ISSN 1809-127X (online edition) © 2011 Check List and Authors Chec List Open Access | Freely available at www.checklist.org.br Journal of lists and distribution pecies

S the Gulf of California, México

of Holoplanktonic mollusks (: ) from

ists * L Orso Angulo-Campillo

, Gerardo Aceves-Medina and Raymundo Avedaño-Ibarra Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas-IPN, Departamento de Plancton y Ecología Marina. Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional s/n. Col.

*Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] Playa Palo de Santa Rita. Apdo. 592. C.P. 23096. La Paz, Baja California Sur, México.

Abstract:

species, including We compiled 39 new arecords checklist and of two holoplanktonic range extensions mollusks within obtained the Gulf. from seven oceanographic surveys performed between 2005 and 2007 in the Gulf of California, México. The checklist comprises five orders, 15 families, 28 genera and 62

Introduction Materials and Methods The Gulf of California is a semienclosed basin, located the Class Gastropoda, in which the species are not large bewteen 32°00’ – 24°40’ N and bounded by the continental The true holoplanktonic mollusks are represented by coast of México and the Baja California Peninsula (Figure 1). One of the most important features of the Gulf is the enough or powerful enough swimmers to be classifiedet al. wide range of sea surface temperatures (SST). In the 1997),as nektonic. and live Of inthe the approximately open 40,000of the world, marine primarily species northern region, the annual SST range is 9 to 38°C, while atof tropical gastropods, and subtropical only 244 are latitudes holoplanktonic (Bé and Gilmer (Spoel 1977). in the southern region is 22 to 31°C (Soto-Mardones et al. 1999). The Gulf of California is hydrographically complex, Another characteristic of this group is its affinity for including local upwelling on the continental coast caused andcertain Pierrot-Bults water masses 1979), (Fager and andalso McGowanas indicators 1963), of climate which by north-west winds during winter and low intensity has resulted in their use as zoogeographicet al markers. 2008). (Spoel upwelling on the peninsular coast associated with south- east winds during summer (Alvarez-Borrego 1983). Water changein two and major groups acidification according (Fabry to Spoel et al. (1997); masses are warm but the Gulf water has high salinity PterotracheidaeThe holoplanktonic (including mollusks , are comprehended , and ) and Ophistobranchia (including Thecosomata, Gymnosomata and Nudibranchia). (>34.9) and flows southward along the peninsular coast, (Alvarez-Borrego1983;while tropical Pacific waterLavín et has al. lower1997) salinity (34.65< to>34.85)Seven oceanographicand flows northward surveys along were the conducted mainland in coast the Few faunistic surveys of holoplanktonic mollusks recordedhave been 34 completedspecies south in theof Cabo North San Pacific Lucas; relatedMcGowan to holoplanktonic mollusks. McGowan and Fraundorf (1966) Gulf of California between March 2005 and August 2007. Four of those surveys (March, May, September 2005 and Hidalgo(1967), reported (1989), 33 recorded species eightfrom the species California from Current Bahía JanuaryMarch 2006) and Agust, were named2007) were CGC (forcalled Circulación GOLCA (for en Golfo el Golfo de Magdalenabetween November between 1949May and and June October of 1984. 1952; In Sánchez- the Gulf California).de California) The and station the remaining codes in Figuresthree (November 1 A-B consist 2005, of either CGC or GOLCA, followed by two digits indicating the year in which the survey was done and the two denoting wereof California done by not Abbott a single (1974) formal whom study reported of holoplanktonic two species. the month. The GOLCA surveys were completed onboard Poormanmollusks and has Poorman been made. (1988) However, recorded sporadic four species records in the oceanographic vessel “El Puma” from the Universidad one species in the mouth of the Gulf; and Angulo-Campillo Pto. San Carlos (Sonora), Fernández-Alamo (1996) found 4-01-144).Nacional Autónoma The CGC desurveys México were (grants conducted CONACyT-SAGARPA onboard the vesselsS007-2005-1-11717 “Alejandro de andHumbolt CONACyT-FOSEMARNAT and Altair” from Secretaría 2004- (2005) recorded two species near La Paz. The first paper that dealts specifically with the heteropods of the Gulf was beenSeapy reported and Skoglund from the (2001), Gulf who of California. recorded The 10 species.present de Marina Armada de México (grant CGPI-2005053). In summary, 19 species of holoplanktonic mollusks have to aA maximum total of 246 depth of 220 samples m, following were obtained the sampling with oblique tows using Bongo nets with 505-µm mesh size, study extends the previous studies, reporting 63 species. Check List | Volume 7 | Issue 3 | 2011 337 Angulo-Campillo et al. | Holoplanktonic mollusks, Gulf of California, México

