DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 065 974 EC 042 876

AUTHOR Haycraft, Howard TITLE for the Blind and Physically Handicapped. Fourth . INSTITUTION of Congress, Washington, D. C. Div. for the Blind and Physically Handicapped. PUB DATE 62 NOTE 20p.

EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 HC-$3.29 DESCRIPTORS *Exceptional Child Services; Large Type Materials; *Library Services; *Physically Handicapped; *Talking Books; *Visually Handicapped IDENTIFIERS Library of Congress

ABSIRACT The article discusses library services available for the blind and the physically handicapped at the Division for the Blind and Physically Handicapped of the Library of Congress and at regional . Topics covered include conditions and eligibility for service, with talking service provided for individuals who cannot read or use ordinary printed books and magazines because of physical limitations; extent and aspects of service, with an estimated 255,000 persons using the program in one form or another; selection of titles for talking books and braille, keeping in mind the financial reality that the average talking book costs $3,300; challenge and opportunity for the future programs; the human factor, which is demonstrated by letter selections of handicapped applicants; the large print revolution, said to be an ajunct to the national program; and other related developments such as the International Business Machines Corporation computer that is capable of translating straight text in English into braille at a potential rate of 55,000 words an hour; and notations of various sources useful to the visually and physically handicapped. (CB)

NOTE The article which follows originally ap- peared in the ALA Bulletin for October 1962. With the kind permission of the American Library Association the present extensively revised and expanded Fourth Edition has been produced by The H. W. Wilson Company, for the Division for the Blind and Physically Handicapped of the Library of Congress, as a public service. Grateful acknowledgment is made (though space precludes individual mention) to the staffs of the numerous agencies and libraries who generously supplied material included in the following pages. Add it iona 1 copies of this pamphlet may be obtained, on re- quest, from the Division for the Blind and Physically Handicapped, Library of Con- gress, Washington, D.C. 20542.

MILESTONES IN NATIONAL LIBRARY SERVICE FOR THE BLIND AND PHYSICALLY HANDICAPPED 1829 Louis Braille invents the braille alphabet, making possible embossed books for the blind 1878 Thomas Alva Edison invents the phonograph 1904 Congress authorizes first, limited free mailing service to the blind 1931 Pratt-Smoot Act establishes centralized national free library service for adult blind readers, administered by the Library of Congress 1934 National books-for-the-blind program is enlarged to include talking book service at no cost to readers 1952 Pratt-Smoot Act is amended to delete the word "adult," thus pennitting service both to adults and minors 1962 Public Law 87-765 establishes national lending library of musical scores and texts in Division for the Blind 1966 Congress enacts Public Laws 89-522 and 89-511, extending national books-for-the-blind service to all persons who are unable to read conventional printed materials because of physical or visual limitations. Division for the Blind adds "and Physically Handicapped" to title

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION CAVERPICTURE: Aided by a staff member, THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO- DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM blind and partially sighted patrons enjoy their THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIG- own service area (called the "Vision Section") in INATING IT. POINTS OF VIEW OR OPIN- the Prince George's County Memorial Library, IONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDU- Hyattsville, Md. CATION POSITION OR POLICY. "Listening to a tale being told in the dark is one of the most ancient of man's entertainments."Moss Hart, Act One.

