E740 v.6 June 2003

World Bank Loan Project for Urban Construction & Environmental Preservation Province Public Disclosure Authorized

Environmental Impact Assessment on the Urban Infrastructure Reconstruction Projects of City Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized

ZHEJIANG PROVINCIAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION SCIENCE & DESIGN Public Disclosure Authorized

National EIA certificate NO. 2003 (first-grade) 2002.6

L* i Project: Urban Infrastructure Reconstruction Projects of Shaoxing City

Project File: Environmental Impact Assessment Report

Consignation Unit: Urban Construction Bureau of Shaoxing City

Assessment Unit: Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Environmental Protection

Science and Design (ZPIEPSD)

Assessment Certificate: National EIA Certificate NO. 2003 (first-grade)

Director & Corporate

Representative: Zhang Chen

Chief Engineer: Su Yusheng (Professor)

Execution Department: The EIA Center of The ZPIEPSD

Principal of Execution Department (Subdean) : Chen Dequan (Senior Engineer)

Report Principal: Jin Yongping (Senior Engineer. EIA Certificate NO.05570)

Report Editor: Zhu Yuguang (Senior Engineer. EIA Certificate NO.05515)

Zhou Anguo (Senior Engineer. EIA Certificate NO.05490)

Zhao Duo (Senior Engineer. EIA Certificate NO.05516)

Jin Yongping (Senior Engineer. EIA Certificate NO.05570)

Min Yijue (Engineer. EIA Certificate NO.05497)

Examinant: Sun Liang (Senior Engineer, EIA Certificate NO.05521)

Chen (Senior Engineer, EIA Certificate NO.05520)

Authorizer: Chen Changchun (Senior Engineer. EIA Certificate NO.05487) Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Environmental Protection Science & Design 2002.6

Content 1 Preface 1.1 Background 1.2 Environmental Impact Assessment 1.3 Basis for Environmental Impact Assessment 1.4 Assessment Contents and Key-points 1.5 Assessment Scope, Standards, Grade and Environment Protection Objects 1.6 Assessment Principles 1.7 Brief Introduction of the EIA Organization 2 Brief Introduction of the Project 2.1 Renovation of the River Courses in the Ancient Urban Area 2.2 Protection and Renovation of Historical Blocks in the Ancient Urban Area 2.3 Main Economical and technical Indicators 3 Present Situation of the Environment 3.1 Present Situation of the Natural Environment 3.2 Present Situation of the Social Environment 3.3 Present Situation of the Environmental Quality 4 Predicted Environmental Impact and Countermeasures 4.1 Environmental Impact and Countermeasures in the Construction Stage 4.2 Water Environmental Impact and Countermeasures 4.3 Acoustic Environmental Impact and Countermeasures 4.4 Ecological Environmental Impact and Countermeasures 4.5 Environmental Impact of the Land-use and Soil Erosion and Countermeasures 4.6 Environmental Impact of the Bottom Mud Treatment and Countermeasures 4.7 Environmental Impact on Urban Scenery and Historic Relics and Protective Measures 4.8 Analysis on the Emigration and Settlement and Countermeasures 5 Substitute Projects 6 Benefit Analysis on the Environment and the Economy 6.1 Benefit Analysis on the Social Environment 6.2 Benefit Analysis on the Natural Environment 6.3 Benefit Analysis on the Economy 6.4 Gross Control of Pollutant Discharge 7 Organization Setting and Supervision Plan of the Environment 7.1 Environmental Management and Supervision Organizations 7.2 Requirement and Responsibility of the Environmental Organizations 7.3 Primary Contents of the Environment Management 7.4 Environmental Monitoring Plan 7.5 Personal Training 7.6 Environmental Monitoring Report 8 Public Participation 8. Investigation Content and Methods of the Public Participation 8.2 Investigation and Analysis on the Public Opinions 8.3 Conclusions of the Public Participation 8.4 Information Announcement 9 Conclusions and Suggestions 9.1 Conclusions 9.2 Suggestions 1 .Preface

1.1 Background

Shaoxing is one of the first 24 historical and cultural cities entitled by the State Council. It is the center of Yue-culture and one of the original places for the Chinese nations as well as a typical scene city with rivers and lakes in the southern part of Yangtze River, where there are a galaxy of talents. beautiful mountains and rivers well-know in the world. The most famous and important is the ancient urban area (Gucheng), an ancient resident urban area in Shaoxing. In order to improve the ecosystem in Gucheng, to meliorate the urban environmental aspect, to upgrade the city grade and to make the city more well-known, the Urban Infrastructure Reconstruction Projects of Shaoxing City will be carried into execution. This project includes: "Renovation of the River Courses in Gucheng" and Reconstruction of infrastructure of the Historical Blocks in Gucheng". The mail purposes of this project are: to improve the water environment and natural environment in Gucheng, to renovate the historical blocks, to protect the traditional substance appearance and cultural content of Gucheng, to promote the development of tourism and to improve the residents' living condition. The total investment of the project is 105.136 million Yuan, in which the World Bank's loan is 39.5751 million US dollars. the loans from the domestic banks are 100 million Yuan totally and the other 623.28 million Yuan is raised by the municipal Minis.

1.2 Environmental Impact Assessment

According to the "Notice about the Enhancement of the EIA Management on the Loaned Projects by the International Financial Organizations" (NO. 324) in China and the "Environmental Assessment Operation Policy" from the World Bank (OP4.01). the ZPIEPSD accomplished this EIA report, assisted by thc Shaoxing Institute of Environmental Protection Science and Design (SIEPSD). The purposes to edit this EIA report are: (I) To predict and assess the possible impact of the projects on the environment, based on the investigation and assessment on the natural environment, social environment and the environmental quality of Shaoxing city;

(2) To give some suggestions on the environmental protection measures and countermeasures to make the environmental pollution under well control and to protect the environment during the design, construction and operation stages of the projects;

(3) To provide an environmental management basis for the environmental government to make it possible, not only to accomplish infrastructure reconstruction of Shaoxing and at the same time, but to protect the environment and ecosystem in this area also. The EIA of this project is confirmed as grade B, based on the analysis of the projects' characters and the recognition of the potential environmental factors, according to the classifying principles of the EIA grades in The Notice to Enhance the Management of EIA on the Loaned Projects by International Financial Organizations (NO.324) in China and the Environmental Assessment Operation Policy (OP4.01) from The World Bank.

1.3Basis for EIA of the project

1.3.1 Relevant Basis for Environmental Protection * Environment Protection Act of P R. China, Dec. 1989 * Managementt Ordinances for Environmental Impact Assessment on the Construction Projects (Ordered by the State Council of P. R. China No. 253) * Notice to Enhance the Management of Environmental Impact Assessment ont thte Loaned Projects by the International Financial Organizations, No. 324, National Environmental Protection Bureau, Nov. 1993 * (HJ/T2.1 -2.3-93, HJ/T2.4-1995), National Environmental Protection Bureau * Guide Principles on the EIA Technique --- Non-pollution Ecological Imtpact (HJ/T19-1997), National Environmental Protection Bureau, Nov. 1997 * AManagement Programs for the Construction Projects in Zhejiatng Province Environmental Protection Bureau of Zhejiang Province. Oct. 1991 * EIA operation policy (OP4.01), the World Bank

1.3.2 Relevant Documents of the Project * Pre-feasililirv Stuidy Report for the Urlbani IlnfrastructuireReconstructioni Project of Shaoxing * Official Document of the National Programme Council No.138[2002] Ratificationz of the iVationial Programme Coiuncil to the Pre-feasibility Stuidy report for the World Banik Loanied Projects of Ur-bani Conistruction anid Environmnent Preservationl in Zllejianlg Province. * Pre-ftcasibility Studov Report for tlhe Reconstruction Pioject of The Urbani lInfrastruictuire Reconistruction Proiject of Slhaoxiig, Master Institute of Research and Design of Metallurge of Non-fen-ous metals .(2002.1) * Official Document of the Government of Shaoxing Municipality, NO.8 (99) * Official Document of the Financial Bureau of Shaoxing Municipality. NO.46 (1999) * Genieral Plani of Slhaoxinzg City (1994-2010) (1995.11) * Genzeral Plani of Sliaoxinig City (2001-2020) (2001.7) * PreservationPlaii for Well-known Histories & Clultuires in Slhaoxing Citv (2001.7) * Conztrolled Area of Construictioni for the Cuiltulal Preservation Uniits inl Shaoxinlg City (1989.5.) * Systemic Plaui for the Greeni Lanid in Slhaoxitng City (1998) * Systemic Plan for the Sewage Collectioni in Sliaoxinig City (1999) * Innler River Realignmizient Plani (1999) * Regionlal Platn of Yueclheng, Shaoxing (1999)

2 * Statistical Yearbook of Sliaoxing City (2001) * General Plan of Developmtient of tie Tourismt in Shaoxingg(1999) * Urban & Rural Planning and Design Institute of Shaoxing, Urban & Rural Planning and Design, Zhejiang University Assemblage of thle Basic Data of Sliaoxing Cih's Gelleral Plan (2000) (2001.7)

1.4 EIA Contents and Key-points

1.4.1 Assessment Contents a. To collect and investigate the present situation of the environmental quality in the influenced area by the project, then to assess the present environmental situation. b. To analyze the impact of the project on the surface water, air, organism and the acoustic environments, and to analyze the influence on the traffic and urban infrastructures as well. c. To predict and analyze the potential advantages and disadvantages to influence the social environment and the residence. Meanwhile to propose some countermeasures and control measures to lessen the disadvantages. d. To make benefit analysis on the environmental economics. e. To draw out the plans of the environmental management, supervision and personal training. f. To collect and analyze the public opinions.

1.4.2 Key-points a. Environmental impact during the construction period b. Impact on the water environment after the plan of the river realignment in Gucheng. c. Noise pollution of the water pumping stations and sluices. d. Countermeasures to control the pollution and recover the ecosystem. e. Analysis on sight impact

1.5 Assessment Scope, Standards, Grades and Environmental Protection Objects

1.5.1 Assessment Scope and Functional Plan Basically, the assessment scope is the same as that of the project, where is surrounded by the moat of the ancient urban area. It is an area of about 8.32 km2. In addition it involves the place where the dredging mud will be deposited. a. Water Environment The rivers in the assessed area are type IV functional districts of water quality according the Functional Districts Partition of Surface Water in Shaoxing City and Shaoxing County; b. Air Environment The ancient urban area is the type 2 functional districts of air quality according the Functional Districts Partition of Environmental Atmosphere in Shaoxing City; c. Acoustic Environment Detailed in Figure 1-5.1.

3 1.5.2 Assessment Standards * Environmental Quality Standards of the Surface Water (GB3838-2002), grade I11.IV\1& V; * Environmental Standards of Noise in the Urban Area (GB3096-93), type 1,2,3, & 4; *0 Noise Limits on the boundaries of the Construction Spots (GB 12523-90); * Environmental Quality Standards of the Air (GB3095-1996). grade 2; * Pollutant Control Standards for the Agricultural-use Mud (GB4284-84); * Environmental Quality Standards of Soil (GB 15618-1995)

1.5.3 Assessment Grade The EIA of this project is confirmed as grade B, based on the analysis of the projects' characters and the recognition of the potential environmental factors. according to the classifying principles of the EIA grades in The Notice to Enhance the Management of EIA on the Loaned Projects by International Financial Organizations (NO.324) in China and The Environmental Assessment Operation Policy (OP4.01) from The World Bank.

1.5.4 Assessment Periods * The construction stage: from the working start to the project accomplishment (about 3-5 vears). * The operation stage: after the project run and in operation.

1.5.5 Environmental Protection Objects * The water quality in the urban rivers shall be better than the existence situation in the influenced area of the project. * The situation of soil & water conservation shall not be worse than the existence situation. * The urban scenery and ecological environment shall be improved. * The historic relics and scenery shall not be damaged. * The lives of the inhabitants shall not be disturbed during the construction period (include noise, traffic, soil dredging and deposition, etc.).

1.6 Assessment Principles

* On the basis of the projects' features, the main environmental elements and the impact factors are taken as the EIA objects. And the assessment on the most important environmental protection targets wvill be focused. * Various means, such as data collection, analogy investigation, data analysis and scene supervision, are used in the EIA. And the existing data were adequately utilized. Colloquia and questionnaire are used for the public participation. * The conclusions of the feasibility of the project were given in the sight of the environmental protection. Meanwhile, the control measures of environmental impact are proposed with maneuverability. The EIA of the project will offer the basis for the decision-making, design, construction and management of the project.

4 1.7 Brief Introduction of the EIA Organization

1.7.1 Structure of Organization The EIA report of The Urban Infrastructure Reconstruction Projects of Shaoxing City was edited by the ZPIEPSD, assisted by the SIEPSD.

1.7.2 Brief Introduction of the Assessment Agency Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Environmental Protection Science and Design (ZPIEPSD), founded in 1977, is a comprehensive and professional environmental science research and design institute in Zhejiang Province, being the only one to say precisely. There is a staff of more than 180 in this institute, and 90 percent of which are technologists; There are 55 persons holding EIA certificate, 2 person obtained doctor degree, and 15persons master degree. There are 3 professors, 26 senior engineers, and 34 engineers as well. The institute is one of agencies in China, who undertook EIA work earlier (in 1985). Passed the examination of the National Environmental Protection Bureau, the institute held the Grade I EIA certificate (National Environmental Assessment Certificate NO. 2003 (first-grade)). It has a broad scope of profession: the disciplines such as surface water, ground water, seawater, air, noise, solid trash, ecosystem, soil and water conservation, economy. health, etc., the assessed.projects like light industry, textile industry, chemical fiber industry; construction, municipal works; chemical industry, oil chemical industry, drug industry; marine and coastal engineering, regional development, communication and transportation. mechanical industry, electric industry, hydraulic engineering, hydroelectric power, etc. The institute has accomplished many EIA items of big projects, such as highway. airport, port, bridge, railway, comprehensive reformation of the urban, comprehensive regulation of navigation channels, etc. It has also accomplished some EIA items of the World Bank loaned projects and the Asia Bank loaned projects, such as: the Reconstruction Project of Beijing-Hangzhou Canal, Urban Water Supply system of City. -Hangzhou- Highway Project. Inland Waterway Reconstruction Project, Improvement Project of the Low-grade Road in Zhejiang Province, Hydraulic Pivot Project in Wenzhou, Treatment Plant of Sewage in Qige, Dumping Field Project of the Urban Trash in Tianziling Hangzhou, Land Development Project in the new developing zone of Shaoxing, etc. Since 1985, the institute has accomplished more than thousands of EIA items with high quality and speed. Therefore the institute won a lot of recognition from the National Environmental Protection Bureau, Zhejiang Committee of Economy Planning, Environmental Protection Bureau of Zhejiang Province, Construction Bureau of Zhejiang Province, etc.

5 2 Brief Instruction of the Projects

Total investment of the projects is 1.051 billion Yuan (RMB). From July I" 2002 to December 2 31d' 2005. the urban infrastructure, an area of 8.32 km . which is surrounded by the moat of the ancient urban area, will be reconstructed and improved synthetically. The project's name is Urban Infrastructure Reconstruction Projects of Shaoxing City. It is composed of two sub-items, which are "Realignment of the River Courses in Gucheng" and "Protection and Renovation of Historical Blocks in Gucheng". The historical blocks includes five parts:Yuezi City , Bazi Bridge, Luxun Road. Xixiao River and Jishan Hill. The geographical distribution of this project can be seen at Fig. I. Realignment of the river courses in Gucheng is showed at Fig.2 and the plan of protection of historical blocks in Gucheng is showed at Fig.3.

2.1 Realignment of River Courses in Gucheng

2.1.1 Present Situatio There are still 17 rivers existed in Gucheng Shaoxing, with total length of 20.2 kilometers and width varying from 3 m to 95 m. as shown in Table 2.1-1. And there are 22 stone bridges staying over the rivers, which have been listed as units or points for preservation of cultural relics at the provincial or municipal levels. At present, the major function of the rivers is water drainage and that of bridges is for communication. Together with the ancient resident houses still existed in both sides of the rivers, those ancient water conservation facilities, mentioned above, still benefit the people and form the unique frame pattern of homeland and cultural scenery with rivers, streets Table 2.1-1 Rivers in the Gucheng of Shaoxing Elevation of the Serial Start - Length(m) Width(m) riverbed(m) No. Names termination Exist Plan- Existing Plan- Exist After Remarks -ing ned Ranrc Mean ned -ing dredging Xiaoshanjie Shang-da R. - Il Si I ani 1938 1938 5 - 8 7.87 5 - 8 3.1 2.5

Bridge Xiaoshan Jishan R. - 2 XlaohShangdalu 700 700 5 - 6 5.57 5 - 6 3.1 2.5 R. Guangning 3 Dousi Bridge - 600 600 5 - 10 9.1 5 - 10 3.19 2.5 East moat Xiaoshanjic 4 Jishan R -Dongkuo 2300 2300 4 - 8 7.6 4 - 8 3.19 2.5

Fu R. - 5 Xianhua Miujiaqiao 600 600 3 - 7 5.05 5 - 7 3.2 2.5 R. I

6 Luxunlu Fu R - 1500 1500 3.5 - 5.57 6 - 7 3.43 2.5 Dongkuoonen 7 I_

6 Table 2.1-1 Continued New Guanxia Huanshan river to ng R. - Fu R. 7be opened Waifushan

Huansha Bridge - 8 Baozhu 3200 3200 5- 10 8.42 5- 10 3.43 2.5 n Bridge - Pianmen Huanshan R. - 9 Xixiao Shangdalu 700 700 5- 10 9.88 5- 10 3.1 2.5

R. Xiaoshanjic R. - Cross 10 Jishan of Xijie Rd 1000 1000 4 - 8 6.89 4 - 8 3.29 2.5

Zhongxing Rd Xianhuan i I Fu R. - 1250 1250 3.5 - 4.77 4.5 - 3.41 2.5 Nanmen Fu R. - 12 Toumiao Jingangmia 500 500 3.6 - 6.78 3.6-8 3.46 2.5 S oqian R. Inner Nanhuanch 13 Jingang eng 800 800 3 - 17 5.48 5 - 17 3.27 2.5 miaoqian R.-Lianhe Bridge

Luoien. Luomnenfan To be 14 an - Dongkuo 800 800 5- 40 14.77 5 - 40 3.15 2.5 got R. through

Inr Fu R. - 3.7-9Toh 15 Nanhuan u .n-n 1800 1800 . 53.58 6 - 95 3.13 2.5 got cheng through Inner Dongkuom 16 Easthuan en-Jishanm 1400 1400 3.7-95 53.58 6 -95 3.13 2.5 cheng en Miuj.aq .Xianhuan 17 Miujiaqi R. - Jishan 800 800 3.7-95 5.05 5 - 7 3.2 2.5 ao R. Lianhe is Jishuino Bridge-Lux 320 320 5 - 7 5.48 5- 7 3.27 2.5 ng un Road Area of Total 20208 20578 Area2of

Note: The No. 7 river will be opened since it was filled before. And the others are existing. and bridges, etc.

7 The main problems existing in the rivers in Gucheng are: * The sedimentation in the rivers is serious in general. And some of them are even blocked up, such as Luomengang River, Nanhuanchengnei River etc. The revetment of the rivers is lack of special features, of which some sections have not been repaired for over years long time. * Some reaches in Gucheng does not have any sewage interception engineering. So the untreated waste water from industry and living waster consumption is poured into the rivers directly, which worsen the water quality in the rivers. Therefore, the water quality in the most sections of the rivers is lower than that of the Standard No V. The factors, of which the concentrations exceed the limit value of the standards, are mainly dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand. bio-chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and petroleum. * In addition, the riverbed of the rivers in the city is higher than that of the suburb rivers, so it is difficult for the clear water in the upstream of the rivers to flow into the city. And the river water in the city has a weak capability of self -purification, being polluted seriously and being black and off-flavor. Thereafter, the pollution problem of the river water can't be solved thoroughly, despite it was flushed by pumping water some times. * There are a few illegal buildings along the rivers, which not only make the rivers narrower, but also damage the scenery of the revetment and greatly affect the beauty of the river.

2.1.2 Content of the Item The subitem is composed of five parts, listed as follows: • Dredgement of the courses of 17 rivers in the city which is 20.2 km. * Widening five rivers' courses and stone-laying on the revetment of the rivers. * Excavation of Qianguanxiang River and repairs of the revetment and construction of bridge (ports). . Repairs. reconstruction and construction of 4 pumping stations (3 of them are to be repaired and I is to bc constructed.) and 14 anchor gates (II of them are to be reconstructed and 3 are to be constructed.) * Plantation on the river banks. What are said above can be summarized as follows: Realignment of river courses; Water diversion and water level control; Construction of bridges and ports on the Qianguanxiang River; Plantation on the river banks. hey are to be introduced below.

2.1.2.1 Realignment of River Courses This is composed of three parts: * Dredgement of river courses; . Widening river courses; * Excavation of Guanxiang River

(1) Dredging the River Courses According to the plan, it is required that from the south to the north 17 rivers be dredged. which are 20,208m long. 4-95m wide and 0.6-0.96m deep. Dredge will be carried out in different river

& reaches either by manual method or by dredge boats. About 200,000m3 mud will be removed. As some of the river reaches have been dredged. it is estimated that there will be 100,000m 3 mud being removed in Shaoxing County. The mud removed will be transported in two ways. First, with canned vehicles if the mud is in the reachable regions for a vehicle. Second, with canned vehicles after man-power transport if the mud is in the unreachable regions. The mud will be transported to the Sanjiang Landfill Site of Urban Disposal, 12km far from the ancient urban area. Thus secondary pollution can be prevented. After the dredge, average river depth can reach 3m and the average water depth will reach 2m. (2) Widening the river courses There are totally five river courses required to be widened, which are Xianhuan River (part of Miujiaqiao River included), Luxunlu River, Jingangmiaoqian River and Inner Nanhuancheng River. Their engineering properties are listed in Table 2.1-2.

Table 2.1-2 Engineering Properties of the Widened Rivers LLngth (m) Width (m) ~~Earth anid Brclyn Serial Names of the Length (ti) Width (m) Stone Bncklayng No. R ivers Afte Present Widened present Adter (In') (in')

Xianhuan, 1,400 700 3.0-7.0 5.0-7.0 5,000 1.600 1 Miujiaqiao

2 ILuxunilu 1.500 700 3.5-7 6.0-7.0 7,000 1.600

3 Fu 1,250 500 3.5-9 4.5-9 5,000 1,10()

4 Jinganginiaoqian 800 400 3.0-17 5.0-17 3.000 850

5 hInier 1.800 400 3.7-95 6-95 3.000 850 Nanhiiuancheng

Total 2.700 23.000 6.000

(3) Excavation of Guanxiang River In the plan of water environment realignment, to protect the inner cycle river is the emphasis. besides to preserve the existing rivers from being invaded. The inner cycle is referred to the annular river courses in Gucheng. (From Xixiaolu River-Huanshan River-Guanxiang River -Luxunlu River-Jishan River -Changqiao River-Xiaoshanjie River-Shangdalu River), which is the main water system in the Gucheng. In order to link up the inner cycle of river courses and develop the tourism on water in the city, the Guanxiang River should be excavated again. Therefore the east and the west part can be connected into a ring. Thus, the annular tourism line on water of the city can be constituted. The Guanxiang River to be excavated is from the south reach of Huanshan River to Fu River. The excavated Guanxiang River will be 370m long, 5-7m wide. It can link up the east half of annular water system and the west half. The predicted excavating volume of mud is estimated to be 5000m3 , and that of stone laid on the revetment will be about 3000m3 .

2.1.2.2 Water Diversion and Water-level Control

9 (I) Water Diversion There have been three pumping stations. They are Jianhu Pumping Station (lying in the west of the city), Nanmen Pumping Station (lying in the south of the city) and Dongdumen Pumping Station (lying in the east of the city). The pumps there can be repaired and altered. There totally installed 7 pumps. The parameters of each pump are as follows: Q=4000m3 /h. H=4m-7m, n=580rpm. Moreover. there lixed one vertical electric machine on each pump, the power of which is 80kw and the voltage is 380v. The new-built Jishanmen pumping station will lie in the Dusimen at the south city moat. Its construction area will be 80m2. The houses set for supervision will lie outside and there will be a country yard. There are 3 pumps fixed (2 of which are used and one is for preparation). Their standards are the same as above. (2) Water-level Control II anchor gates will be reconstructed Their specifications will be the same as the existing ones. And there installed headstock gears in every one. 9 electro-hydraulic headstock gears will be fixed in 9 anchor gates of 7 sluices, with motors of 10kw power and control rooms. The other 4 sluices will be undersize ones with finestras less than 2m width. The headstocks will be manual without control rooms. (3) 3 new built sluices will respectively lie in Guanxiang River. Nanhuan Inner River and Jishan River. with hydraulic single open door, of which the average width will be 6m. And the power of motors will be 10kw and there will be also control rooms fixed.

2.1.2.3 Construction of Bridges and Piers over the Qianguanxiang River

4 bridges and 1 pier will be constructed. Their planar collocation can be seen at Fig.4. (I)Constructing 4 bridges. 3 of them will lie on the Qianguanxiang River which are to be excavated. The other one will lie at the cross of Qianguanxiang River and Jiefang Road. One of them will have a width of 3m and a span of 6m. made of stone for walk. Other two bridges will have a width of 10m and a span of 6m. made of cement concrete. The another one will have a width of 32m and a span of 6m. made of cement concrete. The bridges' design load.is Grade B for urban areas. The elevation of the bridges' bottoms will be 6.5m, to meet the requirement of the small tourism boats to pass through. Under the cement bridges are the hole filling pile foundations and over the surfaces of the bridges asphalt is to be laid with 5cm thick. (2) Constructing one pier. Its location will be at the cross of Qianguanxiang River and Jiefang Road. Its area will be 1900m2. composed of 960 m2 of water and 940m2 of ground. The engineering quantities of the works are listed in the following: * Bricklaying, 1200 m2 * Excavation, 4000m2 . * Filling. 1000m. The riverbanks will be fully afforested.

2.1.2.4 Virescence of Banks

10 In order to preserve the river courses, the following measures will be tak-en along' some riverbanks, such as the Jingangmiaoqian River, Toumiu River, Luomen River, Nanhuanchengnei River and so on. Realignment of environment along the rivers; * Demolishing the illegal buildings; * Planting green plants * And sheltering some bad shape structures by tall arbors

The total excavation cubage of realignment of rivers in Gucheno mentioned above will be 32,000 m3 (except the removed mud) while the filling soil will be 10,000m3 . The volume of stone laid on the revetment will be 10,200m3 and that of the mud removed from the riverbed will be 200,000m3 .

2.1.3 Equipment to Be Added In order to diverse water and control the water level, it is required to add some new equipment (some will be imported) (see Table 2.1-3).

Table 2.1-3 Catalogue of the Main Equipment o. Names of Equipiiient Type&Specification Unit Quantit Attached Remarks v Motor (kw) Hydraulic Engineering Majorinig Constiructing one plUillpingstation Vertical Axial-flow Q=4000m'/h 11=4m nl=5SOOrpm Stand 3 80 Iltjporte Puinp d Electric (2) Sinigle-bean &k=6. Oii Q=3t Stand 1 3

__ lioisting Machinle 2 Reconstructinig 3 Pumping Stations (l) Vertical Axial-flow Q=4000m'/h H=4m n=58001pm Stand 7 8 nporte PumIIp 040/ 4 ~80p tn 80 dl 3 Reconstructing 11 si lices Double-hung anchor B=6m h3m Hole 3 10 gate Double-gate (2) hydraulic B=9m h=3m Hole 1 10 horizontal open anchor gate Single-gate (3) hydraulic B=6m h=3m Hole 4 10 horizontal open anchor gate Single-gate (4) hydraulic B=4m h=3m Hole 1 10 horizontal open anchor gate hlanual double-hung B-2m h3m Hole 4 anchor gate Constructing 3 snluices Single-gate 3 hydraulic B=6m h=3m Hole 3 10 horizontal open anchor gate Electric Power Majoring _g Table 2.1-3 Continued

Constructing I pumpin1g station_ Svstem YB, attached in SC9 3 Box-tvpe electric -250/ 10, voltage Stand I substation transformer, Duplicate supplv lead-in_ Low voltage MNS Piece 2 .2) distributtion screen _ (3) SecondarS capacitor MNS, Attached in 90 Kv Piece i screen () Control box of' pump Non-standard(attached in 3 soft start) Di stribLutiol box DXTR-3-3X4/lCM for lighting _ 2 Reconstructing 2 -puLttpipIg stat ions _ Systemr YB, attached in SC9 Box-tvpe electric -250/ 10. voltage Statl 2 substat ionl transformier, Duplicate

supply lead-in

(2) I.owvoltage NSis Piece 2 distrrbiution screen_ (3) Secondary capacitor MNS: Attached in 90 Kv Piece 2 scr-een Non-standard(attached in (1) Control box of pump soft start) 2 Distribution box DXTR-3-3X4/lCM 2 for lighting 3 Reconstructing I

_____ pumping station System YB, attached in SC9 3 Box-type electric -250/ 10. voltage Stand I substationl transformer, Duplicate suppIV lead-iri (2) Low voltage NiNS Piece 2 (2) distrilbution screen_ (3) SecondarY capacitor MNS; Attached in 90 Kv Piece screen Notn-standard(attached in (UI 1ont01box of purnp soft start)

Distribution box DXTR-3-3X4/ICM I fol Ii ghlig _T3rig

12 Reconstructing 11 4 sluices(7 of them are electric ) Systein YB, attached in SC9 (I) Box-type electric -250/ 10. voltage Stand 7 substation transformer, Duplicate supply lead-inl (2) Control box of Non-standard(attached in 7 sluice soft start) (3) Distribution box DXTR-3-3X4/ICM 7 for lighting 5 Constructing anchor gates System YB, attachied in SC9 Box-type electric -250/ 10, voltage 53 substation transfornier, Duplicate supply lead-in (2) Control box of Noni-standard(attached in sllice soft start) (3) DistribLution box D3TR-3-3X4/ICM 3 for lightling 2.2 Protection and Reconstruction of the historical blocks in Gucheng

2.2.1 Present Situation & Plan The general situation and plan of the five historical blocks, which are included in this subitem, is introduced in the following Table 2.2-1, including the areas and populations.

Table 2.2-1 Area, Population of each historical blockA

Xcl,\)A arIcsAofshIv A I nn i n gA Ar cunA1 r1AI i v i n gA POPll I lt I(]inA biockA AreaA AIia) E istLi gA H inni rigA ExistingA Pl uwni ngA IA YuezichengA 68. 28A 15. 13A 11).28A 80.6A 14167A 2A 3InziiVlridgeA 14. 66A 10. *t7A II). S4A 4600A 12()0A

3A i.uxunARMIoIA 15. 25A 7A 7. 43A 3571A 2600A

4A A XI v 22.94A 6. 5iA 6. h4A 417:iA 26i)A Ri ve r-A 5A I i shllnN I i 1l A 35. IA 12. 63A 17. 116A 5788A .30)IOA

6A toitllA 161. 64A 51. 74AA I. .55A 26188A 192(7A

2.2.2 Content of the Item This subitem includes: * Laying engineering pipelines for water supply, sewage discharge and natural gas transportation; * Renovating some dangerous houses: Adding equipment for the kitchens and W.C; Raising living conditions; * Demolishing illegal buildings to improve the living environment; * Adjusting the land functions, such as (l)rectifying the net of roads, streets and lanes, to meeting the requirement for fire-fighting trucks to drive, (2)Constructing parking lots and mini

13 squares, (3) Moving factories and warehoused, (4) Extending the area of greenage. Protecting and renovating cultural and ancient relic sites. The above works can be summarized into two parts: reconstruction of the engineering pipelines and protection and realignment of the buildings. They will be introduced as follows: (1) Water Supply Pipelines 0 Water for Living The water consumption for living in each historical block is listed in Table 2.2-2. Table 2.2-2 Amount of Water for l iving

Qualntulm ol' Ave-rgnge W VOlunic ol QUanuimof volume' 0) Coe I'Fi c Ite hitxi mum katert TOtaLI Names of RIes i (denceC comprehens ive nt (fI of WrLr CoFISupRiLon vc) I Lime No hi sLol I lPopeIIatiO water w. tcr var at Ioi consLlm)LtI that cannot ol water bl ocks ni consumption consLum til1 cveUr onrevery he prdicLeed co(isump (L. d) h day (m'/d1) daynl / d) ever) -t ion (C/p ~~~~(Ia y (m'/d) cjiayWm/dO I \YU.i C iteL -147 3()( I:301. I 2011:I1(2 24 12

2 '3il1i1201) :3((1 1260( I I8X() 378 2268 FIirdge :1 L.UXIn load 260(0 911) 7810 1. .5 1170) 2:14 1010

4 216()1 :3/0 781 1 .5 11(1 231 I'10 1

i shan - J i.sh l 51()(). :1()0 1621) 1. 5 21:31) 1S6 2826 (X) Water for Fire-fighting According the design specification, if the population is less than 10 thousand in one block, one f'ire hazard will happen at the same time f'or all the blocks. Water for fire-fighting outdoor will be lOL/s.t and the fire will last 2 hours. The diameters of water supply pipes joined into the customer's houses shall not be less than DN25. But in the engineering quantities. they are not less than DN50. Fire hydrants are to be installed on the main pipes and the distance between everv two of them should not be more than 120m. and 80m in specially protected places. ( Design of Water Supply Pipes The material is high-density polyethylene. The embedded depth of main pipes should not be less than 1.2m and the branch pipes' should not be less than 0.7m. When the pipes are in the small streets or lanes, the embedded depth should not be less than 0.5m.

