Solutions for a Changing World Publications to Share This Knowledge with Our Customers and Other Interested Businesses

Business ronment : Solution ng World

THE DOCUMENT COMPANY XEROX The world is ever-changing. Successful businesses are typically those that adapt to change in the most effective and timely manner. Xerox has, for more than 20 years, demonstrated an ability to balance the dynamic challenges of global trends and customer needs. Over the past decade we have found that some of the most important challenges have been in the area of environmental protection and resource conservation.

At the beginning of the 20th century-the dawn of mass Annual Per Capita Resource Consumption production-North Americans annually consumed more than 200 Y ~~"~~ YlY ___.I

In the years that followed, from I945 to 1969,

jumped to more than 2.5 billion tons-I 2.

tion, in 1969 we witnessed the crea

growth in concern for how the world can function in a more susta able manner. Organized waste reduction programs have becom daily habit for millions of people, at home and in the workplace. regulations have been adopted in countries around the world. people have begun to fundamentally change their thinking about role and importance of environmental protection in their daily live and in the way they do business.

Xerox has committed significant resources over the past decade, i areas such as quality,innovation,and customer satisfaction,to the challe of resource conservation-for our own facilities and in products our customers. We have learned some important lessons. We have designed our Business and the Environment: Solutions for a Changing World publications to share this knowledge with our customers and other interested businesses.

The first edition of the Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling was published by Xerox in 1992. This practical guide was distributed, along with additional background materials, to internal Xerox teams and to interested customers,and it proved to be a popular, useful publication. A thoroughly revised and updated edition of the Guide, which focuses on reduction, reuse and recycling in the workplace, was published in 1998 as a key component of the Business and the Environment: Solutions for a Changing World series. A related set of worksheets and resources was published, along with a new title: Waste Reduction and Recycling at Special Events. 3

Xerox would like to share our knowledge with YOU through the Business and the Environment: Solutions for a Changing World series. This series has been

designed to provide~~~~ practical,~ ~ hands-on,~ ~ easy_to-follow information that can be applied to a ~~ ~ - wide variety of facilities.

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling is a step-by-step manual designed to lead you through:

reducing your material consumption reusing any materials that still have life designing a cost-effective waste reduction program

the steps outlined in this guide, Xerox has proven that an st savings can be achieved through the evaluation of discarded implementation of programs to more effectively manage these

e to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook of worksheets and an extensive array of resources from d to guide you through the design of an effective waste

nd Recycling at Special Events o supplement the Business Guide to Waste Reduction and iscussing the similarities and differences between designing on programs for special events instead of a facility. While many similarities between the two design processes, the nature of participants and spectators alike combine to create challenges in achieving waste diversion.

Xerox publications provide you with the tools necessary to make your competitive and environmentally responsible for the success of your corn- y and the future of our environment. Xerox-A name that stands for Environmental Responsibility, all over the world

Environmental Awards:

I994 Best Large Plant in Pollution Prevention, from the Ontario Ministry of Environment and Energy CCC EnvironmentalAchievement Award, from the National Wildlife Federation Environmental Management Award, from the U.K. Royal Society for Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, Commerce First Annual New York State Governor’s Award for Pollution Prevention Bronze Starpack Award, from the U.K. Institute of Packaging ~~~~~ Silver Anniversary Award, trom the Council on Economic ri-iorities Lifetime Achievement Award, from the Business Enterprise Trust

I995 Pollution Prevention P4 Award, from the Ontario Ministry of Environment and Energy Blue Angel Environmental Label, from the German Institute for Quality Assurance and Labelling Corporate Conservation Council Environmental Achievement Award, from the National Wildlife Federation Energy Star Label, from the US. Environmental Protection Agency Energy 2000 Label, from the Swiss Federal Office of Energy Environmental Engineering Excellence Award, from the Consulting Engineers Council of New York State Marque Retour Award, from the French National Agency of Environment and Energy Management Massachusetts Packaging Challenge Honorable Mention, from the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Safety Award, from the Rio de Janeiro State Government Stratospheric Ozone Protection Award, from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Structural Plastics Division Award, from the Society of Plastics Industry (for the use of 100% recycled plastic in Xerox products) WasteWi$e Commendation, from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

I996 Use of Canada’s Environmental Choice EcoLogo label for 22 Xerox products ? Environmental Achievement in Groundwater Remediation,from the Georgia Water and Pollution Control Association Environmental Engineering Excellence Bronze Award, from the Consulting Engineers Council, New York State WasteWi$e Commendation, from the United States Environmental Protection Agency Better Environment Award for Industry, from the European Union Product Stewardship Award, from the Financial Post Induction into the Environmental Hall of Fame, by the Region of Peel Renew America’s Environmental Success Index, from the National Awards Council for Environmental Sustainability National Safety Award, from the British Safety Council Comprehensive Waste Reduction Program, from the United States Environmental Protection Agency Certificate of Environmental Achievement, from the National (US.) Awards for Environmental Sustainability

I997 Award of Excellence in Industry Conservation, from the Ontario Ministry of Environment and Energy (MOEE) Silver Outstanding Business Award, from the Recycling Council of Ontario Packaging Industry Environmental Responsiveness Award, from the UK Packaging Week Marque Retour Award, from the French National Agency of Environment and Energy Management Best of Kinko’s Vendors for Environmental Awareness, from Kinko’s Outstanding Users of Information Technology, from Computerworld Smithsonian Award Program Recycling Certificate, from the World Resources Company Industrial Achievement Award, from the New York Water Environment Association Certificate of Merit, from the New York Water Environment Association

THE DOCUMENT

CoDvrieht 0 1998 bv Xerox CorDoration. All rinhtr reserved. COMPANY [email protected] Document Companfl and the %iI ,, I Made from recycled and recyclable paper. are trademarks of Xerox Corporation. XEROX As we test and refine our new systems and gain additional learning, we will share our experiences with our customers and others-through additional titles in the Business and the Environment: Solutions for a Changing World series, and by providing direct support.

While this current work has a focus on solid waste-i.e., reduction, reuse,and recycling -there are already resources available on topics such as:

e energy conservation

0 hazardous waste management water conservation

~- ~ e environ-mentalcompliance, tracking, and reporting

0 environmental remediation

For further information about these topics, or about Business and the Environment publications and services,visit our web site at I www.xerox.com/environment.html] or please contact:

Xerox Corporation Xerox Ltd.

Environment, Health and Safety European and Environmental Affairs 800 Phillips Road, 0 105-70C Parkway, Marlow Webster, NY, I4580 U.S.A. Bucks, SL7 IYL UK tel: 800-828-657 I (toll free) tel: 44-1 628-890000 email: [email protected] email: [email protected]

United States Customer Operations (USCO) Fuji Xerox Environment, Health and Safety Xerox Square Environment and Product Safety IO0 Clinton Ave., South 2-46- I Honcho, Nakano-ku Rochester, N.Y. 14644 Tokyo Japan tel: 7 16-423-3644 tel: 03-5352-7392

Xerox Business Services Modi Xerox Ltd.

Environment, Health and Safety Environment, Health and Safety 70 Linden Oaks Parkway, 809-0 I A 98 Hem KuntTower, Nehru Place Rochester, NY I4625 U.S.A. New Delhi - I 10019 India tel: 7 16-383-9444 tel: 90-1 1-6434544

Xerox Canada, Ine. Xerox do Brasil

Environment, Health and Safety Environment, Health and Safety 5650Yonge Street Av. Rodrigues Alves, 26 I NorthYork, Ontario M2M 4G7 Canada Rio de Janeiro - RJ tel: 4 16-733-6398 CEP 2022 - 360 Brazil tel: 55-21-271-1635 Fuji Xerox Australia Pty. Ltd.

55 Burke Road Alexandria, NSW 20 15, Australia tel: 02-9700-6800 One of the areas where Xerox is currently focusing its environmental innovation is in the development and refinement of closed loop systems. Through the use of techniques involving reverse logistics and returns channel management the company is incorporating product stewardship on a very practical basis.

There is currently a worldwide movement towards expanded producer responsibility (EPR), in the environmental and waste management field. There are ~~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~ dozens of examples, including:

ny’s Green Dot (arising from the law adopted in I99 I)

mballage program In the EPR policies and programs adopted in these and aging Protocol other countries in recent years, there are many variations in terms of approach, method, or degree. However, in all Recent EECG es (mandating EPR cases there is some new mandate, incentive or disincen- * in all European tive which causes the producer to assume responsibility for the downstream impact which occurs when the product or package is discarded. Some or all of the following objectives are embodied in these new regulations.

Transferring a financial burden for waste management (or recycling) to the producer Mandatin that producers take direct responsibi9 ity for recycling what they sell Requiring that a certain level of recycling be achieved Causin the roducer to reduce the volumegiR weig t of their packaging Mandating or encouragin the achievement of other environmental perB ormance standards

is a major worldwide producer, as are many of our omers. For years we have developed and influenced policies and procedures, prior to the passage of governmental regulation. We feel that our proactive approach, recognized worldwide, will do more than provide compliance with government regulations. By moving ahead of these trends, we intend to lessen environmental impacts and achieve greater success in our business.

3 Business Solution

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling

THE DOCUMENT COMPANY XEROX

Business and the Environment: Solutions for a Changing World

~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling The Coin The words ecology and economy share common roots - both originate from the Greek word “oikos”, meaning “home”.These common origins illustrate the fundamental link between the environment and our economy.

Xerox Corporation Environment, Health and Safety 800 Phillips Road, 0 105-70C Webster, NY, I4580

Copyright protection claimed includes all forms and manners of copyrightable material and information now allowed by statutory or judical law or hereinafter granted, including without limitation, material generated from the software programs which are displayed on the screen such as icons, screen displays, looks, etc.

Printed in the United States of America

XeroxB,The Document Company@, the and the Xerox products mentioned in this publication are trademarks of Xerox Corporation. Made from recycled and recyclable paper. @ ‘3

Table of Contents

Introduction ...... I Using This Guide ...... 2

Waste Reduction Workplan Process Organize team ...... 3 Analyze waste generation and disposal systems ...... 6 Identify waste management program alternatives ...... I I Evaluate each alternative group ...... 2 I Design program ...... 23 Promote program ...... 27 Launch program ...... 29 Continuous improvement ...... 3 I

Green Workplace Waste free facilities ...... 35 Waste free products ...... 39

Glossary ...... 43 Index ...... I I Business and the Environment:

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling

s the world approaches the next millennium, corporate A environments are changing. Business is becoming more competitive and the challenge of the 90s is to stay afloat. Every opportunity to raise corporate profits needs to be examined- from instilling operational efficiencies to reducing large-scale capital costs or providing simple solutions to the more complex.

One important example of these efficiencies is a waste reduction program. Through the implementation of such an undertaking,corporations have been known to save hundreds of thousands of dollars annually- all for relatively small investments in time and energy. Waste Reduction Programs For example, as a result of numerous waste are designed to provide economic reduction measures, Xerox Corporation was able benefits through the reduction of to generate revenues of approximately $35 million operational costs by implementing in 1996. While Xerox Corporation is a large, inter- proper waste management in all national organization, these types of programs clearly facilities. increase economic efficiency without impacting product quality.

We would like to help you

This Guide provides a blueprint to lead you through the design and implementation of reduction, reuse and recycling techniques-the three principles universally accepted as being part of the waste management hierarchy. During the implementation of the following tasks,you will work towards reducing the operating costs of your company as well as implementing a program which will help your company successfully meet the demands of the 21st century.

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling I Using This Guide

The method for developing a waste reduction program has been divided into the following eight steps:

alternatives to the existing system.

Each of these steps is equally important to the success of your program, and has been broken down into the specific tasks necessary.

To assist in the development of a waste reduction program, Xerox has also developed a companion toolbook, the Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook. This second book provides the necessary tools for you to design and implement a waste reduction program in an organized and efficient manner. Specific tools, located in the Work- book, are referred to in the text of the Guide.

Throughout this Guide, you will notice some recurring symbols. Each symbol highlights a specific item, as follows:

Checklist of items to accomplish in this task.

Helpful hints.

/\ Worksheet provided in Workbook.

/.A

Success stories.

/ Sources listed in Workbook for more information. \

We hope you find the Guide useful, and helpful in giving you an edge in becoming more competitive.

2 Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Organize Team - ds make fight work!

he implementation of a waste reduction program is much easier Twith the support of a waste management team-both to spread the work around, as well as to build corporate support for the project itself. Following are five steps to help you create a strong, cohesive, effective team-one that can get the job done.

Obtain initial managerial support

s: Obtaining managerial s: prior to developing the waste reduction team will facilitate participation, as well as increase future support of the program. To do so, the Present waste reduction program idea 0 manager should be presented with the idea to implement a waste reduction and recycling program. Company policy, success stories from Enlist managerial support 0 - other divisions or companies, and relevant environmental mandates and Determine preferred level of laws may be used as justification. involvement 0

Any involvement of management should be strongly encouraged, whether it is as dedicated as becoming a waste reduction team member or as simple as providing program support during management meetings. This type of support can be developed by determining the level that management would like to be involved. Successful levels of involvement in the past have varied from membership on the planning committee, to regular reporting, to presentation of a final analysis and recommendation, to a hands-off approach whereby management ap- Selected RecyclingWaste proves of the initiative but would like to be excluded from the process. Reduction Goals:

Toronto, Canada 50% Managerial support is very important to the success of the pro- - Nurnburg, Germany - 50% gram. However, even without strong management backing, you can New Jersey, USA - 60% initiate the program. When it becomes clear that the team’s efforts are Furano, Japan - 56% reducing waste, saving money, and increasing employee satisfaction, Guelph, Canada - 57% management will likely join the program.

Form Team(s)

Once you have addressed managerial support, it is time to develop your team. This team will become the nucleus for program planning, implementation, and education. Try to gain grass roots support from Seek out appropriate team the start and seek out committed individuals who are interested in the members project from both an environmental and financial standpoint-individuals who take these issues seriously and possess the lasting commitment necessary to make the waste reduction program work. It is also essential that the team represents an appropriate cross section of your organization, including all levels of employees, different departments, union and non-union staff alike. For example, if the facilities group is not spearheading the activity, every attempt should be made to recruit at least one member onto your team. Also, make an effort to include employees in maintenance operations and custodial services; these employees will be directly affected by the program and should help with the program design.

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling 3 Experience has shown that group dynamics limit the effective size of a team to about IO or 12 people. With these factors in mind, try not to exclude enthusiastic people even though large teams can become unwieldy.

Helpful Hint I You may find that your program will require A team leader is necessary to manage the one or more teams depending on the size of your program, and will: facility-t minimum, you will need a new team guide the team in the planning, implementation for every building complex with 400 or 500 and operation &the program; 4@ employees. If you have a smaller company, or a * act as liaison to management, employees, facility which performs a wide variety of functions, and contractors. you may find that one team for every 50

c- l” many teams at a large site, a central coordinating possess good organizational and communication skills; team should be formed, somewhat like satellite be personally interested in proteGting the environment; teams around a central hub. * have sufficient time to develop and manage the program. I Hold a kick-off meeting

Since the members of your team(s) will represent a cross section of building occupants, individual members may not know one another. You should provide an opportunity for them to meet and share ideas and information before work on the program begins.

Identify Roles

It is important to designate different members to different roles, according to their strengths and interests. Team members should be designated to do the following tasks: team leader, secretary (or scribe) to document decisions, and a person to manage financial responsibility. Other roles the team deems necessary may be introduced now or at a later time.

Communications

Develop your meeting schedule and meeting place(s). It is also important to decide on a means of communication, whether by hard copy, electronic mail or telephone. Be sure that distribution includes all team members, any interested managers, and, if possible, a common network shared by other recycling teams. Copy everyone who needs to be kept informed of your team activities.

During the planning and implementation stages, the team(s) will be very active and require frequent meetings and communication (about I to 2 hours per week). After that, monthly meetings should suffice to monitor results and resolve problems. Throughout the process good minutes are essential, and will benefit your team as well as other teams in your facility who are undertaking recycling projects. They will allow the teams to compare notes, as well as to ensure consistency across all waste reduction programs in your company. 3

4 Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Mission Goals of the US-based Office Recycling During this meeting, consider developing a draft mission state- Challenge include a ment. This will help the team remain focussed throughout the project, diversion rate of 76% '? and a purchasing rate and give the team both form and an objective. for recycled products of 60%. Other groups have also found it useful to create an initial goal. Begin with a group goal that is realistic, such as an offke paper recycling program, and then build on that success.

Include both the mission statement as well as the initial goal in the firfl: .. t- these statements will help all team members strive to meet the goal at without any support or hand. In meeting this goal, your team will become stronger and more guidance from other parts of their organization, has able to meet further challenges. reduced waste going to landfill by 80Y'aving US$103,000 in the first quarter of the program.

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling 5 Analyze waste gene d disposal systems - Laying the for success

basic knowledge of your waste stream and the existing management A system is essential to create an effective waste management program. This knowledge can be developed through a waste audit.

A waste audit involves two components: Identify the current state of your waste collection and disposal system, and; Perform a waste composition study to determine the waste quan- .. .. KiKIeS, CO-ICS.

The data received through this audit provides a baseline from which to estimate the potential for waste reduction, reuse and recycling. This information is also essential during any vendor negotiations as well as future assessments of the effectiveness of the implemented waste reduction programs.

If you are at a large production facility, you may consider hiring a consultant to perform a waste characterization study. You should expect the consultant to review the waste stream for each facility, document waste management practices at each building, and conduct a field waste sorting and weighing program to provide you with a waste characterization report. The results, whether done by your waste recycling team or by a professional, will provide valuable insight into problem areas.

Determine waste management practices

To familiarize yourself with the current waste management practices at your facility,you may simply need to contact your site’s facilities manager, to find out the following:

Determine who oversees the current waste disposal process. Familiarize yourself with source reduction initiatives currently in use, as well as any reuse programs in place. Familiarize yourself with the materials currently collected (e.g., waste only or are specific materials being segregated for disposal?) Familiarize yourself with the types of containers in which the materials are being collected (e.g., in 95 gallon wheeled bins, 30 cubic yard front-end dumpster, or 40 cubic yard compacted roll-off containers.) Hazardous, industrial Determine if disposal services are contracted. If so, document nd special wastes that the specific arrangements (e.g., flat fee, fee per “pull”, or fee per ton). vrec@--ehandling by trained Also, determine the length of contract, and the quality of service. professionals are beyond the scope of this guide and may be Determine if any historical records exist on waste volumes and excluded from your waste tipping fees. If they do, note any trends and/or seasonality in the data. analysis. The Xerox definitions for Determine the demographics of the facility, including the num- these waste classifications are ber of buildings at your site, the number of employees, the cultural provided in the glossary, located background of the employees,the number of employees where English .- on pg. 43 ofthe Guide. is a second language, etc.

6 Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling .. .. Knowing the current waste management system is the first step to designing an effective waste reduction program. For instance, if the waste disposal contract at your facility is based on a flat fee arrangement regardless of quantity disposed, some economic benefits of waste reduction will be lost without a contract change-a small fact that could be a major impediment to achieving an increase in operational efficiencies.

Additionally, varying demographics, and corporate and individual cultural backgrounds can create barriers to program effectiveness. A fundamental understanding of these variables will enhance program design and implementation-and ultimately, will increase program effectiveness.

every three months to rebuild the entire United states commercial airline fleet, and that British companies throw away enough desks and I chairs each year to furnish the House of Commons a hundred times.

Analyze waste management system operations and behaviors

Your waste reduction and recycling program will impact the Cheeklist: operation of your current waste disposal system. In developing your familiarity of the system, one of the most helpful things that you can do Do a walk-through of building(s) is a walk-through of the building(s). This will allow you to identify staff Note location of bins behaviors, analyze the amount of space available for containers, and scrutinize the existing locations and types of promotional materials that Note bin condition 0 are used to encourage employees to reduce waste. These kinds of Note material flow observations are often the source of many of the most simple-and most effective-waste reduction opportunities. Such observations can Note waste handling equipment 0 include the following:

Evaluate the location of any existing waste and recycling containers. For example, are bins located at a convenient distance to normal employee traffic areas? Are bins located close to the point of waste generation (e.g. is there an office paper bin located next to the fax machine and photocopier)? Are they easy to reach, and easy to deposit material into? Is there room available to place another bin? Evaluate the condition of the disposal and recycling bins. For example, are they clean, or overflowing? Is there any incorrectly- placed material in either the waste or the recycling containers? If there is a recycling container, is it at least the same size or bigger than the waste bin? Evaluate the cment flow of material in your facility. When creating this flow chart, attention should be paid to each person currently handling each segment of the process, from the person who unpacks the material to the person who uses/discards the material to the person who collects the material. Evaluate the types of equipment currently being used for waste handling (e.g. compactors, shredders, balers, and forklifts).

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling I7 The existing waste management infrastructure can often be easily adapted to accommodate your waste reduction program. For example, the custodial staff may be able to collect waste and recyclables simulta- neously, or your recycling program can utilize the equipment now used to handle solid waste. Perhaps the most important factor in your program will be the space required for consolidating the recyclable material and the space needed for additional containers. If it doesn’t all fit, however, don’t panic. Some of the space needed for the storage of recyclable material will be offset by reductions in the amount of materials currently being discarded as well as in the amount of space currently being used for waste material storage. - ,.. About70% of all office garbage Iis waste paper, which could be recycled. I

Analyze promotion and education materials

Promotion and education material detailing waste management behaviors to all employees is essential to the success of the waste reduction program.

Generally, if there is no waste reduction program currently in place, there is also no promotional program. People put everything into the garbage containers without thinking. However, if there is some form of a waste reduction program in place, there should be accompanying signage for that program. During the walk-through, analysis of the effectiveness of this signage is important, and should focus on the following observations:

Evaluate the location. Are signs placed close to the bins for easy reference, or located away from the bins? Are they in an area that is covered up, or located in an area that is clearly visible? Evaluate the aesthetics. Is it eye-catching, funny, boring, etc.? Note the message. Is it correct? Clear? Informative? Evaluate the use of graphics. Are the graphics relevant? Do they convey the intended message? Note other promotional tools used for the waste management program, including inner-ofice e-mail messages, employee recognition and rewards, and reminder cards. Note any promotional tools that are particularly effective when used in other programs in your facility.

In many facilities, the promotion and education program is one of the primary areas which requires improvement. Any enhancements made to promotional materials-even if it is simply an update and change in the graphics that are used-can increase employee participation, decrease contamination rates,and enhance overall waste reduction program results.

8 IBusiness Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling __~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~-~~ ~~ Perform waste composition study

The process of analyzing your waste stream is often referred to as Checklist: a “waste composition study”. Waste composition studies provide information on both the quantity and type of the materials in your waste Take samples of waste 0 stream and are invaluable in the analysis of the costs and benefits of a Sort waste by material 0 waste diversion program. To ensure the success of your waste reduction program, your waste composition study needs to be done carefully Evaluate quality of the materials 0 and accurately. The level of effort required to conduct a waste compo- Identify the total quantity of sition study depends on the site’s size and business activity and usually waste generated over the sample involves the following:

~ - - Arrange for an empty dumpster to be left at your facility at the beginning of the sampling period, and to pick up the waste bin again at the end of the sampling period. Take representative samples of your waste. If your site has I 7, several departments and/or several buildings, be sure they are all rep- Worksheets 2 6,2 2.8 resented during the sampling process. Each sample should be clearly I identified upon collection, and recorded according to the point of generation-particularly if different functions are performed in each department or building. This information will be useful during the development of the waste reduction workplan. Sort the waste by material characteristics, for example, white paper, mixed paper, glass, metal, and corrugated board.

6 Evaluate the quality of the materials collected. For example, are the bins of paper filled with paper, or do they have general waste thrown in the bin as well? These types of observations will be used later when developing the system. Weigh each category separately. Find out the total quantity of waste generated over the sample

period. This can be identified by the hauler. Checklist Estimate annual generation rate 0 Analyze waste composition results Obtain weights from hauler Once the waste composition study has been completed, the Compare actual weights with material composition of the waste stream can be predicted and analysis estimated weights 0 can begin. Predict generation trends

Calculate the percentage of material for each waste category, Estimate annual material composition 0 using data from above. Estimate the annual generation rate using the percentages of Estimate current diversion rate 0 material according to the waste composition study and the quantity of waste generated over the sample period, broken down according Helpful Hint to each waste constituent. / Obtain copies of weigh scale Hauler’s run sheets represent a log detailing when each ‘ tickets or the hauler’s run container was collected from a certain location, and the sheets for the waste stream for corresponding weight. Weigh scale tickets are tickets which the previous year. Compare the detail the weight of the garbage truck upon entry and exit from the total weights for the year with disposal facility. Weigh scale tickets and/or run sheets are used by those predicted through the haulers when calculating the cost of providing waste collection waste composition study. services to yourfacility. As such, they are a great help in providing annual weights when conducting a waste composition study.

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling I9 Xerox reported a 60 percent * Track any trends for high waste-generation periods (e.g.,around increase in paper recycling on holidays). National Clean Your Files Day. Predict whether the material composition of the waste would change during high-generation periods. For example, be sure to account for seasonal variations in your extrapolation process (e.g., a waste audit performed in June may yield high monthly estimates of grass clippings if not adjusted for seasonality). If such a modification is required, predict how the representation would change. Find out the quantity of material diverted for each recyclable. For example, if an informal recycling program already exists, or if a document destruction service is used with documents being recycled Xerox Worldwide following shredding, find out the quantity of diverted material on an Waste- Reporting- annual basis. Determine overall waste generation rates by compiling the results of the previous two steps.

Often you are not able to estimate the weight of the material but are able to estimate the volume of material. Using the number and level of fullness of containers collected, the size of the containers, and the frequency of collection, you will be able to estimate a total volume of material collected over the generation period. Using these figures and the volume-to-weight conversion tables provided in the Workbook,you will be able to estimate the total weight of the material.

The resulting waste analysis data can be used to illustrate graphi- tally to employees and management that valuable resources are literally being thrown away. It will not only ensure team and management support for the waste reduction program, but will also provide some data to be used during the development of the promotion and education material.

verage company can recycle about half of their existing waste stream.

I (23 4 5 6 7 8 10 IBusiness Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling he elimination or reduction of waste will occur through one of Tthe following three methods: Source Reduction Reuse Recycling & Composting

______Sincerdctiun, or the ability to avoid using a material altogether, is considered environmentally preferable, it is better to first try to create ideas that stress source reduction prior to creating a recycling plan. It is the source reduction ideas that will have the greatest impact upon the environment as well!

Reuse, or the ability to use a material again in its original form, is the second most important type of alternative to using a certain material. Ranging from reusing office furniture to relabeling a file folder to remanufacturing the toner cartridge, there are many alternatives which will eliminate the transportation, energy and resource requirements associated with recycling alternatives.

Recycling, or the ability to use a given material again to make another product, is the third type of alternative to disposing a material. 0 While this in many ways builds upon the collection system already in use for waste management, it is designed to lessen the impacts associated with the disposal of any given product.

Composting, in many ways, is a type of recycling. Either done on site or by using the collection system designed for recycling, composting is the decomposition of organic matter into a nutrient-rich humus. This soil-like material can then be used as a natural fertilizer. In doing so, any impacts associated with the disposal of organic material will be avoided.

In some jurisdictions, recovery-or incineration-is considered a fourth "R' in the waste management hierarchy. Since this method is not universally accepted as a viable waste management alternative, it will not be discussed in this Guide. Each of the other three methods- reduction, reuse and recycling-are discussed in further detail throughout the following Section.

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling I11 Identify source reduction opportunities

There is no simple recipe for source reduction initiatives for your facility. Identifying source reduction opportunities depends largely on your facility’s waste stream and the creativity of your team members. Look at the waste (including the materials being reused and recycled) generated by your facility, operations, and products and identify what can be avoided altogether. In other words, look at what you purchase, and ask “why do we buy this?”.

Reducing waste through source reduction requires changing our way of working. It involves systematic programs that develop or use fewer products and processes, and the dedication of employees, customers, and suppliers. Surprisingly simple ideas can often yield large reductions in waste volumes. Double-sided copying, for example, can eliminate up to 50 percent of the paper waste of single-sided copying, while conserving storage space and reducing mail and handling costs.

While many source reduction opportunities can be done on an Recycle Program individual basis, there are others which require corporate commitment highlights the importance to accomplish. Either done individually or company-wide, taking these of conserving resources by measures can lead to cost savings since they highlight non-value-added requiring that each employee source-separate activities. For example, eliminating unnecessary reports or reducing their their paper into the distribution will save in preparation time,as well as material and disposal appropriate fiber costs. categories, as well as reuse other office materials such as diskettes. While many of the following source reduction ideas focus on document management, they can be used as a starting point to brainstorm ideas that might be more suitable for your operational process.

Done by Individuals:

Wherever possible, copy and print on both sides of the paper. Read short electronic mail messages on the computer screen without printing (saves time and conserves resources). Carefully proofread documents before printing or copying, to avoid wasted copies. Reduce junk mail; have yourself removed from unwanted mailing lists for catalogues and promotional material. A request to the Direct Marketing Association can reduce your junk mail by as much as 75 percent. Use the collated printing option (change the default on the printer icon to“col1ated” printing) so that a separate cover sheet is not printed with each document. Circulate magazines rather than buying multiple subscriptions (saves money too!). Make only the number of copies you need so that there are no excess copies to be thrown away. It is best to “copy on demand”. Eliminate unnecessary forms and reports. Buy in bulk to reduce packaging waste.

12 Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Done by the Organization: Purchase only the quantity of supplies needed, especially letter- head, envelopes and business cards, to reduce the need to throw away outdated stock. Negotiate service contracts to maintain (and therefore extend the life 09 copiers, computers, and other electronic equipment. Routinely inspect and maintain valves, pipe joints, pumps, tanks, etc. to prevent resource loss due to leaks and spills. Redesign products and modify processes to reduce waste and prevent pollution, and limit use of resources. * Design far the environment - design quality and environmental features into your products for a longer life. Establish a quality control program to reduce manufacturing wastes. Evaluate process performance regularly to determine efficiency and methods of reducing waste.

... If only half of the company cantee& and restaurants in Britain alone reduced their waste byjust IO%, they could eliminate over T 100,000 tonnes of waste per year. I

Identify reuse opportunities

Once again, review your waste stream to identify waste that can Checklist: be reused and brainstorm ideas for reuse at your facility. Select opportunities that are achievable and will have a measurable effect on your Identify waste materials for reuse 0 waste generation or enable your team members to see progress from their efforts. For example, reusing your own mug in place of disposable cups for coffee and beverages is a highly visible opportunity that involves all employees. Other reuse ideas include the following:

Done by the Individual: Order, purchase,and use products that are made to be used many times, for example, rechargeable batteries, reusable dishes/silverware, and cloth towels. . Use internal mail envelopes that are reusable; reuse large manila envelopes by putting labels over old addresses. Reuse office supplies such as binders, file folders, and paper clips. Reuse cardboard boxes for packaging and moving. Share magazines and other publications with co-workers. Use “slide-in” binder cover sheets instead of specially printed covers so that binders can be easily reused. Bind scrap paper into scratch pads. Return laser printer and toner cartridges to suppliers.

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling I13 .. .. .

Done by the Organization:

Sell or donate obsolete equipment to others who can use it. Work with regular suppliers to use returnable and reusable packaging and pallets containers. designed for shipping and receiving. By standardiz- Reuse packaging and pallets for internal transport. ing containers and pallets, Distribute your products in returnable and reusable containers. the company is able to improve efficiency and Purchase longer lasting items instead of disposable ones, for ex- reduce waste. When the ample, reusable coffee mugs instead of throw-away cups. Eliminate material is no longer disposables from your cafeteria services. reusable, it is recycled. Buy or rent reusable glassware, table settings, silverware, table linens and serving equipment for company parties and events. Capture and reclaim spilled or leaked materials. Design products with reusable parts; use processes that reuse products. Be proactive - design a product take-back program.

... In the United States, over half of the paper and glass produced and approximately one-third of the plastic is incorporated into I products with a life span of less than one year.

Quantify impact of source reduction and reuse opportunities

Source reduction and reuse initiatives are the most important programs to implement. Not only will they have the greatest impact on your company’s bottom line, but they will also provide the greatest benefit to the environment. For an effective program design, it is essential that all source reduction and reuse options are considered before designing a recycling program. To do so, estimate how much material will be eliminated through source reduction and reuse initiatives, and quantify how this may change your waste quantities and composition.

