Everest Base Camp Trek Via Jiri
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Impacts of Climate Change on Hydrological Regime and Water
Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies 4 (2015) 502–515 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies jo urnal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ejrh Impacts of climate change on hydrological regime and water resources management of the Koshi River Basin, Nepal ∗ Laxmi Prasad Devkota , Dhiraj Raj Gyawali Nepal Development Research Institute, Shree Durbar Tole, Lalitpur, Nepal a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Study region: The middle hilly region of the Koshi River Basin in Nepal. Received 28 September 2014 Study focus: Assessment is made of the hydrological regime of the basin under climate Received in revised form 10 May 2015 change. Results from two Regional Climate Models (PRECIS-HADCM3Q0 and PRECIS- Accepted 8 June 2015 ECHAM05), based on IPCC-SRES A1B scenario, were bias corrected against historical gauged Available online 2 September 2015 data. Hydrological impact simulations were conducted using SWAT model. Design flood estimation was done after extreme value analysis based on annual flow maxima. Keywords: New hydrological insights for the region: The study found that climate change does not pose Koshi Basin major threat on average water availability. However, temporal flow variations are expected SWAT modeling to increase in the future. The magnitude of projected flow for given return periods, however, Climate change strongly depends on the climate model run considered. The ECHAM05 results show higher Design standard Design values flow changes than those estimated from the HADCM3 outputs. A relation was derived to Uncertainties estimate projected flood flow as a function of return period and flow estimated from his- torical series. -
Geo-Hydrological Hazards Induced by Gorkha Earthquake 2015
Geo-hydrological hazards induced by Gorkha Earthquake 2015: A Case of Pharak area, Everest Region, Nepal Buddhi Raj Shrestha, Narendra Raj Khanal, Joëlle Smadja, Monique Fort To cite this version: Buddhi Raj Shrestha, Narendra Raj Khanal, Joëlle Smadja, Monique Fort. Geo-hydrological hazards induced by Gorkha Earthquake 2015: A Case of Pharak area, Everest Region, Nepal. The Geograph- ical Journal of Nepal, Central Department of Geography, Faculty of Humanities and Social Studies, Tribhuvan University, 2020, 13, pp.91 - 106. 10.3126/gjn.v13i0.28154. halshs-02933571 HAL Id: halshs-02933571 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-02933571 Submitted on 17 Sep 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. The Geographical Journal of Nepal Vol. 13: 91-106, 2020 Doi: http://doi.org/10.3126/gjn.v13i0.28154 Central Department of Geography, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal Geo-hydrological hazards induced by Gorkha Earthquake 2015: A Case of Pharak area, Everest Region, Nepal Buddhi Raj Shrestha1,4*, Narendra Raj Khanal1,4, Joëlle Smadja2,4, Monique Fort3,4 1 Central Department of Geography, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu Nepal 2 Centre for Himalayan Studies, UPR 299. CNRS, 7 rue Guy Môquet, 94800 Villejuif, France 3 Université Paris Diderot, GHES, Case 7001, UMR 8586 PRODIG CNRS, Paris Cedex 75013, France 4 ANR-13-SENV-0005-02 PRESHINE (* Corresponding Author: [email protected]) Received: 8 November 2019; Accepted: 22 January 2020; Published: March 2020 Abstract Nepal experienced disastrous earthquake events in 2015. -
Article of a Given In- with Postdepositional Erosion
Earth Surf. Dynam., 8, 769–787, 2020 https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-769-2020 © Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Timing of exotic, far-traveled boulder emplacement and paleo-outburst flooding in the central Himalayas Marius L. Huber1,a, Maarten Lupker1, Sean F. Gallen2, Marcus Christl3, and Ananta P. Gajurel4 1Geological Institute, Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland 2Department of Geosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA 3Laboratory of Ion Beam Physics (LIP), Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland 4Department of Geology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal acurrent address: Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRPG, 54000 Nancy, France Correspondence: Marius L. Huber ([email protected]) Received: 28 February 2020 – Discussion started: 20 March 2020 Revised: 21 July 2020 – Accepted: 11 August 2020 – Published: 22 September 2020 Abstract. Large boulders, ca. 10 m in diameter or more, commonly linger in Himalayan river channels. In many cases, their lithology is consistent with source areas located more than 10 km upstream, suggesting long trans- port distances. The mechanisms and timing of “exotic” boulder emplacement are poorly constrained, but their presence hints at processes that are relevant for landscape evolution and geohazard assessments in mountainous regions. We surveyed river reaches of the Trishuli and Sunkoshi, two trans-Himalayan rivers in central Nepal, to improve our understanding of the processes responsible for exotic boulder transport and the timing of em- placement. Boulder size and channel hydraulic geometry were used to constrain paleo-flood discharge assuming turbulent, Newtonian fluid flow conditions, and boulder exposure ages were determined using cosmogenic nu- clide exposure dating. -
