As a consequence, some of these representations are 300 regional and very large organisations. For example, the offices of the German Länder can employ up to 50 personnel and have an local representations impressive infrastructure. Other offices may only employ a handful of staff. The international players in Brussels in players The international BRUSSELS, INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL THE FIGURES 2020 19 Brussels in the international rankings

Rankings give an overview of the potential of Brussels as European capital. For example, Brussels has the highest number of diplomats in the world and, in comparison with other regions of the European Union, it has the fifth highest Gross Domestic Product at regional level per inhabitant, expressed in Purchasing Power Standard (by Eurostat, data issued in 2019 but referring to 2017).

It is also the first congress city in Europe and categorised as second, after London, in terms of language skills.

BRUSSELS, INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL THE FIGURES 2020 20 BRUSSELS, INTERNATIONALBRUSSELS, CAPITAL THE FIGURES preferred “events” destination preferred for associations in Europe in associations for city for embassies for city and consulates and N°1 N°1 1 International Association of Lawyers International Association

4 2019 Global power city index by the Institute for urban strategies, Mori Memorial foundation Memorial Mori strategies, by theInstitute for urban index city power Global 2019 2

1

2020 city in Europe, Europe, in city

2 2019 Global cities index by Kearney by Kearney index cities Global 2019 most cosmopolitanmost city for political engagement N°1 N°1 N°2

worldwide 2

3

3 2015 World Migration Report research &development research political conferences political city in Europe for Europe in city city for N°5 N°1

2 4

21 2 Brussels in the international rankings Economy and employment in Brussels

The presence of all these international institutions is obviously of vital importance to the Brussels economy and employment. The international presence generates up to 20% of the economy of the Brussels-Capital Region and up to 23,2% of regional employment or more than 162.000 jobs.

BRUSSELS, INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL THE FIGURES 2020 22 BRUSSELS, INTERNATIONALBRUSSELS, CAPITAL THE FIGURES in a maximum scenario. in amaximum jobs of regional 23,2% nomy and one-fifth of the Brussels-Capital Regionone-fifth of the Brussels-Capital about to equivalent are impacts socio-economic These institutions and lobbies. European directly and employed bythose international jobs 163.000 and 123.000 and euros, billion 13,9 8,7 and at between estimated are lobbies and institutions European and of international impacts total The overestimating results. avoiding of and risk the estimations providing realistic thus more impacts, net the estimate to savings and expenditures security social of taxes, types all for it that accounts is approach of this specificity The impact. economic further adding multiplicative by activating effect their supply while chains, their employees contribute through their consumption patterns a generate lobbyists and organisations by international the made expenditures the that is approach of this assumption Multiplierusing a local 2020, Approach” (VUB, under review) conceptually is different from previous The central studies. Region Brussels-Capital the on Institutions European and of International Impacts Economic of the “Estimations report The 2020 regional eco

, including - 1 Regional GDP plus extraterritorial turnover (Million Euro) equivalent) Turnover (Full time Jobs

Scenario Scenario Scenario Scenario Higher Higher Higher Lower Lower Lower M€ 13.935 13.935 M€ M€ 8.732 Impacts 162.536 123.413 Total Total

economy Share ofShare regional 20,3% 23,2% 12,7% 17,6%

1 23

3 Economy and employment in Brussels 3 3.1 ECONOMY

The international presence has an important impact in region is due to the fact that more than half of the people absolute figures on the Brussels economy according to the who work in Brussels commute from outside the region. update and recalculation made by N. Dotti – at the request

of the Brussels-Capital Region (BCR) – of the previous THE BRUSSELS PARADOX study by Professor C. Vandermotten (ULB). The added value of the international sector for the Brussels region Brussels is a rich region but has a poor population, which was estimated at 5 billion euros in 2013. also applies to most capital regions in Europe. In the Capital of Europe 1 in 3 inhabitants lives below the poverty level. Using the Purchasing Power Standard (an artificial currency Poverty is measured under European standards as 60% of created for statistical purposes that enables a comparison the median income. of different EU member states with different currencies) Eurostat calculated in 2018 that Brussels has the fourth 3% of young people between 18 and 24 receive highest regional gross domestic product per capita of unemployment benefits and almost 12.9% survive on a 281 selected European regions and thereby scores 203% of living wage or an equivalent benefit. the European average. Brussels has an employment rate of 56,8% (in 2018). Almost If we look at the distribution of available income per family, 1 in 5 adults (20,1%) lives in a household that does not have an then Brussels falls to 150th place. income from employment.

