DOCSLIB.ORG

UNIVERSITY of LONDON THESIS This Thesis Comes Within Category D

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

REFERENCE ONLY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON THESIS Degree ^V\v& Year Name of Author \0~i4* COPYRIGHT This is a thesis accepted for a Higher Degree of the University of London. It is an unpublished typescript and the copyright is held by the author. All persons consulting the thesis must read and abide bythe Copyright Declaration below. COPYRIGHT DECLARATION I recognise that the copyright of the above-described thesis rests with the author and that no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without the prior written consent of the author. LOANS Theses may not be lent to individuals, but the Senate House Library may lend a copy to approved libraries within the United Kingdom, for consultation solely on the premises of those libraries. Application should be made to; Inter-Library Loans, Senate House Library, Senate House, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HU. REPRODUCTION University of London theses may not be reproduced without explicit written permission from the Senate House Library. Enquiries should be addressed to the Theses Section of the Library. Regulations concerning reproduction vary according to the date of acceptance of the thesis and are listed below as guidelines. A. Before 1962. Permission granted only upon the prior written consent of the author. (The Senate House Library will provide addresses where possible). B. 1962 -1974. In many cases the author has agreed to permit copying upon completion of a Copyright Declaration. C. 1975 - 1988. Most theses may be copied upon completion of a Copyright Declaration. D. 1989 onwards. Most theses may be copied. This thesis comes within category D. FT This copy has been deposited in the Library of — This copy has been deposited in the Senate House Library, Senate House, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HU. C:\Documentsand Settings\lproctor\I_Gcat SettingsYTemporary Internet Fiies\OLKS\Copyright- thesis (2).doc Canine oral biofilms: cultural, molecular, and in vitro studies David Richard Elliott September 2005 Eastman Dental Institute (University College London) Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Microbiology (clinical dentistry) UMI Number: U592012 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U592012 Published by ProQuest LLC 2013. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Abstract The canine oral microbiota is poorly understood compared to that of humans. The aim of this work was to improve understanding of the canine oral microbiota. This was achieved by surveying the canine oral microbiota, determining coaggregation interactions between its mem­ bers, and developing a laboratory microcosm. Bacteria were isolated from the dental plaque and saliva of dogs, and isolates were identified by comparative 16S rRNA gene sequenc­ ing. From 339 isolates, 84 phylotypes belonging to 37 genera were identified. Approximately half were identified to species level, and 28 % of these were also members of the human oral microbiota. Thirty eight phylotypes were tentatively identified as candidate new species. The genera most frequently isolated from saliva were Actinomyces, Streptococcus, and Granulicatella. Porphyromonas, Actinomyces, and Neisseria were most frequently isolated from plaque. On average, se­ quences from this study differed by almost 7 % in the 16S rRNA gene compared to similar organisms from humans. Targeted PCR was used to detect culture resistant bacteria from ca­ nine plaque. Successful amplification indicated that Spirochaetes and candidate division TM7 bacteria were present, however the identities of the originating organisms were not determined. The entire cultivable plaque microbiota from a single dog was as­ sessed for coaggregation reactions. Eight (6.7 %) unique interactions were detected from 120 crosses, indicating that the prevalence of coag­ gregation is similar in the canine and human oral microbiotas. Genera common to both hosts generally exhibited similar coaggregation reac­ tions, however autoaggregation was more common among bacteria iso­ lated from dogs. The constant depth film fermenter was used to grow microcosms from canine plaque and saliva using a mucin containing artificial saliva supplemented with horse serum as the growth medium. The model produced biofilms similar to natural dental plaque, which could be used to investigate the canine oral microbiota further. 