VIII. Arbitrary Arrest and Detention
HUMAN RIGHTS UNDER CHINA’S SHADOW Mistreatment of Tibetans in Nepal WATCH Under China’s Shadow Mistreatment of Tibetans in Nepal Copyright © 2014 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-62313-1135 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch is dedicated to protecting the human rights of people around the world. We stand with victims and activists to prevent discrimination, to uphold political freedom, to protect people from inhumane conduct in wartime, and to bring offenders to justice. We investigate and expose human rights violations and hold abusers accountable. We challenge governments and those who hold power to end abusive practices and respect international human rights law. We enlist the public and the international community to support the cause of human rights for all. Human Rights Watch is an international organization with staff in more than 40 countries, and offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, Tokyo, Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich. For more information, please visit our website: http://www.hrw.org MARCH 2014 978-1-62313-1135 Under China’s Shadow Mistreatment of Tibetans in Nepal Map of Nepal .................................................................................................................... i Summary ......................................................................................................................... 1 -
Going Nepal Pvt. Ltd Arun Valley with Everest Base Camp Trek, Everest
Going Nepal Pvt. Ltd Arun Valley with Everest Base Camp Trek Arun Valley with Everest Base Camp Trek Best Season: March-April-May and September-October-November Arun Valley with Everest Base Camp Trek, Everest Region Trekking lie in Sagarmatha and Makalu-Barun National Park. It is the most extreme hard and famous trekking to visit the panoramic view of above eight thousand mountains in the world. The Arun valley and Everest base camp provide really superb views of both Mt Everest and Mount Makalu. The trek requires stamina and fitness to fully appreciate the beauty of the region, which provides some outstanding mountain views. Commencing with a flight to Tumlingtar to the East of Everest, the first week is spent trekking through virgin territory into the Solu Khumbu region before a push up on the main Everest trail to Kala Pattar for tremendous close-ups of Everest Nuptse and Lhotse along with many others before a journey back to Lukla and a flight to Kathmandu. An Arun valley trek is still remote but there are available tea house facilities for a small group and it is easy trekking routes up to Lukla follow to the Arun River. It will be trekking on these trails. This trekking is possible to operate in any season. If anyone would like to walk back to Jiri and take a bus to Kathmandu it is also possible or keeps continues to Everest base camp as well. Culturally, the Arun Trek is very interesting - moving from Sherpa through to Rai villages, then down to Chhetri and Brahmin villages. -
LIST of INDIAN CITIES on RIVERS (India)
List of important cities on river (India) The following is a list of the cities in India through which major rivers flow. S.No. City River State 1 Gangakhed Godavari Maharashtra 2 Agra Yamuna Uttar Pradesh 3 Ahmedabad Sabarmati Gujarat 4 At the confluence of Ganga, Yamuna and Allahabad Uttar Pradesh Saraswati 5 Ayodhya Sarayu Uttar Pradesh 6 Badrinath Alaknanda Uttarakhand 7 Banki Mahanadi Odisha 8 Cuttack Mahanadi Odisha 9 Baranagar Ganges West Bengal 10 Brahmapur Rushikulya Odisha 11 Chhatrapur Rushikulya Odisha 12 Bhagalpur Ganges Bihar 13 Kolkata Hooghly West Bengal 14 Cuttack Mahanadi Odisha 15 New Delhi Yamuna Delhi 16 Dibrugarh Brahmaputra Assam 17 Deesa Banas Gujarat 18 Ferozpur Sutlej Punjab 19 Guwahati Brahmaputra Assam 20 Haridwar Ganges Uttarakhand 21 Hyderabad Musi Telangana 22 Jabalpur Narmada Madhya Pradesh 23 Kanpur Ganges Uttar Pradesh 24 Kota Chambal Rajasthan 25 Jammu Tawi Jammu & Kashmir 26 Jaunpur Gomti Uttar Pradesh 27 Patna Ganges Bihar 28 Rajahmundry Godavari Andhra Pradesh 29 Srinagar Jhelum Jammu & Kashmir 30 Surat Tapi Gujarat 31 Varanasi Ganges Uttar Pradesh 32 Vijayawada Krishna Andhra Pradesh 33 Vadodara Vishwamitri Gujarat 1 Source – Wikipedia S.No. City River State 34 Mathura Yamuna Uttar Pradesh 35 Modasa Mazum Gujarat 36 Mirzapur Ganga Uttar Pradesh 37 Morbi Machchu Gujarat 38 Auraiya Yamuna Uttar Pradesh 39 Etawah Yamuna Uttar Pradesh 40 Bangalore Vrishabhavathi Karnataka 41 Farrukhabad Ganges Uttar Pradesh 42 Rangpo Teesta Sikkim 43 Rajkot Aji Gujarat 44 Gaya Falgu (Neeranjana) Bihar 45 Fatehgarh Ganges -
Landscape Change in Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park, Khumbu, Nepal
