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Photographs induded in the original manuscript have ben reproduœd xerographically in this copy. Higher qualii 6. x 9" biack anâ Mite photographie prints are availabk for any photagraphs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI direto order. Bell 8 Howell Information and Leaming 300 North Zeeô Road, Ann Arbor, MI 481û6-1346 USA 800.521-0600 NOTE TO USERS This reproduction is the best copy available. UMI HEGEL'S THEOLOGICAL LEGACY A Descriptive Reassessment of Hegel's Philosopby of Religion in the Light of Karl Barth's Critique Patrick D. M. Patterson 009624722 A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Wycliffe College and the Theological Department of the Toronto School of Theology. In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Theology awarded by Wycliffe College and the University of Toronto. Thesis Director : George P. Schner SJ Toronto, Canada September 27, 1998 O Patrick D. M. Patterson National Library Bibliotheque nationale 1*1 of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliog rap hic Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395. rue Wellington OttawaON K1A ON4 OrrawaON K1AûN4 Canada Canada The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or seil reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic fonnats. la forme de microfiche/film, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d' auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts f?om it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or othewise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. ... for Beth Akitt Patterson Hegel ... the misiinderstood one. Again and again we find we mast think three times be- fore contradicting [his phiiosophy], because we might find that everything we are tempted to Say in contradic- tion of it has already ken said within it, and provided with the best possible answer. Karl Barth Protestant Thought: From Rousseau to Ritschl CONTENTS Abbreviations vi Introduction . - . - . - 1 Hesel and the Knowledge of God A pproxi mate Interpretation or Poiesis In Karl Barth's Company Three Perenniat Issues New Resources Ourline Chapter 1. Barth's Threefold Critique of Hegel . - . 13 Three Demands and Three Criticisms Surnmav Response Chapter 2. In the Beginning, Cod . .20 The Inalienable Self-sufficiency of God Cod for the Whole Human Person The Subjective/Objective Distinction The Closed Circle Chapter 3. The Ecclesial Vocation to Philosophy . 27 Section 1. The Context . - . - . - . - -28 An Urgent Summons 28 Philosophy and the Creclo of the Church 32 Classical Studies or Church Dogma: A Shift of Emphasis'? 35 The Eclipse of God by the Enlightenment 36 Barren Orthodoxy 40 Neo-Kantian Theology 33 Schleiermacher and the Religion of Pure Subjectivitj- 46 The Question 47 Section 2. The Cal1 . 4û A Cod-Given Vocation 43 Fait h and Reason 49 Three Pi tfalls 52 Section 3. The Fall . - . The Doctrine of the Fd1 Infinite Antitheses and Pseudo-Reconciliations Section 4. The Gospel . * . God Was in Jesus Christ Reconciling the World to Himself One Has Died for Ail: Therefore Al1 Have Died Philosophy's Presupposition: the Gospel Section 5. The Community . The Primitive Church The Institutional Church Doctrine in the Early Church Phi losophy: Devet oped Wortdt iness Chapter 1. Necessity and the Sovereign Freedom of God . - . A Threefold Task Theology and Philosophy in Conflict From Patristic to Schofastic The Scholastic Complementan ty of Theology and Philosophy Anselrn and Necessity The Renaissance and the Refomation: The Recovery of Subjectivity Luther. the Lutherans. and Company Modem Philosophy: The Loss of Necessity Chapter 5. Conclusion: Necessity, the Philosophical Task, and Theological Resources . Necessi ty Responsive Actualization Hegelian Resources for Theology Appendix 1. Barth's Four Criteria for Doing Historical Theology Appendis 2. The Vitality of the Word: Hegel's Poetical Last Will and Testament Appendix 3. Hurnan Theology or Gd's Very Own Theology: Barth and the Pure Fantasy of the Hegelian Solution Appendix 4. Hegel in the Chrirch Dogmarics ABBREVIATIONS Banh's