2 Acknowledgements Many people have contributed to this work by encouraging and sup­ porting me both academically and personally. I dedicate this thesis to my wife Pamela, whose continual love and support has been invaluable. Thank you for tolerating my indulgence so happily, and for the sacrifices you have made on my behalf. I thank my parents and extended family for providing a loving en­ vironment in which my childhood interest in science and nature was encouraged. I also wish to thank my parents for their generous finan­ cial assitance throughout my education. Thanks to my colleagues and friends at the Eastman Dental Institute for your technical assistance, discussion, and fun times. I also acknowledge assistance with DNA sequencing given by Prof William Wade at Guys and St Thomas’s, and thank Dr Marilou Ciantar and Lisa Milella for their kind assistance with sampling. Financial sup­ port for this project was generously provided by the BBSRC and the Waltham Centre for Pet Nutrition. Finally, special thanks go to my academic and industrial supervi­ sors. Dr Neil Culham, Dr Catherine Buckley, and Dr Marie-Louise Baillon were all involved in my supervision at the Waltham Centre. At the Eastman, Prof Mike Wilson and Dr Dave Spratt were my academic supervisors. Between them they inspired and motivated me, enabled me to work productively, and allowed me to develop as an independent researcher. 3 Abbreviations General abbreviations AA anaerobe agar AS artificial saliva BHI brain heart infusion bp base pairs BPA black pigmented anaerobic bacteria CAS canine artificial saliva CBA Columbia agar base CFAT cadmium fluoride acriflavin tellurite cfu colony forming units CP canine plaque CPP canine pooled plaque CPS canine pooled saliva DGGE denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis DNA deoxyribonucleic acid FISH fluorescent in situ hybridisation GCF gingival crevicular fluid h hour PBS phosphate buffered saline PCR polymerase chain reaction ptype phylotype RCF relative centrifugal force (multiples of g) RNA ribonucleic acid rRNA ribosomal RNA S Svedberg unit (measure of density) sp. species (singular) spp. species (plural) Tm melting temperature tvc total viable count UPGMA unweighted pair group method with arithmetic means V volt (electric potential difference) Units m metre min minute M moles litre-1 (molarity) MY million year MYA million years ago y m year month Unit prefixes m milli- (xlO-3) /.i micro- (xlO-6) n nano- (xlO-9) 4 Contents A bstract.......................................................................................................... 2 Acknowledgements ....................................................................................... 3 Abbreviations ................................................................................................. 4 List of Figures 10 List of Tables 12 1 Introduction 14 1.1 Microbially-mediated oral diseases ...................................................... 15 1.1.1 Periodontal d ise a se s ............................................................... 16 1.1.2 Diseases of the to o th ............................................................... 16 1.2 Oral disease in the d o g ......................................................................... 18 1.3 Oral microbiota of humans and d o g s ................................................... 19 1.3.1 Firmicutes ............................................................................... 20 1.3.2 Fusobacteria........................................................................... 26 1.3.3 Actinobacteria ........................................................................ 27 1.3.4 Spirochaetes ............................................................................ 30 1.3.5 Proteobacteria........................................................................ 30 1.3.6 Bacteroidetes........................................................................... 35 1.3.7 Deferribacteres........................................................................ 37 1.3.8 Candidate divisions TM7 and OP11 ...................................... 37 1.4 Modelling the oral m icro b io ta............................................................. 38 1.4.1 In vivo system s........................................................................ 39 1.4.2 Planktonic in vitro system s...................................................... 40 1.4.3 Biofilm in vitro sy ste m s......................................................... 40 5 CONTENTS 1.5 Methods of community a n a ly sis ....................................................... 43 1.5.1 Microscopic.............................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Parents with Periodontitis Impact the Subgingival Colonization of Their Ofspring Mabelle Freitas Monteiro1, Khaled Altabtbaei2, Purnima S

