COUNTRY PROFILES
EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA
− Albania −
The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Albania covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol.
Investigations and suspects
Number of persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, 2007-2010
35 Males 30
25
20
15 29 25 10 20 14 5
0 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Directorate of State Police/Sector against Illicit Trafficking.
Number of persons convicted of trafficking in persons, 2007-2010
25 Males 20
15
10 16 11 5 9 7 0 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Ministry of Justice.
Victims
Detected victims of trafficking, by age category, 2008-2010
120 Adults Children 100
80
60 92 72 83 40
20 22 16 14 0 2008 2009 2010
Source: All the agencies that identify victims of trafficking: police, social service, shelters.
According to the authorities, the victims were all Albanians trafficked for sexual exploitation.
Source: All the agencies that identify victims of trafficking: police, social service, shelters.
Additional information
The Albanian National Action Plan on Combating Trafficking in Persons was approved by Council of Minister decision n.142 dated 23 February 2011.
− Armenia−
The current legislation on trafficking in persons existing in Armenia covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol.
Investigations and suspects
Persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007-2010
25 Females Males 20
15 18 10 9 5 5 7 6 4 5 0 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Police and Office of the Prosecutor General.
Persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007-2010
25 Females Males 20
15
10 9 5 11 4 4 22 0 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Police and Office of the Prosecutor General.
All the persons convicted were Armenian nationals.
Source: Police and Office of the Prosecutor General.
Victims
Detected victims of trafficking, by age and gender, 2007-2010
70 Women Men 60 Girls Boys 50
40 42
30
20 36 31 19 10 13 1 5 0 2 3 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Police and Office of the Prosecutor General.
Number of victims of trafficking, by form of exploitation, 2007-2010 Others, 8
Forced labour, 18
Sexual exploitation, 123
Source: Police and Office of the Prosecutor General.
Victims of trafficking, byOthers citizenship, 2007-2010 Eastern Europe, Russian Fed., 1 24
Armenia, 124
Source: Police and Office of the Prosecutor General.
According to the Armenian Police, the vast majority of victims are Armenian women who were trafficked abroad – in particular to Turkey and United Arab Emirates – for sexual exploitation. Source: Armenian Police.
Additional information
In order to ensure the effectiveness of the anti-trafficking response, the RA Government through its Resolution N 1385-A of November 20, 2008 approved the National Referral Mechanism for Trafficked Persons (NRM). The NRM focuses on identifying an effective way for providing services to the victims of trafficking including those related to provision of shelter, access to professional medical and psychological assistance, consultancy, educational or training programs.
A Council to combat THB in Armenia was formed by the decision of the government No. 861-A dated December 6, 2007. The council is headed by the Deputy Prime Minister. Heads of all the line ministries and stakeholder agencies are involved as members of this Council. Representatives from non-governmental and international organizations are also actively participating in the activities of the council.
Whereas Armenia’s first and second Action Plans aimed at creating the required legislative framework and setting the base for the prevention of human trafficking, prosecution of offenders and providing assistance to victims, the third one (for 2011-2012) focuses on specific capacity building in the 3Ps of prevention, prosecution and protection and improving the current situation by reviewing and assessing previous actions. Its Implementation Timetable, with the relevant performance indicators, which fall under the following six main categories: anti-trafficking legislation and law enforcement; studies, monitoring and evaluation; cooperation; protection and support of victims of trafficking; prevention of trafficking in human beings; and coordination.
In April 2011, the Criminal Code was amended to increase the severity of the punishment, as well as provide property confiscation for the convicted offenders.
− Austria −
The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Austria covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol.
Investigations and suspects
Persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007-2010
40 Females 35 Males 30 13 25 20 15 5 2 10 21 5 11 1 11 3 0 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Federal Ministry of the Interior.
Persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007-2010
40 Female s 35 Ml 30 6 7 25 20 15 6 26 23 5 10 12 5 9 0 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Judicial Criminal Statistics.
Number of persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by citizenship, 2007-2010
Others, 3 Others - Europe, 12 Austria, 30
Bulgaria, 9
Romania, 14
Hungary, 25
Source: Judicial Criminal Statistics.
Victims
Victims of trafficking in persons detected by law enforcement, by age and gender, 2007-2010
25 Men Women 20 Girls 8 Boys
15 2 1 10 8
8 11 5 3 2 3 2 3 0 1 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Federal Ministry of the Interior.
Number of victims of trafficking in persons detected by law enforcement, by citizenship, 2007-2010
Others , 6
Romania, 14 Austria (domestic trafficking), 5
Bulgaria, 10
Source: Federal Ministry of the Interior.
Victims of trafficking in persons assisted by LEFÖ-IBF (an NGO), by age and gender, 2007-2010
250 Men 2 Women 200 Girls
150 220 190 100 152 172
50
18 0 13 10 11 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: LEFÖ-Intervention Center for Trafficked Women (LEFÖ-IBF).
Number of victims of trafficking in persons assisted by LEFÖ-IBF, by form of exploitation, 2007-2010 Forced marriage, 20 Servitude, 104
Forced labour, 173 Sexual exploitaiton, 491
Source: LEFÖ-IBF.
Number of victims of trafficking in persons assisted by LEFÖ-IBF, by citizenship, 2007-2010
Austria (domestic trafficking), 18 Romania, 109 Others, 244
Bulgaria, 108
Russian Fed., 24
Ukraine, 34 Nigeria, 105 Slovakia, 31 Hungary, 63 Philippines, 52
Source: LEFÖ-IBF.
Additional information
The Austrian Task Force on Human Trafficking, headed by the Federal Ministry for European and International Affairs, was set up in 2004 and is charged with coordinating and intensifying the measures in combating human trafficking. It is composed of representatives of all competent ministries, including outsourced agencies, the federal provinces and non-governmental organisations and accompanied by a National Coordinator on Combating Human Trafficking since 2009.
The Second Austrian National Action Plan on Human Trafficking covers the period from 2009-2011 and explicitly explains within whose scope of competence or responsibility the implementation of the relevant actions fall. It consists of the following nine chapters: coordination; prevention; identification of potential victims of trafficking; protection of and support to victims of trafficking; criminal prosecution and legal framework; compensation; data collection; evaluation/monitoring; and international cooperation.
The NGO LEFÖ-IBF (Intervention Centre for Migrant Women Affected by Human Trafficking) acts on the basis of a government mandate and is thus officially responsible for the implementation of certain action steps of the National Action Plan.
− Azerbaijan−
The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Azerbaijan covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol.
Investigations and suspects
Persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007-2010
100 Females 90 Males 80 70 60 79 50 81 40 68 30 20 36 10 14 10 8 0 3 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Department on Struggle Against Human Trafficking, Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007-2010
100 Female 90 s 80 Males 70 60 50 79 40 50 62 30 20 35 10 14 11 0 6 3 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Department on Struggle Against Human Trafficking, Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Victims
Victims of trafficking in persons, by age and gender, 2007-2010
120 Women Men 100 Girls Boys 80
60 99 76 40 74
20 31 11 0 2 22 4 1 2 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Department on Struggle Against Human Trafficking, Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Number of victims of trafficking in persons, by form of exploitation, 2007-2010
Forced labour, 11
Baby selling, 9
Sexual exploitation, 284
Source: Department on Struggle Against Human Trafficking, Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Victims trafficked to Azerbaijan are nationals from other Eastern European and Central Asian countries.
Source: Department on Struggle Against Human Trafficking, Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Additional information
Azerbaijan’s second National Action Plan on Struggle against Human Trafficking is valid for the period 2009-2013 and is designed for the purpose of providing prevention and detection of human trafficking, determining its reason and implications and of ensuring protection of victims, their rehabilitation and safe repatriation. The second National Action Plan has the following objectives: Identification and prevention of all kinds of human trafficking and discrimination against victims of trafficking in society; ensure the safety and well-being of victims; ensure effective identification of victims and prosecution of traffickers; implement juridical, political, socio-economical and organizational prevention measures; establish a single mutual cooperation system; and develop international cooperation.
− Belarus −
The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Belarus covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol.
Investigations and suspects
Persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, 2007-2010
350
300
250
200
150 293 100 162 154 50 124
0 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Ministry of Interior.
Persons convicted of trafficking in persons, 2007-2010
350 300 250 200 150 100 50 99 112 63 85 0 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Ministry of Interior.
Foreigners convicted of trafficking in persons, by citizenship, 2008-2010 Other Eastern Europe and Central Asia,10
Europe and the Russian Middle East, 5 Federation, 26
Source: Ministry of Interior.
Victims
Detected victims of trafficking in persons, by age and gender, 2007-2010
700 Girls Boys 600 42 Women 61 500 Men
400 22 1 35 26 324 300
356 200 340 333
100 164 39 0 23 3 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Ministry of Interior.
Detected victims of trafficking in persons, by form of exploitation, 2007-2010 700 Organ removal 600 Forced labour 133 500
400 40 29 3 14 300
458 200 378 369 345
100
0 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Ministry of Interior.
Victims reported during the period in question are mainly nationals of Belarus trafficked internally and/or abroad. In 2008, three victims from other Eastern Europeans countries were detected.
Source: Ministry of Interior.
Additional information
The state implemented a series of measures aimed at preventing trafficking, ensuring the effective prosecution of traffickers, assisting victims of trafficking and strengthening international cooperation in this area. In particular, the Criminal Code includes six offenses that criminalize trafficking in persons and related offenses. The new law against trafficking in persons of 2012 determines the organizational and legal basis for anti-trafficking work and sets forth measures for protecting and rehabilitating victims of trafficking, including the resources for their implementation. Moreover, in order to prevent trafficking, the Belarusian Government closely monitors the activities of marriage, model, and travel agencies, as well as business entities engaged in activities to promote employment abroad for Belarusian citizens.