1). There were two northward range extensions ( method detailed by Smith and Richardson (1979). The 57%desmaresti of the total and richnessPhylliroe recorded bucephala during). The the study thecosomes (Table holoplanktonic mollusks were removed from the net samples, fixed and preserved in 96% ethanol to avoid anddeterioration Seapy (1999), of the Spoel shell. and The Dadon specimens (1999), were Seapy identified and Lalli were most abundant (61.4%) followed by the heteropods (2007),using Seapy Spoel (1990), et al. (1997). Spoel and Also, Boltovskoy specimens (1981), of heteropods Richter (37.3%), the gymnosomes and nudibranchs were and some gymnosomes were selected for dissection, and uncommon (>1.3%). Only 14 species represented together particularly the was prepared for examination for 90% of the total abundance, whose individual abundances scanning electron microscopy (SEM) following the method theeach Gulf exceeded of California 2% of thegiven total here (Table is the 1). most extensive yet by Geiger et al. (2007). The specimens were deposited in The taxonomic list of holoplaktonic mollusks from

presentpresented. species The 62 list taxa is undoubtedly identified represent incomplete approximately due to the the The“Colección systematic Científica list of despecies moluscos was made holoplanctónicos following Spoel del fact30% that of the the selectivity holoplnaktonic of the mollusksampling worldtechnique fauna. did Thenot andPacífico Dadon Mexicano” (1999), aboveat CICAMAR-IPN. family level according to Bouchet allow catches of some neustonic species (e.g. janthinids). Within the , the family Atlantidae was the best represented in the Gulf of California. There Resultsand Rocroi and (2005). Discussion are 19 valid species worldwide, from which 17 occurs

A total of 25,404 organisms were identified, grouped althoughin the Pacific the smallestOcean (Seapy area of2010) this and enclosed they are sea, included its high in five orders, four suborders, 15 families, 28 genera environmentsnow in the Gulf and of California.Thisdiversity allows finding the presence is relevant of all since the and 62 species (Table 1). The Heteropoda contained 25 species (39.7%), the Cephalaspidea one species (1.6%), The Carinariidae contain nine species of which four the Thecosomata 21 species (33.3%), the Gymnosomata werespecies recorded found in and the Pterotracheidae,Pacific Ocean. three species of the 13 Thirty-eight species (20.6%) new and records the Nudibranchia were found in three the speciesGulf of (4.8%). The cephalaspidean Gastropterum pacificum is the only 10 gymnosomes, and one ; these comprehends four known. California. Of those 11 were heteropods, 16 thecosomes, known member of its order to be considered as a semi-

Figure 1.