Table 2.2-3 Water Suppl) Plipes' Specifications and Quantities ILcngth ol Wlacer SUpply IipesS(m) \No \.ames [)N20)0 D .(S) 1).\l()()IDN80) 1)(.NS)

l ute. i C(;i 178() 8()() 151)1) :36()))

2 Baz i FIr i Ige 9()() 970 66(1 :3()0() Luxun lood :313( 60)0) 6491 30(10) xixi ao I. vc- 71)0 520) 20711 41500)

.l sha.n Ilil 751( .9()5 )1)( 6()0() I otaI 75(0 :317() '3118 I 6320 2(10()1

(2) Pipes for Natural Gas (0) Amount of natural gas consumption is to be listed in Table 2.2-4.

14 Table 2. 2-4 Amount of Natural Gas Consumption

, Averaged6 Residence comprehensive Natural gas PeA No Numes . consumpti on of I'opulation per coefflicient of natural naturall gas dayv(m'/d) g (m /d) ImYp .d) .s('d

I huezi City '1467 0.2 89:3 4 :1572

2 lazi l3ridge 4201) 0. 2 840 3I:3360

3 Luxun Road 2600 0. 2 520 4 2080

4l xiXiar 260(0 0. 2 52(0 2080 Riiver

5 .jishall ((ill 51(10 0. 2 1080( 1:(00

( Design of Pipes for Natural Gas According the design speculation, the natural gas supply pipes should be laid paralleled to pipes for water supply and the horizontal distance between two pipes should not be less than O.5m. Annular pipes may be used in small streets or lanes and the horizontal distance should be 0.15m. And the embedded depth should equal to that of water supply pipes. The material of pipes for natural gas is welding steel pipe. Quantity and specification of the natural gas supply pipes at every historical block can be seen in Table 2.2-5.

Table 2.2-5 Quantity and Specification of Natural Gas Supply Pipes

Pipes folr natAlral gas No Names of historical hincks I)NI 5() 1101() DN\80 IA7(0 DN)5(0

I Yu7Zi CiLy 1780 80(1 15(11) :OM(11

2 lBai B(riidge 9()0 9711 661 :M(111

:3 LIuxun Road 3:3(1 6(1( 69(1 :13()()(

,I Xixl il) Rlive 71111 52(0 2070) '1511

.1i shari Ili I l 75(0 59( 1400 61h(((

'Iota I 7511 371(0 34811 6:320 20111

(3) Pipes for Sanitary Sewage Discharge T Sewage Volume The quantum of the sanitary sewage is calculated according to 85 percent of that of water consumption, and percolation amount of ground water is considered as 10 percent.. The amount of sanitary sewage in every historical block has been listed in Table 2.2-6.

Table 2. 2-6 Amount of Sanitary Sewage T.otalamount of Coefficient Coefficient AmoLunt of Names of historical No water of Of sairitcary hlocks consumption (m:/e) reduction permeability sewage (m13/r)

15 Yuzi CILty 2112 0.85 1.1 22.5i5

2 Ilazi Bridgc 2268 85 1 1 2120)

3 LuxusunRoald 1404 0. 85 1. I 1312

1 Xixiau River 14 0.85 1.0 1312

o5 j ishain Hi I I 2826 0.85 2612

( Design of Sewage Discharge Pipes The existing combined pipes will renovated to discharge rainwater into the inner rivers. The new-built pipes will discharge the living sewage into the municipal sewage pipes, then to the sewage treatment plant. In every historical block, the main pipes will be set in the main roads, embedded depth of which will not be less than 1.Om. Branch discharge pipes will be set in minor roads or small streets and lanes. Their embedded depth will not be less than 0.7m. In small streets or lanes, concrete covered ditches can be employed. If conditions allow, some anaerobic tanks may be constructed in some residential districts. In other districts, the sanitary sewage may be directly discharged into sanitary sewage pipes by manholes. The material of the discharge pipes is concrete. Its quantity and specification can be seen in Table 2.2-7.

Table 2.2-7 Quantity and Specification of Discharge Pipes I)i scliiige1'Pipes \o Nanies of' historicul hlocks (m) d(I)()) d2()(

I Y'uezti Cit I, 8()() :, 98()

lBazi ri dge 8()() 1, 791)

Luxurn1 Road 6(H)) 1, 249(

xixiao liver 1, 60( 2, )75

.0 .Jish an l 111 1, 8)() 2, ()1

i 'lTota l 6, 600 1, 18()

2.2.2.2 Protection and Realignment of Buildings * Patterns of Protection and Realignment The patterns are defined as follows: Protection To protect the existing appearances in order to reflect the historical heritages authentically. The method is mainly for the cultural preservation units and some traditional folk houses with typical features and fine qualities. We can repair them or change their several components. but the original appearance must be kept to preserve the real appearance. Improvement If the building's structure is still good but it cannot adapt to the requirement of modern life, we will keep its layout and its style with repairing and renovating for some part of the

16 building. This way is mainly for the houses in the traditional appearance zone along streets and rivers. The greatest work in this method is to renovate inside the building such as equipping with municipal utilities to improve the people's living quality, while the outside environment shall be treated and repaired. Reconstruction--Structures that affect the traditional style and features greatly will be reconstructed to preserve the consistency. In this way, some measures can be taken like to graft historical building or reuse some historical components. Being remained temporarily--If the structures, shapes and qualities of the architectures constructed after 1980s are still very well and they don't collide with traditional stvle and features much, the buildings will be remained and kept in the existing situation. Renovation If some buildings have good qualities with bad style and features, they will be renovated over the vertical faces including lowering their height, changing the horizontal roof into slope one and changing the color of the outside of the wall and the roof. Demolition The industrial or ware structures damaging the appearance of the historical blocks, and the illegal constructions, which destroy the style and features in the historical blocks, will be removed.

* Zonal Introduction of the project 1. The Historical Block of Yuezi City (l) General Situation This block is taken as the original place of the city Shaoxing. Its historical culture is continuously developed to become the central block in Gucheng. Fushan Hill (named Dragon Hill too) lies in the center, being circulated by river courses which form the natural environment of hill and waters. This is the most notable characteristic of natural view in this block. Between the hill and waters are Fuzhi Street. Pianmen Street, Longshanhou Street and Zuoyifang Street. Such streets or lanes and folk houses are kept primarily entirely. There are many historical remains distributed in this area. All of the above forms the block' scenic characteristics, which is mysterious, long-standing, simple and unsophisticated. 0( Land-used The land area of the block is 68.28 ha. Besides Fushan Hill as a park, whose area is 23.91ha, land used for industry and warehouses is 7.99ha, accounting for too much of the whole. In this block, land used for living is mixed with the cultural interests and the public greenbelts are very deficient. 0 Population The resident population is 8056, with construction area of 55m2 per person. Because it is speculated by the national government that the Grade II level of construction area is 75.1 m2-90.0m2 for one person, the population must be controlled and dispersed properly. (0) Cultural Relics There are 14 units of city-grade cultural preservation in this block, most of which have been repaired (see Table 2.2-13 for detail). (A) Construction The present total area of construction is about 582.600m2 . The assessment of their style and

17 features can be seen in Table 2.2-8.

Table 2. 2-8 Evaluation of Architectuiral Stvle and Features in Historical Bloc of Yuezi Cito

Classif ic;ltion Fval uat io Cnonstruct onl Proport iIon CS)

An) icnt )onstru) tions that are opt porfe)t or traoditional stLrU)turus th5t 7 I 5~~~~~178 ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~7,9. X7 have hbci repa i rcd a)) ord i ng L the demonrid of' style andl ft'c.tures Baildings th(: original; traoditLionlil or)hitc)Ltura modeling ire ept 11 primiri lI down, hut some doors, wincldows 187, 8411 32. 2 1 wiills, i-ool ond s) on ;ire hro t-n i ) orto in. I iiildings, the origino) troditLionl or)hito) Lurol modeling iro opt pimarilyd own, btt some doors ,windows 111 wol ls, r-oof and so on Ire doestrovye 185, 718 '1. 88

SCrion1l Sl or- sonMU r?oCn'tod hULil Wings thit hIove lost original style ;irid fo~il tres. Iil-r-IC- SIt-u) tUroCs, SIInl dwel lings oIIld IV dingerouLs hoLusos ;)ordingo hnidl) with 151,)533 26. ()I the stvleuriid l Iota'eSrf1 CaL)hon9g

(2) Adjustment of Land-use Plan According to the protection requirement of the historical block, the land-use plan should be adjusted so as to preserve the style and features and the environment of the historical block better and to help improve people's lives as well as to develop tourism. I1) To line the lands for irregular use and so on into park land; To line out the monumental square inside the park and take it as a public square of the whole city. Thus the problems. that the entrance is too crowd and there is no space for parking, can be relaxed. © To exhume some fine and valuable ancient architectures in the area for living and speculate them as cultural relics and historic sites. ( To remove Shaoxing Silk-spinning Factory and such factories gradually. Thus, the lands occupied by them will mainly be used for residence and commercial or entertainment. Meanwhile, the tourism in the block can be developed reasonably further. 0 To add parking places at the boundary area of the block. To add some small scattered greenbelts mainly to strengthen and integrate the public greenbelts along the rivers and streets. C To extend the area of common space and green belts combined with the protection of cultural relics and historic sites. Thus the environment around them can be improved. (3) Adjustment of Population Plan In order to raise the people's living quality in the historical block of Yuezi City and make the living environment better, we'll carry out the protection plan of the famous ancient and cultural city by means of demolishing illegal slum dwellings and extending greenbelts. Resident population will be aligned to be 4467 from present 8056, with 3598 emigrated, who will be arranged to be settled down in other zones of Shaoxing with a reasonable compensation according the local government policy. 2. Historical Block of Luxun Road (I) General Situation This block is named for it is the place that the famous writer Luxun lived in his childhood. It includes Baicao Yard (Lu Xun's former residence), Sanwei Study, Xianheng Restaurant. Zhous' Old Stand-door and such historic remains, which tie tightly up with the life of Luxun's childhood. And some of them are mentioned and described in his writings. These are the most important features in this block. As for the ancient architectures, there are a passel of considerable-scale dwellings with stand-doors such as Zhus' Stand-door, Chens' Stand-door. Shous' Stand-door and so on. Around them are flaky of protected zone of some traditional folk houses, which are primarily integrated. And there are also some cultural historic sites interspersing among them. All these building form the elegant and cordial scenic characteristic of this block. ( Land-use The land area of this block is about 15.25ha. The living area accounts for about a half of the whole and industrial area is about 0.72ha with a comparative low percent. Because the residential living level is rather low at present in this block, there are not enough parking lots and scarce public greenbelts. (2) Population Resident population is 3571. The averaged land use of construction is about 43m2, with a bit high density of population. (M Cultural Relics and Historic Sites There are 3 units of national-grade cultural preservation and 5 points of city-grade cultural preservation. Also there are a rather great passel of stand-doors, traditional folk houses and characteristic architectures. (A) Architecture The present construction area is totally 117,100m2. Table 2.2-9 shows the architectural style and features in detail.

Table 2.2-9 Evaluation of Architectural Style and Features in Historical Bloc of Luxun Road Classifi)at ion Area of )onstru) t ion (mi) Proport ioil (W)

.,35,1(1)( 29.97

11 :3'1,30( 29. 29

16, 10( :39. :37

IV 1,600 1.37

(2) Adjustment of the Land-use Plan

19 O To move out the Cool Food Factory of Meat, the Tobacco Machinery Factory and the other 3 factories and warehouses. () To line the land occupied by some excellent stand-door structures such as Zhus' Stand-door as cultural and historic ones in the residential area and to keep them in preservation. (O) To develop and renovate the commercial lands on both sides of the South Xijian Road and the north side of the Luxun Road. To integrate and improve the social infrastructures along the South Xinjian Road and Xianhuan Road. (A) To increase the parking area in the west entrance of the Luxun Road, the entry at the cross of the Luxun Road and the Zhongxing Road and so on, extending the parking land. 3) To extend the public spaces of the cultural relics points and the area of the public greenbelts. (O©To improve and strengthen the greenbelts along the rivers and streets. According to the grade classification of preservative regions, there are 1.61ha of the I" preservative region, 6.68ha of the 2nd and 0.96ha of the 3rd in the block. (3) Adjustment of the Population Plan 2600 persons will be kept down while 971 person will be emigrated. 3. Historical Block of Xixiao River (I) General Situation This block is named for the Xixiao River, which runs through this area. Around the river, there are a great tlaky of traditional folk houses of water rural area distributing along the river. They formed the most important scenic characteristic in this block. Another characteristic architecture in this block is the Thirteen Halls of Lvs' Mansion constructed in the Ming Dynasty. Among the tlaky group ot constructions of the traditional folk houses, there are some cultural and historic sites with deep cultural connotations. such as Datang School, Guyue Library and so on. All of these building made a deep historical and cultural atmosphere in the block. (C ILand-use The land area is about 22.94ha in this block. And the most part of that is residential, the second part is industrial one, including the Shaoxing Oil Factory, the Medicine Factory and other factories and warehouses with considerable scales. Now, the residential environment is not well. The Municipal Electro-Administrate Department and the Medicine Factory are great obstructs of the urban sight. The function of the military area in this block is not consistent with that of the historical block. (C Population Based on investigation, the present resident population in this block is 4473. The efficient averaged area of construction for each person is 32m2, with a high density of population. @ Cultural Relics and Historical Sites There are I national-grade unit of cultural preservation, 2 provincial-grade units and 3 city-grade such as Lvs' Mansion. Datang School, Guyue Library, Wangyangming's former resident site and so on. Lvs' Mansion is Lvben's, who was the one of the secretaries in the Polite Department of the government in Jiajing Years of Ming Dynasty. Its has a large area and it is one of the largest structures in Zhejiang Province built in the Ming Dynasty. So it has a very high value in culture and history. (A) Architecture

20 The total construction area in this block is 244,500m . Table 2.2-10 shows the style and features of the buildings.

Table 2.2-10 Evaluation of Architectural Style and Features in I-Historical Block of Xixiao River

ClSS isiCic. ioti Area of construLction(m-) r'r tian(S)

3, 89.1 14. 86

1 112, :318 '15 95 .30, 929 12. h:i IV 6, 53:3 26. 72

(2) Adjustment of Land-use Plan (O) To line some valuable ancient structures with good quality in the residential area to be cultural and historic sites. ( To build some parking lots on the edge of this historical block. ( To build some greenbelts, since there are too little greenbelts at present in the block; Especially to strengthen the scenic greenbelts in the entrance and along the rivers and streets. ( To remove the factories of medicine-making and printing gradually so as to extend the residential lands and to develop tourism. (5) To extend the public space and area of public greenbelts and to improve the space environment of the historic sites and all of the block, combined with the protection of the cultural relics and historic sites. (©) To Layout the characters of the lands in the block. For example, along the south and middle part of Xixiao River, it is constructed mainly for the public utilities of tourism. And in the north it is prior to construct for the residential utilities, and some public utilities for the community service chiefly. According to the grade classification of preservative regions, there are about 4.26ha of the first grade, 8.06ha of second and 10.62ha the third. (3) Adjustment of Population Plan To improve the situation of high density population, it is planned that 2600 persons will be kept down while 1873 persons will be emigrated. 4. Historical Block of Jishan (I) General Situation This block lies against the Jishan Hill in the north and near the Xiaoshanjie River in the south. Through the block is running the Jishan River. All of the above constitute the block's style and features, environment of which is full of hill and waters. This block is well known for the Jiezhu Temple (City-grade point), where Wangxizi lived in once. Around the temple, there are some historic sites correlated with Wangxizhi's life like Mochi Pool distributed. Thus it becomes the most important characteristic in this block. Another characteristic architecture is the Caiyuanpei's former residence (National-grade unit). Around the two famous structures are flaky of traditional folk houses that are protected almost perfectly.

21 (D Land-use The land area of the block is about 35.51-ha, most of which is for traditional folk houses. And the subsection is for multi-floor building built in the recent years. The industrial warehouses area is about 9.52ha with a rather great percent of the whole, including the Shaoxing China Factory (demolished). the Shaoxing Shoe Leather Factory. the Foods Factory and other factories and warehoused with considerable scales. As the industrial area is too large. the environment and value of the historical block are influenced seriously. In addition, since the different used lands are mixed up. the living level of the residents is generally low and the municipal utilities are much deficient. Q0 Population Resident population is 5788 with a primarily suitable density of population at present. So only a few are to be emigrated. (©) Cultural Relics and Historical Sites There are one national grade unit of cultural preservation, 4 units of city grade and 5 points of city grade. Among them, the former residence of Caiyuanpei renovated since 1987 has been incorporated into the former residences of Chinese Men of Mark. 40) Architecture Total construction area in this block is 284,500m2 . Table 2.2-11 shows the style and features

Tahle 2.2-Il Evaluation of ArchitectLlual Style and Features in Historical Block of Jishan lli]l Classification Atea of construct inOn(i) Proportion (%O) l 6,900 143 104, 440 36. 72 111 81, 360 28. 6 IV 91,800 32.27 (2) Adjustment of Land-use Plan (J 'To l1ine the fine and valuable mansions and yards in the residential area as the cultural and historic sites. (I To build some greenbelts on the edge of the block and plan to extend the existing greenbelts. since the greenbelt area is too small at present. Especially to strengthen and consummate the public greenbelts along the rivers and the streets. ( To remove gradually the factories of shoes leather, metals and so on ( the Shaoxing China Factory has been demolished) to extend the residential lands and to develop tourism reasonably. C) To extend the public spaces and the area of public greenbelts to improve the space environment of the historic sites and all of the block, combined with the protection of the cultural relics and historic sites. According to the grade classification of the preservative regions, there are 0.94ha of the first grade, 8.96ha of the second and 25.61ha of the third. (3) Adjustment of the Population Plan The density of population in this block is primarily suitable. So there's no need to adjust the population plan. 5. Historical Block of Bazi Bridge

22 (I) General Situation In this block, there are the Jishan River and the Dusi River runs through the area, forming a particular water environment, which is the subject of the block. And it is the epitome of the Water City of Shaoxing as well. There are Bazi Bridge, Guangning Bridge, Dongshuang Bridge. Fangche Bridge, Longhua Bridge and other ancient bridges. The water streets of Bazi Bridge and Guangning Bridge lie in the center of the block, around which are flaky of traditional folk houses against water with national or religious characteristic historic remains interspersing. Thus the sight of a water village in this block is formed, which is tranquil, mild, simple and unsophisticated. (0 Land-use There are about 19.66-ha area of lands in the block. And the residential area accounts for more than one half. The second large area is mainly for education, such as Shuren School, Bazi Bridge Primary School, Shaoxing Sanitation School and Foodstuff Cadres School and so on. The industrial area is not large (about 0.7ha), including Shaoxing People's Clothing Factory. Shaoxing Sugar and Confectionery Factory and so on. At present, there are still some problems. (I) The factories in the south of the block and the renovated residential houses do not assort with the integrated style and features of the block. (2) The environment in the traditional folk houses is rather bad. (3) The open space and green lands are too deficient in the block. (4) The infrastructures are not perfect enough and so on. ® Population According to some investigation, the present resident population in the block is 4600 with a small construction area per person. So, it is necessary to carry out emigration partly. ) Cultural Relics and Historic Sites There are I national grade unit of cultural preservation, I provincial grade unit, I city grade unit and 6 city grade points. There are also many deeds of personages and customs here. The priority of these cultural relics and historic sites are irrigation utilities, such as Bazi Bridge. Guangning Bridge, Dongshuang Bridge, Cangnong Ancient Well, Wangchun Bridge, Fangche Bridge and so on. They together exhibit a frame of vivid Water Village's life. There is a sentence describing Bazi Bridge as follows: Two bridges lean facing each other, the shape of which looks like Chinese word "A". And it is the most famous ancient bridge in Shaoxing because of its long-standing history and special shape. It has been authorized as one of the national grade units of cultural preservation. Moreover, there are some foreign and Chinese religious structures, such as the papistic church and the , etc. 0 Architecture Total construction area in this block is about 162,700m2 . Table 2.2-12 shows the architectural style and features in this block. Table 2.2-12 Evaluation of Architectural Style and Features in Historical Block of Bazi Bridge Classification Area of construction (m2) Proportion (%) I 13,515 8.4 11 37, 970 23.6 III 27,673 17.2

23 I RIT 1 81, 732 50.8

(2) Adjustment of Land-use Plan (0 To line the valuable ancient structures, such as Zhangs' Stand-door. Wangs' Stand-door and so on. out of the residential area as some cultural and historic sites. (©) To remove the factories of foods and so on gradually to vacate the lands for residence and greenbelts. O) To build some parking lots on the edge of the block. (i) To build some new greenbelts in plan. especially to strengthen and consummate the public greenbelts along rivers and streets. 0 To increase the area of public greenbelts and public spaces in order to improve the space environment of the historic sites and all of the block-, combined with the protection of the cultural relics and the historic sites. According to the grade classification of preservative regions. there are 0.25ha of the first grade, 7.78ha area of the second and 11.63ha of the third. (3) Adjustment of the Population Plan To improve the present situation of high density population. it is planned that 4200 persons will be kept down and 400 persons will be emigrated. a Engineering Quantities

1. Cultural Relics' Protection and Remedies The quantities to protect and repair the cultural units and points in five historical blocks are listed in Table 2.2-13

Table 2.2 -13 Schedule of Quantities of Cultural Relics and Historic Sites' Remedies in the Five Historical Blocks Gri tlis ol

\iinies iof proteete eCU Itilit . SiLruHtLiol ol QuJintiLles of hIo kS 1 I Iames o,f prOJeCtS rcmedies remediics(m ) istoric Siites Ilistlr ic kl Ci iv -l Yuewangtai Group F inished Ilock ol City L MM-rLyl-' s Grave Finisshed S'ueziCite ______Cit! l IFIving Wing P'avilion l i Iishud Ci t L Wenzhong Grave F i i I she(d CiLv lI Stone-scuIpuLre Uf F:rictionaI ClIfl irn I i shed Cit. the Twitg n(d Song tIvn.tstiFs

C*ty . U, min(ItIaiii Booth Firi shed

Ci Ly .L Sp- i ng 11i I I Res i de(I:i n i shed Cit UC e;arl liridge Finished( City FanwernF. I ain s Former lies i tielce Unfi nished 231) City l; Suinriirig' s Simple Ancestral Temple Unfinished 1IL() Citv p FIre Spi,rit TempIc Finishled CiLy . .lingXiu hluL F inished

24 City P Jingliin Bridge Finrished City 1' Damu Br-idge Fi ni shed Tlyp)ical f olk hypisas Lingxiao llouse Unf'in ishe(l 42 ho)uses 'I'ypicai folk Yaos' Stand-doo Urif i ni shed '156 house s 'Iypical l'olk 1)1)ious lus1kAMosx Stand-dool- Unf inished 220) hlousesS National Liuxun' s Former Residence F inished Nat i ona I Salnwe i Study Fin i shed City F Zhous' (Old Stand-door Unl inisic(lsj1495 City I' Xianhuani Dirinkery Finished

City I' Changqing 'I'emple Unf'inishe(d 55X

Ci L PII iZi 131-Bidge ULcfriiislied 2' iiistLriricl City 1' TugaLAncestial Tcmnplc UnItn Li shi d 2el1i5 flock of Cit 1' llengj I Ilockshop Untinished IS( luxun Roaid Typicl Il k houses ZhLIS tlnd dool UntIinished 4(

Typicalf'olk Shoes' SLaInld-door Ull i II i shed 1138 houses Typicil t'olk Yus Staiid-door Un fiI i sheid IN)'(l houses 'Ivpicalf l'olk hpuse1 Chens'Stand-idour Unf inished 1()11 houscs

Nat ional Ivs' Mansion frif nI I slic(l 14721

I'ov i lIC I a I Driltaing Scilol -fir lii i shedl 29'10 Prov i nc i il I Guyue Lifhieary IFinished 751)

CI t y P WFLrigvacygm i rig' s 'hernomeni-ohset-va L i'o01 Ul) fi n i shed 1)IatL form Lm se

Ci ly 1' Si ti olf W.angy lrigmi gigs For-ml- Unr l'ished 31r Res idcence

C i ty ' Xi egong 1i3i dgc UnfLi n i slesd 2()(1 llistori-cl 'I'ypieal folk I. i uzigzhoiL' s Forier RLesidence DUlifirLiishie(i 431 fl3ock oft houses Xixi)( Iypuical folk llus' Starnd-dool- Unfrinished I()3( livc r houses Typica+l folk ItioLises ~YingS' Sl-and-dooi- Uti , ri i she( .562-

[louses

TI'ypicail f'olk M;Ms' Stantid-door Sonigs' Stand-door- housrs Qiac' s Stand-door- Chens' Stand-iloor Unfic ishe(l 7011()t sandShenyonghe' s SLanud-dfori-

Nat i ornsI Caii yuacripe i ' s Formc- Res i dencc 1 ci shal

25 Table 2.2-13 Continued

City U Wangxizht Former Residence itl she(d

Citv U Dongchatngshen' s Ancestral Temple' s inished not i on Citv U 'TIanhuai St-ndl-(door0 Unl' ni shied 376

City U Tishan 13ridge Unfinisihed 167 City 1P Mochli 'ool l f'in isil(h 683 C vtuinnningI' Bridge ULnfinished 12 llistoricul CitB' P lluiihuul liIt Unfinished 1119 1lock of jisuh.ti llill Cityt 1' Qilnye Assemhli Ihill Unfinished 13,11 Cit,( P1 TanhuBii I-idge Unfitiished 5(1 Typicail f'olk jiovuan Stand-door UnfIinished 2BI8 houses Typiciiil lolk Shiis' Scanid-door Unl'inishedi 898 hotise s t Iypical folk Typical Sutind-door(2 plaices) Lnf'itishe3 1X5(1 [louuses

Nat i oftil '131I 13r ily tin fi i-ini snli f 548

Prov inc i al Ceitigit i ng ft i dgr tnr i n i sfied 63S

City L' l'ilpiSLic ci iit-ch Unf'inisisehd IS8(1

City I' Ionghfta 'I'empnl Unfinished 34.5 Ci tv I' XuaiitanI Temple Un l'in i shuld 271 Ci cu ' liotighuia Bricige Untinishe(f 91

CiLV I' Dongshuang lridge Uni f'in i shedf 4l4l Ci t I' Chiunwaing Brtidge Lnf'iiiishedl 85

I ist oki1 Cite P'ingzhi1' liridgc Liifinishe(l 'I Bilzi lh idg,1w i l (Usligs' Stiand-door ln I i rl i shcId 77) houseso

'lYpicali'sk Iles Scatnd-door ' Uiifinished 530 hous es 'T'yp ical f olk Z;lfngs' Sctiid-ilcF , tLni n i shed 1()51

'Iypical folk Tlypicil Folk llouses (2 plaices) Unfinisfiecl 1185 houses

Gridus of sites Ancient SLructUresS and hr-idges Reme (Iies i6(l

(t c . CI

(Note: City.P= City grade point of cultural preservation Citv.U= City grade unit of cultural preservation National=National grade unit of cultural preservation Provincial=Provincial grade unit of cultural preservation)

2. Renovation and Reconstruction of Structures According to the renovation patterns of the structures, some corresponding measures will be taken. The quantities of remaining work are not counted in, since they will be very small. And the

26 engineering quantities for the cultural relics and historic sites, which has been counted in before, are also not included here. The rest quantities of the project are listed in Table 2.2-14.

Table 2. 2-14 Schedule of Renovation and Reconstruction works of Structures in the Historical Blocks in Gucheng

Names of(~ Quantities of construictioni by every meains (m') blocks Ir-otcCtion Improvement Reconstruct iorn Repail- Kitcheln and W C icugmilevite Yuzicheng 1. l6 19. '13 16. 31 8. 61 1. 21

Luxuni Road 2.09 1. 13 1. .5 'I. 1 O. (9

Rl x Io42.47c 11. 52 3. 3. 61 . 92 Ri ye r Jishin H111 (.995 18.If 41. 22 3. Of 3.0)

13azi Bridge O.(19 7.65 1. 98 i. lb 1. 28

Iot;al 6. 8 .58. 22 26. 99 24. 82 9. 71

3. Reconstruction of Roads, Squares and Environmental Vi-escence. Among five historical blocks in Gucheng. the primary flag stone roads of some streets and lanes are remained at present, while some others are built with asphaltum and concrete. Therefore. in order to resume the historical style and features of the blocks, it is necessary to rebuild the old derapidated roads with ancient-like materials. It is also necessary to improve the ubiquitous situation that in the blocks or on the edge of them, there are not enough parking lots. open spaces. street greenbelts, road virescence etc. At the same time, some mini architectures will be built at the entrance of the blocks and at the nodes of roads to improve the environment and cultural figure of Shaoxing as a tour city, such as decorated archways, guiding boards and so on. The reconstruction quantities of roads, squares and environmental virescence in the historical blocks can be seen in Table 2.2-15.

