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Information to Users INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. ProQuest Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 UMI UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE QUESTIONS TO THE HRST MINISTER OF SCOTLAND A Dissertation SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy BY JEFFERY J. GENTRY Norman, Oklahoma 2003 UMI Number: 3082962 UMI UMI Microform 3082962 Copyright 2003 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 © Copyright by Jeffery J. Gentry 2003 All Rights Reserved QUESTIONS TO THE FIRST MINISTER OF SCOTLAND A Dissertation APPROVED FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNICATION BY Edward M. Horowitz, Sandra R a ^ , Co-ch>iir an O'Hair .JL._ Ldanda^Simon Rosenthal Robert H. Cox ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many lovely people have encouraged, prodded, and inspired me to complete this massive project. First I thank my committee members Dan O'Hair, Cindy Simon- Rosenthal, Robert Cox, and Sandy Ragan. Their expert insights, resources, and suggestions are truly appreciated. Of course Edward Horowitz did a magnificent job as committee chair. He set out a highly-efficient, manageable and methodical process for completing the dissertation, and he was always there with the right advice when I hit a stumbling block. Each of these scholars gave me the confidence and guidance I needed through 18 months of research and writing. I also thank my student-coders Misty Williams and Lexi Jones. Without their hours of diligent research assistance this study would have been impossible. I thank all my Southwestern Oklahoma State colleagues for their encouragement, especially Helen Maxson and Peter Grant. Helen has been a true inspiration and confidant, and refused to let me become sedentary in my progress. As my running partner, Pete helped me transfer my stress to the country roads of Western Oklahoma. I also thank my sister Diane and my niece Amanda, who graduate with their bachelors' degrees on the very same weekend. The three of us are now officially smart. Above all I thank my Savior Jesus Christ, to whom I owe everything I do right. IV TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES.............................................................................................................vi LIST OF APPENDICES.................................................................................................. xi ABSTRACT......................................................................................................................xii I. INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................1 II. SCOTTISH POLITICAL HISTORY AND NATIONALISM................................... 10 III. LITERATURE REVIEW .......................................................................................... 45 IV. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK.............................................................................77 V. METHODS AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS......................................................... 93 VI. RESULTS................................................................................................................ 108 VII. DISCUSSION.........................................................................................................133 REFERENCES................................................................................................................ 184 TABLES........................................................................................................................ 196 APPENDICES.................................................................................................................232 LIST OF TABLES 1. Descriptive Summary of Participation and Mean Word Counts by Party in Initial Question, Self-supplementary 1, Self-supplementary 2, Self-supplementary 3, and Interjection...................................................................................................................... 196 2. Descriptive Summary of Participation and Mean Word Counts to Recipients in Answers to Initial Question, Self-supplementary 1, Self-supplementary 2, Self- supplementary 3, and Interjection................................................................................ 197 3. Descriptive Summary of Most Popular Topics of Questions by Initial Question, Self- supplementary 1, Self-supplementary 2, Self-supplementary 3, and Interjection 198 4. Descriptive Summary of Topics of Self-supplementaries by Party .......................... 199 5. Descriptive Summary of Leading Participants in initial Self-supplementaries: Number, Mean Length of Question, Criticism of Government versus Support of Government, Total Insults of Government ......................................................................................... 200 6. Descriptive Summary of Leading Participants in Interjections: Number of Interjections, Mean Length of Question, Criticism of Government versus Support of Government, Total Insults of Government .......................................................................................... 201 7. ANOVA of Length of Self-supplementaries by Opposition versus Coalition 201 8. ANOVA of Length of Self-supplementaries by P arty .............................................202 9. ANOVA of Length of Answers to Self-supplementaries by Opposition versus Coalition ..............................................................................................................202 10. ANOVA of Length of Answers to Self-supplementaries by Party ........................ 203 11. ANOVA of Length of Answers to Interjections by Opposition versus Coalition........................................................................................................................203 12. Chi-square of Disposition of Self-supplementaries by Opposition versus Coalition ..............................................................................................................204 vr 13. Chi-square of Disposition of Interjections by Opposition versus Coalition ...........204 14. Chi-square of Disposition of Answers to Self-supplementaries by Opposition versus Coalition..........................................................................................................................205 15. Chi-square of Disposition of Answers to Interjections by Opposition versus Coalition ............................................................................................................. 205 16. Chi-square of Personal Insults, Party Insults, and Respect in Self-supplementaries by Opposition versus Coalition........................................................................................... 206 17. Chi-square of Personal Insults, Party Insults, and Respect in Interjections by Opposition versus Coalition........................................................................................... 206 18. Chi-square of Personal Insults, Party Insults, and Respect in Answers to Self- supplementaries: Opposition versus Coalition.............................................................. 207 19. Chi-square of Personal Insults, Party Insults, and Respect in Answers to Inteqections, Opposition versus Coalition..........................................................................................207 20. Descriptive Comparison of Disposition and Respect by Party in Self-supplementaries and Interjections Combined ........................................................................................... 208 21. Descriptive Comparison of Disposition and Respect by Party in Answers to Self- supplementaries and Interjections Combined .............................................................. 209 22. Descriptive Use of Non-explicit and Explicit Wedge Questions by Party in Self- supplementaries and Interjections, Combined ............................................................ 210 23. Chi-square of Third-party criticism in Interjections by Opposition versus Coalition......................................................................................................................... 210 24. Chi-square of Third-party criticism in Answers to Interjections, Opposition versus Coalition.........................................................................................................................211 25. Descriptive Sununary of Leading Recipients of Third-party Criticism by Questioners and
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