The Ministry of the Interior of Belarus has created a specialized department for drug control and the prevention of human trafficking. More than 15 ministries and departments, the mass media and international and non-governmental organizations have been involved in anti-human trafficking activities.
Currently, the State Programme to Combat Trafficking in Persons, Illegal Migration and Related Illicit Activities for the period 2011-2013 is being implemented. It focuses on the areas of prevention, prosecution and victim support. As far as the rehabilitation and social integration of victims are concerned, the national legislation foresees the provision of a safe shelter, legal assistance, medical care, psychological assistance, assistance in finding permanent employment and compensation for the damage caused by the crime.
One key aspect of the programme is to foster intensified international cooperation against the phenomenon. This includes Belarus playing an active role in the fight against human trafficking in the UN General Assembly. At its sixty-first and sixty-third sessions, the UN General Assembly adopted two comprehensive resolutions on trafficking in persons that had been tabled by Belarus, and paved the way for the adoption of the United Nations Global Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons in 2010. The Global Plan of Action aims to foster cooperation and coordination among all relevant stakeholders, including Member States and international organizations, to combat trafficking in persons. In 2010, at the proposal of Belarus, the Group of Friends United against Human Trafficking was established in the United Nations. The Group of Friends currently comprises 21 States and its efforts are focused on achieving full implementation of the United Nations Global Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons.
With the support of the International Organization for Migration, an international centre for training in the area of migration and the combating of human trafficking was opened in Minsk, offering training for representatives from Eastern European and Middle Eastern countries.
− Belgium −
The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Belgium covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol.
Investigations and suspects
Cases of trafficking in persons recorded by the Police, 2006 – early 2010 500 450 400 350 300 250 453 200 367 371 150 100 50 84 83 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 Jan-March 2010
Source: Statistique Policiers de Criminalité.
Cases of trafficking in persons recorded by the Police, by form of exploitation, 2006 – early 2010
Forced labour, 787 Begging, 36 To commit crimes, 34 Child pornography, 65 Organ trafficking, 2
Sexual exploitation, 434
Source: Statistique Policiers de Criminalité.
Cases of trafficking in persons recorded by the Police, by form of exploitation, 2006 – March 2010
500 400 300 200 100 0 Jan-Mar 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Others 51924213 Child Pornography 32117204 Forced labour 50 290 204 200 43 Sexual exploitation 26 123 122 130 33
Source: Statistique Policiers de Criminalité.
Victims
Number of victims of trafficking in persons assisted by PAG-ASA (an NGO), by age, 2007-2009
80 Children 2 70 Adults 2 60
50 3 40 72 30 63 47 20 10 0 2007 2008 2009
Source: PAG-ASA Jaaverslag 2010.
Number of victims of trafficking in persons assisted by PAG-ASA (an NGO), by gender, 2007-2009
80 Females Males 70
60 39 50
40 29 26 30
20 35 26 10 24
0 2007 2008 2009
Source: PAG-ASA Jaaverslag 2010.
Number of victims of trafficking in persons assisted by PAG-ASA (an NGO), by region of origin, 2007-2009
Western and Others, 22 Central Europe, 41
South America, 27
Eastern Europe West and Central and Central Asia, Africa, 19 7 East Africa, 4
North Africa and East Asia, 25 the Middle East, 46
Source: PAG-ASA Jaaverslag 2010.
− Bosnia and Herzegovina −
The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Bosnia and Herzegovina covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects Number of persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by gender, 2009-2010
30 Females Males 25 Total 20 11 15 10 20 5 12 0 2009 2010
According to the national authorities, 53 persons were prosecuted for trafficking in the year 2008.
Source: Ministry of Security BIH – Section for Fighting Against Trafficking in Human Beings. Victims Number of victims detected, by age and gender, 2007-2010
80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 Adults 23 5 Children 18 28 Women 41 3 Girls 23 18 Boys 42 Men 12
Source: Ministry of Security BIH – Section for Fighting Against Trafficking in Human Beings.
Number of victims detected, by form of exploitation, 2010
Sexual Exploitation, 8
Begging, 17
Source: Ministry of Security BIH – Section for Fighting Against Trafficking in Human Beings.
Number of victims detected, by citizenship, 2007-2010
Serbia, 12 Eastern Europe, 6 Bosnia and Others - South- Herzegovina, 140 Eastern Europe7 Others, 2
Source: Ministry of Security BIH – Section for Fighting Against Trafficking in Human Beings.
Additional Information
In 2003, the Council of Ministers established the function of the State Coordinator for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings and Illegal Migration and appointed an inter- ministerial group in charge of coordination of anti-trafficking activities. The first Action Plan for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings was adopted in 2001 and mainly aimed at the creation of an adequate legislative framework and building of institutional capacities. The Second National Action Plan served for the period 2005-2007 and introduced a whole range of goals in the areas of supporting framework, prosecution of human traffickers, protection of victims and witnesses, prevention and international cooperation. The Third National Action Plan for 2008-2012 is based on an assessment of the first two plans.
The new Action Plan is based on a set of guiding principles for all the competent government structures, but also for civil society, which are: principle of human rights; participation and responsibility of authorities to create conditions where all individuals will be able to realise their human rights; interdisciplinary and multisectoral approach; principle of non-discrimination; principle of inclusion of civil society; principle of sustainability and international and regional cooperation.
− Bulgaria −
The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Bulgaria covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol.
Investigations and suspects
Number of persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, 2007-2010
160 140 120 100 80 134 60 131 107 107 40 20 0 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Supreme Cassation Prosecutor’s Office.
Number of persons convicted of trafficking in persons, 2007-2010
120
100
80
60 108 97 40 85 69 20
0 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Supreme Cassation Prosecutor’s Office.
The authorities report that all persons convicted are Bulgarian nationals.
Source: Supreme Cassation Prosecutor’s Office.
Victims
Number of victims of trafficking detected, by age and gender, 2007-2010
500 3 400
300 2 327 200 223 220 202 100 35 12 10 31 53 44 67 0 38 2007 2008 2009 2010 Boys 23 Women 223 202 220 327 Men 12 10 31 35 Girls 53 38 44 67
Source: Supreme Cassation Prosecutor’s Office.
Number of victims of trafficking detected, by form of exploitation, 2007-2010
Forced labour,165
Servitude, 19 Removal of organs, Sexual 6 exploitation, 842 Baby selling, 6
Source: Supreme Cassation Prosecutor’s Office.
Additional information
Bulgaria’s National Action Plan against Human Trafficking is developed by the National Commission for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings (NCCTHB). It places a strong emphasis on local policies to combat human trafficking, advancement of the work of the established local commissions and expansion of the prevention activities among adolescents, their parents and teachers, ethnic minorities and at border check points.
The main goals of the National Action Plan are the following: building the mechanisms for institutional support and developing the administrative structures for combating human trafficking; improving awareness of the public and the population at risk, development of mechanisms for its confinement and creation of public intolerance towards this phenomenon; increasing the capacity of staff, structures and members of the NCCTHB; overcoming the consequences of human trafficking and reintegration of victims in the society by providing assistance, support and protection; development of international cooperation by sharing of good practices in the field of prevention and counteraction of human trafficking, presentation of Bulgarian legislation and building of bilateral and multilateral partnerships; contemporising the legislative measures in order to improve the effective counteraction of trafficking in human beings in Bulgaria in the context of the European policy for combating this crime.
− Croatia −
The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Croatia covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol.
Investigations and suspects
Number of persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, 2007-2011
14 12 10 8 6 4 9 9 2 5 2 0 1 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Source: State Attorney’s Office.
Number of persons convicted for trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007-2011
14 Total
12 Females Males 10
8
6 12 1 4 2 5 5 2 3 0 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Source: State Attorney’s Office, Office for Human Rights.
The persons convicted in 2009 and 2010 are Croatian nationals, with the exception of one Serbian convicted in 2009.
Source: State Attorney Office, Office for Human Rights.
Victims
Number of detected victims of trafficking in persons, by age and gender, 2007-2011
16 Girls Men 14 1 2 Women 12 4
10 1 8 1 6 12 3 2 2 4 1 9 2 4 5 4 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Source: Ministry of Interior, Office for Human Rights.
Number of detected victims of trafficking in persons, by form of exploitation, 2007-2011
Others, 6
Forced labour, 11
Sexual exploitation, 33
Source: Ministry of Interior, Office for Human Rights.
Number of detected victims of trafficking in persons, by citizenship, 2007-2011
Others - South- Bosnia and eastern Europe, 1 Herzegovina, 6
Serbia, 8 Croatia (internal trafficking), 26
Croatia (repatriated), 8
Source: Ministry of Interior, Office for Human Rights.
The authorities reported that the Croatian victims who were trafficked abroad and repatriated were exploited in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia.
Source: Ministry of Interior
Additional information
Croatia has had several national strategic plans since the establishment of the national system of suppression of trafficking in human beings in 2004, including the National Programme for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings 2005-2008 and the Operational Plans for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings for the years 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009.
In February 2012, the Government of Croatia adopted a new National Plan for the period 2012-2015 aimed at the suppression of Trafficking in Persons. In particular, the current Plan has among its goals to strengthen activities to identify victims of trafficking.
− Cyprus −
The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Cyprus covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol.
Investigations and suspects
Number of persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007-2011
140 Females Males 120
100 39 26 80 30 60 21
40 79 79 20 60 20 43 26 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Source: Office of Combating Trafficking in Human Beings - Cyprus Police.
Number of persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007-2010
7 Females Males 6 1 5
4
3 5 2 3 1 2 1 0 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Office of Combating Trafficking in Human Beings - Cyprus Police.