If source reduction and reuse initiatives impact the quantity of recyclable material recovered, the economics of the recycling program may also be impacted. Therefore, estimating the impact of these measures is a fundamental step before analyzing the feasibility of the recycling program.

own mugs atwork each day, we could eliminate as many as 1.25 billion cups from going to landfill. Lined up end toend, that’s a total of about 75,000 miles of garbage.

I 2 -4 5 6 7 8 14 Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling ad s~tirutronopportunities

Less polluting-or even benign-materials can often be substituted without compromising performance. First, you must become informed about the toxicity of chemicals used in your workplace and Identify alternative materials c1 purchase less toxic alternatives. Then, be sure to properly dispose of products containing toxic chemicals in accordance with the law. Other

material substitution ideas include the following: r Worksheet 3.2

Done by Individuals: I Use water-based “white-out” and white glue as non-polluting alternatives to rubber cement. Use water-based pens and markers which are less toxic than those with chemical inks. Order, purchase and use products that are made from recycled materials.

Done by the Organization: Where returnable/reuseable packaging is not feasible, use molded pulp or corrugated board packaging,instead of plastic, expanded polystyrene, or any other material which is not as easily recyclable. waste, Xerox 7 Use brown packaging and unbleached paper where these meet developed a COx-based your requirements. cleaning process to Ask suppliers to provide products packaged in recyclable materials virtually eliminate all related waste products - such as paper, glass, tin or aluminum. other than the dirt removed Substitute non-hazardous ingredients for hazardous materials from components. wherever possible.

hours($45 worth of energy), while fluorescent bulbs last for up to 10,000 hours ($10 worth of energy). By using a compact fluorescent bulb instead of an incandescent, you will prevent I 2000 pounds of carbon dioxide and 20 pounds of sulphur I dioxide from entering the atmosphere. I Checklist: Identify remaining materials I Identify materials for recycling 0 The materials you choose to recycle will depend on the volume, value, and contamination level of the recyclable materials in your waste I stream. The availability of material processors will also influence potential recyclability. When starting a program, the most promising and Worksheet 3.3 cost-effective approach is to start with materials that have a high mar- 1 ket value, account for a large portion of your waste stream, andlor are easy to separate. Identification of promising materials was done during I the waste composition study, while current periodicals will help you Resource p.68 ’ identify market values. I

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling 15 Infrastructure and markets for post-consumer Materials classified as hazardous wastes do not lend materials are expanding rapidly. Although market maturity themselves to conventional recycling programs. They need to be handled according to local, state, and varies between material types, successful commercial national laws and corporate standards. Industrial recycling programs can reduce waste disposal needs by 80 and special wastes also require special handling and percent or more. The characteristics of waste generated disposal procedures. While reducing these wastes is by different business activities varies greatly. important, they need to be handled on a case-by- case basis by the environment, health and safety In general, corrugated cardboard, white paper and I professionals in your organization. 1 aluminum cans are often the first to be recycled, either because they have a high market value or because they are easy to separate from the waste stream. Other materials are then added as the program builds on its success.

Estimate quantities of material that can be recycled

Using the quantity of material generated on an annual basis (calculated in the waste composition study), subtract the relevant quantities I of materials potentially diverted through reduction and reuse options. v From the remainder, estimate the anticipated employee participation rate, for each material, for the recycling program. Using the remaining quantity of material for each category, multiply this by the participation rate to estimate the quantity of material diverted through a recycling program. A worksheet is provided in the Workbook to help you estimate the quantities of material that will be separated for recycling.

Determine whether confidential waste I ... The average 100-person company uses about 250,000 sheets of is being recycled 0 copier paper per year. That's a stack of paper piled nearly five floors high!

Identify methods for recycling confidential waste

Consult with your current vendor to see if confidential waste is being recycled after it is destroyed.

If not,you may wish to make this one of your requirements, but do not compromise your facility's security program in the process. Before making any changes, get approval from the person in charge of Corpo- rate Data Security for your site.

Identify composting alternatives for green wastes

Checklist: Grass clippings, brush, leaves, fruit and vegetable peels and trimmings are all green wastes. As such, they lend themselves to composting. Investigate composting organic Since this material is quite heavy, diversion of this material will make a waste significant impact upon the total waste management costs.

I 2 -4 I 6 7 8 16 Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling If your facility has the space, look into setting up an on-site composting system for your organic wastes. Otherwise, talk to your service provider to find out if they offer collection programs for food (-3and landscaping wastes, and confirm the materials that are accepted in the program.-

... One acre of lawn yields 400 25-pound bags of grass clippings per year. I

Identify recycling opportunities for uncommon materlals Develop procedures for diverting remaining materials With most facilities, waste analysis results pinpoint a number of Cl I waste materials that are not readily recycled in mainstream recycling markets (for example, mixed scrap material and waste contaminated by Waste mask non-recyclable materials). For each waste category, determine if mar- strip solution is kets exist for this material and develop procedures for diverting the an environmental material from the waste stream. hazard. As a result, Xerox developed a reaction process that While the generation of these uncommon wastes is usually precipitates the selenium restricted to only a few sources, making material separation and and arsenic with sulfuric collection relatively easy, it is challenging finding markets to absorb the acid. The precipitate is material. Some items like wooden pallets or scrap metal are easy to crystallized, dried, and sell, while others such as commingled plastics are more difficult. used as a raw material in the glass manufacturing industry-eliminating A waste exchange is another excellent disposal alternative. Waste environmental impacts to exchanges match companies with unwanted but usable material, with the air, water, and soil.

other companies that can use the material.The Resource section of I

the Workbook contains names of some waste exchanges. Others may Resource p.66-68 (\'

be available through your local government or recycling organizations. I

I enough lumber to manufacture one wooden pallet. i

Prioritize alternatives

Based on volume, value, level of difficulty, and investment, prioritize Checklist: the recycling of the different categories of material. According to similarities in characteristics, group the alternatives by implementation Determine implementation priorities 0 phase. I

Phasing in a recycling program is an effective way of gaining wide- spread acceptance and participation. Ranking the alternative groups according to how they meet your facility's waste reduction objectives provides a long-range plan for phasing in a comprehensive recycling program.

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling I17 Identify required collection systems

Alternatives can exist, not only in the ability to reduce, reuse or CheCk3isf: recycle materials, but also in the method of providing the waste service. Determine flow pattern for each Decisions will have to be made regarding the type of materials that material should be recycled, the type of program that is required, and the preferred level of employee participation (e.g., do employees sort all materials into separate collection bins, or do they mix fibers and drinks packaging, etc?).

For each type of material selected, determine a source separation method and how the material will move from desk to dock.

Separation of recyclables by the employee at the point of generation is an efficient and usually successful method of diverting recyclables from the waste stream. Generally, employees are given a receptacle for recyclables generated at their desk, and are then responsible for depos- iting the recyclables into conveniently placed intermediate bins. This simplifies the collection process and avoids putting an undue strain on maintenance staff.

Custodial or maintenance staff are logical candidates for moving the recyclables from intermediate bin locations to a stagingAoadingarea. Integrating recyclables collection with waste collection is a logical method of collecting and consolidating material.

At this point, it is enough to identify the alternatives you may already be using for collection of recyclables. The details of selection, placement J J of containers, and the development of procedures and training is best done after establishing program feasibility.

18 Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Based on the quantity of recyclable material identified in the waste composition study, determine ‘the space necessary for each recyclable between pickups. Determine required amount of storage space 0 Implementing a recycling program may require the allocation of additional space, potentially an important issue if space is restricted at your facility. Therefore, you must carefully consider:

Consolidation and storage requirements; Varying pickup times by recycling vendors (typically, vendors specify minimum collection volumes); Space requirements; Security access to loading docks; Required material handling equipment.

Evaluate local markets for recyclables

Research current prices, historical trends, and growth potential Research material markets 0 for the recyclable materials in your waste stream. Your government environmental departments and waste exchanges can provide you with I p. 1-16 much of the needed information. Resources p.28-31 ‘\ I Your local phone book may also have potential service providers, 13 listed under “Waste Management Services” or “Recycling Services”, and potential buyers listed under “Wastepaper” or “Recycling”. Worksheet 3.6 <

I ‘J

I are made from secondary or recycled 5ource5. The Xerox facility in I Webster, NY, avoided landfill disposal costs of nearly $3 5,000 by recycling existing asphalt into new Evaluate vendorslrecyclers sub-base material.

Each recycling vendor offers slightly different services, so it pays to shop around. The major considerations in evaluating vendors are: Checklist: Interview service providers 0

materials accepted; Arrange for vendors to visit price differences; your futility 0 pick-up schedules; equipment supplied; and, any special services offered or community considerations. /\ A list of questions to consider is provided in the Workbook, ,- (worksheet 3.8, page 20).

5 6 7 8 1 Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling 19 Interview a number of potential service providers. I here is a wide variety of types of services that can be offered, and each and every vendor differs slightly in their presentation, services included, cost of collection, etc.-there is a service provider out there with the right fit . for your facility. Your government environmental departments or waste Resource p.39-54 reduction organizations, again, will be able to provide you with some I recommendations regarding potential contacts.

When selecting a short list of potential vendors, be sure to request and investigate references. For the liability and reputation of your company-and the success of your program-it is essential that a reputable vendor is selected. Such a vendor is cognizant and respectful of relevant legislation, maintains a high level of customer satisfaction, and is honest.

If possible,arrange for a few vendors to visit your facility and present ideas to the team. Vendors are a good source of information on how to set up a program. Also, if your facility is large enough, you may want to bypass full-service recyclers and deal directly with processors for each type of recyclable. This will require more effort, but the financial returns could be higher.

20 Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling '4 ike any other business decision, the waste reduction program will L need to make good economic sense as well as good environmental sense. A feasibility study can help you finalize the design of your program. By analyzing the cost and benefits of the recycling opportunities, you can identify the most practical implementation schedule for your facility.

Determine investment requirements

Determine what investment will be required to successfully implement the program phases identified earlier.

While source reduction and reuse have few-if any-investment requirements, the implementation of a recycling program may require equipment and services to be purchased. Determining how much a Checklist: program will cost should take into consideration the cost of containers Estimate capital and start-up for collecting and storing recyclables, building modifications (for ex- costs ample, added storage space), and training and publicity costs. Estimate operational costs ... Purchased in bulk, ceramic mugs cost approxi- each, while polystyrene cups cost around $3.35 per employee per year (assuming one use per day). I 3 Estimate ongoing cost of operations

Collecting, storing, and maintaining the waste reduction program will require an ongoing commitment of effort and funding. Estimate the human resources required to maintain the program. This will include labor hours needed for tracking items available for reuse, collecting recyclables, maintaining storage facilities, and administering the program. /' \ A BenefitlCost Analysis Worksheet has been provided in the Work- Worksheet 4.1 book to help you estimate the operational costs associated with the program..

Quantify savings from avoided disposal costs

Use the estimated diversion rate, (through source reduction, reuse, Checklist: and recycling alternatives), calculated earlier, along with your waste- generation rates to determine the savings you can expect. The following Analyze market trends steps may be helpful: Calculate impact on disposal costs 0

Analyze waste disposal and tipping fee trends in your locality and project future disposal costs. Calculate the potential impact of the program on disposal costs. Examine the waste disposal contract to see if it needs to be renego- tiated to capture savings.

,1, . 2 3 -5 6 7 8 Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling 21 Also, the nature of the waste disposal contract will directly impact your potential savings. At this stage, it may be a good idea to inform your waste hauler of your intentions. If the current contract specifies a fixed rate and fixed schedule, check to see if renegotiation is possible.

Calculate potential revenues for each material

Calculate the expected monthly sales revenues based on current market conditions, for the materials you have identified for recycling.

Document environmental and conservation benefits

Quantify how much material will be diverted-i.e., paper, metal, wood, glass, plastics, and so on. Translate this into specific environmental I and conservation benefits to enhance employee motivation and enthu- Worksheet 4.2 siasm. Statistics detailing environmental benefits are provided in v I the Workbook. Prepare program specifications/justification

Summarize the results of your analysis, documenting the specifics of your program in terms of materials to be diverted through each implementation phase, and the related costs and benefits.

Get senior management buy-in

Successful waste reduction programs require active participation by all employees. Present the program specifications and justification (including policy, local laws, and employee and community concerns) to In Brazil, Xerox guaranteed site and facility management. that no toner waste will be disposed of in landfill. As a result, in 1997, I378 tons of toner waste were recycled. over 50 percent of their aluminum, glass, and paper. In these countries, raw materials are required only every second year for the production of paper and glass!

I 2 3 -5 6 7 8 22 IBusiness Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Design program

ith managerial buy-in and the feasibility analyses completed, the next step is to actually design the waste reduction program. This design will be based on the information that was discovered during the Analyze, Identify and Evaluate steps.

Survey premises and identify container locations Checklist: Determine locations for Survey each building in your facility to determine locations for intermediate bins 0 intermediate bins and central dumpsters. Identify where each type of Select central storage location 0 recyclable waste is generated and locate bins nearby. Locations for each container will depend on the available space in the building, local building fire codes, and other considerations. For instance, paper bins In one program, floor model should be placed near printers and copiers or in general office areas, waste receptacles are bins for cans and glass bottles should be located in break rooms and the removed from each employee workspace. In cafeteria. Corrugated cardboard dumpsters should be near a receiving return, employees are given dock where packages arrive. a one-litre size desktop garbage pail, and a floor Proper placement of containers encourages participation by making model recycling receptacle. This has proven to be an it easy for employees to recycle. Select individual receptacles for effective method of placement at each workstation. To encourage participation, it is helpful encouraging employees for each recyclables receptacle to be equal to or greater in size than the to reduce waste, and deskside waste receptacle. increase recycling practices.

Select and purchase an adequate number of inter- / \ mediate recycling bins. These bins should be placed in HelDfUl Hint "n\

is important to ensure that the bins meet your specifica- s is optimal. I tions. To discourage contamination, clearly mark the bins ' and be sure a trash can is located nearby. In this document, the following words While it is important that the bins are placed in a convenient designate the following types of containers: location for employee use, it is also important that these containers are Receptacle The personal workstation placed in an area where it will be easy to collect the recyclable materi- container for the disposal als. For example, locate bins close to entrances of rooms rather than of garbage or recyclables. having them tucked away in far corners. Also, be sure the bin can be handled when full of material (i.e., install wheels if it is too heavy to lift). Bin The intermediate recycling or garbage container, Select a central storage location in consultation with the vendor located at a convenient who will pick up the recyclable material. A preferred location is gener- distance to a number of ally by the service entrance, elevator, mail room, on the loading dock, or employees. any other area that meets the collection specifications of the hauler. Dumpster The central storage container used to hold consolidated material for ,.. Fifken percent of all landfill waste in the United collection by the hauler. made up of high-grade printing and writing paper.

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling I23 Select and procure containers

Select a standardized set of receptacles and bins to be used. You may choose different sizes and colors to denote different recyclables, and serve different purposes. Depending upon the options provided by your recycling handler, your vendor may agree to provide these containers to you.

At this point, order the containers necessary to satisfy the floor plan developed for container locations. Check with your local fire marshal and insurance company and safety and/or ergonomic officer for guidance. Select the type, size, and number of containers (office paper, aluminum beverage cans, PET bottles, etc.) depending upon space availability and pickup requirements. Recycling stickers and program logos which clearly designate acceptable materials should be placed on or near the containers.

Work with your vendors to select central storage dumpsters suitable for both parties. Generally, the generation rate, collection schedule, and storage area should help you determine the type of dumpster best Assign collection responsibility 0 suited to your facility.

Design collection routing system and schedule

Based on the size of the bins selected and the generation rate of recyclables, determine how and when bins will be emptied. Be sure to design your collection system to make it convenient for both your company and the collector. Involve the facilities staff, janitorial service and union reps in the planning and design.

Assign collection activities to certain personnel, and en- mixed with waste during the sure that those people have the necessary tools for collection process. collection (e.g., blue plastic bags, collection trolleys, etc). I

I out almost 2 million plastic toner caflridges every year. Laid end-to-end, that’s enough tostretch from London to Milan.

Acquire material handling equipment Checkllst:

Assess your material handling Moving and consolidating collected materials may require the use equipment needs of heavy equipment, such as storage containers (dumpsters and large crates), wheeled canvas bins or barrels, mail carts, handcarts, forklifts, balers, and shredders. Depending upon the requirements of your company as well as the service options offered by your waste handler, this equipment may be supplied by the recycling company. In discussion with your recycling vendor, assess your material handling equipment needs and whether or not any additional purchases are necessary.

4 II 24 IBusiness Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling mvge- space

Arrange for dock space to stage and store recyclables. Arrange dock space 01

Earlier analysis and design of your collection system will provide you with an idea of the quantity and timing of material scheduled to arrive at your loading docks. It is a good idea to arrange for ample dock space because the volumes of recyclables may fluctuate considerably and pickup schedules may not be precise - especially while program schedules are being honed. For some recyclables, security may be an added consideration. Good storage areas usually have the following: ample space; security; and, easy access to loading docks, material handling equipment, and a compactor or baler.

Now that the details of the program specifications have been agreed upon, formal contracts with recycling vendors should be established. Depending on the size of your facility, you may want to use a full-service vendor to pick up all of your recyclables or you may choose to contract out your recyclables individually. The following will help you establish a satisfactory vendor contract and good vendor relations.

Checklist: Determine pickup frequency Establish contact with vendors 0

Based on the expected volume of recyclable material, storage Determine collection frequency iJ considerations, and vendor requirements, determine how often the vendor will collect your material. 0 Determine period of contract [7 Determine length of contract Determine pricing structure

In many facilities, waste and recycling haulers are collecting the material in absence of a contract. This has both positive and negative aspects, including a tendency for the hauler to provide better service to the client due to decreased security, as well as a greater ability on behalf of the hauler to increase the price structure during low revenue cycles. Contracts can range from no contract to a 25-year contract with an evergreen clause. It is important that the contract you select meets your program and facility requirements and is agreeable to both parties. You may wish to start with either no contract or a short-term contract in order to evaluate program effectiveness.

It is important, however, to be aware of the ramifications of an evergreen clause. This type of clause allows the service provider, in the absence of notification of cancellation of services, to renew the contract for the provision of services. This renewal does not require any type of confirmation from your company.

Agree on pricing mechanism for recyclables

Based on market conditions for the material, determine a pricing structure that is agreeable to both parties.

I 2 3 4 -6 7 8 Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling I25 When setting up the pricing structure on recyclables, one of the most important points to remember is that recyclable materials are commodities. As with other commodities, prices frequently-and sometimes rapidly-rise and fall. Market conditions affecting these price swings include global trading patterns, economic trends, and major disasters.

The length of the contract should weigh heavily here-the longer the contract length, the more likely a fluctuating revenue ratio can be negotiated. Generally, it is a good idea to use a floating price that is tied to the market value of the material-but has a guaranteed minimum floor price. In this scenario, protection is given to both parties to ensure that the profits based on a fluctuating revenue stream from the sale of recyclables will not negatively affect either the hauler (who would otherwise increase overall service rates to protect themselves from falling revenues) or your own company (who will then share in the revenues when the material becomes valuable).

Develop revenue handling and reporting procedures

Ensure that appropriate controls are in place for receiving revenue from vendors. Set up procedures for accurate record keeping and revenue and expense reconciliation. Make sure the vendor supplies details, quantity, and dollar amounts, and adheres to hidher agreement.

Not only will this ensure that proper audit controls are in place, but it will also help provide information for evaluating the effectiveness of your program and opportunities for continuous improvement.

Develop monitoring network

Assign responsibility for specific areas to individuals on the team. Responsibilities will include:

Monitoring quality and quantity of material(s) collected. A Disseminating information. I Interfacing with participants. Worksheet 5.4 Alerting team leader to problems and needs.

Schedule program roll-out

Based on a time following when program materials are scheduled to arrive, select a day to launch the program. Distribution of promotional and educational materials can be planned around this date.

Depending on the size of your program and the materials you choose to recycle, you may want to run a pilot program to address problem areas before bringing the entire facility online.

2 3 4 -6 7 8 26 Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling successful recycling program requires healthy participation by employees. If employees do not participate or if they do not know what materials to recycle, the waste reduction program will not be as effective as it could be. Employee empowerment, motivation and education are the keys to the success of any waste reduction program, and can be achieved through several venues.

Design and procure educational and promotional materials

Design program logos, slogans, recycling wheels, posters, and Checklist: stickers. Order the materials ahead of time so they will be available before your anticipated program launch date. Design and order program materials 0

It is a good idea to use promotional materials that exhibit your program’s environmental goals. For example, use minimal packaging and print on recycled paper.

Demonstrating senior management’s commitment will influence other staff members to participate in the program. This can occur through having a senior manager write the program’s kick-off memo and/or by using senior management in the education process. For ex- I 6.1,6.2 ample, you may include a picture in your promotional materials of top Worksheets 6.3 administrators emptying their personal recycling receptacles into the I intermediate recycling bins.

Checklist:

Design employee presentation OI

Plan and schedule training and education sessions

Training should be a priority in the development of any new program. This will raise individual awareness,and encourage responsibility ,,’ ’\ and pride in the reduction of waste and the conservation of our natural Worksheet 6.4 resources. Training should be provided to all employees and facility I operations management.

Each team member should be assigned the responsibility of training their own section or department in the facility. Their knowledge and enthusiasm will help generate the interest and commitment of their colleagues.

(1 I I 2 3 4 S -7 8 Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling I27 Design a short presentation on how the program works. Sched- ule an initial session to correspond with the launch date. The presentation should include an overview of the program operation, source reduction and reuse opportunities, descriptions of recyclable -'> I and non-recyclable materials, displays of collection equipment, and con- Worksheet 6.4 vincing facts about why each employee should participate. Examples

I of these facts can be found in the Workbook.

For the employees, training should generate interest; address personal, global and corporate benefits; and, provide program details. Management should be educated on company policy; understand the The Venray Xerox RCT team produced value of the program; and be aware of any cost, time, resource, and video, outlining the space implications of the program. " collection, segregation and recycling processes of Xerox component materials, to be used for environmental awareness I staff training on relevant environmental i55ue5. training and promoting I Xerox material recycling initiatives.

Integrate program education into new hire orientation

The presentation developed for employees is also suitable for new hire orientation. Make sure that all new employees are informed and educated about the operation of the waste reduction program, as well ? as their roles and responsibilities within the program.

3 4 I -7 8 28 Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling mplementation of the program can be accomplished with or without a pilot program. Starting with a pilot program can be beneficial, particularly if you are recycling a number of materials. Regardless of which method you choose, the activities suggested here will help ensure a successful program launch.

Promote launch of new waste management program

Prior promotion of the waste reduction program is essential. A Checklist: countdown to the launch of the program is one of the most effective methods of highlighting the requirements of the waste reduction pro- Promote launch of waste gram prior to implementation, and ensuring that a relatively reduction program contaminant-free stream is received from the very beginning-before bad habits can be formed. Distribute employee recycling containers Distribute personal recycling receptacles

One of the key features of a successful waste reduction program is to make the program as convenient, or more convenient, than the option for garbage disposal. Since it is common practice for employees to discard their garbage at their workstation, personal receptacles for recyclables should also be provided for each workstation.

To minimize the workload impact of recycling on custodial and maintenance services, some facilities require all employees to empty their individual garbage and/or recycling receptacles into central bins. This serves to educate employees, as it enforces the practice of proper recycling.

Begin collecting recyclables and monitor results

When your program begins, it is important to do some follow-up Checklist: to ensure that your program is running smoothly. This follow-up should include the following: Ensure material is picked up 0 regularly

Ensure the regular collection of material based on the predicted Maintain financial and volume. generation records 0 Maintain accurate records so that financial information can be presented to the team and upper management when you are assess- ing your program’s success.

85% of its waste 7 worldwide as a result of its waste reduction programs.

3 4 5 6 -8 Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling I29 Ensure systems and procedures are in place

As a review,when your program is launched the following elements need to be in place:

Containers situated according to plan. Stickers and emblems on containers. Custodial services have floor plan. Custodians trained on recycling. Individual receptacles and kick-off memos distributed. Dumpsters located at staging area. Contract established with vendor, including price structure and pick up schedule. Systems set up for record keeping to track program success. Employees trained on basics of recycling and provided with team contact information. Method of sharing program results with all participants.

Develop contingency plans

Develop contingency plans 0 Low participation rates, high contamination levels, and unstable markets are all potential threats to your waste reduction program’s success. Therefore, you may want to develop some contingency plans that

i address these possibilities. These plans may include further education, Worksheet 7.1 and an understanding with management that the economic benefits of the program may be unstable.

’ 2 3 4 5 6 -8 30 Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling nce the waste reduction program has been implemented, it is 0important to the program's continuing success to regularly monitor and improve the program. To do so, goals should be set that are as high as realistically possible,and measurable (e.g., 80% reduction in the quantity of material landfilled).

The activities discussed here will help you monitor program success and highlight opportunities for continuous improvement.

Develop ongoing program publicity plan Checklist:

Develop ideas to ensure that It is inevitable that your recycling program will need an occasional 0 promotion remains dynamic boost to motivate employees to continue to reduce waste. One of the key methods used by many companies to encourage program participa- Determine phase-in schedule 0 tion is to keep promotion and education campaigns dynamic. By continually changing the graphics and/or message of the program, team members ensure that the promotion-and therefore the program- , never becomes stale for the employees. Develop ideas at this stage, Worksheet 8,l and determine how they will be phased in over time. Ideas include: c

Highlight efforts of diligent recyclers. Encourage employee ideas. Boost employee participation with incentives and education. Xerox informs all employees regarding Send regular e-mail messages, (i.e.,"environmental tip of the day"). the progress of their Create screen savers with a green theme. waste reduction pro- Participate in recycling conferences. gram through regular newsletters, e-mail messages, Show waste audit video. recognition programs, annual environmental reports, and Stabilize program operations Earth Awards.

/\ Work with collection crews, team members, and participants to adjust for any problems that may arise in the program's start-up activi- Worksheet 8.2 ' ties. Keep in close contact with vendors regarding the quality of materials, I pick-up frequency, and other issues.

Encourage employees to ask questions and report problems to Checklist: the team network. This will aid in fine-tuning the system and will fur- Solve start-up problems 0 ther encourage employee participation. Keep in contact with vendors 0

Measure and monitor results Encourage questions and problem reporting 0 Track recovery rates, participation, and program finances. Measurements should be developed to show your program's Track program results 0 performance over time since source reduction efforts will decrease recycling revenues. It is important to keep careful records of material , quantities, recovery rates (as a percentage of the total waste stream), Worksheet 8.3 ' revenue from recyclables, program expenses, and waste disposal costs. I

I. 2 3 4 5 6 7 Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling I3 1 All measurements should be in accordance with any quarterly reporting guidelines established by corporate management. You may wish to monitor additional factors such as employee participation, which can be done via employee surveys (use electronic mail, if possible) and through periodic up-date waste audits.

Develop audit procedures

The recovery and disposal numbers will provide a good indication of how well your program is progressing. However, it is still a good idea to regularly survey or audit your program-perhaps on an annual basis- and note any problems or opportunities for potential improvement. In addition, develop an avenue for employee input. A suggestion form via electronic mail, in a monthly newsletter, or an environmental suggestion box would serve your purpose.

People who manage many sites, such as a regional facilities manager, or those responsible for company or country-wide recycling programs, may wish to do more formal recycling update surveys and facility update audits.

Hold regular team meetings

Progress data should be collected and presented to the team at monthly meetings. Other matters which should be discussed at the monthly meetings include new waste minimization strategies, new markets for recyclables, training new employees, program expansion, and all other important data relating to the constantly changing recycling business. Once the waste reduction program is well under way, the team can focus on more sophisticated environmental issues such as purchasing recycled products, energy conservation, and employee transportation.

Publicize results

Make regular program reports to both participants and site management.

Program success (either financial or otherwise) should be highlighted to all employees. Since each and every member of your company has participated in the success of your program, it is important that all employees receive recognition of their involvement through regular reporting on the quantity of material reduced through the source separation, reuse and recycling elements of your program. This may be done via bulletin boards, newsletters, or memos to building occupants.To demonstrate source reduction, the electronic mail network should be used where feasible. If your results are particularly good, you may wish to involve the public relations staff to give your program more visibility.

I seek out environmentally preferred products. I

1. 2 3 4 I 6 7 32 Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Reward and recognition

To encourage continued participation in the waste reduction Checklist: program, it is recommended that employees and teams be recognized and rewarded for their accomplishments. Funding for the program may Recognize/reward exemplary be provided by the site or facilities management, or by the revenues accomplishments I from the recycling program itself. The reward and recognition program should be kept simple with categories that are easily measurable.

Rewards and recognition are suggested at three levels: local,group/ region, and corporate.

LOCAL The local program should recognize individuals, to build interest in the program. Suggested ideas are: accomplishments of Team members given a promotional t-shirt, cap, andlor mug. -7’ both individuals and Team has an annual recognition luncheonlouting. teams within the company, by giving earth awards for 9 Outstanding participant or team member achievement Innovation, Resource recognized by site management and submitted to corporate Conservation, Community for consideration of further acknowledgment. Involvement, Source Supplierlvendor recognized for outstanding accomplishment, Reduction, Environmental innovation, or contribution. Leadership, and Energy Conservation.

Earth award criteria include REG,ONAL Teams within a large complex are encouraged to develop friendly competition among themselves. Rewards/recog- most innovation, direct benefit to company, duration, nition should be at a team level. All awards, recipient names, and documention of results, achievements should be sent to a central coordinator to be considered measurable results, activity for further recognition and acknowledgment in company publications. within two years, and no Suggested regional categories are: previously honored Most innovative team waste management contribution. nominations. Team with most continuous improvement. Best site traininglteam building program.

From the required submissions on recycling progress and reports highlighting outstanding achievements and/ or innovations, corporate management can provide individuaVgroup awards through a recognition program. Also, your team can submit success stories to IocaVnational environmental organizations for additional public recognition.

Evaluate opportunities for continuous improvement

The team should continuously assess the success of the program Checklist: and plan ways to improve. There are many fronts where improvement can occur, including material quality/purity, participation rates, and types Assess and improve program of material collected. Since an increase in the types of material collected Undergo benchmarking exercise 0 should not come at the expense of the quality of materials already being collected, the team should be aware of how these factors interrelate.

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling 33 Benchmarking is an excellent way to get ideas for continuous improvement. Find out how other groups in your company are doing, read relevant periodicals, become involved in applicable organizations, learn from the recycling leaders in your community, and adapt the best practices to your situation.

. ., . 5 6 7 . 4 f,. ' .' . . 34 IBusiness Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Green Workplace - Waste Free Products from Waste Free Facilities

" mplementing a waste reduction program is an important step towards Iimproved environmental performance. Given the numerous ways businesses impact the environment-through purchasing, manufacturing,and resource consumption, waste reduction is just one of many potential environmental measures. This section will highlight further initiatives your business can take towards sustainability by revising existing management practices.

Waste free facilities

Waste free facilities, those diverting 90% of their baseline waste, address a variety of management issues ranging from the reduction of Sustalnable development solid waste generated, to the reduction of energy and water usage. meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future genera- Many businesses are finding the practice of sustainability to be very tions to meet their own needs. profitable, as these measures reduce operational costs and avoid overuse fines. Throughout the following section, you will find many ideas to help increase your corporate profits while reducing your corporate impact on the environment.

Pureh asi ng

Waste reduction and recycling addresses half of the waste problem, by reducing waste going to landfill and ensuring a reliable supply of materials for recycling markets. However, recyclable materials are commodities, and like other commodities, a lack of demand will decrease the value of the recyclable materials. This will, in turn, render the practice of recycling too costly to consider as a viable business option.

In recent years, the popularity and success of recycling programs in businesses and communities has more than doubled the supply of recycled purchased 180,000 pounds of materials available in North America. However, the demand for recycled 70 percent recycled- products has not kept pace with the supply, resulting in a glut of certain content metal and recycled materials in many geographic areas. plastic electrical equipment, and 578 million pounds of Two important measures can correct this supply/demand imbalance: recycled-content off ice supplies. Practicing source reduction to put less pressure on recycling markets from the supply side. Closing the loop by purchasing products made from post-consumer recycled materials to ensure a demand for recycled products.

The three arrows of the familiar recycling symbol signify the three steps of the recycling process: collection, processing, and resale. For recycling to succeed, there must be a demand for products made out of recycled materials. If you're not buying recycled,you're not recycling.

