Lloyd George Irish Treaty
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History In-Service Team, Supporting Leaving Certificate History Later Modern Ireland Judging Dev: a Selection Of
History In-Service Team, Supporting Leaving Certificate History www.hist.ie Later Modern Ireland Judging Dev: a selection of documents, 1913–72 CONTENTS Introduction 2 Biographical notes 3 Glossary 5 Documents used 7 Biographical note on Eamon de Valera 8 1. De Valera the revolutionary: Irish Volunteers and 1916 9 2. De Valera’s mission to the USA, 1919–20 13 3. De Valera and the Anglo–Irish Treaty negotiations, 1921 14 4. De Valera and Fianna Fáil, 1926–7 20 5. 1937 Constitution, comments on the status of women 22 6. 1937 Constitution, comment of John Charles McQuaid 25 7. Economic War, 1932–8 26 8. Neutrality, 1939–45 28 9. De Valera, the statesman, 1948 33 10. De Valera on the Irish language and emigration, 1951 34 11. De Valera on rugby, the GAA, and ‘the ban’, 1957 36 12. De Valera as president, 1959–73 38 13. Cartoons and election posters 42 14. Photographs of de Valera 48 This material is intended for educational, classroom use only, not to be reproduced in any other medium or forum without permission. Every effort has been made to trace, and acknowledge, copyright holders. In the case where a copyright has been inadvertently overlooked, the copyright holders are requested to contact the Publications Office, Royal Irish Academy, 19 Dawson Street, Dublin 2. Tel: 01 6762570 Fax: 01 6762346 email: [email protected] web site: www.ria.ie © 2007 History In-Service Team, Monaghan Education Centre, Monaghan, Co. Monaghan Tel: 047 74008 Fax: 047 74029 email: [email protected] web site: www.hist.ie Introduction De Valera is the most prominent personality in twentieth-century Irish history, with a career stretching over six decades. -
Papers of George Gavan Duffy
Private Sources at the National Archives Papers of George Gavan Duffy 1882–1951 1125 1 George Gavan Duffy 1882–1951 ACCESSION NO. 1125 DESCRIPTION Correspondence, secret memoranda and reports received by George Gavan Duffy at the Delegation of elected representatives of the Irish Republic while in Paris and Rome. 1918–1921 Correspondence and reports received by, and sent by George Gavan Duffy, Berlin, Paris and Rome (1918) 1919–1921 (1922) Draft of 1922 Constitution with emendations. DATE OF ACCESSION September 1982 November 1984 PROVENANCE Colm Gavan Duffy ACCESS Open 2 This collection was received in three parts which accounts for three fronting pages within this list. The three parts have kept separate and no attempt has been made to move items from one section to another. This collection of personal papers is of paramount importance for those wishing to understand political development s within Ireland and concerning Ireland from the periods 1918–1922. 3 ACCESSION NO. 1125 DESCRIPTION Correspondence, secret memoranda and reports received by George Gavan Duffy at the Delegation of elected representatives of the Irish Republic while in Paris and Rome. 1918–1921 DATE OF ACCESSION September 1982 PROVENANCE Colm Gavan Duffy ACCESS Open 4 This collection was presented to the Public Record Office in two ring binders. As no order, other than a rough chronological one, was apparent within the binders the material was separated and placed in new classifications. This has ensured that, as far as is possible, incomplete letters separated within the binders have now been joined together. For this reason it was impossible to believe that the order was original or the work of George Gavan Duffy himself. -
Bibliography