Number of persons convicted for trafficking in persons, by citizenship, 2007-2011 Eastern Europe, 1
Cyprus, 11
Source: Office of Combating Trafficking in Human Beings - Cyprus Police.
Victims
Number of detected victims of trafficking in persons by age and gender, 2007-2011
120 Girls Men 100 Women
80 86 60 2 2 2 5 40 1 5 52 56 45 20 34 27
0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Source: Office of Combating Trafficking in Human Beings - Cyprus Police.
Number of detected victims of trafficking in persons, by form of exploitation, 2007-2011
Others, 24
Sexual Forced labour, exploitation, 121 164
Source: Office of Combating Trafficking in Human Beings - Cyprus Police.
Number of detected victims of trafficking in persons, by citizenship, 2007-2011
Others Middle East and North Africa, Others, 19 15
Others Eastern Europe and Central Asia, 37 Romania, 119
Others Western and Central Europe, 24
Dominican Republic, 20 Viet Nam, 22 Philippines, 29 Rep. of Moldova, 24
Source: Office of Combating Trafficking in Human Beings - Cyprus Police.
− Czech Republic−
The current legislation on trafficking in persons in the Czech Republic covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol.
Investigations and suspects
Number of persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007-2010
40 Females 35 Males 8 30 5 25 20 5 8 15 27 27 10 15 14 5 0 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Ministry of the Interior.
Number of persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007-2010
40 Females Males 35 Total 30
25
20
15
10
10 5 1 1 3 0 2 1 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Ministry of the Interior.
Victims Number of detected victims of trafficking, by age, 2007-2010 140 Childre n 120 4 Adults 100 80 7 60 115 40 2 2 69 20 31 40 0 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Ministry of the Interior.
Victims in the Programme on support and protection of victims of trafficking, by forms of exploitation (2007-2010)
Forced Sexual labour, 30 exploitation, 32
Source: Ministry of the Interior.
Victims in the Programme on support and protection of victims of trafficking, by citizenship, 2007-2010
Others, 9 Czech Rep., 15
Others - Europe, 11
Ukraine, 18
Source: Ministry of the Interior.
Additional information
A National Action Plan is in place for the period 2008 to 2011. The Plan focuses on these four areas: a) coordination of activities and collection of data relating to trafficking in human beings; b) draft amendments to acts and related legal provisions; c) approach towards a solution to exploitation of prostitution; and d) to define a framework strategy to prevent trafficking in human beings.
− Denmark−
The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Denmark covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol.
Investigations and suspects
Number of persons against whom charges have been pressed for trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007-2010
35 Females Males 30
25 10 20 8 15 15
10 19 5 14 5 10 8 0 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Danish National Police.
Number of persons convicted for trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007-2010
35 Females
30 Males
25
20
15
10 24 5 5 8 7 0 2 2 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Ministry of Justice.
Number of persons convicted for trafficking in persons, by citizenship, 2007-2010
West Africa, 2 Others, 6
Denmark, 3
Other Western and Central Europe, 19
Source: Ministry of Justice.
Victims
Number of detected victims of trafficking in persons, by age and gender, 2007-2010
60 Girls
1 50 3 Men 1 Adults (unspecified 40 19 gender) Women 30
45 20 28 29 10 17
0 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Danish Centre against Human Trafficking (CNM) and the Danish Immigration Service (US).
Number of detected victims of trafficking in persons, by form of exploitation, 2010
Forced labour, 2 Sexual exploitation, 73
Information about exploitation of the victims was systematically registered since 2010. For the years 2008 and 2009, some information is missing.
Source: Danish Centre against Human Trafficking (CNM) and the Danish Immigration Service (US).
Number of detected victims of trafficking in persons, by citizenship, 2007-2010 Others Europe, 15
Romania, 10
Latvia, 6 Nigeria, 58 Others, 6
Thailand, 18
Brazil, 9 Others Africa, 17 Source: Danish Centre against Human Trafficking (CNM).
− Estonia −
In March 2012, Estonia introduced the specific offence of trafficking in persons covering all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Before the introduction of the specific offence, different offences were used to prosecute cases of trafficking in persons, including the offences of enslaving, hostage taking, illegal removal of organs, pimping, child stealing and others.
Investigations and suspects
Number of persons prosecuted for offences related to trafficking in persons, 2007-2010
200 180 160 140 120 135 144 200 100 80 155 60 40 20 0 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Ministry of Justice.
Number of persons convicted of offences related to trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007-2010 200 Females 180 Males 160 140 120 100 23 3 80 60 9 12 40 78 78 20 44 46 0 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Ministry of Justice.
The citizenship of those convicted under the criminal offences used to prosecute trafficking in persons during this period was either Estonian, from other Baltic countries or from Eastern Europe. Some of those convicted did not have a registered citizenship.
Source: Ministry of Justice.
Victims
Number of victims of trafficking assisted by different local NGOs
90 80 70 60 50 40 78
30 55 57 20 10 0 2008 2009 2010
Source: Ministry of Justice.
Additional information
The Estonian authorities established a national developmental plan for reducing violence for the years 2010-2014; combating trafficking in persons is one of the objectives of the plan. The Plan includes activities aimed at the prevention of trafficking by providing information on trafficking in human beings to the general public and risk groups (especially young people and girls). It also includes activities aimed at preventing and identifying exploitation of the labour force, supporting victims of trafficking in human beings, increasing the efficiency of investigation of cases of trafficking in human beings and establishing and developing networks of cooperation.
− Finland−
The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Finland covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol.
Investigations and suspects
Number of persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007-2009
8 Females 7 Males 6 2 5 4 3 5 2 1 1 2 1 0 2007 2008 2009
Source: Case management system of the prosecution service.
Number of persons convicted for trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007-2009
8 Females 7 Males
6 5 1 4 2
3
2 4 3 1 2
0 2007 2008 2009
Source: Ministry of Justice.
Victims
Number of victims of trafficking assisted by the Oulu and Joutseno centers (NGOs), by age and gender, 2007-2010
55 50 45 Women 40 Men 35 Girls 31 30 Boys 25 20 15 7 10 13 13 1 5 6 2 1 3 0 113 4 2007 2008 2009 2010 Women 1 7 13 31 Men 16413 Girls 23 3 Boys 11
Source: The national referral system – Joutseno and Oulu Reception centers.
Number of victims of trafficking assisted by the Oulu and Joutseno centers (NGOs), by form of exploitation, 2007-2010
Others, 10
Sexual exploitation, 33
Forced labour, 42
Source: The national referral system – Joutseno and Oulu Reception centers.
Number of victims of trafficking assisted by the Oulu and Joutseno centers (NGOs), by citizenship, 2007-2010
Western and Others, 3 Central Europe, 5 Other Africa, 6 Eastern Europe,12
Somalia, 12
India, 10 Nigeria, 8
Other South Asia, 7 China, 13 Thailand, 6
Source: The national referral system – Joutseno and Oulu Reception centers.
Additional information
Finland carries out anti-trafficking measures under the national legislation and the Revised National Plan of Action against Trafficking in Human Beings adopted in 2008.
Finland has started to draft revised legislation on human trafficking in two parallel projects. The Ministry of Justice is responsible for proposals concerning the Penal Code. The legislation project of the Ministry of the Interior will draw up a proposal for revised provisions on the National Assistance System for Victims of Trafficking, identification of victims, and exchange of information between authorities and other actors participating in victim assistance. The aim is to submit the proposal to the Parliament during the autumn session of 2013.
− France −
The current legislation on trafficking in persons in France covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol.
Investigations and suspects
Number of persons convicted of offences related to trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007-2010
800 Females 700 Males 206 195 600 174 180 500 400 300 532 528 506 484 200 100 0 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Casier Judiciaire National.
Number of persons convicted of offences related to trafficking in persons, by citizenship, 2007-2010
Foreigners, French, 1364 1441
Source: Casier Judiciaire National.
Victims
Number of detected victims of sexual exploitation, by age and gender, 2008 - 2010
900 Children 23 20 Men 800 11 56 40 Women 700 14 600 500 400 788 723 672 300 200 100 0 2008 2009 2010
Source: Casier Judiciaire National.
Number of detected victims of sexual exploitation, by citizenship, 2008 - 2010
Others - Africa, 42 Morocco, 80 Others, 80 Cameroon, 80 France, 675 Algeria, 98
Brazil, 136
China, 146
Nigeria, 172 Bulgaria, 210 Romania, 337
Source: Casier Judiciaire National.
− Georgia−
The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Georgia covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol.
Investigations and suspects
Number of criminal proceedings for trafficking in persons, January 2009 – September 2010
12 11 Cases registered Cases opened 10 9
8
6
4 3 2 2
0 Jan-September 2009 Jan-September 2010
Source: Police.
− Germany −
The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Germany covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. The German legislation has three articles of the criminal code to prosecute trafficking in persons (Art. 232 for trafficking for sexual exploitation, Art. 233 for exploitation of the workforce and Art. 233a for trafficking for forced labour).
Investigations and suspects
Number of persons convicted for trafficking in persons, by article of the criminal code and by gender, 2007-2010
180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 Male - (art.232) 94 112 108 84 Female - (art.232) 29 26 27 31
Male - (art. 233) 614712 Female - (art.233) 2231
Male - (art.233a) 1122
Source: Prosecution Statistics.
Number of persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by citizenship, 2007-2010
180 Foreigners 160 German 140 120 67 79 63 100 71 80 60 40 88 70 69 60 20 0 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Prosecution Statistics.