Books for the Blind and Physically Handicapped

A Postscript and an Appreciation by HOWARD HAYCRAFT

In 1931 Herbert Hoover occupied the WhiteSmoot Act, and he asked me if I would care House andStanley Kunitz(notyeta to try my hand at an article for the Wilson Pulitzer Prize-winning poet) was the youngBulletin about this significant advance. I and imaginative editor of the Wilson Bul-cared and I did. To assemble my facts,I letin for Librarians. interviewel Lucille A. Goldthwaite of the On March3,1931, President HooverNew York l'ublic Library and corresponded signed the Pratt-Smoot Act which authorizedextensively with Dr. Herman H. B. Meyer the expenditure of $100,000 annually by theof the Library of Congress, which had been federal government to coordinate and ex-designated to administer the program and pand library service for the blind on acontinues to do so today. national and regional basis. Concentrated The finished article appeared in the Feb- at first on the provision of braille books forruary 1952 issue of the Wilson Bulletin blind readers, the program today also in-under the title "The New Status of Library cludes talking books (books and magazinesWork with the Blind." Library Literature on records and cassettes), the machines onand Readers' Guide confirm my recollection which to play them, open-reel tapes, and athat it was the first discussion of the new variety of other services, supported by an an-program to appear in the library press, and nual appropriation in excess of $8,000,000. possibly anywhere. Furthermore, since 1966, the total program Thirty-odd years after these events I be- has been available by law to all persons whocame a temporary legal user of talking are unable to read conventional printedbooks for periods of several months. On the materials because of physical limitations, asbasis of this experience it would be pre- well as to the legally blind. sumptuous of me to attempt to assess or But this is getting ahead of my story. even guess at the meaning of the program Back in 1931, Stanley Kunitz was one ofto the thousands of permanently blind and the first to recognize the importance of thehandicapped readers who are served by it. door which had been opened by the Pratt-I can only say for myself that, under such circumstances, talking books would mean the difference between living and existing. Mr. Haycraft, chairman of the board of The H. W. Wilson Company, publishers of indexes When I chanced to say this one day to and reference works for libraries, is the well-David Clift, executive director oi the Ameri- known critic, anthologist, and historian of thecan Library Association, and further told detective story (Murder for Pleasure, etc.). Inhim of my 1932 Wilson Bulletin article, he thisarticle (now extensivelyrevised and ex-urged me to write this postscript and ap- pan(led) he tells something of his experiences and thought.; as a temporary user of the Books preciation. In doing so, I hope that I can for the Blind program. contribute a little to a wider understanding of this remarkable program among librar- ians in general, and possibly through them to the even wider use of its benefits by the citizens, young and old, for whom itis provided. Perhaps a good beginningmightbe through my own experience. In discussing this with librarian friendsIhave found them first of all interested in the everyday details. How do talking books cornpare with visual ? Are sonic authors and types of books butter suited to auditory reading than others? What about the narrators, the range of choice, the speed and adequacy of The late Robert Frost reading his own poetry the service, the quality of the recordings? for taMing books inthe Library of Congress Here are some personal answers out of my Recording Studios. (LC photo) limited experience. The first and obvious difference an in- Two possibly untypical factors influenced veterate reader notices is the slower pace of my choice of reading (by common conseinauditory reading. This is not necessarily a of the users, talking books are "read," notbad thing, especially when the reader (in "heard"). My experience was confined toThurber's phrase) is at right angles to his periods of hospitalization and convalescenceworld. But a blind friend of mine, a young which, quite frankly, inclined ine more toma» going places and refusing to be slowed diversion than to planned reading. On thedown, once told me that he regularly plaml other hand, as a professional reader of fic-his 16 rpm study records at 33 rpm. "It tion for many years,I found myself prin-sounds like Donald Duck," he said, "but it cipally drawn to works of nonfiction I hadsaves my time." (In this connection I under- been forced to miss. stand that several groups are experimenting The result was a mixed bag indeed. Herewith a kind of electronic shorthand, called are a few, but by no means all, of the talk-"compressed speech," intended to speed up ing hooks 1 read and enjoyed, to illustrate teaching records and tapes without (1 istor- some, but far from all, of the variety oftion; while avariant, called"expanded experience availabletotheusers: Mossspeech," is designed to help slow or disad- Hart's Act One; Bishop's The Day Lincolnvantaged readers.) For recreational reading, 1Vas Shot; the weekly issues of Newsweek; however, the adjustment to the auditory Fadiman's Party of One, read by the author;pace is a minor one and quickly made. Morton's A Traveller in Rome; Thurber's 1Vith perhaps a single exception, all of The Years with Ross and Alarms and Di-the talking books I read were adequately versions;West'sThe __evI) i.I'sAdvocate; narratedor better. Readers frequently de- Patricia Collinge reading her Mr. and Mis.velop preferences for certain narrators and Engle sketches from the New Yorker; Arnold this sometimes influences their choice of Hano's A Day in the Bleachers (for die-hard titles; Alexander Scourby, Karl Weber, and New York Giant fans); Shaw's Don Juan in Norman Rose became three of my special Hell, read by the First Drama Quartet; and favorites. Some books, it seems to me, defi- assorted collections of poetry. nitely gain in effectiveness by the auditory I have no apology for these choices, al-method. I can't imagine, for example, how though underdifferentcircumstances I visual reading of The Day Lincoln Was might try a heavier diet (or so I think). Inci-Shot could i)ossibly attain the dramatic in- dentally, I did not ask for any mysterytensity of Karl Weber's narration on talking stories, becauseI had previously read allbooks. So, too, the sense of identification those available;however,Ithoughtthewith the first person singular is greatly in- selection of mystery titles discriminating and creased. When, shortly after reading Act representative. One and Alarms and Diversions on talking books, Iheard of Moss Hart's death and a single container, thus expediting shipping then of Thurber's, it seemed in each case as and handling. if a valued personal friend had been taken. As a rule the quality of the recordings ("A tale tol(1 in the dark ...") was good-to-superior. Sonic of the older titles Two categories of reading surprised me. inevitably betrayed traces of surface tvear, With the exception of Thurber (who, after but in no case did I have any serious listen- all, had many other qualities), it seemed to ing difficulty. Each individual record, inci- Inc that most humor failed to hokl its own dentally, has two labels; a braille label on in the recorded form. Bench ley and Donone side and a printed label on the other. Marquis became suddenly dated and the E.B.White SubtreasuryofAmerican Conditions and Eligibility for Service Humor, whichI had remembered with The questionI have been asked most pleasure from its first appearance in 1941, often concerns eligibility to receive materials had somehow lostitsfizz. On the other under the program. Prior to 1966 the service hand, poetry well recited was surprisingly was confined to the certified "legally" blind, rewarding to one who had never been able as determined by a rather rigid set of cri- adequately to appreciate the form in print. teria under the Pratt-Smoot Act. However, ButIsuspect thatthese are subjective passage by Congress in 1966 of Public Law rather than typical reactions. 89-522 extended the service "to other physi- The physical service of talking books cally handicapped readers artified by com- (which in my case came by mail from the petent authority as unable to read normal New York Library for the Blind, a branch printedmaterial asaresult of physical of the New York Public Library) I found limitations, under regulations prescribed by excellent. The post-free cartons containing the Librarian of Congress for this service." the records reached me, on the average, two In this connectionit may be helpful to days after leaving the library, even during quote the statement prepared and currently the Christmas rush. Because of the limited in use by the Division for the Blind and number of copies of any recording, each Physically Handicapped of the Library of reader is asked to give the supplying library Congress: a list of up to forty desired titles at a time; Talking book service is provided for indivithials frequently the listsarc prepared by the who cannot read or use ordinary printed books library stall, at the reader's request. To as- and magazines because of physical limitations. sure a continuous flow of service he is Examples of such limitations are impaired eye- usually sent two titles at the start, and when sight or other malfunction of the eyes, the in- he returns a recording the next available ability to hold a book or to turn pages, the in- title on his list is rnailed to him promptly, ability to held printed mazerial steadily enough usually the same day. A borrower is allowed to read it, etc. to retain book titles for a maximum of four Any of the above conditions must be certified by weeks, magazines for a shorter time. As competent authority. Ophthalmologists, optome- might be expected, there are waiting lists trists, or doctors of medicine can certify as to for the newer and more popular books, just visual disability. Doctors of medicine in the fields of other severe physical disabilities are as in ink-print libraries. Occasionally two preferred as certifying authorities when avail- short books of similar nature(e.g., two able. Other acceptable certifying authorities are mysteries, two sports books) are packaged in as follows: heads of agencies or state chapters of agencies; registered nurses; professional staff of hospitals, rehabilitation centers, institudons and The name "talking hooks" is believed in have originated with Robert B. Irwin (188$1951). Blind Ilium Iffuton ddldhood, homes, the professional staff of health and wel- Irwin was for almost Mt years a dynamic leader in all aspects of fare agencies and similar persons associated with wink with the blind. Ite was for many years exec .r director of the American Foundation for the Mind, the initiator and first reputable private agencies; professional librar- manager of the talLiug hooks rettodiog studios of the Ant, ians knowledgeable of a comnnmity or of resi- and iti generally to ll i l he indisidual most respotwible for the passage of the Pt antimoot Au mui Other impottant legida der ts remote from other facilities; and educa- don for the blind. Talking books, ituidenially, were Ow hod tors. The Division for the Blind and Physically LI' stlindings, meettling theI ommettial 1:nirtydl presalein Handicapped is responsible for resolving doubt- today hy ahnost years. ful instances of eligibility. 3 Nursinghomes,hospitals,institutionsandstep in with appropriate help and informa- schools nmy also borrow a talking book machine. tion for the newly or temporarily blind or and recordings of books and magazines. for thehandicapped at this most crucial time. It is use of their patients, residents and students whoeasy to assume that this is somebody else's cannot read ordinary printed material becausejobexcept that all too often it isn't. of physical or visual limitations. The conditions But please don't let this last observation must he certifiedto,in the case of nursing homes, hospitals, institutions and schools, bygive you the erroneous ideaheld by many theadministrator,operator.superintendent,laymen and even by some librariansthat principal, physicians or registered or visitinglibrary work with the blind and physically nurses, handicapped isprimarily concerned with Upon acceptance under these conditions,hospitals and institutional services. On the the applicant will be sent on loan, post-freecontrary, a national survey prior to 1966 and free of charge, a taBing book or cassettedisclosed that only 51/,. per cent of all legally machine; and he will be entitled to borrow,blind readers were found in hospitals or post-free and free of charge, talking booksinstitutions, including schools for the 111 ind. and cassettes,braille books, or books onWhile itis yet too early to assess the full open-reel tape (of which more later) accord-impact of P.L. 89-522extending the service ing to his needs. At present writing theseto other types of handicapped readersit set-vices are provide(l to certified readers by isconservatively estimatedthat nomore 51 regional libraries and 76 machine lending than 10% of all eligible readers are in insti- agencies) tutions of any type.Thus the other 90% 'co explain the workings of this programmight be 'tlescribed as typical public library topotentialusers, the Division has pre-ttsers with the same needs, tastes, and desires pared a concise and attractive informationalas sighted readers in similar age groupsbut brochure, entitledReading Is For Everyonewithout their advantages. including a detachable postage-paid cer- tification application card addressed to the Division. Upon receipt of the card in theExtent and Aspects of Service Division it will be forwarded to the regional 'Figures compiled recently showed that or sub-regional library serving the reader'sover 206,000 readers were using talking area. books, while more than 22,000 were regis- In the conviction that there are few moretered borrowers of braille. New readers are effective channels than libraries for inform-being added to the program at the rate of ing those who are legally entitled to receiveapproximately 2,000 a month. While the the benefits of this program, I should likelargest number of theseare visuallyor to urge every library of whatever type inphysically handicapped persons,itisin- the United States and its insular possessionsteresting to note that the publicity given to to write for this brochurein quantity; toP.L. 89-522 and 89-511 has also substantially publicize its availability; and to keep stocks ofit permanently On hand. Address: Divi- Typical certification on behalf of a handicapped sion for the Blind and Physically Handi-applicant. Application blanks for individuals capped, Library of Congress, IVashington, and institutions are available from the Division or the regional libraries. D.C. 20542 and ask for copies of "Reading Is For Everyone." To thisIshould like to add a special plea to hospital librarians to be ready to