BIbLIOGRApHY PRIMARY SOURCEs: ARCHIVAL COLLECTIONS BODLEIAN LIbRARY, OXFORD H. H. Asquith BRITIsH LIbRARY Walter Long CLAYDON EsTATE, BUCKINGHAMsHIRE Harry Verney IRIsH MILITARY ARCHIVEs Bureau of Military History Contemporary Documents Bureau of Military History Witness Statements (http://www.bureauofmilitaryhis- tory.ie) Michael Collins George Gavan Duffy © The Author(s) 2019 305 M. C. Rast, Shaping Ireland’s Independence, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21118-9 306 BIblIOgraPhY NATIONAL ARCHIVEs OF IRELAND Dáil Éireann Debates (http://oireachtas.ie) Dáil Éireann Documents Department of the Taoiseach Documents on Irish Foreign Policy (printed and http://www.difp.ie) NATIONAL LIbRARY OF IRELAND G. F. Berkeley Joseph Brennan Bryce Erskine Childers George Gavan Duffy T. P. Gill J. J. Hearn Thomas Johnson Shane Leslie Monteagle Maurice Moore Kathleen Napoli McKenna Art Ó Briain William O’Brien (AFIL) J. J. O’Connell Florence O’Donoghue Eoin O’Duffy Horace Plunkett John Redmond Austin Stack NEW YORK PUbLIC LIbRARY Horace Plunkett, The Irish Convention: Confidential Report to His Majesty the King by the Chairman (1918). PUbLIC RECORD OFFICE NORTHERN IRELAND J. B. Armour J. Milne Barbour Edward Carson Craigavon (James Craig) BIblIOgraPhY 307 Adam Duffin Frederick Crawford H. A. Gwynne Irish Unionist Alliance Theresa, Lady Londonderry Hugh de Fellenberg Montgomery Northern Ireland Cabinet Ulster Unionist Council Unionist Anti-Partition League Lillian Spender Wilfrid B. Spender The Stormont Papers: Northern Ireland Parliamentary Debates (http://stor- -
ESB HALO LAUNCH Energy Solutions Page 12
issn no. 0790-7508 The newspaper for Dec 2010 / Jan 2011 www.esb.ie/em ESB HALO LAUNCH EneRGY soluTIons PAGE 12 ESBI wins Chief Executive Christmas Engineers message Ireland CPD neWS, page 03 Company of the Year Award 8ESBI was recently announced winner of the Large Company Category Bring the Light NEWS Award at the Engineers page 09 Ireland CPD Company of the Year Awards 2010 THE AWARD, which was pre- sented to ESBI by the Tánaiste and Minister for Education and Skills, Mary Coughlan TD, rec- ognises ESBI’s work in design- i n g a nd i mple me nt i n g t he P r o je c t Delivery Model (PDM) for large- Women in scale capital projects and the creation of a permanent Project Engineering Management Office (PMO) to ESBI support the ongoing develop- page 21 ment and improvement of the methodology. As part of this process, ESBI undertook an organisation-wide initiative to improve the effi- ciency and effectiveness of the delivery of large-scale capital projects in ESB. The initiative, which was informed by a strate- gic review of major capital projects previously undertaken by ESB, drew extensively on a range of CPD methodologies to instil a sustainable and consist- ent approach to project manage- In this issue ment which will ultimately sup- port the realisation of ESB’s n News ..........................02 strategic objectives and meet n Energy Solutions ..............12 the challenges of a rapidly n ESB Networks Ltd ............16 changing energy sector. n ESB Energy International .....19 A HAPPY AND PEACEFUL CHRISTMAS TO ALL n Health & Habitat -
ROINN COSANTA. BUREAU of MILITARY HISTORY, 1913-21. STATEMENT by WITNESS DOCUMENT NO. W.S. 797 Witness Micheal O Laoghanire Shan
ROINN COSANTA. BUREAU OF MILITARY HISTORY, 1913-21. STATEMENT BY WITNESS DOCUMENT NO. W.S. 797 Witness Micheal O Laoghanire Shandrum; 51 Giffith Dublin. Ave., Identity. Member of 1908 I.R.B. Liverpool, - ; Member of Irish 1913 Volunteers, Kildare - ; Quartermaster South Kerry Battalion Irish Vol's. Captain and - Liverpool Bootle Coy. I.R.A. 1919 . Subject. (a) I.R.B. Liverpool, 1908 - ; (b) Organisation of Irish Volunteers, Ireland - l913 - general, . I.R.A. 1919 -. (c) Liverpool, Conditions, if any, Stipulated by Witness. Nil File No. S.2024 Form B.S.M.2 STATEMENT OF MICHEÁL Ó LAOGHAIBE, Shandrum, 51 Griffith Avenue, Dublin. I became associated with Sinn Féin at its inception in October, 1905, in Sligo. I went to Liverpool in 1907. Then I became directly associated with the physical force movement, the I.R.B., in February 1908. The Centre was Liverpool and the man in charge at that time was Dan McCarthy. I attended all the meetings. The membership was roughly about 20, that is, taking in Bootle and Liverpool combined. Included in this number were a few men who had been associated with the '67 movement. One man I would like to mention in particular was the late James Murphy who marched on Chester Castle in the Rising of '67. We had also visiting us there during that period O'Donovan Rossa, O'Meara and Condon. The activities at that time were mainly concerned with the holding of meetings. One incident that I would like to record was when, on the death of King Edward VII, the United Irish League flew the Irish flag at half-mast. -
