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Morphological and Nutritional Evaluation of Some Conserved Folk Rice Genotypes to Fight Back Against Micronutrient Deficiency

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Morphological and Nutritional Evaluation of Some Conserved Folk Rice Genotypes to Fight Back Against Micronutrient Deficiency Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(01): 2038-2048 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 10 Number 01 (2021) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1001.235 Morphological and Nutritional Evaluation of Some Conserved Folk Rice Genotypes to Fight Back Against Micronutrient Deficiency Sanjoy Kumar Bordolui*, R. L. Moharana and P. Chattopadhyay 1Department of Seed Science and Technology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India 2Department of Seed Sci. & Tech., College of Agriculture, Bhawanipatna, OUAT, Orissa, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Throughout the world more than 2 billion people affect due to micronutrient deficiency or hidden hunger, among them women and children put up with more because of their physiological needs. Impaired immune function, complications in pregnancy and childbirth, poor child growth as well as learning disability happen due to Iron and zinc deficiencies. Rice is the staple food of more than half the world’s population and since ancient time it is being cultivated in Asia. Considering the importance of rice as dietary source and to fight back K eyw or ds against micronutrient deficiency, in the present study the Zn, Fe and Ca content has been analyzed in 45 different folk rice along with some HYVs and hybrid rice. Out of the 45 Folk rice, Iron, different folk rice genotypes 25 were aromatic and 20 were non-aromatic in nature. These were Zinc, Calcium, evaluated with three high yielding varieties and two hybrid varieties to determine ways to Bio-diversity conserve these indigenous genotypes ex-situ in active participation of such experienced farmers at Gontra village, Chakdah, Nadia, West Bengal. All the genotypes were evaluated during Article Info kharif season of 2017 and 2018 in Randamised Block Design in three replications following standard agronomic practices. Seed yield among the indigenous genotypes ranged from -2 -2 Accepted: 227.33g m (Tulsimanjari) to 550 g m (Chamarmani). Other genotypes which recorded 12 December 2020 -2 -2 comparatively superior performance were Sitashal (525.17g m ), Kedargouri (525.33g m ), Available Online: Tilakkati (514 g m-2), Langalmuthi (513.07 gm-2), Dudkhas (508.33 g m-2), Dadshal(497 g m-2), 10 January 2021 Kalma (485.33 g m-2), Kanakchur (471 g m-2), Tulaipanji (471.67 g m-2), Chinikamini (462 g m- 2 -2 -2 ), Chinigura (459.33 g m ),Chinapakri (485 g m ). The standard semi-dwarf check variety -2 IET-4786 (Satabdi) and IET-4094 (Kshitish) recorded 602.33 and 608.33 g m . Morphological analysis revealed that among the tested genotypes the length varied from 5.13 mm to 10.13 mm, the breadth varied from 1.50 mm to 3.40 mm. Common cultivars contain about 12 mg Fe -1 -1 kg and around 25 mg Zn kg but some traditional varieties were found to possess those micronutrients in double amounts. It is interesting to note that the indigenous genotypes were rich in micro-nutrient compared to HYVs and hybrids tested in the study. Highest iron contents was found in Sonajhuli (70.30ppm) whereas highest calcium content was revealed in Chinigura (196.75ppm) and highest zinc content was recorded in Raghushal (26.45ppm). It is suggested that the indigenous genotypes having considerably high micro-nutrients like Fe, Zn, Ca may be considered as high value rice genotypes. The potentiality of these genotypes might be exploited further due to its commercial importance or through the utilization of their gene pool in the area of plant breeding to combat the hidden hunger. 2038 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(01): 2038-2048 Introduction population [WHO (1992)1], making iron by far the most widespread nutrient deficiency Rice is the staple food of more than half the world-wide. In rice the problem of micro world’s population and has been cultivated in nutrient deficiency are of considerable Asia since ancient time generation after importance, rice seeds, which are usually generation. The farmers have conserved milled to remove the oil-rich aleurone layer thousands of different varieties (Jackson, that turns rancid upon storage, are 1997) and these landraces, together with the distinguished by a very low content of iron 22 pantropical, wild species of Oryza, are the (between 0.2 mg and 6.8 mg per 100 g rice) genetic base for the breeding efforts to and by its very low bioavailability. Spence et increase the productivity of rice and sustain it. al., (1991) had been attempts to increase the Besides the landrace varieties and wild iron content with the introduction of the species, the genetic resources of rice also ferritin gene from Phaseolus vulgaris. include the natural hybrids and a range