Taible 2.2-15 Schedule of Reconstruction Works of Roads Squares and Utilities of environmental Virescence in the Historical Blocks wln.s , historical 'rojects of Names oi Utilitics Mcasures of reconstruction Quantitics Uti l ities and the content hloccks Laying stone-material 6,2 1Om' Roads Rloads& Squaires Rcppair of old roads 2, 58()m' ('ari-king lots, scenic (ri-icks foi- emhedded griss or squares filaIgstone

Hlistorical iri D)ecorated archways in the Constl-uction of gardens 6 stands entrance imitating thc iiancient ((lock of environmentail Yuezi City productLion Guiding IBoards Mini products imitating the 23 piuce antciart Ikushan l'ark Increase area of par-k 16,6-1(m

nGreenhel s (ILt thle end ofi I'uhl ic renhels StlCS9, #4()m'

Vi resceince of Roads 13,881mn

27 klYing stonle-materalli 3, 7'10riU Ilistorical Roads Block of Roa(is & Squares Repair ol old roads 1 2.i()m' Luxun Road Parking lots, scenic Bricks for embedded grass or ., 3Iom. squlsi rcs flags tone

28 Table 2.2-15 Continued

MinTii Decoraited( ;rchwiiys in the ConstruIction of gardens Istands

entrance imttaLting the ancient environmental Historical Mini produiCts imitaititig thC lilock ot products Guiding t3oards 12p icces 13lock of ancicent Luxun Road Decorated archw.ays in the 6 790m' l'uh I i c (;reenhe I ts crar-a,ic7 e

Vi rescencc of lRoads 2, 150m'

ili storiCal Laiing stone-mtitcritll I, IleOn Roads 131ock of d RepiK r dtiroalds rf 7, 3f3thl Xix ino 'Parking lots, scenlic Bricks lor eihculdledlglass or-

liVer Sqstalarus tflagSLtOie

.Mini Decoraltae archways il the Cotnsttric tlon of gardens 'lands en trattce imitating thcsasuiciet liattIc iral Cll\ i roneCntl I . Mini prtolucts imit,at.irig the Block of prioducts Guiding Boards I pieces artitletit xiXito I)ecorated irchwalys in tfte River 2 160i)n' 'uhI ic Greenhel ts entrLancu

Vi rescence ol Roads 336()111 laying stone-in1l1eriiil 127())rn loaids loads Squitres IRepair ol ol(d roads 553()()m I'arking lots, scetic lic-ickse 'Ol ellThCeddedgrss or01 SUaql-Cs flagstone Decorataled archwaYs in the Constructition ol gardens llistoticill Minti .stands entranice imiLtcling the aincient 131c oRtif cu i ronmenta I Vini prod(ucts imuttti ng the J i shailIli II prolUc tS fuiding BrOttldS ini d S L n 12pieces

FUshin Pliark Increase aireai of park 199500mi, (;rectihel ts ilt [ftc end olf Ii'L) Ie C (treetth I ts 802()m streets

Vi rescence of' Rlita(s 581 Ont' Laying stont-mtnt eritil 8H500t)n' Roitds Riotadsa & Squtires Rupuir oi old rotds 'I B0ltS(1 farking lots, scenic Bricks for emhedded grass or- squares fIlagstone

llistoriCill Decoratedtatrchlways in the Construction of gardens Mi ni Os tart ifs filock orf entrance imitating the alicicnt cniv ironmcntii1 Bazul B1ridge Mini products imittiting the products Guiding Boards 12pieces ine i cunt Decoratted archways ilithe 6710m I'uhl ic (;rcenhclts entrance

Virescence of fHIS 328()m'

4. Emigration and Settlement In this project, there will be 301,100m 2 land of removed units, factories, schools, warehouses and

29 63,000m2 construction land of removed residents.(See Table 2.2-16). Table 2.2-16 Schedule of Emigration and Settlement

Area, ter planning Number of AreFl of 1LICt Planning Names oI Na'mes tfUn to rts famr I ,ies rl u.tse chalrav 1- r< ics famlie CiuLstrac t on < churn tar I S Fr Ijects or M-ed (i) if area LIm-) m SeCt iCs cf I"an eQual dine

I,e,aI i gnie I h, nt ,I' e-Lt 1 t ri er / / River greanhelt 1119IY,i7h north grerrhbl I Courses in 01, the

G( cheng c I CV

Shinoxing Spinning Vi resICenca FIac ir y Squuires, P' rk

(r,mup(origin il Tour iri, comm rce tonglt i f ,tory)

%MLniPij.ll Works cs l tare compoerv

Mutneicpp.l ltffiC,e nil Irrigatti,r an.i t Ut litLis1 Electricity

ilutlticiea Inst i tu. (It i I Enginigivar IItog lzginetring *f~~tnr at t i lt inS C ur1rs"

R, --n.tIj Light MtFittriTll o I "n t,8Ur ULlSiLiCis Tim tiniro r uppyN tee-io ilrinpres , nnUI in I 131ltii2 ' O( `1 (Gr,eno Its, hliIst or i Ii IIrtIl Touri-so I h-Ck II tiecheng Avglong Ii the Ltilities fuesiches tLaih:cr Parts ind ter lit iI ties CitS Cl,thing F-ivtwr,

Muni,ipal Sta;t ii

UPid,mic

PrI,l-C.enn i . t i t

Sni mmiing tio"ll tear Lit ii Itics

li( tCross li(nspitil rovrut I1 i t i es

P'rinting or Wrapping Fattoirv

Muits]cip;vl Oil Montth ttind l(I' up r ibenSeI t IFctory

FtitreltituCSCr ~~~~re,niteI t (tItern iil :IC Lttry

30 Rrn-aO1 io n:

Rcon Lru parking lots,

ctionfr l uf TheoIg- atur Xi I infIraSLtra ho~tels, teeI cturos i a Warchouses of pae iLl I n , hist,rica Metal company 700( ()) Nel I Ing llotiSe 187 9, 3i() not-Li i I iLs, I block of o' jhIxhihi tionlol liitz * Ity Cel toreeabut (iridge hridjge,, 10 ngfitii lempaIc

31 Table 2.2-16 Continued

Municipal Cold foods' Making Fo,hrkinglots Fac tory

Mini cyr'.e ofI ction of Ihe ofn'ra, trr Bores Miehinro (;eenbheI LI west or Squares ins. i Ltr,sc i Feti r.o-Y 670 000 70 3, 1i50 norLh grnfi Itis irt Slie end historica ot the I hlock f,F Educationail Comm.rc cit' stl-rts end Luxounfoad I'rinting Fc o,ry o ads

Peoplee s Arms Pepilr-Mrntio' P',Frkinig lse Sh,oexing

Fa t and Spices D-,ss fing l oouses inc tor y

Li.ght Industr ial I) I1 il uses Mrchinuo Fe Sitorle I it I s R,co n, t ru Th e H lfei i s t,t l I s ' c t i o rfr ' f L f s. Mansio n, in f r ostrU M e ili oint F act r , Owl I i ttsgf iois os w est or ctLiros in f north. rnes

IhieeCk of Parent Compoony'sri Is.Iiing 0o Lthe the end of Xixii- Ehoxroil [radfi hroses, forking to 0otO

Utlllivip:lI (M-eellhwl~~ s,L Mimi ci poi]C reenhtIf I,, 5 Prrnting fo tory f)weling hsruise

heh vihf Aut omsobi1. I l-1f irisg H"ri,ot lortis fl"tsr-y

ohsouins(r fr-onhellsXCfiiii, I'o tssrs r fs, school

Maunicipol Shise Del llistg 11fus I.eLthet FI-tso15

liu;sfveng ii tLinisg (;reerdi l ts, 1: c tsry doe I I ng hssUoeo

ce ros of' rims sittery iHm Rl,ids, pa,rking inirrslrlSt I' tinicipl feaud lssts. dwelling lb0 h Ll-S iir ()f't'ice of I ds 12,290(1()(I h'Lsoes -4rt tr DoeIlp end hkstristis; o() 30 rth spun Ip roofds I hflsck Wafisirehous, of' city slsh,,n Ylsnicip,il Parrnt lin1 fIlf Ii Rcr compnyIe lss ouses

Inclusti-y utsh.(et r.s tne CenLr.sl finimary School f Ireonhe tLs .1i shin

'lho Sixth sshfioe I rits ll,sos sf the city

T f,l 1(1)f 0( 11,127 R:l, (ff00

32 2.3 Main Econo-technical Indicators Table 2.3-1 lists the main econo-technical indicators of engineering.

TahIe 2. 3- Main lcono-Lechnical Indicators

No. Ninmes of Indicators Units there is 283201) ml Cs

therle is all atre;l oi' T ime finI t fo r project ol cons LrU Li ron Year 3 28:1,211)' f'oi piuhl ic folk houses

if Main quanti Lies

I Reconstriuc Lion and renoivtl on of f'olk houscs in 1, 15-7,5(

2 I-epair-s of cul tural relics and hisL-oriC Sites in' .sf6,f36

3 Construct i Otn of' pump ifig sLaLions Stnand

,I rCCIoSLtuLC-ion of punping SL.tion.S Stand 3

5 ConstLi cLiorl of siUices in river courses Standf

6 Re?construction of sluices in rive5r courses Stand I

7 Drefdge of river courses M 21, 20()

8 D)retfge ol rivel- si I ts mi I()l0011' Anor-hel 1() has hsvXll I i nli slhcd

9 IEXCairtL io0 of Soil n 3. 2

I() WLater supp Iv puipes M i (261)

I I'ipes of' dischnirgc M 1i7,7801

12 Pippes Ior- r) Lturtii guas. N ', 31611

13 ConStilietOin Of' grer)beCILs 98, 110)

tConstrucLti un of roads 12, 651)

i fRepa ir of' of t( roadis 24, 110

17 Construction of' stLone hridges Staind 4

18 Re in forc i ng s toner fi i dges St an(i 22

19 Construct i on or l'or ts Fntriies

20 Fami I ies Lo he emigrated I)oor 1,27

21 flu if d ings tii he tlemoli i sheif o r moved 631,11111

1ff Fund ol project

I TotI fund Il(,10()()Yuan 1(l5, i :i5

iV Indicator-s of national economicaf evaiuLtion

Emergilng vaufe of the whole InvestmeitL(1=12%) IC,(lOYtiarn 54, 805)

33

3 Present Situation of the Environment

3.1 Present Situation of the Natural Environment

3.1.1 Geographical Location Shaoxing City is located in the south area of the Yangtze River Delta and in the west area of the Ningbo-Shaoxing Plain. The city connects Ningbo in the east, closed to Jinhua in the south, bordered with Hangzhou in the west and faced Shanghai across the Hangzhou Bay in the north. The geological region of Shaoxing is 119° 53' 02" - 1210 13 '38 E and 290 13 '36 - 30 16' 17N, with a total area of 7901 km2. The total population of Shaoxing is about 4.327 millions by 2000. Yuecheng district of Shaoxing City. which the project is located in, is in the central area of the Xiaoshan-Shaoxing Plain. The municipality of Shaoxiny City is laid in Yuecheng. The total population of Yuecheng is about 413 thousands. The land in Yuecheng flat with a low elevation, with various rivers and lakes inter-crossed. The Hangzhou-Ningbo Canal and Xiaoshan-Ningbo Railway pass through the district, so the communication of Yuecheng is very well, as shown in figure S.

3.1.2 Brief Introduction on the Local Climate and Weather Shaoxing City, near to the Sea. belongs to the subtropical monsoon climate district. with remarkable monsoon and warm-humid climate. Bai-u rainy period is started from 16"' Apr. to

15'th Jul. During this period, the warm wind stream, caused by the monsoon, meet the southward cooler air mass here, with a front formed. It often leads to a long period frontal precipitation. which is even in general and with long time. During that time, a waterlog in some degree is occurred. The typhoon period is started from 16 "' July to 125'1' October. The typhoon rain is heavy and centralized, which easily results in flood disasters. From the December to the next February. the cold air mass controls the area of Shaoxing with a fine but cold weather and less precipitation rain ftall. The annual dominant direction of wind is NE-E. In summer the dominant direction is SW. The average speed of wind per year is 1.65m/s and the maximum is 9.9m/s. Basic weather factors (1961 - 1990) from Shaoxing Weather Station are listed in Table 3.1 -1.

Table 3.1-1 Basic Weather Factors in Shaoxing Factors January April July October All-year Air Pressure (hpa) 1026.0 1015.0 1003.9 1019.0 1016.0 Uttermost Maximal Air Temperature ('C) 26.7 34.4 39.5 34.9 39.5 Uttermost Minimum Air Temperature (C) -9.6 0.2 17.4 2.8 -10.1 Mean Air Temperature (C) 4.1 15.7 28.8 18.3 16.5 Relative Humidity ('C) 79 81 79 83 81 Precipitation (mm) 61.7 132.9 136.1 97.6 1460.9 Evaporation (mm) 38.2 94.5 190.0 78.7 1143.0 Sunlight Hours (hour) 119.5 142.8 246.6 157.1 1996.4 Sunlight Rate (%) 37 37 58 44 43 Raining Days (day) 11.2 16.2 12.0 11.3 157.2 Thunderstorm Days (day) 0.0 3.5 9.8 0.5 36.6 Gale Days (day) 0.2 0.3 0.4 -0.1 3.1

31 3.1.3 Brief Introduction on the Hydrological Situation 3.1.3.1 Features of the River System (I)Rivers in the Urban Area The characteristics of the present existing rivers in the urban are shown in Table 2. 1-1. Tens of years ago, the rivers in the old urban area were interpenetrated, formed a full river-system. with a total length of 37 km. In the last several decades, a great deal of river reaches were impoldered for road-building because of the poor management of the urban plan. For instances, the north segment of the Jiefanglu River and the Shizijie River, etc. were impoldered. As a result, the river system was split into two ring-shape rivers. One lays in the east of the city and the other lays in the west. The water circulation and renewal were weakened greatly. The sewage, waste residue and garbage were dumped into the rivers unlimitedly, resulted in the poor water quality with emergence of black color and offensive odor and the raising of the riverbed. Therefore, the ecosystem in the rivers was destroyed seriously. At present, the length of the remained rivers is 17.5 kIm, only 47% of the original one. The density of the river net is 2.10 km/km2 . And the total water surface covered an area of 0.256 km 2. only 3.08% of the urban area. The existing rivers in the urban area can be divided into three subsystems (See Figure 2): * Subsystem of Shuipianmen: it is started from Shuipianmen Bridye in the south to Beihai Bridge in the north. including Huanshan River. Fushan River and Xixiao River: * Subsystem ot' Nanmen: it is started from Nanmen Gate in the south to Dongguomen Gate in the east, including the south segment of Jiefanglu River. Luxunlu River and Xianhuan River; * Subsystem of Dongguomen: it is started from Dongguomen, passing through Bazi Bridge River. It bifurcates at Xiang Bridge, with one branch northward, passing through Changan Bridye to Chengbei River; and the other branch westward, passing through Shangdalu River to Xiguomen Bridge.

The configuration characters of the river system are listed in Table 2.1-1. From the table, the mean width of the rivers in the urban area is 14.66 meters. with a maximum width of 95 meters and a minimum width of 3.0 meters; The mean depth is 1.21 meters; And the total water-storage is 311 thousand mi'. The water-storage of the rivers (except of Luomengang River) is about 70 thousand m3 (When the mean water level is 3.81m). The bottom elevation of the rivers is in difference and their mean value is about 1.45m higher than that of the ones out the urban area. Besides, the current velocity and direction are not easy to be confirmed, because the difference of the water elevation from the south to the north is only 1-2 cm. In general, the water is stagnant. Only when the pump station runs or the volume of the sewage is pumped into the river or the water is pumped out, there will be a little velocity in the rivers. Then the renewal and circulation of the river water are influenced. And the water flows. At that time, the current direction is from south to north, accordant with urban topography basically. The banks of the rivers in the urban area are paved with stones, so soil erosion and bank dilapidation is very trivial there. The ancient style houses are crowded along the Rivers, with few trees and greenery. Most of this region is some living districts for the residents.

32 (2) Rivers in the Suburb Area ( i ) Huanchengwai River, the moat, is out the round-city roads, surrounding the urban area. Bv the data gained in 1984, it is 12.2 km long. And its mean width is 43.4 m, with a maximal width of 76.5m and a minimum width of 17.32m. This river links the inner rivers and also connects the outer rivers. Its configuration and water-storage are listed in the Table 3.1-2. From the table, Huanchengwai River is wider and deeper than the inner rivers, and its water-storage is 3 times larger than the total one of the inner rivers. (ii) In the south of the suburb area, there are Pingshui River, Nanchi River. Potang River and Lougong River, derived from the Kuaiji Cordillera, with a short distance to flow. They connect with the Huanchengwei River and inner rivers in the plain area. So they are the water sources of the rivers in the urban area (As shown in Table 3.1-3). The water in Pingshui River flows into Huanchengwai River near Dongguomen Gate. And the water in the Nanchi River flows into Dangang River near Nanmen Gate. Those in Potang River, Lougong River, Lizhu River flow into the Mirror Lak-e in exurb, then flow into Huanchengwai River in the southwest of the urban area.

Table 3.1-2 Configuration Characters of the Moat Mean Serial R L Mean Width Elevation of Water-stora No. (m) the river-bed ge (m3) (in) I Chengdong R. 2675 35.6 1.55 215,000 2 Chengnan R. 1815 61.1 1.53 253,000 3 Chengxinan R. 1810 71.1 1.38 313.000 4 Chengxi R. 2465 32.0 1.72 165.000 5 Chengbei R. 3435 33.65 1.87 225,000 Total 12200 43.4 1.65 1,171,000

The rivers in the south of the suburb area are the upstream reaches, passing through the plantation and planting field. Their water quality is better than that of Huanchengwai River and rivers in the north suburb.

Table 3.1-3 Rivers in the South Area Name of Catchment Basin Water-storage (segment in Rivers (kM2 ) Length (kim) plain) (m )

Pingshui 137.0 24.8 991,000 River

Nanchi River . 21.4 5.9 512,000 Potang River 14.3 5.0 553,000

Lougong 62.3 14.0 977,000 River Lizhu River 33.8 8.8 /

33 (iii) The rivers in the north suburb including the Yidatan R., Shangshapendi R.. Zhangtang R. Chaxiatang R, etc. Composing a wide water area in the north side of the Xiaoshan-Ningbo Railway. This area is a typical countryside with rivers and lakes in the south of Yangtze River, distributed with rivers and lakes. Most of their water-storage is from the streams in the south hills or precipitation. And their depth is 1.5 - 3 meters. These rivers connect the urban rivers through Xikuo Railway Bridge. Qingshan Bridge and Nianzhu Bridge. They are the main water bodies to accept the sewage from the urban rivers. There is a large storage of water flowing into Hangzhou Bay during the high-water period. A complicated river system is composed of the urban rivers, the south suburb rivers and the north suburb rivers, which connects and influences each other. The urban rivers are the center of the river system. Since the water quality and water-storage there are influenced by those in the south suburb rivers. the water environmental quality of the north suburb rivers will also be influenced.

3.1.3.2 General Hydrological Situation (1) Water Level The rivers in the urban area and in the suburb area are in plain and connect each other, so the water level of the rivers in the urban area is almost the same as that of the rivers in the suburb area. The water level of the urban rivers is mainly influenced by precipitation. Annually mean water level in the area is 3.81 meters (Yellow Sea Base. the same as below), and the monthly changes of water level are listed in the Table 3.1-4.

Table 3.1-4 Water-level Changes of the Rivers in the Urban Area

Month I 2 3 4 5 6 7 S 9 10 I 12

| Water |3.81 3.86 3.88 3 3.85 3.54 3.54 3.76 3.81 380 Level (in)

It can be divided into three periods: * The high-water period (February - July) The monthly mean water level is higher than 3.85 m. * The low-water period (August) The monthly mean water level is 3.54 - 3.76 m. * The average-water period (September - next January) The monthly mean water level is 3.76 - 3.85 m. On the analysis on the relevant data. the maximal monthly water level in the urban area is 5.30 m. daily minimum water level is 1.71 m.

(1) Water-storage On the normal water level (3.81 m). the total water storage of the rivers in the urban area is 31.000 m', in which that of Luomengang River is the largest. about 77%. The water storage has a well relation with the water level in the rivers. The monthly water-storage in the rivers is listed in table 3.1-5.

34 Table 3.1-5 Monthly Changes of Water-storage in the Urban Area

Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 3 Water-storage (m ) 31.02 32.28 32.79 32.79 33.55 33.29 Month 7 8 9 10 11 12 Water-storage (i 3) 32.03 24.24 29.25 31.02 31.02 30.76

(2) Velocity Without water intake, the rivers are stagnant in the lo\Aw water period and the average period. And generally the velocity is lower than 0.02 m/s. with the direction from the south to north.

3.1.4 The General Situation of Topography, Geology and Physiognomy Shaoxing lies in the belt that connects the foothill belt in the west of Zhejiang, the highland in the east of Zhejiang and the plain in the north of zhejiang. These are the main three physiognomies in the province of Zhejiang. The region of the project is a typical river-net plain, which is an alluvial one formed by the co-effect of rivers, lakes and the sea. This area is flat, with a mean altitude of 4 - 6m. The altitude of the Kuaiji Hills in the south of the plain is about 500 - lOOOm. The rumps of the Hills near the the urban area form a lot of low hills on the plain, which are lower than 300 m, such as Fushan, Jishan, and Tashan, etc. The seawalls and riverbanks protect the low-flat river-net plain to avoid thc menace of flood and tide. Here, most of the bare stratum is alluvial deposit of the Quaternary with the coastal, river and lake sedimentary facies. The substrate is a silt & clay layer with a great thickness, with peat inclusions inside. The upper part is covered with rice clay and artificial soil. In addition, there are some small areas of igeous rocks of the Mesozoic. The natural vegetation of the area is mainly evergreen broad-leaved forest, with deep factitious influence. Artificial forest, bamboo or sub-shrub wood is dominated in the hill area. The plain is chiefly an agricultural area and lack of well preserved forest vegetation.

3.1.5 The General Situation of Soil and Vegetation As a whole, the region inclines from southwest to northeast. The physiognomy is changed from low-hills to piedmont alluvial fan, then to coastal plain. So, the sources of soil-forming materials are very complicated. In the south of Kuaiji Hills, most of the soil is the autochthony (efflorescence), clinosol and diluvial deposits. In the south to the Xiaoshan-Shaoxing Railway, mostof the soil is lacustrine materials. The river-net plain in the north to the railway is the shallow sea and lacustrine material. And that in the coast is newly oceanic deposit. There are two types of soil in Shaoxing: laterite and rice clay. The laterite is broadly distributed in the south hills and in the north hills. It can be divided into several subtypes and generas: There are many natural vegetation on the laterite regions, such as evergreen conifer (pine tree, China fir), hardwood broad-leaved forest (common sassafras, Chinese sweet gum, paulownia), evergreen broad-leaved forest (camphor tree, wood-lotus), and shrubbery (rhododendron, sawtooth oak). The China fir, pine tree, bamboo, tea and fruit trees are common in the artificial forest. The rice clay, is a special soil type, derived from natural soils and

35 developed by the rice-planting during a long period (aqueous soil). It also can be divided into several subtypes and generas. The primary planting in the river-net plain is rice-crop. The cultivation system is cole --- rice --- rice or green manure --- rice --- rice.

3.1.6 Natural Calamities Shaoxing is located in the coastal plain with lowA' altitude. It is easy to suffer typhoon. flood and waterlog disasters. There are many historical records of flood and waterlog disasters in the local chronicles of Shaoxing. The flood disasters happened before 1949 are: * In August 1850 (Qing Dynasty), there was a heavy rain with strong wind in Shanyin, Kuaiji, Shangyu, Shengxian, Xinchang and Zhuji, the flash flood happened. And the urban area was submerged. The boats could be even sailed in the streets. * In June 1899 (Qing Dynasty), there was a flash flood in Shanyin, Kuaiji, Xinchang and Zhuji. * In October 1940 (29 the Republic Year), Cao-e River was overrun. And the riverside areas, such as Shaoxing. Shangyu. Shengxian and Xinchang, etc. were all submerged.

From 1949. there were some typhoon disasters happened in this area, such as, typhoon #12 in 1956. #14 in 1962, #13 in 1974 etc. The flood disaster, caused by typhoon #14 in 1962, was very serious. It is the most serious flood disaster from 1949. The maximal water level of East Lake was 5.3m. It lasted a much long time, 5 days the water level maintained higher than 5.0m.

3.1.7 NlMineral Resources There are no mineral resources with exploitation value in this area.

3.2 Present Situation of the Social Environment

3.2.1 Classification of the Administrative Regions There are one district, two counties, and three cities in Shaoxing: Yuecheng District, Shaoxing Countv. ZhLiji City. Shangyu City. City. and . The assessment area inludes the ancient urban area and Yuecheng. In addition. Fushan, Tashan, Jishan and Beihai Streets are involved in the street reconstruction project.

3.2.2 Present Situation of Population The current number of the residents in the ancient urban area in the EIA extent is about 150 thousands and the planning population is 100,000.

3.2.3 Social Economy Shaoxing is located on the coastal plain, with flourish economy and abundant products. The industry framework of Shaoxing is mainly composed of the trades of weave, print & dye, tannery, foodstuff, brewery, mechanism, metallurgy, pharmacy and electron industries, etc. Recently, the Economic Development Zone of Shaoxing, the Chinese Textiles City and the Development Zone of the South Urban Area were established and developed. The urban scale of the Shaoxing City is being

36 expanded. And the infrastructures of communication, post, finance and tourism, etc. are perfected. Hence, a huge advancement of the economy was achieved in Shaoxing. Shaoxing City is one of the first top 40 cities in 1992 for its good investment environment. And the city was selected as one of the finest cities in China for its well comprehensive environmental treatment in the urban area. In 2000. the municipal GDP is 77.976 billion Yuan (according to the price of that year), of which the part of primary sector is 7.803 billion Yuan , accounting for 10 percent of the total; The second sector's is 47.271 billion Yuan, accounting for 60.6% and the third sector's is 22.903 billion Yuan accounting 29.4%. In 2000, the comprehensive economic strength is in the third place of the whole province. Income per person of residence is respectively 9422Yuan and 4982 Yuan in town and in country. The corresponding incremental rates of them are respectively 9.8% and 0.4% Yuecheng of Shaoxing, the area where the project is located, is a tourism city with the characters of its scene of rivers and lakes. It holds the good name, the East Venice. It is one of the first 24 historical and cultural cities entitled by the State Council for its galaxy of talents and beautiful scene. It is the opening city of the first grade in China. Yuecheng is the center of politics, economy and culture of the administrative region and is the hinge of communication. It is also the center of politics and economy in the East Zhejiang Province. It is a light-industry city characterized with brewery and textile industries. Mechanism and electron industries are also important.

3.2.4 The Communication The EIA area is the communication hinge of Shaoxing. The main roads, waterways and railways are listed below: (1) Roads * National Highway No. 104: This highway is started at Beijing, and ended at . Its total length is 2334km, with 154km long in Shaoxing. * National Highway No. 329 (Hangzhou-Ningbo Highway): From Hangzhou to Shengjiamen, its total length is 298km. It superposes the National Highway No. 104 from Qianqing to Sanjiaozhan of Shangyu. * Shaogan Highway (Provincial Highway No.32): It is started at Wuyun of Shaoxing, and ended at Ganlin of Shengzhou, with a total length of 80km. * Shaoda Highway (Provincial Highway No.31): It is started at Yuanmen Bridge of Shaoxing, and ended at Datangan of Zhuji, connecting Hangjin Highway. Its total length is 61 km.

(2) Waterways

* Xiaoshan-Shaoxing Canal: It belongs to Sanjiang River System. During 1165 - 1173 (South Song Dynasty). this canal was formed by the connection of the Xixing Canal and the ancient waterway in Shanyin. The local chronicles of Shaoxing in Ming Dynasty recorded that: The Canal wass started at Xixing and ended at Cao-e River, passing through three counties. Its total length was more than 200 miles, with the length of 50 miles from Xiaoshan River to Qianqing. Then it went eastward to Shanyin, through Fucheng, and arrived at Xiaojiang Bridge at last, with a length of 55 miles. Then it went eastward to Kuaiji, with a length of 100 miles.

37 The most rivers and lakes in the EIA area can be utilized for communication, where motor boats can be sailed.

(3) Railways Shaoxing is the transition region of railways. Xiaoshan-Ningbo Railway (147km long) connects the Zhegan Railway at Xiaoshan. The Xiaoyong Railway passing through Shaoxing County. Yuecheng and Shangyu, with a length of 62.6km in Shaoxing City.

3.2.5 Land Utilization On the basis of investigation, the greatest function of the land utilization in the EIA area is for resident, reached 43.6% of the total land, with 18.3% for the public facilities, 10.7% for industry and 10.2% for the roads and squares. The other 6.5% is for rivers and other water bodies. The present situation of land utilization in the old urban area is listed as in Table 3.2-1. Table 3.2-I The Present Situation of Land Utilization in the Old Urban Area

Serial No. Functions of Land-use Area (ha) Proportion (%) I Residence 362.61 43.6 2 Public Facilities 152.17 18.3 , IIndustry 88.77 10.7 4 Storaye 20.94 2.5 S Extcrnal traff ic 5.26 0.6 6 Roads & Squarcs S5.22 10.2 7 Municipal Facilities 16.06 1.9 S Greenbelt 42.46 5.1 9 Special Aims 4.80 0.6 10 Rivers & lakes 53.71 6.5 Total 832.00 100

3.2.6 WNater Supply and WVastewater Discharge The sources of water supply in Shaoxing are Yangpu Reservior and the west water plant is for preparation (unused in general). The Yangpu Reservoir has a designed capacity of water supply of I million ton/day, with 0.4 million ton/d at the first period. The pipe net of water supply in Shaoxing was built and checked and accept in November 2000. And it began supply water for the urban area in January 2001. In 2001. the capacity of the Songliuling Water Plant is 400,000 ton/d. which is in the south east of Shaoxing. The total water supply in 2001 was 48.05 million tons, in which the living water supply was 21.73 million tons. In the Ancient Urban Area. the water supply in 2001 is the same as above. It was 41.0S million tons in Yuecheng, in which the living water supply was 8.5319 million tons, with averaged 82.9 tons for one person. According the Economical Development Plan of Shaoxing, the living water supply should/will be 199 I/d.person in 2000 and 250 I/d.person in 2015 3 in the urban area. And the averaged water resources should/will be 1470 m 1y.person in 2000 and 1430 m'/y.person in 2015. Since the Yuecheng Waste Water Treatment Plant Project began to ben constructed in 1985, 10 pump stations have been constructed in the ancient urban area by the end of 1998, for detatils to see the Table 16-1. By the end of 1998, about 17.4Km pipes have been laid. and in which the steel &

38 concrete pipes have been used as the gravity pipes. In the ancient urban area, one central pipeline has been finished, i.e. Zhongxing Road Central Pipeline. And three branch pipelines area East Branch, Middle Branch and West Branch, for details to see the following: Zhongxing Road Central Pipeline: Huanchengnan Road - pump station 9# - Dongxianhuan River's side - pump station 10# on Zhongxing Road - pump station 6#- pump station 7#- Urban Waste Water Treatment Plant East Branch: Zhejiang Terylene & Lace Firm - Huanchengdong Road - Baiguo shuxia (taken waste water from new region in the east of the city in the primary period) - pump station 4#- Chanan Crossroad - Zhongxingbei Road - pump station 7# - Urban Waste Water Treatment Plant West Branch: Silk & Printing Firm - pump station 1# - Yuecheng Bridge - pump station 2# -104 National Road - pump station 5# - 104 National Road - pump station 6# -Zhongxing Road - pump station 7# - Urban Waste Water Treatment Plant

Table 16-1 Sewage Pump Station Serial Name of Source region of waste water Land area of pump Note No. pump station station I .# West of the city 1500 Retaining 2 2# West of the city and the ancient urban 615 Retaining area 3 3# West of the city and the ancient urban 206 Expandin area_ g 4 4# East of the city and the ancient urban 766 Expandin area 5 5# West, North of the city and the 1029 Retaining ancient urban area 6 6# East, South, West of the city and the 899 Retaining ancient urban area 7 10# South, West of the city and the 500 Retaining ancient urban area 8 Shengli West of the city 400 Retaining 9 Yanjiatan The ancient urban area 250 Retaining 10 Pianmen West of the city 700 Retaining

Wastewater in the ancient urban area is mainly transported to Pump Station 7# through Zhongxing Road Central Pipeline, then to the Urban Waste Water Plant and discharged to the Caoe River after treated. Up to now, the central pipeline and most branches have been completed and the pipelines in a few historical streets and some scattered resident area remain to be switched on. In all, the area of wastewater interception in up to 75% in the total one. After the project in the future, the area of waste water interception will be 95%.

3.2.7 Community Health On the analysis on the data, there is no regional infectious disease in the area. The morbidity of the notable disease is below 3%oo. The first 5 infectious diseases are Hepatitis, Diarrhea, Hemorrhagic scarlet fever, Typhoid and Rickets. And Poliomyelitis, Measles, Diphtheria, Malaria and Rickets, the 5

39 serious infectious diseases, are under well controlled. Therefore, it can be said that the community health in the area is in good condition.