    Parents with Periodontitis Impact the Subgingival Colonization of Their Ofspring Mabelle Freitas Monteiro1, Khaled Altabtbaei2, Purnima S

    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Parents with periodontitis impact the subgingival colonization of their ofspring Mabelle Freitas Monteiro1, Khaled Altabtbaei2, Purnima S. Kumar3,4*, Márcio Zafalon Casati1, Karina Gonzales Silverio Ruiz1, Enilson Antonio Sallum1, Francisco Humberto Nociti‑Junior1 & Renato Corrêa Viana Casarin1,4 Early acquisition of a pathogenic microbiota and the presence of dysbiosis in childhood is associated with susceptibility to and the familial aggregation of periodontitis. This longitudinal interventional case–control study aimed to evaluate the impact of parental periodontal disease on the acquisition of oral pathogens in their ofspring. Subgingival plaque and clinical periodontal metrics were collected from 18 parents with a history of generalized aggressive periodontitis and their children (6–12 years of age), and 18 periodontally healthy parents and their parents at baseline and following professional oral prophylaxis. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing revealed that parents were the primary source of the child’s microbiome, afecting their microbial acquisition and diversity. Children of periodontitis parents were preferentially colonized by Filifactor alocis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Streptococcus parasanguinis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and several species belonging to the genus Selenomonas even in the absence of periodontitis, and these species controlled inter‑bacterial interactions. These pathogens also emerged as robust discriminators of the microbial signatures of children of parents with periodontitis. Plaque control did not modulate this pathogenic pattern, attesting to the microbiome’s resistance to change once it has been established. This study highlights the critical role played by parental disease in microbial colonization patterns in their ofspring and the early acquisition of periodontitis‑related species and underscores the need for greater surveillance and preventive measures in families of periodontitis patients.
  • Identification of Pasteurella Species and Morphologically Similar Organisms

    Identification of Pasteurella Species and Morphologically Similar Organisms

    UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations Identification of Pasteurella species and Morphologically Similar Organisms Issued by the Standards Unit, Microbiology Services, PHE Bacteriology – Identification | ID 13 | Issue no: 3 | Issue date: 04.02.15 | Page: 1 of 28 © Crown copyright 2015 Identification of Pasteurella species and Morphologically Similar Organisms Acknowledgments UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations (SMIs) are developed under the auspices of Public Health England (PHE) working in partnership with the National Health Service (NHS), Public Health Wales and with the professional organisations whose logos are displayed below and listed on the website https://www.gov.uk/uk- standards-for-microbiology-investigations-smi-quality-and-consistency-in-clinical- laboratories. SMIs are developed, reviewed and revised by various working groups which are overseen by a steering committee (see https://www.gov.uk/government/groups/standards-for-microbiology-investigations- steering-committee). The contributions of many individuals in clinical, specialist and reference laboratories who have provided information and comments during the development of this document are acknowledged. We are grateful to the Medical Editors for editing the medical content. For further information please contact us at: Standards Unit Microbiology Services Public Health England 61 Colindale Avenue London NW9 5EQ E-mail: [email protected] Website: https://www.gov.uk/uk-standards-for-microbiology-investigations-smi-quality- and-consistency-in-clinical-laboratories UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations are produced in association with: Logos correct at time of publishing. Bacteriology – Identification | ID 13 | Issue no: 3 | Issue date: 04.02.15 | Page: 2 of 28 UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations | Issued by the Standards Unit, Public Health England Identification of Pasteurella species and Morphologically Similar Organisms Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .........................................................................................................
  • Periodontal, Metabolic, and Cardiovascular Disease

    Periodontal, Metabolic, and Cardiovascular Disease

    Pteridines 2018; 29: 124–163 Research Article Open Access Hina Makkar, Mark A. Reynolds#, Abhishek Wadhawan, Aline Dagdag, Anwar T. Merchant#, Teodor T. Postolache*# Periodontal, metabolic, and cardiovascular disease: Exploring the role of inflammation and mental health Journal xyz 2017; 1 (2): 122–135 The First Decade (1964-1972) https://doi.org/10.1515/pteridines-2018-0013 receivedResearch September Article 13, 2018; accepted October 10, 2018. List of abbreviations Abstract: Previous evidence connects periodontal AAP: American Academy of Periodontology Max Musterman, Paul Placeholder disease, a modifiable condition affecting a majority of AGEs: Advanced glycation end products Americans,What withIs So metabolic Different and cardiovascular About morbidity AgP: Aggressive periodontitis and mortality. This review focuses on the likely mediation AHA: American Heart Association ofNeuroenhancement? these associations by immune activation and their anti-CL: Anti-cardiolipin potentialWas istinteractions so anders with mental am Neuroenhancement?illness. Future anti-oxLDL: Anti-oxidized low-density lipoprotein longitudinal, and ideally interventional studies, should AP: Acute periodontitis focus on reciprocal interactions and cascading effects, as ASCVD: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease wellPharmacological as points for effective and Mentalpreventative Self-transformation and therapeutic C. pneumoniae in Ethic : Chlamydia pneumoniae interventionsComparison across diagnostic domains to reduce CAL: Clinical attachment loss morbidity,Pharmakologische
  • Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of the Capsular Serotypes of Pasteurella Multocida Isolates from Pneumonic Cases of Cattle in Ethiopia

    Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of the Capsular Serotypes of Pasteurella Multocida Isolates from Pneumonic Cases of Cattle in Ethiopia

    Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of the Capsular Serotypes of Pasteurella multocida Isolates from Pneumonic Cases of Cattle in Ethiopia Mirtneh Akalu Yilma ( [email protected] ) Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5936-6873 Murthy Bhadra Vemulapati Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Takele Abayneh Tefera Veterinaerinstituttet Martha Yami VeterinaryInstitute Teferi Degefa Negi VeterinaryInstitue Alebachew Belay VeterinaryInstitute Getaw Derese VeterinaryInstitute Esayas Gelaye Leykun Veterinaerinstituttet Research article Keywords: Biovar, Capsular type, Cattle, Ethiopia, Pasteurella multocida Posted Date: January 19th, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-61749/v2 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/13 Abstract Background: Pasteurella multocida is a heterogeneous species and opportunistic pathogen associated with pneumonia in cattle. Losses due to pneumonia and associated expenses are estimated to be higher in Ethiopia with limited information about the distribution of capsular serotypes. Hence, this study was designed to determine the phenotypic and capsular serotypes of P. multocida from pneumonic cases of cattle. Methods: A cross sectional study with purposive sampling method was employed in 400 cattle from April 2018 to January 2019. Nasopharyngeal swabs and lung tissue samples were collected from clinically suspected pneumonic cases of calves (n = 170) and adult cattle (n = 230). Samples were analyzed using bacteriological and molecular assay. Results: Bacteriological analysis revealed isolation of 61 (15.25%) P. multocida subspecies multocida. Incidence was higher in calves 35 (57.38%) compared to adult cattle 26 (42.62%) at P < 0.5. PCR assay targeting KMT1 gene (~460 bp) conrmed P.
  • Peri-Implantitis Review a Quarterly Review of the Latest Publications Related to the Study of Peri-Implant Inflammation and Bone Loss

    Peri-Implantitis Review a Quarterly Review of the Latest Publications Related to the Study of Peri-Implant Inflammation and Bone Loss

    12 Fall 2015 Aron J. Saffer DDS MS Diplomate of the American Board of Periodontology Peri-implantitis Review A quarterly review of the latest publications related to the study of Peri-implant inflammation and bone loss A service of Dr. Aron Saffer and the Jerusalem Perio Center to provide useful, up -to date information concerning one of the most complex and troubling problems facing dental professionals today. Peri-implantitis : Microbiology • Are the Bacteria of Peri-implantitis the same as Periodontal disease? • Are we treating the infection correctly? MICROBIAL METHODS EMPLOYED • Are screw-retained restorations better than cement IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF THE retained restorations at preventing peri-implantitis PERIODONTAL PATHOGEN: Bacterial Cultivation: a method in What Does the latest Literature say? You might be surprised which the bacteria taken from infected site and is allowed to multiply on a predetermined culture media. Using light Peri-implant mucositis and Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory response microscopy the bacteria is generally due to bacteriorly driven infections, affecting the mucosal tissue and identified. eventually the bone surrounding implants. The condition was traditionally regarded to be microbiologically similar to Periodontitis. Earlier research had demonstrated that the pathogens which were found in patients with periodontal disease had similar pathogens in the sulcus around infected implants. In fact, one hypothesis suggested that the infected gingiva was a resevoir for the bacteria that would eventually translocate and infect the mucosal crevice around implants. With newer microbiological identification techniques evidence is emerging . to suggest that the ecosystem around teeth and implants differ in many ways. Have we been taking “the easy way out” by lumping ALL gingival and mucosal infection together regardless whether it surrounds a human tooth or titanium metal.
  • Exploring Salivary Microbiota in AIDS Patients with Different Periodontal Statuses Using 454 GS-FLX Titanium Pyrosequencing