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling I35 Buying recycled products also saves resources, such as landfills,virgin fiber,and fossil fuels,as well as the pollution generated in the manufacturing process. Products made out of recycled materials range from all types of paper products, such as bathroom tissue, or printing and copier paper, to building materials such as lumber and carpeting.

Environmental purchasing policies

The best way to encourage people to close the recycling loop is to develop purchasing policies and guidelines which specify products with recycled materials and that are produced in an environmentally friendly manner. Here are some potential guidelines:

Give preference to products with as high a proportion of recycled content and post-consumer waste as feasible. Choose products that contain little or no toxic substances and minimize pollution in the manufacturing process (e.g., water-based markers and aqueous cleaners. Precycle - choose products that are more easily recyclable. For example, white paper instead of colored paper and corrugated board instead of plastic packaging. Buy products that are designed for reuse as opposed to one use. For example, rechargeable batteries and reusable mugs. Choose products that consume fewer resources in their manufacture, use,and packaging. For example,two-sided copying and printing equipment, more fuel-efficient vehicles, and bulk purchases that require less packaging.

Undertaking a “purchase/recycle” program does not necessarily mean you must pay more for material of lesser quality. Some recycled materials do cost more, but others cost less and are of higher quality.

Energy conservation

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has initiated the Green Lights program to promote energy conservation. The program, which Xerox has joined, develops partnerships among consumers, utili- ties, and manufacturers of lighting equipment to conserve energy. According to the EPA, every million dollar savings in energy, on average, reduces carbon dioxide emissions by I6 million pounds, sulfur dioxide emissions by I 17,000 pounds, and nitrous oxides emissions by 62,000 pounds. While your government may not sponsor such a program, the implementation of energy conservation measures makes good business sense.

36 IBusiness Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Some successful energy conservation techniques include use of compact fluorescent lighting, installation of motion detectors to control lighting,and general upgradingof heating and air conditioning systems. (3 Other energy conservation measures include:

Turn off lights whenever a room is unoccupied. Power down your workstation and other equipment when not in Resource p.73 { use (overnight, weekends). I Use stand-by modes on all equipment, whenever possible. Take public transit, vanpool, carpool, or ride a bicycle to work whenever possible. Carpool while travelling on business. Take the stairs rather than the elevator. (It’s good exercise!) The Xerox Green Close window shades at night to minimize heat loss. Power Supply Team redesigned an existin Have the heatinglair conditioning system regularly serviced switchcircuit to enable ‘ to ensure efficient operation. the 5028F to shut down to Lower the thermostat on the hot water tank to a maximum of minimal power after a user- defined time period-thereby 4 I (I06°F). “C using considerably less power Seal any cracks or holes in your building to minimize heat loss in at customer locations. the winter. Install revolving doors in areas of high traffic. Review all lighting requirements and remove any lamps that are not required.

the equipment off when iti5 not in u5e. I I security around the -- 7J bike sheds and adding more capacity for bike Water conservation measures parking, the Venray Cycling Promotion team encouraged a growth of approximately Areas with water shortages have inspired water conservation 30% in the number of people measures through the examination of their manufacturing processes. cycling to work in 1995. This While current rates are very low, a leak as small as a pinhead can cost has saved at least 550,000 your facility as much as $200 per year. miles worth of air pollution that would have been caused by car exhaust emissions. To help combat these costs, many corporations have installed motion-sensors in their washroom faucets. This ensures that all faucets are fully turned off after use. Other successful water saving ideas include:

Following the principles of xeriscaping-the use of drought-resistant, native plants and waste conservation techniques in all landscaping designs, (see Glossareage 49). Maintain all lawns and gardens properly, by regularly aerating, top dressing, and following proper mowing procedures (i.e., by cutting grass to no less than 5-8 centimeters or 2-3 inches in length). Revise maintenance contracts so that gardens and lawns are watered only when needed (i.e., when the leaves begin to curl).

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling 37 Review the frequency and timing of automatic sprinkler systems, and ensure that the system is turned off following rainstorms. Use mulches on all gardens to reduce water loss through evapo- ration, and mulch grass directly onto the lawn for further fertilizing. Install toilet dams in all toilet reservoirs, or install low-flow toilets. Install watepefficient dishwashers in cafeterias and, if applicable, laundry machines-and only run the machines when there is a full load.

Hazardous waste reduction In Webster, New York, Xerox realized General hazardous waste issues have already been addressed in that they were Section 3 (p. 18) of the Guide,through the identification of opportunities disposing 15,000 pounds for material substitution. While the proper management of all hazardous of Methyl Ethyl Ketone per month. By installing a waste is an issue that must be addressed, there recently has been a molecular sieve to capture particular emphasis on the elimination and management of this material, reclaimed MEK chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other ozone-depleting substances. could be used in place of These substances are commonly used in manufacturing, product packaging, virgin MEK. This program has refrigeration, and air conditioning systems. CFCs, and other chlorinated reduced MEK waste disposal to 5,600 pounds per month, solvents, contribute to the rapid destruction of the ozone layer in the resulting in savings of upper atmosphere, a layer which protects the planet by filtering out $247,000 from September harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun. There are many alternatives 1991 to December 1996. now available which help avoid the use of these chemicals. For example, soap and water or other aqueous cleaners can be used in some applications.

Xerox has taken many steps to eliminate the use of ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons in packaging and service materials. Plans call for the complete phase-out of such substances in manufacturing and service operations well ahead of regulatory deadlines. By replacing chemical solvents with citric acid and water-based cleaners, Xerox is able to avoid I .5 million pounds of chlorinated hydrocarbon waste annually, with an associated one-half million pounds in air emissions. In the spirit of continuous improvement, Xerox has developed a carbon dioxide (CO,) based cleaning process which appears even more effective than citric acid-based cleaners. In addition, CO, by-product used in the cleaning process is generated from a different, existing production process.

The pervasive use of CFCs in refrigeration and air conditioning systems is an industry-wide problem for which the air conditioning and refrigeration industry is actively pursuing substitutes. The best the average business or consumer can do at this time, without sacrificing convenience, is to minimize usage through conservation, and ensure that the CFCs in the systems you use (such as vehicle air conditioners) or your business are recycled responsibly, in accordance with the law. You can also be on the lookout for improved recycling systems and technologies, as well as for substitutes to CFCs.

38 IBusiness Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling ste tree proaucts

Sustainable development extends beyond the physical boundries (3 of your facility. By focusing efforts outwards, resulting product stewardship initiatives will prepare your company to meet the needs of the future, while increasing your marketability in the present.

Product stewardship is a growing concept,on the verge of becoming a business norm. However, Xerox has been practicing product stewardship for years. Through initiatives such as designing their products for the environment, using effective labelling, and developing a returns channe1,Xerox has found that environmental and economic sustainability can be co-dependent.

Following are descriptions of some of the areas where product were designed with stewardship is possible. While each product will differ according to the environmental features. types of stewardship programs that can be implemented, the following By 1991, this had increased discussion may give you some ideas for implementation by your company. to 70%.

of packaging waste is generated peryear. That's I enough to fill almost 19,000jumbojets. I

Designing products for environmental performance

To decrease the impact a particular product has on the environment, it can be assessed according to life cycle analysis procedures, by examining its environmental impact from raw materials and production to use and final disposal. By adopting a life cycle approach, you can design environmental quality into the product at conception. This uses a cleaner manufacturing process, minimizes the product's impact on the environment and can provide savings through remanufacturing, parts recovery, and recycling. Xerox has built this type of environmental design into a number of their products, including paper,toner cartridges, and packaging.

Paper High-speed, cut-sheet copiers and printers require high-quality paper to avoid paper jams and to maintain high image quality. In response to the worldwide demand for recycled paper, Xerox has developed several recycled papers for use in Xerox equipment. The Xerox recycled papers range from a paper with 50 percent recycled fibers and IO percent post-consumer waste in North America to a European paper that uses IO0 percent recycled fibers (and produced without bleaches or optical brighteners).

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling 39 Plastics The market for recycled plastics is still in its infancy. To stimulate the demand for recycled plastics, Xerox has tested plastics for toner containers and is planning to utilize commercially-sourced, recycled plastic in its consumables packaging. Xerox is also working to make its plastic packaging recyclable by adding the Society of the Plastics Industry recycling symbols to recyclable containers. Each symbol has a number which identifies the type of plastic used.

Polyethylene Terephthalate Low Density Polyethylene A rigid, transparent plastic resistant to Commonly used as clear wraps or bags, chemicals and moisture; common usage is supermarket produce bags, and breadwraps. soft drink bottles. Can withstand heat; used in stovetop bags. Also abbreviated as PET.

High Density Polyethylene Polypropylene Commonly used for milkjugs, heavy-duty Commonly used in syrup bottles and yogurt trash bags, buttertubs, bleach bottles, containers and some containers for and base cups for large soft drink bottles. detergents, shampoos and medicines, as well Opaque and stronger than LDPE. as screw-on caps and food lids.

Polyvinyl Chloride Polystyrene Used in shampoo bottles, detergent bottles, Two types: crystal (clear plastic cups) and food wraps, cooking oil bottles and water foam (coffee CUPS, packing material, bottles. PVC is an excellent barrier to gas and fastfood clamshells). HCFC and pentane are liquid. Burning produces toxic gases. used as blowing agents for the foam type.

Other mixed resins All other resins. NOTE The Benelux countries (Belgium, The Netherlands,and Luxembourg) have a slightly /L modified symbol to comply with trademark laws. The number is enclosed in a circle.

Packaging Perhaps nothing is more ripe for environmental innovation than packaging. Environmentally friendly packaging is available today that includes post-consumer waste content, is made from easily recyclable materials, and is reusable. In addition, expanded polystyrene products are now available that are both recycled and CFC-free.

Xerox has spearheaded several packaging innovations. By working with suppliers, Xerox has developed environmentally friendly packaging that includes recycled content and is reusable. For the outside printed surface of white supply cartons,Xerox pioneered the use of"Eco-White", which is made from repulped office waste paper. Xerox corrugated brown cartons are made, in part, from recycled mixed waste paper. In addition, Xerox has standardized all supplier packaging and pallets company-wide. This facilitates their reuse and avoids up to 10,000 tons of waste annually.

40 Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling With the current enthusiasm for protecting the environment, many Xerox, in an suppliers claim that their products are environmentally friendly or"green". effort to In the absence of environmental labelling standards, however, it is often increase the I difficult to determine which products truly are environmentally safe. In sustainability of response, government agencies such as the United States EPA and FTC their products, has designed their have proposed regulating the use of the recycled and recyclable sym- photocopiers, copy and bols. A California labelling law requires that any product sold as recycled print cartridges, fax include at least IO percent of post-consumer waste. machines, and printers for disassembly so that parts It can be complicated and time-consuming to define environmen- can be reused in new products. Through the tally friendly criteria and then determine which products meet them. reuselremanufacturing of The European Community has finalized an eco-label to promote "green" their copiers alone in 1996, products. Modeled on the German Blue Angel program, chosen prod- Xerox conserved over 75 ucts will be produced with a cradle-to-grave approach to reduce their million pounds of metal. environmental impact at all stages of the product lifecycle. Canada, Japan, Scandinavia, and New Zealand have similar environmental labelling programs. The United States initiatives include Scientific Certification Systems (formerly Green Cross) and Green Seal labels. These environmental labels objectively supplement the specific labelling claims, such as recycled content, recyclability, and so on. They also minimize the amount of research required by individual consumers to identify products which are truly environmental.

"3 Environmental Labels: **** Recycling Labels:

Means contains recycled material UNITED STATES UNITED STATES Green Seal EUROPEAN ECONOMIC EPA'5 Energy 5tar Product life cycle approach COMMUNITY EcoLabel

Means recyclable

INTERNATIONAL Soy Ink 5ymbol CANADA JAPAN Environmental Choice EcoMark

Means contains recycled material and is recyclable

SWEDEN Blue Angel White Swan

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling 41 Returns channel

By designing products for disassembly, a pool of inexpensive components and materials is thus created. To access this pool, however, materials have to be returned to the producer.

\7 packaging for the Return and recycle programs for commonly used copy cartridges environment, Xerox’s manufacturing team has are in place in the U.S. and Canada, as well as in many European and Latin designed a returns system American countries. Many Xerox products are now being designed for whereby 3 5% of plastic disassembly and reuse by Xerox. Such products range from toner car- containers and inserts are tridges to digital copiers. returnable, 10% of carts are either returnable or eliminated, 43% of By retaining this type of control over their own products, Xerox corrugated is returnable, can assess any returned equipment according to the original equipment and I I%of vendor specifications and, according to their evaluation, channel these compo- packaging is recyclable. nents for reuse or recycling. In this way, Xerox can maintain their high quality standards while protecting the impact of their products on the environment.

42 Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Asset recovery At Xerox, the process of recycling excess/surplus, obsolete, ~~ ~ cancelled, used or unserviceable assets to the most economical level of demand, while assuring that the functional and cosmetic quality standards are achieved.

baler A machine in which materials are compacted to reduce volume and transportation costs.

bin In this document, a bin is the intermediate recycling or garbage container, located at a convenient distance to a number of employees.

biodegradable Capable of being broken down by bacteria into basic elements and compounds.

bleaching The process of chemically treating paper pulp to alter its color so that the pulp has a higher brightness.

Blue Angel A German initiative to establish categories, set guidelines, test products, and grant the use of its “environment friendly” logo. Helps consumers identify products that are energy-efficient, use recycled or recyclable materials, minimize use of hazardous substances, and reduce pollution (including noise pollution). chlorofluorocarbons Chlorine-based compounds used commonly as aerosol propel- (CFCs) lants, as coolants in refrigerators and air conditioning, in fire extinguishers, in solvents, and in the production of insulating foam packaging. CFCs contribute to destruction of the protective ozone layer in the stratosphere.

commercial waste The waste, including trash and garbage, generated by businesses.

commingled Recyclable wastes that are mixed together for collection purposes. Commingled material is not recyclable unless separated after collection.

compactor Any power-driven mechanical equipment designed to compress waste materials. Usually attached to an enclosed roll-off container.

composting Natural breakdown of organic matter such as leaves and yard waste into humus, a soil-like product rich in slow-release nutrients.

conservation Activities designed to increase the efficiency of using a resource or to protect it; may refer to material, energy, and water conservation, or wildlife protection.

contaminant An unwanted or undesirable component of a product or process that diminishes its recyclability or utility.

corrugated Paper products made from stiff pasteboard formed into fluted ridges and grooves, including kraft paper with ruffled inner liner. Corrugated does not include paperboard such as cereal boxes.

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling I 43 LKUs Lustomer replacement units such as copy and print cartridges.

cullet Glass that has been processed for reuse by crushing into small pieces and removing paper and metal contamination.

deinking A process in which some portion of the ink, filler, coating and other extraneous (non-cellulose) material is removed from printed and/or unprinted paper.

densification Processing of materials to make them more dense, such as compacting trash, crushing glass, and baling paper.

disposables Consumer products, items, and packaging used once for a few times and discarded.

disposal Discarding of materials, waste, or environmentally controlled material that has no significant recyclable value.

diversion The redirection of materials from disposal by reduction, reuse, recycling and composting programs.

diversion rate The percent of waste diverted from landfills or incineration via reduction, reuse, recycling or composting.

drop-off recycling center A facility that accepts solid waste or materials from a solid waste generator for the purpose of recycling or composting without paying a fee to the solid waste generator.

dumpster In this document, a dumpster is the central storage container used to hold consolidated material for collection by the hauler.

dunnage Packaging material used to contain and protect parts prior to use in the manufacturing process. Specifically, corrugated containers that may be reused and recycled.

ecosystem A self-sustaining and self-regulating community of organisms interacting with each other and the environment.

energy recovery A process in which waste material is burned, reducing the volume of the waste and producing steam for heating or generating electricity.*

environment Combination of external conditions influencing the life of an individual or population.

environment-friendly products Products that do not have a negative impact on the environment; should include consideration of production, packaging, use, and disposal.

Environmental Choice Program A Canadian initiative to establish categories, set guidelines, test products, and grant the use of its ecologo. Helps consumers identify products that maximize energy efficiency, use recycled or recyclable materials, and minimize use of hazardous substances.

44 IBusiness Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling envt”enrai iaDeii1ng Aaistinct mary writing, or symbol that helps consumers identity products that are energy efficient, use recycled or recyclable materials, and minimize use of hazardous substances. Examples are recycled or recyclable marks, and the Blue Angel, Green Seal, 3 and EcoMark certification labels.

expanded polystyrene A polystyrene foam commonly known by the trade name (EPS) StyrofoamTM.It is very light and bulky, therefore more difficult to recycle unless compacted.

fiber The unit cell of vegetable growth derived from wood, cotton, and so on. Usually many times longer than its diameter. The basic physical unit of paper pulps.

food waste All animal and vegetable solid wastes arising from food facilities, or from residences, that result from the storage, preparation, cooking, or handling of food.

green consumerism “Green” is a term coined in Europe to refer to environmentally conscious politics and lifestyle. Green consumerism involves making purchasing decisions based on environmental concerns, and implies a rejection of wasteful consumption.

Green Cross See Scientific Certification Systems.

Green Seal A U.S. product labelling initiative to identify environmentally- friendly products, set standards, and certify products that meet established criteria for low life cycle impact.

green waste See yard waste.

hauler A transporter of material from one location to another (for example, recyclable material from a collection site to a recycling fac iI ity) .

hazardous waste Waste material in a form and quantity which may pose a hazard to human health or the environment and therefore, has been classified as a hazardous waste by an applicable regulatory agency. Hazardous wastes are subject to special handling, recycling and disposal requirements.*

high-density polyethylene A type of plastic commonly used to make milk jugs and other rigid, (HDPE) plastic bottles.

hydroc h I orofluo rocarbons One of the replacement chemicals for chlorofluorocarbons (HCFC’s) (CFCs); ozone-depleting potential only a fraction of CFC- 12.

incineration The process of waste volume reduction by combustion.*

industrial wastes Waste material that is generated at a manufacturing or production facility, which has not been designated by an applicable regulatory agency as hazardous. However, its form and quantity may pose a hazard to human health or the environment and is therefore subject to special handling, recycling and disposal requirements.*

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling a 45 integrated solid waste management I he practice ot disposing ot solid waste by using several complementary components, such as source reduction, reuse, recycling, composting, energy recovery, incineration, and landfilling.

kraft A process for making virgin fiber by a chemical digestion process, used in the manufacture of "kraft" products such as grocery bags, corrugated boxes, and milk cartons.

landfill or landfilling Disposal of a waste material in or on the land at a designated or licensed location, where it is permitted to dispose of non-hazardous waste.*

low-density polyethylene (LDPE) A type of plastic commonly used in plastic wraps.

life cycle analysis An analytical process that quantifies environmental impact (including resources and energy used and released to the environment) for the entire life of a package or product, starting with raw materials and including all processing and transportation, as well as product use and disposal.

material recovery facility A solid waste facility which sorts or separates solid wastes or (MW materials for the purposes of recycling, reuse or composting.

mixed paper A variety of waste paper that has not been separated by type and or mixed waste paper does not contain food waste or other major contaminants. It can include unsorted office papers, newspapers, magazines, envelopes , direct mail items, and so on.

multi-resin A multilayer product consisting of several layers of plastic. The squeezable ketchup and mustard containers are made this way and may contain up to IO layers of plastic.

municipal solid waste (MSW) All the garbage your community has to handle.

non-recyclable waste Waste not included in the categories of hazardous, industrial, special, or recyclable, which is generated by a facility and cannot readily be recycled in a given geographic area. This includes, but is not limited to, garbage, food waste, cafeteria waste, and mixed packaging.*

ozone (stratospheric) Layer of gaseous ozone in the stratospheric atmosphere that protects life on earth by filtering out harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun.

ozone (tropospheric) A chemical oxidant and major component of photochemical smog. Ozone at this layer can seriously affect the human respiratory system. Ozone in the troposphere is produced through complex chemical reactions of nitrogen oxides, which are among the primary pollutants emitted by combustion sources.

ozone-friendly products The term industry uses for products no longer containing ozone- destroying CFCs. Chemicals substituted for CFCs may still deplete the ozone layer or have other negative environmental properties.

packaging Materials such as plastic, foam, corrugated board, molded pulp, and paper that are used to contain, protect, and transport products.

46 Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling P- P- AP’\ shipments, bales, or other large items. (Also known as a “skid”). polyethylene terephthalate A type of plastic commonly used in transparent plastic soda (PET or PETE) bottles.

polystyrene A plastic composed solely of hydrogen and carbon atoms, which is made from a by-product of the petroleum and natural gas distilla- tion process. It is formed as a solid glass-like resin that can be made into a transparent sheet, containers, or formed into shapes (also see Expanded Polystyrene).

post-consumer waste Any product that has been used by a consumer and has served its intended purpose. Post-consumer waste may or may not be recyclable. pre-consumer waste paper Recyclable waste from the production of preprinted forms, greeting cards, folding cartons, or other publications such as books and magazines.

product life cycle Complete product cycle including manufacture, packaging, transportation, use and disposal.

receptacle In this document, a receptacle is the personal workstation container for the disposal of garbage or recyclables.

recovery rate the percent of usable recycled materials removed from the waste stream in a specific area or by a specific business.

recyclable A product or material that can be reused or recycled.

recyclable wastes Waste generated by a facility, not included in the categories of (or recyclables) hazardous, industrial, or special recyclable, which can be readily recycled. It includes, but is not limited to, paper, plastic, corrugated cardboard, wood, glass, and metal.*

recycle The process of reusing an item by converting it to another state or by reclaiming valuable resources for another use.*

recycled fiber Cellulose fiber reclaimed from waste materials and reused, sometimes with a minor portion of virgin materials, to produce new paper.

remanufacturing At Xerox, the manufacturing process of recycling a machine or part by disassembling to a predetermined standard with defective components replaced by new, reprocessed, or used components. Before being tested, inspected and tested to newly manufactured machine test standards, the equipment is cleaned and refinished and all retrofits deemed by Xerox as field mandatory installed.

resin Additives which transform a polymer into a plastic resin include colorants, flame retardants, heat or light stabilizers, antioxidants, and lubricants in addition to plasticizers. A plastic type such as PET/PETE.

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling I47 resource recovery I he extraction and use ot materials and energy trom the waste stream. Materials are used in manufacturing new products or converted into some form of fuel or energy.

reuse Using an item again for its original purpose or for a new purpose, rather than throwing it away without any treatment or modification.*

sanitary landfill A method of disposing of refuse on land that is designed to minimize hazards to public health and safety.

Scientific Certification System A U.S. product labelling initiative that certifies the environmental (formerly Green Cross) claims of manufacturers and identifies environmentally friendly products.

separation The sorting of mixed recyclable materials. See source separation.

solid waste Any garbage, refuse, trash, dry sludge, or material that is discarded or abandoned and is intended for disposal.

solid waste management The systematic administration of activities that provide for the collection, source separation, storage, transportation, transfer, processing, treatment, and disposal of solid waste.

source reduction Any action that prevents the generation of solid waste, such as purchase or production of items in just the quantity needed, and items that use less material, have a longer life and can be readily recycled.*

source separation The segregation of various potentially recyclable materials from the waste stream, usually at the point of waste generation or at a materials recovery facility (MRF) or transfer station.

special recyclable waste Waste which requires special handling in order to be recycled. This includes, but is not limited to, toner, developer, CRUS, photo- receptors, and nonserviceable parts.*

sustainable development Defined by the International Chamber of Commerce as meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

tipping fee The charge to waste transporters to dispose of solid wastes at landfills or other solid waste facilities. The trucks “tip” their garbage into the landfill.

toxic substances Substances that can cause serious harm, injury, impairment, illness, or even death.

virgin materials Resource materials as they are extracted from the earth, mined, grown, refined, and/or synthesized for the first time.

waste audit An analysis of a company’s processes, waste stream, and disposal costs to produce detailed information on the solid waste management system.

48 IBusiness Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling -~ w-cnange A service organization that provides intormation on the availability and demand for specific waste materials. Waste exchanges set up in many countries, states and provinces typically serve the function of linking up a waste generator with a manufacturer who can utilize the waste. Also called “material exchange” and “waste information exchange”. waste free facilities A facility which is diverting 90% of their baseline waste.

waste reduction The prevention of waste via source reduction or reuse.

waste stream A general term used to describe all the garbage generated in a certain area, location, or facility.

wood waste Solid waste consisting of wood pieces or particles which are generated from the manufacturing or production of wood products, harvesting, processing, or storage of raw wood materials, or construction and demolition activities.

xeriscaping The practice of landscaping to conserve water. This type of landscaping follows seven basic principles: developing a landscape plan which considers the regional and micro climatic conditions of the site, as well as the existing vegetation and topographical conditions of the site; analysing soils for any given site to ascertain the need to add soil amendments; selecting plants according to the existing climatic conditions; placing turf in areas which can be irrigated separately from the remainder of the plants and/or in areas that naturally receive more moisture; watering plants only when they need water; use of mulches to retain moisture, reduce weed growth, and prevent erosion; and, using a minimal quantity of fertilizers and perticides to maintain the landscape.

yard waste Solid wastes generated as a result of commercial or residential landscaping operation including, but not limited to, yard clippings, leaves, tree trimmings, prunings, brush, and weeds.

*Defined by the Xerox Facility Waste Reduction, Reuse and Recycling Standard

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling 49 50 IBusiness Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling A F

accomplishments 33 feasibility study 2 I audit 6 funding 21 audit procedures 32 G B goal 5 benchmarking 34 goals 3 I bin 7, 18, 23, 24 Green Seal 41 Blue Angel 41 green wastes I6 C H

category 9 hauler 23, 25, 26 CFCs 38 hazardous waste 38 closing the loop 35 collecting 29 I collection system 24 implementation 17, 29 collection systems I8 improvement 31, 33 communication 4 incin.eration I I composting I I, 16 investment 2 I confidential waste I6 conservation benefits 22 consultant 6 J container 7, 18 junk mail 12 contamination 8, 15, 23 contingency 30 L contract 6, 7, 21, 25, 26 labelling 39, 41 cost analysis 2 I launch 29, 30 D leader 4

demand 35 M demographics 7 management 3, IO, 22 design 23 market 22, 25 desk to dock 18 markets 19, 35 disposal costs 2 I material 16, 23, 25 disposal services 6 material handling equipment 24 dumpster 6, 9, 23, 24 material life cycle 20 material substitution I5 meeting 4 e-mail 8 mission 5 Ecolabel 41 monitoring 26, 31 EcoMark 41 education 8, 26, 27, 31 emissions 36 non-recyclable materials I7 energy conservation 36, 37 environmental benefits 22 0 Environmental Choice 4 I operational costs 2 I .- evergreen clause 25 expenses 31 organic wastes I7 orientation 28 ozone 38

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling I5 1 P T packaging 40 team 3, 4, 12 paper 39 training 27, 28 participation 32 participation rate I6 U performance 3 I uncommon materials I7 pilot program 26, 29 planning committee 3 V plastics 40 precycle 36 vendor 19, 20, 24, 25, 26 pricing 26 volume IO product stewardship 39 W promotion 7, 8, 26, 27, 29, 31 publicity 3 I waste audit 6 purchasing 35, 36 waste audits 32 R waste composition study 9, 15 waste exchange I7 receptacle 18, 23, 24 waste free facilities 35 recognition 33 waste free products 39 recovery I I waste generation I3 recyclables I8 waste management services I9 recycling I I waste reduction program 7, 8, 23 recycling program IO, 14, 16, 17 waste stream 6, 9, 12, 13 recycling services I9 water conservation 37 reporting 26 weight IO resources IO results 32 returns channel 42 xeriscaping 37 reuse II, 13, 14 revenue 26, 31 revenues 22 reward 33 roles 4 roll-off containers 6 roll-out 26 run sheets 9 S sample period 9 savings 21, 22 secretary 4 security 16 service contracts I3 service providers 20 signage 8 source reduction I I, 12, 14, 35 Soy Ink Symbol 41 space 8, 25 survey 23 sustainability 39 symbols 41

52 Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling I53

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling: Workbook

THE DOCUMENT COMPANY XEROX

Business and the Environment: Solutions for a Changing World

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling: Workbook The Coin The words ecology and economy share common roots - both 1 originate from the Greek word “oikos”, meaning “home”. These common origins illustrate the fundamental link between the environment and our economy.

Xerox Corporation Environment, Health and Safety 800 Phillips Road, 0 105-70C Webster, NY, 14580

Printed in the United States ofAmerica

XeroxQThe Document Company@, the x@and the Xerox products mentioned in this publication are trademarks of Xerox Corporation. Made from recycled and recyclable paper. @ Table of Contents

Worksheets Section I: Organize ...... i Section 2: Analyze ...... 4 Section 3: identify ...... i4 Section 4: Evaluate ...... 21 Section 5: Design ...... 25 Section 6: Promote ...... 30 Section 7 Launch...... 34 Section 8: Improve ...... 35 Checklist summary ...... 39

Information Contacts International & Regional ...... 41

Listed by Country: Argentina ...... 42 Hungary ...... 46 Puerto Rico ...... 48 Austria ...... 42 Iceland ...... 46 Rep. of South Africa .. 48 Australia ...... 42 India ...... 46 Scandinavia ...... 48 Barbados ...... ;43 Indonesia ...... 46 Singapore ...... 48 Belgium/Luxembourg .. 43 Ireland ...... 46 Slovakia ...... 49 Bolivia ...... 43 Israel ...... 46 South Korea ...... 49 Brazil ...... 43 Italy ...... 46 Spain ...... 49 Canada ...... 43 Japan ...... 47 Sweden ...... 49 China ...... 44 Kenya ...... 47 Switzerland ...... 49 Columbia ...... 45 Kuwait ...... 47 Taiwan ...... 49 Cuba ...... 45 Latvia ...... 47 Thailand ...... 49 Cyprus ...... 45 Malaysia ...... 47 Tunisia ...... 50 Czech Republic ...... 45 Mexico ...... 47 Ukraine ...... 50 Denmark ...... 45 Namibia ...... 47 United Arab Emirates 50 Ecuador ...... 45 Netherlands ...... 47 United Kingdom ...... 50 Egypt ...... 45 New Zealand ...... 48 United States ...... 50 Finland ...... 45 Norway ...... 48 Uruguay ...... 56 France ...... 45 Pakistan ...... 48 Venezuela ...... 56 Germany ...... 45 Peru ...... 48 Vietnam ...... 56 Greece ...... 45 Poland ...... 48 Zimbabwe ...... 56 Hong Kong ...... 46 Portugal ...... 48

Sector-Specif ic Contacts Advertising Mail ...... 57 Oil ...... 59 Appliances ...... 57 Organics ...... 59 Aseptic Packaging ...... 57 Packaging ...... 61 Asphalt ...... 57 Paper ...... 63 Automotive ...... 57 Plastics ...... 64 Batteries ...... 57 Rubber ...... 66 C&D Debris ...... 58 Textiles ...... 66 Glass ...... 58 Tires ...... 67 Hazardous Materials ...... 58 Wood ...... 67 Metals ...... 58 Waste Exchanges ...... 68 Periodicals ...... 70 EnvironmentalLabelling ...... 75 Other Contacts ...... 75 Web Sites ...... 76 Areas with Solid Waste Regulations ...... 81 worksheet I. I Obtain initial management support I Contact # I Keaction/Preferred Level of Involvement

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook 1 Worksheet I .2 Location: Form Team@)

“3 4 I 6 7 8

2 Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook Worksheet I .3 Project Name: Hold Kick-off Meeting n Meeting Schedule: ‘1 Dwte Meeting Place I 7-Ime

Mission Statement:

Initial Goal:

5 6 7 8

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook 3 Worksheet 2. I Number of buildings at site: Program contact: Determine current wast Existing waste management program: management practice

Analyze current waste management system operatio Worksheet 2.3 - personal and intermediate contain€

.-.. ‘Ij 3

Analyze current waste management system operatia Worksheet 2.4 - central collection containt

e.g. receiving dock e.g. forklift; e.g. used for unluadi~~suppfies

I Worksheet 2.5 Analyze current promotion and education material? Location of 5ignage Proximity to Bins Aesthetics of Signage Message on Signage Condition of 5ignage I I I I -r . __ . -- . .- __ I .!