3.2.8 Historical Relics and Ancient Buildings Yuecheng is one of the first 24 historical and cultural cities entitled by the State Council, with the beautiful scenery of rivers and lakes in the south of Yangtze River. There are a lot of historical relics in Shaoxing. In the total planned urban area (including Keqiao and Paojiang), there are 4 national cultural preservation units, 16 provincial cultural preservation units, 32 city cultural preservation units, 4 country cultural preservation units and 83 municipally protected cultural sites. And in the old urban area, there are 2 national cultural preservation units, 11 provincial cultural preservation units, 24 country cultural preservation units (see Table 3.2-2). Some units are opened after repaired, such as the former residence of Lu Xun, the former residence of Qiu Jin, School, the former house of Zhou Enlai's family. etc. Some units are being repaired, such as the Assemble Hall of cloth industry (the Old Cadre Center for Activities now). Some units are damaged seriously or misappropriated, such as Lu Mansion. Some units are destroyed and only left the sites, such as the Xishishan Site. The ancient buildings in Shaoxing, with white-walls and dark-tiles, bamboo shades and compounds, black poles and grown paint. have unique local features. The buildings are simple but unsophisticated. elegant, light & handy, holding an important role of the historical architecture in China. There are 270 ancient buildings in the urban area (70 buildings be made in Ming Dynasty, about 200 be made in Qing Dynasty). which reflected the architectural art and the urban style of Shaoxinl. 'he ancient buildings in Shaoxing can be classified into three types as below: * Community Buildings: such as Linxiao Society, Assemble Hall of Cloth-industry, Assemble Hall of Salt-industry. Kaiyuan Temple, Yaowang Temple, etc. * Residential Buildings: these buildings can be divided into riverside houses and compounds. Riverside houses are simple and small, which can be divided again into the types of facing-river. back-to-river, across-river, pavilion, etc. Compounds are large scale and well decor-ated. often being named after the owner's name, such as: Lu Mansion, Li's Compound, Zhang2s Compound. etc. * Stone Establishments: there are a lot of ancient stone bridges in the urban area. The bridges in Song. Yuan, Ming. Qing Dvnasties all can be found. Sculpt of the bridges is posh, such as flat, arc and flat-arc types. The famous bridges are Baiwang Bridge, Tishan Bridge, Xiaojiang Bridge. Guangxiang Bridge, Fengyi Bridge, Baozhu Bridge, etc. In addition, there are other stone buildings in Shaoxing, such as torii, totom, pavilion, stele, pier. well. etc.

3.2.9 Cultural Resources Shaoxing is a "Cultural Country". From Yue-kingdom in Chunqiu to the end of Qing Dynasty (more than 2000 years). a lot of elitists on politics, philosophy, literature, and science have come forth in Shaoxing. or had used to live there. For example, * Goujian and Wenzhong in Chunqiu Era * The ideologist Wangchong and the scholar Yan Ziling, the calligrapher Wang Xizhi and the

40 poet Xie Linyun in Wei Jin Era * The poet Lu You in South Song dynasty * The artists Xu Wei, Chen Hongshou, Ren Bonian, and the proser Zhang Dai, the philosopher Liu Zongzhou, Wang Yangming, etc. in Ming and Qing Dynasties * The revolutionist Qiu Jin, Xu Xilin, Tao Chengzhang and the educationalist Cai Yuanpei in the end era of Qing Dynasty. Besides, Shaoxing is the hometown of the litterateur Lu Xun. And the ancestors of Zhouenlai lived here. Shaoxing had a long history and splendid culture. In 52 A. C. (Han Dynasty), Yuan Kang and Wu Ping from Shaoxing edited Yuejueslzu (the chorography of Shaoxing), which is the first chorography in China. The ideologist and philosopher Wangchong in East Han Dynasty wrote Lilnilelig, which is very important in the history of ideology and philosophy. In the end of East Han Dynasty, Zhaoyi, from Shanyin, edited Wuiyuecliunqiu, which is a classic book on history. Wang Xizhi is the calligrapher sage. His calligraphy is " like the cloud floating on sky, and like the frightened dragon in the water". His LcititigjixU is a masterpiece in the field of calligraphy. The famous poet Lu You in South Song Dynasty, left more than 9,000 poems. Wang Yangming. lived in Shaoxing for 20 years, established Yangming School, founded his thomism (Yangminglixue), which dominated the Chinese ideology from Wuzong Year to Wanli Year in Ming Dynasty. The other worthies, such as litterateur Wang Siren, Liu Zongzhou, Zhang Dai, drama critic and litterateur Qi Biaojia. calligrapher and painter Xu Wei, Ren Bonian, educationalist Cai Yuanpei. litterateur Lu Xun, historian Fan Wenlan, mathematician Chen Jiangong, etc. also did their huge contributions. A lot of historic worthies lived and worked in Shaoxing. Such as Fan Zhongyan and Zhu Xi in North Song Dynasty, Xinqiji in Song Dynasty, etc. They also left their effects in Shaoxing.

3.2.10 Brief Introduction on the Amended Master Plan of Shaoxing City The Amienided Master Plan of Shaoxing Cit, (1994-2010) was accomplished by the Urban & Rural Planning and Design Institute of Shaoxing City and the Urban & Rural Planning and Design Research. Hangzhou University in Nov. 1995. The city character of the Shaoxing City center is decided then as an ' international tourism city with the features of historical culture and its natural scenery of rivers and lakes". The center is composed of Yuecheng, Keqiao and Paojiang. The extending direction of the city is the north. The short term of the planning is year 2000, with the population of 0.52 million and the area of 62 kM2 ; And the long term of the planning is year 2010, with the population of 0.8 million and the area of 100 km2 Shaoxing will be consisted of 5 functional regions and green spaces in the plan. The functional regions are the Old Urban Region (including the ancient urban area, the south, west and north area of the city), the East Region of the city, Kuaijishan Hill Region, Keqiao Region and the Paojiang Region: * The Old Urban Region: it will be the center of the politics, culture, education, science & technique, finance and trade in Shaoxing. In this region, Gucheng is surrounded by the Moat, where the development of the third industry, and the improvement of the living and working condition will be stressed. The south area of the region will be a comprehensive zone for culture, education and residence. And along the traffic trunk lines will be set the

41 technique-assemble industry in. The wvest area is the upstream of the water resources ol' the city. so the water-pollution projects will be forbidden here. On the basis of the existing habitation, this area is planned to form habitation zone. The north area is the center of communication and aquatic tourism zone. The predominance of communication should be expanded. The Datan and Didang aquatic parks are planned to construct here.

* The East Region: It is the Economy and Technique Development Zone of Shaoxing. It is planned to develop high-tech industries with no pollution and low energy-consumption and the relevant habitation or the third industry. In the area from the north side of Renming Road to the south side of Hangzhou-Ningbo Canal, There will be the industrial storage area in the plan. In the area from the south side of Renming Road to the north side Huanchengnan Road, There will be the habitation area. In the area from the south side of Huanchengnan Road to the north of Dayu Mausoleum, there will be the high-tech industry area and Jiangnan Amusement Park. And it xvill be developed to a center of economy. physical culture and entertainment.

* Kuaijishan Hill Region: This is a tourism zone. There are some sites with historical culture and fine sscenery, such as Dayu Mausoleum. Xianglu Hill. Ruoyie Rivulet. etc. In this region. the culture and the scenery should be integrated together to form a zone for tourism and leisure, to embody the comprehensive benefit.

* Keqiao Region: The Chinese Textile City in this area should be developed unceasingly. At thc same time, the textiles industry and the service industry for the market should be enhanced. Thereby. the framework of " market in the south, industry in the north" will be formed.

* Paojiang Region: The 2 lid industry and the relevant habitation and the third industry will be developed in this area. This project will be carried out inside the Huangcheng River in the ancient urban area and the area's function will be kept as before after this project. i.e. the historical cultural famous city.

3.2.11 The Tenth Five-Year Plan of Environment Protection of Shaoxing and the Long-tenn (2010) Targets (Document No. 127 of Shaoxing Government, 1997), was promulgated and carried into execution by the People's Government of Shaoxing Municipality. The Tenth Five-Year Plan of Environment Protection of Shaoxing was completed in compilation in June 2001.The environmental protection targets and the emphases work in the plan are excerpted as below:

The Tenth Five-Year Plan of Environmental Protection (1 )Planning Targets In 2005. the targets of environmental protection in Shaoxing will be: To establish a comparable perfect environmental administrative system basically, which can be

42 consistent with the economical system of the socialist market; To control the deteriorating tend of environmental pollution and ecological damage efficiently; To improve the environmental quality in the urban area in Shaoxing, the urban areas in the county cities and some important towns in some degree; Especially to improve the water quality in the important water bodies greatly like the Jianhu Lake, the Shaoyu Plain River Net, the Xinsheng Reach of Caoejiang River, etc. And to control the pollution from the important polluting industries such as the Xinchang Medical Chemical Plant, the Shangyu Fine Chemical Plant, Shaoxing Printing and Dyeing Plant and Zhuji Cement Plant, etc. To build the Shaoxing urban area, Shaoxing County and Shangyu City into a demonstrating region with quickly developing economy, clean and elegant circumstance and benignly recurrent ecosystem. (2) Planning Targets of Environmental Quality * Air Environment The air environmental quality in Shaoxing shall meet the Grade 11 Standard. And the air environmental quality in the First type functional districts, such as the Kuaijishan Holiday Park, the Lanting Forest Park, the Kuaijihu Holiday Park, the 5I"type ecological village in Xialv Town in Shaoxing County, the 15' type area in Tangpu Reservoir, Fenmingshan Park, Baimahu Park, Dongshan Park in Shangyu County, the Wuxie Park in Zhuji, the Nanshan Park in Shengzhou, the Dafuoshi Park. the Wozhouhu Park and the Cuanyan Park in Xinchang County, etc. shall meet the Grade I standard.. * Surface Water Environment The water quality in the Jianhu Lake and the exurb rivers shall meet Grade 11 standard. And in the outskirt rivers and river branches it shall meet the Grade III standard. The water quality shall meet Grade III-IV standard in the Shaoyu river net, shall meet the Grade IV standard in the rivers in the Shaoxinv urban area, shall meet Grade III in Caoejiang River waters and the Puyang River waters ( the Zhuji Reach). The water quality in the preserved waters as a drinkable resources shall meet the Grade 11 standard. And it shall meet the Grade 11 standard in the Tangpu Reservoir and Grade IV standard near the Shangyu Port. * Acoustic Environment The acoustic environmental quality in the different functional urban areas in the whole city (including Shaoxing City, Keqiao Shaoxing, Shangyu, Zhuji, Shengzhou, Xinchang) shall meet the standards. The averaged equivalent noise level shall be lower than 6OdB(A) in the urban area and 7OdB(A) near the main traffic lines. (3) Gross Control of Pollutants During the tenth five-year, the gross control plan of pollutants will be implemented. The total pollutant discharges in 2005 will be less than these in the ninth five-year.

In the city, the SO2 discharge will be controlled under 76.500tons. soot dust under 32,610tons, dust under 54,820tons. And the discharges of SO2 in Shaoxing urban area will be controlled under 19,170tons, 30,420tons in Shaoxing County, 9,630tons in Shangyu, 11,700ttons in Zhuji, 3,240 in Shengzhou and 2,340 in Xinchang. In 2005, the COD discharge will be controlled under 52,940tons, among which 1,070tons in

43 Jianhu Lake, 2,700tons in Shaoyu Plain river net, 1,680 in the urban rivers in Shaoxing City, 380tons in the Tangpu Reservoir waters, 41,350tons in the Caoejiang River waters, 4,400tons in the Puyang River waters and 1,360tons in the Shangyu Port waters. In 2005, the discharge of industrial solid disposal will be controlled under 9,900tons without industrial dangerous ones, among which 1,200tons in the urban area on Shaoxing City, 1,900tons in Shaoxing County, 600tons in Shangyu, 1,200tons in Zhuji, 3,100tons in Shengzhou and 1,900tons in Xinchang. (4) Index System for Sustainable Development The Shaoxing Index System for Sustainable Development was established based on the Tenth Five-vear Planning Targets of Environmental Protection in Shaoxing and according the requirement to construct the National-Grade Model City of Environmental Protection. The planning targets in detail in 2005and 2015 in Shaoxing and in the its urban area are shown in the Table 3.2-2.

Table3.2-2 Planning Targets for Sustainable Development in Shaoxing City Index In Shaoxing sub-sy Index Unit Urban Area stem In 2005 In 2015 In 2005 In 2015 1. Air pollution index (API) 70 <100 72 <100 2.Coverine rate of soot dust control 7% 100 100 100 100 3. up rate to the water quality standard % ~~59.09 100 55.6 100 in the water functional districts 4. up ratc to the water quality standard (7o ~ 98 99 98 99 in the drinkable water bodies 5. coving rate of up to the standard of % SO 70 60 70 environmental noise 6. averaged equivalent noise in dB 57.3 55.5 55.8 55 regional noise 7.averaged equivalent noise near the DB 70.2 <70 68.3 68 main traffic lines En-vir S. Up rate to the discharge standard of 7 96.18 100 92.41 100 on-me exhaust gas ntal 9.Sewage treatment rate in the urban % 15 >50 30.56 _70 index area 10. up rate to the discharge standard of % 88.34 100 92.95 100 industrial w\aste water I1. gas using rate in the urban area % 100 100 100 100 12. harmless treatment rate of living % 100 100 100 100 disposal 13 synthetical utilized rate of % 64.31 >70 96.6 97 industrial solid waste 14. covering rate of virescence in the % 35.42 38 49.49 50 new urban area 2 15. person- averaged area of green belt m /p. 8.28 10 22 25 in the new urban area 16. forest covering rate % 54.9 55 19.5 22

44 Table3.2-2 Continued I. GDP increasing rate % 1.5 10 11.7 10 2. person-averaged GDP Yuan/p. 18042 30000 20167 55000

3. percent of the 3rd industry outcome % 29.37 36 48.02 55

EconoEoo in GDP mical 4. water consumption for ten thousand m3 285 166 150 130 index yuan of GDP 5. energy consumption for ten T (standard 0.78 0.50 0.82 0.50 thousand yuan of GDP coal) 6. percent of environmental investment 1.97 1.9 2.0 2 in GDP t. population density in the urban area p./km2 9000 7000 12000 8500 2. natural increasing rate of population %o 3.51 <4 3.5 <4 3. living water consumption per person L/d.p 146 200 199 250 Social in the urban area index 4. person averaged water resources M 3/y.p. 1800 1490 1470 1430 5. person average area of arabIc land Mu/p. 0.58 0.60 0.10 0.08 6. percent of natural preservative area % 6.362 7 6.2 7 in the national land in Shaoxing I I I_I

(5)lmplementing Plan of Environmental Protection * To make the water quality in the drinkable water sources to be up to the standard To improve the water quality in the water sources of the present water plants To strengthen the protection of water quality in the grade I and grade 11 preserved areas of drinkable water sources To constitute integrated preserving ordinances about water source area To make the up rate to the standard of water quality in the water sources be larger than 96% in 2005. To ensure the water quality in the Tangpu Reservoir meet the standard since it was used gradually after 2000 by the urban area of Shaoxing, the Shaoxing County and Shangyu. * To treat the urban sewage concentratedly To build some urban sewage treatment plants in the cities and counties from 2000 to the tenth five-year, with the treatment capacities of 500,000ton/d in Shaoxing urban area and Shaoxing county, 60,000ton/d in Xinchang, 80,000ton/d in Zhuji, 100,OOOton/d in Shangyu and 80,000ton/d in Shengzhou. The whole treatment capacity shall be 760.000ton/d and the treated sewage shall be discharged after being up to the nation discharge standard. To build the sewage interception pipeline net, especially the branch pipeline and pump stations in the 2nd stage in the urban area. To connect the industrial sewage and living sewage into the urban sewage treatment system in the sewage intercepting area in order to bring the sewage treatment plant into play. * To regulate the urban rivers synthetically To accelerate the synthetic regulation of the urban rivers To dredge up, brick-lay and afforest in/along the urban inner rivers and the Huancheng rivers

45 To extend the water diversity and pollution treatment engineering in the Shaoxing Urban area To connect the living sewage. hospital sewage, restaurant sewage and industrial sewage into the urban pipeline net of water pollutant interception after treated to be up to the discharge standard To connect the sewage from the resident districts and the units in the Shaoxing Urban area into the pipeline net (At least. more than 80% of sewage be connected into the pipeline net)

Long-term Planning of Environmental Protection ( I)The targets in the year 2010 By the year of 2010, the industrial pollution should be controlled effectively and the environmental quality should be improved obviously. The ecosystem in the rural area should be straightened up. The water quality in main water bodies should be elevated. The natural environment should be achieved a benign circle. And the last, The environment should be developed in harmony with that of the economy and the society.

* To regulate the arrangement and configuration of the industry to be reasonable. To advance the levels of the facilities and techniques evidently To lessen the discharge volume of the main pollutants evidently * The water quality in the main water bodies should be improved evidently. The water quality in the Mirror Lake and Shaoyu Plain should achieve the standard steadily. The water quality in Cao-e River shall reach the requirement of the Grade 1I-illand that in Puyang River shall keep in good conditions. i'he wvater quality in the drinkable water sources shall reach the requirement of the National Standard. The Tangpu Reservoir shall be constructed and run effectively. * 'I'he infrastructure for the urban environment should be consummated. The two grades treatment facilities of concentrated sewage shall be built in the urban area and key towns. The second-phase project of sewage treatment should be accomplished and put into operation in the urban area. * The air quality shall reach requirement of' the standard steadily and be kept in good conditions in most ot the towns. The quality of surface water shall be straightened up evidently. The water quality in the rivers in the urban area shall reach the requirement of the Grade 11]- IV Standard and shall reach the requirement of the standard in other towns. The regional environmental noise and the traffic noise reach thc standard. The innocent treatment systems for the urban living garbage should be accomplished basically. * The soil erosion should be under control in chief. The agricultural ecosystem should be improved further. And the preservation of the natural preservation zone and the bio-diversity shall be developed further.

(2) The guidelines and policies of environmental protection * To carry out environmental protection policy (one of the basic national policies) uncompromisingly and to put the environment protection on a very important position constantly. * To carry out the "Three Tongbu. Three Tongyi" policy unpromisingly, i.e. The Economic Construction, The Environmental Construction and the Urban & Rural Construction Should Be Planned, Carried out and Developed Synchronously to Achieve An Entia of the Economic Benefits,

46 Social Benefits and Environmental Benefits. * To carry out the three policies, "To Prevent at first, To Combine the Prevention and Treatment", "One shall treat what he polluted" and "To Strengthen the Environmental Management", unpromisingly. And to carry out the environment management institutions, such as "Responsibility System for the Environment Protection Targets", sequentially. * To carry out the stratagem for the sustainable development unpromisingly To implement the 2]'h Century Agenda of Clina To promote the reformation of the economic system and the increasing mode of the economv actively To accelerate the regulation of the industrial configuration To accelerate the technique progress in the enterprises To keep in the sanitary production by strengthening to economize the resource and to utilize the resources comprehensively

3.2.12 General Plan of Shaoxing City(2001-2020) Chapter Nine Plan of Environmental Preservation General plant of Slhaoxinig City (2001-2020) accomplished by Urban and Rural Planning and Design Institute of Shaoxing, Urban&Rural Planning and Design Research, Zhejiang University. The abstract of Chapter Nine of it which is named as Environmental Preservation is as follows: Item 9.0.1: Objects of Planning Optimize the city distribution and the emphasis is to preserve drinking water while the quality of air around, environment of water and sound which is sorted by function can respectively reach the corresponding standard speculated by' the country. Thus we will reach the object that is to form fine preservation system of ecological environment. Item 9.0.2 Requirements of Planning (I) Water Quality It is required that quality of water in the city zone and the priority of Jianhu Lake should not be below the standard of Grade two of surface water. In the recent, 80 percent of water in rivers should not be below the standard of Grade four of surface water while in the long term, there should not exist water in rivers the quality of which is below the standard of Grade four surface water. Quality of all the resource of drinking water should reach the standard. (2) Air It is required that all the air should meet the standard of the second grade while in important scenic place it is required to meet the standard of Grade one; The positive covering proportion of the control of dirt and smoke should be 100%. (3) Noise Recently the noise in the main stems will be lowered to 70dB, the average value of acoustic sound stage of local environment should be lower than 56dB. (4) Waste Residue: Operation ratio of industrial solid waste residue will reach 100%.

47 3.3 Present Situation of Environmental Quality

3.3.1 Present Situation of Water Environmental Quality (I)Monitoring Stations Nine monitoring stations for water quality are arranged in Shaoxin City. Their names, functions, and meaning are showed in Table 3.3-t. Their collocation is shown in Figure 3.3.1.

Table 3.3-1 Places, Functions and Meaning of the Monitoring Stations for the River Water Quality in the City

waters Serial No. Name of monitoring station Function and meaning

IPianmen Highway Bridge Contrast section to the inflow to the city, a check on integrated treatment of the city 2 Beihai Bridge Control section

RBcrs Xiguo Railway Bridge Control section of the outflow from the city Rivers 4 . Contrast section to the inflow to the city(control Nandu Bridge section for Mirror Lake water system) In Control section of the outfow from the city, a Qingahan Rauilway Bridge check on integrated treatment of the city The 6 Dudong Bridge Control section of the inflow to the city City 7 Guangning Bridge Control section

8 Nianfo Railway Bridge Control section of the outflow from the city

9 Geshantou Contrast section to the clean water of upriver

(2)Monitoring Items There arc I8 items monitored. They are: water temperature. pH. suspended sediment, total hardness. conductivity, DO. COD5,,,, BODj, non-ionic ammonia, nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, volatile phenol. cyanide, arsenic, mercury, hexavalent chromium, lead and cadmium. (3)Monitoring Frequency Samples are tak-en in three periods a year. The three periods are common water season (April), high water season (July) and drought water season (December). And two times of sampling are taken continually in the first ten days of each sampling month. So the total adds up to six times. (4)Monitoring Result Table 3.3-2 shows the statistical result of the river water quality at the monitoring sections in Shaoxing in 1998. (5)Assessment Standard The Environimental Quality Standard of Surface Water (GB3838-2002) is adopted in surface water assessment. In addition, the factors of the suspended sediment, total hardness, conductivity are not assessed, because they are not included in the standard.

48 49 (6) Assessment Method Single index method is used in assessment. Once the value of an index surpasses the standard, it implies that the function can not be ensured. (7)Assessment and Analysis Based on the monitored result in Table 3.3-1. the assessment of river water quality is made out. It is showed in Table 3.3-3. From Table 3.3-2, it can be concluded that the river water quality in Shaoxin- is bad in general. Among the nine monitoring sections, there are 3sections where the water quality is below Grade Ri, accounting for 33.3% of the total and five sections where the water quality is below Grade IV accounting for 55.6%, of the total . And, there are one section where the water quality is Gradelll. Each of the three sections accounts for 11.1%7 of the total. According to the evaluation conclusion of Table 3.3.3, quality of water in inland rivers in Shaoxing City in 2000 is below Grade IV.There are four sections where the water quality can meet the need of the corresponding water function, and they account for 44.4% of the total. There are seven sections left. accounting for 55.6% of the total, where the water quality can not meet the need of the water function, and the main items that surpass the standard are DO, BOD5 , non-ionic ammonia and CODN1,.

Table 3. 3-2 IPresent Situation of Water Quality at Each Mlonitoring Section of the Rivers in Yuecheng of Shaoxing City in 2000 ClilssI ti FLIrICtion ol MUlIt ip ying poweot olvrpriof contt.lhitatiOil ~aLej ;mo ( c0t-lioH monoti tori ng Indicawtosd i . ltHniI oj 1' mseL ol hv waitCr Dissolve of Non- I on il Kind ol{ IIteo Iuic:t. i tt qi.L; I ILI : I d fi VgUtl 11t11iTiHngariitLe C iniminonI : (c I i. irSS) , isi

Itidtonig Bridge IV lic fw IV\ .()9

61,lititX irt IV He I in IV 0 23 125 Brid go ______

\iindl' lfrid ge I\ IV \nIIdlLI lil i dgu l\'I

i- QOingsh;ne . I.i 'iv 1xV li olowIV 0. 33 () 1A (0. 2

. utshnil Lot]( X 1 cI1 I I (' ii ti er I\*' Ii Pinmelin1x, IV iciuti Bridge I B13elowo IV 0. 29 0. 52

XR I i 1~avuo IVi Be I ow IV 1) 29 (1 0-1

Table 3. 3-3 Present Situation of Water Situation in Each water Sampling Season in the Yuecheng' s Rivers of Shaoxing City in 2000

Spec i I FHOnot t of Mu(ipiltng piiwcir 01 overprool coitamin. tioH t

W,lt.l Woitd - c(1 cito rilg ndli ci or-S dIrcOl se+)oll r iHetitio wilttr )Issol C ol 1 onI io nin KiridI of 1i qtirl I (ti (c.Ii Ll oxygen pertrinnguniltr tc Cc ammon i a P'erol eturri (c Ilss) ss) s

I rtiHOl L evoI ri ver w;i c r- ViI le l ow VI 0o03 0. 22 S II SCHi1StI

50 the Inflowin VI VI ci ty g SC.Hson_ I.ow waLel Vl (clowVI 0. 02 scason the whole VI Below VI O. ()

year

51

3.3.2 Present Situation and Assessment of Air Environmental Quality (I)Monitoring Stations Four monitoring stations are arranged in the urban area of Shaoxing. being at Shaoxing Environmental preservation Station, Armed Police of the Country, the First Construction Company of the City and the East Lake. (2)Monitoring Items

SO2 , NO2, total suspended sediment (TSP), falling dust and precipitation. (3)Monitoring Frequency

In accordance to the requirement of air automatic sampling, the monitoring frequency of SO2 and NO2 could not be less than three times per week. It lasts 18 hours each time. The monitoring frequency of TSP could not be less than two times per week. It lasts 16 hours each time. And that of falling dust was once a week. Precipitation was monitored whenever it rains. The pH of the rain and the amount of the precipitation were monitored each time. Per week a sample. which was 2 taken in heavy rain, was chosen to analyze s042-, NH 4'. Ca ~ and conductivity in the sample. (4)Monitoring Result Monitoring result of air environment of Yuecheng in Shaoxing City in 2000 as below: 3 The annual average value of SO2 is 0.012mg/m , the nitrogen oxides' is 0. 044 mg/m3. Average of total suspending material is 0.200mg/m3 . Over proofs to different extent happened in each monitoring station. And when it is in winter, the situation is more severe. The thickness of kinds of contamination appear seasonal changes to some extent, among which the thickness of

SO2 and total suspending material is ordered from high to low as follows: Winter, Spring. Autumn and Summer, while for nitrogen oxides it is : Winter Autumn. Spring Summer. Rate of saltification of dipping acid is the most severe in winter. There are 83 samples of precipitation in Yuecheng in 2000. of which the acid rain accounting for 54.2%/oof the total. The PH range of precipitation is from 4.1to 6.99 and the average is 4.91. The monthly statistical form of PH of precipitation in Shaoxing is in the following:

Table 3.3-4 Monthly Statistical pH of the Monitored Rainfall in the Urban Area of Shaoxing in 2000

Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 PH 4.49 5.58 4.79 4.73 5.47 5.37 Month 7 8 9 10 11 12 PH 6.02 5.64 4.76 4.79 4.61 4.41 Month Average in a year pH 4.91

(5)Assessment Standard The Air Environmental Quality Standard (GB3095-1996) is adopted in air environmental assessment. In accordance to the provincial standard the monthly averaged density of falling dust should be 8.0ton/kmr. According to the Technological Regulations to compile Environmental Quality Report, the averaged pH was calculated with the weighting method of hydrogen ion and the amount of precipitation, and the pH threshold of acid rain is 5.60. If pH is less than 5.60, acid rain occurs.

51 According to the Gradation of Acid Rain issued by the Provincial Environmental Monitoring Center (Table 3.3-5), acid rain ratio and acidity are the items to assess the polluted level of acid rain. Table 3.3-5 Gradation of Acid Rain Gradation Quality Averaged value of pH Acid rain ratio No acid rain >5.60 0-20% 11 Light acid rain 5.30-5.60 10-40%/v 111 Mean acid rain 5.00-5.30 30-60% i\i A little serious acid rain 4.70-5.00 50-80X7(! V Serious acid rain <4.70 70-100%

(6)Assessment Method The same as the method of water quality assessment. (7) Assessment and Analysis Index of evaluation of contamination in the air of the Urban Area of Shaoxing (Pi) in 2000 is seen at Table 3.3-6.

Table 3.3-6 Index Pi of Kinds of Air Contaminants in the Urban Area of Shaoxing in 2000 Names of Tatol Comprehensive So, No, suspending Falling dirt T contamination maera index m aterial {______Pi 0.2 0.88 / 0.99 0.88

According to Table 3.3-6, except that the index of total suspending material is 1. Pi of every contamination is less than 1. This showed that the quality of the air of the city is still fine. The comprehensive index is 0.88 which meets the second grade standard of air environmental quality. Seen from Table 3.3-4. the minimum of pH happened in December. which is 4.41 while the miaximum happened in July which is 6.02. Values of pH in the second and third seasons are higher than that in the first and the fourth seasons. This can show that the rates of acid rain in the second and third seasons are lower than that in the first and fourth seasons. Value of pH of the whole year is 4.91 which meets the standard of Grade IV.And it follows that phenomenon of acid rain in this area is serious.

3.3.3 I'he Present Situation and Assessment of the Acoustic Environment (I)Monitoring Items Regional acoustic monitoring in the urban area and in the functional districts was taken at intervals. (2)Monitoring Frequency Regional acoustic monitoring in the urban was taken once a year in November. Acoustic monitoring in the urban functional districts was taken twice a year in June and December. (3)Monitor Stations

52 Distribution of monitoring stations of environmental noise in Yuecheng's functional area in 2000 is listed as Table 3.3-7. Table 3.3-7 Distribution of Monitoring Stations of Environmental Noise in Yuecheng' s 3rea in 2000

Classi ficaition of furtc ionsl I 11 III R/

NInv i r hmCntLa i Namcs IUU Bank Gerieral Sha Presel-vaLti h M htit. ifing

SLmti hs Garden I.ah b Uni h SFc I Stat I h (the sec itl

(4) Outcome of Monitoring The monitoring results can be seen at Table 3.3-8. In this table, Ld is the equally effectual sound stage in the daytime, L,, is that at night while Ldn is that in the day and night.

Table 3.3-8 Statistical Results of Noise Monitoring in the Functional 3rea of Yuecheng in 2000

Unit: L.,,, dB ,lassi f cat i I I IVI I

Ifcti binl M hit bai Standarda M it b-i Sdrsdtantd- Mv i t b-i n Stan da1ir 3Ii i t bfi Standar ara g'i g d g d g d

I., 5. 71 . 5 57. 6 6() 61. 8 65 67 70

1., '1 .5 45 45. 8 5() 55. 2 55 h(). 1 55

i56.9 57. 1 / 65 / 6h'. /

(5) Assessment and Analysis According to the monitoring outcome listed in Table 3.3-8, in Yuecheng's Urban Area in 2000, in Grade I area, it is both over proof either in the day or at night ,in Grade 11 area, it reaches the standard both, while in Grade III and Grade IV area the value at nigh,t is over proof. To analyze the reason, the traffic voice is still the main resource of the noise. Besides it, too concentrated commercial sites, extension of the commerce's scale and increment of residence's entertainment are also the main resources of noises. In addition, voice of construction raises the extent of noise pollution in the city zone of Shaoxing too.