    Exploring Salivary Microbiota in AIDS Patients with Different Periodontal Statuses Using 454 GS-FLX Titanium Pyrosequencing

    ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 02 July 2015 doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2015.00055 Exploring salivary microbiota in AIDS patients with different periodontal statuses using 454 GS-FLX Titanium pyrosequencing Fang Zhang 1 †, Shenghua He 2 †, Jieqi Jin 1, Guangyan Dong 1 and Hongkun Wu 3* 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 2 Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu, China, 3 Department of Geriatric Dentistry, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are at high risk of opportunistic infections. Oral manifestations have been associated with the level of immunosuppression, these include periodontal diseases, and understanding the microbial populations in the oral cavity is crucial for clinical management. The aim of this study was to examine the salivary bacterial diversity in patients newly admitted to the AIDS ward of the Public Health Clinical Center (China). Saliva samples were Edited by: Saleh A. Naser, collected from 15 patients with AIDS who were randomly recruited between December University of Central Florida, USA 2013 and March 2014. Extracted DNA was used as template to amplify bacterial Reviewed by: 16S rRNA. Sequencing of the amplicon library was performed using a 454 GS-FLX J. Christopher Fenno, University of Michigan, USA Titanium sequencing platform. Reads were optimized and clustered into operational Nick Stephen Jakubovics, taxonomic units for further analysis. A total of 10 bacterial phyla (106 genera) were Newcastle University, UK detected. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria were preponderant in the *Correspondence: salivary microbiota in AIDS patients. The pathogen, Capnocytophaga sp., and others Hongkun Wu, Department of Geriatric Dentistry, not considered pathogenic such as Neisseria elongata, Streptococcus mitis, and West China College of Stomatology, Mycoplasma salivarium but which may be opportunistic infective agents were detected.
  • Oral Microbiota Features in Subjects with Down Syndrome and Periodontal Diseases: a Systematic Review

    Oral Microbiota Features in Subjects with Down Syndrome and Periodontal Diseases: a Systematic Review

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Oral Microbiota Features in Subjects with Down Syndrome and Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Review Maria Contaldo 1,* , Alberta Lucchese 1, Antonio Romano 1 , Fedora Della Vella 2 , Dario Di Stasio 1 , Rosario Serpico 1 and Massimo Petruzzi 2 1 Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Luigi de Crecchio, 6, 80138 Naples, Italy; [email protected] (A.L.); [email protected] (A.R.); [email protected] (D.D.S.); [email protected] (R.S.) 2 Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; [email protected] (F.D.V.); [email protected] (M.P.) * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: +39-3204876058 Abstract: Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder associated with early-onset periodontitis and other periodontal diseases (PDs). The present work aimed to systematically review the scientific literature reporting studies in vivo on oral microbiota features in subjects with DS and related periodontal health and to highlight any correlation and difference with subjects not affected by DS, with and without PDs. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane were searched for relevant studies in May 2021. The participants were subjects affected by Down syndrome (DS) with and without periodontal diseases; the study compared subjects with periodontal diseases but not affected by DS, and DS without periodontal diseases; the outcomes were the differences in oral microbiota/periodontopathogen bacterial composition among subjects considered; the study Citation: Contaldo, M.; Lucchese, A.; design was a systematic review.
  • Gallibacterium Anatis: an Emerging Pathogen of Poultry Birds And

