Lernen von Charles Joseph Minard: Neue Wege zur Abbildung von Zeit
• Die Karte und Minard • Zeit Lernen von Charles Joseph Minard: Neue Wege zur • Alternativen Abbildung von Zeit • Neue Ideen
Menno-Jan Kraak
Faculty of Geoinformation Science and Earth Observation
Minard’s map of Napoleon’s Russian Campaign Minard’s map Minard’s map Library Lasage - Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées
Atlas to Alison's history of Europe constructed and arranged, under the direction of Mr. Alison Johnston, A. K. 1848 Map of the Berezina - Closing the Trap in Russia, 1812 Tableaux figuratifs de la circulation de quelques chemins de Victory Point Games fer (1844) Carte figurative et approximative des quantités de céréales Carte figurative et approximative des poids des bestiaux qui ont circulé en 1853 sur les voies d'eau et de fer de venus á Paris sur les chemins de fer en 1862 (1864) l'Empire français (1858)
Carte figurative et approximative du mouvement des combustibles Carte figurative et approximative des quantités de coton brut minéraux sur les voies d'eau et de fer de l'Empire français importées en europe en 1858, en 1864 et en 1865 (1866) pendant l'année 1859 (1862) Kinds of time Worldtime and display time
dec 1812 oct 2001 aug 2012 mar 2002apr 2004
observation time reporting time world time June July August September October November December
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
display time
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
historical time excavation time visit time world time June July August September October November December
02 03 07 13 15 20 22 23 25
02 03 07 13 15 20 22 23 25
display time
02 03 07 13 15 20 22 23 25
Minard’s map and time Question and time At work with spatio-temporal data: Temporal actions coordinated multiple views
The Map, 1869 Map time
24 June 6 Dec 1812 1812
a) 17 aug 1812
6 Dec 24 June 1812 1812
17 aug 1812 b)
17AUG1812 c)
MJ 5-39 a) Time and geography June July August September October November December Summer and winter time
Nieman Wilna Vitebsk Smolensk Borodino Moscow Malojaroslavetz Krasnoi Berezina
June July August September October November December
b) From time to geography June July August September October November December
Moscow
Vitebsk Wilna
c) From geography to time June July August September October November December
Nieman Wilna Vitebsk Smolensk Borodino Moscow Malojaroslavetz Krasnoi Berezina
Atlas to Alison's history of Europe constructed and arranged, under the direction of Mr. Alison The new Cambridge modern history - volume XIV Atlas Johnston, A. K. 1848 Darby, H.C. & Fullard, H. (1970), Cambridge : Cambridge University Press Historical MilitaryAtlas of Russia IX-XX centuries Historischer Schulatlas Maksimov, I.I. Moskva: Publishing DIK, LLC "Drofa" 2003 Putzger, F. W. (1918) Bielefeld: Velhagen und Klassing]
A military history and atlas of the Napoleontic wars Dorling Kindersley Atlas of world History Esposito, V.J. and J.R. Elting (1999) London: Green Hill Books Black, J. (1999) London: Dorling Kindersley Minard’s map in the style of the London Underground map If only Napoleon had Omniplan: Minard’s map as ‘Gantt chart’ http://www.dnash.org/et/napoleon-metro.jpg Omnigroup