I By relatedlegislation(P.L.89-511,also s., m passe(l in 1966) Congress amended and extended ,....255.VW,Sf.TA,`O.L------,,, , 000004,.....ri

Title 1V-B of the Library Services and Construc- ...., \ \ .M.,,,;§..T,c5.,F.F.S. , , .....'..::: a , . V \7.4,...... :::1.::: tion Act to provide means for establishing li- 1.1 '.: ...... :11 ...... brary service at the state level to the physically ,,':'" ...... VF:::: handicapped where it does not exist, and to It ..l'./IV:t.':"...?1:::.$7:ttl improve those services already in operation. ; 'Slicu'4:--_,,,i-i- 4. '''-'-'.7-. ,..-z' accelerated the registration of legally b1hul readers not previously reached by the pro- gram. In the federalfiscalyear1970-71, 700 titles were recorded as talking books and 275 were issned in press braille; total titles now available ill the two forms are about 4,000 and 7,400 respectively. (Talking books wear Out, physically, faster than braille.) A talk- ing book costs an average of $3,300 for an edition of 700 copies; a press braille book costs about S1,100 for an edition of 0 copies. The specially designed electrica multi-speed record players cost the govern- ment about $38 per machine in quantities of several thousand. A few battery-operated plaverS have been acquired for readers who do not have access to electricity. In addition, well over 4,000 books of specialized interest are also available, re- corded on standard open-reel or cassette A youthful braille reader and her book. (Ameri- tape. Open-reel tapeisa supplementary can House for the Blind photo) service, available ()lily to readers who have their own tape playem At this writing, and cassette machines. Many of the Pioneers more than 20,000 persons are taking advan- are also dedicated braille transcribers. Chap- tage of this opportunity to read in depth ters of this organization are functioning along lines of their personal interests or today in the repair of machines in prac- requiremen ts. tically all of the fifty states, and it is esti- Thus the total number of users of the pro- mated that since 1960 some 3,600 Pioneers gram in all forms is Currently close to the have repaired more than 150,000 machines. 255,000 mark as nearly as can be estimated. Volunteers, in fact, have played an in- In addition to press braille, an important dispensable role in library service for the phase of the program is the transcribing by blind for almost a hundred years, and today volunteers of hand-produced braille books more than a score of philanthropic and in single copies or Very small editions to nonprofit organizations continueto aug- meet special needs. The coordination of this ment the national program invaluable program (which has existed for nearly half ways. For a description of their activities, a century) including the training and cer- together with a quick reference list, see the tification of volunteers, is a responsibility booklet, Volunteers With Vision, which is of the Division for the Blind and Physically available on request from the Division for Handicapped, which last year certified over the Blind and Physically Handicapped. In 500 volunteer transcribers. Some 2,500 of addition to these continuing efforts, special the volunteer transcribers, incidentally, be- projects are frequently underwritten by in- long to the National Braille Association, dividual organizations or institutions. The Inc., which sponsors annual conferences World Book Encyclopedia in braille, made and workshops under expert guidance. possible by the publisher, is a case in point. Another vohmteer activity relates to the A largely-volunteer activity which supple- repair and maintenance of the record and ments the older programs is the recording cassette players supplied to the users. The on magnetic tape, previously mentioned, of Telephone Pioneers of America is a volun- a growing list of scholarly titles. In 1971 the teer organization of senior telephone in- Divisinrtrained100tape readers who dustry employees who spend their leisure volunteer their service:: in producing books hours repairing and restoring talking book on 1n-reel and cassette tape. To quote