Golfo de California). Study area and sampling stations. a) GOLCA surveys; b) CGC surveys. Four of those surveys (March, May, September 2005 and March 2006) were named CGC (for Circulación en el Golfo de California) and the remaining three (November 2005, January and Agust, 2007) were called GOLCA (for

Check List | Volume 7 | Issue 3 | 2011 338 Angulo-Campillo et al. | Holoplanktonic mollusks, Gulf of California, México with young “individuals” spending more time in the water columnplanktonic (Wrobel species, and a Millsresult 1998). of its being a benthic species Diego province. The hypothesis that the holoplanktonic ismollusk supported community for other could groups be for a example remnant as of awhen plausible the valid gymnosomes species (Spoel et al. 1997; Cummings Gulf of California was connected with the Pacific Ocean There are 122 valid shelled pteropodset al. species, 2009,). and These 66 northern portion of the Gulf of California and the adjacent groups have representatives in several habitats, such as explanation of the similitude between theet al fish. 2003). fauna in the thoseand Seapy found 2003; in polar Suárez-Morales waters (e.g. australis and Clione antartica). When comparing the number of species western North Pacific (Aceves-Medina When comparing the species richness of holoplanktonic Gymnosomata nine species), with the ones recorded mollusks with other marine regions (Table 2), differences duringrecorded this for studythe Eastern (Thecosomata Pacific (Thecosomata 21, Gymnosomata 32 species, 13), Inbetween contrast the with North relatively Pacific and recent South new Atlantic, areas ofdue study to the of historic research background in such areas are clear. Diacavolinia longirostris,we collected more Gleba than cordata, the 50% Desmopterus of the recorded papilio species, and holoplanktonic gastropods suchet as al .the 2008), Gulf the of numbers México- includingPneumodermophis new records canephora for the ).Eastern The Nudibranchia Pacific ( has the ofCaribbean species registered (Parra-Flores in the and Gulf R. of Gasca California 2009) is andrelatively Costa high.Rica Dome area (Suárez-Morales circumtropical distribution), of which three were recorded The Gulf of California is considered one of the most herelowest ( number of bucephala, true planktonic Cephalopyge species (five trematoides species withand atlanticus). Thompson et al. 1979; Castro-Aguirre et al Medinadiverse ecosystemset al in the Easternet alPacific (Walker 1960; californiensis ( ), et al . 1995; Aceves- japonicaOf the (Seapy, 62 recorded 1974) species, and the two thecosome heteropods, Limacina Gulf of California. 2003; contained Hendrickx 2,194. 2007). recorded Hendrickx species helicina Seapy and Richter, 1993 (belonging. (2007) to reported 217 families), that the with mollusk the fauna gastropods of the the Trasition Zone waters of southern California and the California (McGowan, Current. The 1963) presence are considered of A. californiensis endemic and to new records obtained in this study, the number of C. japonica implies that their exclusivity to the California contributing 1,530 species (153 families). With the Current most be reconsidered and their presence in the 2,229 species (230 families), which supports the Gulf of California could be related to the intrusion of the conclusionmollusk species that the for Gulf the of Gulf California of California is one of increases the most or to California Current to the Gulf or to a vicariant population the most biologically diverse marine ecosystem at warm- as in the case of many others species coming from the San temperate latitudes.

Table 1.

Species of holoplanktonic mollusks found in the Gulf of California during the 2005-2007 surveys.(CGC) for Circulación en el Golfo de California, (GOLCA) for Golfo de California, (%) relativeet abundance,al. (X) denotes the presence on each cruise, (*) denotes new records (+) range extensions, (Ref.*) previous records in the Gulf of California:( 1) Abbott 1974, (2) Poorman and Poorman 1988, (3) Fernández-Alamo 1996, (4) Seapy and Skoglund 2002, (5) Angulo-Campillo 2005, (6) Hermosillo 2006 CGC GOLCA Ref*. TAXON % cruices cruices

ORTHOGASTROPODA PTEROTRACHEOIDEAATLANTIDAE Atlanta californiensis X X

Atlanta echinogyra Seapy and Richter, 1993* <0.13.4 X X 4 Atlanta frontieri Richter, 1972 0.3 X X Atlanta brunnea Richter, 1993 X 4 Atlanta gaudichaudi Gray, 1850 <0.12.3 X X 4 Atlanta helicinoidea Gray, 1850 X X Gray, 1850* <0.1 X 4 Atlanta inflata Gray, 1850 <0.1 X 4 Atlanta lesueurii Gray, 1850 <0.12.2 X X 4 Atlanta meteori Gray, 1850 X Atlanta oligogyra Richter, 1972* <0.10.4 X X Atlanta peronii Lesueur, Tesch, 18171906* X X 4 Atlanta plana 16.12.3 X X 4 Atlanta tokiokai Richter, van de 1972 Spoel and Troost, 1972 X X 4 <0.1 X X 4 d`Orbigny, 1836 <0.1

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Table 1. Continued.