The contradiction between the wealth generated in Finally, almost 1 in 7 (14,8%) of schoolchildren in Brussels Brussels and the actual living standards for people in the leave school before obtaining a diploma. Economy and employment in Brussels in employment and Economy BRUSSELS, INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL THE FIGURES 2020 24 BRUSSELS, INTERNATIONALBRUSSELS, CAPITAL THE FIGURES is generated by the international presence 20% of the Brussels-Capital Region economy tourism business 60% tourism leisure 40% 2020

  diplomatic activities. of related kind all to and Brussels in organisations international of the activity the to linked directly of it is part asignificant that assumption shared a it is total; of the at 60% estimated Region is Capital Brussels- the to coming tourism of business share The BUSINESS TOURISM

Estimated Jobs (FTE): 13.782 (FTE): Jobs Estimated TurnoverEstimated (M€): 1.515,8 25 3 Economy and employment in Brussels 3 3.2 EMPLOYMENT EU STAFF IN BRUSSELS

In 2018 the international sector created between 123.000 EU INSTITUTIONS EU AGENCIES & BODIES and 162.000 jobs in Brussels of which 48.909 were direct EUROPEAN COMMISSION REA jobs of staff employed by international institutions. 730 Of this international staff, 35.699 people live in the 21.070 TOTAL JOINT Brussels-Capital Region, 8.732 in the Flemish Region, 3.963 EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT UNDERTAKINGS 695 in the Walloon Region and 515 are posted abroad. 6.766 ERCEA 484 COUNCIL OF THE EU The international presence 3.034 EASME 462 generates up to 23,2% of EEAS EACEA 437 regional employment 1.660 SRB 334 EUROPEAN ECONOMIC The 5 main European institutions, agencies and bodies & SOCIAL COMMITTEE create 90% of these jobs. 696 INEA 281

Besides, with 5.369 diplomats and 2.304 non-diplomatic COMMITTEE EDA 140 OF THE REGIONS personnel on a foreign payroll, Brussels remains the world’s 551 capital of diplomacy, largely preceding Washington DC. Economy and employment in Brussels in employment and Economy BRUSSELS, INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL THE FIGURES 2020 26 3 Around 49.000 direct jobs

37.340 7.673 3.304 648 European diplomatic intergovernmental European Union staff personnel staff1 schools staff

1 As far as NATO is concerned, under this heading we only refer to its civil staff, excluding military staff and diplomats

Between 10.000 and 14.000 lobbyist jobs Economy and employment in Brussels in employment and Economy BRUSSELS, INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL THE FIGURES 2020 27 Population in Brussels

The impact of the international role of Brussels is more evident than ever in the composition of its population. More than one in three Brussels residents has a foreign nationality and more than one in five is an EU national.

The use and knowledge of languages in Brussels is remarkable and is clearly one of the greatest assets of the region.

BRUSSELS, INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL THE FIGURES 2020 28 residents 1.208.542 of population BRUSSELS, INTERNATIONALBRUSSELS, CAPITAL THE FIGURES 1 tically doubled. 1 the On citizens of EU number the 20 years, last In the   world: in the city-region mopolitan cos most the Region is Brussels-Capital the Dubai, After population. of its everevident composition than in the more is of Brussels role international of the impact The Including Belgian nationals with dual nationality. ORIGINS? 4.1

more than EU 1in an 5is national. foreign nationality, more than 1in 3Brussels residents a has EU nationals 23,08% Non EUnationals WHATARE THEIR 11,85% st of January 2019, Brussels had a a had 2019, Brussels of January , of which: of , nationals Belgian 65,07% 2020