Other types of promotional programs used: * Due to significant!yincreasedlevelsofaccuracx it is preferable touse theactual weights ofthe materials.However, if these weightsareunavailable, Worksheet 2.7shows volume-to-weightratios which may helpyou calculate theapproximateweight ofthe material. Final figuresmay vary depending on the specificprocessing used in yourprogram, handling situations, and the density ofyourmaterial.

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook 9 Worksheet 2.7 Volume-to-weight conversion for recyclable material .- . Weight (in pounds) (kg) Ofiice Paper bulk I cubic yard 500 227 I cubic yard 272 Newspaper 3.33 cubic ards 907 one 12-incX stack 16

Corrugated Uncompacted - baled I cubic yard 285 22 Cardboard 7.0 I8 cubic yards 2,000 907 Compacted I cubic yard 507.6 230 3.940 cubic yards 2,000 907

Glass Loose, whole bottles I cubic yard 600 272 3.333 cubic yards 2,000 907 one grocery bag 16 7.25 Crushed (manually broken) I cubic yard I,Ooo 453.5 one 55-gallon drum 300 I36 Crushed (mechanically broken) I cubic yard 1,800 816 I.I I I cubic yard 2,000 907 one 55-gallon drum 550 249

Aluminum Whole I cubic yard 74 33.5 Cans 27.027 cubic yards 2,000 907 I grocery bag I .5 0.7 Flattened I cubic yard 250 I I3 8,000 cubic yards 2,000 907

~ ~ Ferrous Cans Whole I cubic yard I50 68 (steelkin) 13.333 cubic yards 2,000 907 Flattened I cubic yard 850 385 8 cubic yards 2,000 907

Plastic PET (soda bottles) I cubic yard 30 13.6 66.6 cubic yards 2,000 907 HDPE (whole) I cubic yard 25 11.3 80 cubic yards 2,000 907 HDPE (flat) I cubic yard 50 22.6 40 cubic yards 2,000 907

Organics Leaves (uncompacted) I cubic yard 250 I I3 8 cubic yards 2,000 907 Leaves (compacted) I cubic yard 450 204 4.444 cubic yards 2,000 907 Leaves (vacuumed) I cubic yard 350 158.6 5.7 I4 cubic yards 2,000 907 Wood chips I cubic yard 500 226.6 Grass clippings I cubic yard 404 I83 Food waste, solid and liquid fats 55-gallon drum 412 186.7 Automobiles I automobile 2,052 930 Tires Passenger car I tire 20 9 IO0 tires 2,000 907 Truck I tire 90 40.8 22.222 tires 2,000 907

Other Batteries I battery 33 15 Asphalt pavement (ripkrush; 1”-3” thick max. credit) I square yard I I5 52 Used motor oil I gallon 7 3.17

4 I 6 7 8

10 Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook Total waste generated over sample period: I

CL I Total Estimated Material Compositio Worksheet 2.9 Total waste generated over sample period: and Distributio Waste Material Sample % of 5ample Estimated Adjusted Estimated Recyclables TilAnnual Weight Annual Weight Annual Weight Annual Weight Weght Generaizd

Note: Sum of column Total weight generated over sample period x frequency of sample period = Total Annual Weight Generated (e.g. if the sample period was one week, the frequency of the sample period would be 52) Total adjusted annual weight of waste + total annual weight of recyclables

L li Worksheet 3. I Quantify impact of source reduction and reuse opportunities

5WrCi?lh?5dU&bdU8U~ EstimaWQuantity of Estimatsdlmpact on OpportuniWse Material Diverted Recycling Program

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook 13 Worksheet 3.2 Identify material substitution opportunities

Material Environmental Proposed Environmental Quantity Currently bed Impacts Material Impacts Ueed

14 IBusiness Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook Identify remaining materials suitable for recycling, Worksheet 3.3 confidential paper recycling, composting, etc. I EstimtsdQuantity Management Required Collection Priority of ofM&t?rialGenerated Alternative System for Alternative Implementation

5 6 7 8

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook 15 16 I Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook Worksheet 3.5 Assess storage requirements Recyclabds Material QuantityCollected Over Collection Container Space Required Collection Period Required

I 6 7 8 ,* Business Guide towaste Reduction and Recycling Workbook 17 Worksheet 3.6 Evaluate local markets for recyclables h4afarial Currsnt Price Historical Tinds Growth Potential

- -4 5 6 7 8 18 Business Guide toWaste Reduction and Recycling Workbook Evaluate vendorslrecyclers

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook I19 Worksheet 3.8 id Questions/Comments I ? Years of operation. Number of employees. Type@) and number(s) of equipment. Volume.of business for past three years. Any civil or criminal action filed against the company in past three years. Other major clients.

Price should be secondary to service. Focus on company reputation and reliability. Include any special community or business considerations.

Will dealer si n a six-month contract?A one- year contract.9 Is price for recyclables fixed, periodically adjusted. or floating? What is rice difference between single and multiple Pocation pickups?

A skinonth contract lets you evaluate the vendor. A floatin price, with a stipulated floor and ceiling price, is %e most fair. Watch out for evergreen clauses in the contracts.

Will dealer help you develop/manage program and provide training/promotion? What typedgrades of material will dealer accept? Will dealer maintain ongoing records of dates and amounts collected and payments made? What is minimum amount required for pickup? Will dealer provide scheduled or on-call pickups? Is pickup during or after hours? What is allowable level of contamination? How will dealer handle confidential material? Are dealer’s personnel bonded to handle confidential material? Will dealer pickup at central container locations or must it be consolidated? Will dealer supply personal, central and main recycling containers?

Do types of materials accepted match your program design? Require dealer to provide records of amounts collected and payments made. Dealer pickup will have implications for janitorial service.

2 -4 I 6 7 8

20 Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook Program Operating Costs: Collection labor $/mo Administrative cost $Imo Ongoing publicity cost $/mo Ongoing material cost $/mo Ongoing education cost $/mo Reward and recognition cost $/mo Debt service for capital expenses $/mo Total program operating expenses $/mo

Program Start-up Costs: Collection labor $/mo Publicity material cost $/mo Equipment cost $/mo Training and education cost $/mo Other $/mo Total program investment $/mo

Disposal Cost Savings: Current waste generation tons/mo Current solid waste disposal cost $/mo Dis osal cost per ton (Pso id waste cost I waste generation) $/ton Diverted material tons/mo Diversion percenta e (diverted material ?current waste generation) % Avoided waste (quantity reduced, reused, and recycled) tonslmo Disposal cost savings (avoided waste X disposal cosdton) $Imo

Estimated Revenue from Sales of recovered Recyclable Material: Material: at tondmo X $/ton = $/mo Material: at tons/mo X $/ton = $/mo Material: at tonslmo X $/ton = $/mo Material: at tons/mo X $/ton = $/mo Material: at tonslmo X $/ton = $/mo Total revenues = $Imo

Continued +

I 3 -5 6 7 8

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook 21 4. I 3 Financial Summary

Program’s New Operating Income: Disposal cost savings Revenues from sales + Program operating costs New operating income $/mo

Payback Period: Program investment New operating income - $Imo Payback period months

22 Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook Recycling one pound of aluminum can save:

7 kilowatt hours of electricity (95%savings) 4 pounds of bauxite 2 pounds of chemicals 95% of air pollution 97% of water pollution the energy needed to make one ton of virgin aluminum could recycle 20 tons of aluminum from scrap.

Recycled glass can sa we:

20%of related air pollution 50% of water pollution 80% of mining wastes 30 gallons of oil Recycling one glass bottle saves enough energy to light a 100 watt bulb for four hours.

Every ton of recycled paper can save:

3 cubic yards of landfill space 4,200 kilowatt hours of electricity (64% savings) 7,000 gallons of water (6 I% savings) 75% of bleach 60 pounds of air pollutants I7 trees, approximately

Recycling facts:

The Netherlands has the highest level of recycling with 50 percent of aluminum, 50 percent of paper, and 53 percent of glass recycled.

The United States has the lowest level of recycling for any industrial nation-with rates of 28 percent of aluminum, 27 percent of paper, and IO percent of glass.

Japan and the Netherlands collect over 50 percent of their aluminum, glass, and paper. Neither country requires raw materials for making paper and glass one year out of two.

Paper fiber can be used up to a dozen times.

Americans (each) use 600 pounds of paper annually, ultimately comprising 40 percent of all trash.

Fifteen percent of all landfill waste in the United States is made up of high-grade printing and writing paper-junk mail, magazines, and office wastes.

It takes an average of six weeks for an aluminum can to be recycled and put into use again.

Enough aluminum is thrown away by Americans every three months to rebuild the entire United States commercial airline fleet.

3 -5 6 7 8

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook 23 Plastic facts:

Recycling plastic saves twice as much energy as burning it in an incinerator. A plastic bottle that is landfilled can last up to 100 years. Eighty percent of the trash observed floating in the Pacific Ocean is plastic. Purchased in bulk, ceramic mugs cost approximately $2.50 each, while Styrofoam cups cost around $3.35 per employee per year (one use per day)

Packaging facts:

In industrialized countries, packaging comprises approximately 30 percent of the weight and 50 percent of the volume of household wastes. In the United States, over half of the paper and glass produced and approximately one-third of the plastic is used in products with a life span of less than one year. Approximately 60 percent of all packaging is used on food and beverages. Producing recycled corrugated cardboard saves about 25 percent of the energy used to produce cardboard from virgin fiber.

€ffergy facts:

Conserving 1,000 kilowatt hours of energy saves: 90 pounds of coal I64 pounds of atmospheric pollutants 4,000 pounds of carbon dioxide 38 pounds of sulphur dioxide

On the average, every million dollar savings in energy costs translates into a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions of I6 million pounds, sulphur dioxide emissions of I 17,000 pounds, and nitrous oxide emissions of 62,000 pounds. Incandescent bulbs last approximately 750 hours ($45 worth of energy), while fluorescent bulbs last for up to 10,000 hours, using about $ IO worth of energy. A compact fluorescent bulb will, over its lifetime, prevent the 2000 pounds of carbon dioxide and 20 pounds of sulphur dioxide of an incandescent bulb from entering the atmosphere. Lighting and the air conditioning it requires consume roughly 60 percent of a commercial building’s electricity.

Transportation facts:

An automobile (carrying one person) uses I. I53 calories per passenger per kilometer, while a transit bus uses 570 calories, a trail uses 549 calories, walking uses 62 calories, and bicycling uses 22 calories per passenger per kilometer.

Twenty pounds of carbon dioxide are emitted by a car for every gallon of gasoline it consumes. On the average, commuting without a car keeps 9. I pounds of hydrocarbons, 62 pounds of carbon dioxide, and 5 pounds of nitrogen oxides out of the atmosphere every week. Driving at 55 mph gives a car up to 20 percent better gas mileage.

.. 3 -5 6 7 8

24 IBusiness Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook Worksheet I. I Select and procure containers

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook a 25 Worksheet 5.2 Design collection routing system and schedule

..3

!I * 1 *' 2 3 4 -6 7 8

26 Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook AGREEMENT made this date , by and between ABC CORPORATION, a New York Corporation, hereinafter (“ABC”) ‘> and ,hereinafter (“BUYER), with Federal IdentificationNumber located at WITNESSETH: WHEREAS, ABC has the need for the removal (and sale) of recyclable Material (hereinafter referred to as “Material” or “Materials”) as defined on page 3 of this Agreement from the ABC’s __ sq ft, story facility located at (St), (City), (State).

WHEREAS, BUYER is in the business of (purchasing and) removing recyclable Materials and is desirous of (buyinghemoving) recyclable Materials from ABC under the terms and conditions of this Agreement.

NOW therefore, in consideration of the mutual promises, terms, and conditions herein provided, it is agreed as follows:

1. This Agreement shall be effective for a period of one (1) year from the date hereof, unless terminated prior thereto. Either party may at any time terminate this Agreement upon fifteen (15) days written notice for any reason. Upon written approval of both parties, this Agreement may be extended for an additional one (1) year period.

2. BUYER shall purchase the Material covered hereby. Reference page 3, item 18.

3. BUYER assumes full, complete, and sole responsibility and liability for all injuries, losses and damages whatsoever to any person, persons, firm or corporation, including ABC, and also of the foregoing for the claim of any nature or character whatsoever, resulting from BUYER’S negligence or willhl misconduct in performance of the Agreement.

4. BUYER shall indemnify and save ABC harmless from and against all claims arising in favour of any person, firm or corporation on account of personal injury or property damage in any way resulting from the acts of the BUYER, its employees, or agents.

5. BUYER shall maintain insurance covering its operation on ABC property with insurance companies acceptable to ABC with limits of liability not less than $1,000,000 bodily injury each occurrence, $500,000 bodily injury each person, and evidence of statutory worker’s compensation and employer’s liability or not less than $100,000 is required. Certificates of insurance evidencing this protection shall include a clause requiring 10 days prior written notice of cancellation of Material change to be sent to ABC.

6A. Title to all Materials shall pass from ABC and vest in BUYER when said Materials have been loaded onto BUYER’S transport vehicles. ABC expressly disclaims any warranty, express or implied, regarding the Material including, buy not limited to, any warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.

6B. The classification and pricing formulas set forth on Page 3 shall be applicable during the term of this Agreement. Pricing is in U.S. funds and is based on “Official Board Markets” “Announced Prices” for each scheduled recyclable Material removal or a minimum of once per month. Payment must be made by cheque in U.S. funds by the 15th day of the following month to ABC, at its designated location.

6C. BUYER shall provide ABC a receipt after each pickup indicating the date, estimated volume of the recyclable Material, and any apparent contamination problems.

6D. Recyclable Material is sold “as is” and BUYER shall accept intermixed non-recyclable contaminates up to 4 percent of gross. Should contaminates exceed 4%, ABC shall be advised by Buyer to correct recycling disposal procedures.

6E. Buyer shall guarantee confidential Material is handled confidentially, that no information is disclosed, and that it is properly shredded or disposed in a condition which cannot be read or duplicated.

I. ABC shall have the right to inspect and audit BUYER’S performance of any of its obligations under paragraph 6 above.

8. ABC agrees that BUYER, its agents, and employees shall, during the term of this Agreement, have reasonable access to ABC’s premises for the purpose of picking up recyclable Material purchased by BUYER as outlined on page 3 of the Agreement. BUYER agrees to collect and remove recyclable Materials on the agreed schedule.

9. BUYER agrees to provide properly identified (by mutual agreement) containers for the recycled Materials as defined on page 3, item 18, of this Agreement and all other mutually approved means of conveyance to remove the recyclable Material from the facility. Once costs of containers have been covered by the revenues, the containers shall become the property of ABC. In the event the contract expires or is terminated prior to the costs of the containers being fully covered, ABC shall have the option of paying the remaining cost or retuming the containers to the contractor. Desktop containers will be the property of ABC, and the dumpster and/or transport containers will remain the property of the BUYER.

3 4 -6 7 8

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook 27 18. LIU-PEK man be ~spqer agents in the transporting of recyclable Materials through the building.

11. However, ABC acknowledges that the BUYER shall not be liable for any damages to pavement, curbing, or driving surface resulting from its trucks servicing in agreed-upon areas, unless said damages result from BUYER’S negligence or willful misconduct in performance of the services undertaken.

12. Neither this Agreement nor the services to be performed hereunder, may be assigned or subcontracted by either party.

J 13. BUYER agrees that it shall not, without the written consent of ABC, make any news releases, public announcements, denial or confirmation of this contract or its subject matter, nor in any manner advertise or publish the fact that ABC has placed this contract. Additionally, BUYER agrees to execute ABC’s standard non-disclosure agreement (copy attached as “Schedule 1”).

14A. ABC shall provide employee program education and training.

14B. ABC shall provide general oversight program day-to-day operations.

14C. ABC shall take necessary corrective action upon notification by BUYER of contamination problems.

14D. ABC shall provide designated areas for intermediate containers and storage area for accumulated recyclable Materials prior to pickup by BUYER.

15. This Agreement constitutes the entire Agreement between the parties with regard to the subject matter hereof and may not be modified except by the written consent instrument duly executed by both parties.

16. Neither party hereto shall be liable for its failure to perform hereunder due to contingencies beyond its reasonable control including, but not limited to, strikes, riots, fires, and acts of God however, the failure to perform due to the occurrence of a contemplated contingency shall not be permitted to extend beyond 15 consecutive days.

17. During any interruption of service in the 15-day period contemplated in paragraph one (1 .) and paragraph 15 (15 .), ABC shall have the right to remove and sell Material on a temporary basis to another buyer, until such time as (contracted BUYER) can resume uninterrupted service.

18A. BUYER shall collect the following recyclable Materials from the ABC facility:

18B. BUYER shall issue monthly statement indicating tonnage of recyclables collected, market prices, and revenue generated on the -day of each month.

18B. BUYER shall provide copies of all (weigh scale ticketdrun sheets) indicating tonnage of recyclables collected on the day of each month.

19A. BUYER shall provide ~ (number) of ___ (length) x ___ (width) x

~ (height) properly identified, stackable convenience containers made of -(Material) for each recyclable item to be located in areas .

19B. BUYER shall provide ~ (number) of ~ (length) x ~ (width) x

~ (height) carts with bumpers for wall protection for removal of recyclable Materials to central storage area located at or out of building. Carts shall be stored at ___ (location).

19C. BUYER shall provide ~ (number) of ~ (length) x ~ (width) x

~ (height) main storage bins for recyclable Materials to be located at -.

19D. BUYER shall provide ~ (number) of ~ (length) x ___ (width) x

~ (height) properly identified personal receptacles for employees.

20A. BUYER shall empty convenience containers on ~ (day of week) between the hours of ___ (AMPM) to (AM/PM).

20B. BUYER shall empty main storage containers on ____ (day of week) between the hours of ___ (AMEM) to (AM/PM).

ABC CORPORQTZON CONTR4LTOhZBUKER

61 2 3 4 -6 7, 8

28 Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook Worksheet 5.4 Develop monitoring network

pbt.9on Reeeponeibility Contact Information

4 -6 7 8

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook 29 --

To: Building X Managers From: Building X Waste Reduction Team RE: Building X Waste Reduction Program Date: XXlXXKX

The Building X Waste Reduction Team has developed a plan to introduce the waste reduction program into all areas of the building, and educate employees in proper recycling practices.

We are requesting your endorsement and visible support of the waste reduction program. Successful implementation will allow ABC to:

. Comply with local recycling laws and mandates; . Uphold ABC’s image as an environmentally responsible corporate citizen; and, e Save ABC money through the sale of recyclable materials and reduced disposal costs.

The program will begin XX/XX/XX. In support of the program, we ask that you distribute the attached memo to all your employees. For your convenience, this packet will be stored electronically in the local file server (server name and location).

If you should have any questions, please contact (person’s name) on extension (phone number) or send an e-mail message to (address).

The participation of all employees is vital to the success of the program.

30 Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook To: Building X Employees From: Building X Managers RE Building X Waste Reduction Program Date: XX/XX/XX

I would like to enlist your support for the Building X Waste Reduction Program. Successful implementation of the program will ensure that ABC remains an environmentally responsible corporate citizen. It is essential that we comply with the local recycling laws and improve our business return on assets through the reduction of waste disposal costs and improved revenues from the sale of recyclable materials.

How will the program work?

Large recycling bins with the recycling logo will be placed throughout the site, as denoted by the signs and posters. All employees will be provided with a small receptacle for recycling by their desks. At your leisure, the recyclable materials can be emptied into the larger recycling bin (usually located in each copierlprinter area) to be picked up by the custodial staff.

Recyclable materials include:

Please do not put any of the following into the recycle bins:

Expected results

Building X Waste Reduction Program is expected to achieve recycling of tons. The program will prevent the destruction of trees each year, save ABC a total of $ in disposal costs, and add $ in revenue.

If you have any questions, contact any member of the Building X Waste Reduction Team listed below.

I ‘3 4 5 -7 8

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook 3 1 Sample posted memo

Bulletin Board Information For: All Employees

The Building X Waste Reduction Program will begin on Monday, XX/XX/XX. Successful implementation of the program will ensure that ABC remains an environmentally responsible corporate citizen. It is essential that we comply with the local recycling laws and improve our business return on assets through the reduction of waste disposal costs and improved revenues from the sale of recyclable materials.

How will the proeram work?

Large recycling bins with the recycling logo will be placed throughout the site, as denoted by the signs and posters. All employees will be provided with a small receptacle for recycling by their desks. At your leisure, the recyclable materials can be emptied into the larger recycling bin (usually located in each copiedprinter area) to be picked up by the custodial staff.

Recyclable materials include:

Please do not put any of the following into the recycle bins:

Expected results

Building X Waste Reduction Program is expected to achieve recycling of tons. The program will prevent the destruction of -trees each year, save ABC a total of $ in disposal costs, and add $ in revenue.

If you have any questions, contact any member of the Building X Waste Reduction Team listed below.

PLEASE POST PLEASE REMOVE

32 Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook ______-- ~-~~ Recommended tralntng and timing

Pre-ProgramA wareness Program Launch Ongoing Interest Inerest 5timulation Stimulation

Light knowledge Basic understanding Light Overview

Employees Employees Employees New employees Management Landlord

Poster5 Video Flyers F&em Overheads POsterS E-mail Handouts Video E-mail Outside speakers E-mail

All team members All team members All team members

One month to launch Immediately prior to Every3-6 months launch

Announcements,benefits General information, Localprogress, and participation including: corporation corporate stats, requirements, benefits, comparisons, new policy, individual ideas, success involvement, success stories, and stories, procedure, outstanding standards, and tools contributors and locations

Business Guide towaste Reduction and Recycling Workbook 33 Worksheet 7. I Develop contingency plan

Pwntial Problem Contingency Plan

I 2 3 4 5 6 -8

34 Business Guide towaste Reduction and Recycling Workbook Worksheet 8. I Develop ongoing program publicity plan

%m&lonerlMgthod ImplementationDate

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook I35 Worksheet 8.2 Stabalize program operations

Date Material Problem Vendor Action Taken 5ucce55

I 2 3 4 5 6 7

36 Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook Worksheet 8.3 Measure and monitor results

Material:

p).QgrsmComponent Cost/Revenue

Sub-total

Material:

PbgmmComponent Cost/Revenue

Sub-total

Material:

Fbgram Component CostIKevenue

Sub-total

Material:

RvgmmComponent Cost/Kevenue

Sub-total

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook 37 '3t

38 Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook ecklist summary

3 organize Team Identify waste management program alternatives 0 Present waste reduction program idea Identify processes which avoid waste generation 0 Enlist managerial supporl 0 Identify waste materials for reuse 17 Determine preferred level of involvement Estimate quantity of material eliminated through source 0 Seek out appropriate team members reduction and reuse

0 Introduce all members of team 0 Determine impact on waste stream 0 Fill team positions 0 Identify alternative materials 0 Develop meeting schedule 0 Identify materials for recycling 0 Decide on means of communication 0 Estimate participation rates 0 Develop mission statement 0 Estimate quantity of material diverted through recycling

0 Set initial goal Determine whether confidential waste is being recycled

Investigate composting organic waste waste generation Analyze 0 Develop procedures for diverting remaining materials and disposal systems Determine implementation priorities 0 Contact facilities manager to determine current waste management practices 0 Determine flow pattern for each material i3 0 Do a walk-through of building(s) 0 Determine required amount of storage space 0 Note location of bins 0 Research material markets 0 Note bin condition 0 Interview service providers 0 Note material flow 0 Arrange for vendors to visit your facility 0 Note waste handling equipment

0 Evaluate use of signage Evaluate each alternative group 0 Evaluate use of other promotional tools 0 Estimate capital and start-up costs 0 Take samples of waste 0 Estimate operational costs 0 Sort waste by material Analyze market trends 0 Evaluate quality of the materials 0 Calculate impact on disposal costs 0 Identify the total quantity of waste generated over the sample period 0 Evaluate waste disposal contract 0 Estimate annual generation rate 0 Calculate expected revenues 0 Obtain weights from hauler 0 Determine environmental and conservation benefits 0 Compare actual weights with estimated weights Summarize results of analysis 0 Predict generation trends Present analysis to management 0 Estimate annual material composition 0 Estimate current diversion rate

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook 39 Design program Launch program

0 Determine locations for intermediate bins 0 Promote launch of waste reduction program 0 Select central storage location 0 Distribute employee recycling containers 0 Select and purchase standardized set of collection containers 0 Ensure material is picked up regularly 0 Check restrictions with fire marshal and insurance company 0 Maintain financial and generation records

Select dumpsters 0 Ensure containers are in place

0 Determine how and when containers will be emptied 0 Ensure promotional materials are in place 0 Assign collection responsibility 0 Ensure all employees are informed of program

0 Assess your material handling equipment needs 0 Ensure schedules are established

0 Arrange dock space 0 Ensure monitoring framework is in place 0 Establish contact with vendors 0 Develop contingency plans 0 Determine collection frequency

0 Determine period of contract lmprove program Determine pricing structure 0 Develop ideas to ensure that promotion remains dynamic Develop payment procedure 0 0 Determine phase-in schedule Develop record keeping and reconciliation procedures 0 0 Solve start-up problems Assign monitoring responsibilities to team members 0 0 Keep in contact with vendors Select day to launch the program 0 0 Encourage questions and problem reporting

Track program results Promote program 0 Develop update mechanism 0 Design and order program materials Hold monthly team meetings 0 Design employee presentation 0 Regularly report progress 0 Inform new employees of program requirements 0 Recognize/reward exemplary accomplishments 0 Assess and improve program 0 Undergo benchmarking exercise

40 Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook Information Contacts: World Wide Fund for Nature World Conservation Centre. Ave. du Mont-Blanc International: CH- I I96 Gland, Switzerland (tel) 22 649 I I I Bureau of International Recycling (BIR) Rue du Lombard 24 - bte 14, IOOO Worldwatch Institute Bruxelles, Belgium I776 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC (tel) 32 2 514 2180 20036- 1904, USA. (tel) 202 452 1999 Clean Islands International 82 I9 Elvaton Drive, Pasadena, Maryland Africa: 2 I 122-3903, U.S.A. (tel) 4 IO 647 2500 United Nations Environment Programme email: [email protected] PO.Box 30552, Nairobi, Kenya (tel) 254 2 230 800 Clean World International The Pier, 26 North St.,Wigan, Greater Manchester WN3 I EX, Caribbean: United Kingdom (tel) 942 824 620 Caribbean Conservation Association Savannah Lodge.The Garrison, St. Michael, Barbados IlED (tel) 809 426 5373 (International Institute for Environment & Development) IlED Europe, 3 Endsleight Street, London Clean Islands Caribbean WCI H ODD, United Kingdom 82 I9 Elvaton Drive, Pasadena, Maryland 2 I 122-3903, U.S.A. International Solid Waste Association (ISWA) (tel) 4 IO 647 2500 General Secretariat, Bremerholm I, DK- I069 Copenhagen K, Denmark United Nations Environment Programme (tel) 33 91 44 91 Regional Ofice for Latin America and the Caribbean Presidente Masaryk 29.Apartado Postal 6-7 I8 Friends of the Earth International I I570 Mexico City, DF, Mexico Postbus I9199, NL- IOOO GD, Amsterdam, Netherlands (tel) 5 250 1555 (tel) 20 622 I369 email: [email protected] Europe:

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Association of Cities for Recycling Palais des Nations, CH- I2 I I Geneva, Switzerland Gulledelle, 100, B- I200 Bruxelles, Belgium (tel) 32 2 775 7701 The World Bank 1818 H Street NW,Washington, DC European Recovery & Recycling Association 20433, USA 83 Avenue E. Mounier, B- I200 Bruxelles, Belgium (tel) 2 772 5252 World Congress Alternatives and Environment Graben 271281314 European Environment Agency A- IOIO Wien, Austria Kongens Nytorv 6, DK- I050 (tel) I 533 2057 Copenhagen K, Denmark (tel) 33 36 71 00 World Industry Council for the Environnement email: [email protected] c/o Chambre lnternationale de Commerce 40 Cours Albert I er, F-75008 Paris, France European Environmental Bureau (tel) I 49 53 28 91 Overwinningsstraat 26, B- I060 Brussels, Belgium (tel) 2 53 90 03 7 World Resource Foundation Bridge House, High Street,Tonbridge, Kent European Recycling and the Environment TN9 I DP, England c/o the Scrap Market Ltd. (tel) 44 0 1732 368333 Hilltop, Off Church Rd.,Webheath email: [email protected] Ridditch, Worcestershire B97 SPQ, United Kingdom World Resources Institute (tel) I5 27 40 45 50 I709 New York Ave., NW, Suite 700 email: I006 13.325 I @compuserve.com Washington, DC 20006, U.S.A. (tel) 202 638 6300

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook 41 The Regional Environmental Center for Russian Territories: Central and Eastern Europe (REC) Miklos ter I, H- I035 Budapest, Hungary Ecological Firm Ecological System Analysis (tel) I 250 3401 Kosygina 19, I I7975 Moscow, Russia email: [email protected] (tel) 95 939 5223

Far EastlSoutheast Asia: Ecological Union Russia, Bogoyavlensky proezd, 3, stroenie 3 Asian Recycling Association I030 I2 Moscow, Russia Prosampi, lsarog Farms. Palestina, Pili. Camarines Sur (tel) 95 923 9839 Bicol, Philippines (tel) 71 232 303 The international Foundation for the Survival and Development of Humanity United Nations Centre for Human Settlements 915Vessina St., Moscow, Russia (Habitat) PO. Box 30030, Nairobi, Kenya Argentina:

United Nations Environment Programme Ecologist Workshop Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific Montevideo 923. Casilla de Correo 44 I, 2000 Rosario The United Nations Bldg. Santa Fe, Argentina Rajadamnern Ave., Bangkok I0200,Thailand (tel) 41 564 201 (tel) 2 282 9 I6I Friends of the Earth -Argentina Latin AmericalCaribbean: Zapata 343, 1426 Buenos Aires, Argentina (tel) I 773 5947 Latin American Energy Organization Edificio 0LADE.Avenida Occidental, Sector San Carlos. Casilla, Austria: Postal 17- I 1-64 13, CCI Quito, Ecuador (tel) 2 538 280 Austria Recycling Obere Donaustrasse 7 I, I020 Wien,Austria United Nations Environment Programme (tel) 222 2 I4 5600 Regional Ofice for Latin America and the Caribbean Presidente Masaryk 29. Apartado Postal 6-7 I8 Environment Ministry I I570 Mexico City, DF, Mexico (tel) I 71 I 580 (tel) 5 250 1555 gopher://pan.cedar.univie.ac.at/ I IIBMUJFI

World Bank Urban Management Programme NO - Koordinierungsstelle fur Umweltschutz (KFU) I8I8 H Street NW,Washington, DC, 20433, U.S.A. Dorotheengasse 7, A- IOI4 Vienna, Austria (tel) 202 477 1234 Umweltbundesamt Middle EastlSouth Asia: Spittelauer, Lande 5,A- I090 Vienna,Austria (tel): I 31 040 United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat) PO. Box 30030, Nairobi, Kenya National Recycling Coalition Ltd. United Nations Environment Programme PO. Box 264,Toorak,Victoria 3 I42,Australia Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (tel) 61 3 824 7938 The United Nations Bldg., Rajadamnern Ave. Bangkok I0200,Thailand Australian and New Zealand Environment (tel) 2 282 9 I6 1 and Conservation Council (tel) 61 6 274 1384 The World Bank I8I8 H Street NW, Washington, DC Australian Conservation Foundation 20433. U.S.A. 340 Gore St., Fitzroy,VIC 3065,Australia (tel) 61 3 416 I166 North America: Bureau of Industry Economics Solid Waste Association of North America Deportment of Industry, Science and Technology PO. Box 72 19, Silver Spring, MD BYL5 Allara Street 20907, U.S.A. Canberra ACT 260 I.Australia (tel) 301 585 2898

42 Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook Environment Protection Agency Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment 40 Blackall Street, 326 Braodway, Suite 400, Winnipeg, MB Barton 2600 ACT, Australia R3C OS5, Canada (tel) 06 274 1679 (tel) 204 948 2090 email: [email protected] email: [email protected]