Introduction to the Origins of the Irish Constitution
origins of the irish constitution ch1-6:Layout 1 16/01/2012 17:59 Page 1 Introduction The Constitution of the Irish Free State1 entered into force on December 6, 1922 after six turbulent years that saw rebellion against British rule, the success of the Sinn Féin party at the 1918 general election, the War of Independence, the partition of the island of Ireland and, ultimately, the Anglo-Irish Treaty of December 1921. The 1921 Treaty had provided for the establishment of the Irish Free State, with Dominion status within the emerging British Commonwealth. While the new state was to be internally sovereign within its borders, its external sovereignty was, at least theoretically, compromised by the uncertainties associated with Dominion status. Yet, within a space of fifteen years, that Constitution was itself replaced following years of political and constitutional turmoil and debate, a process which accelerated following the accession of de Valera to power in March 1932. A new state thus emerged whose external sovereignty was now put beyond question. The Treaty had contained provisions which were decidedly unpalatable so far as nationalist opinion was concerned: the British side had insisted on a number of essentially symbolic constraints on Irish sovereignty which, with hindsight, can fairly be described as a faint endeavour on their part to camouflage the extent to which a new independent State was being created. At the time, however, the British side certainly considered these to be real constraints which squarely confined the Irish Free State within the existing parameters of the prevailing Imperial/Commonwealth constitutional theory. -
The Government's Executions Policy During the Irish Civil
THE GOVERNMENT’S EXECUTIONS POLICY DURING THE IRISH CIVIL WAR 1922 – 1923 by Breen Timothy Murphy, B.A. THESIS FOR THE DEGREE OF PH.D. DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND MAYNOOTH HEAD OF DEPARTMENT: Professor Marian Lyons Supervisor of Research: Dr. Ian Speller October 2010 i DEDICATION To my Grandparents, John and Teresa Blake. ii CONTENTS Page No. Title page i Dedication ii Contents iii Acknowledgements iv List of Abbreviations vi Introduction 1 Chapter 1: The ‗greatest calamity that could befall a country‘ 23 Chapter 2: Emergency Powers: The 1922 Public Safety Resolution 62 Chapter 3: A ‗Damned Englishman‘: The execution of Erskine Childers 95 Chapter 4: ‗Terror Meets Terror‘: Assassination and Executions 126 Chapter 5: ‗executions in every County‘: The decentralisation of public safety 163 Chapter 6: ‗The serious situation which the Executions have created‘ 202 Chapter 7: ‗Extraordinary Graveyard Scenes‘: The 1924 reinterments 244 Conclusion 278 Appendices 299 Bibliography 323 iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to extend my most sincere thanks to many people who provided much needed encouragement during the writing of this thesis, and to those who helped me in my research and in the preparation of this study. In particular, I am indebted to my supervisor Dr. Ian Speller who guided me and made many welcome suggestions which led to a better presentation and a more disciplined approach. I would also like to offer my appreciation to Professor R. V. Comerford, former Head of the History Department at NUI Maynooth, for providing essential advice and direction. Furthermore, I would like to thank Professor Colm Lennon, Professor Jacqueline Hill and Professor Marian Lyons, Head of the History Department at NUI Maynooth, for offering their time and help. -
Roinn Cosanta. Bureau of Military History, 1913-21