has prac has 1

- -

TOP 15 FOREIGN NATIONALITIES IN BRUSSELS 10 14 15 12 13 11 4 5 2 3 8 9 6 7 1 28.480 residents 28.480 SPAIN residents 33.718 ITALY residents 34.984 MOROCCO 41.858 residents ROMANIA FRANCE 64.218 residents 64.218 6.350 residents 6.350 INDIA 7.158 residents KINGDOM UNITED 8.125 residents DEMOCRATIC REP. OF CONGO 8.259 residents 8.259 NETHERLANDS 8.474 residents SYRIA 8.522 residents 8.522 TURKEY 9.407 residents GREECE 12.153 residents BULGARIA

19.440 residents 19.440 PORTUGAL 23.182 residents POLAND 5. Morocco 4. Romania 3. Italy 2. Netherlands 1. France BELGIUM IN NATIONALITIES TOP FOREIGN 5

29

4 Population in Brussels 4 Population in Brussels BRUSSELS, INTERNATIONALBRUSSELS, CAPITAL THE FIGURES is spoken. is residents Brussels one in and of Europe, three Capital in the spoken are Today region. of the languages 100 than more assets greatest the of one clearly is London) and in Europe after (number two remarkable is in Brussels of languages knowledge and use The MULTILINGUAL REGION city Brussels resides of EU nationals in concentration highest The (27.049). (65.995), city Brussels Brussels’ of number largest the that show statistics Population Anderlecht 4.2 WHEREDO THEY LIVE?

lives in in lives nationality with aforeign residents (38.782), Molenbeek (23.183), Uccle (40.079), Ixelles is growing up in afamily is where neither Dutch nor French, in Brussels, languages the official St-Gilles St-Gilles and (21.901), (31.316), Schaerbeek (31.316),

(48.678), Ixelles (48.678), (27.366), Uccle and 2020

(17.921). (29.297), (29.297), (42.181), (42.181),

6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. The highest percentage of EU citizens is to be found in: found be to is of EU citizens percentage highest The Uccle 25,01% Woluwé-Saint-Lambert 27,91% Woluwé-Saint-Pierre 29,58% St-Gilles 35,65% Ixelles 36,05% 36,53% 30

THE BRUSSELS-CAPITAL REGION COUNTS 19 MUNICIPALITIES 4

1000 Bruxelles-Ville / Brussel-Stad (Haren, Laeken, Neder-Over-Heembeek)

1030 Schaerbeek / Schaarbeek 1040 Etterbeek 1050 Ixelles / Elsene 1090 1000 1060 St-Gilles / St-Gillis 1083 1140 1070 Anderlecht 1082 1081 1030 1080 Molenbeek-St-Jean / St-Jans-Molenbeek 1080 1081 1210 1200 1082 Berchem-Ste-Agathe / St-Agatha-Berchem 1083 1070 1040 1060 1150 1090

1050 1050 1140 1190 1160 1000 1150 Woluwé-St-Pierre / St-Pieters-Woluwe 1160 Auderghem / Oudergem 1170 Watermael-Boitsfort / Watermaal-Bosvoorde 1170 1180 1180 Uccle / Ukkel 1190 Forest / Vorst 1200 Woluwé-St-Lambert / St-Lambrechts-Woluwe 1210 St Josse-ten-Noode / St-Joost-ten-Node Population in Brussels BRUSSELS, INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL THE FIGURES 2020 31

WITH THANKS TO

This publication could not have been realised without the invaluable contri- bution of the Brussels Institute for Statistics and Analysis (BISA). Our special thanks go to Salim Gadi for data collection, Amynah Gangji, Aina Astudillo Fer- nandez and Dries Cuyvers from BISA.

We are equally thankful for the fruitful cooperation with Nicola Francesco Dotti, André Spithoven and Walter Ysebaert from the R&D department of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) to whom the Brussels Commissioner for Europe and International Organisations (CEIO) commissioned the report “Estimations of the Economic Impacts of International and European Institutions on the Brussels-Capital Region using a Local Multiplier Approach” (2020, under review).