3.3.4 Present Situation of Sediment and Solid Waste Treatment a. Sediment treatment Volume of mud to be dredged in this project is 200,000m3 . of which 100,000m 3 mud has been removed in former works of storm prevention so there is still 100,000m 3 left. This report has cited the result of Report of Environmental Impact of Engineering of Storm Prevention in Shaoxing and the results of sediment monitoring in the river courses in July 2001 by Shaoxing Monitoring Station of Environmental Protection. (1) Monitoring Stations Among monitoring sections of water quality of river courses in the Urban Area of Shaoxing, there are three monitoring stations of sediment in river courses were chosen, which were Pianmenlu Bridge (No. BI), Nandu Bridge (No.B4) and Nianfo Railway Bridge (No.B8) (see

53 Fig.3-2). (2) Monitoring Items The 7 monitoring items of sediments in river courses of the Urban Area are: PH. arseny, total hydrargyrum, total chromium, plumbum, cadmium. cuprum and so on. (3) Monitoring Frequency The river courses in the urban area are monitored once in five years. and the monitoring periods were April of 1996 and July 2001. (4) Monitoring Results The monitoring results can be seen at Table 3.3.9. I'able 3. 3-9 MIonitoring Outcome of' Sediment in River Courses in the Urban Area of Shaoxing Unit:mg/kg(except pH)

TOL,II T(0LI I Youm \o Stati on p1l Arscriy IP Iumbum CIiMLtim i CuprI- l vd rilrgy ruim Chromiumi

I' l .inmcn1 ii 31 7.5 25. 2 1.4ii 1031 [94 2.51 194

3199b B11 \indu Bridge 7. 6l 28. 7 O 9S8. .: 19 I. 52 3i55

i an Raii [wiW [38 [A, i(lgtb 7. 51 18. 1 1.453 127 :1: 3 1. 55 35t

i) I meCilI LI 3I 1 7.50 2(.5 51 2413 69 2.46 77

IoanFtS 1X,I I wea [111 ISl-i dge 17.6. 15. b 1. :15 54. 6 376 -1.85 288

(5) Assessment Standard As there is no standard of' sediment in PR China. the assessment standard refers to Pollutanlt Control Standards for tl/c Agriciulttal-use Muid (GB4284-84) and En vironmental QualitY Standards of Soil (GB15618-1995), which are listed in Table 3.3.10 and Table 3.3.11 in detail. (6) Assessment and Analysis Concluded from Table 3.3.9, each index of contamination of sediment in river courses in the urban area pf Shaoxing can all meet the demand of Polluitanzt Conitrol Standards for thle Agricultural-use Mud (GB4284-84). Except the result of cadmium surpasses the third grade standard of Environmental Qualit! Standards of Soil (GB15618-1995), the other results still meet the demand. The conclusion show that in the Old Urban Area, as there are few corporations of smelting and electroplating, content of heavy metals in the silts there is not high.

b. Solid waste treatment The solid waste in the Shaoxing urban area is transported to the Dayawu Solid Waste Landfill Site to be landfilled after collected by the city administrative department of environmental sanitary. The Dayawu Landfill Site is surrounded by hills with a road linking to the outside, 30km far from the ancient urban area. This site began to be used in October 1993, with a capacity of 2.5 million M . At present, there is only a little space left. Therefore, a power plant by burning urban living waste was built in 2000, invested by the Shaoxing City with 135 million yuan. It began to work in August 2001, with a treating capacity of 400ton/d. In 2000. there was 83.400 tons of

54 solid waste removed and transported. And the harmless treatment rate of solid waste reached almost to 100%. Some solid waste from the septic tanks was transported to the harmless treatment plants to be treated after taken out by machines. And the waste water from the plant was discharged into the urban sewage pipeline net and the left solid waste was used as fertilizer in farmland. And the silt from the sewage treatment plants was transported to the Dayawu Landfill Site to be landfilled after taken out and dried.

Table 3.3-10 Pollutant Control Standards for the Agricultural-use Mud Unit: mg/kg (dry)

Mrximirn or ContriLet ir Lhe al Iowed scopc

In acid soi I teLM ('11<6.5) Irn neurLl-al or- rlknnlescerrt soil (I'11Ž6...5)

C(r 5 20) lig 5 1.5

Pn 3(0)( 10()()

Cr 6()0 100( As 75 7.5 Cu 2.5( 5(0)( Zn 5()() 1(1)() .\I 1()( 200

(n) enzpyrene :3 3

Table 3.3-11 Environmental Quality Standards of Soil Unit: mokg (dry) Cru,.de I 11l NatUral Items setting ol pl(<6. 5 6. 57..5 pl>o. 5 p11 Cd 0.2 0.3 (.3 11.6

lig . 5 0. 3 (1.5 l 1.5 'addly lie) d :3(1 25 20) :3() As Dry I and 15 410 30 2.5 1( Crop lanui 35 50 1()() 100 41)(1 Orchard 315( 200 20)0) '1()( Pht) 33:i.5 250) :3()() :151) O5N)) PIarddyf ield 9() 251) :300 :35() 40( Cr_ _ Dry lind 90 1511 20)0) 2.51 3()() Zn 1()0 20) 2.50 3()() 5110

Ni 34i( 4( 50 60) 20 666 0.05 0.5 0.5 11.5 ( DDT 0.05 (.5 ().5 11.5 10

55 4 Predicted Environmental Impact and Countermeasures

4.1 Assessment of Environmental Impact and Countermeasures

The following are the environmental impact in the construction stage: * Land occupation * Soil and water erosion * Emigration settlement * Bottom mud dredging and disposal * Construction noise * Impact of constructions on the atmosphere * Impact of constructions on the ecology * Impact of constructions on the traffic and urban infrastructure * Domestic pollution of the constructors Some impacts are evaluated in special chapters in this report. They are the land occupation, the soil and water erosion, the emigration settlement and the environmental impact of bottom mud dredging and disposal. So they are omitted in this section.

4.1.1 Construction Noise Construction noise mainly comes from the construction machinery and the transportation vehicles. Different periods. sites and jobs will give rise to different noise. Because this project extends all over the city and will last 3 years. the constructions are quite complex. For example, there will the work such as: river excavation, water front construction, bottom mud dredging, water pumping stations, construction of pumping stations and sluices (repairs or reconstruction), parking lots. squares. green belts, small bridges, docks, engineering pipelines (water supply. pollutant discharge. fuel gas), civil houses built in Ming and Qing Dynasties, former residences of the celebrities, old bridges built in every dynasty and cultural relics. etc. So except for the large pile drivers, various machines will be almost included. The major construction machinery and the levels of the acoustic radiation are given in Table 4.1-1, where the values are that of one machine. And when several machines were operated at the same time. It shall add 3-S dB. Table 4. 1-1 Major Construction Machinery and Level of the Acoustic Radiation Unit: dB Serial Acoust Serial Acoustic No. Machine ic level No. Machie level Road digger 79 5 Caenters saw and 95 c ~ ~ ____plane 2 Earthmoving scraper 75 6 Hand auger 85 3 Boring and filling machine 81 7 Elevator 72 4 ~~~~~~~~~~~~Automaticdumping 8 4 Concrete mixer 79 8 truck 84

Note: The distances in the measurement are Im from the carpenter's saw, 7.5m from the automatic dumping truck and 15m from the rest machines.

56 Because there are various types, amount and arrangement of machines in working during the construction noise monitoring, a typical situation is supposed in the prediction of the noise. That is to say, the extent of the field from the center to the boundary is 50m. And there are two predicting models selected. When one machine is in operation, we can use the formula for the point source. When several different machines are in operation and scattered in the construction site, we can use a formula for the integrated sources (Formula Stuber). The Limitation of the Noise on the Construction Site (GB12523-90) gives the ultimate construction noise. It is shown in Table 4.1-2. The anticipated impact is that the construction noise can meet the standard in daytime and will surpass the standard in nighttime. Because this project is a reconstruction of an old city, especially Yuezicheng, there are many buildings constructed before the liberation. Some newly constructed residences have a little higher volumetric proportion. And there are many civil houses beside rivers and streets. Among them, there are many constructions being in violation of regulations. So in the range of 100m around most construction sites, the residents will be disturbed by the construction noise.

Table 4.1-2: Noise Limitation at the Boundary of the Construction Site Unit: LAeq dB

Periods of the . . Limitation constructioncosruto Main acoustic sources Daytime Nighttime

Earth and stone Push dozer, digger, 75 55 loader Piling Various pile drivers 85 Construction

Fitment Crane, elevator 70 55

Structure Concrete mixer, 65 55 vibratory stick

The following chooses some of the typical projects to analyze the disturbance of the construction noise to the residents. The results are shown in Table 4.1-3.

Table 4.1-3 Impact Analysis of the Construction Noise Construction Working noise Extent impacted Families (dB) (m) impacted Countermeasures Inner river Enclosed to Inner iver 57-70 50 600 insulate the noise regulation temporarily In a low noise Bridge piling 70 60. 200 piling way; no piling at night Barrier to Building remedy 56-70 55-70 700 insulate the noise temporarily

( I)Renovation of the River Courses in Gucheng There are still 17 rivers in Gucheng of Shaoxing. The inner-circuit of the city is the emphasis area of the treatment. Guanxiang River (370m long, 5m wide) must be excavated again. Original buildings must be removed. Original roads must be excavated. Guiyuanfan River (150m long, 5m

57 wide) and Luomenguang River need to be gotten through. Luxunlu River (will be lengthened 700m and be widened from 3.5-7m to 6-7m), Xianhuan River (will be lengthened 500m and be widened from 3-7m to 5-7m), Fu River (will be lengthened 500m and be widened from 3.5-9m to 4.5-9m), Front Jingang Temple River (will be lengthened 400m and be widened from 3-17 to 5-17m) , Nanhuancheng Inner River (will be lengthened 400m and be widened from 3.7-95m to 6-95m)will be widened. The treatment of rivers includes dredging, water front construction, paving riverbed, setting up of green belts on both sides of the rivers. In addition, The Dusimen Pumping Station and other clearing water facilities will be built. Because the rivers are narrow, although 149 families living along the banks need to be removed, there are still residences close to the rivers. Along both sides of the rivers there are about 600 families (2000 persons) within 50 meters (the nearest buildings from the rivers). They will be disturbed by the construction noise with the acoustic level of 57-70 dB. (2)The Construction of New Bridges and the Repair of Ancient Bridges Four small bridges will be built and 22 ancient bridges will be repaired in the project. The deserted Guanxiang River will be excavated, so 4 new bridges need to be built in order to conjunct it into the net. One part of the Guanxiang River was deserted in 1959. And the other was deserted in 1965. The 4 new bridges will be constructed in the excavation. And the existing buildings need to be removed. The building processes of bridges usually involved in excavating mud, protecting banks, building bridge piers. fixing box beams. piling, paving roads and installing pipelines on both sides of the rivers. In all of the work, the acoustic level of piling is the highest. The acoustic level of the pile drivers will be decreased to 70dB 700m away and 55dB 2000m away according to the calculation. The acoustic level of boring and filling machines will be decreased to 70dB 53 m awav and 55dB 300m away. In resent years the impact pile drivers are not used usually and are replaced by the boring and filling machines or static pressure piling drivers (the acoustic radiation level of static pressure pile drivers is lower than that of boring and filling machines). So when the lattcr two machines are in operation in the daytime, the standard distance of piling is 53m. And, according to GB 12523-90 piling is not permitted in the nighttime. The four new bridges will be built in the regions with dense residents. Piling will disturb the normal livmin of about 200 families in the range of 60m (the buildings close to the rivers). If the continual piling were operated in the nighttime (might be sanctioned by the Department of Environment Protection and announced to the residents), the impact extent would be larger and more persons would be disturbed. The 22 ancient bridges are all made of stones. They need to be reinforced and to be mended and some piers of these bridges need to be reconstructed. So there will be some pile-driving work. The noise in mending stone bridges hasn't serious impact on the environment. But the stone bridges are all scattered in the areas with dense residents. So the impact of the construction noise on environment cannot be ignored. (3)Repairs of the Cultural Relics and Ancient Buildings Built in Ming and Qing Dynasties The amounts of the cultural relics and ancient buildings built in Ming and Qing Dynasties should to be repaired in this project area. The area of cultural relics construction will be about 56036m2. and the area of ancient folk houses will be about 1.1575 X 106m2.1t is given in Table 2.2-13 and Table 2.2-14. In the repairs of the historical relics and ancient buildings. the main works are mason and

58 woodwork. The woodwork devices are the intense acoustic sources, especially the belt saw and the carpenter's anger. The acoustic levels of them are given in Table 4.1-1. The harder the timber is, the higher the acoustic level will be. And most of the repairs in this project are the historical relics and ancient buildings. So the timber used will be better than that in the common residence. The acoustic level of carpenter's auger is 55dB lOOm away. Usually the woodwork devices are located in simple construction camps. Around the camps or on the side facing the residence are only some simple enclosures. So the acoustic reduction coefficient is only about 3-5dB. Therefore, the residences, 55-70m away from the construction site, will suffer the noise pollution. According to a primary statistics, the repairs will disturb 700 families with the construction noise of 56-70dB. In order to reduce the impact of the construction noise on the residents and the sensitive points, some measures should be taken. Some operations in this project, for example river excavation, are belt-like distributed. So it may be appropriate to use enclosures to reduce noise, meanwhile to adopt the construction machines with lower noise. For example, the boring and filling machine or static pressure pile drivers, instead of impact pile drivers, taking lower noise methods or stopping working in nighttime are the ways to reduce the impact. But if the continual piling has to be operated in nighttime, it must be permitted by the Department of Environment Protection and announced to the residents. Some construction sites are fixed in this project. When there are some special sensitive places around the construction sites, the temporary enclosures should be built on the side facing to the sensitive places. Because there are often residences around the most of the historical relics and ancient buildings, there should be some chemical fabric cloth set up around the constructions to avoid dust and the impact on landscape, or temporary enclosures if necessary. The wall should be 3m high while it's length is determined by needs. According to the primary assessment, the expenditure to build the temporary walls will be 6x10 5 Yuan.

4.1.2 Impact on Air Environment Leveling land, excavating road, dumping building materials and driving often give rise to flowing dust. As it is showed in some papers, the main sources of flowing dust in the construction areas are the moving of vehicles. about 60% of the total dust. But the amount varies with the weather, the situation of roads, the velocity of vehicles and the speed of wind. Usually the impact range of road flowing dust caused by winds is within lOOm. However in gale days, the amount of that and its impact range will be enlarged. The abandoned earth, sandstone, clinker, lime and etc. can also result in flowing dust, if they are covered improperly when being piled up or scattered during transportation, the impact range is also lOOm. The scattered concrete mixing site will produce concrete flowing dust. In addition, when the pitch roads are paved, asphalt smoke with phenol and 3,4 benzoperylene will be produced. The concrete flowing dust and pitch smoke in pitch will affect the inhabitants within lOOm leeward. The dredging of riverbed silt will produce effluvium. Environmental impact of disposal of bottom mud will be assessed in special chapters. In order to diminish the impact, we must take the following measures. (1) Spraying water The flowing dust on the construction sites and roads can be restrained by the measures of spraying water and cleaning. The amount of flowing dust can be reduced 70%-80% by the

59 spraying water measure without cleaning. If spraying water is done after cleaning, the dust-restrained efficiency can be raised up to 90%. The relevant experiments indicate that if spraying water is carried out 4-5 times a day, the polluted distance of TSP produced by flowing dust can be reduced to the range of 20-50m. In addition, the materials should be well covered during the transportation, and open transportation should be avoided. Lime and sand should not be piled up in the open air. Water should be sprayed to kleep surface moisture capacity and also restrain dust. (2) Commercialization The fitting construction units should be chosen and the commercialized concrete and pitch and enclosed vehicles should be used. To some designated commercialized concrete and pitch units, the requirements of "Three Same Time" should be brought forward. Some effective measures like to strengthen monitoring and management must be taken to reduce the impact of the relevant factors on environment and avoid air pollution. (3) Avoiding to impact the residences within 100m leeward The residences within 100m leeward should be avoided when some temporary or scattered mixing sites of concrete and pitch are chosen.

4.1.3 Impact on Ecological Environment The main ecological impact is the variation of terrestrial vegetation and the impact ot river excavation on the aquatic lives. The architectural area of the removed buildings will be 63000m2 . And the occupied lands are used for buildings, squares and roads, without plow lands and woodlands. The original green land will still exist or be extended after this project. So there is no land occupied perpetually and it does not give rise to any damage of the vegetation. But three will be some lands occupied temporarily by some constructions such as river excavation. etc. In addition, the repair of the ancient bridges. the buildings built in Ming and Qing Dynasties and the historical relics will only occupy the existing places. It will not result in any damage of the vegetation. Occasionally if the green land is dccupied. after the construction the land should be cleaned cautiously and recovered. There will be more green land after this project, for example, the plants belts along rivers and 2 roads, greenery patches on People Square and green land in streets. And there will be 98140m planned greenery patch increased. The increase of green land is advantaged to the vegetation and ecosystem. In a word, the project is advantaged to the improvement of ecosystem and the terrestrial vegetation system. The water quality of rivers in Guchang is polluted seriously. There is almost no fish in the rivers. River excavation may do some harm to the benthos. But the impact of excavation is temporary. After the treatment, the rivers will be cleaned and the living environment of the aquatic lives will be recovered and improved. In addition, the exploitation of stone, sand and clinker will also influence the ecosystem. The stones used in the projects are all bought from other places. When the stones are exploited. the vegetation will be damaged, noise and flowing dust Will be generated and the landscapes will be destroyed. So the management of the exploitation workplaces should be strengthened and the exploitation must be in order. Temporary stacks of the stones will also have impact on the plants. When the projects are

60 finished, the stones must be cleaned in time and the plants must be recovered quickly. The sands used in the projects are brought from the producing area such as Caoe River and Puyang River. If the management of the sands exploitation in rivers is not suitable, it will do harm to the navigation, safety of banks and resisting flood. So the Department of Environment Protection and other relevant departments must strengthen the management of the sand exploitation. The surplus stones of the rock quarry are the by-production in stone exploitation. The surplus stones used in the projects are brought from the East Lake, Zhuji, Xianchang, and other places. The impact of exploiting and stacking of the surplus stones on the environment had been described in the front.

4.1.4 The Construction Impact on the Communication and the Urban Infrastructure (l) Impact on the Communication The impacts of the project on the communication include the impact on road traffic and the indirect influences on the navigation. ( I ) Impact on the vehicle volume Because of the construction, in a certain period the number of vehicles to transport soil, sands and stones will be increased. If the vehicles are dispatched unsuitably, the traffic will be impeded. So the management and the dispatch must be reinforced. (II) Damage on the roads If the vehicles are overloaded or improperly covered, there will be some loaded soil, stones and sands scattered on the way. If they are not cleaned in time, the surface of the road will be damaged. If it is dry, there will be some flowing dust. And if it rains, there will be some soil erosion occurred. So it is necessary to strengthen the education about environmental protection to the drivers and the loaders. And some persons must be dispatched to clean the scattered materials. (111) Indirect impact on the navigation Now the motorboats in Shaoxing are only transporting on the Moat, and there is no navigation in the assessment range of the project. Owing to the construction, the transportation and the number of the workers will increase in certain periods and the navigation on the Moat will be influenced indirectly. So it must be announced in advance in order to manage and dispatch. (2) Impact on the urban infrastructure During the construction, especially during excavation, the cables of electricity, communication and water pipelines underground will be often encountered in the project area and might be broken if the operation is not suitable. So before every construction stage the construction units must cooperate intimately with the related units, tabulate and mark them on maps. The workers must be educated and managed well. In case of incidence it must be treated in time according to the rescue measures.

4.1.5 Living pollution of the workers There are many sub-projects in the projects. In different periods, the numbers of the workers are various greatly. And the number of the workers in a particular period has not be determined. So we suppose there will be 500 workers in the general construction fields, and use it to calculate the amount of living pollution of the workers. The main living pollution of the workers is living sewage and garbage.

61

One person consumes about 1501 of water every day, and produces about 50g BOD5 and 60g CODCr in general. Supposing the living sewage accounting for 60% of the water consumption, then the living sewage and the pollutants of 500 persons in the construction field are given in Table 4.1.4. Table 4.1.4 Discharges of Living Sewage and Pollutants of the Workers

Water consumption Volume of sewage BOD5 (kg/d) CODcr(kg/d) (tld) (t/d)

75.00 45.00 25.000 30.00

There will be a little garbage of the workers. If every person produces 1kg every day, 500 persons will produce 500kg. In the construction fields with more workers, the sewage must be disposed in the cesspool and removed in time. The garbage must be piled up in the designated places and be cleaned immediately and should be prohibited to mix with the architectural waste.

4.2 Water Environmental Impact and Countermeasures

4.2.1 Present Situation and Prediction of the Pollutant Discharge 4.2.1.1 Present Situation of the Pollutant Discharge (l)Sevvage discharge In 2001, the total amount of water supply was 4.805x107 m3 /year, among which 2.173xl107 m3 was living water consumption. And there was about 4.084x107 m3 of wastewater discharged, amount which 1.847x107m3 was living sewage. In the whole year of 2001, there was 2.618x107m3 wastewater discharged into the pipe net, among which 1.695x107m3 was living sewage and 0.923xl07m3 non-living sewage. Besides that, there was 1.466x107 m3 wastewater, the rest of the total sewage that year, was discharged into the rivers directly. (2) Water Quality of the Sewage and the Total Pollutants Discharged into the Rivers Living sewage and hotel, restaurant sewage are the main part in the ancient urban area of Shaoxing. So the water quality of sewage in the urban area is generally the same as that of living sewage. The concentration of CODC, was 350mg/I, and BOD5 150mg/I. Thus, the total discharge

of CODc, in 2000 was 14294t/a, BOD5 about 6126t/a. Total discharge of CODcr which flowed into the inner rivers was 5131t/a and that of BOD5 2199t/a, equaled to 14.06t/d and 6.02t/d respectively.

Table 4.2-2 Pollution Sources Connected with the Pipeline Network in the Range of the Assessment Type Serial No. Unit Discharge of sewage Discharge of (x 103 m3/a) CODc,(t/a) I Shaoxing New dyeing Factory 732.7 19.0 2 Zhejiang Haiermansi Company 744.0 35.4 3 Wine Factory of Shaoxing, 1406.2 600.0 China Industry 4 Shaoxing Silk Spinning Factory 617.2 3.0 5 The Third Printing and Dyeing 288.0 44.4 Factory of Shaoxing 6 Shaoxing Flexible Silk Factory 192.6 8.4 7 Saoxing Bean Products Factory 36.3 36.3

62 Table 4.2-2 continued 8 Xianhene Wine Shop 8.2 3.3 9 Xianheng Hotel 122.6 49.0 10 Jinyu Hotel 40.4 16.2 11 Shaoxing Hotel 46.2 18.6 Catering 12 The International Hotel 76.8 30.7 service 13 Yujian Hotel 25.6 10.2 14 Shaoxing Mansions 59.2 23.7 15 Yuecheng Hotel 27.9 11.2 16 Yadu Hotel 97.2 38.9 17 Wangchao Hotel 87.6 35.0 Resident 18 Huayuanfan 236.5 70.96 area 19 Baimafan 379.6 113.9 Total 5,225.1 1,168.2

Table 4.2-3 Sewage Sources not Connected with the Pipeline Network in the Range of the Assessment Sewage Discharge Type Serial No. Unit discharge of COD (x 103t/a) (t/d) I Zhcjiang Paper Company 14.9 6.5 2 Shaoxing Chemical Appliance Factory 11.7 1.2 3 Shaoxing Porcelain Factory 5.6 0.8 4 Shaoxing Xuefenm Limited Company 57.1 2.0 5 Shaoxing Electric Appliance Factory 43.8 6.6 6 Zhejiang Foreign Trade Company in 36.3 9.1 Shaoxing Industrv 7 Shaoxing Food Factory 15.0 4.5 8 Shaoxing Lifter Factory 17.0 3.4 9 Shaoxing Printing Plant 8.0 0.2 10 Gold and Sliver Factory of Shaoxing 10.0 1.5 11 Shaoxing Generator Factory 16.0 3.2 12 Shaoxing Longhua Printing Plant 8.3 1.2 13 The 2nd Factory of Zhejiang Tea Imports 99.7 2.3 and Exports Company 14 Zhejiang Bike (Fly Wheel) Factory 210.4 8.2 15 Shaoxing Restaurant 113.9 45.6 16 Longshan Restaurant 104.0 41.6 17 Fushan Restaurant 37.1 14.8 18 Haigang Great Hotel 43.8 17.5 19 Yingtai Great Hotel 25.6 10.2 20 Great World Catering and Recreation City 11.0 4.4 21 Huagiao Restaurant 81.0 32.4 Catering 22 Jinggu Restaurant 72.6 29.0 service 23 Yuanlin Great Hotel 16.4 6.6 24 Baida Guesthouse 29.2 11.7 25 Shuichan Great Wine Shop 18.3 7.3 26 Zhezhi Guesthouse 29.2 11.7 27 Telecommunication Department 51.1 20.4 28 Xingiao Hotel 11.0 4.4 29 Lanxiang Hotel 40.0 16.0 30 Zhaori Wine Shop 11.0 4.4

63 Table 4.2-3 continued 31 People's Hospital of City 280.1 112.0 32 The Second Hospital 260.0 104.0 Medical 33 Health Hospital for woman and children 178.3 71.3 hygiene 34 The Fifth Hospital 146.0 58.4 35 The Sixth Hospital 73.0 29.2 36 Chinese Medicine Hospital o f City 60.8 24.3 37 Mingzhuyuan 69.0 20.7 38 Panggongchi 132.5 39.8 39 Yingtianyuan, Houtiangong 230 69.0 40 Jianhuxincun 256.2 76.9 41 Yanjiatan 156.2 45.8 42 Yingdu Garden 184.0 55.2 43 Tangjia Lane, Guanyin Lane 33.9 10.2 44 Fengyi Residence 56.9 17.1 45 Yandian Garden 77.7 23.3 46 Baicao Garden 117.9 35.4 47 Malong Residence 255.1 76.5 48 Yuhuaqiao Residence 41.2 12.4 49 Fumaqiao Residence 24.1 7.2 Residenti 50 Dongshuangiao Apartment 36.9 11.1 al area 51 Xixianhuan 37.2 11.2 52 Royexi 41.2 12.4 53 Shenyuan Residence 11.0 3.3 54 Dada Residence 30.7 9.2 55 Beihai Garden 115.0 34.5 56 Wanghua Residence 576.0 172.8 57 Luomen Residence 567.2 170.2 58 Baida Commercial City 28.8 8.6 59 Yanan Road Residence 39.4 11.8 60 Xingwen Residence 38.3 11.5 60 Qingtangyuan 73.0 21.9 62 Gugong Garden 153.3 46.0 63 Dongguomen New Residence 49.3 14.8 64 Qingfang Apartment 36.5 11.0 65 Dongfang Apartment 66.8 20.0 Total 6,723.9 1,459.0

4.2.1.2 Total Pollutants Discharged after Being Intercepted According to the General Plan of Shaoxing and the Proposal of the Water Supply Project and the Water Supply Pipeline Engineering, the planned population in the ancient urban area will be 100,000. The sewage index for ten thousand people will be 6,000tons per day (i.e. the total sewage will be 60,000ton/d). The intercepting rate of sewage for the long-term plan will be 70% in the ancient urban area. Therefore, at that time, there will be 6.3ton/d of CODcr and 2.7ton/d of

BOD5 discharged into the inner rivers.

4.2.1.3 Main Factors Impacted on the Water Quality of the Inner Rivers (I)The Discharge of Pollutants after Being Intercepted The main reason of current poor water quality is that the sewage pipeline networks is not completed to collect the pollutants from the living pollution sources and some sewage is

64 discharged into the rivers directly. According to the plans, after the projects, a few factories remained in the ancient urban area will be removed to the economical development zone and there will be no factories in the urban area. And the sewage pipeline network will be completed at that time and the planned rate of sewage interception will be 70%. (2)The Volume and the Quality of the Sewage The water storage in the urban area is small. If there is no water diversion in the drought period, flow velocity will be about 0 and there will be a little water exchanges with that outside. and there will be no environmental capacity in the rivers at all. So it is necessary to diverse some water from the rivers outside the urban area into the rivers inside. But the imported water quality will influence directly that in the urban rivers. According to the monitored result of water quality. the water in the suburbs is grade IV. Under this condition it is very limited to improve the water quality in the urban area by water diversion. In order to improve water quality of the urban area of Shaoxing and Shaoxing County. at present the project of sewage treatment is being carried out. The present sewage treatment plant is located in the Sanjiang Town, near the Caoejiang River,

lOkm from the ancient urban area. Its designed treatment capacity is 500.000ton/d. And the 1 5' stage plant was constructed and ran into use, with the treatment capacity of 300.000ton/d. The stage plant is planned to be built in 2005. After this plant is conducted. most of the industrial and living sewage intercepted and treated with grade 2 ecological and chemical treatment way. And the treated sewage will be transported to the swage treatment plants through pipes. then will be directly discharged into the downstream of Caoe River. It is anticipated that after the projects. except the Huancheng River the water quality in Shaoxing and in the southern suburb of Shaoxing will meet Grade III.

4.2.1.4 Prediction of Water Quality in the Inner Rivers Under the condition of water diversion, the water environmental capacity of the inner rivers is calculated by the following formula (from the Technical Principles and Methods to Constitute the Discharce Standard of Sewage in Local Area): W=86.4[C,(Qp+q)-CoQp] Here: W Water environmental capacity of the inner rivers, kg/d 3 q Lateral discharge of sewage, m /s C, Concentration of water quality standard, mg/l

C0 Concentration of water quality of diverted water, mg/I Q p Volume of diverted water. m3/s At present there are three pumping stations, which are the Nanmen, Dongmen and Jianhu stations. ln the Nanmen Station, there are two pumps installed (Q=3,820m3 /h per pump). In Dongmen Station, there are three pumps installed (Q=4,795m 3/h per pump) and in Jianhu Station two pumps (Q= 4.000m3/h per pump). So. the total volume of the pumped water is 8.12 m3/s now. And after the project is finished, there will be 3.33 m3/s volume increased in the Jishanmen Station. which will be built in recent. Thus, after this project there will be 11.45 m3/s pumped water in Shaoxing. Thus, the river water in the inner rivers may be replace with the diverted water in 15.6 hours. From the formula, if 11.45m3 water is pumped per second and the water quality is remained Grade IV. the environmental capacity of CODc, will be 10.44t/d. And if the volume of pumped

65 water is 9m3/s, and the water quality is remained Grade IV, the environmental capacity of CODCr will be 29.18t/d. Comparing the environmental capacity after water diversion with the discharge of CODCr into rivers after being intercepted, the former is a little larger than the latter. It indicates that the water quality after water diversion will be improved in some degree, and will meet Grade TV. The water in the rivers in Shaoxing flows from the south to the northeast in general, and then to the Caoejiang River. After this project, the intercepting rate of sewage will increase greatly, and the water quality in the inner river will be improved obviously. Thus, the water quality in the downstream rivers will be also improved, since the pollutant from the upstream will be reduced. The water quality in the Huancheng River is being improved obviously in the recent years, with the successful establishment of Environmental Protection Model City by Shaoxing, the great increase of interception rate of sewage in the urban area and the effectively comprehensive regulation of the Huangcheng River. And the quality improvement of the diverted water will be helpful for the water quality in the inner rivers to be improved in the ancient urban area. Besides, the water sources for the pump stations to divert water can be insured since it is in the Xiao Shao plain for the project. And the water quality in the Outer Huancheng River can be kept in meeting the requirement of III water standard since the pollutant to the upstream rivers will be reduced with the development of environmental protection in Shaoxing. The Pingshuijiang Reservoir will have 2.88m 1s of discharge. And 0.6 m3/s of that will run into the urban area through the Nanchi River and the Potang River. So the wvater quality in the river net in the urban area will be improved. 4.2.2 Control Measures of Water Pollution In order to reach the anticipated aim, corresponding measures must be taken to control the pollution sources, volume and quality of the diverted water. (1) Control Measures of Water Pollution Sources The total volume of sewage, especially that discharged into the inner rivers, must be controlled. The control objective is to make the volume of CODCr discharged into the inner rivers less than 8.32t per day. At the same time, the volume of other pollutants must be controlled. Besides the interception rate of the sewage interception pipeline network should meet 70%., the items involved in the construction or the reconstruction must be controlled and the sewage must be discharged into the interception pipeline network. It is prohibited to discharge any sewage into the rivers directly. (2) By the research about the water pollution in the inner rivers in Shaoxing, it is indicated that if there is much sediment on the riverbed, the released pollutants will intluence the water quality in the rivers in drought period. So some dredging works must be done at intervals to eliminate the impact. (3) The diverted water quality should meet Grade III and every pumping station must be ensured to keep in working normally. According to the water quality control models of the inner rivers in Shaoxing, we can determine the volume of diversion water in different conditions to keep the river-water meeting the requirement of the aim. (4) The collecting system of urban sewage shall be separated from the collecting system of rainwater entirely. During design period of this project, it shall be considered that some sewage would overflow to the rainwater collecting system while a rainstorm comes, and the water in the

66 river net would be polluted.

4.3 Acoustic Environmental Assessment and Countermeasures Noise will be produced mainly from the pumping chambers and the parking lots during the operation period of this project. The following is the noise intensity from the acoustic sources. The impact is assessed and the corresponding countermeasures are put forward to eliminate the impact.