Dura Task tion October, `12 November, `12 December, `12 January, `13 1) To Moscow, miles 0-50 1w 5h Napoleon Main Force; Split Force #2; Split Force #1 2) Force #1 split 10/8/12 2:30 PM 3) Split Force #1 lingers 8w 3d Split Force #1 {60% of 100%} 4) To Moscow 3d 3h Napoleon Main Force; Split Force #2 5) Force #2 split 10/12/12 9:30 AM 6) Split Force #2 marches, loses 1/2 6w Split Force #2 {50% of 100%} 7) Marching, losing 3/4 of the force. 4d Napoleon Main Force {80% of 100%} 8) Arive in Moscow, battle, turn around. 10/18/12 2:00 PM 9) Retreat from Moscow 5w Napoleon Main Force 10) -14C, rejoins Split Force #2 11/23/12 2:30 PM 11) March to meet Split Force #1 1w 4d Napoleon Main Force 12) -33C rejoins Split Force #1 12/7/12 1:30 PM 13) Downfall March 4d Napoleon Main Force {1% of 100%} 14) Home 12/14/12 11:30 AM
Russian perspective Napoleon’s army Movements of the Grand Armee Napoleon’s armies
B A L T I C S E A
Dwina Moskva
Niemen
P r u s s i a
Berezina
Napoleon's Campaign in Russia Dnjepr Imperial Guard 5000 I Corps Pripet II Corps P o l a n d 10000 III Corps IV Corps 25000 V Corps R u s s i a VI Corps 50000 VII Corps VIII Corps 100000 IX Corps X Corps A u s t r i a XI Corps
MJ 5-16
3D view Minard & Google Earth
Moscow
Berezina Space time cube Space-Time cube
A
C
B
B A C
Space and time 4th Corps The composition of the army Time cartogram
14 15 10 11 12 13 9 What about stops? 4 5 6 7 8 Present versus explore 1 2 3
III
2 date location name troops battle losses 24 jun 1812 54 54 00 23 54 00 Kowno 40065 2 3 28 jun 1012 55 14 55 24 45 54 Wilkomiz 38000 x 1500 13 jul 1812 55 53 00 26 32 00 Dunaburg 32000 16 jul 1812 55 46 02 27 56 48 Swolna 24000 26 jul 1812 55 29 09 28 46 32 Polotsk 22000 31 jul 1812 55 44 59 28 37 03 Jukabowo 20000 x 4900 10 aug 1812 55 46 02 27 56 48 Swolna 19000 x 2500 18 aug 1812 55 29 09 28 46 32 PolotskPolotzk 14000 x 4000 18 oct 1812 55 29 09 28 46 32 PolotskPolotzk 18000 x 4000 Begin of September 22 oct 1812 54 52 53 28 41 35 Lepel 14000 information 22 oct 1812 54 52 53 28 41 35 Lepel 14000 17 nov 1812 54 33 08 29 06 58 Tscheria 8000 17 nov 1812 54 33 08 29 06 58 Tscheria 8000 23 bov 1812 54 13 52 28 30 17 Borisov 7000 23 bov 1812 54 13 52 28 30 17 Borisov 7000 24 nov 1812 54 19 38 28 21 25 Studienka 4500 x 2500 24 nov 1812 54 19 38 28 21 25 Studianka 4500 x 2500 MAP IV 3 dec 1812 54 19 07 26 51 28 Molodetschno 4200 13 14 15 53 dec 1812 54 2819 5507 26 2451 0128 SmorgoniMolodescno 40004200 12 5 dec 1812 54 28 55 26 24 01 Smorgoni 4000 11 8 dec 1812 54 41 21 25 16 47 Wilna 3800 Moscow 8 dec 1812 54 41 21 25 16 47 Wilna 3800 8 12 dec 1812 54 54 00 23 54 00 Kowno 3600 4 12 dec 1812 54 54 00 23 54 00 Kowno 3600 Present 1 Borodino
Malojaroslavitz 0 125 km
Begin of September VI date location name troops battle losses The II Corps R. Dwina 24 jun 1812 54 54 00 23 54 00 Kowno 40065 0 50km TIME CARTOGRAM date28 jun 1012location55 14 55 24 45 54 nameWilkomiz troops 38000battle x losses 1500 24 jun13 1812 jul 181254 5455 00 53 0023 5426 00 32Kowno 00 Dunaburg 4006532000 Jul 13 Aug 10 13 14 15 date28 jun16 1012 jul 1812location55 1455 55 46 0224 4527 54 56Wilkomiz 48nameSwolna troops3800024000battlex losses1500 Dunaburg Jukubowo 11 12 5-7 sept Swolna Jul 31 24 jun13 jul181226 1812 jul 181254 5554 530055 00 2923 09 2654 320028 00 Kowno46Dunaburg 32 Polotsk 400653200022000 28 jun 1012 55 14 55 24 45 54 Wilkomiz 38000 x 1500 Jul 16 2-3 sept 28 jun16 jul101231 1812 jul 