Victims
Number of detected victims of trafficking, by age and gender, 2007-2010
800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 Unknown/Unrecorded 23 12 23 11 Men 17 15 33 34 Women 568 496 528 512 Girls 74 110 76 81 Boys 7 597313
Sources: Bundeskriminalamt (Federal Criminal Police Office), Bundeslagebild Menschenhandel 2007-2010.
Number of detected victims of trafficking, by form of exploitation, 2007-2010
800 Forced labour 23 16 Sexual exploitation 700 41 600
500
400 689 676 710 300 610
200
100
0 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Bundeskriminalamt (Federal Criminal Police Office), Bundeslagebild Menschenhandel 2007-2010.
Number of detected victims of trafficking, by citizenship, 2007-2010
Others, 630 German, 676
Nigerian, 124
Hungarian, 141 Romanian, 478 Czech, 101 Polish, 156 Bulgarian, 459
Source: Bundeskriminalamt (Federal Criminal Police Office), Bundeslagebild Menschenhandel 2007-2010.
Additional information
During the years covered by this Report, the German authorities have developed National Action Plans to Combat Violence Against Women, and for the Protection of Children and Young Persons from Sexual Violence and Exploitation.
− Greece −
The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Greece covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol, by using two articles of the Criminal Code (Art. 351 - trafficking for exploitation purposes, and Art. 323a – trafficking in human beings).
Investigations and suspects
Number of persons prosecuted for trafficking in person, by age and gender, 2007-2010
250 Boys 4 Women 200 57 83 Men
1 150 49
100 38 179 163 112 50 83
0 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Hellenic police.
Number of convictions according to the article of the criminal code used, 2008-2010
250
Article 351 200 Article 323a
150
100
50 32 19 16 6 1 5 0
Source: Ministry of Justice.
Victims
Number of detected victims of trafficking, by age and gender, 2007-2010
140 Children Men 120 Women 13
100 4 21
80 31 17 7 9 8 60
40 87 64 61 66 20
0 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Hellenic police.
Number of cases of trafficking, by form of exploitation, 2007-2010
70 Other Forced Labour 60 14 Sexual Exploitation 1 50 7
40 21 11 30 52 46 20 37 29 10
0 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Hellenic police.
Number of detected victims of trafficking, by citizenship, 2007-2010
Russian Federation, 62
Nigeria, 27
Albania, 17 Bulgaria, 109 Lithuania, 9 Rep.of Moldova, 5 Slovakia, 6 Others, 18
Greece (domestic trafficking), 2
Romania,134
Source: Hellenic police.
− Hungary −
The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Hungary covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol.
Investigations and suspects
Number of persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007-2010
40 Females 35 Males 30 25 20 5 15 2 2 1 10 15 15 14 13 5 0 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Uniform Register of Investigation and Prosecution Services’ Statistics.
Number of persons convicted for trafficking in persons, by gender, 2008-2010
40 Females 35 Males 30 6 25 20 4
15 28 10 18 14 5 0 2008 2009 2010
Source: Prosecution Service.
The persons convicted were all Hungarian nationals.
Source: Uniform Register of Investigation and Prosecution Services’ Statistics.
Victims Number of victims of trafficking, by age and gender, 2007-2010
30 Women Men 25 Girls
20 22 15
10
6 5 5 6 6 1 3 4 0 1 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Uniform Register of Investigation and Prosecution Services’ Statistics.
Number of victims of trafficking, by form of exploitation, 2007-2010
Others, 15
Forced labour, 3 Sexual exploitation, 37
Source: Uniform Register of Investigation and Prosecution Services’ Statistics.
Most of the victims were Hungarians repatriated from other countries. Two Hungarians were victims of internal trafficking in 2010. Three victims were trafficked into Hungary from South-East Europe.
Source: Uniform Register of Investigation and Prosecution Services’ Statistics.
Additional information
The First National Action Plan against human trafficking was elaborated in June 2005. On the base of the results of this first plan, a Second National Action Plan was adopted for the period 2008-2012.
The aims of the revised National Action Plan are the following: develop victim-oriented approach and improve the efficiency of actions; develop victim support; develop a prevention system; develop a coordinating mechanism; improve the efficiency of law enforcement and justice bodies; develop an information database; and develop a tuition and training system.
The priorities identified by the national authorities in combating trafficking are: respecting the special needs of the endangered group of victims, especially minors or young adults; encouraging regional co-operation; and efficient, punctual, transparent and accountable use of financial resources.
− Ireland −
The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Ireland covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol.
Investigations and suspects
Number of investigations on trafficking in persons, 2009-2010
70
65
60 69 66 55
50 2009 2010
Source: Anti-Human Trafficking Unit.
Number of persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, by gender, 2009-2010
70 Women Men 60 Total 50
40
30
20
10 6 1 0 4 2009 2010
Source: Anti-Human Trafficking Unit.
Number of persons convicted of trafficking in persons, 2009-2010
70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1 4 2009 2010
In 2010, 5 convictions were recorded, however, one of these was already sentenced in 2009. The persons convicted during the reporting period were all adult men.
Source: Anti-Human Trafficking Unit. Victims
Number of victims detected by the police, by age, 2009-2010
90 Children 80 Adults
70 19
60 17 50 40
30 59 49 20 10 0 2009 2010
Source: Anti-Human Trafficking Unit.
Number of victims detected by the police, by citizenship, 2009-2010
Non-EU Europe, Caucasus,Ireland, 1 6 4
EU, 23
Asia, 12 Africa, 87
Source: Anti-Human Trafficking Unit.
Number of victims detected by the police, by form of exploitation, 2009-2010
Uncategorized exploitation, 3 Forced labour, 19
Sexual exploitation, 65
Source: Anti-Human Trafficking Unit.
Number of victims assisted by RUHAMA (NGO), by citizenship, 2009 Other Europe, 4
Nigeria, 12 Other Africa, 6
Romania, 4
Source: RUHAMA.
Number of victims assisted by RUHAMA (NGO), by age, 2009 Children, 1
Adults, 25
Source: RUHAMA.
− Italy −
The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Italy covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol.
Investigations and suspects
Number of persons arrested for trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007-2010
700 Females Males 600 169 500 200 153 400
300 109 453 200 339 356 251 100
0 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Ministry of the Interior.
Number of persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007-2010
700 Females Males 600 148 500 144 400 117
300 91 454 200 406 344 271 100
0 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: District Prosecutorial Offices.
Number of persons convicted of trafficking in persons, 2007-2010
700
600
500
400
300
200
100 80 95 99 0 38 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Ministry of Justice.
Victims
Number of victims detected by the criminal justice system, by age, 2007-2010
800 Adults 700 Children
600
500
400 656 592 300
200 361 282 100 59 0 36 20 46 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: District Prosecutorial Offices.
Number of victims detected by the local authorities and NGOs, by form of exploitation, 2007-2010
800 Others Forced labour 700 Sexual exploitation 600 19 35 52 51 17 500 136 73 132 400
300 490 200 398 414 385 100
0 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Beyond the Street Project.
Number of victims detected by the criminal justice system, by citizenship, 2007-2010
Others, 186
China, 51 Romania, 427
Nigeria, 383 Bulgaria, 116
Italy (domestic trafficking), 176
Source: District Prosecutorial Offices.
− Kazakhstan −
The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Kazakhstan covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol.
Investigations and suspects
Number of cases of trafficking in persons investigated (art128cc), 2005 - July 2010
30
25
20
15 21 10 20 20 20 18 5 10
0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Jan-July 2010
Source: CTS-Police/Ministry of Interior.
Number of persons convicted for trafficking in persons, by form of exploitation, 2008-2009
30 Forced labour Sexual exploitation 25 3 20 6
15
21 10 18 5
0 2008 2009
Source: The International Legal Initiative.
− Kyrgyzstan −
The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Kyrgyzstan covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol.
Investigations and suspects
Number of cases investigated for trafficking in persons, 2003 - July 2010 40 35 30 25 20 34 36 34 15 25 10 21 5 7 6 5 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Jan-July 2010
Source: CTS-Police/Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Number of persons convicted for trafficking in persons, 2004-2008
40 35 30 25 20 15 10 16 5 13 5 7 0 3 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Source: CTS-Courts.
Number of victims detected by the criminal justice system, by form of exploitation, 2008-July2010
Selling babies, 10 Sexual exploitation, 17
Forced labour, 14
Source: Ministry of Labour, Employment and Migration.
Victims
Number of Kyrgyz detected victims assisted for repatriation, by gender, 2008-2010
Males , 67
Females, 95
Source: Ministry of Labour, Employment and Migration.
Number of Kyrgyz detected victims assisted for repatriation, by form of exploitation, 2008-2010 Sexual exploitation , 37
Forced labour, 125
Source: Ministry of Labour, Employment and Migration.
Number of victims the crisis center Sezim, by age and gender, Jan - July 2010
Children, 6
Women, 16
Source: Ministry of Labour, Employment and Migration.
Number of victims the crisis center Sezim, by country of destination, Jan-July2010
Middle East, 3
Others, 3 Kyrgyzstan (internal trafficking) , 10
Source: Ministry of Labour, Employment and Migration.
− Latvia−
The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Latvia covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol.
Investigations and suspects
Number of persons investigated for trafficking in persons, by gender, 2008-2010
14 Females Males 12
10
8 3 6 2
4 6 2 2 5 2 0 2008 2009 2010
Source: Information Centre of the Ministry of the Interior.
Number of persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, by gender, 2008-2010
14 Females Males 12
10 3 8
6
4 8
2 2 1 0 2008 2009 2010
Source: Information Centre of the Ministry of the Interior.
Number of persons convicted for trafficking in persons, by gender, 2008-2010
14 Females 12 Males
10
8
6
4 1 2 1 2 1 1 0 2008 2009 2010
Source: Court Information System.