4.3.1 Intensity of Acoustic Sources The main work in this project is to renovate the infrastructure in Gucheng,, so there is no special acoustic sources. But there are still some small or mean ones. There will be one pumping station, 3 anchor gates in the rivcr courses and six parking lots built in the projects. In all these facilities, the gate control devices, diving pumps and cars are the intense acoustic sources. In addition, there will be one boat pier to form one tourism circuit on water in the city. But the types of the tourism boats were not specified in the engineering feasibility report of the project. If the boats are sailed by manpower (hand or foot), the acoustic level will be very low. So the ports and tourism lines on the rivers can be considered as some living acoustic sources. If motor boats are used, they are the acoustic source in navigation. So their impact should be forecasted and the corresponding countermeasures should be taken. The relevant acoustic sources are given in Table 4.3-1. Table 4.3-1 Radiation Level of the Acoustic Sources

Acoustic sources Acoustic level (dB) Distance

Gate control device 92-98 Im, highest point

Diving pump 92-95 1m, highest point

Car 70-75 7.5m

Coach 75-80 7.5m

Ship with cabin 65-70 25m

4.3.2 Prediction Model (I )Attenuation of the Acoustic Propagation Attenuation model of the acoustic Level-A in propagation: LA(r)=LAref (ro)-(Adi,+Abar+A11tn1+A.xc) Where: LA(r) -Acoustic level A r meters far from the acoustic sources, dB LArCIfro) Acoustic level A at the referent point ro meters far from the sources. dB Ad,, Geometrical divergence attenuation of the sound wave. dB Abar Attenuation of the acoustic level A caused by shelters, dB A,,,,,, Attenuation of the acoustic level A caused by air absorption, dB

There are four models relevant to the prediction of the project. ( ) Attenuation Model for the Point Acoustic Sources

L2=Ll+10r2 /r,

67 Where:

L2. LI Acoustic levels r2 and r, meters from the source respectively.

ii) Acoustic Radiation Model for a Regular Room _ ~~F L2= L, - TL +l10Ig 2-_14

Where:

L2 Predicted acoustic level Im far from the room, dB Ll Acoustic level lm to the wall in the room, dB

TL Average loss of the acoustic transmission caused by the wall, dB

F-Area of the wall, dB I Distance from the predicted point to the wall, m

L ,, (h) ) (L,,) + 10 Ig( Sj ) + 10 Ig 1j +10 L 7' + AS - 30

(iii) Acoustic Model for the Road Traffic Sources The FHWA formula Where: Leq(h) Equivalent acoustic level for the type i vehicles averaged in one hour, dB

L0 )E.-Averaged acoustic radiation level of the type i vehicles with the reference energy.

dB N, Flux of the type i vehicles passing the monitoring pointper hour Do Distance to the reference place, D0=15m D Distance from the monitoring point to the central line of the traffic lane, m Si Averaged speed of the type i vehicle, km/h T- Monitor duration, I h aX Coverage ratio of the ground

(D(@P 1 .CP)2 Modifier formula for the roads with a finite length AS Acoustic attenuation decrement caused by shelters, dB

(iv) Acoustic Model for Navigation Sources L = A + 10 Ig -V + 30 Ig --S 10 Ig -+d B 60 5 25 The prediction model -for navigation noise is presented in detail in tlhe Inforlmationl of Environmental Science. Feb. 1985. p16. Where: Leq Equivalent acoustic level at the monitoring point on the river bank. dB V Boat volume per hour S Averaged velocity of ships, km/h d Distance from the main navigation channel to the bank, m A Acoustic level at the monitoring point, dB B- Appended factor. related to whether there is a cabin on the boat or alert horns, dB

68 (2)Total Equivalent Acoustic Level

Leq 10 1I 0 .1Le4, i=l

Leqi Equivalent acoustic level of the acoustic source i at the monitoring point

4.3.3 Survey and Monitoring of Present Situation of Noise In order to predict the environmental impact of noise, the environmental situation at every facility or building should be known. So the arrangement of the residences around the construction site should be surveyed, and the background noise should be monitored completely. The monitoring was taken in daytime and nighttime in December 16 to 26. 2000. The results are given in Table 4.3-2. 4.3-3.

Table 4.3-2 General Environment around the Parking Lots

Range of 50mn Serial . Functional Background No. Name Site districts noise Nearest (dB) ~~~~~~~Other Number- of' distance to .. he residence sensilive families i m) buildings

Gr.cn Square Parking Lot in Shaoxing Spinning I Renming Road in Silk Factory at 2 55.0 80 10 the historical block present of YuIczi Citi A Parking Lot i 2 he historical bloc The warehouse of the 55.4 50 10 f Bazi Bridge Metal Company

West Parking Lot Refrigerating Food l 52.4 5 3 in the historical Factory at present block of Luxun

East Parking Lot in People's Arm Sanwei 4 the historical block Deple s prm l 55.S 28 5 Stud of Luxun Department at present Study Parking Lot in the entrance to the Former Residence Ham Factory at 9 46.5 82 5 of Wang Xizhi in present the historical block of Jishan Parking Lot in the Foreign Trade 6 historical block of' Copn-trsn 45.0 182 6 Xixiao River Company at present

Table 4.3-3 General Situation of Environment around the Old and New Draining Pumping Stations

haract NadFuncuont Background noise Range of 50m chers Nam. a - (dB) Number of ers Names .usu u, (dB)|Noise families TNearest distance to residence (m)

69 Exist-i Dongguo Draining Type I 61.2 ng Pumping Station To be Jishanmen Draining Type 3 47.6 8 6 built Pumping Station

It is known from the Table4.3-2 and Table 4.3-3 that the present noise at each point can all meet the standard except that in the first type region.

4.3.4 Analogous Monitoring and Survey In order to know the intensities of the acoustic sources and their attenuation rules under different conditions, a very good way is to carry out some analogous monitoring and survey of the related acoustic sources. Monitoring and survey were taken on January 4, 2000. The results are given in Table 4.3-4 and Table 4.3-5. Table 4.3-4 Analogous Monitoring and Survey of Pumping Stations

Serial Number of Flow capacity of Function Noise on the Seil Name Nmeof diversion water Idsrc boundarv Monlitoring site No. machines (m3/s) a] district (dB) M

INanmen I Nanmen22.02 2.0 1'ypi-ype 4 60.1 ~~~~~~~NortheastChengnanextreme Bridge of

2 Jianhu 2 2.0 Type 3 68.5 Jianhu residence

3Dongguo 2 2.0 1,YPC1 61.2 East of Tashan Agricultural 3 Iogu 2I. ye 12Trade Market Note: Noise on the boundary in Table 4.3-4 is the equivalent acoustic level in the place Im from the boundary in 20 minutes.

Table 4.3-5 Analogous Monitored Results of Navigation Noise on the Moat

Number of the passing ships in an Width he In front of the nearest residence hour Serial Survey of the Leq in Serial Surve., ofthe. Leqi'n Motor Motor Ships Dist. to No. point river one hour Moo Moo Ship Leq Functional (in) ship with ship with Fleet sailed by (dB distict House number the river _ni) oars cabin manpower (dB)_ district (m) Fengze Room 108, river in i rJivaenrhlun 48 70.4 25 1 3 67.9 2 Building 32, 8 Jianhu Residence Minizone

West Room101, 2 Huan-cheng 28 65.5 16 3 1 62.7 2 Building 7, cast 10 River Yuanmen ______District East 3(ihRoomlIOl , 3 Huan-cheng 45 68.0 13 alert) 3 63.2 1 Building 9. 28 River alr)___Fengyue Park____

4.3.5 Predicted Impact Assessment 4.3.5.1 Parking Lots There are 3 large parking lots listed in Table 4.3-2. They are the Green Square of Renmin road (the adde area of the square and the parking lot will be 15,350m2), the parking lot of the Refrigerating Food Factory and the parking lot of the People's Arm Department (totally 3,310m2 ). Their properties (for example, on the ground or underground, number of floors, etc.), numbers of parking sites, etc. were not shown in the engineering feasibility report.

70 During the prediction calculation, the data and results of the parking lots in the Wulin Square of Hangzhou. the parking lot of Foreign Tourism Company in Dongshan Lane of West-Lake District Hangzhou and the parking lot in Shengfu Road of Hangzhou are referenced. For the larger parking places (50-200 parking stalls). the equivalent acoustic level in 15m from the entrance in rush hour is 67dB while it is 62 dB in non- rush hour. based on the predicted results. Most parking lots in the projects will be located in the traffic conjunctions or the tourism sites. So the impact of traffic noise will be almost in daytime (6:00-22:00). The prediction impacts of the six parking lots are listed in Table4.3-6. From Table 4.3-6, the acoustic level of traffic noise in each parking lot surpasses the standard limitation of noise in the urban residence-function districts. There will be 430 families disturbed, so some measures should be taken to reduce the impact.

Table 4.3-6 Predicted Impact of the Parking lots

Impact on the nearest Functional district Range of 50m Do.tan e(mlAcoustic Standard in Number of Sensitive _ Distance(m) level(dB) Type davtimc(dB) families building Green Square Parking Lot in I Renming Road in the historical 10 62-67 2 60 80 block of Yuezi City _ A Parking Lot in the historical 2 hlock of Bazi Bridge 10 62-67 2 60 so (Warehouse of the Metal Company at present) West Parking Lot in thc historical block of Luxun 5 65-70 i 55 S (Refrigerating Food Factory at . present) East Parking Lot in the historical block of Luxun 65-70 1 55 2S (Pcople's ArmiiDepartment at npresent) Parking Lot in the entrance to the s Former Residence of Wang Xizhi s 6s-70 2 60 82 in the historical block of Jishan (1-lam Factory at present) Parking Lot in the historical 6 block ol Xixiao River 6 65-70 2 60 182 (Foreign Trade Company at present)

4.3.5.2 Pumping Stations and Draining Pumping Chambers One pumping station and three anchor gates will be built in the project. Other pumping station and anchor gates will be remained or extended. The noise impacts of the old stations or gates will not change a lot. So it is not predicted and assessed in this report (shows in Table 4.3-4). So, only the noise impact of the new pumping stations is assessed here. The acoustic level from a working gate control device of a pumping station is very high. But the gate control device does not work for a long time (It doesn't run every day and be operated only an hour per day). It is predicted that the acoustic radiation level in the place 50m far away will be 62dB.but within 50m around Jishanmen Pumping Station, there are 8 families. The nearest family is only 6m from the station. So the nearest family will be disturbed as following: The instantaneous acoustic level in daytime will be 68dB. and 16-hour equivalent acoustic level will be 56.4dB. Usually the pumping station will not be operated in nighttime. This pumping station is

71 located in the type 3 functional district and the standard limitation is 65dB in daytime. So the equivalent acoustic level will meet the standard. But the 68db instantaneous noise will be boresome to the residents. Therefore, some measures should be taken to eliminate the impact.

4.3.5.3 Piers and Ring-tourism Lines in the Urban Area If the boats are sailed by manpower, there will be no machinery noises. And the living noises do no harm to the environment. If there are some motor boats (for example motor boats with cabins), the noises at piers and during navigation will be produced. Since motor boats (without cabin) will certainly not used in the project, only the environmental impact of navigation noise from the boats with cabin is predicted.

The predicted results are: * The acoustic level will be 60dB 25m away from the central line of the river. It can meet the standard in the type 4 district. * If the river is only 20m wide, the equivalent acoustic level will add 4dB on the riverbanks. * When there are motor boats, it will increase 5dB. * When there are whistles of the boats, it will increase 2-5dB. * If the river is 2Cm wide, there are motor boats and with whistles, the equivalent acoustic level on banks will be 72dB. Thus it will exceeds 70dB, the standard limitation in daytime in the type 4 district. So if there are motor boats in the urban ring-tourism line rivers, some measures should be taken to treat it. The piers are similar with the parking lots, except the acoustic sources. According to the analogous survey of Wulinmen Pier in Hangzhou, the acoustic level 20m far from the pier is 62dB. The pier in the projects will be located at the cross of Jiefang Road and Qianguanxiang River. There are some residences near the pier. When there is no whistle, the predicted noise in front of the nearest residence will be 66dB. It can meet the standard in the type 4 district. But if the whistles around the pier are frequent happened, the acoustic level would reach 70dB or 71dB at that moment. Therefore, when some measures are taken to prohibit the whistles, the equivalent acoustic level near the pier can meet or close the standard limitation in type 4 district.

4.3.6 Noise Control Measures (I )Draining Pumping Stations and Anchor Gates * To use lower noise gate control devices and diving pumps * To equip a shock absorber on the gate chamber to eliminate the noise transferred by solid material. * To lay the pipelines of the pumping stations underground with enough depth, and to adopt streamline angle pipe to eliminate the striking noise of water. * To seal the gate chamber and the pump station, and to install soundproof doors and windows at the entrance and to keep the doors and windows being closed. (2)Piers and Aquatic Tourism Lines * To prohibit motor boats (no cabin) to enter the urban ring-tourism line. * To ameliorate the traffic signs of navigation, and to fix the "WHISTLE PROHIBIT" sign at sensitive sites.

72 * In order to reduce noises and ensure the safety of navigation, manpower boats are recommended, because the rivers in the urban area are very narrow, with a width of lOm or less mostly. If motor boats are adopted, it's better to use battery-driving boats instead of diesel-driving boats. Besides the reduction of noise, it can also eliminate oil pollution. Within 50m outside the Pier boundary, the houses of residences or other sensitive sites (such as schools. hospitals, kindergarten and old folk's home. etc.). should be removed. Some special houses, which can't be removed, should be installed soundproof doors and windows and some air conditioner. (3)Parking Lots Control Measures of the Parking Lots * To adopt underground or sealing parking lots. instead of open ones for the best. * To ameliorate the traffic signs of parking lots, "whistle prohibited" sign for instance should be fixed. Besides, the out-in vehicles shall go their own ways.

Control Measures for the Sensitive Sites The newN-built parking lots will be constructed on the land of some present factories or companies. It is proposed that while these units are removed, the houses of residences or other sensitive sites within 50m outside the parking lots boundary (such as schools, hospitals. kindergarten and old folk's home. etc.), should also be removed.

4.4 Impact Assessment on Biology and Countermeasures

4.4.1 Impact on the Terrestrial Plants and Countermeasures

4.4.1.1 Impact on Terrestrial Plants

The projects are benefit to improve the green coverage ratio and show the bio-diversity of the city. In the ancient urban area of Shaoxing. the densities of population and buildings are large and the vegetation coverage ratio is low at present. There are some problems about the present situation of green lands, such as little public green land, low per capita green land, singular species of the trees and the simple structure, etc. And among the five historical blocks (the Yuezi City, the Bazi Bridge, the Luxun Road, the Xixiao River and the Jishan) involved in this project, besides the Jishan Park in Jishan Block and Fushan Park in Yuezi City block with some concentrated natural vegetation system and public green lands, there are almost no other public green lands. And there are only a few\Asmall green lands in the residential areas and in units. In additoin, planting along streets is deformity and scarce. The trees along the streets are of singular species and most of them are svcamore and there are no layers. Green coverage ratio along rivers is also rather low. The projects will increase the green coverage ratio in the city, combining with the river treatment. the renovation of Gucheng, the preservation of cultural relics and the construction of pubic green land along rivers and streets. After the renovation of the inner rivers in Gucheng, some green belts will be built along the rivers. With removal of factories, The Renming Road Green Square will be built in Yuezi City block. And the Jishan Garden in the hometown of Wang Xizhi will be extended. In addition. some green land along streets will also be built (see Table 2.2-15). After the projects, the area of added green land will be 9.8ha. By selecting various plants and difterent structures of green lands, the green coverage ratio will be raised obviously and

73 the biological diversity will be appeared in the urban area. The construction amount is comparatively large in the projects. Land will be occupied temporary when the rivers are excavated, drainage pumping stations are built, pipelines (for water supply, natural gas and discharge sewage. etc.) laid, roads are widened, earth and stones are heaped and land is adjusted. So it will be unavailable that some trees along street and green plants in the, residential area and units are damaged. And some famous ancient trees might be damaged without strengthened protection. For instance, in the removal of Shaoxing Silk Factory. the old tree - camphor, beside the factory's apartments for the singles will be influenced by the construction of green land, square and parking lot. The famous ancient trees involved in the projects will be mainly in the Yuezi City block and the Luxun Road block. Totally there are 15 ancient famous trees (listed in Table 4.4-1).

Table 4.4-1 15 Ancient Famous Trees

Serial Protection Distributing No. . Name of tree Age(year) level

002 Camphor 700 Grade I Beside the apartments for singles of Shaoxing Silk- Factory

West door of Fushan Hill 003 Camphor 700 Grade I (Pangjiachi)

004 Camphor 700 Grade I Fushan Hill (Longshezui)

005 Tea 700 Grade I Penjin Park of Fushan

008 Osmanthus 500 Grade I In front of Yucwang Temple of fragrans Fushan Park Preservation 009 Elm 500 Grade I Area of Yuewang Pavilion of Fushan Park .______Yuezicheng

0011 Camphor 300 Grade I Fushan Hill (Longshczui)

0012 Camphor 100 Grade 11 Fushan (Huanshan Road)

0015 Camphor 100 Grade 11 Entrance to 254 Fuheng Street

0022 Jujube 100 Grade 11 Entrance to 254 Fuheng Street

0025 Ligustrum 100 Grade 11 Entrance to Penjin Park of lucidum Fushan

0029 Osmanthus 100 Grade 11 Area of local Shaoxing Administrative Agency 0029 fragrans conditions of Cultural Relics and customs 0035 Crimson 100 Grade 11 according to Shanwei Study Luxun

74 0037 Crvcas 100 Grade II Luxun Memorial

0039 Ofrran|s 100 Grade 11 Reception room Luxun Memorial

In addition, the exploitation of stone, sand, gravel may also impact terrestrial plants. During the rock quarrying. the ground vegetation will be damaged. The stone used in this project will be all outsourcing from the East Lake (in Shaoxing), Zhuji, Xinchang, Tiantai etc. The plants and the ecosystem will be damaged wherever the stones are quarried from and the damage will be perpetual.

4.4.1.2 Control Measures of Terrestrial Plants (I) During the renovation of the infrastructure in the Yuezi City and the Luxun Road historical blocks, the 15 ancient famous trees must be protected. Before the construction. it is necessary to confirm the ancient famous trees, which will be influenced, and to take measures to protect them. For example, between the construction site and the protected objects. isolation zones should be set or enclosures made of large nylon fabric should be built. At the same time, the preservation of the famous ancient trees should be supervised to insure the trees in good conditions. Special person must be appointed to take charge of the protection of these trees. And some worthy plants must be transplanted away from the construction site. After the construction the temporarily occupied land must be cleaned earnestly and the damaged plants must be recovered. Then the impact of the construction on plants will be reduced to the least. (2) The management of rock quarry must be enhanced to keep the exploitation in order. After a hill has been exploited. the plants must be renewed. In addition. the plants must be also recovered with suitable methods, e.g. filling soil in grids or planting seeds, on the deserted work-faces. (3) The species of the plants should be various during the planting work. According to the characteristics of land and the requirement of the landscape, evergreen plants must combine with deciduous plants. leaf-ornamental plants must combine with blooming plants and arbor combine with shrub and lawn. Thus the bio-diversity is embodied.

4.4.2 Impact on the Wild Animals Water pollution in Gucheng of Shaoxing is serious, so fishes are hard to live. Bird, mouse, frog and snake are the main wild animals in the range of the present EIA area and there are no rare wild animals. When the projects are carried out, the area of green land will increase. Black color and offensive odor occurred in the inner rivers will be eliminated. The whole ecosystem in the urban area will be ameliorated obviously. Some small wild animals will come to inhabit here by the attraction of blue sky, clean water and green land. Fish will wander in water again.

4.5 Impact Assessment and Countermeasures of Land Utilization and Soil Erosion

4.5.1 Land Utilization

75 4.5.1.1 Land Occupation (1) Perpetually Occupied Land of the Construction The scope of the occupied land in the project will be 8.32km2 , being used for buildings, squares and roads at present. And the five historical blocks will occupy lands about 30.11ha totally with 1.276x105 m2 of construction area. The area of the removed buildings will be 6.3x 105m2. After the completion of the construction, the land will be used for municipal infrastructure, business tourism and residence. Some green land will be increased. The occupied lands in this construction are listed in Table 4.5- 1. There will not be any cultivatable lands and woodlands perpetually occupied land in this project. The existing green lands will be remained or extended. The total area of green land will be increased and the area of new green land will be about 9.814xl04 m2 . (2) Termporarily Occupied Land of the Projects The area of the temporarily occupied land is not known at present. This part of the lands will be used for the earth stack, river dredging and widening, and new bridge, new pier building etc. The soil has to be piled up temporarily before transported away. In addition, there will some roads excavated and soil piled up when all kinds of pipelines are laid.

Table 4.5-1 Situations of the Perpetually Occupied Land

Perpetually occupied land

Serial Land utilization Planned Noe Items function of the Involved units Area oi Architect land ural area land(ha) (x 10 4m2) Renovation of the inner Little range, big River, green rivers in Gucheng number land 13 unites Green square, Renovation of including the parking, 2 infrastructure in the warehouse of 13.43 5.20 business, Yuezi City block Commodity culture, tourism, Yuezi City block Commodity residence, green Company land Renovation of The warehouse of 0.70 1.82 Residence 3 infrastructure in the Bazi Metal Compn .0 18 eiec Bridge block M mpany Renovation of 4 units including Parking, 4 infrastructure in Luxun Refrigeration 0.67 0.77 business, green Road block Food Factory land Renovation of 6 units including Parking, 5 infrastructure in the Foreign Trade 3.02 2.16 business, green Xixiao River block Company land Renovation of 7 uints including Parking, school. 6 infrastructure in the 7un incluin 12.29 1.05 road, residence, Jishan block Factory gHamreen land Total 30.11 12.76

76 4.5.1.2 Impact Assessment of Land Utilization The area of perpetually occupied land will be 30.11ha. and there will not any cultivatable lands and woodlands. But a little amount of land will be occupied temporary during excavation of the rivers and widening of the roads. There are no cultivatable lands and woodlands on both sides of the 17 rivers in Gucheng at present. So the occupied land in the projects area are that only used for the buildings of units, squares and roads. The current green lands will exist or be extended after the project. So the projects will not intensify the decrease tend of the mean area of cultivatable land. Although there will be some lands temporarily occupied in this project. they will be cleaned and recovered in time after the completion of construction by reinforced management. And this is a project for reconstruction of the urban infrastructures. The landscape and the townscape will be inspected. When the project is being checkled and accepted after the completion of the items and the general construction. Therefore, the impact of temporarily occupied land can be eliminated as long as the inspection of the general project and the subprojects are carried out completely.

77 4.5.2 Soil Erosion (1) Damages or Losses of the Water and Soil Conservation Facilities and Their Areas The existing soil and water conservation facilities of the projects will be reserved. During the treatment process of water environment, it is prohibited strictly to occupy the current rivers. The existing 3 water pumping stations, 11 sluices, I new water-translating station, 3 sluices will be all reserved, constructed of reconstructed. So there will be no spoilage of the soil and water conservation facilities. The projects will not occupy any cultivatable lands or woodlands, neither perpetually nor temporarily. So this project will not cause the loss of the area of soil and water preservation. (2) Amount of the Abandoned Earth In the projects, there will be about 3.2X 104m3 of earthwork during the river being dredged and excavated, which will become the abandoned earth except the available part. The amount of the abandoned earth was not illustrated, so it can only be regarded as 2.OX 104m3 at present. And 3 3 the temporary piled part will be 3.2 X 10 m . The treatment of the abandoned earth was supplied in the Feasibility Report of the Project that it should be transited to lower places in the suburb as the material of groundsill or land field. (3) Prediction of Possible Soil Erosion The projects are located in plain regions, so the intensity of soil erosion will not be large. The possible loss of soil is mostly the abandoned earth, which caused by the excavation of the rivers and the roads or by the temporary heaping of the earth. The projects will not cause large area of the uncovered working face, so there will not be great loss of earth there. Because the amount of the abandoned earth and heaped earth will not be big, the soil erosion caused by heaped earth eroding will be a little (less than 3 X 103m3 ) (4) The Impact of Soil Erosion The impact on the soil erosion includes: * Making the River Water Turbid and Affecting Water Quality If the soil and water from the excavation of the rivers and revetment earthwork flows into the rivers, it will make the rivers turbid and affect the water quality. When it rains, the abandoned earth from the excavation of the rivers or the roads and the ground in laying pipelines and other projects will be taken into rivers by the running-off water or underground water if not being carried away immediately or being heaped with improper covering. * Jamming the Drainage in the Urban Area Laying projects such as water supply, natural gas and sewage pipelines etc. are constructed, the earth will be heaped alone the lines. If it isn't carried away in time, it will be taken into the drainage pipelines when it rains. And the sands or sediments will deposit in the pipes, reducing the water flow section and affecting the discharge capacity of the drainage lines. Under the serious condition, the drainage lines might be jammed. * Generating Blowing Dust and Impacting on the Air Quality If the abandoned earth isn't carried away in time or covered properly, it will flow around with the rainwater and some of which will deposit. In the sunny and windy days, the deposited sediments will change into blowing dust by wind, and the city's air quality will be decreased. Now, the standard exceeding of TSP concentration in many cities mostly has a close relationship to the abandoned earth. * Influencing the City Visage and Destroying the City Scenery

77 If the abandoned earth isn't carried away in time, it will be spread about with the rainwater. In windy day, when it is taken into the air with the wind, it will influence the city's visage and destroy the city scenery. And the earth will reduce the visibility of the river water and destroy the waterscape if it is taken into the rivers.

4.5.3 Control Measures of Land Utilization and Soil Erosion (1) Land Utilization i ) The period of the construction should be shortened and the temporarily occupied area must be resumed in time. (ii) The temporary occupied area of the projects shouldn't occupy the existing greenery patches and it must be resumed immediately after the construction. If some greenery patches are occupied, it must be replanted with grass or trees to avoid the loss of the greenery patches. (iii) The plan of perpetual occupying area should be studied in details. The cultivatable lands and woodlands must not be occupied. To avoid the loss of greenery patches in the projects, the occupied greenery patches should be reserved after the construction. Besides the requirement of no loss area of total greenery patches after the construction, proper arrangement of greenery patches will be also necessary in some areas. (2) Conservation of Soil and Water i ) The earthwork should be balanced in design and construction. The excavated earth and stones should be filled back for the flatting. The abandoned earth should be properly dealt with. If the earth is lacking, the surplus stone of quarry could supply it. iii The projects must be constructed in installments and in batches. In order to shorten the time limit of single project, the projects shouldn't be constructed at the same time in the whole city. To reduce the soil erosion, the naked workin- face should be dealt with and the time of exposure must be shosrtened. (iii) In the construction site, \vhere the abandoned earth and temporarily borrowed earth are concentrated comparatively, some discharge ditches should be dug around it in order to avoid the soil erosion, in rain season. The slope gradient of the heaped earth must be small and the earth should be squeezed solidly. These measures can reduce the area of occupied land and the soil erosion caused by rainwater. (iv) The supervision of the construction must be sstrengthened and the education to the builders about the soil conservation should be improved. In order to reduce the soil erosion, the projects can't be constructed in storms.

4.6 Environmental Impact Bottom of Mud Treatment and Countermeasures 4.6.1 Environmental Impact of Bottom Mud Treatment

In the old area of Shaoxing. there are 17 rivers with a total length of 20.2 kilometers. In the rivers, the deposition is popular, which raises the riverbed. So the limpid water from suburb upriver can't flow into the rivers fluently. The water in the rivers has poor self-purification ability, and it is polluted seriously. In order to ameliorate water quality of the rivers and to form a beautiful scene, a renovation project of the river courses in Shaoxing will be carried out in Gucheng. and it is a sub-project of the project. In the project, the total 17 rivers will be dredged

7s 5 3 and widened. The total volume of the bottom mud will be about 2.0 X 10 m after evaluated. The dredging method is artificial dredging accompanied with machine dredging after the river courses are cofferdamed and the water inside is pumped away. The river dredging work of this project is being done. And there has been 50% dredging mud removed, with 100,000m3 left. There is a great amount of water in-the bottom mud generally. So when dredge work is done in the river reaches with bank slopes, the dredged mud shall be dried on the bank slope, and then transported to landfill site. And when it is in the river reaches without bank slope, the dredged mud shall be transported by enclosed vehicles. For example, it can be transported with vehicles or shouldered to the vehicles if the mud is at the unreachable sites for vehicles. Then the mud will be transported into the Sanjiang Solid Disposal Landfill Site after dried on the drying site, which is 12km away from the ancient urban area. Three sides of this landfill site are hills and the fourth side is farmland. And there is a concrete road linking the site to the outside. There is a village (the Sanjiang Village) 1.5km away from the site, with a population of more than 400. This land fill site has a capacity of 600,000m3 , with more than 100,000m filled. So there is enough space for the river bottom mud in the projects. And since the Sanjiang Landfill Site has a wide area, it is feasible to set a bottom mud drying region.

The main effects on the environment of the bottom mud disposal include: (1)The dredging will disturb the resident who lives close to the rivers. The bottom mud will emit effluvium when it is transported, and will be more serious in summer. When the temporary heaped bottom mud is dried up, it will generate blowing dust easily in sunny days after be scrunched. The moisture percentage of the bottom mud is high, so the mud wvill produce sewage when it is heaped temporarily. The sewage will affect the environment especially in rainy days. If the bottom mud isn't loaded properly, it will splash out alone the road and influence the scene. But all the effects above are temporary and will disappear after the projects. The enclosed vehicles used in the project will prevent the mud against dropping along the road. (2)As the time limit for the evaluation is too short, it is impossible to completely monitor the status quo of the bottom mud of all the rivers. According to the historical data, content of heavy metals in river's sediment is not high, but it is possible that the content will exceed standard in some small sect. If the concentrations of heavy metals in the bottom mud exceed standard, the water and soil nearby will be polluted with heavy metal under the effect of dissolve during the mud's heaping. If the bottom mud is used for crops-grow, the heavy metal will be absorbed by the crops and then impact the community health through food chains. (3)From the monitoring data, the river bottom mud can meet the standard of agricultural land-use generally. So the wastewater soaked from the mud can treated together with the that from the living disposal, since there is low metal concentration in it. And the treated water will have little impact on the environment.

4.6.2 Pollution Control Measures of the Bottom Mud (1) In order to reduce the impact on the resident when some of the bottom mud is temporarily heaped or transported, it should be put into straw bags, so that the flowing dusty will be reduced and the transport will be convenient. The heaping spots of the mud should be sufficiently far from the roads or separated by grooves to prevent the sewage spreading around in rainy days. The mud with large water content should not be carried by a lorry directly in order to avoid affecting the

79 sanitation of the road by the dropping water. The primary dried mud should be carry away immediately.

(2) The population in Gucheng is dense, so the rivers in this area accepted a lot of liviny sewage and also the total industrial wastewater. The dried bottom mud contains a lot of organic matters, macroelement and microelement, which the plant needs. On the other hand, it also contains some infectant, which is harmful to the environment. The volume of the bottom mud. which produced in this project, will be very large. In order to decrease the influence of bottom mud to the environment, the bottom mud with no harm by analysis should be comprehensive utilized. Some advice are listed as following: i ) Being sent to the greenery patches The bottom mud can send to the greenery patches as some effective fertilizer for the plant. The projects will strengthen the construction of the greenery patches in public area and along the roads. In the reconstruction of the old urban area, some greenery patches will be enlarged, so part of the bottom mud can be used. (ii) Being sent to croplands and woodlands Because of the long time use of fertilizer, the soil structure is destroyed and the degrees of fertility are dropped popularly in the whole province. It has been studied in many countries and regions to use bottom mud as a kind of organic fertilizer to ameliorate the soil conditions and a lot of profitable experiences have been gained. The test to use bottom mud in cropland shows that the mud has fertility to many plants and it can improve the plant's growth. The mensuration also shows that there is some heavy metal element accumulated in the soil of which the bottom mud is used. And the concentration of the amount of the metal element will be increased in crops after the mud is used. But it is still below the standard of food sanitation or some referred standard. So the bottom mud can be used as fertilizer to stimulate the crops growth. But the heavy metal will be accumulated in the crops and yo to the body by food chains. Therefore, the pollutants in the bottom mud should be mensurated prudently before it is put into the cropland. The mud can only be used in case that each factor of pollutant can meet Pollutant Control Standard in Agro-mud (GB4284-S4). In addition. the mud should be avoided being put into the vegetable or grain field. After the croplands and the plant are chosen, the best volume of the mud should be decided in the advanced study to make sure of the safety. The bottom mud can also fertilize the woodland and improve the wood industry.