CGC GOLCA Ref*. TAXON % cruices cruices Protoatlanta souleyeti (Smith, 1888)* 0.1 X X keraudrenii (Lesueur, 1817)* X

<0.1 CARINARIIDAECarinaria galea X Carinaria japonica Benson, 1835* <0.1 X Cardiapoda richardi Okutani, Vassière, 1955* 1904* <0.1 X X Cardiapoda placenta (Lesson, 1830) <0.1 X X <0.1 PTEROTRACHEIDAEFiroloida desmaresti X X 1 coronata Lesueur, 1817+ 0.15.5 X X 1 Niebuhr, 1775 X X Philippi, 1836* <0.1 OPISTHOBRANCHIACEPHALASPIDEA

GASTROPTERIDAEGastropteron pacificum Bergh, 1894 X X THECOSOMATA <0.1 6 EUTHECOSOMATA CAVOLINIIDAE CAVOLINIINAE Cavolinia inflexa (Lesueur, 1813)* 0.2 X X Cavolinia uncinata

Cavolinia tridentata (Rang, tridentata 1829) <0.1 X X 2 Diacavolinia longirostris (Nieburhr, 1775)* <0.1 X X

Diacria quadridentata quadridentata(Blainville, 1851)* (Blainville, 1821) 1.81.5 X X 2 CLIONINAE Clio pyramidata lanceolada X X 2

Creseis chierchiae Linnaeus, 1767 0.72.6 X X Creseis acicula acicula (Boas, 1886)* * 4.1 X X Creseis acicula clava Rang, 1828* 2.2 X X Creseis virgula conicaRang, 1828 * 13.0 X X Creseis virgula virgulaRang, 1828 * X X

Hyalocylis striata Rang, 1828 25.92.7 X X LIMACINIDAE (Rang, 1828) 2,5 * 0.1 X X

Limacina inflata (d`Orbygni,1836)* X Limacina trochiformis(d`Orbygni,1836) <0.1 X X PSEUDOTHECOSOMATA(d`Orbygni,1836)* 6.8

PERACLIDIDAEPeracles apicifulva 0.8 X X Meisenheimer, 1906* spectabilis Dall, 1871* X

Corolla sp. <0.1 X Gleba cordata <0.1 X (Niebuhr, 1775) <0.1 DESMOPTERIDAEDesmopterus pacificus Essenberg, 1919* 2.1 X X Desmopterus papillo Chun, 1889* 0.3 X X

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Table 1. Continued.

CGC GOLCA Ref*. TAXON % cruices cruices GYMNOSOMATA

PNEUMODERMATIDAEPneumoderma atlanticum pacificum 0.4 X X Pneumoderma sp.* (Dall, 1815)* X X Pneumodermophis canephora Pruvot-Fol, 1924* <0.1 X X Pneumodermophis ciliata <0.1 X Pneumodermophis macrochica (Gegenbaur, 1855)* <0.1 X X Pneumodermophis sp. Meisenheimer, 1905 <0.1 X X <0.1 ThliptodonNOTOBRANCHAEIDAE diaphanus (Meisenheimer, 1903)* X X Thliptodon gegenbauri <0.1 X Spongiobranchaea australis Boas, 1886* <0.1 X CLIONIDAE d`Orbigny, 1863* <0.1 Clione limacina (Phillips, 1774)* X X