    Gallibacterium Anatis: an Emerging Pathogen of Poultry Birds And

    ary Scien in ce r te & e T V e f c h o Journal of Veterinary Science & n n l o o a a l l n n o o r r g g u u Singh, et al., J Veterinar Sci Techno 2016, 7:3 y y o o J J Technology DOI: 10.4172/2157-7579.1000324 ISSN: 2157-7579 Review Article Open Access Gallibacterium anatis: An Emerging Pathogen of Poultry Birds and Domiciled Birds Shiv Varan Singh, Bhoj R Singh*, Dharmendra K Sinha, Vinodh Kumar OR, Prasanna Vadhana A, Monika Bhardwaj and Sakshi Dubey Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India *Corresponding author: Dr. Bhoj R Singh, Acting Head of Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar-243122, Uttar Pradesh, India, Tel: +91-8449033222; E-mail: [email protected] Rec date: Feb 09, 2016; Acc date: Mar 16, 2016; Pub date: Mar 18, 2016 Copyright: © 2016 Singh SV, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract Gallibacterium anatis though known since long as opportunistic pathogen of intensively reared poultry birds has emerged in last few years as multiple drug resistance pathogen causing heavy mortality outbreaks not only in poultry birds but also in other domiciled or domestic birds. Due to its fastidious nature, commensal status and with no pathgnomonic lesions in diseased birds G. anatis infection often remains obscure for diagnosis.
  • In Vitro Assessment of the Effect of Probiotic Lactobacillus Reuteri On

    In Vitro Assessment of the Effect of Probiotic Lactobacillus Reuteri On

    Mulla et al. BMC Oral Health (2021) 21:408 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-021-01762-2 RESEARCH Open Access In vitro assessment of the efect of probiotic lactobacillus reuteri on peri-implantitis microfora Munaz Mulla1, Mushir Mulla2, Shashikanth Hegde1* and Ajit V. Koshy3 Abstract Background: Probiotics afect both the development and stability of microbiota by altering the colonization of pathogens and thus helps in stimulating the immune system of the individual. The aim of the present study is to assess the efect of probiotics on peri-implantitis microfora, by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Lactobacillus reuteri, that can be efectively administered as an antimicrobial agent on specifc peri-implantitis pathogens. Hence, this study will be helpful in fnding the MIC of L. Reuteri that can be efectively administered as an antimicrobial agent on specifc peri-implantitis pathogens. Methods: This experimental research was conducted on patients visiting the periodontology department in M. A. Rangoonwala college of dental sciences and research centre. Sub-gingival plaque samples were collected from peri- implantitis patients to identify various peri-implantitis microorganisms. The identifed microorganisms were compared to each other and Chi-Square test was used to calculate statistical signifcance. The isolated microorganisms were subjected to the efect of probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri in-vitro. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was assessed using serial dilution method. Results: The research results showed the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetem- comitans, Prevotella intermedia, Streptococcus salivaris and Staphylococcus aureus in the subgingival samples from peri-implantitis patients. Statistically, signifcantly higher proportion of samples had Porphyromonas gingivalis. When subjected to the efect of L.
  • Oral Microbiome Associated with Peri-Implant Infections – a Review

    Oral Microbiome Associated with Peri-Implant Infections – a Review

    International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064 Index Copernicus Value (2016): 79.57 | Impact Factor (2017): 7.296 Oral Microbiome Associated with Peri-Implant Infections – A Review Molina F.1, Lopes Cardoso I.2, Moura Teles A.3, Pina C.4 1Student of the Integrated Master in Dental Medicine, Health Sciences Faculty, Fernando Pessoa University, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal 2, 3, 4Health Sciences Faculty, Fernando Pessoa University, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal Abstract: Dental treatments using dental implants have been well documented over the past 40 years and with great success. The dental implant installed in the place of missing teeth should always involve proper forecasting by the dentist. Namely, it is important to know the microbiome surrounding the implant, from its planning till final rehabilitation. The exact time of microbiome formation, as well as microorganisms involved, are essential for the proper implementation and success of the implant. However, internal contaminations of the rehabilitated implants, the extracellular components of microorganisms, such as endotoxins, have a huge influence on implant success. In addition, it is also very important the knowledge concerning implants surfaces and associated microorganisms. This study conducted a literature review on the oral microbiome and its relationship with the peri-implant infection, with the discussion of several classical and current studies. Although it can be concluded that the peri-implant microbiome is characterized by the microbiome present before dental implant placing, more studies are required to better elucidate the planning and the longevity of dental implant treatment.
  • From Genotype to Phenotype: Inferring Relationships Between Microbial Traits and Genomic Components