A publication by the CEIO: Karin Impens (texts & proofreading), Edoardo Guglielmetti (texts and proofreading), Natacha Brieven (editing).

BRUSSELS, INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL THE FIGURES 2020 33 BRUSSELS, INTERNATIONALBRUSSELS, CAPITAL THE FIGURES annexes 18. 12. 11. 10. 4. 3. 2. 17. 16. 15. 14. (JU) : EU undertakings joint 9. 8. EU agencies: 1. EU institutions: The European Union (EU) in Brussels 13. 5. 7. 6.

Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI JU) JU) (IMI Initiative Medicines Innovative Fuel And Hydrogen Cells JU European Research Council Executive Agency (ERCEA) (EDA) Agency Defence European (EASME) Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized enterprises Union European the of Council Council European European Parliament Electronic and Components Systems) in projects Innovation and Development (Research, JU ECSEL JU Sky Clean JU) (BBI JU Industries Bio-based (EACEA) Agency Executive Culture and Audiovisual Education, Research Executive Agency (REA) Innovation and Networks Executive Agency (INEA) European Commission European External Action Service (EEAS) Service Action External European (CoR) Regions the of Committee (EESC)European Economic Committee and Social 2020

20. 19. 38. 37. 36. 35. 34. 33. 32. 31. 30. 29. elsewhere): (of based EU bodies offices EU Liaison 28. 27. 26. 25. 24. 23. 22. 21. &services: EU bodies Other

Shift2Rail JU JU Shift2Rail modernisation programme) infrastructure control traffic air (European JU SESAR European Union Satellite Centre (SATCEN) Centre Satellite Union European European Union Institute (EUISS) Studies for Security (EUIPO) Office Property Intellectual Union European Working Conditions (Eurofound) and Living of Improvement the for Foundation European (EIB) Bank Investment European (ECA) Auditors of Court European (CEDEFOP) Training Vocational of Development the for Centre European (ECB) Bank Central European (FRONTEX) Agency Guard Coast and Border European (EASA) Agency Safety Aviation European (EPSO) Office Selection Personnel European (SRB) Board Resolution Single office) (Brussels Ombudsman European (EDPS) Supervisor Protection Data European bodies and agencies (CERT-EU) Computer Emergency Response Team for the EU Institutions, ATHENA Mechanism (EDPB) Board Protection Data European Office of the Secretary-General of the European of Schools the Secretary-General Office 34 BRUSSELS, INTERNATIONALBRUSSELS, CAPITAL THE FIGURES annexes 8. projects: Other 3. Agencies organisations: and 2. structure: Military 1. Civilian structure: NATO Brussels in 5. 4. 6. 7.

F-16 Multinational Fighter Program (MNFP) Program Fighter F-16 Multinational (IMS) Staff Military International (diplomats), International Staff NATO - Permanent Representatives and National Delegation NATO Science and Technology Organization (STO) (STO) Organization Technology NATO and Science NATO Communications and Information Agency (NCIA) NATO Alliance Ground Management Surveillance (NAGSMA) Munition Information Safety Analysis Center (MSIAC) (BICES) System Exploitation and Collection Information Battlefield 2020

35 BRUSSELS, INTERNATIONALBRUSSELS, CAPITAL THE FIGURES annexes  10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 12. 11. UN specialized agencies: 1. funds: and UN programmes The United Nations (UN) in Brussels 13. 

HABITAT for Europe and European Office Institutions UN- Programme: Settlements Human Nations United Office Liaison Brussels Women UN Women: of Empowerment the and Equality Gender for Entity Nations United representative to office the European Union UNRWA - Agency: Works and Relief Nations United Office Brussels UNEP Programme: Environment Nations United Office UNFPA Fund: Brussels Population Nations United Union European the to Liaison UNODC Crime: and Drugs on Office Nations United Belgium EU and the to Office WFP Program: Food World Europe for Bureau UNHCR’s Refugees: for Commissioner High Nations United Alliances and Resource Mobilization Office in Brussels Children’s Fund: Nations United Public-Sector UNICEF inRepresentation Brussels Office United Nations Development UNDP Programme: FAO Liaison Office with the European Union and Belgium and Union European the with Office FAO Liaison Nations: United the of Organization Agriculture and Food International Monetary Fund: IMF Europe Office Europe IMF Fund: Monetary International countries_87785¨°87 Benelux the and Union European for ILO International the Organization: Labour Office 2020

25. 24. 23. 22. 21. 20. UNOther Organisations: 19. 18. UN entities: Other 17. 16. 15. 14.