Corporations in Support of Recycling 26 Wellington Street, E., Suite 60 I ,Toronto, ON Barbados Environmental Association M5E I S2, Canada EO. Box 132, Bridgetown, Barbados (tel) 416 594 3456 (tel) 809 427 06 I9 Friends of the Earth - Canada 70 1-25 I Laurier Ave. W, Ottawa, ON K IP 5J6, Canada Coberec ASBL (tel) 6 I3 230 3352 Place du Samedi I3 - Btes 5 L? 6, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium Recycling Council of British Columbia (tel) 32 2 2 I7 9993 I525 W. 8th Ave, Ste I02,Vancouver, BC V6J IT5, Canada Friends of the Earth - Belgium (tel) 604 731 7222 Place de IaVingeanne, 8-5 IO0 Dave, Belgium (tel) 81 401 478 BC Ministry of the Environment (Lands and Parks) 777 Broughton St., 3rd Floor,Victoria, BC Ministerie Volksgezondheid en Leefmilieu V8V I X5, Canada Rijksadministratief Centrum,Vesalius 2/3 (tel) 604 387 9974 Pachecolaan I9 bus 5, B- IOIO Brussels, Belgium (tel) 2 2 IO 4874 Recycling Council of Alberta EO. Box 40552, Highfield EO., Calgary,AB Ministry of Public Health and Environment T2G 5G8, Canada Boulevard Pacheco 19, IOIO Brussels, Belgium (tel) 403 287 1477 (tel) 2 2 IO 4543 email: [email protected]

Alberta Environment Waste and Chemicals Recycling Branch (Southern Alberta) Conservation Data Center EO. Box IOI, 2938 I Ith Street North East, Calgary,Alberta, Calle 26 y Avenida M. Reyes. Cota Cota. T2E 7L7, Canada Casilla I 1250, La Paz, Bolivia (tel) 403 297 5923 (tel) 2 797 399 Waste and Chemicals Recycling Branch (Northern Alberta) 9820 106th Street, 5th Floor, Edmonton,Alberta T5K 2J6, Canada (tel) 403 427 5838 Cempre Praia de Botafogo 228k.j. I I9-B, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22250-040 Saskatchewan Environmental Society EO. Box 1372, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan (tel) 55 21 552 0022 S7K 3N9, Canada (tel) 306 665 1915 Friends of the Earth - Brazil Rua Cabral I5 1/20 Andar, 90420- I20 Porto Alegre Saskatchewan Environment Municipal Rio Grande do SUI, Brazil Resource Management (tel) 51 332 8884 3085 Albert St., Regina, Saskatchewan S4S OB I, Canada (tel) 306 787 6209 Environment Canada Saskatchewan Waste Reduction Council Solid Waste Management Division I I5 2nd Avenue N., Suite 203, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan 35 I St. Joseph Blvd., 12th Floor, Hull, Quebec S7K 2B I, Canada KIA OH3, Canada (tel) 306 931 3242 (tel) 819 953 I109 Manitoba Ministry of the Environment Canadian Association of Recycling Industries Waste Reduction and Prevention Branch 50 Gervais Drive, Suite 502, Don Mills, ON, I39 Tuxedo Avenue, Building 2, Winnipeg, Manitoba M3C 123, Canada R3N OH6, Canada (tel) 416 510 1224 (tel) 204 945 8443

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook 43 Recycling Council of Manitoba Ecology Action Centre 428 Portage Ave., Suite 50 I,Winnipeg, Manitoba I553 Granville St., 2nd Floor, Halifax, Nova Scotia R3C I N6, Canada B3J IW7, Canada (tel) 204 925 3777 (tel) 902 429 2202

Recycling Council of Manitoba P.E.I. Department of the Environment 4 I2 McDermott Ave., Winnipeg, Manitoba PO. Box 2000, Charlottetown, PEA. R3A OA9, Canada C IA 7N8, Canada (tel) 204 942 7781 (tel) 902 368 5024

Ontario Ministry of the Environment Department of Environment Information Waste Reduction Branch and Assessment 40 St. ClairAve.W., 6th and 7th Floors,Toronto, ON Coordinator, Recycling M4V I M2, Canada PO. Box 2000, Charlottetown, PEI (tel) 4 I6 325 4440 C IA 7N8, Canada (tel) 902 368 5024 Recycling Council of Ontario 489 College St., Suite 500/504,Toronto, Ontario Department of Environment and Land M6C IA5, Canada PO. Box 8700, St. John’s, NFLD (tel) 416 960 1025 A I B 416, Canada email: [email protected] (tel) 709 576 5793

Ministere de I’environment du Quebec Action: Environment Waste Management Group Direction de la recuperation et du recyclage PO. Box 2549, St. John’s, Newfoundland 2360 chemin Ste-Foy, Ier etage, Ste-Foy, Quebec AIC 6KI, Canada C IV 4H2, Canada (tel) 709 579 3729 (tel) 418 643 41 15 Newfoundland and Labrador Department of Ministere de I’Environnement Environment and Lands et de la Faund du Quebec Environmental Investigation Division Direction de la Promotion et du Developpement du Rable Confederation Building, PO. Box 8700, St. John’s, NF Boite 35,2360 Chemin Ste-Foy, Ier Etage, Ste-Foy, Quebec A I B 416, Canada G IV 4H2, Canada (tel) 709 729 5783 (tel) 418 643 41 15 Ecology North Societe Quebecoise de Recuperation et de Recyclage #8-4807 49th Street,Yellowknife, Northwest Territories 14 Place du Commerce, Bureau 350, Isle De Soeurs, Quebec XI A 3T5, Canada H3E IT5, Canada (tel) 403 873 60 I9 (tel) 5 I4 762 3333 Northwest Territories Department Fundy Region Solid Waste Commission of Renewable Resources 33 Hanover St., Bldg B, Unit 8, St. John, New Brunswick 600 5 I02 50th Ave.,Yellowknife, Northwest Territories E2J 3G I, Canada XI A 3S8, Canada (tel) 506 634 7928 (tel) 403 873 7654

New Brunswick Department of the Environment The Raven Recycling Society PO. Box 6000, Fredericton, New Brunswick PO. Box 3968,Whitehorse,Yukon E3B 5H I, Canada Y IA 5M6, Canada (tel) 506 457 4848 (tel) 403 667 7269

Conservation Council of New Brunswick Peomie9s Repubiic of China: I80 St. John St., Fredericton, NB E3B 4A9, Canada Chinese Information and Culture Center (tel) 506 458 8747 I230 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020, U.S.A. The Clean Nova Scotia Foundation (tel) 212 373 1836 PO. Box 2528, Stn. M. Halifax, Nova Scotia B3J 3N5, Canada Resources Recovery Foundation of Republic of China (tel) 902 424 5245 (tel) 02 366 1455

Environmental Coalition of Prince Edward Island I26 Richmond St., Room I, Charlottetown, P.E.I., C IA IH9, Canada (tel) 902 566 4696

44 Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook Finland:

Recuperar Environment Ministry Cra. 46 No. 5 I-58,A.A. 90979, Itagui, Colombia (tel) (0) 1991 I (tel) 4 372 0720 Finnish Association of Graduate Engineers TEK Ratavartijankatu 2 FIN-00520 ,Helsinki, Finland

Mikkeli Polytechnic Comite Abastecimmiento Tecnico Material Department of Environmental Engineering Obispo No. 306, Ciudad de la Havana Box 181 FIN-50101 Mikkeli, Finland (tel) 53 7 62 8558 (tel) 55 355 61

Environment Ministry Cyprus National Committee of the International (tel) I 42 19 15 47 Association on Water, Pollution Research and Control PO. Box 1735, Limassol, Cyprus Federation Francaise de la Recuperation pour la Gestion (tel) 5 391 295 lndustrielle de I’Environnement et du Recyclage IOI rue de Prony, 750 I7 Paris, France (tel) 33 I 4054 0194

Svaz Prumyslu Druhotnych Surovin Recanal Senovizne nam 15, I I2 92 Praha I, Czech Republic Pechiney Rhenalu, F. Raingeva1,Tour Manhattan - Cedex 21 (tel) 2 236 55 76 F-92087 Paris la Defense, France (tel) 01 4691 4127 Czech Ministry of the Environment Vrsovicka 65, Prague IO, IO0 IO French Federation of Electrical and (tel) 2 67 12 21 86 Electronics Industry Association email: [email protected] (tel) I 45 05 70 IO email: [email protected] Friends of the Earth - Czech Republic Jakubshe’na’m 7, CS-602 00 Brno, Czech Republic Friends of the Earth - France (tel) 5 210 438 38, rue Meslay, F-75003 Paris, France (tel) I 48 87 33 44

Danish Energy Agency I I Landemaerket, DK- I I I9 Copenhagen K, Denmark Bundesverband der Deutschen Stahl-Recycling- Wirschaft e.V. (BDS) Milj ministeriet Molj styrelsen Graf-Adolf-Strasse 12,4000 Dusseldorf I Strandgade 29, DK- I40 I Copenhagen K, Denmark (tel) 49 21 I 320 3356 (tel) 32 66 01 00 email: [email protected] Environment Ministry (press office) (tel) 305 20 IO Rendan AIS Waste Management Information Centre Gladsaxevej 376,2860 Soeborg, Denmark French-German Institute for Environmental Research (tel) 39 66 12 00 Hertzstrasse 16, D-76 I87 Karlsruhe, Germany email: [email protected] German Electrical and Electronics Industry (ZVEI) (tel) 69 630 20

* .m Friends of the Earth - Ecuador German Scrap, Recycling and Apartado Postal I89 I, Cuenca, Ecuador Waste Disposal Association (tel) 7 824 62 I Brabanter Str. 8,50674 Cologne, Germany (tel) 221 253 069 Greece:

Environment Ministry, Physical Planning and Public Works (tel) 20 2 341 7879 I7Amaliados St., EL-Athens (tel) I 641 1717

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook a 45 Indian Association for Environmental Management Natl. Environmental Engineering Research Inst., Nagpur 440 Environmental Protection Department 020, Maharashtra, India 24-28th Floors, Southorn Center, I30 Hennessy Rd. (tel) 7 I2 526 07 I Wan Chai, Hong Kong (tel) 2835 1018 Indonesia: email: [email protected] State Ministry for the Environment Environmental Protection Office Anada Kepada Asisten 111 Menteri Negara, Jalan Medan Merdeka (tel) 2755 1667 Barat 15, Jakarta IOI IO, Indonesia email: [email protected] Friends of the Earth - Hong Kong 53-55 Lockhart Rd., 2/F Wanchai, Hong Kong (tel) 2528 5588 email: [email protected] DOE Environment Service Calvert House, 23 Castle Place, Belfast BT I I FY Green Lantau Association (tel) 232 3 IO 763 23 Lower Keung Shan,Village Tai 0, Lantau Island (tel) 2985 5099 Environment Service Department of the Environment Green Power Storemont, Belfast, BT4 3SS 2 Jordan Rd., Kowloon email: [email protected] (tel) 23 I4 2662 Friends of the Earth - Ireland Earthwatch The Conservancy Association Harbour View. Bantry Cork, Ireland Shop 30 I, Lai Mei House, Lai Kik Estate (tel) 21 50 968 Cheung Sha Wan, Kowloon (tel) 2728 6800 Irish Business and Employers Confederation (tel) I 676 8914 World Wide Fund for Nature No. I,Tramway Path, Central, Hong Kong Kerbside Dublin (tel) 2526 101 I Unit 8, Cookstown Industrial Estate Tallaght, Dublin 24 ? (tel) I 459 7677

Raszvenytarsasag Budapest and Environs The Environmental Information Service (ENFO) Recycling Share Company 17 St. Andrew Street, Dublin 2 I I06 Budapest, X., Granatos u. I .-3., I475 Budapest, (tel) I 679 3 I44 Postafiok 97, Hungary (tel) I 1772 754 Department of the Environment Waste Management Section HAPEC (Hungarian Association of Packaging Custom House, Dublin I, Ireland and Materials Handling) (tel) I 679 3377 (tel) I I13 7034 Israel:

Adam TevaV’Din Ministry for the Environment 2 I Shneor St., 63326 Tel-Aviv, Israel Vonarstraeti 4, IS- I50 Reykjavik, Iceland (tel) 3 525 6462 email: [email protected] email: [email protected]

Jndia: Ecological Network of Israel 50 Hanassi St., PO. Box 58 I, 37 I05 Karkur, Israel Development Alternatives (tel) 6 377 072 B-32,Tara Crescent, Qutub Institutional Area, New Dehli - I IO 016, India Italy: (tel) I I 696 7938 email: [email protected] Assofermet Corso Venezia 47/49,20 I2I Milano Environmental Protection Research Foundation (tel) 39 2 760 08807 Arundhati, near MSEB,Vishrambag, Sangli 4 I6 4 15, Maharashtra, , India (tel) 76924

46 Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook Friends of the Earth - Italy Malaysia: Via del Sudario 35,l-00 I86 Rome, Italy (tel) 6 687 5308 Centre for Environment,Technology, and Development - Malaysia 3 Minister0 dell’Ambiente (Environment Ministry) PO. Box 382,47300 Petaling Jaya, Malaysia Via della Ferratella in Laterno 33,OO I85 Rome, Italy (tel) 3 775 7767 (tel) 6 70 361 Friends of the Earth - Malaysia Office of Waste Management I9 Kelawei Rd., I0250 Penang, Malaysia Government of South Tyrol (tel) 4 376 930 Bolzano, BZ, Italy (fax) 471 994 389 Malaysian Nature Society email: [email protected],interbusiness.it PO.Box 10750,50724 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (tel) 03 616 5259/60 Jaaan: email: [email protected]

Clean japan Center Project Management Office for Montreal Protocol, 3-6-2 Daini-Akiyama Building 6-2,Toranomon 3-chome Deportment of Environment Minato-ku,Tokyo 105, Japan 12th Floor, Wisma Sime, Darby, Malaysia (tel) 3 3432 6301 Mexico: Friends of the Earth Japan Naka-meguro 4-8- 15, Meguro-ku,Tokyo, I53 Japan National Institute of Recyclers (tel) 3 3760 3644 Retorno 8, No.4, Desp. 3,Av. Fray Servando Teresa de Mier Colonia Jardin Balbuena, I5900 Mexico D.F. Japan Waste Research Foundation (tel) 52 5 771 03 054 lidabashi KS Building, Shimonyabi-cho 2- 14, Shinjuko-Ku Tokyo, 162 Japan Santamarina y Steta (tel) 3 5261 9391 (tel) 52 5 728 0300

Ministry of International Trade and Industry 1-3- I Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku,Tokyo-To 100,Japan (tel) 3 3501 151 I Recycling Action Programme PO.Box 20028. Fanie du Plessis Str. 26. Olympia The Ministry of Health and Welfare Windhoek 9000, Namibia 1-2-2 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku,Tokyo-To 100, Japan (tel) 264 61 51975 (tel) 3 3503 171 I

The Environmental Agency 1-2-2 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku,Tokyo-To 100, Japan Federation of Dutch Recycling Industries (tel) 3 3581 3351 (Federatie Herwinning Gronstoffen) PO. Box 85645,2508 CH Den Haag (tel) 3 I 70 362 461 0

nited Nations Centre for Human Settlements Dutch Assn. of Producers, Importers, (Habitat) &Agents of Electronic Goods PO.Box 30030, Nairobi, Kenya (tel) 79 53 I 371

Environment Ministry press ofice Regional Organization for the Protection PO.Box 30945,2500 GX The Hague,The Netherlands of the Marine Environment (tel) 70 339 3939 PO.Box 26388, Safat I 3 124, Kuwait (tel) 53 I 2 I40 Friends of the Earth - Netherlands Damrak 26, Postbus I9I99 NL- IO00 GD Amsterdam, Netherlands (tel) 20 622 1366 Latvian Environment Data Centre Straumes 2, Jurmala, Latvija, LV-20 I5 email: [email protected]

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook a 47 New Zealand: Ministry for Environment Protection National Resources and Forestry Australian and New Zealand Environment (tel) 22 25 00 01 and Conservation Council (tel) 61 6 274 1384 Portugal:

Keep New Zealand Beautiful Associacao dos lndustriais de PO. Box 76 089, Manukau City,Auckland, New Zealand Sucata Praca das lndustias (tel) 64 0 9 262 4 IO0 1300 Lisboa (tel) 351 I 362 0100 Ministry for the Environment PO. BOX IO-362,84 Boulcott St. Environment Ministry Wellington, New Zealand Rua do Secund0 no. 5 I, I200 Lisboa, Portugal (tel) 61 0 4 473 4090 (tel) 36 4755

New Zealand Environmental Business Network Friends of the Earth - Portugal PO. Box 2 I99,Wellington, New Zealand Travessa Marques de Sampaio, 44-Rc, P- I200 Lisbon, Portugal (tel) 64 0 4 801 3876 (tel) I 347 9599

Waste Management Institute of New Zealand North-South Centre PO. Box I 1-470, Manners Street, Wellington, New Zealand Avenida da Liberdade, 229-4", P- I200 Lisbon, Portugal (tel) 64 4 473 1465 (tel) I 352 4954 email: [email protected] Waste Management Unit Christchurch City Council, PO. Box 237 Puerto Rico: Christchurch, New Zealand (tel) 64 3 371 1237 Administrative Service Office email: [email protected] PO. Box 364984, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 00936

Norway: Business and Industry for Recycling (tel) 809 765 7575 Ministry of Environment Myntgata 2, Postboks 80 13, Dep I, 0030 Oslo Caribbean Recycling Foundation (tel) 22 24 90 90 HC. 71 Box 7605, Cayey, Puerto Rico, 00736 (tel) 809 747 4941

Association for Protection of Environment (APE) 74 Dilkusha Chamber Plaza Square Keep South Africa Beautiful Karachi-3, Pakistan PO. Box I5 14, Randburg 2 125, Republic of South Africa (tel) 21 772 1035 (tel) 27 0 I I 787 1080

Peru: Scandinavia:

CEPlS Nordic Recycling Federation (Centro Panamericano de Ingenieria Sanitaria y Ciencias del c/o HI. Hansen Holding A/S Ambiente - Pan American Center for Sanitary Engineering and Vertergade 971 IOI, PO. Box 927,s IO0 Odense C, Denmark Environmental Sciences) (tel) 45 66 I I 8383 Los Pinos 259, Urb. Camacho, Lima 12, Peru (tel) I 437 2160 Singapore: email: [email protected]

Singapore Association for Environmental Company (SAFECO) Recal 20 Orchard Rd SMA House, 0923 Singapore Lim Center,Al. Jerozolimskie 67/79, Suite I217 (tel) 338 8578 00-697 Warszawa (fax) 02 630 6201 Singapore Trade Development Board 230 Victoria St. 07-00 Bugis Junction Office Tower International Environmental Service Centre (IESC) Sin I88024 IESC, ul., Czackiego 3/5 00 049 (tel) 337 6628 x 4334 573 Warsaw, Poland (tel) 267 461

48 IBusiness Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook Ministry of the Environment Sweden: Waste Minimisation Department 40 Scotts Road #20-00, Environment Building Environment Ministry 22823 I Singapore Predsgatan 8, S- 103 33 Stockholm, Sweden (tel) 73 I 9534 (tel) 763 1000

Swedish Society for the Conservation of Nature Box 45 IO, S- I02 65 Stockholm, Sweden Environment Ministry (tel) 8 702 0210 (tel) 7 491 848

Friends of the Earth - East PO.Box 163, Bratislava, Slovakia IGORA PO. Box 495,OH-8034 Zurich (tel) 01 386 2496

Ministry of Environment Syndicat des lnterets de la Recuperation Suisse Division ofwaste Control Gutenbergstrasse 19, 30 I I Bern Chungang-dong, Swacheon City, Kyunggido, Republic of Korea (tel) 4 I 3 I 26 3565 (tel) 02 504 9260 Federal Department of Home Affairs Ministry of the Environment, International Office (tel) 31 3229111 (fax) 2 504 9205 Federal Office of Environment, Forests and Landscape Office of Industrial Waste Hallwylstrasse 4, CH 30003 Bern, Switzerland (fax) 2 504 9210 (tel) 31 32 29 31 I

Friends of the Earth - Switzerland c/o Heinzpeter Studer. Postfach Agrupacion Nacional de la Recuperacion CH-900 I St. Gallen, Switzerland Pasaje Marimon No. 7 - 2nd la, 0802 I Barcelona (tel) 3 200 3899 Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing & Research (EMPA) Agrupacion Nacional Reciclado de Vidrio CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland Pasaje Marimon No. 7 - 2nd la, 0802 I Barcelona (tel) I 823 551 I (tel) 3 200 3899 Taiwan: Club Espanol de 10s Resiguos MenendezValdes 52 I E, E-280 I5 Madrid, Spain (tel) I 549 7178 Chinese Information and Culture Center I230 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY, 10020, U.S.A. Directorate General of Environmental Policy (tel) 212 373 1836 Ministry of Public Works and Urbanism PO.Castellana 67,28071 Madrid, Spain EPA (tel) I 554 7630 (tel) 88 62 3 I I 7722

Division de Medio Ambiente,AENOR Institute of Environment Resources Research Center Fernandez de la Hoz 52,280 IO Madrid, Spain (tel) 02 732 5676 (tel) I 3 IO 485 I Pro Green Foundation Environment Ministry (tel) 88 62 750 5638 (tel) I 554 3688 Resources Recovery Foundation of Republic of China Friends of the Earth - Spain (tel) 02 366 1455 Juan Pradillo 26, IO, E-28039 Madrid, Spain (tel) I 3 I I 2 I86 Thailand:

Fundacion Canovas del Castillo Ministry of Science,Technology and Environment C/ Marquede la Ensenada 14-16 3" ofc.25 Department Of Pollution Control E-28004 Madrid, Spain 66/1 Soi Phibun Wattana 7, RamaVI Road, Bangkok 10400 (tel) 279 7 I80 9 Repacar Avenida Manzanares, 2 12-8th A, 28026 Madrid (tel) I 475 6485

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook 49 Ministry Of Science,Technology And Environment Institute of Wastes Management Deportment Of Energy Development And Promotion 9 Saxon Court, St. Peter’s Gardens, Northampton Kasat suk Bridge, Bangkok 10330 NN I I SX, United Kingdom Y (tel) 223 0021 9 (tel) (0) 160 420 426

Ministry Of Science,Technology And Environment London Waste Regulation Authority Deportment Of Science Service Hampton House, 20 Albert Embankment, London RamaVI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok I0400 SEI 7TJ, United Kingdom (tel) 246 0064 MEL Research Ministry Of Science,Technology And Environment Aston Science Park, Birmingham Deportment Of Environmental Quality Promotion B7 4AX, United Kingdom 60/1 Soi Phibun Wattana 7, RamaVI Road, Bangkok 10400 (tel) 21 604 4664 (fax) 278 3950 National Recycling Forum YMCA of Chiangmai Environment c/o London Waste Regulatory Authority Resource Sharing Programme Hampton House, 20 Alberta Embankment, London I I Sermsuk Road, Mengrairasmi, Chiangmai, 5000 Thailand SEI 7TJ, United Kingdom (tel) 53 22 I 8 I9 (tel) I 71 587 3000

Tirnisia: Scottish Consumer Council Royal Exchange House, IO0 Queen St, Glasgow Environmental Development Action IntepArabe GI 3DN, United Kingdom 6 Impasse de la Mer Rouge.Ariana, 2080 Tunis,Tunisia (tel) 216 I 718 340 The Centre for Waste Management (CWM) Park Square, Luton, Bedfordshire LU I 3JU, United Kingdom (tel) 582 489 I I3 Ecological Center, Green Movement Ulitsa Frunze 4,55 I6I I2 Lugansk, Ukraine The Environment Council (tel) 64 25 23 124 2 I Elizabeth Street, London SW IW 9RP, United Kingdom (tel) (0) 171 824 841 I

Waste Management Information Bureau (WMIB) Emirates Environmental Group (EEG) (tel) (0) I23 546 3 I62 PO. Box 700 I, Dubai UAE (fax) 04 3 I9 920 Waste Watch Gresham House, 24 Holborn Viaduct, London EC IA 2BN, United Kingdom Business in the Environment Wastes Technical Division 8 Stratton Street, London Department of the Environment W I X SFD, United Kingdom Room PI / 1452 Marsham Street, London (fax) (0) I7I 629 I600 SW I P 3EB, United Kingdom Community Recycling Network United States IO- I2 Picton Street, Montpelier, Bristol BS6 SQA, United Kingdom Air and Waste Management Association (tel) I27 242 0 I42 PO. Box 286 I, Pittsburgh, PA 15230, U.S.A. Environmental Services Association (ESA) (tel) 412 232 3444 Mountbarrow House, 6-20 Elizabeth Street, London SW IW 9RB, United Kingdom Conservation Foundation 1250 24th Street NW,Washington, DC Friends of the Earth England - 20037, U.S.A. 26-28 Underwood St., London (tel) 202 778 963 I N I 7JQ, United Kingdom (tel) 71 490 1555 Cornell Waste Management Institute 466 Hollister Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY Industry Council for Electronic Equipment (ICER) 14853-350I, U.S.A. 6 Bath Place, Rivington Street, London (tel) 607 255 I 187 EC2A 3JE, United Kingdom (tel) (0) I7I 729 4766

50 Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook Corporation on Resource Recovery National Environmental Policy Institute and the Environment I IOI 16th Street, N.W., Suite 502, Washington, DC 60 I PennsylvaniaAvenue, N.W., Suite 900, Washington, DC 20036, U.S.A. 20004, U.S.A. (tel) 202 857 4784 (tel) 202 434 8208 National Recycling Coalition Environmental Action Foundation I727 King Street, Suite I 05,Alexandria,VA 6930 Carroll Ave., Suite 600,Takoma Park, MC 223 14, U.S.A. 209 12, U.S.A. (tel) 703 683 9025 (tel) 301 891 I 100 National Waste Prevention Coalition Environmental Defense Fund King County Solid Waste Division 257 Park Ave., South, New York, NY 400 Yesler Way # 600, Seattle, WA IO0 IO, USA. 98 104, U.S.A. (tel) 212 505 2100 (tel) 206 296 4481

Environmental industry Association Natural Resources Defense Council (Formerty the National Solid Waste Manogement Association) 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 4301 Connecticut Ave., N.W., Suite 300,Washington, DC IO0 I I, U.S.A. 20008, U.S.A. (tel) 2 I2 727 2700 (tel) 202 244 4700 Northeast Recycling Council Green Hotels Association I39 Main Street, Suite 40 I, Brattleboro,VT P.0. Box 4202 12, Houston,TX 0530 I, U.S.A. 77242-0212, U.S.A. (tel) 802 254 3636 (tel) 7 I3 789 8889 Southwest Public Recycling Association Greenpeace PO Box 272 I O,Tucson,AZ 1436 U Street, N.W.,Washington, DC 85726, U.S.A. 20009, U.S.A. (tel) 602 791 4069 (tel) 202 462 I 177 The Clean Washington Centre INFORM, Inc. 200 I Sixth Ave. Suite 2700, Seattle, WA I20 Wall Street, 16th Floor, New York, NY 98 I2I, U.S.A. 10005, U.S.A. (tel) 206 464 6282 (tel) 212 361 2400 US Environmental Protection Agency’s Institute for Local Self-Reliance Ofice of Solid Waste 2425 18th Street, N.W., Washington, DC 40 I M St S.W., Mail Stop OS-30 I,Washington, DC 20009, U.S.A. 20460, U.S.A. (tel) 202 232 4 I08 (tel) 202 260 626 I http:l/www.epa.gov/epahome/index.html Integrated Waste Services Association I40 I H Street, N.W., Suite 220, Washingrton, DC US. Public Interest Research Group 20005, U.S.A. 2 I5 Pennsylvania Avenue, S.E., Washington, DC (tel) 202 467 6240 20003, U.S.A. (tel) 202 546 9707 Keep America Beautiful, inc. Mill River Plaza, 9 West Broad Street, Stanford, CT The Waste Watch Center 06902, U.S.A. I6 Havergill Street,Andover, MA (tel) 203 323 8987 0 I8IO, U.S.A. email: [email protected] (tel) 508 470 3044 http://www.kab.org/page I .html Worldwatch Institute Midwest Recycling Coalition I776 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W.,Washington, DC 2753 41st Ave., South, Minneapolis, MN 20036- 1904, U.S.A. 55406- 1809, U.S.A. (tel) 202 452 1999 (tel) 612 649 5793 Alabama Department of Environmental Management National Audubon Society Solid Waste Division 700 Broadway, New York, NY I75 I Congressman William Dickinson Drive, Montgomery,AL 10003, U.S.A. 36 130, U.S.A. (tel) 212 979 3000 (tel) 205 271 7726

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook I51 Alabama Recycling Coalition Colorado Recycles SWDA, PO Box 26 19, Huntsville,AL 8745 W. 14th Avenue, #2 16, Lakewood, CO 35804, USA. 802 15, U.S.A. (tel) 205 880 6054 (tel) 303 231 9972

Alaska EPA Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection Solid Waste Program Recycling Program 222 West 7th Avenue,Anchorage,AK I65 Capital Ave., Hartford, CT 995 14-7588, U.S.A. 06 106, U.S.A. (tel) 907 271 5083 (tel) 203 566 8722

Arizona Department of Environmental Quality Connecticut Recyclers Coalition Waste Assessment Ofice PO Box 198, Brooklyn, CT 3033 N. Central, Phoenix,AZ 06234, U.S.A. 85004, U.S.A. (tel) 203 774 1253 (tel) 602 257 68 I6 Delaware Dept. of Nat. Resources and Env. Control AZ Recycling Coalition 89 Kings Hwy, PO. Box I40 I, Dover, DE PO Box 2533, Phoenix,= 19903, U.S.A. 85002-2533, U.S.A. (tel) 302 739 3820 (tel) 602 207 4 I44 District of Columbia - EPA Office of Recycling Arkansas Department of Pollution 40 I M St., SW,Washington, DC Control and Ecology 20460, U.S.A. Solid Waste Division (tel) 202 260 6261 800 I National Drive, Little Rock,AR 72209, U.S.A. Florida Department of Environmental Regulation (tel) 501 562 7444 2600 Blairstone Road,Tallahassee, FL 32399-2400, U.S.A. Arkansas Recycling Coalition (tel) 904 488 0300 PO Box 25734, Little Rock,AR 7222 1-5734, U.S.A. Recycle Florida Today (tel) 501 227 6979 PO Box I50 I27,Altamonte Springs, FL 327 15, U.S.A. California Department of Conservation (tel) 407 774 7880 Recycling Division 80 I K St., MS: 20-58, Sacramento, CA Georgia Department of Community Affairs 958 14, U.S.A. Technical Assistance Division, Clean and Beautiful Program (tel) 916 323 3743 I200 Equitable Bldg, IO0 Peachtree St., N.E.,Atlanta, GA 30303, U.S.A. California Integrated Waste Management Board (tel) 404 656 5538 880 Cal Center Dr., Sacramento, CA 95826, U.S.A. Georgia Recycling Coalition, Inc. (tel) 916 255 2200 2508 Kiner Court, Lawrenceville, GA 30243, USA. CA Resource Recovery Association (tel) 770 822 9308 4395 Gold Trail Way, Loomis, CA 95659-890 I, U.S.A. Recycling Association of Hawaii (tel) 9 I6 652 4450 I62 North King Street, Honolulu, HA 968 17, U.S.A. Northern CA Recycling Association (tel) 808 732 9253 PO Box 6838, Santa Rosa, CA 95406-0838, U.S.A. Recycling Association of Hawaii (tel) 707 526 9385 I66 Ohana St., Kapaa, HA 96746, U.S.A. U.S. EPA, #8 - Colorado (tel) 808 822 5 I69 I Denver Place, 999 18th Street, Denver, Co 80202-2405, U.S.A. Idaho Division of Environmental Quality, (tel) 303 293 1667 Permits and Enforcement Department of Health and Welfare Colorado Association for Recycling I4IO N. Hilton Street, Boise, ID 459 I Ivy St., Denver, CO 83706, U.S.A. 802 16, U.S.A. (tel) 208 334 5879 (tel) 303 322 7887

52 IBusiness Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook Illinois EPA Maine Waste Management Land Pollution Control Division State House Station, # I54,Augusta, ME 2200 Churchill Rd., EO. Box 19276, Springfield, IL 04333, U.S.A. 62706, U.S.A. (tel) 207 289 5300 (tel) 217 782 6761 Maryland Department of Environment Illinois Recycling Association Hazardous and Solid Waste Administration 9400 Bormet Drive, Suite 5, Mokena, IL 2500 Broening Highway, Bulding 40, Baltimore, MD 60448, U.S.A. 2 1224, U.S.A. (tel) 708 479 3800 (tel) 30 I 63 I 3364