5 from the classified catalog Books on Open-ciples and standards to provide a guide for li- Reel Tape (available from the Division on brarians, trustees , government officials, and request): intereSted citizens, that they may evaluate the library services now rendered totheblind The use of open.reel magnetic tape to record and , handicapped and plan wisely for wider books was introduced into the Library of Con- and more effective service. gress national reading program in 1958-59. The [then] Division for the Blind began selecting Librarians would also do well to familiar- book titles for taping which augmented the talk- ize themselves with the activities and publi- ing book, or nUcrogmove record program, and cations of the National Accreditation Coun- which served a useful purpose for students and cilfor Agencies Serving the Blind and those working in the professions, Visually Handicapped, which was estab- lished in 1967. Of special interest and value Ten years later, a successful pilot program on ofssette machines and cksed-reel tape persuaded is the booklet Standards for Production of Divisionplanners that the cassette furnished Reading Materials for the Blind and Visu- the tape format for the future. The decision was ally 1-Mndicapped, published at $1.50 in madetocontinueusing open-reeltapeas 1970 and available from the Council at 79 masters, while reproduction and national dis- Madison Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10016; tribution to readers woukl be on the cassette. also available in braille to qualified bor- A selection of the many newly recordedrowers from the Division and its regional titles on cassettes are listed in the current libraries. issues of the Division's bimonthly magazine From 1931 to 1952 the federal program TalkinRook Topics (to be discussed later) was limited by law to adult blind readers. as rapidly as they are produced, and a sepa- In the latter year the act was amended to rate catalog of cassette titles already issued, delete the word "adult," and since that date Cassette Books, is available on request. the Division has worked closely with an Preparation of selected reading lists hasadvisory committee composed ofleading also long been a function of the Division. specialistsin library work with children Some typical listsrecently issued include and young people. Talking Books to Profit By, Talking Books In 1962 the Division announced an im- for Younger Readers, Convalescing 1Vithportant innovation in its service to blind Talking Books, Football in Fact a:id Fic-childrenthe recording of talking books at tion, and Talking Books for Music Lovers. 16 rpm on 10-inch discs, as contrasted with A complete list of such publications is avail- the standard 12-inch disc recorded at 33 able from the Division on request. rpm which had been used for so many years. Certain otherpublicationsreflecttheTo quote the LC Information Bulletin, close liaison between the Division and the "The 16 rpm records will give ,15 minutes of library profession, as represented chiefly byrecording time to each side of a record. the American Library Association. Of major Physically, talking books for blind children significance is Standards Po Librmy Services will thus be smaller in diameter and lighter fm. the Blind and Physically Handicapped, in weight. They will also be more economi- officially adopted by ALA and published in cal to produce, so that more copies of more large type at $1.75 by the American Librarytitles can be made available." Association, 50 East Huron St., Chicago, 111. This important development has been 60611. Perhaps (potation of a few sentences subsequently extended to the entire pro- will illustrate why itis important that li-gram and today alltalking book titles, braries of all types should own these Stan-whether juvenile or adult, are recorded in dards and consult them frequently: the new format, with the gains described. The success and advantage of 16 rpm re- Responsibility for blind and ... handicapped readers does not stopatfederal and statecordings have naturally led to exploration ... Every kind of libraryshould make a of 8 rpm as a practical recording speed. All special effort to include blind and ... handi- talking book magazines in the program are capped people in all the services provided for now recorded at 8 rpm, and this speed may sighted patrons... . It is the aim of these prin-be used to record books in the future.

6 8 Selecting Titles for Arthur's Employnlent for the Handicapped Talking Books and Braille arc obvious and almost mandatory selec- tions, many others require considerable dis- But fascinating as such technological de-cusSion with advisory groups before adop- velopments arc, the most challenging job in tion.Arecelitdevelopmentreflecting the Division (and, I should think, the mostchanging needs is the recording of at least intriguing to librarians) is the selection ofone Spanish language title per month to the titles to be recorded or put into braille.add to a forcertified readers Imagine, if you can, the responsibility ofwhose first language is Spanish. An anno- selecting current and replacement titles fortated bilinguallist of talking books and 200,000 or more avid borrowers at an aver-magazines recorded in Spanish is available age cost of $3,300 per talking book title. Atfrom the Division; entitled Libros Par tonics such costs it will be apparent that the booksit contains a "sound sheet" in Spanish. selected for recording or transcribing are (Incidentally, a recent reader-interest sur- necessarilythose whichwill meetwidevey revealed that almost 50 percent of all reader preference. users of the program are aged 60 or over.) Implicit inthe whole matter of book In the selection process standard book selection is the principle that the interestsreview and preview media are used, but all of blind and physically handicapped read-books are also carefully examined by the ers and their reading tastes are substantiallystair, who also do the cataloging and anno- the same as those of sighted readers, withtations for the two bimonthly publications, the same needs for variety and balance. ToTalking Book Topics and Braille Book Re- quote fromthe Division's statement onview, which are produced and distributed book selection policy: to users of the program for the Library of The selection of books for the blind and physi-Congress by the American Foundation for cally handicapped follows practically the samethe Blind. These are supplemented by bi- procedures as does the selection of books forannual cumulated catalogs. Arrangement of readers of all ages, interests and abilities, with titles in these publications is by broad sub- certain modifications imposed by the peculiarject areas. A portion of each year's budget is media of communication involved. As a conse-earmarked for re-recording and transcribing quence the collections to be developed are cool-oldertitles which have been worn out parable (within the limitation of available funds through usehere again the analogy to the for purchase)tothose being developedfor public library is evident. clientele of public libraries serving a wide range In a recent development, the ink editions of readers. of both Talking Book Topics and Braille Actual selection of titles is performed by are produced in enlarged type experienced professional librarians in thefor the benefit of partially sighted users. Division, advised by the committee for chil- The editorial content of both the print and dren's books previously mentioned, severalbraille editions contain articles and book young adult librarians throughout the na-news of special interest to blind and handi- tion, regional librarians, blind and sightedcapped readers. Responding to the sugges- persons c.'Dsely connected with work for the tions of many readers, the Division now blind and physically handicapped, and sub-inserts in each issue of Talking Book Topics ject specialists within the Library of Con-a "sound sheet"a thin plastic 8 rpm .re- gress. Since the passage of P.L. 89-522 a cording of the new book announcements. number of national and local agencies for For practical and educational reasons the various types of the handicapped (some of braille and talking book programs are com- which will be named later in this article)plementary, each performing a useful and have provided a valuable "feedback" to the needed function. But because it would be selection staff, just as organizations for the obviously uneconomical to duplicate any blind have done in the past and continue tolarge number of titles in both forms, the do. While occasional titlessuch as Robertselection staff is faced constantly with de- Russell's To Catch an Angel and julietta K.ciding which medium to use. Two factors