Victims
Number of detected victims of trafficking in persons, by age and gender, 2008-2010
14 Women Girls 12 Boys 10 7 8 13 6 7 4 4 2 1 1 1 0 2008 2009 2010
Source: Shelter Safe House.
Number of detected victims of trafficking, by form of exploitation, 2008-2010
Forced labour, 5 Others, 10
Sexual exploitation, 16
Source: Shelter Safe House.
− Lithuania −
The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Lithuania covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol.
Investigations and suspects
Number of persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, by gender
25 Females Males 20 7 3 15
10 3 15 16 5 8 3 0 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Ministry of Interior.
Number of persons convicted for trafficking in persons, by gender
25 Females Males 20
15
5 2 10 3
5 11 9 8 1 0 1 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: The National Courts Administration.
The persons convicted were all Lithuanian nationals.
Source: The National Courts Administration.
Victims
Number of detected victims of trafficking in persons, by age and gender, 2007-2010
25 Men Women 20 Girls
15 21
10 2 9
5 7 4 5 1 2 1 0 1 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Ministry of Interior.
According to the Lithuanian authorities, the majority of the cases concerned trafficking for sexual exploitation and just a few cases where the victims were exploited in forced labour. All the victims but one Latvian identified in 2009 are Lithuanians. The majority of the international trafficking cases dealt with Lithuanian victims trafficked to the United Kingdom.
Source: Ministry of Interior.
− Luxembourg −
The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Luxembourg covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol.
Investigations and suspects
Number of persons convicted for trafficking in persons, 2008-2010
5 Number of citizens resident in Luxembourg convicted 4 4 for TIP 4 Number of EU citizens non resident in Luxembourg 3 3 convicted for TIP
2 2 2
1 1
0 2008 2009 2010
Source: Government of Luxembourg.
Victims
Luxembourg is a destination country for women trafficked primarily from Ukraine, Brazil, Romania, Bulgaria and Nigeria for commercial sexual exploitation. Thus far, only one case of forced labour has been identified in Luxembourg, in 2010.
Source: Government of Luxembourg.
− Malta −
The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Malta covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol.
Investigations and suspects
Number of persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, 2007-2011
8 7 6 6 5 4 4 3 3 2 1 00 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Source: Malta Police Statistics Office.
All persons prosecuted were males. During the reporting period no person was convicted of trafficking in persons, as all the cases are sub judice.
Victims
Number of detected victims of trafficking in persons, 2007-2011
8 7 7 Sexual exploitation 6 5
4 3 3
2 1 1 00 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Source: Malta Police Force Statistics.
The victims detected were adult women, and one adult male detected in 2011. Victims were trafficked from South-eastern and Eastern Europe for sexual exploitation.
Additional information
The authorities in Malta adopted a National Action Plan for the period October 2011 to October 2012. The purpose of this Action Plan is to consolidate current procedures and initiatives relating to trafficking in persons; identify areas of concern requiring action; enhance accountability in relation to the delivery of actions within the National Action Plan; provide the necessary tools and resources for the development of a holistic strategy in the fight against trafficking in persons; raise awareness among public authorities of the importance of trafficking cases with a view to register greater effectiveness in relation to the prosecution of cases and the identification of victims and to enhance the administrative capacity of Maltese authorities to deal with human trafficking cases.
− Monaco −
The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Monaco covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol.
Investigations and suspects
Between 2007 and 2009, six persons were prosecuted for trafficking in persons. Just one of them was a woman. During the same period, four persons were convicted and one of them was a woman. The persons convicted are three Europeans and one Middle Eastern national.
Source: Parquet General.
Victims
Number of detected victims of trafficking in persons (all adult women), 2007-2009 12 10 8 6 10 4 7 2 4 0 2007 2008 2009
Source: Parquet General.
Number of victims of trafficking in persons, by citizenship, 2007-2009 Others, 1
Brazil, 7
Europe, 11
Africa, 3 Source: Parquet General.
The victims were all trafficked for sexual exploitation.
Source: Parquet General.
− Montenegro −
The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Montenegro covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol.
Investigations and suspects
Number of persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, 2006-2010 12 10 10 9
8 7
6 4 4 3
2
0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Police Montenegro/CTS-Police.
Number of persons convicted for trafficking in persons, 2006-2010 12
10
8
6 10 10 10 4
2 4 3 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Police Montenegro/CTS-Courts.
Victims
Number of detected victims of trafficking in persons, 2007-2008 5
4
3
2 4 3 1
0 2007 2008
Source: CTS-Police.
The detected victims were all adult women.
− Netherlands −
The current legislation on trafficking in persons in the Netherlands covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol.
Investigations and suspects
Number of persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007-2010
300 Unknown or 2 legal entity 250 47 Females 6 Males 200 32 39
150 25 232 100 176 176
50 116
0 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: BNRM (Bureau of the Dutch National Rapporteur on Trafficking in Human Beings).
Number of persons convicted for trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007-2010
300 Unknown gender Females 250 Males
200
150
100 1 8 1 9 12 13 50 60 70 55 71 0 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: BNRM (Bureau of the Dutch National Rapporteur on Trafficking in Human Beings).
Number of persons convicted for trafficking in persons, by country/territory of birth, 2007-2010
Others, 68
Netherlands, 103
Morocco, 14
Former Netherlands Antilles, 17
Hungary, 17 Romania, 22 Suriname, 18 Bulgaria, 24 Turkey, 17
Source: BNRM (Bureau of the Dutch National Rapporteur on Trafficking in Human Beings).
Victims Number of presumed victims of trafficking in persons by age and gender, 2007-2010
1200
1000 10 145 1 104 7 800 7 Unknown 3 164 5 Girls 600 182 Boys 16 Women 657 735 400 Men 615 482 200
131 106 0 33 41 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: BNRM (Bureau of the Dutch National Rapporteur on Trafficking in Human Beings).
Number of presumed victims of trafficking in persons, by country of birth, 2007-2010
China, 176 Bulgaria, 167 Nigeria, 399 Romania, 185 Sierra Leone, 144
Hungary, 163
Guinea, 96
Dutch (domestic trafficking), 1,145
Others, 969
Source: 2007-2009: BNRM (Bureau of the Dutch National Rapporteur on Trafficking in Human Beings); 2010: CoMensha.
Number of presumed victims of trafficking in persons, by form of exploitation, 2007-2009
Forced labour/servitude, 148 Sexual exploitation, 1241 Not exploited yet, 253
Unknown, 715 Others, 105
Source: BNRM (Bureau of the Dutch National Rapporteur on Trafficking in Human Beings).
− Norway −
The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Norway covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol.
Investigations and suspects
Number of persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007-2010
40 35 11 Unrecorded gender 30 25 18 13 4 Females 20 1 15 8 27 Males 10 22 16 5 12 0 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: The Norwegian police register for criminal cases.
Number of persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007-2010
40 35 30 25 Females
20 Males 15 10 3 5 1 6 1 4 3 0 2 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: National Criminal Investigation Service.
Number of persons convicted for trafficking in persons, by citizenship, 2007-2010
Others, 2 Norway, 3
Nigeria, 6
Europe, 9
Source: National Criminal Investigation Service.
Victims
Number of detected victims, by age and gender, 2007-2010
350
300 42 32 250 16
200 10 Men 198 146 191 Women 150 Girls 139 100 Boys 49 19 50 35 50 45 60 0 19 19 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Annual Report 2010, Norwegian National Coordinating Unit for Victims of Trafficking.
Number of detected victims, by form of exploitation, 2007-2010
350
300 2
250 112 80 71 200 Others 32 150 Forced labour Sexual 100 198 194 exploitation 162 180 50
0 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Annual Report 2010, Norwegian National Coordinating Unit for Victims of Trafficking.
Number of detected victims, by citizenship, 2009-2010
Nigeria, 225 Romania, 51
Lithuania, 37 Bulgaria, 18 Eritrea, 21 China, 19 Somalia, 21
Others, 219
Source: Annual Report 2010, Norwegian National Coordinating Unit for Victims of Trafficking.
− Poland −
Since September 2010, the offence of trafficking in persons adopted in the Polish criminal code covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol.
Investigations and suspects
Number of persons prosecuted for offences related to trafficking in persons, 2006-2008
80 70 60 50 40 78 30 62 20 36 10 0 2006 2007 2008
Source: National Prosecutor Office.
Number of persons convicted for offences related to trafficking in persons, by gender, 2006-2008
80 70 60 50 Females 40 Males 30 20 2 10 12 1 1 0 3 4 2006 2007 2008
Source: CTS-Courts.
Number of persons convicted for offences related to trafficking in persons, by citizenship, 2006-2008
Rep. of Moldova, 1 Ukraine, 1
4
17
Source: CTS-Courts.
Number of closed cases for offences related to trafficking in persons, 2006-2008
60
50
40
30 53 48 20 26 10
0 2006 2007 2008
Source: National Prosecutor Office.
Victims
In 2008, the authorities reported to have identified 62 victims of trafficking in persons. Out of the 19 victims that were detected during the first six months of 2009, 13 were adults and 6 children.
Source: CTS-Police.
− Portugal −
The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Portugal covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol.
Investigations and suspects
Persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007-2009
8
7
6 Females 5 prosecuted 3 4 Males 7 prosecuted 3 Total persons 2 4 prosecuted 3 1
0 2007 2008 2009
Source: Directorate-General for Justice Policy/ Ministry of Justice.
Three persons were convicted of trafficking in persons in 2008, and five persons were convicted in 2009. Out of these eight people, three were Portuguese citizens and five were Romanians.