Clione sp. <0.1 X CLIOPSIDAE <0.1 Cliopsis krohni X X

Cliopsis modesta Troschel, 1854* <0.1 X Troschel, 1854* <0.1 NUDIBRANCHIA DENDRONOTINA PHYLLIROIDAECephalopyge trematoides (Chun, 1889)* X X Phylliroe bucephala <0.1 X X AEOLIDIINA Pèron and Lesueur, 1810*+ <0.1 3,5 GLAUCIDAE Glaucus atlanticus Foster, 1777 X

<0.1 2,6

Table 2. and the present Number study. of holoplanctonic ( ) indicate the molluscs percentage species of the from world the total, World NA Oceans = Not Available.(Spoel et al. 1997), western North Pacific (Seapy and Lalli, 2007), South Atlantic (Boltovskoy et al. 2005), Gulf of México and Caribbean (Parra-Flores and R. Gasca, 2009), the Costa Rica Dome area (Suárez-Morales et al. 2008) Worldwide North Pacific South Atlantic Gulf of México and Caribbean Costa Rica Present Study Pterotracheoidea 28(80) 4 (11) 17(48)

Thecosomata 12235 2691 (74) 40 (32) 11(9) 2123 (17)(68) Gymnosomata 32(26)9(13) 12(18) NA NA 13 (19) Nudibranchia 66 NA NA NA Janthinidae 6 4(66)3(20) NA NA 3 NA(50) 24415 76 (31) 134 (54) 44 (18) 29(11)1(6) 62 (25)

Acknowledgments: Alvarez-Borrego, S. 1983. Gulf of California; p. 427-449. In B.H. Ketchum (ed.). Estuaries and enclosed seas The authors wish to thank Carlos Robinson, Publishing Company. CONACyT,Jaime Goméz,Roxana and SNI authorities De-Silva andfor their Roger grants. Seapy The for assistance their help provided with the . Amsterdam: Elsevier Scientific identification of heteropods as well to CICIMAR–IPN/COFAA/EDI, PIFI, Altair and El Puma was of great value. Angulo-Campillo,Vita Malacologica O. 2005 A four year survey of the opisthobranch by the scientific and technical staff from the B. O. Alejandro de Humbolt, Bé, H.mollusks and W. (Mollusca:Opisthobranquia) Gilmer, 1977. A zoogeographic in Baja and California Taxonomic Sur Mexico. review Literature Cited of Euthecosomatous 3:43-50. ; p. 733-808. In American Seashells Oceanographic Micropalentology, Vol. I. London: Academic Press. A. Ramsay (ed). Abbott, R.T. 1974. . 2nd ed. New York: Van Nostrand Gastropod families. Malacologia 47(1-2): 1-397. Reinhold Co. 663 p. Bouchet, P. and J. Rocroi. 2005. Classification and nomenclature of Aceves-Medina,Watson. 2003. G. Fish S.P.A. larvae Jiménez-Rosenberg, from the Gulf of California. A. Hinojosa-Medina, Scientia Marina R., Funes-Rodríguez, R.J. Saldierna, D. Lluch-Belda, P.E. Smith and W. Castro–Aguirre,ictiofauna del J.L., Golfo E.F. de California, Balart and México J. Arvizu–Martínez.. Hidrobológica – 1995. Contribución al conocimiento del origen y distribución de la 67(1): 1-11. 5: 57-78. Check List | Volume 7 | Issue 3 | 2011 341 Angulo-Campillo et al. | Holoplanktonic mollusks, Gulf of California, México

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Carinaria japonica in waters off southern California. Marine Biology : October 2009 Seapy, R. 1974. Distribution and abundance of the epipelagic mollusk : December 2010 Received : May 2011 from24: 234-250. Hawaiian waters: a faunistic survey. Malacologia. 32(1): 107- Last Revised : June 2011 Seapy,130. R. 1990. The pelagic family Atlantidae (Gastropoda: Heteropoda) Accepted : Inga Ludmila Veitenheimer Mendes Published online Editorial responsibility

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