7 are helpful in this situation:the circum-we have seen emphasizes a somewhat more stancethat certaintypes of books havespecialized selectionare such periodicals as been shown by experienceto be better ForeignAffairs, Personnel and Guidance suited to one medium or the other, and theJournalSocial Work, The Writer, and fact that an increasing number of brailleQST. In all, more than 70 magazines are readers today are also talking book users. available to users of the program in the Experience, in fact, plays a major role in several forms. the whole gamut of book selection. Periodic Three principalpresses produce books reader-interest surveys conducted by theand magazines in press braille under con- Division -oring an aniazingly large and al- tractwiththegovernment: American wayshelpful response. Notsurprisingly, Printing House for the Blind, Louisville; blind and handicapped readers are alsoClovernook Printing House for the Blind, articulate correspondents, and careful atten-Cincinnati; and Howe Press of the Perkins tion is paid to their letterswhich rangeSchool for the Blind, Watertown, Massa- from "The worst book I ever read!" to "Ichusetts. The two principal recorders and have always wanted to take a postgraduate manufacturers oftalking booksarc the course. Thank you for giving itto ine."American Foundation for the Blind, New Despite the time-consuming steps involved York, and the American Printing House for in arriving at the finished product, it is a the Blind, Louisville. source of pride to the selection stall that (College and school textsnotstrictly when the best-of-the-year lists (such as ALA'sspeaking a part of the program but closely "Notable Books") appear, a great numberrelated to itare produced on tape by the of the titles included, as well as many cur- more than 20 nationwide units of Record- rent , have been selected for the ing for the Blind,Inc. which maintains program and most of them are already in national headquarters, and a library housing circula tion. the largestsingle collection ofrecorded Copyright clearanceis another of theeducational books anywhere in the world, functions performed by the Division, butat 215 East 58th Street, New York, N.Y. today this presents relatively little difficulty. 10022. At this writing something in excess From the author's point of view, both Mrs. of 15,000 individual and related Haycraft and I can testify that there is materials are available to qualified students scarcelya more rewarding experience a free on loan from this valuable source. Full writer can have than to learn that a book information and catalogs of available ma- of his is wanted for the program, and this I terials may be obtained by addressing RFB understand is the typical reaction of most at the address given above.) publishers and authors. Narrators of talking books, many of them In addition to books, magazines play an radio and television professionals, are se . important partinthe program. Among lected and paid by the recording studies, general and popular periodicals circulated although the Divisionfor the Blind and on talking books or in braille (or occasion- Physically Handicapped can and frequently ally both) are Reader's Digest, Ladies' Home does make suggestions with regard to specific Journal,Newsweek,Atlantic,Harper's, titles. The tape-recording program is largely American Heritage, National Geographic, the work of volunteer orgafflzations using Elloy Queen's Mystery Magazine, Good volunteer narrators, asis the college and Housekeeping, Holiday, Horizon, Sports Il- school text program. lustrated, Selecciones (the Spanish language edition of Reader's Digest), Jack and Jill,The Future Seventeen, New Braille Musician, PopularChallenge and Opportunity Mechanics, True, and Farm Journal. There Nearly all the foregoing information, con- are also a number of magazines (chiefly indensed as it necessarily must be, came to ine braille) addressed specifically to blind read-from various helpfulstaff members (too ers and their problems. Available throughnumerous to identify personally, much as the supplementary tape programwhich as I should like to) of the Division for the

8 1(1 Blind and Physically Handicapped and of a number of the regional libraries.I am surely not the first visitor to observe the unusual concern for the individual reader which pervades the people working in this program, whether at.the national or re- gional levelunusual even in so dedicated a profession as lilwarianship. If ever ali- brary program had "heart" this isit! Nor, I may adcl, is this a one-way street. In few aspects of library work, it is evident, is there so personal and rewarding a relationship oth between librarian and reader. tsr.4 For many years in the past these dedicated Typical ofphysicallyha??dicapped readers is workers in the Books for the Blind program ittichael R , V: years, 23 pounds, a victim were troubledby their inabilityunderof AmyotoniaCongenita(lackofmuscles), shown here with his treasure(l talking book ma- existing lawsto serve that even larger seg-chine. (Free Library of Philadelphia photo) ment of the public who are notlegally blind, yet are unable to read conventionalhandicapped residing in states which for print because of a variety of physical andvarious reasons have not as yet been able to visual handicaps. They were not alone intake full advantage of the expanded pm- this concern, which Was shared by variousgram. By fortunate coincidence the Divi- agencies for the handicapped and by asion moved in 1967 from its outgrown and number of thoughtful legislators. Suddenly,scattered quarters, in the Library of Con- dramatically,thedesiredbreakthroughgress and elnewhere, into a spacious and came in 1966 when Congress passed, andadaptable building in northwest Washing- the President signed, P.L. 89-522 extendington, where its varied and complex opera- the service to persons unable to read con-tions can be carried on under one roof (and ventional print becauseof physical andon which roof, incidentally, those of the visual limi ta tions. staff who drive to work can park their cars, Obviously,this breakthrough presentedthus solving another perennial and crucial challenges as well as opportunities at allWashington problem). levels. Therefore, in preparing this Fourth For efficiency the more than 90 staff mem- Revised Edition of this pamphlet, it. seemedbers are organized in eleven operational imperative to me to revisit the Division forunits, ranging according to their needs and the Blind and Physically Handicapped (aswork loads from as few as two persons to it is now designated) and to talk with andalmost 25. The largest of these unitsis listen to as many regional librarians, state li-known as the National Collections for the brarians, agency representatives, and othersBlind and Physically Handicapped which as possible, at meetings of the Americanfunctions as a regional library for the Dis- Library Association's Round Table on Li-trict of Columbia and serves as a national brary Services to the Blind and elsewhere.resource for specialized material unavail- The paragraphs which follow will represent,able in regional libraries. to the best of my ability, a synthesis of what Not surprisingly, the heaviest physical Ihave learned about the expandedpro- load resulting from the implementation of gram; together with references tootherP.L. 89-522 has fallen on the National Col- recent developments in the field (the largelections and on the Field Services Section; print "revolution," etc.). yetits impact has been feltby virtually I have already referred, in earlier para-every unit, from Selection and Publications graphs, to the increased role of the Divisionto the Technical Section. Especially has the for the Blind and Physically Handicapped,Office of the Chief been involved in new in Washington, in supplying talking booksand mutually benefidal relations witha and machinesto the non-blind physicallyvariety of national and local organizations