(3) Although sediment-monitoring outcome of some sections in the old urban area can reach the standard of agricultural mud, the scope of this project large for monitoring outcome to include. Therefore, monitoring should be carried out section by section. The bottom mud of which the heavy metal exceeded the standard should be carried to the Trash Field of Shaoxing.

(4) The bottom mud transported into the Sanjiang Disposal Landfill Site will benefit the urban disposal to be landfilled, being a rather well way of disposition. But the landfill Site is a little far from the construction spot, with a inconvenient transportation. So the construction units may look for other ways for the mud. Therefore, the construction units shall be administrated strictly or the dredged mud will not be managed well. For example, during the former stage of the project, a perfect treatment plan of bottom mud shall be proposed with a balance table of produced amount and treated amount. Before the public bidding of invitation of construction, a strict contract shall be confirmed with the construction units to ensure the bottom mud treated

so safely. (5) After the dredging, widening and bricklaying of the inner rivers in the ancient urban area. the riverbanks will be steady and there will little soil loss. And the inner rivers will be scoured with clean diverted water. So there will not be obvious deposit in a short-term time. In order to avoid depositing and to ensure the environmental capacity and well water quality in the inner rivers, the departments of water conservancy shall survey the river courses periodically and dredge the mud if found.

4.7 Environmental Impact on Urban Scenery and Historic Relics and Protective Measures Shaoxing is one of the famous historic and cultural cities in our country and it is also a typical city for scenery with rivers and lakes. In far Neolithic Era, man had lived there. Goujian, The king of Kingdom Yue, rebuilt his country in a hard time and made Shaoxing the capital in 490 BC. In Donghan Dynasty the Mirror Lake was excavated. In 1130, Emperor Gaozong of Song Dynasty arrived in Shaoxing and made it as his temporary capital for one year and eight months. The rivers and bridges can be found everywhere in Gucheng. The streets are along the rivers and the rivers connect the bridges and roads. The houses have white walls and black roofs and the pavement is paved with stones, showing the special landscapes of a water city. With the process of the city's modernization and times changing, Gucheng has a great change on its whole aspect, but the general situation of the city has been reserved. Several historic streets and a lot of historic relics are also reserved. The five historic streets involved in the project are the well-protected sub-districts. There are different level preservation zones of cultural relics and historic relics. In detail: (1) River courses in Gucheng There are 17 existing rivers in the city and 22 bridges crossing these rivers in Shaoxing. These bridges are provincial or municipal protected cultural relics (Listed in table 4.7-1). They compose the special scenery of river, road and bridges in water city with the living houses along the rivers. (2) Historical blocks of Yuezi City Today's Shaoxing City is developed from Yuezi City. In Song Dynasty the master framework was formulated. The present Yuezi City in the Shaoxing urban center was the Yuecheng constructed by Minister Fanli, who was authorized by King Goujian in Chunqiuzhangou Era, about 2500 years ago. The existing CPU and Cultural and Relics Sites (CPP) in Yuezi City are: Goujian-small-town (Yuezi City): built in the fourth year of Emperor Goujian (490B.C.) Tomb of Wenzhong: re-constructed in 1981,City level CPU. Terrace of Emperor of Yue Kingdom: re-constructed in 1980 according to the original style, City level CPU. Pavilion of Wind & Rain: built to memorialize martyr Madame Qiujin (1930), City level CPU. Fusan Martyrs Tomb: built in April 1953 for the commemoration of 60 PLA soldiers, City lever CPU Inscriptions of Tang & Song Dynasties: 12 sites for Tang, Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties, City Level CPU. Feiyi Pavilion ( Wanghai Pavilion): re-constructed in 1998, City Level CPU. Ancestral Hall of Sunqingjian: local residence in Ming Dynasty. City Level CPU. Jingxiu Temple: Architecture of Qing Dynasty. City Level CPU. Ling Xiao House: jointly built by colleagues of trade association of paper tinsel in 1928. City Level CPU. Tablet Fuqinbaiquanqi: City Level CPP Tablet Qinbaiquanqi: City Level CPP

Table 4.7-1 Stone Bridges Collected in Various Levels of Cultural Preservation Unit (CPU) in Gucheng

Serial Level of No. Preservaion Category Name Era Address No. Preservation I Provincial Hydraulic CPU Facilities Guangxiang Bridge Yuan Beside Of Behai Bridge 2 Provincial Hydraulic Bazi Bridge Song Bazi Bridge Street CPU Facilities Bz Br Provincial Hydraulic Guannin Bridge Mino Changqiao Street CPU Facilities 4 City CPU Ancient Tisan Bride Qing No.66 Jisan Street Bridgee 5 City CPU Hydraulic Xiegong Bridge Qing West Of Xinhelong FacilitiesI 6 City CPU Hydraulic Longhua Bridge Qing Inside Of Dusi Gate Facilities cC 7 City CPU Hydraulic Fengyi Bridge Ming West Of Guanming Road

8 City CPU Hydraulic Baozhu Bridge Ming West Of Guangming Road _____ ~~~~Facilities 9 City CPU Hydraulic Baihuang Bridge South Of Fuzhi Street F'acilities 10 City CPU Hydraulic Xinlang Bridge Republic South Of Jiefangnan Road Facilities Hydraulic Jianan Bride Republic No.38 Jiafangnan Road II CitN' CPU Facilities innBd

12 Clty CPU Hydraulic Jinling Bridge Qing No.15 Shengli Road Facilities______

13 City CPU Hydraulic Dongshuang Bridge Republic Dong Street Facilities C 14 City CPU Hydraulic Jindou Bridge Qino Mid Of Wangchuenqiao Facilities River Side 15 Hydraulic Fangce Bridge Qing Mid Of Wangchuenqiao Facilities c Q River Side

16 City CPU Hydraulic Xiaojiang Bridge Qing North Of Beihou Street Facilities 17 City CPU Hydraulic Daqing Bridge Qing No.1 Daqingqiao Street Facilities

18 City CPU Hydraulic Nangxu Bridge Qing End Of Jiefangnan Road ______F ac ilities ______19 City CPU Hydraulic Xiannin Bridge Qing North Of Jisan Street Facilities______

82 20 City CPU Hydraulic Menjia Bridge Qing No.64 Duchongfang Road

21 City CPU Hydraulic Wangchun Bridge Near Dongshuan Bridge ______Fac ilitie s ______

22 City CPU Hydraulic Damu Bridge Republic No.126 Longsanhou Street ______Fac ilities ______

Baozhu Bridge: re-constructed in the 14 di year of Emperor Qianlong, Qing Dynasty (1794), City Level CPP Damu Bridge: Years in Republic of China, City Level CPP Longqu Spring: Years of Daoguang Emperor, Qing Dynasty, City Level CPP Wulong Well: "Wulong Well, situated an the peak of Wulong Mountain, gives very cold and clear water" by Annals of Shaoxiug Prefecture, City Level CPP Manong Well: built in 17"' year of Jiaqing Emperor, City Level CPP Xiyuan Garden: at around panggong pond. West of Wolong Mountain, to be restored.

(3) Historical blocks of Bazi Bridge

The historical blocks Bazi Bridge are the most typical and well-preserved waterside street in Shaoxing City. The Bazi Bridge is a beam type, stone and ancient fly-over bridge, and also the most famous one in Shaoxing. The unique model is also rare even throughout the country. The present existing relics and historical sites of CPU and CPP of Bazi Bridge historical blocks are in the followings: Bazi Bridge: re-constructed in Baoyou year 4 of South Song Dynasty (1256), repaired in Qianlong Year 48 of Qing Dynasty and further renovated in 1982, Provincial level CPU and being applying for national level. Guangning Bridge: re-constructed by Zhang Guisheng in Kangxi Year 3 of Qing Dynasty, Provincial level CPU. Dongshuang Bridge: the existed bridge was re-constructed in the Republic Period, City level CPP Catholic Church: Building of Republic period, City level CPU Longhua Temple: Building of Republic Period, City level CPU Ancient Well in Changnong Lane: by disciple Chenxiaozhong in July, in Tianqi Year 2 of Ming Dynasty, City level CPP Longhua Bridge: Qing Dynasty, City level CPP Fangche Bridge: Qing Dynasty, City level CPP

(3) Historical blocks of Bazi Bridge

The historical blocks Bazi Bridge are the most typical and well-preserved waterside street in Shaoxing City. The Bazi Bridge is a beam type, stone and ancient fly-over bridge, and also the most famous one in Shaoxing. The unique model is also rare even throughout the country. The present existing relics and historical sites of CPU and CPP of Bazi Bridge historical blocks are in the followings: Bazi Bridge: re-constructed in Baoyou year 4 of South Song Dynasty (1256), repaired in Qianlong Year 48 of Qing Dynasty and further renovated in 1982, Provincial level CPU and being applying for national level. Guangning Bridge: re-constructed by Zhang Guisheng in Kangxi Year 3 of Qing Dynasty,

83 Provincial level CPU. Dongshuang Bridge: the existed bridge was re-constructed in the Republic Period, City level CPP Catholic Church: Building of Republic period, City level CPU Longhua Temple: Building of Republic Period, City level CPU Ancient Well in Changnong Lane: by disciple Chenxiaozhong in July, in Tianqi Year 2 of Ming Dynasty, City level CPP Longhua Bridge: Qing Dynasty. City level CPP Fangche Bridge: Qing Dynasty, City level CPP

(4) The historical blocks of Lu Xun Road

This area is the place where Mr. Lu Xun used to live in his childhood. The existing relics and historical sites are as follows: Former Residence of Lu Xun: buildings of Qing Dynasty, including Baicao Garden, Sanwei Study etc., national important CPU, and listed as Former Residence of Celebrities in China. Sanwei Study: Building of Qing Dynasty. Part of Lu Xun's former residence. Changqing Temple: re-constructed in 1981. City level CPP. Ancestral Hall Tugu: building of Qing Dynasty, renovated in 1981, City level CPP. Xianhen Wineshop: reconstructed in 1981, City Level CPP Hengji Pawnshop: established by Xiaconyi in late of Qing Dynasty ( 1848-1919). only front gate existed, renovated in 1981, City level CPP.. Yu's Garden: private garden of Yu's family in Qinu Dynasty, city level CPP.. Zhou's Stage Gate: building of Qing Dynasty. City level CPP.

(5) The historical blocks of Xixiao River

This is one of the intact traditional districts area still existing in Shaoxing urbanss area. In the mid of this district, both Xixiao River and Xixiao Road passing through. The mid-Xixiao River connects with Xinghe Lane. Both south and north ends of Xixiao River connect with the river-net. There arc a lot of relics and historical sites there. The exisfing relics and historical sites in the area are as follows: Lu's Mansion: Minister Luben's mansion houses in the Jiajing years of Ming Dynasty, Provincial level CPU. and one of biggest building groups of Ming Dynasty in the province. Datong School: originally an ancient academy and turned to be a warehouse in Qing Dynasty, reconstructed in 1980 and opened up since 1982, provincial CPU. Guyue Library: built by the contribution of the gentleman Xushulan in Guangxu Year 28 of Qing Dynasty (1902). Provincial CPU, also the earliest library in China. Guangxiang Bridge: the existing bridge was re-constructed in 1341(Yuan Dynasty) and further renovated in 1567 (Ming Dynasty) and was repaired in 1982. Provincial CPU. Ruins of the Former Residence of Wang Shouren: mansion of the Minister of Defense Wang Shouren ofter she moved to and lived in Shaoxing in Ming Dynasty. Only stone torii, pavilion for drinking. Wangya Pond and meteorological observation platform are existed now, City level CPU. Xiegong Bridge: re-constructed in Kangxi Year 24 of Qing Dynasty, City level CPP.

(6) The historical blocks of Jishan

This district is famous in the country mainly because the great sage of calligraphy Wang Xizi

84 in the North-south Dynasty of Wei and Jin. There are numerous cultural relics and historical sites relevant to Wang Xizi there. For example, Bifei Lane, Bijia Bridge and Duopo Lane, etc. The existing relics and historical unites are in the followings: Former Residence of Cai Yuanpei: buildings of late Ming Dynasty. The gate, hall and wing-rooms were restored in 1987. Provincial level CPU and listed as one of the Former Residences of Chinese celebrities. Former Houses of Wang Xizi: only the gate, main hall, wing-rooms are existed. They were restored in Year 13 of Republic Period (1924). In the hall, there are 4 tablets built in the main hall. They were built in the Xianfeng and Guanxu Years of Qing Dynasty. The gate, the main hall and the Ximo Pool were repaired in 1983, City level CPU. Tishan Bridge: the existing bridge was re-constructed in Daoguang Year 8 Qing Dynasty, City level CPU. Mural of Taipintianguo in Tanhua Stage Gate: building of Ming Dynasty. The 6 pieces of mural were painted during Xianfeng Year 11 and Dongzhi Year 2 of Qing Dynasty (1861-1863) when the revolutionary army of the Taipintianguo garrisoned in Shaoxing. City level CPU. Dongchongsheng Inscription: Tang Dynasty, City level CPU. Jishan Hill: Thie Annals of Jiatai Kuaiji "Jishan is situated 61i and 107 steps north-west of the city, and is under jurisdiction of Shanyin. In ancient scripture, it was said, Emperor of Yue Kingdom liked the fern (Ji, in Chinese) and picked fern up in this hill, the name of this hill was derived". Jishan, also be called Wangjia Hill and Jiezhu Hill, City level CPU. Xianning Bridge: Qing Dynasty, City level CPP. Xiaojiang Bridge: built in the year of Republic, City level CPP.

4.7.1 Environmental Impact on the Urban Scenery and Historic Relics and Protective Measures

4.7. 1.1 Advantageous Environmental Impact on Urban Scenery and Historic Relics

The water quality is aggravated and the green land is lacking in Gucheng currently. The population in the five historical blocks is dense and the land utilization is disordered. Most of transitional buildings are low and shabby, which affect the urban scenery and the protection of the historic relics. The projects are advantaged for the protection of the urban scenery and the historic relics in the five historical blocks. (1) If renovation of river courses in Gucheng completed, the scenery with homeland of rivers and lakes will be shown. Hills, rivers, roads, bridges, water-streets, piers, buildings, gardens and historical relics will be unified harmoniously and naturally. The roads will be along the rivers and the bridges connect the streets, which forms variable frames. The city will be featured in "one street with one river", "one river with two streets" or "one river without street". Stone pavements and lanes will surround the beautiful architecture, of which the walls will bes white and the roofs are black. And the arch bridges and piers will be closed. Therefore, the tranquil and elegant atmosphere of the water countryside will be promoted. After the reconstruction of the inner rivers in Gucheng, there will be more green land and clean water. The more important is that a river net will be formed connecting the scenery sites and lineal waterway. The river net will include the main canals such as the Fu River and Dalu Rive, and the sub-canals, such as Huanshan River and other rivers. The really typical scenery of water countryside will be present. The beautiful scenery of "Walk on the shading hill roads is like to

85 travel in the mirror" and "Jade-like banks with small black-roof boats" will emerge in the front of the tourists. Then, if people travel by a boat, they will enjoy the clean rivers and the green trees and will be relax. People can also appreciate the scenery of the historical culture and the traditional customs with a leisure and comfortable flavor. In the ancient city. the rivers flow meekly, and the scenery of "The Eastern Venice", perhaps not inferior to that of Venice. (2) The reconstruction of the urban infrastructure will be to improve the urban infrastructure and the living environment, to build squares, greenery patches, and to protect and repair the historical relics, ancient architecture, ruins etc. The most important will be to show the long history of Gucheng. and to present the dense atmosphere in watery city and the profound culture. When people are charmed by the fascination or follow the great man's footprint. it will make them to appreciate the culture and discover the history slowly, and some sense may be apperceived. Thus the tourism resource will be enriched and the taste of the city will be improved. And the scope of knowing will be enlarged. too. The main character of the city appearance after the reconstruction of the five historical blocks in Gucheng will be: 01 Long History

The Preservation Area of Yuezi City: today's Yuezi City was the Yue Town constructed by Minister Fanli authorized by King Goujian in Chunqiuzhangou Period, about 2500 years ago. Although suffering from various kinds of tribulation and be destroyed several times, there are still relics and historic sites such as Tomb of Wenzhong and relics from Tang and Song Dynasties left as a witness of Yue culture. The preservation and protection of the Yuezi City, based Fushan, will enable the civilization with a long history of several thousands of years of Shaoxing to extend objectively in people's mind.

( Costful Historical Remains

The historical blocks of Lu Xun Road: the four cultural preservation units have a real history. From Baicao Garden to Wanwei Study and from Zhou's Family's Stage Gate to Former Residence of Lu XLin, every relic is the witness of the history and the memorial of the great man. They are the kernels of the preservations in this area, and they form the precondition of entitlement of this historical area. The historical blocks of Jishan Hill: the two important cultural preservation units in this area are the relics of the great artiste in current era and in ancient era. Especially there are many stories about the sage of calligraphy Wang Xizhi and some streets are named by these stories, e.g, Duopo Lane, Bifei Lane and the name of a bridge: Bijia Bridge. The story about his residence how to become into Jiezhu Temple is also meaningful.

( Profound Atmosphere of Watery City

The historical blocks of Yuezi City: east to the preservation area of Yuezi City, along Huanshan River and Hongqi Road, the traditional style residences are still preserved perfectly. The area along both sides of Huanshan River is the only place in Shaoxing where the feature "river without roads" has been preserved. The atmosphere of "Small bridge, flowing water and living household" is fully realized here. The local special style of residences with stage gate is preserved well. The vision effect of whitewashed wall and dark tiles and the frame of "road is in the front while the river is in the back" will make the scenery more beautiful.

86 Hongqi Road is about 5-6 meters wide, and the style of living houses is harmonious with the residence in the west side of Huanshan River. Fu Bridge and Jiuwu Bridge connect each other through Baozhu Bridge. Though there are main-water lines in the area, but the resident still use underground water and river water, the customs are very profound. The historical blocks of Bazi Bridge: In Bazi Bridge Water-side Street, bridges connect with the streets, the local resident houses maintain exactly the special feature of homeland of rivers and lakes along the river. The space structure of the streets and lanes shows an excellent representation of the traditional style for "One river with two streets" in the homeland of rivers and lakes. The residents still keep a lot of habits of living by waterside. The folkway intention of Yue Culture is contained in both sides of the waterside street and shows a vivid living picture in the homeland of rivers and lakes. The historical blocks of Lu Xun Road: The scenery of "residence near rivers", "'water lanes and small bridges" will be fully shown in this area. The area along the Dongxianhuan River is a typical traditional water-street arrangement of "one street with one river". The things that are under the works of literature by writer Lu Xun can be found such as: Henji Pawnshop. Changqing Temple, Ancestral Hall Tugu, Xianhen Wineshop, Baicao Garden, Sanwei Study etc.

( Excellent Forms of Traditional Residence

The historical blocks of Lu Xun Road: The stage gate is the architecture form of traditional residence and can present the typical style of Shaoxing mostly. The well preserved stage gates in this area mainly includes: Zhou's Stage Gate, Former Residence of Lu Xun, Zhu's Stage Gate, Cheng's Stage Gate, Yu's Garden. These residences were designed specially to fit the specific environment, with the unique technique on space treatment, forming the unification and the variance of formats. The more important is, this style of architecture reflects the life style under the special historical and regional conditions. In this sense, the architecture could not only be protected superficially. The historical blocks of Xixiao River: Xixiao Road is a typical road with river paralleling. The residences are built by the waterside. Many traditional "Water intimating" living styles are still preserved. For example, stage gated buildings are mostly used for the resident in the street area, Courtyard residences with compound yards have an in-depth arrangement, where small yards and lanes are utilized for space establishment with suitable dimension, and very flexibly, giving a high infiltration to the building. Those river piers, stone revetments, green stone lanes, small dark tiles and whitewashed wall with dark bricks which can be seen everywhere and a leaf of small sailed boat reveal inspiration of the homeland of rivers in Gucheng. The historical relics spread out in the area such as Lu's Mansion, Datong School, Guyue Storey for Book Collection, Wang Yangming Meteorological Observation Platform, Former Residence of Liu Zongzhou, Xiegong Bridge, Wangya Pond etc. Not only these relics but also the common lanes as Manong, Wangnong etc. take notes of the history. The historical blocks of Jishan Hill: The architectural style of the towns in the south of Yangtze River is well preserved in this street area. Walking along the streets of West Street, Bifei Lane, Ju Lane, Xiaoshan Street, Jishan Street, people will become aware of the town's prosperity in the former days. The buildings alone the streets are mostly two-floor houses, and the main street is 6 meters wide while the common road is only I meter. From the "Guan Dao" (a type of big road built by the authorities) to the "Path paved with black stones", everything shows a scene the street in the time of later Ming Dynasty and earlier Qing Dynasty. People can experience the life of the

87 time and find the footprint of the famous person. The residents in Shaoxing had mostly big families before and their houses had stage gates. So there are many this type of residences preserved between West Street and Ju Lane. Of the old buildings, " Tanhua Stage Gate" and " Gaojia Stage Gate" are the two well-known historical relics CPP. ® Charming Natural Scenery The historical blocks of Yuezi City: Fushan Hill is famous by its beautiful mountain forest. And there are bamboo and peaches allover, tea trees are planted in autumn, pines in winter and flowers in spring. being a much sequestered area. The new constructed Feiyi Building becomes the focus of the city. There is much thick vegetation in the hill with pavilions and terraces built in different eras in the shadow of trees. As a park. Fushan Hill became a public green area enjoyed by the citizens of the city after its reconstruction. Every day. there are almost ten thousands of people do morning exercises in the park. (© Profound Culture The historical blocks of Yuezi City: Fushanheng Street, Guangming Road and Fushangzhi Street lie to the east and south of Fushan Hill and they are the main streets in the ancient Yuezi City Town. After the City Hall moved into Fushan. these roads became the main routeways of the ancient Yuezi City Town overland and along the roads the town was developed. The roads were paved with black stones before and the shops and houses were aspectant. so the streets along the roads have the traditional respect of ancient small town at present. The Fushanzhi Street is at the rising line from far to Yuewang Platform on Fushan Hill. The narrow and long lanes, the engravings on the windows and wood doors are all showing the profound and rich culture of the wvhole Yuezi City. The historical blocks of Lu Xun Road: There are a lot of litterateurs and writers in the history of Shaoxing. The value of the streets is added because of Lun Xun. There stand some culture units such as Lun Xun Library. Lun Xun Memorial Hall, Children's Arts-school etc. Commercial activities also have the color of culture. The shops of calligraphy and pictures and antiques can be found everywhere. The air ot' country life is full-bodied with the local wine. When people come here, they can not only visit a lot of historical relics and vestiges but also appreciate the country town with the stone pavements, black roof boats and the bean of aniseed in Lu Xun's works.

4.7.1.2 Disadvantageous Impact on the Urban Scenery and the Historical Relics The disadvantageous impact on the urban scenery and the historical relics from the urban infrastructure reconstruction projects has in three aspects as followed: (I) There are total 22 stone bridges listed in CPU and CPP at various levels in Gucheng. When the rivers are excavated, dug and broadened, or the banks and piers are constructed or repaired. there will be some influences to the bridges, such as damaging the bridge surface and the bridge's stability, etc. (2) When the rivers are excavated and broadened, some new bridges will be constructed, some pumping stations will be built, pipelines will be laid and five The historical blocks will be reconstructed. There will be some possible disadvantageous impact will be put onto the historical relics and ancient tombs underground that haven't be discovered. (3) Whether the new constructed bridges, pumping stations, architecture, greenery patches and pavement are harmonious to their surroundings will affect the urban scenery.

4.7.2 The Protective Measures of Urban Scenery and Historic Relics

To ameliorate the urban scenery and to protect the historic relics, the main protective measures are: (1) When the projects are designed, the protection of these stone bridges whether they are listed in the CPP and CPU at all levels or not, must be considered to avoid the influence of the construction. During the construction of the rivers, the 22 stone bridges built in different eras should be protected and repaired for current use. Before the constructions, a construction plan shall be proposed for each particular bridge in order to ensure the bridge's safety and stability. (2) Guanxiang River will be excavated. Romengang River and Guiyuanfan River will be cut through. Lun Xun River, Fu River. Xianhuan River will be broadened. The four bridges over GuanXian River will be built. So, there will be a lot of earth to be dug. All these constructions at these spots and around them the construction of town buildings, public facilities and roads will be very frequent. Therefore, despite there is little possibility to destroy historical relics during river filling, great watchfulness must be put into the construction because the city' long history. The education to the monitors and builders about the protection of historical relics should be strengthened. Once found some evidence of historical relics and ancient tombs, it should be reported to the local department of historical relics protection in time and the spot should be guarded. The protection measurers should be carried carefully, such as modifying and changing the design and plan according to the advice and requirements from the department of historical relics protection. (3) The circumstance along the rivers should be renovated synthetically and the obstacle must be dismantled. Beside the rivers such as Jinggangmiaoqian River, Toumiao River, Guiyuanfan River etc., greenery patches must be constructed and the buildings with poor looking should be hidden with high trees with broad leaves. (4) The badly eroded banks that are out of repair in long time should be reconstructed and renewed in order to ameliorate the aspect of the riversides. (5) The designs of new bridges and pumping stations, the urban plans and the construction of greenery patches should be all demonstrated extensively or be proclaimed in newspapers to collect the public's advice to perfect. It is the best to build bridges with stone. The bridges and the traditional patterns of residences surrounding the bridges and the streets of water town should be harmonized. The atmosphere of "Small bridges, flowing water and living household" should be realized. The pumping stations can be built as a garden and they must be assorted with the surroundings, which will make the city more beautiful.

4.8 Emigration and Settlement Analysis and Countermeasures

The total number of families to be emigrated will be 1127 and the land area used by the emigrated units is totally 301,00Gm 2. The people to be emigrated in each sub-project are listed in Table 2.2-16. From the Table 2.2-16, it can be concluded that every sub-project has emigration. But the biggest is an emigration of 483 families in historical blocks of Yuezi City. And the others will be

89 below 200 families. The scales of emigration of the projects will be small. The emigration in the projects will be carried out according to the Official Document No.55 [94], promulgated by the People's Government of Zhejiang Province and Official Command No.32[99] Methods for Implementation of Settlement and Compensation for Removing Houses in Area of Shaoxing City. The directions for the settlement of emigration are normally Xiangyangyuan in the Economic Development Zone at the eastern part of the city. Kuaigeyuan at the western part of the city, East Village of Leyuan at the north parts of the city. They are the zones of the State Residential Project featured with excellent living environment, completed urban utilities and infrastructure, such as primary school, hospital. kindergarten. etc. The administration of their real estates is complete and the traffic is convenient. The price of the houses is 1700 Yuan/mi2 on the whole. At present. the compensation fee for the emigrated residents involved in the Shaoxing Urban Infrastructure Reconstruction Project is totally predicted 290.000.00RMB. In the ancient urban area, the removed families are compensated and resettled by the way of capital. As investigated, the living space per capita was less than 8m primary and the minimum is 8m2 according to the emigration standard. One small family with 1-2 persons will have 21m2 buildings. with self-contained sanitation utility. So their living condition will be improved. And the standard of compensation will be ascertained according the reset price of the buildings. Based on the analysis of the information from questionnaires that the public filled, most residents are satisfied with the environment condition in the new constructed region good, the corresponding instruments perfect. the traffic convenient and the living level improved to some extent. ln addition, the residents are satisfied with the current standard of settlement and the place of settlement or to some extent.

90 5 Substitute Projects

There are still 17 rivers existed in the ancient city of Shaoxing. The main problems in the river courses in the ancient city are: * Serious sedimentation in general, some even blocked up such as Luomengang, Guiyuanfan River, etc; * Lack of special features for revetment and some sections fail of repair over years long; * Some portion in the ancient area still does not have any sewage interception engineering. thus untreated sewage from industry and living being directly poured into the river courses, which worsen the water quality in the rivers. Water quality in most section of river courses is lower than that of GradelV standard. Major items that exceed standards are dissolved oxygen, indicators of permanganates, bio-chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen and total phosphorus. * The river bed of the rivers inside the city are higher than those in suburb rivers which causes inability of clear water inflow into the city from upstream of the rivers. The poor self-purification capability of the rivers leads to the serious pollution of water in the rivers even with emergence of black color and offensive odor. Although flushing of river courses by pumping water has been used, it could not thoroughly solve the pollution problem of the rivers; * There are although a few illegal buildings along the rivers which not only narrows the river courses but also destroy the scenery of revetment and greatly influences the beauty-of the rivers. So the schemes made out by the department of design in the Feasibility Report of the Project on the Inner-rivers courses renovation Project is feasible. The water quality in Gucheng of Shaoxing can be upgraded from below standard N up to standard l[I-IV,and the target of "clean water" can be achieved. So there is no other schemes could substituted the project of sewage interception systems of Gucheng. In the Preservation Area of Yuezi City, the Preservation Area of Bazi Bridge Water-side Street, the Preservation Area for Local Conditions and Customs According to the Writings of Famous Writer Lu Xun, the Preservation Area for Style of Homeland of Rivers & Lakes in Xixiao River and the Preservation Area of Former Residence of the Sage of Calligraphy Wang Xizhi, there are some serious environmental problems such as: (1) The living condition is deteriorated which makes the residence of these areas shabby and dangerous little by little. In the ancient streets the population is dense and the space is narrow, which brings a lot of unprompted buildings that are constructed by the residents themselves. The traditional residences were mostly constructed with wood and bricks, so they are far away from the modern culture. These areas are becoming the places filled with danger and simple houses in the city. (2) The kinds of land utilization are complex and out of order and the living condition is poor in the blocks In the historical blocks, the industrial buildings and the shabby storage buildings are mixed with the residences, the greenery patches and the broad space are lacking here. This condition is not benefit to the body & mind health of the residents. (3) The traditional streets can not meet the communication requirement in modern times The traditional street framework has been developed in compliance with the traditional mode of production and living condition. Following the rapid development of modern communication.

91 both dimension and framework of the traditional streets are affected. Various kinds of engineering pipes and wires could not be installed in the narrow street lanes and the traffic requirement of vehicles could not be satisfied. (4) The contradiction between social and economic development and the traditional life style is sharpened gradually The infra-structural facilities in the local traditional residences are incomplete. Because they possess the new ideas, the new generation residents would prefer to live in a complete set of apartment rather than in those old houses with "small bridge, flowing water and household". Without a complete reformation of the traditional street area, probably there will be no person to live in the areas several decades later. The preservation of traditional scenery will be impossible either. To solve these problems and protect the historical relics in the five historical blocks, it is necessary to reconstruct the urban infrastructure so that the typical scenery of homeland of rivers and lakes in Shaoxing can be shown conspicuously. When the urban infrastructure is reconstructed, the traffic condition and living condition will be ameliorated, the historical relics repaired and the land utilization is regulated. Gucheng of Shaoing will be in conformity with the name of "Historical and Cultural City". And then, Gucheno will be reserved with the ancient style and the profound cultural tradition. And the city will have neat roads and beautiful environment full of the peaceful atmosphere. The Urban Infrastructure Reconstruction Project of Shaoxing contains many eftective measures that can not be replaced. It will improve the water quality in rivers, show the historical and cultural features of Shaoxing City, ameliorate the living quality and protect the historical relics, archaeological structures and tourist attractions etc. However, when the sub-projects are designed, the proper scale and technique should be chosen carefully. These problems should be compared synthetically and solved in the primarv desion and the environmental impact assessment according to the actual situation of economy, technology and environmental protection etc. For instance, in the river dredging project, 100.00Om 3 sullage will be produced. And it orioinally planned to deliver the sullage to Dawuao Urban Trash Field and depose it there. Dawuao Urban Trash Field locates in a hill cove of Pingshui Town, 30Km far from the old urban area. Up to now, it doesn't have much capacity and quite far for transportation. So it's probable to induce the secondary pollution during the transportation process. In addition, another important cause is that Pingshui Town locates in south of the city, i.e, the upstream of the river. So the waste water from the trash field will probably pollute the river and cause a bigger pressure to the urban water system. In terms of it, it is suggested the sullage transport to Sanjiang Trash Field and landfilled. Sanjiang Landfill Site is 12Km far from the old urban area and it's the urban trash field of Shanxing County. It surrounds by hills in three directions. The nearest resident area, Sanjiang Village is 15Km far from the mouth of the cove. Its total capacity is 600,000m3, in which 500,000 mI remains at present. So the sullage can be accepted. And a more important reason is that Sanjiang Trash Field is quite near to the Urban Waste Water Treatment Plant. So after the primary treatment the waste water can be delivered to depose in the Urban Waste Water Treatment Plant and then discharged directly. So its pollution to the river system will be alleviated. Therefore, it's recommended the project of sullage burying in Sanjiang Trash Field in this report.

