CLYC Legacy Learn2Sail Class Key Learning Points Parts of the Boat & Points of Sail Wind (in a Nutshell): Terminology, Sail Trim, Boat Balance, Boat Trim, Course Sailed, Centerboard Skills to develop: Sail Trim Steering Beating to Windward Getting Out of Irons Jibing Man Overboard Upwind & Downwind Capsize Recovery Right of Way CLYC Legacy: “We’re a fun, welcoming and skilled club that loves sharing our skills and Required On-Board Equipment sailing on Clark Lake!” Safety Parts of the Boat and Sail PARTS OF THE BOAT PARTS OF THE SAIL C Head Topping A Forestay Lift Shroud Batten Telltale Leach Luff Tiller Winch Plug Port Stern (aft) Tabernacle F Painter Foot E Clew Starboard Bow B D (forward) G Centerboard

SAIL ADJUSTMENTS Jib Main Sail A. Halyard -luff ( also raises sail) C. Halyard – luff (also raises sail) B. Jib sheets – leach (slot effect & POS) D. Outhaul - foot Traveller – foot (high-aft, low-forward) E. Down Haul/Cunningham – sail draft F. Boom-Vang leach & sail twist G. Main – points of sail (POS) Points of Sail The Wind

A. Wind Direction Clues C. In summer, prevailing winds are from the West. Tell tales on shrouds of boat Feel the wind on your face, neck, hands D. Clark Lake wind impacted by: Smallest ripples on the water Peninsulas Boats on anchor face into the wind Trees Flags Elevation changes Cell phone weather Shoreline Smoke Houses Clouds Birds take off and land into the wind Cattle face downwind

B. Wind Strength (mph): Sailor & boat dependent. OK to press but don’t stress! ~3 – 5 ... tests your low wind skills Goal: ~5 – 8 ... leisure float By learning to ‘read the water’ & watching other boats, you can anticipate, prepare and ~8 - 12 ... good winds, solid sailing adjust to wind changes (gusts, lulls, shifts, lifts & header) BEFORE they hit! ~12 - 18 ... in the groove (white caps) ~18 - 24 ... kick'n it Be aware. Wind direction on Clark Lake is in constant flux. It’s part of the fun. :> >24 ... skill required to sail well rises geometrically (so does the threat of equipment Don’t just react! Anticipate, prepare, respond & adjust! failure) ADJUSTMENTS (bold)

Sailing (in a Nutshell)‘Eye-of-the-Wind’

starboard tack <-’Tack’/’Come About’ -> port tack down) (% Capsize

Recovery (weight in/out) (weight forward/aft)

‘Beating’ () (course) WIND TERMS sheets tiller centerboard*-racing trim boat balance boat

‘Safety Position’ ‘Irons’ (full luff & stopped)

Man Overboard verge of luff verge balanced parallel (through tack) (through up out/loosen windward/weather windward/weather upwind higher point/head - lift (wind) pull ^ ‘Across-the-Wind’ v (fastest & easiest!) > < >< 50% 50% 100% flat / slight heel flat / slight lower leeward push push downwind

in/tighten in/tighten ail trim s tell-tales tell-tale boom to shroud header (wind) off/down/away fall/bear/head -

‘Wing & Wing’ Skills to Develop (through ) (through 25% * 25% 90° to boat meaningless 90° aft middle forward

starboard tack ->’Jibe’<- port tack * Leave centerboard 100% down except when racing ** To avoid possible capsize, set centerboard to at least 50% before heading upwind. Tack: all except run (POS: white boats) Sail Trim & Tell tails Optimal air flow = fastest speed sail tell tales = balanced Sail trim (tight/loose)-> air flow -> speed sail trim = sail begins to luff TELL TALES: Balanced=best! windward flutters leeward flutters

Tack: Run (POS: green boat): Sail luffs/flutters/boils-> Optimum sail trim =sails out 90 degrees/to shrouds trim/sheets in Boat heels more - telltales: watch shroud tell tales for steering > trim/sheets out Steering

Sailboats turn in opposite to the direction you move the tiller! Point/head up -> Fall/Bear off/down/away -> - Push tiller Pull Tiller - trim/sheets in Ease/sheets out

Helmsman always sits on ‘high side’

Tiller in middle to steer straight

Sailboats sail fastest when in balance and flat. Out of balance boats have a pull on the tiller (“helm”) . The helmsman and crew make adjustments to counteract helm. ‘Weather-helm’ (a pull towards the wind), often caused by over-powered mainsail. Adjustments include: heading up, heeling/ out, loosen sails, shift body weight forward, ensure rudder down, ‘reef’ mainsail and many more. Tacking Helmsman Crew 6. Adjust weight to balance the boat.

5. Wait until the boom 5. As bow turns into the crosses over head before wind, release windward jib changing sides. sheet and pull in leeward sheet.

4. “Tacking”, push tiller towards sails. 3. Grab leeward sheet and prepare to change sides. 2. “Ready to tack” “Ready”

1. Assess wind direction and Bow passes through ‘eye of the wind’ initiated nearby obstacles. Look over by large push on tiller then: your shoulder! • Switch sail side • Switch sides • Switch hand position tiller & main sheet

Goals: steering: smooth, steady, turn appropriate speed, without pause or hesitation to maintain momentum (complete the turn!), ending when on new course. Switch sides: step across/lead with aft/rear foot, pivot, appropriate timing, then sit forward Tiller & mainsheet exchange: behind the back, constant contact Beating Upwind Boats can’t sail into the wind. Must zig-zag to upwind destination (zig-zag=beating).