9

Yr- for the non-blind handicapped, includingftn-ther information aboutthis"sub-re. by way of illustration (but by no meansgional" network, as it has become known, limited to) such agencies as the Muscularinquiries should be addressed to the Divi- Dystrophy Associations of America, the Ar-sion for the Blind and Physically Handi- thritis Foundation, the National Multiplecapped of theLibraryofCongressin Sclerosis Society, the National Easter SealWash ington. Society for Crippled Children and Adults, This is not to suggest that all libraries theParalyzed Veterans of America,thecould or should render this type of service. United CerebralPalsy Associations,Inc., However, every library can and should be- and a host of others at the local level. Itcome an information or referral centera would be impossible to overestimate thebridge between the national program and enthusiasm of such organizations for thethe imlividuals entitled to its benefits. P.L.89-522 prograntor their valuein Prior to the enactment of P.L. 89-522, the bringing news of the availability of thenumber of legally blind persons, and there- program to its potential clientele throughfore the potential audience for this pro- their state and local chapters. Valuable helpgram, in the U.S. was estimated at approxi- and guidance has been provided also by the mately 500,000.Of thisnumber about departments of rehabilitation in many of 100,000, or 20 per cent, were regular bor- the states and, as well, by the Division ofrowers of talking books or braille or both Library Programs of the U.S. Office of Edu-a respectable batting average in any library cation. league. It is estimated that today the Divi- An interesting, perhaps logical, by-prod-sion's program has a potential audience of uct of P.L. 89-522 and 89-511 has been the2,000,000 readers, resulting from passage of recent establishment of regional librariesP.L. 89-522. How successfully and how soon for the blind and physically handicapped in this new clientele can be informed of its states which did not have them previously. eligibility to be served may well depend on Although some of these were in the plan-the degree and extent of cooperation given ning stage earlier, these laws added impetus by libraries at the local level. One activity to the trend. Certainly the advantages ofstrongly suggestedis liaison between the such a trend in reaching the maximumlocal librarian and state, regional, or local number of beneficiaries ofthe programchapters of organizations forthe handi- would seem to be manifest, and alreadycapped, and with local service clubs; in ad- many state libraries and state library com-dition to the obvious need for constant missions have demonstrated ingenuity andavailability of informational materials such imagination in reaching citizens who areas the brochure, Reading Is For Everyone. entitled to receive these services. At the Division itself, a variety of activi- In the belief that in many instances blindties and experiments, technological and and handicapped readers would benefit byotherwise, is constantly going on to enable physical accessto library services at thethe program better to serve the expanded local level, the Division has also encouraged the development of collections of braille . .. even the smallest library ... and talking books and related materials in "This type of service to a community or area selected city, county, and school libraries in is one that even the smallestlibrary can various parts of the nation. These "sub- institute, for it puts no strain on the budget. regionals" are, in essence, offshoots of the It consists simply of getting the information regional libraries and are created and di- together and publicizing its availability. The rected by them. The Division cooperates by staff is also available to write the first letter from a blind or handicapped person to an providing additional copies of books when agency that can help himsince the mere necessary. Often in the participating local mechanics of getting a letter off might keep libraries rooms are provided where the some from takingadvantage of available readers may listen to books and magazines services."Mrs. Leola M. Millar, librarian, and otherwise "browse" just as non-handi- Free Public Library, Rolla, Missouri. capped patrons do (see cover photo). For clientele. To mention just one by way of illustration; the Technical Section has al- ready made possible the provision of elec. Ironic devices, operated either directly or by remote control, to enable handicapped readers to turn their talking book machines on and off without the assistance of others. Whether an automatic record-changer can someday be added to the service provided is also the subject of much consideration. For those readers interested in further exploration in depth and detail, an espe- cially comprehensive and valuable overview of all aspects of the program will be found in Robert Bray's ankle "Blind and Ph ysi-Robert S. Bray (left), chief, Division for the cally Handicapped, Library Service"inBlind (nu! Physically Handicapped, Library of 2 of the Encyclopedia of LibraryCongress, is interviewed by the author of this and Information Science, edited at the Uni-article. (ALA photo) versity of Pittsburgh and publishedby and am, therefore, unable to get adequate read- Marcel Dekker, New York and London. ing.Prior to my accident in1965 I was an The Human Factor assigned teacher librarian, and have my Master's Degree in Library Science. Would you please While workers in the program at all levelsforward a list of available literature both fiction have long been accustomed to (and heart-and non-fiction, on tape and records? Also, do ened by) extensive correspondence with youfurnish equipment for the use of these blind readers, they were scarCely preparedtapes and records? for the veritable flood of mail induced by the extension of the service to other types And this, from the above applicant's of handicapped persons under P.L. 89-522.physician: Here are a few extracts selected at random from the hundreds of letters on file at the Mrs. Iris been quadriplegic since Division, written by, or more oftenfor,an automobile accident in 1965. Since that time handicapped applicants. she has spent the majority of her time in various hospitals and rehabilitation centers. Physical rehabilitationis only part ofany extensive From a teacher of the homebound: rehabilitation program. WefeelthatMrs. I am hoping to procure your help for two boys needs intellectual stimulation and, who have been victims of Muscular Dystrophydue to her handicap, find it difficult to provide since the ages of two and three. They attendedher with the type of materials she needs. Any public school through thethird and fourthhelp that you can provide for her will be ap- grades. Since that time they have been under precia ted. the instruction of the County Hom e- bound Teacher. The boys arc brothers, age 16 From Sister , a staff member and 14. They are in wheel chairs, but cannotof a convalescent and rest borne: even manipulate their chairs. They cannot lift a book or turn pages in books. These boys areI would like to apply for the loan of disc re- of average intelligence and have a reading andcordings and talking book machines. Our resi- comprehension ability of junior High School.dents are of all types, mostly elderly. A good The Talking Books would be of great benefit number have impaired eyesight, malfunction of to them. the eyes, or are unable to hold a book or turn From a librarian: its pages. Several residents have multiple sclero- sis, or Parkinson's, or rheumatoid arthritis to an am at present hospitalized at advanced degree. The use of talking books ivill Rehabilitation Center. I am a complete quad- be a great aid to keeping their interest up to riplegic, which prohibits the use of my hands date and their minds clear and alert. A thank-you note from a naturalized citi- listing the names and addresses of more than zen; 35 publishers producinglarge type ma. terials. I returned home Monday from the hospital and found the record player. Words just fail me to Although space does not permit the list- express my gratitude. I thank you sincerely for ing here of all the publishers of large print your kindness to me. I also thank the good Lord materials, it may nevertheless be helpful to for giving me the foresight when I was quite name a few of the largest producers of young to come to this wonderful country of ours general fict ion and non-fiction in this fornt, and become a part of it. from whom catalogs are available on re- quest. They are: Aml one more: Keith Jennison Books(adivisionof When one receives a gift for one's birthday ... Franklin Watts, Inc.), 84 5 Third Avenue, nice but not earth shaking news. BUT when New York, N.Y. 10022, with a list approach. one receives a gift with a KEY ATTACHED ing 200 titles. that will unlock a door to a whole new way of UlverscroftLarge PrintBooks,F.A. life.... THIS IS NEWS! II And to you who Thorpe, Ltd., Leicester, England; address were responsible for this delightful surprise.... all inquiries to the American representative: Thank you, Thank you. ..for my beautiful new TALKING BOOK MACHINE. Oscar B. Stiskin, P.O. Box 3055, Stamford, Conn. 06905. In 1971 Ulverscroft published The Large Print Revolution its 500th large print title; and in 1969 Mr. Although books in large print for the par- Frederick A. Thorpe received the Order of tially sighted are not officially a part of the the British Empire from the Queen for his national program, they are an invaluable contribution in establishing the Ulverscroft adjunct to it. Pubhshed today by abuost series. two score of publishers and organizations, And G. K. Hall & Co., 70 Lincoln Street, and purchased widely (if not as widely as Boston, Mass. 02111 and Large Print, Ltd., they should bel) by regional, public, and 505 Pearl Street, Buffalo, N.Y. 14202 have recently released extensive lists of large print school libraries, they are a boon as well to books, with emphasis on current and best- thousands of readers with lesser disabilities. selling titles; catalogs on request. he prime source of information about Establishedearlier,but concentrating large print books is undoubtedly the catalogchiefly on large type materials for the school of Large Type Books in Print, edited byage, is the volunteer National Aid to the Robert A. Landau and Judith S. Nyren andVisually Handicapped, 3201 Balboa Street, published in 1970 by the R. R. BowkerSan Francisco, Calif. 91121. Company, 1180 Avenue of the Americas, It may also be useful to mention that New York, N.Y. 10036 at $11.95,listing both the Reader's Digest and New York 1,200 titles available in large type together Times (weekly) issue large type editions; with a directory of the publishers from inquiries should be addressed to these pub- whom they may be obtained..It is not too lications. much to urge libraries of all types and sizes to acquire this invaluable volume, to ear- mark a portion of each year's budget for0 ther Developments the purchase of largeprint books, and Thut the Books for the Blind and Physi- periodically to request updated listings ofcally Handicapped program is not static, such materials from the individual pub. but under wise leadership in many areas is lishers. constantly growing, constantly improving Libraries which are unable for any reason the scope and calilier of its services is grati- to acquire the Bowker volume may applyfyingly shown by a number of developments without charge to the Division for the Blindsince this article was first printed. Many of and Physically Handicapped in Washingtonthese have been indicated by updated refer- for the periodically revised reference cif,ences in the foregoing text. Certain others cular Reading Materials in Large Type,are summarized below.