ROINN COSANTA. BUREAU OF MILITARY HISTORY, 1913-21 STATEMENT BY WITNESS DOCUMENT NO. W.S 381 Witness The Hon. George Gavan Duffy, 81 Bushy Park Road, Terenure, Dublin. Identity Irish Envoy in Italy and France 1920-1921; Signatory of the Anglo-Irish Treaty 6/l2/1921. Subject (a) Copy of "Lecture on Sir Roger Casement". (b) Covering letter from Hon. George G. Duffy. Conditions. it any, slipulated by Witness Nil File No. Form B.S.M.2 • llATERIAL COI.LZCil'ED 0Y BUl!EAU RF.GARDINU ROGI:R CA~:,:&NT. A, Personal Statements of Evidence. B. Contemporary Doouruents. c. Pross Cuttin~s made <.luring the lite t ii.., ot the Bureau. n. Notes on tiles relating to persons who have not g1 ven evidenoe, ""r:.: Material Collected by Bureau regarding Roger Casement. • PERSONAL STATEMF.NTS OF EVIDENCE, w.s. 4 Diarmuid Lynah Distribution in 1915 of a pamphlet containitll( the texts of a series or articles written anonymously by Roger i.t BOLue years earlier and p·~. :i.. in The Gaelio American, New Yo1°.K., and later in Irish Freedom. w. S, 85 - Bulmer Hobson Roger Casement, 1904-1914. w.s. 86 - Bulmer Hobson Comment on R. Monteith1 s t•caeeruent' s Last Ali venture". [w. S, 117 - Maurioe Moriarty - Landing ot' Casement, Monte! th do Bailey, l·a-.:t. ~ f. w.:. ... 7, Banna, Oo, Kerry, 191~, W,S, 123 - William Mullins - S~ s. "Aud" and Roger Casement. w.s, 126 - Jack McGaley Arrest of Casement and Bailey, Holy \;eek, 1916, w,s. 168 - Joseph Melinn Landing ot' Oasea~nt and Monteith, Easter, 1916. -
The Irish Civil War by Zoe Darling General Facts
The Irish Civil War By Zoe Darling General Facts ∘ The Anglo-Irish Treaty signed off on the 6th of December 1921 ∘ The war lasted 10 months, 3 weeks and 5 days ∘ The Anglo-Irish Treaty won the war The Four Courts ∘ The four courts are along the quayside of the River Liffey ∘ The building was run by Anti-Treaty forces during the Irish Civil War ∘ The Anglo-Irish Treaty bombarded the four courts during the Civil War, the building was badly damaged but was fully repaired after the war ∘ The four courts opened in 1802 Treatys ∘ The 2 sides of the War were Anglo-Irish Treaty and Anti-Treaty ∘ The people who wanted to keep the 26 countys as they were, were the anglo-Irish treatys and the people who wanted to get all 32 countys were the anti treatys Anglo-Irish Treaty = English-Irish (26) Anti Treaty = against (32) ∘ Michael Collins was one of the leaders for the anglo-Irish treaty Treaty Facts ∘ There were around 55,000 people in the Anglo-Irish Treaty and around 15,000 people in the Anti Treaty ∘ There were around 800 Anglo-Irish Treaty people killed ∘ There were 1,000 - 3,000 Anti-Treaty people killed and 12,000 taken prisoner Treaty commanders Anti Treaty Anglo-Irish Treaty Eamon de Valera Michael Collins Liam Lynch Richard Mulcahy Frank Aiken W.T Cosgrave Fact: Kevin O’Higgins ∘ Arthur Griffith helped produce the Anglo Irish Treaty. The Article of Agreement ∘ David Lloyd George, Lord Birkenhead, Austen Chamberlain Wiston Churchill, Sir Laming Worthington-Evans, BT, Sir Gordon Hewart, Sir Hamar Greenwood ∘ Arthur Griffith, Michael Collins, Robert Barton, Eamonn Duggan, George Gavan Duffy The lead-up to the civil war ∘ The war started on June 28, 1922 and ended on May 24, 1923 ∘ The war was said to officially start when the four courts were bombarded. -
An Bille Um Lá Na Faisnéise Neamhspleáchais, 2017
___________ An Bille um Lá na Faisnéise Neamhspleáchais, 2017 Declaration of Independence Day Bill 2017 ___________ Meabhrán Mínitheach Explanatory Memorandum ___________ ____________ AN BILLE UM LÁ NA FAISNÉISE NEAMHSPLEÁCHAIS, 2017 DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE DAY BILL 2017 ____________ EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM ____________ Purpose of Bill This Bill formally introduces a “Declaration of Independence Day” in Ireland ensuing that it is formally recognised on the 21st Day of January each year. The first Dáil met in the Round Room of the Mansion House in Dublin on 21 January 1919, at which the Dáil asserted the exclusive right of the elected representatives of the Irish people to legislate for the country. During the meeting, the elected members present adopted a Provisional Constitution and approved a Declaration of Independence. Dáil Éireann, a new national Parliament for the Irish nation ratified and gave democratic legitimacy to the Proclamation of Independence proclaimed at Easter 1916. Cathal Brugha T.D. was nominated as Ceann Comhairle