Indiana Department of Environmental Management MD Recyclers Coalition Ofice of Solid and Hazardous Waste PO Box 6097,Annapolis, MD I05 S. Meridian Street, Indianapolis, IN 2 I40 I, U.S.A. 46225, U.S.A. (tel) 410 269 5684 (tel) 3 I7 232 8883 Massachusetts Dept. of Environmental Protection Indiana Recycling Coalition Division of Solid Waste Management PO Box 20444, Indianapolis, IN I Winter Street, 4th Floor, Boston, MA 46220-0444 U.S.A. 02 108, U.S.A. (tel) 3 I7 283 6226 (tel) 6 I7 292 596 I

Iowa Department of Natural Resources MassRecycle Waste Management Division 60 Temple Place, Boston, MA Wallace State Office Building, 900 E. Grand Avenue 02 I I I, U.S.A. Des Moines, IA, 503 19, U.S.A. (tel) 617 338 0244 (tel) 515 281 8176 Michigan Department of Natural Resources Iowa Recycling Association Waste Management Division, PO. Box 3024 I, Lansing, MI 2742 SE Market St., Des Moines, IA 48909, U.S.A. 503 17, U.S.A. (tel) 5 I7 373 2730 (tel) 5 I5 265 0889 MI Recycling Coalition Kansas Department of Health and Environment PO Box 10240, Lansing, MI Bureau of Waste Management, Building 740, Forbes Field 4890 I, U.S.A. Topeka, KS, 66620,U.S.A. (tel) 5 I7 37 I 7073 (tel) 913 296 1594 Minnesota Pollution Control Agency Kansas Recyclers Association Inc. 520 Lafayette Road, North, St. Paul, MN EO. Box 70, Hutchinson, Kansas 55 155-3898, U.S.A. 67504, U.S.A. (tel) 612 296 6300 (tel) 3 I6 662 055 I Recycling Association of MN Kentucky Division of Waste Management 9409 Parkside Circle, Champlin, MN Resources Management Branch 553 16, U.S.A. I8 Reilly Rd., Frankfort, KY (tel) 6 I2 422 8788 4060 I, U.S.A. (tel) 502 564 6716 Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality Waste Reduction and Minimization KY Recyclers Association PO. Box 10385,Jackson, MS 2207 Eastern Ave, Covington, KY 39289-0385, U.S.A. 4 IO14, U.S.A. (tel) 601 961 5171 (tel) 606 356 8555 Missouri Solid Waste Program Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality Department of Natural Resources Division of Solid Waste PO. Box 176, Jefferson City, MO 7290 Blue Bonnett Dr., Baton Rouge, LA 65 102, U.S.A. 708 IO, U.S.A. (tel) 314751 3176 OR PO. Box 82 178, Baton Rouge, LA MO State Recycling Association 70884-2 178, U.S.A. PO Box 10220, Kansas City, MO (tel) 504 765 0249 64 I I I, U.S.A. (tel) 816 561 1087

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook 53 Montana Dept. of Health and Env. Science Solid Waste Program New York Dept. of Environemntal Conservation Cogswell Bldg., Helena, MT Bureau ofwaste Reduction and Recycling 59620, U.S.A. 50 Wolf Road, Room 200,Albany, NY ? (tel) 406 444 282 I 12233, U.S.A. (tel) 5 I8 457 7337 Associated Recyclers of Montana 458 Charles Street, Billings, MT NY State Association for Recycling 59 IOI, U.S.A. DSW 46 E. Bridge Street, Oswego, NY (tel) 406 252 5721 I3 126, USA. (tel) 3 I5 349 8329 Nebraska State Recycling Association I6I5 Howard Street, # 432, Omaha, NE North Carolina Dept. of Environmental 68 102, U.S.A. Health and Natural Resources (tel) 402 444 4 I88 Solid Waste management Branch PO. Box 27687, Raleigh, NC Nebraska State Recycling Association 276 I 1-7687, U.S.A. I94 I South 42nd Street, Suite 5 12, Omaha, NE (tel) 9 I9 733 0692 68 105, U.S.A. (tel) 402 444 4 I88 NC Recycling Association 7330 Chapel Hill Rd, Suite 207, Raleigh, NC Nevada Office of Community Services 27607, U.S.A. 400 W. King, # 400, Carson City, NV (tel) 9 I9 85 I 8440 897 IO, U.S.A. (tel) 702 687 4990 North Dakota Dept. of Health Division ofwaste Management NV Recycling Coalition I200 Missouri Avenue, Rm 302, Box 5520, Bismarck, ND PO Box 70393, Reno, NV 58502-5520, U.S.A. 89507-0393, U.S.A. (tel) 701 221 5166 (tel) 702 829 6872 ND Recyclers Association New Hampshire Department of Env. Services PO Box I 196, Bismarck, ND ‘I Waste Management Division 58502, U.S.A. J 6 Hazen Drive, Concord, NH, (tel) 701 223 6850 0330 I, U.S.A. (tel) 603 271 2900 Ohio EPA Division of Solid Waste Northeast Resource Recovery Association I800 Watermark Drive, Columbus, OH, 43266-0 149, U.S.A. (New Hampshire) (tel) 6 I4 644 3020 PO Box 72 I, Concord, NH 03302, U.S.A. Association of Ohio Recyclers (tel) 603 224 6996 I300 Weathervane Lane, Akron, OH 443 13, U.S.A. New Jersey Dept. of Environmental Protection (tel) 2 I6 867 0493 Ofice of Recycling CN4 14,840 Bear Tavern Road,Trenton, NJ Oklahoma Dept. of Health 08625, U.S.A. Solid Waste Division (tel) 609 530 8000 IO00 NE 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73 152, U.S.A. Association of New Jersey Recyclers (tel) 405 27 I 7 I59 I20 Finderne Ave., Bridgewater, Nj 08807, U.S.A. Focus On Recycling OK (tel) 908 722 7575 70 I SW 7th, Oklahoma City, OK 73 139-4599, U.S.A. New Mexico Environmental Department (tel) 405 634 1436 Solid Waste Section I I90 St. Francis Drive, PO. Box 26 I IO, Santa Fe, NM Oregon Dept. of Environmental Quality 87502, U.S.A. 8 I I S.W. Sixth Avenue, Portland, OR, 97204, U.S.A. (tel) 505 827 2850 (tel) 5 I3 229 6 I65

NM Recyclers Association Association of Oregon Recyclers U. of NM, 121 I Univ. Blvd. NE,Albuquerque, NM PO Box 15279, Portland, OR 87 I31-306 I, USA. 972 15, U.S.A. (tel) 505 277 1681 (tel) 503 255 5087

54 IBusiness Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook nnsylvania -Waste Reduction and Recycling Recycling Coalition of TX Dept of Environmental Resources 3 I I2 Canron, Suite 200, Dallas,TX PO. Box 2063, Harrisburg, PA 75226, U.S.A. I7105, U.S.A. (tel) 2 I4 670 4475 (tel) 7 I7 787 7382 Utah Department of Environmental Health PA Resources Council Bureau of Solid and Hazardous Waste 3606 Providence Rd, Newton Square, PA 288 N. 1460 West, Salt Lake City, UT 19073, U.S.A. 84 I 14-4880, U.S.A. (tel) 610 353 1555 (tel) 801 538 6170

Public Recycling Offtcials of PA Vermont Agency of Nat. Resources R.D. 2, Box I65B, Kittaning, PA Solid Waste Management Division I620 I, U.S.A. I03 S. Main St., WaterburyVT (tel) 412 548 7767 0576 1-0407, U.S.A. (tel) 802 244 783 I Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management Association of Vermont Recyclers 83 Park St., Providence, Rhode Island PO Box 1244, Montpelier,VT 02903, U.S.A. 0560 I- 1244, U.S.A. (tel) 401 277 3434 (tel) 802 229 1833 email: [email protected] South Carolina Dept. of Health and Environmental Control Virginia Dept. of Waste Management 2600 Bull Street, Columbia, SC Division of Litter Control and Recycling 2920 I, U.S.A. 14th Floor, Monroe Bldg., IOI N. 14th Street, Richmond,VA (tel) 803 734 5200 232 19, U.S.A. (tel) 804 225 2667 SC Recycling Association PO Box 7464, Columbia, SC VA Recycling Association 29202, U.S.A. c/o Division ofwaste Management; (tel) 803 252 9250 Municipal Center,Virginia Beach,VA 23456, U.S.A. South Dakota - Governor's Oflice of Energy Policy (tel) 804 430 2450 2 I7West Missouri, Ste 200, Pierre, SD 5750 I, U.S.A. Washington - Dept. of Ecology (tel) 605 773 3603 Mail Stop 7600, Olympia,WA 98504-7600, U.S.A. Recycling Coalition of South Dakota (tel) 206 459 6000 PO Box 90358, Sioux Falls, SD 57 105-9063, U.S.A. WA State Recycling Association (tel) 605 336 0213 203 E 4th St, Suite 422, Olympia,WA 9850 I, U.S.A. Tennessee - Dept. of Environment and Conservation (tel) 206 352 8737 Division of Solid Waste Management Customs House, 4th Floor, 70 I Broadway, Nashville,TN West Virginia - Department of Natural Resources, 37243- 1535, U.S.A. Conservation, Education and Litter Control (tel) 615 741 3424 I900 Kanawha Blvd., E., Capital Complex, Bldg. 3 Charleston, WV TN Recycling Coalition 25305, U.S.A. PO Box 787, Lebanon,TN (tel) 304 348 3370 37088, U.S.A. (tel) 615 443 9530 Wisconsin - Solid and Hazardous Waste PO.Box 792 I, Madison,WI Texas Water Commission 53707, U.S.A. Division of Solid Waste Management (tel) 608 267 7566 EO. Box 13087, Capital Station,Austin,TX 787 I I, U.S.A. Associated Recyclers of Wisconsin (tel) 5 I2 458 727 I PO Box 67 I, Madison, WI 5370 I, U.S.A. Texas Beneficial Use Coalition (tel) 608 255 2769 400 West 15th St., Suite 808,Austin,TX 7870 I, U.S.A.

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook 55 Wyoming - Department of Environment Quality, Solid Waste Management rschler Building, I22 W. 25th Street, Cheyenne,WY 82002, U.S.A. (tel) 307 777 7752 '3 Wyoming Recycling Association 122 West 25th St, Room 4220, Chyenne,WY 82002, U.S.A. (tel) 307 632 1245

an National Committee of the International Assn. on Water, Pollution Research and Control Avda. Brasil 3 I4I. Benito Blanco I047,Apt. 602 I I300 Montevideo, Uruguay (tel) 2 792 972

VeWZuelan National Committee of the International Assn. on Water, Pollution Research and Control Apartado 2006, Parque de 10s Casbos Caracas,Venezuela

Vietnam:

National Centre for Scientific &Technological Information & Documentation (NACESTID) Environment Information Division 24 Ly Thuong Kiet, Hanoi,Vietnam (tel) 4 263 108

URENCO (Urban Environment Company) I8 Cao Ba Quat Street, Hanoi,Vietnam (tel) 4 232 565

Environment 2000 Foundation IO Lawson Ave. EO. Box A639.Avondale Harare, Zimbabwe (tel) 263 4 795 46 I

..3

56 Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook Sector-Specific Organizations Automotive:

United States: 3 Advertising Mail: Automotive Recyclers Association United States: 3975 Fair Ridge Drive, Suite 20, Fairfax,VA 22033-2906, U.S.A. Direct Marketing Association (tel) 703 385 1001 I I West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036-8096, U.S.A. SMC Automotive Alliance (tel) 212 768 8277 33 IO W. Big Beaver Road, Suite I44,Troy, MI 48084-2902, U.S.A. (tel) 810 649 4888 Appliances: Vehicle Recycling Partnership United States: General Motors Coq. Environmental and Energy Staff 30500 Mound Road, Box 9055,Warren, MI Appliance Recycling Information Center 48090-9055, U.S.A. 701 PennsylvaniaAvenue, N.S., Suite 9OO,Washington, DC (tel) 3 I3 947 I852 20004, U.S.A. (tel) 202 434 7492 Batteries: Major Appliance Resource Management Alliance 20 N.Wacker Drive, Suite 1500, Chicago, IL International: 60606, U.S.A. (tel) 3 I2 984 5800 x 338 Battery Council International 40 I N. Michigan Avenue, Chicago, IL 606 I I, U.S.A. Aseptic Packaging: (tel) 312 644 6610 (3 International: United States: Alliance for Beverage Cartons and the Environment Association of Battery Recyclers 36, Rue Joseph II, Box 2,B- I040 P.0. Box 290286,Tampa, Florida Bruxelles, Belgium 33687, U.S.A. (tel) 32 2 219 0643 (tel) 813 626 6151

United States: C&D Debris: Aseptic Packaging Council 2 I I I Wilson boulevard, Suite 700,Arlington,VA United States: 2220 I, U.S.A. (tel) 703 351 5062 Construction Materials Recycling Association 29 N.Wacker Drive, Chicago, IL 60606, U.S.A. Asphalt: (tel) 3 I2 726 2802

United States: National Association of Demolition Contractors I6 N. Franklin St., Suite 2008, Doylestown, PA Asphalt Recycling & Reclaiming Association 1890 I, U.S.A. 3 Church Circle, Suite 250,Annapolis, MD (tel) 2 I5 348 4949 2 I40 I, U.S.A. (tel) 4 IO 267 0023 National Association of Home Builders I20 I 15th Street, N.W., Washington, DC Asphalt Rubber Producers Group 20005, U.S.A. 3 I2 Massachusetts Avenue, N.E., Washington, DC (tel) 202 822 0200 20002, U.S.A. (tel) 202 544 71 I I

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook a 57 Glass: Canada:

Europe: Canadian Steel Can Recycling

c/o Dofasco ~ European Glass Container Federation I330 Burlington Street, E. PO. Box 2460, Hamilton, ON Avenue Louise 89, I050 Bruxelles, Belgium L8N 3J5, Canada (tel) 32 2 539 3434 (tel) 905 548 4523

United Kingdom: Europe:

British Glass Aluminum Can Recycling Europe Northumberland Road c/o Alcan Deutschland GmbH Sheffield S IO 2UA, United Kingdom PO. Box 5 19, D-65726 Eschborn, Germany (tel) 42 I 68 6201 (tel) 49 06 I96 407 0

United States: Association of European Producers of Steel for Packaging The Glass Packaging Institute Avenue Louise 89, I050 Bruxelles, Belgium (tel) 32 2 537 9151 I80 I K Street, N.W., Suite I 105-L, Washington, DC 20006, U.S.A. (tel) 202 887 4850 Beverage Can Makers Europe Rue des Drapiers 2 I, I050 Bruxelles, Belgium (tel) 32 2 502 6802 Hazardous Materials: Greece: United States: AKAL -Aluminium Association of Greece 25-27 Loukareos Kyrillou Street, GR- I I475 Athens Citizens Clearinghouse for HazardousWaste (tel) 0 I 644 3 I09 PO. Box 6806,Arlington.VA 22040-6806, U.S.A. (tel) 703 237 2249 India:

Metal Scrap Trade Corporation, Ltd. HazardousWaste ManagementAssociation 430 I Connecticut Avenue, N.w., Suite 300, Washington, DC 225-F,Ascharya Jagadish Bose Road, Calcutta 700 020 20008, U.S.A. (tel) 91 33 47 0810 (tel) 202 244 4700 Ireland: North America Hazardous Materials Management Council Recycling Can-Paign Ireland Ltd. I5 Barre Street, Montpelier,VT I3Adelaide Street, Dun Laoghaire, County Dublin 05602, U.S.A. (tel) 01 284 1608 (tel) 802 223 9000 Italy: National Association of Chemical Recyclers I875 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite I200 RAIL - Consorzio dei Produttori di Washington, DC, 20009-5728, U.S.A. Contenitori in Alluminio (tel) 202 986 8 I50 V. Bernardi,ViaVittorioVeneto 1041 I I2 (tel) 02 614 541 I Metals: japan International: Japan Aluminum Can Recycling Association International Iron and Stel Institute Arpe Center Building, 4th Floor, 2- 13- I3,Akasaka 777 N. Capitol Street, NE, Suite 500,Washington. DC Minato-ku,Tokyo I07 20002-420 I, U.S.A. (tel) 81 3 3505 1750 (fax) (tel) 202 962 3596 Japan Used Can Treatment Association International Primary Aluminum Institute Akio Sato, 1-8-3 Chiyoda-ku, Kokusai-Kaikan 745 8th Floor, New Zealand House, Haymarket Tokyo 100 London, SW IY 4TE (tel) 81 3 321 I 2072 (tel) 44 I 71 930 0528

58 Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook Spain: Steel Recycling Institute 680 Anderson Drive, Pittsbergh, PA ARPAL - Asociacion para el Reciclado 15220, U.S.A. de Productos de Aluminio (tel) 800 876 7274 M. Aballe, Paris, 120- I', E-08036 Barcelona (tel) 03 419 4773 Tin Information Center of North America I353 Perry Street, Columbus, OH United Kingdom: 4320 I, U.S.A. (tel) 6 I4 424 6200 Aluminum Can Recycling Association 5 Gatsby Court, I76 Holliday Street, Birmingham BI ITJ, United Kingdom Oil: (tel) 02 I 633 4656 United States: British Scrap Federation I6 High Street, Brampton, Huntingdon American Petroleum Institute Cambs PE I8 8TU, United Kingdom I220 L Street, N.W., Washinton, DC (tel) 44 I 480 45 5249 20005, U.S.A. (tel) 202 682 8543 British Secondary Metals Association 25 Park Road, Park House, UK - Runcorn Association of Petroleum Re-refiners Cheshire WA7 4SS, United Kingdom PO. Box 605, Ellicott Station, Buffalo, NY (tel) 44 I 928572400 14205-0605, U.S.A. (tel) 7 I6 855 2757 United States: The Filter Hotline Aluminum Association PO. box 13966, Research Triangle Park, NC 900 19th St., N.W., Suite 300,Washington, DC 27709-3966, U.S.A. 20006, U.S.A. (tel) 800 993 4583 (tel) 202 862 5 IO0 National Oil Recyclers Association American Foundrymen's Society I2429 Cedar Road, Suite 26, Cleveland, OH 505 State Street, Des Plaines, IL 44 106, U.S.A. 600 16, U.S.A. (tel) 216 791 7319 (tel) 708 824 0 I8I National Petroleum Refiners Association American Iron and Steel Institute I899 L Street, N.W., Suite 1000,Washington, DC I I33 15th Street, N.W., Suite 300, Washington, DC 20036, U.S.A. 20005, U.S.A. (tel) 202 457 0480 (tel) 202 452 7100

The Aluminum RecyclingAssociation, Inc. Organics: 1000 I6 Street, N.W., Suite 603,Washington, DC 20036, U.S.A. International: (tel) 202 785 095 I Organic Reclamation & Composting Association Can Manufactuerers Institute (ORCA) I625 Massachusetts Ave., N.W., Washington, DC 83,Avenue E. Mounier, B- I 20036, U.S.A. B- I200 Bruxelles, Belgium (tel) 202 232 4677 (tel) 32 2 772 9080

Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries Canada: I325 G St. N.W., Suite IOOO,Washington, D.C 20005-3 104, U.S.A. Composting Council of Canada (tel) 202 737 1770 I6 Northumberland St.,Toronto, ON M6H IP7, Canada The Lead Industries Association (tel) 416 535 0240 292 Madison Avenue, New York NY IO0 I 7, U.S.A. Germany: (tel) 2 I2 578 4750 'b Bauer GmbH Postfach 20 I I, D-46350, Sudlohn Germany (tel) 28 62 70 90

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook 59 United Kingdom: Grocery Manufacturers of America IO IOWisconsin Ave., N.W., Suite 800, Washington, DC British National Composting 20007, U.S.A. Development Association (tel) 202 337 9400 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds Leeds, LS2 9JT. United Kingdom Florida Organic Recyclers Association (tel) 0532 002 308 PO. Box 180458, Casselberry, FL 327 18-0458, U.S.A. United States (national ornanizations!: (tel) 407 260 1313

Agricultural Composting Association Composting Committee of Indiana PO. Box 608, Belchertown, MA Indiana Department of Environmental Management 0 1007, U.S.A. I05 S. Meridian Street, Indianapolis, IN (tel) 4 I3 323 9294 46206, U.S.A. (tel) 3 I7 738 2546 National Food Processors Association Louisiana Organic Recycling Council 140 I NewYork Avenue, N.W., Suite 400,Washington, DC 20005, U.S.A. 968 West Side Drive, PO. Box 340,Vidalia, LA (tel) 202 639 5900 71 373, U.S.A. (tel) 3 I8 336 8332 National Renderers Association 801 N. Fairfax Street, Suite 207,Alexandria,VA Agricultural Composting Association 223 14, U.S.A. PO. Box 608, Belchertown, MA (tel) 703 683 0 I55 0 1007, U.S.A. (tel) 4 I3 323 453 I National Restaurant Association Michigan Composting Council I200 17th Street, N.W., 8th Floor,Washington, DC 20036, U.S.A. PO. Box 10240, Lansing, MI 48907, U.S.A. (tel) 202 33 I 59 I3 (tel) 5 I7 371 7073 United States (state organizations!: St. Louis Area Composting Council St. Louis County Office of Solid Waste Arizona Organic Products Committee I I I S. Meramec Avenue, Clayton, MO EO. Box 2533, Phoenix,AZ 63 105, U.S.A. 85002-2533, U.S.A. (tel) 3 14 854 6958 (tel) 602 207 4 I70 SCORE Association of Compost Producers 27 Mill ST., Medford, NJ I9600 Fairchild, Suite 120, Irvine, CA 08055, U.S.A. 927 15, U.S.A. (tel) 609 794 2673 (tel) 7 I4 476 4080 North Carolina Composting and California Organics Recycling Council Organics Recycling Council 4395 Gold Trail Way, Loomis, CA 7330 Chapel Hill Road, Suite 207, Raleigh, NC 95650, U.S.A. 27607, U.S.A. (tel) 9 I6 652 4450 (tel) 9 I9 85 I 8444 Association of North Coast Organic Recyclers Ohio Compost Producers Association County of Sonoma, Department of Public Works 88 E. Broad Street, Suite I 120, Columbus, OH 575 Administration Drive, Room I I7A, Santa Rosa, CA 432 15, U.S.A. 95403, U.S.A. (tel) 614 221 7371 (tel) 707 527 223 I Pennsylvania Composting Association Southern Callifornia Compost Coalition EO. Box 38783, Pittsburgh, PA I2,OOOVista Del Mar, Playa Del Rey, CA 15238-8783, U.S.A. 90293, U.S.A. (tel) 4 I2 767 7645 (tel) 3 IO 648 5 I25 Tennessee Composting Council Food Marketing lnsitute 800 Connecticut Ave., N.W., Washington, DC EO. Box 4520, Sevierville,TN 1 37864, U.S.A. 20006, U.S.A. 11 (tel) 6 I5 453 5676 (tel) 202 452 8444

60 Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook Texas Beneficial Use Coalition South Australian Centre for Economic Studies 400 West 15th St., Suite 808,Austin,TX PO.Box 125, Rundle Mall SA5000 7870 I, U.S.A. Australia

Great Plains Composters Association Trade Practices Commission HCR 3, Box 34,Tulia,TX Yellow Bldg, Benjamin Offices, Cnr Chan St. & Benjamin Way 79088, U.S.A. Belconnen 26 16 ACT,Australia (tel) 806 627 4222 (tel) 6 264 I166

Virginia Organics Recycling and Canada: Composting Committee Virginia Cooperative Extension, Department of Crop & Soil Science Canadian Industry Packaging Stewardship 424 Smyth Hall, Blacksburg,VA c/o Grocery Products Manufacturers of Canada 2406 1-0403, U.S.A. 885 Don Mills Road, Suite 30 I, Don Mills, ON (tel) 540 231 9739 M3C IV9, Canada (tel) 4 I6 5 IO 8024 Washington Organic Recycling Council I07 Cherry St., Suite 500, Seattle, WA Canadian Soft Drink Association 98 104, U.S.A. 55 York Street, Suite 330,Toronto. ON (tel) 206 587 0 I7I M5J I R7, Canada (tel) 4 I6 362 2424 Northwest Biosolids Management Association http://www.softdrin k.ca 83 I Seond Avenue, MS- 138, Seattle, WA 98 104- I598, U.S.A. Packaging Association of Canada (tel) 206 684 I 145 2255 Sheppard Avenue, E., Suite 330, Willowdale, ON M2J 4Y I, Canada West Virginia Composting Association (tel) 4 I6 490 7860 Hydrochem Laboratories EO. Box 400, Shenandoah ]unction,WV Paper and Paperboard Packaging 25442, U.S.A. Environmental Council (tel) 304 725 6174 70 I Evans Avenue, suite 400, Etobicoke, ON M9C IA3, Canada West Virginia Composting Council (tel) 416 626 0350 Department of Agricukural & EnvironmentalTechnology ASA Building, Room 128, Morgantown,WV Europe: 26506, U.S.A. (tel) 304 293 5031 Association of European Producers of Steel for Packaging Avenue Louise 89, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium Packaging: (tel) 32 2 537 9151

International: Beverage Can Makers Europe Rue des Drapiers 2 I, I050 Bruxelles, Belgium World Packaging Organization (tel) 32 2 502 6802 42, ave. deversailles F-750 I6 Paris, France The European Organization for Packaging (tel) I 42 88 29 74 and the Environment 26 Avenue Livingstone, Bte 2- I3 Austria: I040 Bruxelles, Belgium (tel) 32 2 230 8401 ARA (Alstoff Recycling Austria) Schottefeldgasse 29, I072 Vienna, Austria Finland: (tel) I 521 370 Finnish Packaging Association Austrian Packaging Centre (tel) (0) 651 344 Wiedner Haupstrasse 62, 1045 Vienna, Austria (tel) I 50 IO 53 04 5 SFS (Finnish Standards Association) Pb I 16, SF-0024 I Helsingfors, Finland Australia: (tel) (0) 149 933 I email: [email protected] Packaging Council of Australia (tel) 03 698 4278

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook I61 France: Packaging Committee Catharijnsingel 54-6, PO. Box I929 I, 350 I DG Utrecht AFNOR (Section Environnement) The Netherlands Tour Europe - Cedex 7,92049 Paris La Defense, France (tel) 30 364 243 (tel) I 42 91 59 26 SVM (Packaging & Environment Foundation) Eco-Emballages PO. Box 95598,2509 CAN The Hague 44 Avenue George Pompidou, 92300 Levallois - Perret, France The Netherlands (tel) 33 I 4089 9999 (tel) 70 381 9091

Germany: Norway:

Duales System Deutschland (DSD) Environment Ministry (tel) 22 03 93 72 62 Department of Consumer Afairs PO.Box 8036 Dep., 0030 Oslo I, Norway Umweltbundesamt (Federal Environment Agency) (tel) 223 49 090 Postfach 33 00 22, I4I9 I Berlin, Germany (tel) 30 23 145 703 Stiftelesen Miljomerking Kristian August Gate 5, N-0 I64 Oslo I, Norway Umweltbundesamt (tel) 22 360 710 Bismarckplatz I, D- I4I93 Berlin, Germany (tel) 30 231 45 699 Poland:

Ireland: EKO-PAK (Polish Industrial Coalition for Environment-friendly Packaging) Recycling Can-Paign Ireland Ltd. (tel) 2 620 9974 I3 Adelaide Street, Dun Laoghaire, County Dublin (tel) 01 284 1608 Portunal:

Japan: Direccauo-Geral da Industria Av. Conselheiro Gernando de Sousa I I Japan Aluminum Can Recycling Association P- IO00 Lisboa, Portugal Arpe Center Building, 4th Floor, 2- 13- I3,Akasaka (tel) I 65 9161 Minato-ku,Tokyo 107 (tel) 81 3 3505 1750 (fax) Singapore:

Japan Used Can Treatment Association Singapore Green Labelling Scheme Secretariat Akio Sato, 1-8-3 Chiyoda-ku, Kokusai-Kaikan 745 40 Scotts Road #20-00, Environment Building Tokyo 100 22823 I Singapore (tel) 81 3 321 I 2072 (tel) 73 I 9136

Japan Environment Association s!avakla! (tel) 3 3502 0309 SLICPEN Luxembourn: (tel) 7 360 820

Valorlux South Korea: (tel) 498 749 Ministry a. Lhe Environment Mexico: International Ofice (fax) 2 504 9205 Mexican Association of Bottling & Packaging Versalles 35 of 502,06600 Mexico, D.F. Office of Industrial Waste (tel) 52 5 566 86 77 (fax) 2 504 92 IO

The Netherlands: Sweden:

Stichting Milieukeur Federation of Swedish Industries Eisenhowerlaan 150, NL-25 I7 KP Den Haag (tel) 783 8102 The Netherlands (tel) 70 358 6300

62 IBusiness Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook SIS Environmental Labelling Program National So* Drink Association Swedish Standards Institution Solid Waste Management Dept Box 3295, S- I03 66 Stockholm, Sweden I101 16th St., NW,Washington, DC (tel) 8 61 3 5327 20036, U.S.A. (tel) 202 463 6700 Taiwan: Packaging Research Foundation Green Mark PO. box 189, Kennett Square, PA (tel) 886 35 9 I622 I 19348, U.S.A. (tel) 6 IO 444 0659 United Kingdom: Paperboard Packaging Council Eco Labelling Board 888 17th Street, N.W., Washington, DC Eastbury House, 30-34 Albert Embankment 20006, U.S.A. London SW I P 3EB, England (tel) 202 289 4 IO0 (tel) I 71 820 I I99

Industry Council for Packaging and Environment Paper: (INCPEN) Tenterden House, 3 Teneterden St. Brazil: London, W IR 9AH, England (tel) I 71 409 0949 BrazilianTechnical Pulp and Paper Association Rua Ximbo, I65 Aclimacao, 04 I08 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Producer Responsibility Group (PRG) (tel) I I 574 0166 4th Floor West, I 14 Knightsbridge London, SW IX 7LJ, United Kingdom Canada:

United States: Candian Pulp and Paper Association Sun Life Building, 19th Floor, I 155 Metcalfe Street Association of Foam Packaging Recyclers Montreal, PQ I275 K Street, N.W., Suite 400, Washington, DC H3B 4T6, Canada 20005, U.S.A. (tel) 5 I4 866 662 I (tel) 202 371 2491 China: Container Recycling Institute 1400 16th St., NW,Washington, DC China Technical Association of the Paper Industry 20036-22 17, U.S.A. I2 Guanghua Rd., Beijing I00020 (tel) 202 797 6839 People’s Republic of China (tel) I 500 2880 Council on Packaging in the Environment I255 Twenty-Third St., NW, Ste. 850,Washington, DC Europe: 20037- I 174, U.S.A. (tel) 202 33 I 0099 Confederation of European Paper Industries Avenue Louise 306, I050 Bruxelles, Belgium Center for Packaging Research and Plastics Recycling (tel) 32 2 627 49 I I Rutgers University Building 3529, PO. Box I 179, Piscataway, NJ International Confederationof Paper and Board 08855- I 179, U.S.A. Converters in the European Community (tel) 908 932 3679 Arndstrasse 47,6000 Frankfurt am Main I, Germany (tel) 49 69 74 6070 Flexible Packaging Association I09Verrnont Avenue, N.W., Suite 500,Washington, DC Japan: 20005-4690, U.S.A. Japan Paper Association Foodservice & Packaging Institute 3-9- I I Paper Pulp Building, Ginza, Cyuuou-ku I90 I N. Moore Street, Suite I I I I ,Arlington,VA Tokyo 103 22209, USA. (tel) 81 3 3248 4801 (tel) 703 527 7505 Paper Recycling Promotion Centre Institute of Packaging Professionals 2- 16- I2 Ginza Otsuka, Ginza, Cyuuou-ku 481 Carlisle Crive, Herndon,VA Tokyo 104 22070-48 19, U.S.A. (tel) 81 3 3541 9171 (tel) 703 3 I8 8970