181255 5514 465555 02 4424 59 2745 565428 48 Wilkomiz37Swolna 03 Jukabowo 380002400020000x x 1500 4900 Jun 28 Polotzk Aug 18 8 13 26jul 10jul1812 1812aug 181255 5553 290055 09 4626 02 2832 460027 32 Dunaburg56Polotsk 48 Swolna 320002200019000 x 2500 Wilkomirz Jul 26 Oct 18 4 16 31jul 18jul1812 1812aug 181255 5546 440255 59 2927 09 2856 374828 03 Swolna46Jukabowo 32 Polotsk 240002000014000x x 49004000 2610 jul aug 181218 1812 oct 181255 5529 460955 02 2928 09 2746 563228 48 Polotsk46Swolna 32 Polotsk 220001900018000x x 25004000 R. Dwina The II Corps Jun 24 R. Wilna Lepel 31 jul 181222 oct 181255 44 5954 5228 53 37 0328 Jukabowo41 35 Lepel 20000 14000x 4900 3118 jul aug 1812 1812 55 5544 2959 09 28 2837 4603 32JukabowoPolotsk 2000014000 x x 49004000 KownoDec 12 Oct 22 10 aug 1812 55 46 02 27 56 48 Swolna 19000 x 2500 9-10 sept 10 aug18 oct 171812 1812nov 181255 5546 290254 09 3327 08 2856 464829 32 Swolna06Polotsk 58 Tscheria 19000180008000x x 25004000 Wilna Smorgoni Nov 24 R. Dnjepr 18 aug 1812 55 29 09 28 46 32 Polotsk 14000 x 4000 1 18 aug22 oct 231812 1812bov 181255 5429 520954 53 1328 52 2846 413228 35 Polotzk30Lepel 17 Borisov 14000140007000x 4000 Jul 13 Dec 8 Dec 5 Studianka Tschereia 18 oct 1812 55 29 09 28 46 32 Polotsk 18000 x 4000 Nov 17 1817 oct nov 241812 1812nov 181255 5429 330954 08 1928 38 2946 063228 58 Polotzk21Tscheria 25 Studienka 1800080004500x x 4000 2500 Dunaburg Aug 10 22 oct 1812 54 52 53 28 41 35 Lepel 14000 Swolna Jukubowo Molodetcno Borisov 2223 oct bov 18123 1812dec 181254 5452 135354 52 1928 07 2841 303526 17 Lepel51Borisov 28 Molodetschno1400070004200 Jul 31 Dec 3 Nov 23 knowlegde 17 24nov nov 18125 1812dec 181254 5433 190854 38 2829 55 2806 215826 25 Tscheria24Studienka 01 Smorgoni 800045004000x 2500 Jul 16 Minsk 17 nov 1812 54 33 08 29 06 58 Tscheria 8000 Jun 28 Aug 18 23 bov3 dec 18128 1812dec 181254 5413 195254 07 4128 21 2630 511725 28 Borisov16Molodetschno 47 Wilna 700042003800 R. Niemen R. Berezina 23 bov 1812 54 13 52 28 30 17 Borisov 7000 Wilkomirz Polotzk Oct 18 24 nov5 dec 121812 1812dec 181254 5419 283854 55 5428 00 2621 242523 01 Studienka54Smorgoni 00 Kowno 450040003600x 2500 Jul 26 24 nov 1812 54 19 38 28 21 25 Studianka 4500 x 2500 3 dec8 dec 1812 1812 54 5419 4107 21 26 2551 1628 47MolodetschnoWilna 42003800 3 dec 1812 54 19 07 26 51 28 Molodescno 4200 5 12dec dec 1812 1812 54 5428 5455 00 26 2324 5401 00SmorgoniKowno 40003600 Jun 24 0 3 days 5 dec 1812 54 28 55 26 24 01 Smorgoni 4000 R. Wilna Lepel 8 dec 1812 54 41 21 25 16 47 Wilna 3800 Dec 12 Oct 22 128 dec 1812 54 5441 0021 2325 5416 0047 KownoWilna 36003800 Kowno 12 dec 1812 54 54 00 23 54 00 Kowno 3600 Wilna Smorgoni Nov 24 R. Dnjepr V Dec 8 Dec 5 Studianka Tschereia Nov 17 Molodetcno Borisov Dec 3 Nov 23 Minsk
R. Niemen R. Berezina Number of troop II Corps Jukubowo Wilkomirz Swolna Polotzk Polotzk Studianka
Kowno 40.000 Dunaburg -1500 30.000
20.000 -4900 -2500 -4000 Lepel 10.000 -4000 Tscheria -2500 Wilna July Aug Sept Oct Nov
VII Explore User Historian Geovisual analytics Problems Understand failure of enviroment campaign Soldiers and battles
When did the invasion turn bad? Borodino Questions 0 Did Napoleon lose all -10 -20 battles? -30 2. Krasnoi Berezina
User tasks Identify, select, data compare, find, etc June July August September October November December