19 .LA of braille music notation in orderto fill gaps in the pressbraille collectionand to vide for specialneeds ofusers. Among recent developments in thena- tional programniay be mentioned increas. ingly close cooperation betweenthe Division for the Blind andPhysically Handicapped and such other governmental agenciesas the Food and DrugAdministration, National to' Aeronautics andSpace Administration, ternal Revenue In- Service, LaborDepartment, and Departmentof Agriculture. I tions and Publica- reports of such agenciesare being Harold Russell,chairman of The provided in braille Committee on President's or recorded form, and Employment ofthe Handi- at times financed bythe agencies capped, enjoysa Keith Jennison themselves. Large Type The full WarrenReportfor examplewas Edition. ordered in talking book form on theday it An important was released, and the milestone in thearea of Summary was equally press braille was the promptly put intopress braille. Both forms announcement by thewere completed and American PrintingHouse for the Blind released to librariesin and less than sixweeks. More recently the InternationalBusiness Machines the Fed- poration of a gift Cor- eral incometax form has been by the latter ofan IBM reproduced 709 COM p u ter, in braille and isdistributed to blind capable of translatingstraight by the Division. readers text in English intobraille at a potential rate of 55,000 wordsan hour. In addition In 1972 the tothe Division issuedtwo concise obvious advantagesofreducing and highlyvaluable publications: preparation time of of Reading Sources press braille books from Materials for theBlind (iud weeks to days, thesystem when fully Physically Handirepped, tive is expected opera- listing principal to release highlytrained sources (on loan or for personnel for the rent or purchase) of production of additionalspoken word records,periodicals, open-reel needed materialsof a more and cassette difficult and tapes, related equipment,and specializednature. The first large type lilaterials; completely and Sourcesof Braille computer-produced brailletitle was pub-Materials I'm the lished early in l'isually Handicapped, 1968. IBM alsoannounced listing braillematerials for loanor pur- the availabilityin mid-1968 of chase. At least thefirst one copy of each wouldseem electrically-powered brailletypewriter, spe-indispensable in libraries cially priced of all sizes and to schools andgovernmenttypes as a resourcemanual. agencies. In a further effort to extendreference In October 1962Public Law 87-765 service to blindand physically lished a circulating estab. handicapped and referencelibrary ofreaders at the locallevel, the publishers musical scores and of instructional texts forthe the Readers' Guide blind in the Library to Periodical Literature of Congress. Sincethat have respondedto a suggestion of the date the Division sion and are Divi- for the Blind andPhysi- now indicating byan appro- cally Handicappedhas acquired copies priate symbol, in all known of both the abridgedand press braillescores here andunabridged editions,those indexed periodi- abroad, a total of25,000 volumes,or ap-cals whichare available on talking proximately 75,000 books, titles, which havebeen in braille,or on tape. A total of processed and prepared 28 periodi- for circulationto cals are so indicated. blind musicians. The Division hasalso de- To be noted also veloped a cornprehensiveprogram for train- is the Catalog ofVolun- teer-Produced Textbooks, ing volunteer transcribersin the intricacies a centralized card- index establishedand maintainedby the 4 13 American Printing House for the Blind,sion for the Blind and Physicallyt'Handi-`t# 1839 Frankfort Avenue, Louisville 40206,capped has recently introducedff:vo new now numbering more than 30,000 entriesspecial formats which have received favor- from all sources. One of the valuable func- able response. One involves the inclusion tions of this catalog i.s to serve as a clearing-of the print edition of a picture book in house, to promote the flow of materials and the container with the talking book edi- to avoid unnecessary duplication. In 1967tion. For physically handicapped or par- the Catalog became an integral unit of atially sighted childrenthesebook-record newly establishedInstructionalMaterials combinations can help to reinforce learning Center at the Printing House, a descriptive and enhance appreciation of the recorded brochure of which is available on request.text. Also, for blind children some books arc provided with bi-aille and print text and I have mentioned earlier the human con- illustrations on facing pages. These books cern for the individual reader which seems enable a sighted parent or teacher to read to characterize all levels of library service along with the child; or a blind parent can for the blind and physically handicapped. This was brought home to me again force- read to sighted children. A few of these braille titles, called Scratch 'n Sniff books, fullyandtouchinglywhen I recently have an added feature: they contain fra- visitedthe Divisionin Washington and discovered, in the National Collections cir- grancelabels whichreleasetheirscents when the reader scratches the labels with culationdepartment, a sectionof worn his fingernail. "Thus," says a Division for books embossedinthe all-but-forgotten the Blind staff member, "a child reading "Moon" type (an early rival of braille).I was further toldthat only a handful of Little Bunny Follows His Nose is treated to Moon-borrowers survive in the U.S. today, an aroma of strawberries and then pickles!" lmt that the collection will be maintained Also encouraging, in a more general sense, as long as even one reader remains to use it. is the increasing public awareness of the Need I say that this is a concept of library problems of the blind and handicapped, as service too often lost sight of in these hectic evidenced by accounts in the popular pess days? of new developments in thefield. Space on October 3, 1967, at a special ceremony permits the mention of only a few recent attended by over100 persons, President examples selected at random: progress in Johnson signed amendments to the Voca- work being done on reading machines both tional Rehabilitation Act which included a visual andtactile;the program ofthe provision to estalilish a National Center foi American Bankers Association in making its Deaf-Blind Youths and Adults. To quote authoritative booklet Personal Money Man- the magazine Performance (published by agement available in braille (consult your 'lime President's Committee on Employment local bank or the ABA, 1120 Connecticut of the Handicapped) for February 1968: Ave., Washington, D.C. 20036); the braille "The programwillundoubtedly begin and large type editions of The ABC's of slowly and develop gradually. In the mean- Cawful Buying, New York State's guide- time, however, services to deaf-blind persons book for consnmers; the growing number throughout the nation will be developing. of local radio stations which have instituted Vhile a great deal has been accomplished programs designed to be practically helpful for the deaf-blind, the need for a complete to blind and handicapped listeners; among national service has been the hope of pro- many. fessionals for some time." Books in braille, For a concise summary of aids for the it may be mentioned, arc the only source of visuallyhandicapped,includingoptical reading for this group. For latest informa- aids, see Rose W. Fingeret's stillusefnl tion, address the National Center for Deaf- "AidsfortheReader withChanging Blind Youths and Adults, 101 Fifth Ave., Vision," ALA Bulletin, October 1964, p. New Hyde Park, N.Y. 11040. 792. (The entire issue, planned by Clara In the field of children's books the Divi- Lucioli of the Cleveland Public Library,