HIMALAYA, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies Volume 17 Number 2 Himalayan Research Bulletin: Article 16 Solukhumbu and the Sherpa 1997 Landscape Change in Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park, Khumbu, Nepal Alton C. Byers Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/himalaya Recommended Citation Byers, Alton C.. 1997. Landscape Change in Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park, Khumbu, Nepal. HIMALAYA 17(2). Available at: https://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/himalaya/vol17/iss2/16 This Research Article is brought to you for free and open access by the DigitalCommons@Macalester College at DigitalCommons@Macalester College. It has been accepted for inclusion in HIMALAYA, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Macalester College. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Landscape Change in Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park, Khumbu, Nepal Alton C. Byers The Mountain Institute This study uses repeat photography as the primary Introduction research tool to analyze processes of physical and Repeat photography, or precise replication and cultural landscape change in the Khumbu (M!. Everest) interpretation of historic landscape scenes, is an region over a 40-year period (1955-1995). The study is analytical tool capable of broadly clarifying the patterns a continuation of an on-going project begun by Byers in and possible causes of contemporary landscapellanduse 1984 that involves replication of photographs originally changes within a given region (see: Byers 1987a1996; taken between 1955-62 from the same five photo 1997). As a research tool, it has enjoyed some utility points. The 1995 investigation reported here provided in the United States during the past thirty years (see: the opportunity to expand the photographic data base Byers 1987b; Walker 1968; Heady and Zinke 1978; from five to 26 photo points between Lukla (2,743 m) Gruell 1980; Vale, 1982; Rogers et al. -
Lukla Airport – Gateway to Himalayas
Lukla Airport – Gateway to Himalayas Lukla Airport, located at 2,846 m altitude, is an extreme airport that provides the thrilling flight experience from Kathmandu to Lukla and vice versa. Known as Tenzing Hillary Airport, it lies in Lukla, Khumbu, in Solukhumbu District of Province No. 1 or Eastern Nepal. Being the gateway to Everest Base Camp, Lukla is one of the most extreme airports of the world, having runway at 9,400 feet on top of a 2,000 feet cliff. Flights from Kathmandu to Lukla takes place every day during daylight hours if weather favors flying. There is frequent rainfall in Lukla while the Kathmandu is shining brightly, making visibility problems, causing delay and cancellation of flights. The plane crash records make Lukla a frightening flight. Seven crashes have occurred after 2000, that have killed more than fifty passengers and crew. Having no safety cushion if the landing is missed or in case of an equipment failure, Lukla- bound flights do not have excellent safety. If you are planning to take a flight to Lukla, keep extra days included as the cancellation of the trip is not uncommon. The airplane's alternative is the helicopter that you can charter for $1,500 to $2,500, which will carry 5 to 6 people. But helicopter crashes are also recorded. In 2013, a helicopter crashed that killed one passenger. The beautiful Everest Base Camp trail makes trekker take Lukla-bound flights. If you are a die-hard trekker, you can trek instead of flying, which will add another ten days to your trip. -
SLEEPING in EVEREST BASE CAMP TREK ITINERARY Itinerary
SLEEPING IN EVEREST BASE CAMP TREK ITINERARY Taking the journey to the base of the World’s highest peak, with our award-winning team, will be the highlight of any trekkers career! Our unique itinerary includes extra acclimatization at the critical point as well as 4 guides for every group of ten trekkers. The journey in the Everest Region, also known as the Solukhumbu Region, begins in the small village of Lukla. From here, the total distance to Everest Base Camp and back is just over 82 miles or 132km, covering over 6,000m/ 20,000 feet of elevation. This makes this spectacular journey to Mount Everest a challenging and rewarding experience. This trek should not be taken lightly. When going to these levels of altitude, your body’s acclimatization to the lack of oxygen is the real key to success, and because of this, we have added an extra day to our itinerary, which has given us 95% success rate. This also gives you a safer and more enjoyable experience into high altitude. We will also cover the daily distances on the trail at a very slow and steady pace, to aid the acclimatization process. Even though we are giving you the best chance of success with our acclimatization schedule, you still need to play your part and come physically prepared for this adventure. We recommend 5 to 6 days a week training in the lead up to your trip. We are your best resource for information on the trek and are available five days a week in support of your journey to Everest Base Camp. -
Abbreviation and Acronyms