modelling / geocomputation I Major battles during Napoleon's Dwin Russian CampaignMosk a va visualization Polotzk III First Second Niem 1 mapping 2 battle of Polotzk battle of Polotzk representations en environment P r u s s i a Franco-Bavarian victory (St. Cyr) Franco-Bavarian victory (St. Cyr) over Russians (Wittgenstein) over Russians (Wittgenstein)
Berez Forces Franco-Bavarian Russians Forces Franco-Bavarian Russians ina Infantry 30,000 18,500 Infantry 23,000 27,000 Cavalry 4,000 3,500 Cavalry 4,000 5,000 Dnje total 36,000 22,000 total 27,000 32,000 pr R u s s i a Pripe Losses Losses P o l a n d total 6,000 6,000 Death/wounded 6,000 10,000 t PoW 2,000 2,000 total 8,000 12,000
Russian victory French victory design A u s t r i a visualization strategies guidelines II June July August September October November December
Eckau MohilevOstrownoKobrinJakubovo SwolnaGorodeczna1. Krasnoi1. PolotzkSmolenskWalutino-GoraDahlenkirchen SchewardinoBorodinoMosjaisk Winkowo2. PolotzkMalojaroslavetzTschaschnikiWizma LjachowoNowo-SwerschenSmoljantziWolkowiskKaidanowo2. KrasnoiBorisovBorisovBerezina
Soldiers and battles Battles and space
troops involved 250.000
200.000 MJ 5-25 B A L T I C Major battles during Napoleon's 150.000 S E A Riga Russian Campaign Moskva 100.000 Dahlenkirchen Dwina 200 km Eckau 50.000 Jakubovo
0 Swolna Polotzk Moscow June July August September October November December Schewardino Mojaisk Smolensk Wizma Eckau MohilevOstrownoKobrinJakubovo SwolnaGorodeczna1. Krasnoi1. PolotzkSmolenskWalutino-GoraDahlenkirchen SchewardinoBorodinoMosjaisk Winkowo2. PolotzkMalojaroslavetzTschaschnikiWizma LjachowoNowo-SwerschenSmoljantziWolkowiskKaidanowo2. KrasnoiBorisovBorisovBerezina Niemen Kowno Walutino- Winkowo Russian victory Ostrowno Tschaschniki Gora French victory Smoljantzi Ljachowo Malojaroslavetz Berezina Borodino P r u s s i a Nowo- Swerschen Kaidanowo Berezina Moghilev Krasnoi Wolkowisk Borisov R u s s i a 125.000 number of number of Gorodeczna Dnjepr 100.000 troops troops P o l a n d Kobrin losses Pripet French Russian 50.000 35.000 total 5.000 1.000
June July August September October November December
MoghilevOstrownoKobrinJakubovo Swolna Polotzk AEckau u s t r i a GorodecznaKrasnoiPolotzkSmolenskWalutino-GoraDahlenkirchen SchewardinoBorodinoMojaisk Winkowo MalojaroslavetzTschaschnikiWizma LjachowoNowo-SwerschenSmoljantziWolkowiskKaidanowoKrasnoiBorisovBorisovBerezina
a) I II temporal order of battles attribute order of battles Battles and time Exploring the Berezina crossing
Artillery Bridge Infantry Bridge
November 26 November 27 November 28 Berezina 00:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 Time
Krasnoi Imperial November first river Polish Imperial II Corps III & V Corps Napoleon Guard I & IV Corps IX Corps crossing Lancers Guard old young
October October Number 8350 4300 5945 2225 2475 13250 Borodino of troops
Borodino September Smolensk September a)
Smolensk b)
August August
July July Size of the French army estimates by:
Chambray Wilson Fain Gourgaud
A. II Corps 7000 7800 9300 8350 B. III & V Corps 3000 3400 5400 5400
C. Imperial Guard (old) 4900 5500 4880 5945 D. Imperial Guard (young) 1500 3000 2200 2200 E. I & IV Corps 2400 3100 2200 2200 November 27 - 13:00 F. IX Corps 18800 13200 10000 11000 A B C D E F
Temporal data analysis Minard’s data analysis