Source: Directorate-General for Justice Policy/ Ministry of Justice.
Victims Number of detected victims of trafficking in persons, by gender and age, 2008-2010
45 1 40 4 35
30 15 Boys 25 1 Girls 20 1 Men Women 15 2 13 10 22 15 5 7 0 2008 2009 2010
Source: Observatory on Trafficking in Human Beings (OTSH)/Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Number of detected victims of trafficking in persons, by form of exploitation, 2008-2010
45 40 35 30 1 Adoption 25 20 Forced labour 19 15 1 Sexual 2 12 10 exploitation 5 12 7 6 0 2008 2009 2010
Source: Observatory on Trafficking in Human Beings (OTSH)/Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Number of detected victims of trafficking in persons, by citizenship, 2008-2010
Romania, 17
Mozambique,16 Others, 3
Portugal, 20
Brazil, 23
Source: Observatory on Trafficking in Human Beings (OTSH)/Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Additional information
A National Action Plan is in place in Portugal for the period 2011-2013. Portugal’s National Action Plan comprises of 45 measures in four strategic intervention areas: Knowledge, awareness-raising and prevention; 16 measures, 5 under the section knowledge, 6 under awareness-raising and 5 under prevention. Education and training; 13 operational measures subdivided into two sections, education with 6 measures, and training, with 7. Protection and support; 8 operational measures, protection listing 3 measures and support with 5. Criminal investigation and cooperation; 8 operational measures, 3 outlined under criminal investigation and 5 in cooperation. Among other activities, the 45 measures include: to elaborate annual awareness-raising campaigns, to promote the integration of disciplinary modules on human trafficking in academic informative contents, to incorporate the theme of human trafficking in the project area of secondary education, to promote the training of judges in the field of human trafficking, to promote the training of health professionals and security forces which provide support to victims of trafficking for labour or sexual exploitation, to promote the funding of projects supporting the protection and assistance of victims and implement mechanisms providing legal advice to victims of human trafficking. The measures allow to strengthen the knowledge about the phenomenon, privilege pedagogical action with different actors linked to it, by enabling concrete and adjusted actions aimed at protecting and assisting the victims and penalizing the agents involved in human trafficking. The Plan is coordinated by the Commission for Citizenship and Gender Equality as the entity responsible for citizenship, promotion and defense of gender equality.
− Republic of Moldova −
The current legislation on trafficking in persons in the Republic of Moldova covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Two different offences are used to criminalize human trafficking: Art. 165 of the criminal code (trafficking in human beings) and Art. 206 (trafficking in children).
Investigations and suspects
Number of persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, by offence, 2007-2011
300 Trafficking in human beings 251 Trafficking in children 250 215
200 185
150 140 111 100
47 50 31 21 21 23
0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Source: Ministry of Interior, Centre for Combating Trafficking in Persons (CCTP).
Number of persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by offence, 2007-2011
300
Trafficking in human beings 250 Trafficking in children 200
150
100 63 64 52 48 50 18 7 5 4 5 2 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Source: Ministry of Interior, Centre for Combating Trafficking in Persons (CCTP).
Victims
Victims of trafficking in persons by age and gender, 2007-2011
350 Adult Women
300 Adult Men
250 Children
200 211 206 150 105 100 146 103 40 50 28 37 28 47 18 37 27 23 0 18 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Source: Ministry of Interior, Centre for Combating Trafficking in Persons (CCTP).
Number of cases of trafficking in persons, by form of exploitation, 2007-2011
Forced Sexual labour, 221 exploitation, Removal of 759 organs, 9 Begging, 32 Other, 5
Source: Ministry of Interior, Centre for Combating Trafficking in Persons (CCTP).
Moldovan victims of trafficking, by country of destination, 2009-2010
Middle East, 30
Eastern Europe and Central Western and Asia, 74 Central Europe, 165 Moldova (domestic trafficking),31 East Asia, 2
Source: Ministry of Interior, Centre for Combating Trafficking in Persons (CCTP).
Victims of trafficking in persons officially returned from other countries, 2007-2011
350
300
250
200
150 273 100 158 159 139 50 98
0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Source: Ministry of Interior, Centre for Combating Trafficking in Persons (CCTP).
− Romania −
The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Romania covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol.
Investigations and suspects
Number of persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007-2010
500 450 400 350 300 86 Total 250 57 Females 429 200 415 Males 150 238 100 205 50 0 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Directorate for the Investigation of Organized Crime and Terrorism related offences.
Number of persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007-2011
500 450 400 350 300 Unknown 18 250 40 200 Females 52 56 150 49 42 Males 100 218 139 139 141 147 50 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Source: Directorate for the Investigation of Organized Crime and Terrorism related offences.
Victims
Detected victims of trafficking in persons, by age and gender, 2007-2011
2000 1800 1600
1400 783 1200 Men Women 1000 603 467 354 Girls 800 Boys 600 706 328 380 375 400 451 276 200 270 289 225 163 144 0 37 23 32 37 30 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Source: National Agency against Trafficking in Persons.
Detected victims of trafficking in persons, by form of exploitation, 2007-2011
2000 1800 180 1600 1400 Others 1200 877 109 169 1000 135 Forced labour 800 716 144 503 408 Sexual exploitation 600 314 400 724 482 506 200 386 320 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Source: National Agency against Trafficking in Persons.
Detected victims of trafficking in persons, by type of trafficking, 2007-2010
2000 1800 207 1600 1400 1200 175 Domestically Trafficked 1000 307 Repatriated 800 1573 146 600 1065 400 847 634 200 0 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: National Agency against Trafficking in Persons.
Among the victims reportedly trafficked in Romania, most are Romanian nationals with a few other Europeans and Latin Americans. The Romanians trafficked abroad were repatriated from countries in Western and Central Europe.
Source: National Agency against Trafficking in Persons.
− Russian Federation−
The specific offence of trafficking in persons in the Russian Federation (art.127.1 Criminal Code) covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. In addition, the authorities prosecute trafficking in persons by use of other articles of the criminal code, such as coercion to organ or tissue removal for the purpose of transplantation (art.120 Criminal Code), slave labour (art.127.2 Criminal Code), the organization of prostitution (art.241 Criminal Code), illegal crossing of state boarder (art.322 Criminal Code) and others.
Investigations and suspects
Number of persons investigated for trafficking in persons, 2007-2010
100
90
80
70
60
50 86 40 67 30 55 53 20
10
0 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Ministry of the Interior.
The authorities report that individuals prosecuted for trafficking in persons tend to be young or young adults (up to 40 years of age), without previous convictions. The main objective of committing human trafficking is to generate profits. About 60 per cent of the persons convicted are men, and 40 per cent are women.
In 2010, criminal proceedings for offenses related to human trafficking and slavery, including labor and sexual exploitation, involved 46 persons. About 78% of the suspects were Russian citizens, 12% were foreign citizens and 7% were stateless persons. In 2011, under art.127.1 of the Criminal Code, the law enforcement authorities registered 50 trafficking offenses involving 17 suspects. During the first 9 months of 2012 the authorities registered 50 trafficking offenses involving 45 suspects.
Source: Ministry of the Interior.
Victims
Number of detected victims of trafficking in persons, 2008-2010
100
90 80
70
60
50 100
40 82
30 57 20
10
0 2008 2009 2010
Among the 100 victims detected in 2010, 90 were females and 10 were minors. Nationals of the Russian Federation comprised 93% of the victims detected that year, while foreign citizens and stateless persons accounted for 7%. Source: Ministry of the Interior.
The authorities report that three main types of human trafficking occur in the Russian Federation. The first type involves the exploitation of prostitution, and it is often inter- regional or international. The second type is trafficking in children which often involves the parents of the victim living in a dysfunctional family. The third type is trafficking for labor exploitation.
As to the international trafficking, the authorities indicate that four main international trafficking routes can be identified in the Russian Federation: 1) The Central European route to Greece and Cyprus; in 2010, the authorities dismantled an international trafficking network recruiting women from the Russian far east, transporting them across Central Europe to be sexually exploited in Greece. 2) The route to the Middle East (The Gulf countries of the Middle East, Egypt and Israel). 3) The route to South Asia and China, in particular the Sino-Siberian and Sino-coastal routes; in 2011, Russian authorities detected victims (girls) trafficked along these routes from Khakassia to China. 4) The Mediterranean route; in 2010, Russian authorities dismantled two international trafficking groups engaged in trafficking of young women for sexual exploitation in Malta and Spain. Other more recent investigations refer to several hundreds victims exploited in Turkey, Israel, Italy, Spain, Greece and Northern Cyprus.
Source: Ministry of the Interior.
Additional information
The Russian Federation is party to the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, adopted in Palermo on 12 December 2000, and the Protocols thereto: the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children; and the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air. Under the Action Plan of the Government of the Russian Federation in 2012, signed the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, and the Convention for the Protection of children against sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. Furthermore, the 2011-2013 Programme of Cooperation between Member States of the Commonwealth of Independent States against Trafficking in Persons, which includes organizational, legal and practical joint measures aimed at combating trafficking in persons and assisting victims of such crime, was approved in December 2010. In the field of international police co-operation, the Russian authorities use extensively the permanent working groups on specific criminal issues, trafficking in persons being one of the priority matters. This cooperation results in more rapid flows of information concerning each investigated case. Furthermore, the liaison officers at embassies in Moscow and abroad facilitate the exchange of information and coordination between national and foreign law enforcement agencies. In 2004 federal law “State Protection of Victims, Witnesses and other Participants of Criminal Proceedings” was adopted. This law established the State Program for the Security of Victims, Witnesses and other Participants of Criminal Proceedings. A draft of new federal law “Victims of Crimes” is under discussion. In 2012, a department for psychological help to victims was created under the Serbskiy State Scientific Center of Social and Forensic Psychiatry.