Assessment of Hydropower Potential of Nepal Final Report Abbreviation and Acronyms AHEP : Available Gross Hydroelectricity Potential ASTER : Advance Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer AMF : Average Monthly Flow APHRODITE : Asian Precipitation Highly Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation B : Breadth BCDP : Building Code Development Project B/C : Benefit-Cost Ratio BoQ : Bill of Quantities CAR : Catchment Area Ratio CCT : Central Churia Thrust CFRD : Concrete Faced Rock Fill Dam COD : Commercial Operation Date DCF : Discounted Cash Flow DEM : Digital Elevation Model DHM : Department of Hydrology & Meteorology DMG : Department of Mines & Geology DoED : Department of Electricity Development d/s : Downstream E : East EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment EMI : Equal Monthly Installment ESA : European Space Agency ESRI : Environmental System Research Institute EU-DEM : European Union Digital Elevation Model FDC : Flow Duration Curve WECS i Assessment of Hydropower Potential of Nepal Final Report GHEP : Gross Hydroelectricity Potential GIS : Geographic Information System GLOF : Glacial Lake Outburst Flood GoN : Government of Nepal GPS : Global Positioning System GWh : Giga Watt-Hour H : Height ha : Hectares HEC-HMS : Hydrologic Engineering Center-Hydrologic Modeling System HFL : High Flood Level HFT : Himalayan Frontal Thrust HPP : Hydropower Project HRU : Hydrological Response Unit ICOLD : International Commission on Large Dams ICIMOD : International Center for Integrated Mountain Development IDC : Interest -
Damage from the April-May 2015 Gorkha Earthquake Sequence in the Solukhumbu District (Everest Region), Nepal David R
Damage from the april-may 2015 gorkha earthquake sequence in the Solukhumbu district (Everest region), Nepal David R. Lageson, Monique Fort, Roshan Raj Bhattarai, Mary Hubbard To cite this version: David R. Lageson, Monique Fort, Roshan Raj Bhattarai, Mary Hubbard. Damage from the april-may 2015 gorkha earthquake sequence in the Solukhumbu district (Everest region), Nepal. GSA Annual Meeting, Sep 2016, Denver, United States. hal-01373311 HAL Id: hal-01373311 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01373311 Submitted on 28 Sep 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. DAMAGE FROM THE APRIL-MAY 2015 GORKHA EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE IN THE SOLUKHUMBU DISTRICT (EVEREST REGION), NEPAL LAGESON, David R.1, FORT, Monique2, BHATTARAI, Roshan Raj3 and HUBBARD, Mary1, (1)Department of Earth Sciences, Montana State University, 226 Traphagen Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717, (2)Department of Geography, Université Paris Diderot, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, Paris, France, (3)Department of Geology, Tribhuvan University, Tri-Chandra Campus, Kathmandu, Nepal, [email protected] ABSTRACT: Rapid assessments of landslides Valley profile convexity: Earthquake-triggered mass movements (past & recent): Traditional and new construction methods: Spectrum of structural damage: (including other mass movements of rock, snow and ice) as well as human impacts were conducted by many organizations immediately following the 25 April 2015 M7.8 Gorkha earthquake and its aftershock sequence. -
Geomorphic Processes, Rock Quality and Solid Waste Management—Examples from the Mt
Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 2015, 7, 1291-1308 Published Online November 2015 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/jwarp http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2015.716105 Geomorphic Processes, Rock Quality and Solid Waste Management—Examples from the Mt. Everest Region of Nepal Eva Posch1,2, Rainer Bell2, Johannes Thomas Weidinger1,3, Thomas Glade2* 1Department of Geography and Geology, University of Salzburg, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria 2Department of Geography, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria 3ERKUDOK Institute, K-Hof Museums, Gmunden, Austria Received 10 August 2015; accepted 8 November 2015; published 11 November 2015 Copyright © 2015 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract Sagarmatha National Park and Buffer Zone (SNPBZ) in the Everest region in Nepal is among the most popular destinations for trekking tourism in Nepal. The dramatic growth of the tourism in- dustry has increased pressures on the environment and the National Park is heavily affected by the rapidly growing waste issue. Besides, major mass movements play an important role in the Himalaya and have been observed in SNPBZ. Also, seasonal monsoon floods, debris flows, rock falls, landslides and the creation of glacial lake outburst floods are frequently occurring in the re- gion. This paper explores the reciprocal interactions between the geo-environment and solid waste management in Everest’s SNPBZ. Therefore, geological characteristics and geomorphologi- cal processes, especially the two large rockslides in Lukla and Khumjung, as well as their conse- quences for rock quality, climatic and hydrologic conditions, are analyzed and simultaneously connected to the rapidly growing tourism-induced waste issue.