who then read the Declaration of Independence (Faísnéis Neamhspleádhchuis) in Irish. It was then read in French by George Gavan Duffy T.D. and finally in English by Edmund Duggan T.D. In addition on that day, the Dáil also approved a Democratic Programme, based on the 1916 Proclamation of the Irish Republic, and read and adopted a Message to the Free Nations of the World, also in Irish, English and French. The following day, 22nd January 1919, a private sitting was held of Dáil Éireann which elected Seán T. O'Kelly T.D. as Ceann Comhairle and Cathal Brugha T.D. as President of the Ministry. -
Roger Casement, His Head Now Becoming Crowned by the Vertical Swans
EXHIBITION GUIDE: ARTWORKS PLEASE RETURN TO HOLDER WHEN YOU HAVE FINISHED Gallery 13 Hall Gallery 13 (artworks left to right) Gallery 12 (artworks left to right) LEO BROE b. Dublin 1899 – d. 1966 PATRICK PEARSE 1932 Marble, 46 x 41 x 10.5 cm Presented by Aonac na Nodlag for Thomas Kelly T.C., T.D., 1933. Collection Dublin City Gallery The Hugh Lane. Reg. 701 Like Patrick Pearse (1879-1916), Leo Broe was a member of the Irish Volunteers which was formed in 1913. Much of his oeuvre consists of ecclesiastical work and monuments to Irish republicans which are located throughout the country. Patrick Pearse’s father James was a sculptor who had come to Ireland from England to work. Pearse studied law and while called to the Bar, never practiced. He was deeply interested in the Irish language and became the editor of An Claidheamh Soluis (The Sword of Light), the newspaper of The Gaelic League. While initially a cultural nationalist, Pearse’s views became increasingly more inclined towards physical force republicanism and social revolution. The 1913 Lockout had a significant impact on his thinking and Pearse wrote an economic critique of British rule, citing the high rent paid by those living in dire tenement conditions in Dublin in contrast to those living in cities in Britain. In this he found common ground with James Connolly who three years later, on 24 April 1916, was Commandant of the Dublin Brigade during the Easter Rising. Of the Lockout and the role of James Larkin, Patrick Pearse said: ‘I do not know whether the methods of Mr James Larkin are wise methods or unwise methods (unwise, I think, in some respects), but this I know, that here is a most hideous wrong to be righted, and that the man who attempts honestly to right it is a good man and a brave man.’ GALLERY 13 ELIZABETH MAGILL b. -
Kildare War of Independence Timeline
A Timeline of the War of Independence in County Kildare, 1919-1922 A Timeline of the War of Independence in County Kildare, 1919-1922 Mario Corrigan, James Durney, Kevin O Kelly with Kevin Murphy and Karel Kiely A Timeline of the War of Independence in County Kildare, 1919-1922 Mario Corrigan, James Durney, Kevin O Kelly with Kevin Murphy and Karel Kiely © Kildare Local Studies, Genealogy and Archives Department, Kildare Library Services, 2021 This booklet is published as part of the Co. Kildare Decade of Commemorations Programme for 2021. It is supported by the Department of Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media under the Decade of Centenaries 2021-2023 initiative. An Roinn Turasóireachta, Cultúir, Ealaíon, Gaeltachta, Spóirt agus Meán Department of Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including downloading, photocopying or recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. The photographs remain the property of the photographers, owners and Kildare Library Services respectively. @kildaredecadeofcommemorations Web: www.kildare.ie/ehistory @cilldara2016 Cover Photo: Burning of Connaught Lodge 1922 Courtesy of Frank Goodwin and Cill Dara Historical Society Rear: Postcards: Hare Park, Naas Barracks, Newbridge Barracks, Kildare Barracks, Curragh Camp and Rath Camp Courtesy of Local Studies, Genealogy and Archives Dept., Kildare Library Services. Flag: Mario Corrigan Printed in Ireland Naas Printing Ltd., Naas, Co. Kildare Tel: (045) 872092 Email: [email protected] 2021. Dedication To all those who sacrificed so much so that we might have a better life Glossary Adjt.