.LY)t provides a valuable guide to library serviceAve New York, N.Y. 10010. And blind to handicappedreaders of many types.)readers and their families will find much of Other sources of information concerning.interest, told in layman's language, in Ed- visual aids include the American Optomet-ward .Jablonski's "i\lan's Conquest of Blind- ricAssociation,7000 Chippewa St.,St.ness," A awrican Legion Magazine, Decem. Louis, Mo. 63119 (which also pioneered inber 1965, p. 18. large type explora(ion and evaluation); the New York Association for the Blind (The Many libraries will find it helpful to have

I.ight house), I II East 59th St., New York,on their shelvesthe basicDirectory of N.Y.10022; and the National Society forAgencies Serving the Visually Handicapped the Prevention of Blindness, 79 Madisonin the United Slates (17th ed.,1971, $6), Books for the Blind and Handicapped Know No Age Barrier Photos: Cleveland Public Library, Free Library of Philadelphia, LC, Prince George's County Memorial Library

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..' published by the American Foundation foris here that you as a librarian, as an influen- the Blind, 15 W 16th Street, New York, N.Y.tialand informed leaderinyour com- 10011. Equally indispensable, and available,munity, can help. on request, from the Division for the Blind In conclusionI should like to quote the and Physically Handicapped, is the periodi-last paragraph of my Wilson Bnlletin article cally revised Directory of Li!irary Resourcesof 1932: for the Blind andPhysically Handicapped, a quick and time-saving finding list of es-The PrattuSmoot law has placed library work sential information concerning regionalwith the blind on a new footing. Every branch libraries for the blind and handicapped andof thc service is in a position to advance and machine lending agencies throughout theincrease its usefulness in ways that have never U.S. and its possessions. been possible before. The general library can play its part in the new era by guiding and Flow You Can Help directingby directing the blind to sources where help and pleasure await them. Large amounts of public money and vast expenditures of human effort and good will Add the phrase "and physically handi- on many levels go into the national programcapped"and for all the iwogress that has of library service for the blind and handi-been made in forty-odd years, the conclud- capped. The key to the success of the pro-ing words are just as true and even more gram lies, of course, in reaching and inform-urgent today than when they werefirst ing those who are entitled to its benefits. Itwritten. The opportunity is yours. SELECTED

NOTEFor reasons of space, not all publica- "Hartwick[CollegeLibrary] Serves die tions tnentioned in the foregoing text have been Blind," by Carolyn Wolf R: Joan Miller.In repeated here. Likewise the effort has been niade American Libraries,Dec. 1971. inthis selectedlistingtoemphasize recent Instructional Materials Reference Center for articles and publications for the mostpart. l'isuallyHandicappedChildren(circular). AT:onerous older references will be found in theAmerican Printing House for the Blind, 1839 preceding (3rd) edition of this brochure, avail- Frankfort Ave., Louisville, Ky. 402 06. able in most libraries. Large Type Books in Print(catalog), ed. by Items below marked (*) may be obtained, on Robert A. Landau R: Judith S. Nyren. 1970, request, from the Division for the Blind and$11.95. R. R. Bowker Co., 1180 Ave. of the Physically Handicapped, Library of Congress,Americas, New York, N.Y. 100 36. IVashington, D. C. 20542. "Library ServesBlind Students," by Mary Mylecraine. hiMusic Journal,Nov. 1971. "Blind and Physically Handicapped, Library * Libros Parlantes. Service," by Robert S. Bray. InEncyclopedia of "Personal Reading Machines:How They Library and Information Science.Vol. 2, 1969.Work, What They Can Do," by Harvey Lauer. Marcel Dekker,hie., 95 Madison Ave., New InNew Outlook for the Blind,Nov. 1969. York, N.Y. 10016. "PhilosophicalImplicationsof Book Selec- Blindness(annual). 1971, $3. American As-tion for the Blind," by Florence Grannis. in sociation of Workers for the Blind, Inc.,1511 Wilson LibraryBulletin, Dec. 1968. K St. N.W., Washington, D.C. 2 0005. * Reading Is for Everyone. * Braille Book Review(bimonthly). "Report on Progress in the Development of . Braille intheUnited States.1968,$1.50.VisualProtheses,"by Theodor D. Sterling, American Foundation for the Blind, 15 W. 1 6thPh.D.InNew Outlook for the Blind,Feb. St., New York, N.Y. 10011. 1970. Directory of Agencies Serving the Visually * Reading Materials in Large Type.1970 and Handicapped in the United States.17thed., Suppl ements. 1071, $6. American Foundation for the Blind, "Sam Genensky'sMarvelousSeeingMa- address as above. chine,"by George A. Boehm.InReader's * Directory of Librmy Resources for the BlindDigest,Jan. 1971. and Physically Handicapped. "Shall We Have Seeing Aids for the Blind?"

16 .t.o.41 by David R. Zimmerman. In Today's Health, Physically Handkapped, 79 'Madison Ave., New Dec. 1969. York, N.Y. 10016. " Sources of Braille Materials for the Visually "Talking Books Bridge the Communication Handicapped. Gap for Blind and Handicapped Patients." In " Sources of Rea:ling Materials for the Blind Atodern Nursing Home, Jly.-Aug. 1969. and Physically Handicapped. Talking Book Topics (bimonthly). Standards for Library Services for Me Blind Volunteers With Vision. and Visually Handicapped. 1967, $1.75. Ameri- "What About Cassettes?" by Robert S. Bray. can Library Association, 50 East Huron St..In Talking Book Topics, Sep:Oct., Nov:Dec. Chicago, III. 60611. 1971; May-Jun. 1972. Standards for Production of Reading Ma- "The Worhl Will Never Be So Small Again: terials for the Blind and Physically Handi- A Thanksgiving Story From a Blind Reader," capped. 1970,$1.50.NationalAccreditation by Robert Russell. In iVilson Library Bulletin, Councilfor Agencies Serving the Blind and Nov. 1971.

Additional copies of this pamphlet may be obtained, on request, from the Divi- sion for the Blind and Physically Handi- capped, Library of Congress, Washing- ton, D.C. 20542

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