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook 63 Netherlands: National Office Paper Recycling Project US. Conference of Mayors Dutch Association of Paper Recycling Merchants I620 Eye Street, N.W., 4th Floor, Washington, DC (Federatie Nederlandse Oudpapier Industrie) 20006, U.S.A. PO. Box 1024,2340 BA Oegstgeest (tel) 202 223 3088 (tel) 31 71 I5 6360 Newspaper Association of America Slovenia: I I600 Sunrise Valley Drive, Reston,VA 2209 I- I412, U.S.A. Professional Association of Pulp and (tel) 703 648 1000 Paper Industriesof Slovenia Dimiceva 9, SLO-6 IO00 Ljubljana, Slovenia Recycled Paper Coalition (tel) 61 301 133 Peninsular Conservation Center 392 I E. Bayshore Road, Palo Alto, CA Switzerland: 94303, U.S.A. (tel) 415 985 5568 Union Suisse des Fournisseurs de Vieux Papiers Postfach 94,40 I3 Basel (tel) 041 61 322 77 66 Plastics:

United Kingdom: Austria:

British Waste Paper Association National Guild of Plastics Processors Alexander House, Station Road,Aldershot Wiedner Haupstrasse 63, I045 Vienna, Austria Hants GU I I I BQ, United Kingdom (tel) 43 I 501 053 234 (tel) 44 I 252 344454 Brazil: United States: Abiplast, Brazilian Plastics Industry Association 100% Recycled Paperboard Alliance Avenida Paulista, 2429,8th Floor, 0 I3I 1-936 Sao Paulo, SP I675 Broadway, New York, NY (tel) 55 I I 282 82 88 IO0 19, U.S.A. (tel) 202 463 2780 Ambreplast, BrazilianAssociation of Plastic Materials Recyclers American Paper Institute Rua Guaratuba, 98,043 10-050 Sao Paolo, SP I250 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 2 IO, Washington, DC (tel) 55 I I 577 2871 20036, U.S.A. (tel) 202 463 2420 Canada:

American Forest & Paper Association Canadian Plastics Institute I I I I 19th St, N.W.,Washington, DC 5925 Airport Road, Suite 5 15, Mississauga, ON 20036, U.S.A. L4V IW I, Canada (tel) 800 878 8878 (tel) 905 612 9997

Corrugated Packaging Council Canadian Polystyrene Recycling Association 2850 Golf Road, Rolling Meadows, IL 7595 Tranmere Drive, Mississauga, ON 60068, U.S.A. L5S I L4, Canada (tel) 708 364 9600 (tel) 905 612 8290 httpi/www.loa.com/corrugated Environment and Plastics Institute of Canada Council on Paper Waste Stream Management 5925 Airport Road, Suite 500, Mississauga, ON c/o Risser & Associates L4V IW I, Canada 52 I 5th Avenue, Suite 1802, New York, NY (tel) 905 678 7748 IO I75, U.S.A. (tel) 212 953 1850 Society of the Plastics Industry of Canada 5925 Airport Road, Suite 500, Mississauga, ON Fibre Box Association L4V IW I, Canada 2850 Golf Road, Rolling Meadows, IL (tel) 905 678 7748 60008, U.S.A. (tel) 708 364 9600

64 IBusiness Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook Denmark: Pakistan:

Danish Plastics Federation Pakistan Plastic Manufacturers Association 48 NorreVoldgage, KD- I 358 Copenhagen K, Denmark H- I6Textile Avenue, S.I.T.E., Karachi 75700 (tel) 45 33 13 30 22 (tel) 92 21 257 2884

Europe: Portugal:

Association of Plastics Manufacturers in Europe Portuguese Association of the Plastics Industry Avenue Evan Nieuwenhuyse 4, Box 5 Rua de D. Estefania 32-2, IO00 Lisbon B- I I60 Bruxelles, Belgium (tel) 351 I 315 0633 (tel) 32 2 675 3258 Spain: Association of the Plastics Processing Industry Am Hauptbahnhof 12, D-60329 FrankfurdMain, Germany Spanish Confederation of Plastics Enterprises (tel) 49 69 2 71 05 0 Av. Brasil 17- 13-A, 28020 Madrid (tel) 34 I 556 7575 Finland: Sweden: Finnish Plastics Industries Federation Etelaranta IO, 7th Floor, PO. Box 4,OO I3I Helsinki Swedish Plastics Industry Association (tel) 358 0 17 28 4315 Torsgatan 2, PO. Box I 133, I I I 8 I Stockholm (tel) 46 8 236 3000 Israel: Switzerland: Society of Israel Plastics and Rubber Industry 29 Hamered Street, PO. Box 50022,6 I500 Tel-Aviv Swiss Plastics Association (tel) 972 3 5 I9 8846 Schachenallee 29,5000 Aarau (tel) 41 62 823 0863 Japan: r'\ United Kinedom: Japan Expanded Polystyrene Recycling Association 'd Fax Building 2-20, Kandasakuma-cho, Chiyoda-ku British Plastics Federation Tokyo I0 I 6 Bath Place, Rivington Street, London (tel) 81 3 38 61 9046 EC2A 3JE, United Kingdom (tel) 44 I 71 457 5000 Japan PET Bottle Association lshikawa CO Building, 9- I I, I chrome, Kajimachi United States: Chiyoda-ku,Tokyo 103 (tel) 81 3 52 94 7591 American Plastics Council I275 K Street, N.W., Suite 400,Washington, DC Plastic Waste Management Institute 20005, U.S.A. Fukide Building, I- I3,4 chome,Toranomon (tel) 202 37 I 53 I9 Minato-ku,Tokyo I05 http://www.plasticsresource.com (tel) 81 3 34 37 2251 Association of Post-Consumer Plastics Recyclers Mexico: I040 Broad St., Ste 302, Shrewsbury, NJ 07702, U.S.A. National Association of the Plastics Industry (tel) 202 974 5419 Av. Parque Cahpultepec 66, Despacho 30 I Col. El Parque Naucalpan 53390, Mexico Center for Plastics Recycling Research (tel) 52 5 576 55 47 Rutgers University, Livingston Campus Building 4109, New Brunswick, NJ New Zealand: 08903, U.S.A. (tel) 908 445 3679 Plastics Institute of New Zealand EO. Box 76-378, Level 4, Manukau City Centre,Auckland National Ass. for Plastic Container Recovery (tel) 64 9 262 37 73 IO0 Tyron St., Ste 3770, Charlotte, NC 28202-4000, U.S.A. (tel) 704 358 8882

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook I65 National Association for Plastic Container Recovery Canada: (NAPCOR) 4828 Parkway Plaza Blvd., Suite 260, Charlotte, NC Rubber Association of Canada 282 17, U.S.A. 89 Queensway W., Suite 308, Mississauga, ON (tel) 703 357 3250 L5B 2V2, Canada (tel) 905 270 8322 Plastic Bag Association 35 Lexington Avenue, New York, NY United States: IO0 17, USA. (tel) 212 661 4261 Rubber Manufacturers Association I400 K Street, N.W., Suite 900, Washington, DC Plastic Loosefill Council 20005, USA. c/o free flow Packaging (tel) 202 682 4800 I093 Charter Street, Redwood City, CA 94063, U.S.A. Rubber Pavements Association (tel) 415 364 I 145 3 I2 Massachusetts Avenue, N.E., Washington, DC 20002, U.S.A. Plastic Lumber Trade Association (tel) 202 544 71 I I c/o Plastic Lumber Co. 520 S. Main Street, Building 7,Akron, OH 4431 1-1010, U.S.A. Textiles: (tel) 216 762 8989 India: Plastics Institute of America University of Massachusetts - Lowell Waste Minimisation Group 333 Aiken Street, Lowell, MA Desai Street, Sagrampura, Surat 395 002, India 0 1954, U.S.A. (tel) 26 I 63 I 964 (tel) 508 934 3 I30 United Kingdom: Polystyrene Packaging Council, Inc. I025 Connecticut Ave., N.W., Ste 5 15, Washington, DC The Reclamation Association 20036, U.S.A. 16 High Street, Brampton, Huntindon, Cambs (tel) 202 822 6424 PE I8 8TU, United Kingdom (tel) 44 I 480 45 5249 Polyurethanes Recycled and Recovery Council 355 Lexington Avenue, NewYrok, NY United States: IO0 17, U.S.A. (tel) 212 351 5422 Carpet and Rug Institute Society of Plastics Engineers Carpet Recycling Committee PO. Box 2048 Dalton, GA I4 Fairfield Drive, Brookfield Center, CT 30722, U.S.A. 06804-0403, U.S.A. (tel) 706 278 3 I76 (tel) 203 775 0471

Society of the Plastics Industry Cellulose Insulation Manufacturers Association I36 South Keowee Street, Dayton, OH I275 K Street, N.W., Suite 400,Washington, DC 45402, U.S.A. 20005, U.S.A. (tel) 202 974 5200 (tel) 513 222 2462

Council for Textile Recycling Society of the Plastics Industry’sVinyl Institute 65 Madison Ave., Morristown, NJ 79 IO Woodmont Avenue, Suite I212, Bethesdam MD 208 14, U.S.A. 07960, U.S.A. (tel) 301 656 1077 (tel) 201 898 6699

Secondary Materiasl & Recycled Textiles Association 79 IO Woodmont Avenue, Suite I212, Bethesda, MD, 208 14, Rubber: U.S.A. (tel) 301 656 1077 North America:

North American Recycled Rubber Association I60 Baseline Road, Bowmanville, ON L IC IA2, Canada (tel) 905 623 89 I9

66 Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook Tires:

International:

:Cl International Tire & Rubber Association EO. Box 37203, Louisville, KY 40233, U.S.A. (tel) 502 968 8900

Canada:

Tire Dealers Assocation of Canada 686 Valetta Street, London, ON N6H 2Y6, Canada (tel) 5 19 641 2548

United States:

National Tire Dealers & Retreaders Association I250 Eye St., NW, Ste 400,Washington, DC 20005, U.S.A. (tel) 202 789 2300

Scrap Tire Management Council 1400 K. Street, NW, Suite 9OO,Washington, DC 20005, U.S.A. (tel) 202 682 4880

Tire Retread Information Bureau 900 Weldon Grove, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, U.S.A. (tel) 408 372 1917

Wood:

International:

InternationalAssociation of Pallet Recyclers EO. Box 48 I, Memphis,TN 38 IO1-048 I, U.S.A. (tel) 901 523 7887

United States:

National Wooden Pallet & Container Association I800 N. Kent Street, Suite 9 I I,Arlington,VA 22209-2 104, U.S.A. (tel) 703 527 7667

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook I67 Waste Exchanges: Saskatchewan Waste Materials Exchange IO 1-2 I9 22nd Street E., Saskatoon, SK International: S7K OG4, Canada (tel) 306 93 I 3242 ? Resource Exchange and News 3250 Townsend, N.E., Grand Rapids, MI Ireland: 49505, U.S.A. (tel) 616 363 3262 Industrial Science Centre Lisburn, Nr. Ireland IntercontinentalWaste Exchange (tel) 846 665 161 5200 Town -Center Circle, Suite 303, Boca Raton, FL 33486, USA. The Netherlands: (tel) 407 392 9993 Nationale Reststoffenbeurs Trans-Continental Materials Exchange PO. Box 65,6800 AB arnhem 3505 A CEBA, Baton Rouge, LA The Netherlands 70803, U.S.A. (fax) 085 457333 (tel) 504 388 4594 North America: Pacific Materials Exchange S. 3707 Godfrey Blvd., Spokane,WA Montana Industrial Waste Exchange 99204, U.S.A. (North America) (tel) 509 623 4244 PO. Box 1730, Helena, MT 59624, U.S.A. Canada: (tel) 406 442 2405

Canadian Waste Materials Exchange Canadian Chemical Exchange ORTECH International (Eastern Canada and Northeast US) 2395 Speakman Drive, Mississauga, Ontario PO. Box I 135, Ste-Adele, Quebec L5K IB3, Canada ]OR ILO, Canada (tel) 905 822 41 I I x 265 (tel) 514 229 651 I

Alberta Waste Materials Exchange 68 I5 8th Street, N.E., Suite 350, Calgary,AL United States: T2E 7H7, Canada (tel) 403 297 7505 Southern Waste Information Exchange (Notional) British Columbia Waste Exchange PO. Box 960,Tallahassee, FL I525 W. 8th Ave., # I02,Vancouver, BC 32302, U.S.A. V6J IT5, Canada (tel) 800 44 I 7949 or 904 644 55 I6 (tel) 604 731 7222 Enstar Corporation Manitoba Waste Exchange (National) I812-330 Portage Avenue, Suite 1440, Winnipeg, MB PO. Box 189, Latham, NY, R3C OC4, Canada I2I IO, U.S.A. (tel) 204 942 7781 (does not list post-consumer waste) (tel) 518 279 431 I Ontario Waste Exchange ORTECH International Indiana Waste Exchange 2395 Speakman Drive, Mississauga, Ontario (National) L5K IB3, Canada I29 I Cumberland Avenue, Suite C, West Lafayette, IN (tel) 905 822 41 I I x 265 47906- 1385, U.S.A. (tel) 3 I7 494 5036 Quebec MaterialsWaste Exchange 14 Place du Commerce, Bureau 350, He-des-Soeurs, PQ The National Surplus Exchange Program H3E IT5, Canada (National) (tel) 5 I4 762 90 I2 PO. Box 2262, Shawnee Mission, KS 6620 1-2262, U.S.A. Regional Municipality of Peel (tel) 816 421 1080 IO Peel Centre Drive, 3rd Floor, Brampton, Ontario L6T 489, Canada National Materials Exchange Network .> (tel) 905 791 9400 (Notional) http://www.earthcycle.com/nmen

68 IBusiness Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook Northeast Industrial Waste Exchange CALMAX {Northeast) (California) 620 Erie Boulevard W., #2 I I, Syracuse, NY 909 12th Street, Suite 205, Sacramento, CA 13204, U.S.A. 95826, U.S.A. (tel) 3 I5 422 6572 (tel) 9 I6 255 2369

Southeast Waste Exchange California Waste Exchange {Southeast) (California - hazardous materials) Urban Institute, UNCC Station PO. Box 806, Sacramento, CA Department of Civil Engineering 958 12-0806, U.S.A. Charlotte, NC (tel) 916 322 4742 28223, U.S.A. (tel) 704 547 5307 Rocky Mountain Materials Exchange (Colorado) Wastelink, Div. ofTencon, Inc. I445 Market Street, Denver, CO {Kentucky, Indiana, and Ohio) 80202, U.S.A. I40 Wooster Pike, Milford, OH (tel) 303 692 3009 45 150, U.S.A. (tel) 5 I3 248 00 I2 Florida Recycling Material System 2207 N.W. 13th Street, Suite D,Gainesville, FL RENEW,Texas Water Commission 32609, U.S.A. (Texas, Louisiana, Mexico) (tel) 904 392 6264 PO.Box I3087,Austin,TX 787 I 1-3087, U.S.A. Southern Waste Exchange (tel) 5 I2 463 7773 (Florida) PO. Box 96O,Tallahassee, FL Industrial Materials Exchange (IMEX) 32302, U.S.A. (Pacific Northwest and Canada) (tel) 904 644 5524 506 2nd Avenue, Room 20 I, Seattle, WA 98 104-23 I I, U.S.A. Hawaii Materials Exchange 206 296 4899 PO. Box 1048, Paia, HI 96779, U.S.A. Alabama Waste Materials Exhange (tel) 808 579 9 I09 404 Wilson Dam Avenue, Sheffield,AL http://maui.netlnmrghimex/himexI .html 35660, U.S.A. (tel) 205 383 5630 Business Materials Exchange (Ilhnois) Alaska Materials Exchange PO. Box 4 193, Bloomington, IL 441 W. 5th Avenue, Suite 300,Anchorage,AK 6 I702-4 193, U.S.A. 9950 I, U.S.A. (tel) 309 828 61 12 (tel) 907 272 5364 Industrial Materials Exchange Service Arizona Waste Exchange (Illinois) 4725 E. Sunrise Drive, Suite 2 I5,Tucson,AZ PO. Box 19276, Springfield, IL 857 18, U.S.A. 62794-9276, U.S.A. (tel) 602 299 77 I6 (tel) 217 782 0450

Arkansas Industrial Development Council Indiana Waste Exchange # I Capitol Mall, Little Rock,AR PO. Box 454, Carmel, IN 7220 I, U.S.A. 46032, U.S.A. (tel) 501 682 1370 (tel) 3172328188

San Francisco Waste Exchange By-products and Waste Search Service (California) (Iowa) 2524 Benvenue # 35, Berkeley, CA University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA 94704, U.S.A. 506 14-0 185, U.S.A. (tel) 415 548 6659 (tel) 3 19 273 2079

California Waste Exchange Investment Recovery Association Dept of Health Services, Toxic Substances Control Division {Kansas) Alternative Technology, PO. Box 806, Sacramento, CA 58 I8 Reeds Road, Mission, KS 958 12, U.S.A. 66202-2740, U.S.A. (tel) 906 324 1807 (tel) 9 I8 66 I 3727

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook a 69 Kansas Materials Exchange Keep Nebraska Beautiful Waste Exchange PO. Box 152, Hutchinson, KS (Nebraska) 67504-0 152, U.S.A. 4630 Antelope Creek Road, Lincoln, NE (tel) 3 I6 662 055 I 68506, U.S.A. (tel) 402 486 4562 Kentucky Department of Environmental Protection 14 Riley Road, Frankfort, KY New Hampshire Material ExchangelWasteCap 4060 I, USA. I22 N. Main Street, Concord, NH (tel) 502 564 67 I6 0330 I, USA. (tel) 603 224 5388 LouisiandGulf Coast Exchange Institute for Recyclable Materials Industrial Waste Information Exchange Louisiana State University, College of Engineering (New jersey) I4I 9 CEBA, Baton Rouge, LA New Jersey Chamber of Commerce 70803, U.S.A. 50 W. State Street, Suite I I IO,Trenton, Nj (tel) 504 388 4594 08608, USA. (tel) 609 989 7888 Berkshire Materials Exchange Center for EcologicalTechnology New Mexico Materials Exchange (Massachusetts) Four Corners Recycling, EO. Box 904, Farmington, NM I I2 Elm Street, Pittsfield, MA 87499, U.S.A. 0 I 20 I, U.S.A. (tel) 505 325 2157 (tel) 41 3 445 4556 Hudson Valley Materials Exchange Industrial Fabric Products Review (New York) Materials Exchange Program PO. Box 550, New Paltz, NY (Minnessota) I256 I, U.S.A. 345 Cedar Street, #800, St. Paul, MN (tel) 9 I4 255 3749 55 IOI - 1088, U.S.A. (tel) 612 222 2508 Southeast Waste Exchange (North Carolina) Minnesota Technical Assistance Urban Institute, Univ. of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC Program Materials Exchange 28223, U.S.A. (Minnessota) (tel) 704 547 5307 I3I3 5th Street, S.E., Suite 207, Minneapolis, MN 554 14, U.S.A. Ohio WasteNet (tel) 6 I2 627 4555 CEC Consultants, 6907 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44 129, U.S.A. SEMREX (tel) 2 I6 749 2992 (Minnessota) I7I W. 3rd Street,Winona, MN Oklahoma Waste Exchange Program 55987, U.S.A. PO. Box 5355 I, Oklahoma City, OK (tel) 507 457 6460 73 152, U.S.A. (tel) 405 271 5338 TRIMEX (Minnessota) South Carolina Waste Exchange 60 I N. 20th Avenue, St. Cloud, MN I55 Wilton Hill Road, Columbia, SC 56303, U.S.A. 292 12, U.S.A. (tel) 612 255 6140 (tel) 803 755 3325

MISSTAP Vermont Business Materials Exchange (Mississippi) PO. Box 935, Brattleboro,VT PO. Drawer CN, Mississippi State, MS 05302, U.S.A. 39762, U.S.A. (tel) 802 257 7505 (tel) 601 325 8454 Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Montana Material Exchange IO I S. Webster Street, Madison,WI MSU Extension Service,Taylor Hall, Bozeman, MT 53702, U.S.A. 597 I 7, U.S.A. (tel) 608 267 9523 (tel) 406 994 3451

70 Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook Periodicals: Common Sense on Energy and Our Environment PO. Box 2 15, Morrisville, PA American Glass Review 19067-02 15, U.S.A. PO. Box 2 147, Clifton, NJ (tel) 215 736 I I53 070 15, U.S.A. (tel) 201 779 I600 Composting Council Quarterly Newsletter I 14 S. Pitt Street,Alexandria,VA American Metal Market 223 14, U.S.A. 825 7th Avenue, New York, NY (tel) 703 739 2401 IO0 19, U.S.A. (tel) 2 I2 887 8550 Composting News 8383 Mentor Avenue, Suite 102, Mentor, OH American Papermaker 44060, U.S.A. Six Piedmont Center, 3525 Piedmont Road, Suite 300 (tel) 216 255 1454 Atlanta, GA, 30305, U.S.A. (tel) 404 325 9 I53 Container Recycling Report PO. Box 10540, Portland, OR American Waste Digest 972 10-0540, U.S.A. 374 Circle of Progress, Pottstown, PA (tel) 503 227 I3 I9 19464, U.S.A. (tel) 6 IO 326 9480 Council on Packaging in the Environment Quarterly I255 Twenty-Third St., N.W., Washington, DC Automotive Recycling 20037- I 147, U.S.A. 3975 Fair Ridge Drive, Suite 20,Terrace Level - North (tel) 202 331 0099 Fairfax,VA, 22033-2906, U.S.A. (tel) 703 385 1001 Demolition Age I6 N. Franklin Street, Suite 200-B, Doylestown, PA BioCycle I890 1-3536, U.S.A. 4 I9 State Avenue, Emmaus, PA (tel) 2 I2 348 4949 18049-3097, U.S.A. (tel) 2 I5 967 4 I35 E,The Environmental Magazine PO. Box 5098,Westport, CT Biogas & Natural Resources Management Newsletter 0688 I, U.S.A. PO. Box I9 I, Kathmandu, Nepal (tel) 203 854 5559 (tel) I 410 498 EHMl ReSource BottlelCan Recycling Update PO. Box 70, Durham, North Carolina PO. Box 10540, Portland, OR 03824, U.S.A. 972 10-0540, U.S.A. (tel) 603 868 1496 (tel) 503 227 13 19 Environmental Building News Bottlemaking Technology and Market News RR I, Box I6 I, Brattleboro,VT 9 Drumlin Road,Westport, CT 0530 I, U.S.A. 06880, U.S.A. (tel) 802 257 7300 (tel) 203 226 9929 Environmental Business Journal Buy Recycled Newsline 4452 Park Boulevard, Suite 306, San Diego, CA I727 King Street, Suite IO5,Alexandria,VA 92 I 16, U.S.A. 223 14-2720, U.S.A. (tel) 6 I9 295 7685 (tel) 703 683 9025 Environmental Digest C&D Debris Recycling 344 23rd Street West, Owen Sound, ON 29 N.Wacker Drive, Chicago, IL N4K 4G7, Canada 60606, U.S.A. (tel) 5 I9 371 6289 (tel) 3 I2 726 2802 Environmental Watch Western Europe Can Technology International Cutter Information Corporation 625 N. Michigan Avenue, Suite 2500, Chicago, IL 37 Broadway Avenue, Arlington, MA 606 I I, U.S.A. 02 174-5539, U.S.A. (tel) 312 654 2312 (tel) 617641 5125

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook 7 I European Plastics News Inside Waste 260 Field End Road, Eastcote, Middlesex I500 W. El Camino Avenue, Suite 2 16, Sacramento, CA HA4 9LT, United Kingdom 95833- 1945, U.S.A. (tel) 081 868 4499 (tel) 916 441 4427

Fibre Market News International Papermaker 40 I2 Bridge Avenue, Cleveland, OH 57 Executive Parks,Atlanta, GA 44 I 13, U.S.A. 30329, U.S.A. (tel) 216 961 4130 (tel) 404 325 9 I53

FI as hpoi n t Japan Environment Monitor I875 Connecticut Avenue, Suite 1200, Washington, DC 400 Yamanashi-ken, Kofu-shi, Saiwai-cho 18- I I 20009-5728, U.S.A. Kofu, Japan (tel) 202 986 8 I50 (tel) 81 0552 28 5386

Focus on Tin Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, Middlesex Department of Civil Engineering, Widener University UB8 3PJ, United Kingdom One University Place, Chester, PA (tel) I 895 272406 I90 13-5792, U.S.A. (tel) 6 IO 449 4042 Glass Industry I8 East 4 I st Street, NewYork, NY L’Environnement Magazine IO0 17, U.S.A. 38 rue Croix-des-Petits-Champs, Paris (tel) 212 376 7722 7500 I, France (tel) 33 42 60 01 93 Glass Recycling Glass Packaging Institute Light Metal Age 1627 K Street, N.W., Suite 800,Washington, DC I70 South Spruce Avenue, Suite 120, South San Francisco, CA 20006, U.S.A. 94080, U.S.A. (tel) 202 887 4850 (tel) 415 588 8832

The Green Business Letter Links I5 I9 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 820 Kirts Boulevard, Suite IOO,Troy, MI 20036, U.S.A. 48084, U.S.A. (tel) 202 332 1700 (tel) 8 IO 244 62 I I

Green Market Alert MSW Management 345 Wood Creek Road, Bethlehem, CT 2 I6 E. Gutierrez, Santa Barbara, CA, 93 IOI, U.S.A. 0675 I, U.S.A. (tel) 805 899 3355 (tel) 203 266 7209 Materials Recycling Markets Handlers News (plastics) PO. Box 577, Odgensburg, NY, 13669, U.S.A. I275 K Street, Suite 400, Washington, DC (tel) 800 267 0707 20005, U.S.A. (tel) 202 371 53 I9 Materials Recycling Week PO. Box 109, Maclaren House, I9 Scarbrook Rd, Croydon Household Hazardous Waste Management News Surrey, CR9 I QH, UK I6 Haverhill Street,Andover, MA (tel) I 81 688 7788 0 I8IO, U.S.A. (tel) 508 470 3044 Metal Bulletin Monthly Park House, Park Terrace, Worcester Park ISWA Times Surrey, KT4 7HY, United Kingdom Bremerholm I, DK- I069 Copenhagen K, Denmark (tel) I 81 827 9977 (tel) 45 33 9 I449 I Mill Trade Journal’s Recycling Markets Industrial Fabric Products Review 43 Main Street,Avon-by-the-Sea, NJ 345 Cedar Street, Suite 800, St. Paul, MN 077 17, U.S.A. 55 IOI - 1088, U.S.A. (tel) 908 502 0500 (tel) 6 I2 222 2508 Minnis Business Press Industrial Waste Management Level I, 50 Atchison Street, St. Leonards, NSW I I I St. James’s Road, Croydon, CR9 2TH, United Kingdom 2065, Australia (tel) I 81 684 2660 (tel) 61 2 906 2644

72 Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook Modern Metals Paper Age Can Technology International 420 Washington Street, Suite 104, Braintree, MA 625 N. Michigan Avenue, Chicago, IL 02 184, U.S.A. 606 I I, U.S.A. (tel) 6 I7 849 0226 (tel) 3 12 654 2300 Phoenix Modern Plastics Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries, Inc. I22 I Sixth Avenue, New York, NY I325 G Street, N.W., Suite 1000,Washington, DC 10020, U.S.A. 20005-3 104, U.S.A. (tel) 212 512 6242 (tel) 202 737 1770

The NRC Connection Pima Magazine I727 King Street, Suite IO5,Alexandria,VA 2400 E. Oakton Street,Arlington Heights, IL 223 14-2720, U.S.A. 60005, U.S.A. (tel) 703 683 9025 (tel) 847 956 0250

NSWMA Newswatch Plastics Engineering National Solid Wastes Management Association I4 Fairfield Drive, Brookfield, CT 430 I Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 300, Washington, DC 06804-0403, U.S.A. 20008, U.S.A. (tel) 203 775 0471 (tel) 202 244 4700 Plastics in the Environment New Steel Harriman Chemsult Ltdl, 45 Britton Street, London I9 I S. Gary Avenue, Carol Stream, IL EC IM 5NA, United Kingdom 60 188, U.S.A. (tel) I 71 4905100 (tel) 708 665 1000 Plastics News NewYork Waste Reporter I725 Merriman Road, Akron, OH PO. Box 305, Fredonia, NY 443 I3- 1725, U.S.A. 14063-0305, U.S.A. (tel) 330 836 9180 (tel) 7 I6 673 I390 http://www.plasticsnews.com

News &Views Plastics Recycling Update Environment and Plastics Institute of Canada PO. Box 10540, Portland, OR Suite 500,5925 Airport Road, Mississauga, ON 972 10-0540, U.S.A. L4V I W I, Canada (tel) 503 227 I319 (tel) 905 678 7748 Plastics Technology Official Board Markets 355 Park Avenue South, New York, NY 3 I2W. Randolph Street, Suite 600, Chicago, IL IO0 IO- 1789, U.S.A. 60606- I72 I, U.S.A. (tel) 2 I2 592 6570 (tel) 3 12 553 8922 Plastics World Ontario Recycling Update 275 Washington Street, Newton, MA Recycling Council of Ontario 02 158, U.S.A. 489 College St., Suite 504,Toronto, ON (tel) 6 I7 558 4232 M6G IA5, Canada (tel) 416 960 1025 Platt’s Metals Week I22 I Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY Paper 10020, U.S.A. Sovereign Way,Tonbridge, Kent (tel) 2 I2 5 I2 2823 TN9 I RW, United Kingdom (tel) I 732 364422 Progress in Paper Recycling PO. Box 277 I,Appleton, WI Paper Recycler 549 I 3-277 I, U.S.A. 600 Harrison Street, San Francisco, CA (tel) 414 832 9101 94 107, U.S.A. (tel) 415 905 2263 Pulp & Paper 600 Harrison Street, San Francisco, CA The Paper Stock Report 94 107, U.S.A. I3727 Holland Road, Cleveland, OH (tel) 415 905 2200 44 142-3920, U.S.A. (tel) 216 362 7979

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook 73 Pulp & Paper International Recycling Product News Chaussee de Charleroi I23a, Bte. 5 I625 lngleton Avenue, Burnaby, BC B- I060 Brussels, Belgium V5C 4L8, Canada (tel) 32 2 538 60 40 (tel) 604 291 9900

The Pulse RecyclingTimes Canadian Association of Recycling Industries 430 I Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 300 Washington, DC 350 Sparks Street, Suite I 105, Ottawa, Ontario 20008, U.S.A. K IR 7S8, Canada (tel) 202 244 4700 (tel) 613 234 1831 RecyclingToday Raw Materials Report 401 2 Bridge Avenue, Cleveland, OH PO. Box 44062, S- IO0 73 Stocklolm, Sweden 44 I 13-3320, U.S.A. (tel) 46 8 744 00 65 (tel) 216 961 4130

Recharger Resource Recovery Report 4 I 24 Mobley Avenue, Riverside, CA 53 I3 38th Street, N.W., Washington, DC 92505, U.S.A. 200 15, U.S.A. (tel) 909 359 8570 (tel) 202 362 6034

Reconditioner Resource Recycling 840 I Corporate Drive, Suite 425, Landover, MD P.O. Box 10540, Portland, OR 20785-2224, U.S.A. 972 10-0540, U.S.A. (tel) 301 577 3786 (tel) 503 227 I3I9

Recycled Paper News ReuselRecycle 6732 Huntsman Boulevard, Springfield,VA 85 I New Holland Avenue, Box 3535, Lancaster, PA 22 152, U.S.A. 17604-3535. U.S.A. (tel) 703 451 0688 Scrap Recycled Products Business Letter Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries I I906 Paradise Lane, Herndon,VA I325 G Street, N.W., Ste 1000, Washington, DC 2207 I - I 5 19, U.S.A. 20005-3 104, U.S.A. (tel) 703 758 8436 (tel) 202 737 1770

Recycling Canada Scrap Tire News 344 23rd Street,West, Owen Sound, ON P.O. Box 7 14, Suffield, CT, 06078, U.S.A. N4K 4G7, Canada (tel) 202 668 5422 (tel) 519 371 6289 Solid Waste Digest Recycling Coordinator 805 Cameron Street, Alexandria,VA 76 North Maple Avenue, Suite 152, Ridgewood, NJ 223 14, U.S.A. 07450, U.S.A. (tel) 800 234 8692 (tel) 201 670 9223 Solid Waste Report Recycling Laws International 95 I Pershing Drive, Silver Spring, MD 6429 Auburn Avenue, Riverdale, MD 209 10-4464, U.S.A. 20737- I614, U.S.A. (tel) 301 587 6300 (tel) 301 345 4237 Solid Waste Technologies The Recycling Magnet 4 IO Archibald Street, Kansas City, MO Steel Recycling Institute, 680 Andersen Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 64 I I 1-3046, U.S.A. 15220, U.S.A. (tel) 816 931 1311 (tel) 412 922 2772 State Recycling Laws Update Recycling Manager 6429 Auburn Avenue, Riverdale, MD 825 7th Avenue, New York, New York 20737- I 6 14, USA. IO0 19, U.S.A. (tel) 301 345 4237 (tel) 2 I2 887 8950 TAPPI Journal Recycling Markets I5 Technology Parkway, South, Norcross, GA 255 Revere Drive, Suite IO I, Northbrook, IL, 60062, U.S.A. 30092, U.S.A. (tel) 847 498 5850 (tel) 404 446 1400