Works: A or Anseh = Anselm :Fides Quatmns Inrel lecricm. CD = Church Dopnatics. HT = 'TheTask of a History of Modem Protestant Theology".' = Proresrant ïïioughr: From Rousseau ro Rirschl. = The Theology of Sc%leiemacher. Hegel's Works: HF = the 1822 Fonvard that Hegel wrote for H. F. W. Hinrichs' Rdigion. ' = Hegel: The krrers. ed. Butler and Seiler. Referenc- es to particutar letters are to page nurnbers. not let- ter nurnbers. LHP = Lectrrres on the Hisron of Phihsophy. \.of. 3:' LPR = kc-trrreson rhe Philosoph v of Religion. oc5 = "On CIassical Studies".' PR = Phitosophy of Right. : Thcrc arc rit Icrrst ttvo English trmslritions of this tvork. 1 has.c uscd both. Whcrc the pgc rcfcrcnccs arc in rhc ZOT,'.;. ihc translation 1s that by X.V. .Miller for an appcndis to Rqorrd Episrenrolog~:~Vew .S!wii~s itt [lie Phikosv- ph! of Hqt~l.cd. Frdcnck G-Wiss. Thc Haguc. 1974.22744. Whcrc thc pagc rcfcrcnccs arc in thc IOo's. ihc trxwlririon is thrit b>-J. blichricl Smt-art. "Font-ard to Hinnchs' Rrlipiort ( 1822): Thc Rcconciliation of Friirh ancl Rcrtwn". incl udcd in G.W.F. Hegel: 771eol0,pimrof rllu Spirit. cd. Pcicr Hcdgson, Minncripoiis, 1997, 155- 7 1. ' .-\II rclcrcnccs to [HP in this cssay arc to \xi. 3. This 1 8W spccch 1s includcd as thc "Appcndis" to Ort Cluisriatrity: Edy TIieological Writi~rqs& Frirderic-li He- yrl, rrrins. b'. T..LI.Knos. n~than ~ntrduction.and I'ngmcnis tmns, b!. Richrird Kroncr. Glouccstcr. 1970.32 l-30, vi INTRODUCTION Hegel interpreted modern cultural awareness to itself in an unprecedented fashion by saying that at the deepest and ultimate level it was concerned with the daim of truth. This ctaim takes a form possible only if the truth is God, and Cod is the Master of men.... Will mdern man recognize his joy in truth, his quest for truth, his fanaticism for trath... in this looking-glass? Will he put up with being taken so serioaslp, with being thus seized upon in his penchant for trnth?...Or wiH he shrink back before the last things, which are pointed out to him as his own; before the discovery of the revelatory nature of absolute truth and aU real knowledge, and stiU, now as ever, seek to faIl humbly into the left hand of Cod, in- stead of exalting his thinking to a divine service, as is here demanded of him? Barth "HegeI thought throush his whole system from the perspective of Christ - or was it the 0th- er \{,a) round?"" From the perspective of Christ will be my contention in this essay. The other \rFay round has been the consensus of rnany philosophers and theologians in the second half of the 20th Centur).. H. S. Hams.- B. Cooper.". Jaeschke.' and W. Kaufmann" are just four of man). \$:ho - "Thc consistent intcrprcration 01' Hcgcl's scicncc oi cspcncncc rictudly reqttirrs us io rcjcct c\ cc. spin tuai h>.p~hc- sis ot LI irrinwcndcni kind. ln thc phcnomcno1r)gy oi thc absdutc rcligion. Gddics in c~rdcrto bc rcsurrcctcd xi thc 'spirit 01' tlic cc~mmuntty"' (H.S. Huns. -Hcgcl's Phcncirncnolog>. 01' Rcligion". in Thorr,pltt (mifilitli i/r 11rr IW- lo.w~plr\*of Hr.;.rl. cd. John Wtilkcr. Dcirdrccht. 199 1. 100). "1 cfon'i bclic\ c !.CN.I crin bc ri Hcgclirin md a Chnstim. Thcrc arc thosc \vho bclics-c !.ou cm. - somc ci( thcm arc stxd l'ricndc; 01' rninc. But. I don't think !.cw c3n JO il. In rhc lïnd rinalysis Hcgcl's s'srcm 1s rithcisric". c Btimc CO- opcr. I nicn icud in Pan 2 of ri thrcc-pan scncs cm Gcorgc Gmt. 'Thc Moving Imrigc oi Etcrnity". bniadc-LS~on /c/tw(~\.b> ~hcCanadian B roadcristing Corp,niic>n ( CBC), 1%). " "Hcgcl's philosoph> bcgins by priincwncing thc Jcath oi Gai. and cnds tvith thc insigfit into rhc cnd oi rcligion .... Rcligion crrcmcously undcrsunds \\.ha[ it is... Oncc thc philosophy oi rcligion has gonc bc>wxl n-har IL rs implic~tl!-. rcli gion in gcncml. including thc Christian rcligion. 1s ... incripriblc of satisl-yin€ thc highcst conccm of spirit, and ha rhcrcb! rcxhcd i ts cnd" ( Waitcr Jricschkc. "Philosophical Thcology and Philosophy of Rcligion". in :\rrrc*I'rr.vpc~-- rilm ott Hqcl 's Pliilosupll~of Relipiotr. cd. Dri\.id Kol b. Staic University of Nc\r York Prcss. 1992. 1 . 15). Kriui'nirinn rcprcscnrs Hcgci as saying.