    From Genotype to Phenotype: Inferring Relationships Between Microbial Traits and Genomic Components

    From genotype to phenotype: inferring relationships between microbial traits and genomic components Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakult¨at der Heinrich-Heine-Universit¨atD¨usseldorf vorgelegt von Aaron Weimann aus Oberhausen D¨usseldorf,29.08.16 aus dem Institut f¨urInformatik der Heinrich-Heine-Universit¨atD¨usseldorf Gedruckt mit der Genehmigung der Mathemathisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakult¨atder Heinrich-Heine-Universit¨atD¨usseldorf Referent: Prof. Dr. Alice C. McHardy Koreferent: Prof. Dr. Martin J. Lercher Tag der m¨undlichen Pr¨ufung: 24.02.17 Selbststandigkeitserkl¨ arung¨ Hiermit erkl¨areich, dass ich die vorliegende Dissertation eigenst¨andigund ohne fremde Hilfe angefertig habe. Arbeiten Dritter wurden entsprechend zitiert. Diese Dissertation wurde bisher in dieser oder ¨ahnlicher Form noch bei keiner anderen Institution eingereicht. Ich habe bisher keine erfolglosen Promotionsversuche un- ternommen. D¨usseldorf,den . ... ... ... (Aaron Weimann) Statement of authorship I hereby certify that this dissertation is the result of my own work. No other person's work has been used without due acknowledgement. This dissertation has not been submitted in the same or similar form to other institutions. I have not previously failed a doctoral examination procedure. Summary Bacteria live in almost any imaginable environment, from the most extreme envi- ronments (e.g. in hydrothermal vents) to the bovine and human gastrointestinal tract. By adapting to such diverse environments, they have developed a large arsenal of enzymes involved in a wide variety of biochemical reactions. While some such enzymes support our digestion or can be used for the optimization of biotechnological processes, others may be harmful { e.g. mediating the roles of bacteria in human diseases.
  • Trichosoma Tenax and Entamoeba Gingivalis: Pathogenic Role of Protozoic Species in Chronic Periodontal Disease Development

    Trichosoma Tenax and Entamoeba Gingivalis: Pathogenic Role of Protozoic Species in Chronic Periodontal Disease Development

    Journal of Human Virology & Retrovirology Review Article Open Access Trichosoma tenax and Entamoeba gingivalis: pathogenic role of protozoic species in chronic periodontal disease development Abstract Volume 6 Issue 3 - 2018 Periodontal disease is a complex inflammation/immune-mediated compromising Matteo Fanuli,1 Luca Viganò,2 Cinzia Casu3 of connective and epithelial tissues in dental periodontal ligament. Serving as a 1Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Italy stabilizing and mechanical absorption system, periodontal ligament consist in a 2 complex and organized structure presenting a really delicate balance with oral Department of Radiology, Italy 3 microbioma and immunomediated alterations. A large number of microbiological Department of Private Dental Practice, Italy assays have been developed to understand, prevent and even stabilize an advanced Luca Viganò, Department of Radiology, disease form. Specific protozoic organism, usually not triggered in conventional Correspondence: Milano, Italy, Email microbiological assays, could not be evaluated and underestimated by the clinician. Their role, pathogenetic mechanism and agonist activity is far to be completely known. Received: August 01, 2018 | Published: November 21, 2018 As a matter of fact, protozoic organism is still possibly involved in determination of chronical periodontitis and their knowledge is essential for a comprehensive overview in microbioma-mediated oral and gingival alteration. E. gingivalis and T. tenax are strongly associated with non responsive chronic periodontal disease. These pathogen organisms must be clearly and carefully identified and evaluated for a possible antagonistic spontaneous conversion. These conditions could be largely observed in unbalanced oral microbiome and patient with poor oral hygiene. Understanding prevalence, epidemiological aspects, pathological mechanism, therapies and role of hygiene therapy must be a fundamental knowledge of modern dental clinicians.