Source: Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation.
− Serbia −
The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Serbia covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol.
Investigations and suspects
Persons suspected of trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007-2010 140 120 100 23 80 21 Females 19 18 60 Males
40 73 76 56 62 20 0 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Ministry of Interior.
Persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007-2011
140
120 100 23 80 21 Females 13 18 Males 60 10 40 73 76 61 56 20 42
0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 . Source: Ministry of Justice
Persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007-2011
140 120 100 Total 80 Females 60 Males 40 20 7 4 3 39 12 22 18 0 7 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Source: Ministry of Justice.
Victims
Detected victims of trafficking in persons, by gender and age, 2007-2011
100 90 15 Women 80 70 33 Men 60 46 43 35 Girls 50 4 Boys 40 20 30 33 1 16 19 20 19 27 17 10 16 15 9 6 0 5 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Source: Ministry of Interior.
Detected victims of trafficking in persons, by form of exploitation, 2008-2011
Forced labour, 36
Begging, 33
Forced marriage, 14 Sexual Petty crimes, 12 exploitation, 148
Source: Ministry of Interior.
Detected victims of trafficking in persons, by citizenship, 2007-2011
Other Balkans, 36 Eastern Europe, Serbia, 334 4 Others, 5
Source: Ministry of Interior.
− Slovakia −
The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Slovakia covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol.
Investigations and suspects
Persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007-2010
20 18 16 2 14 12 Females 10 3 Males 8 14 6 1 4 9 2 5 2 3 0 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Bureau of Combating Organised Crime.
Persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007-2010
20 18 16 14 12 Females 10 11 Males 8 6 1 2 4 99 2 5 4 0 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Bureau of Combating Organised Crime.
The persons convicted were all Slovak nationals, with the exception of one person from the Czech Republic who was convicted in 2009. Source: Bureau of Combating Organised Crime.
Victims
Detected victims of trafficking in persons, by age and gender, 2008-2010
30
1 25 1
20 10 Unknown age/gender 15 Girls 15 Women 10 Men 17 15
5 9
0 2008 2009 2010
Source: Bureau of Combating Organised Crime.
Detected victims of trafficking in persons, by form of exploitation, 2008-2010
30
25 1 2
20 7 Begging 15 15 Forced labour Sexual exploitation 10 17 17
5 9
0 2008 2009 2010
Source: Bureau of Combating Organised Crime.
Victims trafficked internationally, by country of destination, July 2008 – 2010
United Kingdom, 8 Other Western Europe, 10
Germany, 4
Source: Bureau of Combating Organised Crime.
All victims registered are nationals of Slovakia, some of them trafficked abroad and some exploited domestically.
Source: National Program on the fight against human trafficking for the years 2011-2014.
Additional information
The National Action Plan for 2011-2014 is divided into four chapters, covering the areas of supporting framework, prevention, victim protection and criminal proceedings. Each strategic aim is divided into specific activities, with responsible entities for implementation, deadlines for implementation, allocated resources and performance indicators. The supporting framework contains activities on coordinating the institutions together with the legislative framework on knowledge based oriented approach. The prevention activities include activities on public awareness and education, reducing the vulnerability of population at risk and to discourage traffickers. The victims protection activities includes activities on identification and recovery of the victims, protection of witnesses and reintegration of the victims into the country of origin. The criminal proceeding includes activities about improving detection and investigation on trafficking cases, improving international cooperation with law enforcement agencies abroad, and ensuring adequate and non-discriminatory treatment of victims on the part of all participants of criminal cases.
− Slovenia−
The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Slovenia covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol.
Investigations and suspects
Number of criminal offences relating to trafficking in persons, 2007-2009
40 35 30 25 20 36 15 10 15 5 13 0 2007 2008 2009
Source: Report on the work of the inter-ministerial working group on fight against trafficking in human beings (IWG) in 2009.
Number of criminal offences relating to trafficking in persons dealt with by the public prosecutors’ offices, 2007-2009
40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 8 4 0 2 2007 2008 2009
Source: Report on the work of the inter-ministerial working group on fight against trafficking in human beings (IWG) in 2009.
Victims
Victims of trafficking in persons identified by police, by age, 2007-2009
80
70 3 60
50 Children 40 Adults 65 30 Total
20 28 10 9 0 2007 2008 2009
Source: Report on the work of the inter-ministerial working group on fight against trafficking in human beings (IWG) in 2009.
Victims assisted by CARITAS Slovenia and Association Kljuc, 2008-2009 80
70
60
50 Men Women 40 Children 30 1
20 23 10 1 6 5 0 2008 2009
Source: Report on the work of the inter-ministerial working group on fight against trafficking in human beings (IWG) in 2009.
Victims assisted by CARITAS Slovenia and Association Kljuc, by citizenship, 2008-2009
Others, 3 Unknown, 3 Slovenia, 12
Others West and Central Europe, 6
Ukraine, 9
Source: Report on the work of the inter-ministerial working group on fight against trafficking in human beings (IWG) in 2009.
− Spain −
The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Spain covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol.
Investigations and suspects
Persons indicted for trafficking in persons and related offences, 2008-2010
800 700 600 500 400 300 202 200 147 86 100 0 2008 2009 2010
Source: Ministerio Fiscal.
Persons indicted for trafficking in persons and related offences, by country of citizenship, 2008-2010
Brazil, 18
Romania, 53
Spain, 182
Paraguay, 7
Source: Ministerio Fiscal.
Persons investigated for trafficking in persons and related offences by law enforcement authorities, by gender, 2009-2010
800 700 600 500 301 Females 400 Males 300 21 200 377 293 100 0 2009 2010
Source: Fuerzas y Cuerpos de Seguridad del Estado (Cuerpo Nacional de Policia y Guardia Civil).
Victims
Victims of trafficking in persons recorded by prosecutor, by age, 2008-2010
300
250
200 Adults 150 249 Children 100 176 176
50
0 10 7 2008 2009 2010
Source: Ministerio Fiscal.
Victims of trafficking in persons indentified by law enforcement authorities, by age and gender, 2009-2010
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0 2009 2010 Women 419 1461 Men 20 131 Girls 411 Boys 2
Source: Cuerpo Nacional de Policía y Guardia Civil
Victims of trafficking in persons recorded by prosecutor, by form of exploitation, 2008-2010 Forced labour 300 Sexual exploitation 250 88 200
150 73 82 100 169 50 103 104
0 2008 2009 2010
Source: Ministerio Fiscal.
Number of victims of trafficking in persons recorded by law enforcement authorities, by country of citizenship, 2008-2010
Spain, 132 Others, 327
Dominican Rep. Romania, 452 , 147
Paraguay, 158
China, 123 Colombia, 122 Brazil, 364 Nigeria, 90 Russian Fed., 96
Source: Fuerzas y Cuerpos de Seguridad del Estado (Cuerpo Nacional de Policia y Guardia Civil).
Additional information
The National Action Plan 2009-2012 is Spain’s first integral instrument for combating trafficking in human beings for sexual exploitation. The plan has a duration of 3 years (2009-2012), which is the estimated time for successfully establishing and implementing measures against trafficking in persons. For monitoring purposes, an Inter-ministry coordination group will be created, holding the functions of continuous monitoring and evaluation and especially, of creating an annual report on the situation of trafficking in persons in Spain. The National Action Plan includes five parts: sensitization, prevention and investigation, education victim protection and support, legislation and prosecution, coordination and cooperation. For each of the Parts of the National Action Plan, there are clearly distinguished objectives, actions to reach those and responsibilities.
− Sweden−
The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Sweden covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol.
Investigations and suspects
Persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, by gender, 2008-2011
20 18 2 16 14 6 12 Females 10 8 16 Males 6 10 4 2 5 2 3 0 2008 2009 2010 2011
Source: The Swedish National Council of Crime Prevention.
Persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007-2011
20 18 16 14 12 10 Females 8 Males 6 3 4 2 3 5 2 2 0 1 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Source: The Swedish National Council of Crime Prevention.
Number of persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by citizenship, 2007-2011
African, 3 Unknown, Swedish, 5 1
Central Eastern European, European, 4 3
Source: National database for official crime statistics.
The authorities report that the figure above refers to all forms of trafficking in persons, including accessory offences.
Source: The Swedish National Council of Crime Prevention.
Victims
Victims of trafficking in persons, by age and gender, 2008-2011
120
100 29
80 Unknown 60 29 Children Adults 40 80 16 45 20 7 3 28 11 0 2008 2009 2010 2011
Source: The Swedish National Council of Crime Prevention.
Victims of trafficking in persons, by form of exploitation, 2008-2011
120
100
80 66 Other forms of exploitation 60 Sexual 48 exploitation 40 17
43 20 7 27 26 14 0 2008 2009 2010 2011
Source: The Swedish National Council of Crime Prevention.
Additional information
Sweden’s Action Plan against Prostitution and Human Trafficking for Sexual Purposes was adopted for the period 2008-2010. The plan included activities to achieve greater support and protection for people at risk, better knowledge and increased awareness, higher standards and greater efficiency in the justice system, increased national and international cooperation and a stronger emphasis on preventive work.
− Switzerland−
The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Switzerland covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol.
Investigations and suspects
Persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, by gender, 2009-2010
60
50 13 16 40 Females 30 Males 43 20 37 10 0 2009 2010
Source: Swiss Federal Statistical Office, Police Crime Statistics.
Persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007-2009
60
50
40 Females 30 Males 20
10 3 2 3 5 66 0 2007 2008 2009
Source: Swiss Federal Statistical Office, Police Crime Statistics.
Persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by citizenship, 2007-2009
Others, 1 Swiss, 4
Europeans, 20
Source: Swiss Federal Statistical Office, Police Crime Statistics.
Victims
Victims of trafficking in persons, by age and gender, 2009-2010
50 45 40 35 Women 30 33 Men 25 Girls 20 24 Boys 15 10 6 4 5 37 0 2 2009 2010
Source: Swiss Federal Statistical Office, Police Crime Statistics.
Number of victims of trafficking in persons, by citizenship, 2009-2010
Slovakia, 6 Others - Europe13
Latin Hungary, 40 America, 8 South Asia, 6 Others, 6
Source: Swiss Federal Statistical Office, Police Crime Statistics.
− Tajikistan −
The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Tajikistan covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol.
Investigations and suspects
Persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007-2010
80
70
60
50 43 Females 40 Males 30 23 20 14 11 30 10 15 14 14 0 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Ministry of Interior.
Persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007-2010
80 70 60 50 Females 40 Males 30 20 21 25 10 12 16 10 0 2 1 4 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Ministry of Interior.
Victims
Detected victims of trafficking in persons, by age and gender, 2007-2010
60
50 14 40 Women 12 Men 30 22 Girls 10 Boys 20 7 5 8 10 10 5 11 64 7 4 55 0 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Ministry of Interior.
Number of detected victims of trafficking in persons, by form of exploitation, 2007-2010
Forced Sexual labour, 27 exploitation, 28
Source: Ministry of Interior.
The victims reported were mostly nationals of Tajikistan trafficked internally or abroad. Just one victim was trafficked into Tajikistan from Central Asia during the reporting period. When trafficked abroad, victims were repatriated from the Middle East, and in a few cases from Europe.
Source: Ministry of Interior.
Additional information
In July 2010, the Government of Tajikistan adopted the “Action Plan on Strengthening Fight against Trafficking in Persons in the Republic of Tajikistan for 2010-2011”. The Tajik Government pays special attention to combating labor exploitation, including eliminating the forced labour of children. During 2010, weekly meetings with students and scholars used to be held at higher schools and professional educational institutions to upgrade the level of legal culture of students and preventing them from being engaged in field works. In 2010, workshops on ways to prevent trafficking in persons and raising awareness among women have been held for rural women in the Vahdat and Varzob districts. Two centers in Dushanbe and Khujand were built with financial support from IOM. Another center named “Girls protection agency” was established in Dushanbe for girls, who were victimized through violence, exploitation and trafficking in persons crimes. In June 2010 a State center for rehabilitation and protection of children rights was established in the Sugd region. The staff development of authorities is also in focus. In cooperation with IOM and OSCE, in 2010, about 32 trainings for the staff of prosecutor’s offices, law enforcement agencies were conducted.
− The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia −
The current legislation on trafficking in persons in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol.
Investigations and suspects
Number of persons indicted for trafficking in persons, 2010 – November 2011
7 6 6 5 5 4 3 2 1 2010 Jan-Nov2011
Source: The government of the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia.
According to the authorities, the persons charged are all local citizens.
Source: The government of the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia.
Victims
Number of detected victims, by form of exploitation, 2010 - November 2011
Forced labour, 3
Sexual exploitation , 6 Mixed, 2
Source: The government of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia.
According to the authorities, victims were minors and adults from the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and in one case from Albania.
Source: The government of the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia.
− Turkey −
The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Turkey covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol.
Investigations and suspects
Number of persons prosecuted for Trafficking in Persons, by Gender, 2007-2011
350
300 females 65 71 250 70 males 200
150 243 230 100 183 37 25
50 71 82 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Source: Ministry of Interior, Turkish National Police
Number of persons convicted for Trafficking in Persons, 2007-2011
250 222
200 175 159 150
100 68 47 50
0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Source: Ministry of Interior, Turkish National Police
Victims
Number of victims of Trafficking in Persons, by age and gender, 2007-2011
160
140
120
100 Adult Women 80 134 Adult Men 106 60 99 Children 40 77 56 20 6 2 12 0 8 21 2 5 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Source: Ministry of Interior, Turkish National Police
Number of victims of Trafficking in Persons, by form of exploitation, 2007-2011
Forced labour, 24 Sexual exploitation, 486
Source: Ministry of Interior, Turkish National Police
Number of victims of Trafficking in Persons, by country of citizenship, 2007-2011
Others, 8 Other Europe and Central Asia, 17 Moldavia, 87 Azerbaijan, 48
Ukraine, 24
Russia, 41
Uzbekistan, 96 Kyrgyzstan, 55
Georgia, 33 Turkmenistan, 94
Source: Ministry of Interior, Turkish National Police
− Ukraine−
The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Ukraine covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol.
Investigations and suspects
Cases of trafficking in persons investigated, 2006 – January-September 2010
400
350
300
250
200 376 359 322 150 279 250 100
50
0 2006 2007 2008 2009 Jan-Sept 2010
Source: CTS-Police and Counter-Trafficking Department of Ministry of Interior.
Number of persons convicted of trafficking in persons, 2006-2008
400
350
300 Females
250
200 Males
150
100 46 55 50 37 45 40 22 0 2006 2007 2008
Source: CTS-Courts.
Number of persons convicted at first instance, by citizenship, 2006-2008
Foreigners, 21
Ukrainians, 223
Source: CTS-Courts.
Victims
Victims of trafficking in persons, by age, 2006-2008
450
400 52 350 55 37 300
250 Children 200 341 Adults 150 311 305
100
50
0 2006 2007 2008
Source: CTS-Police.
Victims of trafficking in persons, by gender, 2006-2008
450 Females 400 Males 350
300
250 262 332 245 200
150
100
50 104 97 61 0 2006 2007 2008
Source: CTS-Police.
Victims assisted by IOM Ukraine trafficked abroad for exploitation in Ukraine, by nationality, 2008-2010
Others, 4
Central and Western Uzbekistan, 11 Europe, 3
Others Eastern Europe and Central Asia, 7
Source: IOM.
Victims assisted by IOM Ukraine, by forms of exploitation, 2007-Jan-Sept 2010
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0 2007 2008 2009 Jan-Sept2010 Other 0306 Begging 4 141634 Mixed 33 7 23 25 Forced labour 500 404 337 442 Sexual exploitation 581 392 397 320
Source: IOM.
Victims assisted by IOM Ukraine, by destination, 2007-Jan-Sept 2010
1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 Others 24412 North Africa and Middle East 104 27 27 23 Western and Central Europe 610 405 320 279 Eastern Europe and Central Asia 405 384 422 513
Source: IOM.
− United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland −
The current legislation on trafficking in persons in the United Kingdom covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol.
Investigations and suspects
Persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007-2010
70
60
17 50
40 Females Males 30 34 7 9 44 20
23 10 18 13 0 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Justice Statistics Analytical Services – Ministry of Justice.
Persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007-2010
70
60
50
40 Females Males 30
20 3 8 7 3 10 20 18 16 13 0 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Justice Statistics Analytical Services – Ministry of Justice.
The figures above include numbers referring to the following statutes: Asylum & Immigration (Treatment of Claimants, etc.) Act 2004; and Sexual Offences Act 2003.
Source: Justice Statistics Analytical Services – Ministry of Justice.
Victims
Detected victims of trafficking, by age and gender, April-December 2009 – 2010
800
700 125 600
500 83 Men Women 400 401 Girls 300 318 Boys 200 117 100 88 60 69 0 April-Dec2009 2010
Source: National Referral Mechanism – Database.
Detected victims of trafficking, by form of exploitation, April 2009 – December 2010
Unidentified, 132 Servitude, Sexual 221 exploitation, 540
Forced labour, 368
Source: National Referral Mechanism – Database.
Victims of trafficking, by main nationalities detected, April-December 2009 – 2010
800 Uganda 700 India 28 600 Czech Rep. 72 14 500 Slovakia 29 79 48 Viet Nam 400 37 122 72 United Kingdom 300 (domestic trafficking) 98 China 200 316 Nigeria 100 214 Others
0 April-Dec2009 2010
Source: National Referral Mechanism – Database.
Additional information
The United Kingdom has implemented a National Action Plan for the period 2011-2015. The Plan strategy focused on four key areas: Improved victim care arrangements; enhanced ability to act early, before the harm has reached the United Kingdom; smarter multi-agency action at the border; and better coordination of law enforcement efforts within the United Kingdom. The main aims of the Plan are: To identify victims of trafficking and provide support tailored to the victim’s needs by improving the National Referral Mechanism and implementing a more flexible contracting model in England and Wales to identify and support victims; to deter and disrupt trafficking overseas and make the United Kingdom a less attractive target for criminals by sharing intelligence across boundaries, targeting traffickers before they reach the United Kingdom, and communicating the risks to potential victims; to strengthen border controls and policing to prevent traffickers entering the country; more coordination of law enforcement efforts in the United Kingdom; to strengthen response to traffickers through the creation of the National Crime Agency and the Organised Crime Coordination Centre, leading to better identification of organized criminals and a more coordinated response.
− Uzbekistan−
The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Uzbekistan covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol.
Investigations and suspects
The Interdepartmental Committee to Combat Human Trafficking reports in the first nine months of 2009 about 340 persons were prosecuted for trafficking in persons and related offences. About 40 per cent of them were females, and 60 per cent were men.
Source: Interdepartmental Committee to Combat Human Trafficking.
Victims
Uzbek victims are trafficked mainly for sexual exploitation in the Middle East, Eastern Europe and Central Asia, South-East Asia, South Asia and Central America. Victims trafficked for forced labour are trafficked to Eastern Europe and Central Asia.
Source: Interdepartmental Committee to Combat Human Trafficking.