The closer you sail into the wind, the shorter the distance. But don’t sacrifice boat speed!

Boat speed & direction are impacted by: • the wind • strength • shifts • lifts (good) • headers (bad) Big header? Time to tack? • sailor adjustments • tacking decisions, time & execution (practice!) • sail trim • heal – hiking, centerboard • sitting forward/aft • feeling the groove :> • • sails Getting In and Out of Irons

1-Sail • Backwind main • Push tiller strongly • Backup & turn bow > 45 degrees to wind In Irons (no go zone!) • Tighten sails to get moving • Pointing directly into the wind • Gain boat speed & momentum • Boat not moving • Correct tack then trim • Sails are luffing • Can’t steer •Yikes!

2-Sails • Crew: backwind jib • Push tiller strongly • Backup & turn bow > 45 degrees to wind • Tighten sails to get moving • Gain boat speed & momentum • Correct tack then trim Practice! Laugh & Learn! Jibing Sequence • Helmsman Command • Crew Response – “Prepare to jibe” – “Ready” – “Jibing”/“Jibe Ho” • Free jib sheet (but still hold fast) – Release jib sheet as boom swings over – Adjust tiller for – Shift weight as needed • 20 -30 deg. course change – Trim opposite sheet after through the wind Goals: Steering & sails: controlled jibe with pre-trimmed mainsail. Switch sides: lead w/aft/back foot as soon as sail fills then retrim. Avoid: an accidental or “flying” jibe! Controlled Jibe (single-handed) Stern passes through ‘eye of the wind’ initiated by small pull on tiller then: • Switch sail side • Switch sides • Switch hand position tiller & main sheet

Step 3: switch hands & sit down

Step 2: facing forward duck under boom stay balanced steer behind back

Step 1: pull rudder away from boom put aft foot across boat while trimming main

Practice! Laugh & Learn! Controlled Jibe (2-people)

Stern passes through ‘eye of the wind’ initiated by small pull on tiller then: • Switch sail side • Switch sides • Switch hand position tiller & main sheet

Helmsman Crew 1. Assess wind direction and nearby obstacles. Look over your shoulder!

“Ready to jibe” Hold both jib sheets, ready body position, “Ready” 2. “Jibing”, PULL tiller slightly away from boom. Trim mainsheet slightly so boom over cockpit.

3. Stay low, avoid boom, as boom crosses over, then center tiller and Stay low for better balance and change sides. Ease mainsheet. avoid boom, simultaneously change sides and trim new sheet. Check wind direction for proper trim Check for proper trim •Yell “Man Overboard” Man Overboard •Throw Flotation Device •Assign someone to watch Sailing Downwind person and point Then, … (1), (2), (3), (4) 1. Head up to a beam reach

2. Tack

3. Head downwind of person in the water Help!!! enter ‘safety position’ 2 Boat Lengths 4. Enter ‘Safety Position’ (Close reach, sails luffing) Wind Man Overboard •Yell “Man Overboard” •Throw Flotation Device •Assign someone to watch Sailing to Windward person and point Wind Then, … (1), (2), (3), (4) 1. Fall-off to a beam reach 2. Tack

Help!!!

3. Head downwind of person in the water 4. Enter ‘Safety Position’ (Close reach, sails luffing) 2 Boat Lengths Capsize Recovery – Scoop Method

Crew (scoopee) Helmsman (scooper) 1. Tread water near stern until scooper 1. Move to centerboard. has control of the centerboard 2. Climb onto 2. Free mainsail and jib sheets. centerboard. Feet Possibly throw jibsheet over boat near board base. 3. Hold onto cockpit structure as boat 3. Make sure crew ready goes upright. Get scooped. to be scooped, grab 4. Balance boat steer to safety position jib sheet, then lean 5. Help Helmsman on board. back to raise boat. 4. Swim to stern Recovery Guidelines: 5. Climb back in * Always stay with boat * Check for injuries * Don’t go under boat or sails Right-of Way Summary

• Port tack gives way to Starboard tack

• Windward gives way to Leeward boat

• Passing boat gives way to boat being overtaken (passed)

• Last and certainly LEAST • Boats under power give way to boats under sail NOTE: sailboats under power are considered power boats!

• Exceptions – boats without maneuverability to comply with right-of-way guidelines Right of Way Summary Five Basic Navigation Rules for Sailing Situations 1. ‘Give way’ vessel alters course/speed at safe distance. ‘Stand on’ maintains course & speed. 2. Port-tack gives way to starboard-tack 3. Windward boat gives way to leeward 4. Overtaking boat gives way 5. Power boat gives way

Trouble? Remember 3T’s - Tiller Toward Even if you have right away – ALWAYS avoid a Trouble collision! Required On-Board Equipment

(Me Afloat) Lifejacket per person

(Others Afloat) Throw-able floatation (seat cushion)

(Audio) ..Horn or Whistle

(Visual) Flares

Fire Extinguisher (motor only)

Recommended Paddle Safety

FENDING OFF. Use a paddle, fender cushion, etc. Never ever step a mast or launch a boat near power lines! May NEVER, EVER put ANY part of For Learn2Sail, all persons wear result in death! your body between the BOAT life vests!! and the OBJECT’s point-of- contact.

Don’t sit on the bow and use your legs to stop the boat at the dock.