of Pasamontes et al., (1997) reported that different genetic stocks comprising thermo-tolerant phytase from Aspergillus commercial and absolute varieties (Biswas et fumigatus to over-express the endogenous al., 2020). The ability to consistently produce cysteine-rich metallothionein-like protein. At improved varieties depends on availability of IRRI Gregorio et al., (2002) have been broad base of germplasm from which evaluating the genetic variability of Fe and Zn desirable characteristics can be selected. concentrations within the genotypes tested, However, in this regards the erosion of agro- suggesting the genetic potential of increasing biodiversity often signals that continued the concentration of these micronutrients in availability can no longer be taken for rice and these lines also had the highest grain granted. Nevertheless agro-biodiversity is a of Zn concentration (24-33mg Kg-1). It was much larger issue, particularly the also exhibited that aromatic trait was conservation part, both exsitu and insitu pleiotropic for grain of Fe or Zn situation (Bordolui et al., 2006a). In any concentrations, and therefore, this trait could breeding effort these diversity are important be well applied for selection of rice genotypes because the choice of genotype from such with high Zn and Fe levels. A high iron trait crop diversity is key to the improvement of can be confined with high yielding trait that crop (Bordolui et al., 2006b). While we (Chakraborty et al., 2020). This has been can readily identify uses of biodiversity which demonstrated in an improved line IR68144- directly support human life and commercial 3b-2-2-3 of rice developed at IRRI value we often overlook a most of hidden (Gregorrio, 2002). It is interesting that this values which are equally important to human report also indicated that in their experiments, life. The value of micro nutrient in rice the aromatic rice was consistently higher in germplasm can be of considerable concern. In grain of Fe and/or Zn concentration than their India, over 6,000 children below the age of non-aromatic counter parts (Hsieh et al., five die every day mainly due to the lack of 1995). With the above considerations, the basic micronutrients like Vitamin A, iron, present investigation has been undertaken to iodine, zinc and folic acid in their diet. An evaluate a collection of 25 aromatic estimated 50,000 children are born deformed genotypes, 20 non-aromatic genotypes, 3 high each year due to various vitamin and mineral yielding varieties and 2 hybrid varieties of deficiencies, according to studies (Lettington, rice and document their various seed quality 2001). The prevalence of iron deficiency is parameters including nutritional qualities and estimated to be about 30%o the world determine ways to conserve these indigenous 2039 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(01): 2038-2048 genotypes ex-situ with active participation of Determination of Ca through Atomic the farmers. The objectives of study were to Absorption Spectro Photometer Method compare indigenous genotypes with high yielding and hybrid varieties with reference to Diluate digest of dry ashing as 1:100 with the their morphological and bio-chemical La-diluant (Add 6.235 gm La(NO3), H2O in characteristics and to select and identify 900 ml distilled water, make volume up to 1 superior genotypes for its commercial liter, if nitric-perchloric acid digest is used, utilization. diluate it as 1:20). Then prepare standard either singly or in one solution.0 to 3 mg K/L; Materials and Methods 0 to 0.3mg/L in a 2000 mg La/L solution and read with AAS using an acetylene-air flame Twenty five aromatic genotypes, twenty non- and condition given for the particular element aromatic genotypes, three high yielding in operator’s manual. The amount of Ca varieties and two hybrid varieties of rice were (ppm) in seed tissue was calculated by AAS raised during Kharif season 2017 and 2018 at reading (mg L-1) x diluation / 10000. (Where, Gontra village, Chakdah, Nadia, West Bengal. diluation = Original dilution X final dilution= In that new alluvial soil having at ph 7.07, 20 x 100 (for dry ash digest) organic carbon 0.8% soil type clay loam, EC 0.7m mhs cm-2, available nitrogen 222.6 kg Determination of Fe and Zn through ha-1, phosphorus 24.3 kg and potassium 189.7 Atomic Absorption Spectro Photometer kg ha-1. Seedlings were raised in individual Method plots following standard agronomic practices and intercultural operations in the plot, 30 Half a gram of powdered rice seeds sample days old seedlings (one per hill) were with 5 ml of di-acid mixture (9:4 Nitric transplanted in the experimental plots with acid:Parchloric acid) was kept for overnight three replications following Randomised digestion. The digested samples were kept on Block Design. Spacing was 20 cm between a hot plate till solution turned colourless. The the rows, 15 cm between the plants and 50 cm extract was diluted to 100 ml and fed to the between the two plots.
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