Office Brussels UNCDF Fund: Development Capital Nations United UNLOPS – Security and Peace for Office Liaison Nations United Brussels in Office UNICRI Institute: United Nations Interregional Crime Research and Justice –UNRIC Europe United Nations Regional Information for Centre Western NATO and Union European the Area, Economic European the for Office International for Migration: Organization IOM Regional for EuropeRegional Office OHCHR Rights: Human for Commissioner High the of Office EU the to Office Liaison Brussels UNOPS Services: Project for Office Nations United for EuropeRegional Office UNDRR Reduction: Risk Disaster for Office Nations United Brussels Liaison Office to the EU the to Office Liaison Brussels United Nations Development Industrial UNIDO Organization: Union European the to Office Brussels UNESCO Organization: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Union European the at Office WHO Organization: Health World EU and Belgium for office Group WB Bank: World 36 BRUSSELS, INTERNATIONALBRUSSELS, CAPITAL THE FIGURES annexes 12. Brussels: in offices and Antennas 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. Brussels: in Based Brussels in intergovernmental Other organisations 16. 15. 14. 13. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6.

EFTA Surveillance Authority (ESA) Authority EFTA Surveillance (CEFTA) Trade Free Agreement European Central Union Benelux (ACP) States of Group Pacific and Caribbean, African, Representative in Brussels Office –EBRD, Development and Reconstruction for Bank European Commission European the to Office Liaison –ECOWAS, States African West of Community Economic EU the with office Liaison –CoE, Europe of Council EU the to Delegation –GCC, Gulf the of States Arab the for Council Cooperation Brussels Liaison Office Common Market and for Southern Africa Eastern – COMESA, World (WCO) Organization Customs EU Office Cross Red MedicineInternational of (ICMM) Military Committee the USA, Belgium and Luxembourg and Belgium USA, the between Exchange Educational for Commission, Fulbright (Eurocontrol) Navigation Air of Safety the for Organisation European (EFTA) Secretariat – Brussels Trade Free Agreement European Energy Conference Charter 2020

25. 24. 23. 22. 21. 20. 19. 18. 17. 27. 26. 28. 32. 31. 30. 29.

  

 Representative Office International Management Group – IMG, Permanent EU the to office liaison –IDEA, Assistance International and Electoral Institute for Democracy in Brussels International of the Committee Red – Cross Delegation ICRC, ICMPD, Office Brussels International Centre for Migration Policy Development – Office Brussels –ESA, Agency Space European Bureau Brussels -EPO, Office Patent European EU Office –EOC, Committees Olympic European Office Liaison Brussels –EFI, Institute Forest European League of Arab States – LAS, Permanent Mission Permanent –LAS, States Arab of League of Representative the Special Office to the EU International Criminal Police – Organisation INTERPOL, Observer MissionObserver to the EU Organization of Islamic Cooperation - Permanent OIC, Representation in Brussels Sub-Regional –OIE, Health Animal for Organisation World representationBrussels office – WAEMU, Union Monetary and Economic African West CTA, branch Brussels – Cooperation Rural and Agricultural for Centre Technical Office Liaison –RCC, Council Cooperation Regional Représentation auprès de l’UE InternationaleOrganisation de Francophonie la – OIF, 37 MISSION of the Brussels Commissioner for Europe and International Organisations

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ACT AS SINGLE POINT OF WELCOME THE CONTACT for all European institu- INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY tions and international organisations via through the administrative assistance of the Institutional Liaison desk. the Expat Welcome Desk. At the initiative of the Government of the Brussels-Capital Region:

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