74 IBusiness Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook The ULS Report Environmental Labellinn: PO. Box I30 I I6,Ann Arbor, MI 48 I 13, USA. Blue Angel (tel) 313 668 1690 Federal Environmental Office, Bismarkplatz I, 1000 Berlin 33, Germany Walden's Fiber & Board Report (tel) 49 228 305 2350 225 N. Franklin Turnpike, Ramsey, NJ 07446- 1600, U.S.A. EcoMark (tel) 201 818 8630 Kazuhiro Ohkuma, Environment Agency 1-2-2 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku,Tokyo 100,Japan Warmer Bulletin Bridge House, High Street,Tonbridge, Kent Environmental Choice TN9 IDP, United Kingdom I07 Sparks Street, 2nd Floor, Ottawa, ON (tel) I 732 368333 KIA OH3, Canada

Waste Age Green Seal 430 I Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 300,Washington, DC I250 23rd Street, Suite 275, Washinton, DC 20008, U.S.A. 20037, U.S.A. (tel) 202 244 4700 (tel) 202 331 7337

Waste Dynamics of the Northeast Scientific Certification Systems I50 Dow Street, Manchester, NH I6I I Telegraph Ave., Suite I I I I, Oakland, CA 03 IOI, USA. 946 12, U.S.A. (tel) 603 624 1442 (tel) 510 832 1415

Waste Management News TELARC 225 North New Road,Waco,Texas Environmental Choice of New Zealand, Private Bag, REMUERA, 767 10, U.S.A. Auckland 5, New Zealand (tel) 8 I7 776 9000 (tel) 64 9 523 1045 (fax) 64 9 524 0962 Waste News 1725 Merriman Road, Suite 300,Akron, Ohio Other Contacts: 443 13, U.S.A. (tel) 216 836 9180 The American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy Waste Not IO0 I Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 80 I,Washington, D.C. 82 Judson Street, Canton, NY, I36 17, U.S.A. 20036, U.S.A. (tel) 3 I5 379 9200 (tel) 202 429 8873

Waste Recovery Report Council on Environmental Quality 2 I I South 45th Street, Philadelphia, PA Old Executive Office Building, 17th Street and Pennsylvania I 9 104, USA. Avenue, NW,Washington, DC (tel) 215 349 6500 20500, U.S.A. (tel) 202 345 5750 Waste Reduction Tips I I906 Paradise Lane, Herndon,VA E Source 2207 I- I5 I 9, USA. I050 Walnut Street, Suite 205, Boulder, Colorado (tel) 703 758 8436 80302, U.S.A. (tel) 303 440 5681 Waste Tech News I026 Bannock Street, Denver, CO The Environmental Agency 80204, U.S.A. 1-2-2 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku,Tokyo-To 100,Japan (tel) 303 628 0701 (tel) 81 3 3581 3351

World Paper Green Lights Sovereign Way, Tonbridge, Kent EPA Global Change Division TN9 I RW, United Kingdom 40 I M Street, S.W. (6202-]),Washington, D.C. (tel) I 732 364422 20460, U.S.A. (tel) 202 233 9 I90 World Wastes 6 I5I Powers Ferry Road, Atlanta, GA Ministry of International Trade and Industry 30339-294I, U.S.A. 1-3- I Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku,Tokyo-To 100,Japan (tel) 404 955 2500 (tel) 81 3 3501 151 I

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook I75 The Ministry of Health and Welfare The Regional Environmental Center 1-2-2 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku,Tokyo-To 100, Japan for Central and Eastern Europe (tel) 8 I 3 3503 I7 I I http://www.rec.org/Default.shtml

US. Council for International Business North America: Environmental Afairs I2I 2 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY Solid Waste Association of North America 10036,U.S.A. http://www.swana.org/ (tel) 212 354 4858 Austria:

Umweltbundesamt Web Sites: [email protected]

International: Australia:

Bureau of International Recycling Australian Conservation Foundation http://www.bi r.org/ http://www. peg.apc.org/-acfenvl

Clean Islands International Environment Protection Group http://islands.org/ http://www.environment.gov.au/portfolio/epg/epg. html

International Institute for Environment Bureau of Industry Economics and Development http://www.dist.gov.au/bie/bie-home. html http://www.iied.org/ Belgium: International Solid Waste Association http://www.iswa.dk/ BBL-Bond Beter Leefmilieu http://www.ecomarkt.net/bbl/index.html Friends of the Earth International http://www.xs4all.nl/-foeint/ Ministerie van Sociale Zaken, Volksgezondheid en Leefmilieu United Nations Environment Program (Ministry of Social Afairs, Public Health and Environment) http://www.unep.ch/ http://www.vito.be/emis/pages/minsocvl. htm

The World Bank Bolivia: http://www.world ban k.org/html/ Conservation Data Center World Resource Foundation http://www.latinsynergy.org/cdcbolivia.htm http://www.wrfound.org.uk/index.html Canada: World Resources Institute, http://www.wri.org/wri/ ' Environment Canada http://www.doe.ca/ World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) http://www.panda.org/ Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment http://www.ccme.ca/ccme/index. html Worldwatch Institute. http://www.igc.apc.org/worldwatch/index.html Recycling Council of British Columbia http://www.rcbc. bc.ca

British Columbia Ministry of Association of Cities for Recycling Environment, Lands & Parks http://www.acr. be/defauIt. htm http://www.env.gov. bc.ca/

European Environment Agency Recycling Council of Alberta http://www.eea.dk/ http://www.recycle.ab.ca/

European Recycling and the Environment Alberta Environmental Protection http://www.catalog.com/tec/recycle/eurorec.htm http://www.gov.ab.ca/dept/env. html

76 Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook Saskatchewan Environmental Society Germany: http://www.lights.com/ses/ Environment Ministry-Germany Saskatchewan Waste Reduction Council http://www.bmu.de/ http://www.lin k.ca/-swrcl ___-Greece: Recycling Council of Manitoba. http://www.winnipeg.freenet.m b.ca/recycle/index. html Ministry for the Environment, Physical Planning and Public Works Ontario Ministry of the Environment http://www.minenv.gr/welcome-en. html http://www.ene.gov.on.ca/ Hona Konn: Recycling Council of Ontario http://www.we b.net/rco/ Environmental Protection Department (Hong Kong) http://www.hk.super.net/-david-ha/home.htm Societe quebecoise de recuperation et de recyclage-Recyc-Quebec Friends of the Earth-Hong Kong http://www.recyc-quebec.gouv,qc.ca/ http://www.hk.super.net/-foehkl

New Brunswick Department of Environment Green Power http://www.gov.nb.ca/envi ronml http://user.hk.linkage.net/-greenpow/links.htm

The Conservation Council of New Brunswick The Conservancy Association http://www.amulet.nb.ca/ccnb/plumbing.htm http://home.netvigator.com/-cahk/

Ministere de I'Environnement et de la Faune World Wide Fund for Nature (Hong Kong) http://www.mef.gouv.qc.ca/mef/fr/index.htm http://www.wwf.o rg. hk/

Clean Nova Scotia Iceland: http://www.ccn.cs.daI.ca/Environment/CNSF/cnsf. html Ministry for the Environment (Iceland) Ecology Action Centre http://www.mmedia.is/umhverfilenglis h/ http://www.ccn.cs.daI.ca/Environment/EAC/EAC-Home.html India: Ecology North http://www.ssimicro.com/-Eeconorthl Development Alternatives http://www.ecounciI.ac.cr/devalt/damain.htm Chinese Information and Culture Center http://www.tai pei,org/teco/cicc/default.htm Ireland: Denmark: Department of the Environment for Northern Ireland http://www.doeni.gov.uk/index. htm Danish Energy Agency http://www.ens.dk/uk/frameA.htm The Environmental Information Service (ENFO) http://www.enfo.ie/ Estonia: Israel: Ministry of the Environment http://www.envir.ee/index-us.html Adam Teva V'Din Finland: http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/-jboninelisrael.htm1 Japan: Finland Environment Ministry http://www.vyh.fi/moe/moe.htm The Environmental Agency http://www.eic.or.jp/eanet/index-e. html France: Friends of the Earth Japan French Environment Ministry http://www.vcom.or.jp/-foe-j/one. html http://www.environnement.gouv.fr/english/engsom.htm

Friends of the Earth-France http://www.union-fin.fr/natcog/at/at. html

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook a 77 Latvia: Amigos de IaTierra (FOE Spain) (in Spanish) http://www.arra kis.es/-tierral Latvian Environment Data Centre http://www.vdc.Iv/eng/index. htm Sweden:

Malaysia: The Ministry of the Environment http://www.sb.gov.se/info-rosen bad-englministriesl Malaysian Nature Society environment.html http://www.asiatel.com.my/mns/index.htm Switzerland: Netherlands: Friends of the Earth-Switzerland Netherlands Ministry of Housing, Spatial http://www.Pronatura.ch/ Planning, and the Environment http://www.m invrom .n I/h ome-e .htm Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research Friends of the Earth-Netherlands http://www.em pa.ch/index-e.htm http://www.milieudefensie.nl/ Taiwan: New Zealand: EPA-Taiwan New Zealand Ministry for the Environment http://www.i hei.com/ http://www.mfe.govt.nz/index.htmI Thailand: Norway: Ministry of Science,Technology and Environment Royal Ministry of Environment (Norway) http://www.ostc-was.org/moste/moste.html http://odin.dep.no/md/ YMCA of Chiangmai Environment Peru: Resource Sharing Programme http://www.ymca.int/thailand. htm CEPIS http://www.cepis.org.pe/ United Kingdom:

Poland: FoE-Friends of the Earth England, Wales and Northern Ireland lnstytut Gospodarki Odpadami http://www.foe.co.uk http://www.igo. katowice.pl/eng/ Friends of the Earth-Scotland Puerto Rico: http://www.foe-scot1and.org.u k National Recycling Forum Caribbean Recycling Foundation (Puerto Rico) http://www.ecosaurus.co.u Wbuyrecyclindex.html http://ouMorld.compuserve.com/homepages/CRF/homepage.htm The Scottish Consumer Council South Africa: http://cil.gcal.ac.uk/ScotCC/default.html Keep South Africa Beautiful The Environment Council http://www.southafrica.net/economy/conservation/ http://www.greenchannel.com/tec/index.htm beautifdhtml Department of the Environment Singapore: http://www.open.gov.uk/doe/doehome.htm

SingaporeMinistry of the Environment United States: http://www.gov.sg/env/ The Air &Waste Management Association Singapore Trade Development Board http://www.awma.org/txtindex.htm http://www.td b.gov. sgl Cornell Waste Management Institute (CWMI) Spain: http://www.cfe.corneII.edu/wmi/

AENOR Environmental Defense Fund http://www.interchg.ubc.ca/ecolabel/spain.html http://www.edf.org

78 IBusiness Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook Environmental Industry Associations Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection http://www.envasns.org/ http://dep.state.ct.usMlaste_Management/index.htm

Green Hotels Association Delaware Department of Natural Resources http://www.green hotels.com/ and Environmental Control http:/lwww.dnrec.state.de.us/ Greenpeace http://www.greenpeace.org/index.shtmI Florida Department of Environmental Protection http://www.dep.state.fl.us/index.html INFORM http://www.informinc.org/ Recycle Florida Today http://www.enviroworld.com/Resources/RFT.html Institute for Local Self-Reliance http://grn.com/grn/org/ilsr. html Georgia Department of Community Affairs http://www.dca.state.ga.us/ Keep America Beautiful, Inc. http://www.kab.org/ Idaho Department of Health and Welfare . http://www.social,com/health/nhic/data/hrI 700/hr I 706.html National Audubon Society http://www.audu bon.org/ Illinois Environmental Protection Agency http://www.epa.state.il.us/org/bol/swms National Recycling Coalition (NRC) http://earthsystems.org/aboutnrc.htmI Indiana Department of Environmental Management http://www.ai.org/idem/index.html National Waste Prevention Coalition http://www.metro kc.gov/nwpc/ Indiana Recycling Coalition http://www.papertraiI.com/irc/ Northeast Recycling Council (NERC) http://www,nerc.org/ Iowa Department of Natural Resources http://www.state.ia.us/government/dnr/ The Clean Washington Center http://www.cwc.org/index.html Kansas Department of Health and Environment http://www.state.ks.us/public/kdhe/ US Environmental Protection Agency http://www.epa.gov/ Kentucky Department of Environmental Protection http://www.state. ky.us:80/agencies/nrepc US. Public Interest Group http://www.igc.apc.org/pirg/uspirg/index.htm Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality http://www.deq.state.la.us Waste Watch Center http://www I .shore.net/-wwc/ Maryland Department of Environment http://www.mde.state.md.us/pu blic/newpub.html Worldwatch Institute http://www.worldwatch.org/ Maryland Recyclers Coalition http://marylandrecyclers.org/ Alabama Department of Environmental Management http://www.adem.state.al.us/ Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation http://www.magnet.state.ma.us/dep/bwp/bwphome.htm http://www.state.ak.us/local/akpages/ENVhome. htm Michigan Department of Environmental Quality Arkansas Department of Pollution http://www.deq.state.mi.us/wmd/sections/swpshome.htmi Control and Ecology http://www.adeq.state.ar.us/ Minnesota Pollution Control Agency http://ww.pca.state.mn.us/waste/pu bslindex.html California Integrated Waste Management Board http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov/mrt/wpw/wpinfoex/orderdoc.htm Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality http://www.deq.state.ms.us Colorado Department of Public Health and the Environment Missouri Department of Natural Resources http://www.state.co.us/gov_dir/cdphe_dir/hm/hmgeninf. html http://www.state.mo,us/dnr/deq/swmp/swmdinfor.htm

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook I79 Nebraska State Recycling Association Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources http://www.omahafreenet.org/nsra/index.html http://www.dnr.state.wi.us.eq/errhw

New Hampshire Department of Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality Environmental Services Solid Waste Program http://www.state.n h.us/des/pub-open.htm http://www.deq.state.wy.us

New Mexico Recycling Coalition Vietnam: http://www.state.nm.us/spd/bale.html National Centre for Scientific and Technological The New Mexico Environment Department Information and Documentation http://www.nmenv.state.nm.us/ http://www.PanAsia.org.sg/

North Carolina Dept. of Environmental Health Zimbabwe: and Natural Resources http://wastenot.ehnr.state.nc.us/swhome/swhome.htm Environment 2000 Foundation http://www.zim babwe.net/business/enviro2000/ North Carolina Recycling Association http://www.recycle.net/recycle/ncra

North Dakota Department of Health http://www.ehs.health.state.nd.us/ndhd/index.htmI-ssi

Ohio Department of Natural Resources http://www.dnr.ohio.gov/odnr/recycling

Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality http://www.deq.state.ok.us/waste. html

Oregon Department of Environmental Quality http://www.deq.state.or.us/wimc/solwaste/rsw.htm

Association of Oregon Recyclers http://aor. home.mindspring.com/

Pennsylvania-Waste Reduction and Recycling http://www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/deputate/airwaste/wm/defauIt.htm

South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control http://www.state.d hecleqcpubs. htm

Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation http://www.state.tn.us/environment/

Recycling Coaliton of Texas http://www.recycletx.org/

Utah Department of Environmental Health http://I 61. I I9.100.19/

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality http://www.deq.state.va.us/deq/homepage.htmI

Vermont Agency of Natural Resources http://www.cit.state.vt.us/anr/bidec. htm

Association of Vermont Recyclers http:www.sover.net/-recycle

Washington Department of Ecology http://www.wa.gov/ecology/swfa/recycle. html

80 IBusiness Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook Areas With Solid Waste Regulations

These countries, (highlighted above), have some type of regulations regarding solid waste:

Argentina Hong Kong Poland Australia Hungary Portugal Austria Iceland Slovakia Belgium Indonesia South Africa Brazil Ireland South Korea Canada Israel Spain Chile Italy Sweden China Japan Switzerland Columbia Luxembourg Taiwan Czech Republic Mexico United Kingdom Denmark Netherlands United States Egypt New Zealand Uruguay Finland Norway Venezuela France Pakistan Vietnam Germany Paraguay Greece Phillipines

Other areas either have no regulations, or there was no information available at the time of publication.

Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling Workbook 81

Business ranment : Solution ng World

Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling at Special Events

THE DOCUMENT COMPANY XEROX -

f Business and the Environment: Solutions for a Changing World

Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling at Special Events

i The Coin The words ecology and economy share common roots - both originate from the Greek word “oikos”, meaning “home”.These common origins illustrate the fundamental link between the environment and our economy.

Xerox Corporation Environment, Health and Safety 800 Phillips Road, 0 105-70C Webster, NY, I4580

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Table of Contents

Introduction ...... I

Organize Team ...... 2 Analyze Waste Generation and Disposal Systems ...... 3 Identify Alternatives to the Existing System ...... 4 Evaluate Each Alternative ...... 4 Design Program ...... 4 Promote New Program to all Participants ...... 5 Launch Program ...... 6 Continuous Improvement...... 6 Other “Green” Opportunities at Special Events ...... 7 i

- i i Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling at Special Events

Over the past 15 years, waste reduction and recycling programs have been implemented mainly in households and in the workplace (i.e., offices and factories). More recently, similar programs have been developed for special events (e.g., sporting events, concerts, and trade shows).

The Xerox Earth Crew led the implementation of a major, successful recycling program at the I996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. Working with the Olympic Commit- tee and other partners,Xerox applied its experience in workplace waste reduction and recycling to this unique challenge. Millions of spectators, athletes, and media representatives were given the opportunity to recycle, in every area of every Olympic venue-in Atlanta and throughout Georgia and Tennessee. This was followed by developing and managing the recycling program for the I997 California State Games.

While many aspects of a recycling program at a special event will be the same as in a workplace program, there are also some significant differences.

the “target audience” at a special event is a transient population-they are present only for a matter of hours or at most a few days; an educational program must therefore be immediately effective-there is little opportunity to refine and improve over time,as there is in a workplace; the audience will typically be somewhat distracted, since they are attending a special event, rather than following a regular daily routine at work-this is not only the case at a major event like the Olympics, it is also true at a con- cert or a trade show; there will often be other unique issues at a special event (e.g., the unique security procedures that can add significant complications to a relativelysimple recycling program).

Even with these unique challenges, in our experience the approach that should be followed in the design and implementation of waste reduction and recycling at special events can follow the basic framework that would apply to a workplace program. In this regard, the following eight steps have been taken from the Xerox Business Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling. Use these tabs to refer to the applicable sections in the Guide.

team to implement the waste reduction program. existing waste generation and disposal system. alternatives to the existing system.

4 “ each alternative. waste reduction program.

6 *-a a new program to ail participants. program.

8 -.a program on a continuing basis.

Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling at Special Events I1 Each of these steps has been described fully in the Business Guide, in terms of a workplace program. Rather than repeating this information, this Special Events Guide has been written to work as a companion publication. The unique issues and applications that should be considered for a special event program are outlined in the following sections.

Points to Consider Here are some points to consider, while reviewing the following sections of this Guide:

Make Recycling a Priority. A special event recycling program will be more likely to succeed if it is treated as a fundamental part of event planning-just like food & beverage vending, cleaning, and traditional waste collection & disposal.

20Start Early. Planning for your recycling program should begin at the same time as you begin planning for the event itself. If you treat recyclingas an afterthought, it will be less likely to succeed.

3. Do You Need Help? Recycling at special events has unique challenges, and it's possible that you'll want to look for help. If you need help, here are some options to consider:

Community and Municipal Recycling Projects: Your local community may have dedicated projects and staff who would welcome the opportunity to expand beyond residential or commercial facilities, to assist you in designing or operating a special event recycling program. There might be some cost, or it might be offered as a community setvice. local school recycling groups could represent another valuable source of support for your program. Any of these types of organizations could also be a valuable source of volunteers for your event.

Consultants: Some waste management and recycling consultants offer services that could make your program more successful. The cost will vary according to the size and complexity of your event-perhaps from hundreds to thousands of dollars, for a typical program.

Local Recycling Companies: local businesses who operate other recycling programs may also help. They know recycling, and may have some practical experience in other special events recycling programs. They may charge a fee for this assistance or you may involve them on the condition that they assist with design and planning.

If you decide to seek outside assistance, it's important to be sure that you're dealing with people who have worked with events of similar size and scope. There can be a major difference between a small local fair and a sporting event with many thousands of spectators. We certainly learned this lesson at the Atlanta Olympics.

We also learned that mounting a successful special events recycling program can be very exciting and rewarding. Besides being fun, and providing clear environmental benefits, there can be distinct marketing benefits too-you can significantly raise the profile of your company, at the event and in your community.

2 Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling at Special Events Organize Team to Implement the Waste Reduction Program

In a workplace program your team will be comprised of staff from different levels and areas of responsibility within your company. In a special event program this team will be equally important, but made up of representatives from separate firms or sectors. Typical members would include:

the event Organizing Committee

event staff (e.g., logistics, security, volunteers) maintaining and troubleshooting the event sponsors waste management program atthe Atlanta 5ummer Olympics. food and beverage suppliers and vendors cleaning contractors waste haulers

While each of these sectors does not necessarily have to play a major role in the actual recycling program, they will all have some impact on the program’s success. If they are involved and informed early in the 1 process, they will be able to support the program more effectively.

Above is pictured a portion of the Xerox Earth Crew

Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling at Special Events 3 Analyze Existing Waste Generation and Disposal System

In a workplace program there will often be a waste system in place, with useful historical data. In a special event program it is more likely that historical data will be limited or non-existent, even if the event has been held previously (e.g., an annual sporting event). ~

In the Analyze section of the Business Guide, the focus is on an examination of something that is already in place. For a special event - analysis, the focus will likely be more on plans (i.e., projections) than on historical information. In this regard:

food and beverage suppliers and vendors will typically be able to provide useful data regarding expected sales, by type of source reduction measures container or package; diverted 300,333 pounds of this information can be used to develop reasonably accurate usable food to feed the poor. projections for waste stream quantities and composition; the details produced through this analysis can be used to guide design of the event recycling program.

In an ideal world, your analysis will be done at the same time as others are beginning the design of their particular components of the special event. However, this is not always possible. While your program will be more effective if given the chance to influence purchasing decisions of other suppliers, your program will still make a positive impact upon the waste stream if designed after other plans have been established.

A special event waste management and disposal system will typically be much simpler than a household or workplace system. Much of the waste will be generated through the food and beverages consumed by participants and spectators. There will possibly be packaging (e.g., cardboard boxes) used for products that are sold at the event. And there will likely be paper wastes generated in media and office areas serving the event.

At the Atlanta Summer Olympics the recycling program consisted of:

canlbottle bins in all areas where beverages were consumed (spectators, athletes, media); paper recycling bins in all media and office areas; cardboard recycling from warehouse and vending facilities; food waste bins (for composting) in dining areas of the Olympic ~

Village. ~

While this might seem quite limited in comparison to the array of __

materials and systems in a household, office or factory, this program ~~ accounted for about 85% of all waste generated at the Olympics.

4 IGuide to Waste Reduction and Recycling at Special Events Identify Alternatives to the Existing System;

Evaluate Each Alternative; I. Design Waste Reduction Program

These steps can be less complicated for a special event than for the kinds of situations outlined in the Business Guide. In summary, these steps involve the following:

I. Identify potential recyclables (e.g., cans, bottles, cardboard, Duringthe Atlanta Summer food waste, paper); Olympics, over 15,000 2. Identify the total number of waste binslcontainers that will be recycling bins were used to used in each area where target items will be discarded; collect recyclables. 3. Identify the most effective handling method-e.g., different colored plastic bags-to move recovered material from the point of discard to the central collection area; 4. Determine the most effective method for handling separated streams of material at the central collection area (typically the “back door”, or shipping dock), and the most effective collection method.

In most cases special event recycling will involve the simple use of two bins, where one bin would have been used formerly. But the same total volume of material will be handled by the system, so there will not necessarily be twice as many bins and containers required.

At first glance this may seem illogical. The following example can ’ help to illustrate the point. If we assume that a particular food and beverage vending area of a stadium is going to generate IO cubic yards of waste per day, then we may design a waste system with IO waste bins-each holding one cubic yard. If half of this waste is recyclable cans and bottles, and the other half is non- recyclable waste, it is possible that a waste reduction system could be implemented using IO bins in total-5 for waste and 5 for recyclables.

While a recycling system may in fact require some additional equipment-bins, bags, and so forth-it is unlikely that the additional requirements will represent a significant cost increase. And in most cases a modest cost increase will be more than offset by two factors-reduced disposal costs, and/or revenue generated by the sale of recyclables.

When identifying and evaluating operating costs, some of the same principles will apply.

in general, cleaning and waste hauling contractors will not be handling any additional volumes of material-they will simply be handling the same volume, but separated into two or more streams; while there may be some modest cost increase-due to additional timellabor involved in handling separate streams of material-these costs can also be offset by material revenue andlor reduced disposal costs.

Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling at Special Events a 5 Promote New Program to all Participants

The promotional campaign used for a special event recycling program should be designed with the target audience and the unique circumstances in mind. First, it is important to note that a special event will have two relatively distinct audiences,

1. The individuals who are involved in the event itself in some way (e.g., athletes, event staff and volunteers, media representatives, and so forth); - 2. The spectators, who may be in attendance only for a relatively brief period of time.

With the first audience-those involved in the event-there is some potential for prior training and education. And there is also a good chance that these individuals will be present throughout most or all of the event.

With the second and typically larger audience-the spectators-there is a need to utilize education methods that are very immediate in their impact. Some examples:

simple and highly graphic printed materials, distributed at key points of contact (for the I996 Olympics, Xerox produced a small brochure, in the 3 Olympic languages, for distribution in all hotels); simple and highly graphic signs that provide the basic instructions for participation-ideally at eye level or above, on the recycling bins and, if possible, on walls above and behind the bins; reminder announcements read over the public address system throughout the event; if possible, graphic reminders on the electronic scoreboard.

Color becomes a key factor in designing this type of educational campaign. In Atlanta it became very obvious to all spectators that dark green bins were for waste, whereas a blue bin with distinctive red recycling arrows was always the point of deposit, for cans, bottles, paper, and so forth. The same color scheme and graphic images were used for signs, bins, printed material, and the uniforms worn by Earth Crew volunteers.

In our experience, the creation of a good volunteer crew ~ teamed withwaste can make a major contribution to the educational campaign. InAtlanta there bins, were found throughout the -~ spectator, media and Village were hundreds of Earth Crew volunteers moving through all of the venues, areas Pictured above is a reminding people to use the recycling system. They served to push the __ recycling bin, paper recycling bin, crowds in the right direction, where group dynamics and crowd behavior

and garbage container located in took over, and they also played a key role in “troubleshooting” for the whole ~~ the media area recycling system.

6 Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling at Special Events Launch Program; Improve Program on a Continuing Basis

In a workplace program, the launch timing can be set in whatever manner best suits program success and relevant factors in your workplace. As noted in the Business Guide, you can utilize a pilot phase to help refine the program, prior to full-scale launch. And there will then be an opportunity to monitor and refine the program, over a period of weeks or months.

The launch planning and timing for a special event program will es- sentially have to fit all planning and timing factors of the event itself. And the opportunity for monitoring and refinement will be very limited-this cycle will likely be reduced to one or a few hours.

Clearly design the launch phase to fit very tightly with the overall event plans set by the organizing committee. A careful review of the event plans, and the involvement of event staff in key areas such as logistics and security, may provide the basis for planning for launch of recycling efforts. If you are able to carry out your planning against a clear and fixed set of overall event plans, this can actually make your job easier.

The opportunity for program improvement may be quite limited, but it is still very important to make allowance for a “troubleshooting” component in your overall recycling plans. The valuable role that volunteers can play in this regard was mentioned earlier. As a volunteer moves ) through an event facility, they can identify and quickly correct (directly, or by reporting it to event staff) many system problems.

There is a greater opportunity for continuous improvement if a series of events is being planned. Learning from the first event can be used to refine and improve performance at subsequent events in such a series.

For identification purposes, it is traditional that a clear or translucent blue bag is used to line a recycling container, while a black or dark green bag is used to line a waste bin. In this picture, the wrong bag was placed in the recycling bin-a mistake that this Earth Crew member is correcting.

Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling at Special Events 7 Other “Green” Opportunities at Special Events

In the previous sections of this Guide, the primary focus has been on recycling. There are clearly many other environmental initiatives that can also be considered as part of a special event program.

Ideally, waste reduction and reuse are considered ahead of recycling. Organizers of special events tend to resist some of these concepts, since they can present a challenge in temporary settings. Still, innovative systems work.

One of the world’s largest environmental trade shows, in Munich Germany, utilized a reusable beverage system to serve several hundred thousand customers. Durable plastic glasses were used to dispense soft drinks, and customers were charged IDM (about $2.00) as a deposit. To reclaim their deposit they had to return the glass to one of the dozens of food kiosks, where it was sent to a central point for washing and reuse. Hundreds of thousands of disposable“packages” (cans, bottles) were avoided through this system, significantly reducing total solid waste generated at the event.

In working to identify similar opportunities for a particular special event, the key area to examine, given the nature of most events, is the food and beverage sectors. How will food and beverages be distributed?Are there opportunities for reduction and/or reuse?Will sponsors or vendors agree to cooperate in looking for greener alternatives?

Beyond solid waste, there are possibilities in areas such as:

energy conservation water conservation avoidance of toxic material usage facility design for enhanced environmental performance educational campaigns for environmental topics beyond recycling

Increasingly there is support for including a focus on environmental issues and programs in special events, especially those involving sports and culture.

8 a Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling at Special Events Design program 0 Determine locations for intermediate bins Checklist summary 0 Determine central storage location 0 Negotiate standardized set of collection containers 0 Check restrictions with fire marshal and insurance company Organize Team 0 Determine how and when containers will be emptied Present waste reduction program idea 0 0 Assign collection responsibility Enlist sponsor and Organizing Committee support 0 0 Assess your material handling equipment needs Seek out appropriate team members 0 0 Arrange dock space 0 Introduce all members of team 0 Determine collection frequency Develop meeting schedule 0 0 Determine pricing structure 0 Decide on means of communication 0 Develop payment procedure 0 Develop workplan and set timelines 0 Develop record keeping and reconciliation procedures 0 Assign monitoring responsibilities to team members and Analyze waste generation volunteers and disposal systems 0 Ensure monitoring framework is in place n Contact food and beverage suppliers and vendors to collect anticipated sales data 0 Develop contingency plan 0 Predict generation trends Promote program 0 Estimate material composition Design and order program materials Indentify generation areas In Design employee presentation

Identify waste management Inform new employees of program requirements program alternatives n Identify potential recyclables Launch program 0 Identify the number of waste containers that will be used in 0 Ensure material is picked up regularly each area where materials will be discarded Maintain financial and generation records n Identify method of moving recovered material to the central collection area Ensure containers are in place

0 Determine handling method for separated material at the Ensure promotional materials are in place central collection area, and the collection method Ensure all employees are informed of program O Ensure schedules are established Evaluate each alternative group

O Estimate capital and start-up costs Improve program n Estimate operational costs n Develop ideas to ensure that promotion remains dynamic 0 Calculate impact on disposal costs Solve start-up problems 0 Calculate expected revenues 0 Keep in contact with vendors Encourage questions and problem reporting

0 Track program results

Hold regular team meetings

0 Regularly report progress

Guide to Waste Reduction and Recycling at Special Events 9 As we test and refine our new systems and gain additional learning, we will share our experiences with our customers and others-through additional titles in the Business and the Environment: Solutions for a Changing World series, and by providing direct support.

While this current work has a focus on solid waste-i.e., reduction, reuse, and recycling -there are already resources available on topics such as:

energy conservation hazardous waste management water conservation environmental compliance, tracking, and reporting environmental remediation

For further information about these topics, or about Business and the Environment publications and services,visit our web site at [ www.xerox.com/environment.htmll or please contact:

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