92 6 Benefit Analysis on the Environment and Economy

6.1 Benefit Analysis on the Social Environment

The projects are planned: * To ameliorate the sewage treatment system of the city and increase the living sewage interception rate; * To reduce the pollutant discharge into the rivers; * To improve the water environmental quality of the scenery sites; * To improve the environmental quality of the whole city. So the projects have obvious social benefit which can be embodied in the following aspects:

(1)To Improve the Economic Development of Shaoxing Gucheng is the political, economic and cultural center of Shaoxing City. The current urban is developed based on the ancient one. The per capita GNP is about 20,284 Yuan in the urban area and it is about 12% more than 18,042 Yuan, the averaged GNP value of the whole city. The amelioration of the city's environment and the reconstruction of the urban infrastructure will improve the economic development, and will upgrade and adjust the industrial structure. The economy of the whole Shaoxing City will be developed by the development of Gucheng.

(2) To Influence the Urban Land-value and Real Estate in the City The value of the urban land is mainly determined by its location, the maturity of the infrastructure and the situation of the environmental quality. The projects are located at the urban area of the city, being the commercial center according to the Amended Master Plan of Shaoxing City. And based on the relevant data, the profit from the urban land is 1-2 times higher than that from the suburb land with a same area. Besides, according to the evaluation by the relevant departments, after the amelioration of reconstruction and environment, the land-value in the whole city will be raised 2.321 billion Yuan (Counted for 15 years).

(3) To Improve the Tourism of the City Shaoxing is a famous tourism city in South China. She has a long history, beautiful scenery of water countryside and a lot of celebrities. Many domestic and foreign tourists are attracted by the vivid characteristic of tourism. The scenery sites such as Bazi Bridge Water-side Street, the Former Residence of the Sage of Calligraphy Wang Xizhi, the Former Residence of Lu Xun, Yuezi City, the Former Residence of Zhou Enlai etc. concentrate in the city. In addition, there are Dayu Cemetery, Xianglu Hill, Lanting Pavilion, East Lake etc. around the city. At present, the total fare for all the important scenery sites is 152 Yuan. There were about 2,700,000 Domestic tourists and 3,6000 foreign tourists per year in the city. The per capita consumption of the domestic tourists in Shaoxing was 719 Yuan in 1998, and that of the foreign tourists was 184 US dollars. After the completion of the projects, the number of tourists will increase by 5% for the improvement of the urban environment. Therefore, their consumption will increase more than one hundred million Yuan every year.

(4) To Solve the Contradiction between Preservation and Development of the City Shaoxing is a famous cultural and historical city. In Chunqiuzhangou Period, it was already famous as the Yue Kingdom. In the city, the Former Residence of Lu Xun is a national level

93 cultural preservation unit. Bazi Bridge, GuangNing Bridge and Datong Study etc. are provincial level cultural preservation units and a lot of city cultural preservation units. In these years, the contradiction between preservation and development is very obvious. The projects will ameliorate the environment around the cultural preservation units and repair the residences, built in Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasties. Also the projects will remove some residents to the suburb and improve the traffic condition. And it will enlarge the drainage capability and strengthen the ability of disaster control and prevention of the city. Besides, it will recover the traditional cultural pattern and will thicken the profound atmosphere of culture.

6.2 Benefit Analysis on the Natural Environment

The projects are the improvements in the urban environment. And they will improve the drainage ability and the water quality, and ameliorate the ecosystem.

(1) To Improve the Drainage Ability After the construction of sewage interception, 17.78 km long of new sewage pipelines will be built, living sewage of five historical blocks which is 9641m3 /d will flow into net of pipes for sewaage discharge to increase the ability' to prevent pollution.

(2) To Improve the River Water Quality The projects will reduce 4.2t/d of CODc, discharge and increase 1900kg/d of the environmental capacity of CODCr by intercepting the sewage and importing some clean water. So the water quality of the rivers will be improved from currently worse than Grade IV up to Grade IV. And the wvater will be in conformity to the requirement of the scenerv. The occurrence of black and off-flavor will disappear in the river.

(3) To Enlarge the Area of Green Land. Green land is the lunge of the city. After the projects, the public green land will increase 9.8ha approximately'. The green land can beautify the environment and adjust the local mini climate. In addition, it has the environmental effect such as absorbing the flowing dust and exhaust gas and increasing the oxygen and anion in the air.

6.3 Benefit Analysis on the Economy

The total investment of the projects is 1.05136 billion Yuan, from which the Word Bank's loan is 39.575 millions USA dollars. After the projects, its main income will include (1) The deducted part of the net income from the tickets of the scenery sites; (2) The financial subsidization from the govement of Shaoxing. etc. Based on the finacial evaluation, the internal profit rate will be 19.2%. So the projects have a good benefit economy.

6.4 Gross Control of Pollutant Discharge

In 2001 in the ancient urban area, the resident population was 150,000, with sewage discharge 40.840.000 tons and CODcr discharge 12.252 tons. And in 2001 the volume of wastewater which delivered to the waste water treatment plant through the sewer network Was 26,180,000 tons. with 3141 tons CODcr reduced. After the completion of this project, the planned

94 population in the ancient urban area will be 100,000 and the waster water discharge will be 21,900,000 tons a year. So at that time the discharge of CODcr will be 6570 tons a year. Considering the ratio of sewage interception be 70%, the volume of waste water delivered to the waste water treatment plant will be 15,330,000 tons a year with 1839 tons CODcr reduced a year. The present population in the four historical blocks involved in this urban reconstruction project is 26488. And the planned is 19267 after the project. The present waster water discharge is 2,053,000 tons a year, and 3,519,000 tons a year after the project. The present discharge of CODcr is 615.9 tons a year, and 1055.7 tons a year in the future. Now the waste water collection network in the four historical street is not yet completed and the waste water is discharged to the inner rivers. In the future, if the ratio of waste water collection be 70%, then the discharge of CODcr to the inner rivers will be 316.7 tons a year, 299.2 tons a year less than the present discharge. In terms of the ancient urban area, the total discharge of CODcr to the inner rivers will be 1971 tons a year, 2427 tons less than the present discharge 4398 tons a year. While in terms of the historical blocks involved in this reconstruction project, the total discharge of CODcr is 615.9 tons a year, less than the total discharge 760.1 tons in the future. So the discharge of pollutants will be increased. But the discharge of CODcr to the inner rivers will be 316.7 tons a year, much less than the present discharge to it. So it shows the water quality in the inner rivers will be improved.

95 7 Setting of the Organizations and Plan of the Environmental

Monitoring and Control

The projects will have some impact on the environment in the stages of construction and operation. To reduce the disadvantageous influence, some environmental control measures should be executed. The environmental management must be strengthened in order to make the economy be developed sustainable with the environmental development in harmony. Thus, the construction of the projects could reach the state regulations of economical development and the environmental construction.

7.1 Environmental Management and Supervisory Organization

According to the management rights that endowed with Environment Protection Act of PR China and Management Ordinancesfor Environment Assessment on the Constructions, the EIA report of the projects should be approved by the National Environmental Protection Bureau (NEPB) which is the supervisory organization of the projects. The duty of NEPB is to propose requirements based on the EIA report, and to be charge of the acceptance of the environmental facilities of the projects. The Environmental Protection Bureau of Zhejiang Province, Environmental Protection Bureau of Shaoxing and the local monitoring stations must be congruous in the supervision. The supervision and guidance of the execution of the environmental measures should accord with the laws and ordinances and meet the requirement of NEPB during the construction and operation periods.

7.2 Requirement and Responsibility of the Environmental Organization

In the stage of pre-feasibility study. the owner of the projects consigns ZPJEPSD to edit the EIA report of the projects. The design units should keep the measures, given by the EIA report, in the design report of the projects. The construction units and the management departments of environment protection shall examine and determine the design programs of the environmental countermeasures. In the stage of construction, the headquarters of the projects must set up an office of environmental protection administration. The office shall engage experienced environmental protection administrators (2 or 3 persons). They shall supervise the implementation of the environmental protection measures in all the stages. according to the national laws, ordinances and the requirement of NEPB in the Reply of the Project Application. The office must build a close relationship with the local departments of environmental protection and arrange the implementation of the measures. In the units of construction, a few environmental protection administrators should be arranged for the supervision and administration of the implementation. In the stage of operation, the quality of the river water and the diverted water, and the sewage into the pipes must be examined. And the work must be consigned to the professional department of the environmental protection.

96 7.3 Main Contents of the Environmental Management

(I)To control the vegetation destruction and the soil erosion, to restore the lost land in the construction, to reform the environment and to replant trees (2)To investigate and deal with the disturbance of noise to the resident and the units in the construction stage (3)To prevent and manage the flowing dust from heaping and transporting of the construction materials, and to deal with the pollution of the domestic sewage and consumer waste of the constructors (4)To deal harmonically with the social problems of the land confiscation, the compensation and the settlement (5)To control the noise of the pumping stations (6)To protect the water quality such as to strengthen the protection and supervision of river water after the construction, to prevent the unlawful drainage and dumping etc. (7)To protect the green land and facilities along the rivers in Gucheng and to control the traffic noise (8)To execute other measures of the environmental protection.

7.4 Environmental Monitoring Plan

As the basement of the design of environmental monitoring and environmental protection, the execution of the plan of environmental monitoring is necessary in the projects. The environmental monitoring will show the real impact on environment and the effect of the measures of environment protection.

7.4.1 Necessary Environmental Monitoring The environmental monitoring can be executed in three stages: (1) The stage of feasibility study: in this stage, the monitoring of environmental background before the projects can be executed by the department of environmental impact assessment; (2) The stage of construction: the concentrated monitoring in the peak time can verify the effect of the measures, and the work could be consigned to the local monitor stations. (3) The stage of operation: after the projects, the monitoring of environmental factors such as the water quality in the rivers and the noise of pumping stations etc. could be consigned to the department of environmental protection. And the water quality of the sewage into the interception pipes should also be monitored. The monitoring plan of the environmental impact in each stage is detailed in Table 7.4-1

7.4.2 Expenditure of Monitoring Equipment

(1) Monitoring Equipment The monitoring equipment must be decided according to the environmental monitoring items. The consigned monitoring department must have the relevant equipment and instruments. The

97 instruments are detailed in Table 7-2. (2) Estimation of the Monitoring Cost: * Water quality in the rivers: 1,455,000 Yuan; * Atmosphere Quality: 22,000 Yuan; * Noise: 22,300 Yuan

Table 7.4-1 Plan of Environmental Monitoring

SLage Content frequenc Spot Items of monitoring

AcousticOne dav with I m and 15 m off the Acousnic ie: nwth boundary of the planned crnvironmc morning and at pumping stations and Leq nt night sewage drainage pumping stations Water temperature, pH, SS. total Feasi-bilit Current hardness, DO, CODs1 ,, BOD5 , y study water Four days ; once Monitoring sections are non-ionic ammonia, NO2 -, NO, quality in per day illustrated in the figure volatile phenol, HN -', Ar, Hg, Cr+°. the rivers Pb. Ca, total phosphate, total nitrogen, mineral oil etc.

mudintheonc Monitoring sections mud in the Once 927,9,10.11 pH, Ar, Hg, total, Cr, Ca, Cu ri vers Three continued days in the peak Air time of Near the pumping stations TSP, NOx, CO onstruction four times per day 5 ion One dav in the 0m I00lm and I50m from pcak- time ol- the pump stations, Noise constructiond reconstruction sites in Lcq twice per daV Gucheng and construction in the morning sites of pipelin- and at night s o Water temperature, pH, SS, total Four davs ; Close hardness, DO, COD5 1 ,,, BOD5, to the completion Monitor sections are non-ionic ammonia, NO2 , N03, f' the treatment: illustrated in the figures volatile phenol, HN -,Ar, Hg, Cr+6, Water once a day Pb, Ca, total phosphate, total nitrogen, qualify mineral oil etc. in the Water temperature, pH, SS, total O-rivers c3 years after the hardness, DO, COD 1,,, BODs, completion of the Monitor sections are non-ionic ammonia, NO2 -. N03, Pojts four illustrated in the figures volatile phenol, HN -,Ar, Hg, Cr+(, coninuous days, Pb, Ca, total phosphate, total nitrogen, mineral oil etc.

NoiseOnceper sason Boundary of the pumpingLq stations

7.5 Personal Training

7.5.1 General Demands The persons who operate the chemical examination of water quality must have the antecedent of junior college at least. All the operators must pass the professional examination.

98 7.5.2 Basic Demands for the Operators' Qualities

The demands for the operators' Qualities include the basic theory, basic operations and the analysis ability of the actual samples. * Theory: Basic theory of analytical chemistry, basic knowledge of laboratory, basic knowledge of statistics, basic knowledge of quality control and protects, basic knowledge of the method of environmental monitoring and analysis, operation and calculation of the environmental monitoring, elimination of disturbances, and other attentions, etc. * Operations: Technology of spot sampling, right usage of glassware, normative operation of the analyzing instrument * Ability: Passing the examinations to analyze the test samplings according to the operation programs

Table 7-2 Instruments in the Environmental Monitoring

Serial No. Name Specifications Unit Quantity I Atomic absorption spectrophotometry Equipped with flame and graphite oven Set 2 Ultrviolet spectrophotometry Set I 3 Spectrophothometer VIS-723 Set 4 COD analyser HH-I 5 BOD analyser 2 6 PH-meter PHS-25 7 Conductivity meter BSD-A I 8 Automatic potentiometer titrimeter ZD-3 9 Hephelometer 10 Fine balance 1/10000 auto counting s II Counter balance 12 Refrigerator 2 13 Electric-heated thermostatic titrimeter HG202-11 10-200 C 14 BOD incubator HW-III IS Other device 16 Gas chromato-graph spectrometer 17 Mercury vapormeter I S Water sampling device Set 2 19 586 computer 20 Printer I 21 Chemical agent Set I 22 Draft cupboard Set 23 Portable noise-level meter Set 3

7.6 Environmental Monitoring Report

7.6.1 Occasional Reports in Construction Stage The occasional reports should be referred to the department of environmental protection at the stages of treatment of the rivers and the reconstruction in the historical blocks separately. The

99 reports should include the schedule, the main methods, the aims of the construction, the assessment description of the environmental impact and the execution of the countermeasures.

7.6.2 Reports of Environmental Monitoring in the Operation Stage In the operation stage. after carried out the environment monitoring accordiny to the EIA requirement. the Environmental Protection Office shall submit the monitoring report to the departments of environment protection in time. The content of the report should include: * Time, frequency, spot. monitoring item, method and schemes of qualitative control of the environmental monitoring * Monitoring data and its analysis * Description of the facility operation during environmental monitoring period * Items with abnormal situations.

100 8 Public Participation

The aim of the Urban Infrastructure Reconstruction Projects of Shaoxing City is to protect and ameliorate the environment of the city. But in the construction, some negative impact will be brought forth on the social environment and the resident's daily life. Considering the profit of all the people in the projects, it is necessary to investigate the public opinions randomly in Gucheng and to analyze. The conclusion will be helpful to ameliorate and rationalize the plan and design of the projects and to evaluate the profit of society and economy brought by the projects. And it can also be provided to the investors and the department of supervision for reference to extend the long-term and synthetically benefit of the projects.

8.1 Investigation Content and Method of Public Participation

The main form of the public participation of the projects was handing out questionnaires randomly, in which the minds, the opinions and the demands of the residents in Gucheng were asked. The main content of the investigation includes: * The acquaintance of the projects * The support degree of the projects * The attitude to the standard of the compensation for the emigration * The individual possible expenditure for the improvement of the water environment * The opinion about the environmental quality of the scenery sites in Shaoxing City * Who shall pay the cost of sewage treatment * The impact on the land-value after the improvement of the environment in Shaoxing City. The questionnaires introduced to the public contents, the profit of social and economical environment of the projects, the possible influence of the construction and the countermeasures.

8.2 Investigation and Analysis on the Public Opinions

In the investigation, total 30 questionnaires were handed out and all of them were taken back. There were Ilpersons of 18-35 years, 13 of 35-60 years and 6 of over 60 years in the questionnaires. Or there were 22 males and 8 females. Or there were 4 persons with primary school education, 17 with middle school education and 9 with college education. Or there were 8 cadres, 6 employees, 3 teachers, 2 doctors, 5 individual proprietors and 6 retired persons. The investigation showed that: * 90% are familiar with the projects and have heard about the main content of the projects; * 98.2% approve of the projects, and without disapproval; *' 81.4% are willing to pay some money from several to hundreds of Yuan for the treatment of the rivers; * 94% are that the land-value will increase because of the amelioration of the environment, and there is no contrary; * 49.5% are that present approve of the environment quality at the scenery sites of Shaoxing is not good and needs to be improved; * 48.5% are that the compensation standard for the emigration is a little low;

101 * There are 55.7% consider that the pollutant discharging units shall pay the charge for the sewage treatment, 24.7% consider that the government shall pay, and the other 19.7% consider that the government, the units and the residents shall pay together.

8.3 Conclusions of the Public Participation

From the result of the investigation above, the projects can be viewed as a real engineering ot realistic and public mind for the people, crossing the centuries. They are an integration of urban construction, historical relic preservation, tourism development and environmental protections. The construction of the urban infrastructure will preserve the historical relics and the scenery of Gucheng, ameliorate the water quality, improve the living environment of the resident and upgrade the city's aspect and grade. In addition, the projects also have a far-reaching influence on local economy. The public in the project areas has fulIy realized the meaning of the projects. And they are all approved. The investigation also shows that the public widely accepts the principles that "One unit who pollutes the water shall pay for the treatment" and "One unit who gains the benefit from the treatment shall pay for the expenditure". But as a pollution producer and a beneficiary, the public hasn't realized the responsibility of themselves. These problems, including the compensation for the emigration. should be brought back to the relevant departments for further consideration and should be explained to the public.

8.4 Information Announcement

The investigation results and the EIA report of the project will be opened and announced to the public. An announcement was published on the Shaoxing Daily by the Project Office of Shaoxinm. The reports are kept in the EPB of Zhejiang Province, the EPB of Shaoxing City. the Zhejiang Institute of Environmental Protection Science and Design, the Project Office of Shaoxing. Now it was announced on the internet with www.ziep.gov.cn for the public to read and supervise. And its phone number is 0575-511726, connected with Mr. Jun Zhu.

102 9 Conclusions and Suggestions

9.1 Conclusions

9.1.1 Based on the monitoring result in Table 3.3-1, the assessment of river water quality is made out. It is showed in the Table 3.3-3. From the table, it can be concluded that the river water quality in Shaoxing is not well in general. Among the nine monitoring sections, there are five sections where the water quality is below the Grade V, accounting for 55.6% of the total sections. And, there is one section where the water quality are Grade III. Accounting for 11.1%. There are four sections where the water quality can meet the need of the corresponding water functions, and the number of them accounts for 44.4% of the total. There are five sections left, accounting for 55.6% of the total, where the water quality can not meet the need of the water function. And the main items that surpass the standard are

DO, BOD5 and CODn,,. The atmospheric quality in Shaoxing is rather good. The SO2 and NO2 concentrations in the city air comes up to the state air quality standard 11, and so does the TSP concentration basically. Shaoxing is the area with a light acid rain. And the average of pH is 4.91 and the rate of acid rain is 54.2%. The monitoring outcome of sediment in rivers in urban area shows that in the historical urban area, concentrations of heavy metals in sediments are low, which don't exceed the limit value of standards of agricultural pollution.

9.1.2 Some Environmental Impact in Construction (I)The residents will be disturbed by the construction noise in the range of 50-300 meters from the construction sites, especially in the range of 50m (where the front buildings are closest to the construction sites), the noise will be 57-75dB. The number of the residents who will be influenced is 600 in the excavation of the rivers, and 200 in the construction of bridges and 700 in the reparation of the ancient architectures. (2)There will be some influence from the flowing dust in excavation (such as flowing dust in road construction, in the construction sites and in the cement- whisking place, etc.), the smoke of bitumen and the odor of the rivers' sediment. (3)The traffic will be influenced in the construction. The improper operation will destroy the current urban infrastructures. (4) If the domestic sewage and living garbage from the builders are not dealt with properly, they will affect the water quality of the rivers.

9.1.3 After the construction of living sewage interception, the pollutant discharge into the rivers will be reduced. Total amount of living sewage of five historical blocks is 9641m3/d, 70 of which will flow into pipes of discharge. The flow volume will be improved in low water season after the water importing project is in use, based on the current utilities. The water environmental capacity will be larger than the discharge of the sewage. The predicted water quality in the urban rivers will be improved obviously to meet Grade I\V of the surface water standard.

103 9.1.4 The noise in the operation stage of the projects is mainly from the sluice elevator of the pumping stations. the vehicles on the parking place and the boats on the tourist rivers. The predicting calculation shows that:

( )i In the nearest resident areas. the equivalent level of the noise from the 6 parking places will surpass the standard limitation of the local function area. ( ii ) In the nearest resident areas, the equivalent level of the noise from the 1 pumping station to be built can meet the standard of the local function area. Occasionally the noise level will be over 53dB (The threshold value of the noise to awaken the people), and maybe awaken the sleeping people in the morning. (iii) If the arm-driven boats or the closed cabins are adopted for the water tourist, the navigation noise will meet the standard in the local function area. If the engine-driven ships are adopted, the noise will surpass the standard when the ships whistling. In the nearest resident area, the predicted navigation noise will close to or surpass the Grade IV of the standard.

9.1.5 The projects will bring forth 9.8ha greenery patches. The afforestation will be improved and the bio-diversity will be improved too. Because the construction quantity is much big, the plants along the roads and in the resident areas and in the units will be destroyed unavoidably. Some old and rare trees may be damaged if they are not well protected.

9.1.6 The total area of land, taken over by the projects abidingly, will be 30.11ha, where there ure architectures, workplaces and roads primarily, without woodland and cropland. And these areas will be used for the urban infrastructures, markets, tourism and resident houses. Therefore, the area of woodland and cropland will not be diminished in the construction of this project. And the tendency of reduction of the cultivatable land and woodland will not be intensified. Besides. the areas of temporary used lands are much small and they will be recovered. So there's no loss of woodland and cultivatable land.

9.1.7 The soil and water conservation facilities will be reserved and improved in the projects. There will be some new ones built. Therefore. the projects will not cause the loss of soil and water. And the projects are located in plain regions, so there is only a little soil erosion at present. In the construction of the projects. there will not be large areas of naked or excavated sections. And the volume of the excavated earth and the abandoned earth is not great. Therefore, the soil erosion in these projects will be very small.

9.1.8 The 17 rivers with total length of 20.2 kilometers in the city will be dredged in the projects. 3 The volume of the dredged mud will be 200.000 m3 The dredging work is being done at present, with about 50% of it left (about 100.000m 3). When the dredge work is done in the river reaches with bank slopes, the dredged mud shall be dried on the bank slope, and then transported to landfill site. And when it is in the river reaches without bank slope, the dredged mud shall be transported by enclosed vehicles. For example. it can be transported with vehicles or shouldered to the vehicles if the mud is at the unreachable sites for vehicles. Then the mud will be transported into the Sanjiang Solid Disposal Landfill Site after dried on the drying site, which is 12km awav from the ancient urban area. The heaping. drying

104 and disposal of the mud will affect on the quality of the air and water in some extent. And some improper transportation of bottom mud may also have some impact on the environment along the road.

9.1.9 The projects are good for the amelioration and the protection of the scenery and the historical relics in the city. After the completion of the projects, there will be 9.8ha of public green land built, 40 relic sites with ancient bridges and celerity residences preserved and 56,036 X 104m2 of relics and 115.75 X 104m2 ancient buildings repaired. But there will still be some damages in the ancient cultural relics if the management is not good enough in the construction of the projects.

9.1.10 The emigration in the projects is rather small, which is 1127 families. Because the compensation for the emigration is well considered to settle in the primary program, and the profit of the emigrated people has been thought about, most of them are approved of the current program and the compensating standard.

9.1.11 The projects are some effective measures to improve the water quality in the rivers of Gucheng and ameliorate the discharge system of the sewage. and to preserve the cultural relics and improve the city scenery and the tourist environment. So it can't be replaced. But in during design and plan of each sub-project, the construction scale and the construction technology must be chosen carefully, which are considered in the primary design.

9.1.12 The construction of the urban infrastructure reconstruction of Shaoxing has obvious profit in economy, society and environment. The projects will ameliorate the sewage interception system, improve the water environment of the rivers, upgrade the scenery of the city and has a good influence on the tourist environment. The financial analysis shows that the projects has some profit and has some ability in paying the loan.

9.1.13 The investigation on public opinions shows that the public in the area of the projects has been fully realized the sense of the construction and they are all approved of it.

9.2 Suggestions

9.2.1 * To adopt the mechanics and constructing methods with low noise in construction (such as filling piles and static-pressure piles instead of the pressurized piles) * To build some sound insulation wall at the side facing the resident area for the stationary construction sites * To forbid constructing during nighttime If some construction works have to last to the night, it must be under the permission of the local department of environment protection and be informed to the residents. They will need 100,000 Yuan.

105 9.2.2 * To spray water to the constructed roads and the heaping spots with two water spraying vehicles newly bought in 500,000 yuan. * To use the commercial cement and pre-produced asphalt, which should be transported in closed trucks * To apart the temporary agitation of cement and asphalt working from the residences lOOm away leeward

9.2.3 * To strengthen the management and test on the vehicles and ships and to do some education for the drivers and the loaders in the construction stage * To sweep the sand and earth sprinkled in time by the assigned persons Some improper operations will destroy or cut the lines for power supply. communication, etc. and the drainage pipelines, etc., so the construction units and the relevant departments should register and label out the materials and workers. etc. and to state the numbers of them before the construction. And the units and the departments should do some education for the builders before the construction. * To solve the accident immediately after it happens with the handing methods

9.2.4 * To build some anaerobic tanks to treat the fecal sewage in the constructing sites * To forbid the living garbage strictly trom mixing with the building waste or dumping into the rivers, but to dump the living garbage at the appointed sites and to clean out and transport in time They will need extra 50.000 Yuan. 9.2.5 * To torbid the industrial and living sewage strictly from being discharged into the inner rivers, but to discharge them in the sewage interception lines for the construction units 9.2.6 To control the construction noise in the operation stage of the projects I ) The pumping stations * To use the lower noise mechanics for the pumping stations * To equip the stations with some devices to reduce the vibration and to install with the sound insulation windows and doors * To lay the pipes under the ground and to use the bends of the pipelines with streamline style It wvill need extra 80.000 Yuan. (11) The water transportation * To forbid the motorboats with oars from entering the ports and water tourist lines * To use the hand-driven boats for the tourists in best, or to use the battery-driven boats instead of the motorboat, if needed * To perfect the traffic notice board * To erect the signs of no whistling in some special spots * To install the resident houses (20 families) with sound insulating windows and doors 50m away from the Dongshuanqiao Tourist Port

106 It will need extra 100,000 Yuan. (III) The parking places * To construct the parking sites underground or closed in best, instead of the opening ones * To keep the traffic signs in good condition * To run on its way for a vehicle * To erect the signs of no whistling * To install the educational buildings of the Dongjie Primary School near the park lot with sound insulating windows and doors at the parking places with ventilators and air-conditioner It will need 80,000 Yuan. * To build sound insulating barriers (walls) at the west side of the vehicle parking area in the Luxun Historical Block to prevent the Sanwei Book House and the Shou's Step Gate from noise influence. It will need 100,000 Yuan. * To Build green belts and sound insulating windows at the east side of the vehicle parking area in the Luxun Historical Block to prevent the new built buildings in plan from noise influence. It will need extra 700,000 Yuan. 9.2.7 To take some measures in order to reduce the impact of the projects to the lowest degree on the plant * To strengthen the preservation of the famous and ancient trees * To install some buffering fences between the famous and ancient trees and the construction sites * To transplant the plants with some preserved value * To replant the destroyed plants in the temporarily occupied lands after constructions They will need extra 500,000 Yuan. 9.2.8 To avoid the loss of soil and water * To balance the amount of the earth and stone, and to determine the received places of the abandoned ones and the sources of the supplemented one in the feasible study and in the construction stage * To carry out the project phase by phase and place by place * To shorten the construction duration of a single project * To reduce the phase of soil exposure caused by excavation * To dig the discharge ditches around the earth stack to avoid the loss of soil * To squeeze the earth solidly and to keep the edge slope of the temporary earth stacks being small in order to make the heaped soil have a small occupation of land and be difficult to erode * To strengthen the construction management and the education on the builders about the soil and water protection * To keep the constructions being ceased in storms

9.2.9 * To make scheme to deal with bottom mud while for primary design units * To reduce the environmental impact of bottom mud to the lowest degree for the construction units

107 * To take some synthetic measures actively in the treatment of the bottom mud * To determine carefully the storage site of the bottom mud

9.2.10 To strengthen the management of the preservation of the historical relics and the ancient architecture * To inform the cultural preservation units immediately if there are some relics discovered during the construction * To assist the cultural preservation units to protect the historical relics * To make the pipelines avoid the archaeological relic by changing the direction of the pipeline

9.2.11 To materialize the emigration of the projects according to the Official Document No. 55 (94) of Zhejiang Provincial Government and the Official Command No. 32 (99) to insure construction to be completed in success 9.2.12 To strengthen the management of environmental protection to insure the environmental protection measures to be taken * To set up a Management Department of Environmental Protection under the construction headquarters to supervise and manage the environmental protection works in all the stages of the construction * To draw out a monitoring plan to monitor the environmental impact of the projects in all the staces

The Urban Infrastructure Reconstruction Projects of Shaoxing City is in accordance with the Master Plani of Shaoxing City. The projects are good to improve the ecological environment. tourist environment and the living condition in Gucheng. It is also good to improve the city's scenery and to preserve the historical relics. So the projects have obvious social. economical and environmental profit. And the disadvantageous influence of the projects on the environment in the construction and operation stages can be lightened. So it can be concluded that the projects are feasible from this EIA report.

'Os 109 Table of Approval & Registration for Construction Project Approving Officer: Name of constnuctiori The old urhant area of cUrban Infrastructure Recunstruclion Project of Shaoxing Citv Construction plLcei project Shaoxing C ity 0575-522 Unmi The office for Urban Infrastructarc Reconistructior. Proiect Zip code 31200 'TlilI 4 )7

PNewconstnucton Industry Urban construction Project modification or expanding q ~~~~echnoloryrenell

ConstrstctKon scale 832km p Report table classifcation note

Instauftaion Dept. of Naliotnal Planning Committee No. of file T1nie pro lec Aporositig Dept. of the report Protection Agency No of file IStareEnvirtimenralTire

Enlvironmnental1 'lotal irwvesimeraL 1051 rnilion R.\1B . K.lRatio protection Ibivestnment

Unit of repon comopiling . Fec for assessment I80 thousand Protectiowl Science &Ddesign tn:r o xcni Standaird of executive Present situation of etnvironment quaitti Standard of environment qlualily diseharce

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Noise | C1i3096-93 Clatss 1. 2. 3 GB 12523-90

Factors of_pollLtiOlt COnltFOl

Corttr(inrl Prescnt Discharge Reduction Reductio: IncrcraseC Gross Permitte Regional Conccntr Prcdicted Peminit g project Discharge froirt of the of the reduction discitar d discharge atiorI discharge ed |Ii the n,e rienn-built old-bsiilt of yc dischlarg before concentr dischiLr -bmitii discharge C treatmnent ation gc concent

4084 0) 1894 -1S94 2')0 I

Crsa5

|OD (ii1 4380 -4380 4731] _ | 300 | 180 oil 11_I_II

W aste gas ______

SO -,______DUSt)

Soot

Solid u; ______s_ I111111-1_ _c 0s 0 4 Unit: waste gas: X 10 m3/V: wvaste water: X 104 tons/y: Hg, Cr. Pb. Ar, Cr6+, Cyanide: K_ga: and other factors: ton/y Note: this table should be lilled by the assessment unit, and appended as the latest page of the assessment report

(assessment table). In which: (5)=(2)-(3)-(4): (6)=(2)-(3)+(1)-(4)