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Phd in Philosophy
PhD in Philosophy CYCLE XXXII COORDINATOR Prof. Adriano Fabris Hermann Lotze on the Mind–Body Problem and the 19th Century Philosophy and Psychology: With Special Attention to William James Academic Discipline (SSD) M-FIL/06 Doctoral Candidate Supervisors Michele Vagnetti Prof. Alessandro Pagnini Apl. Prof. Dr. Nikolay Milkov Coordinator Prof. Fabris Adriano Years 2017/2020 CONTENTS 1. Preliminary remarks on Hermann Lotze’s metaphysics 1 1.1. Lotze on science and metaphysics 1 1.2. Lotze’s atomism 6 1.3. Philosophy of space: metaphysics and geometry 12 2. Physiological and psychological studies in the first half of the 19th century 26 2.1. The study of the nervous system 26 2.2. Hermann Lotze on phrenology and the question of the location of the mind 35 2.3. Three scientific psychologists 39 2.3.1. Ernst Heinrich Weber 39 2.3.2. Gustav Theodor Fechner 44 2.3.3. Alfred Wilhelm Volkmann 53 3. The reductionist approach to the mind–body problem and its critics 54 3.1. Hermann von Helmholtz 56 3.2. The dispute between Büchner and Lotze 60 3.3. Two further scholars 64 3.3.1. J. F. Herbart 64 3.3.2. J. F. Fries 69 4. Hermann Lotze on the relation between body and mind 78 4.1. Pilosophical psychology and perspectivism 86 4.2. Physiological psychology between materialism and mentalism 94 4.3. The psycho-physical mechanism: the occasionalist way 103 I 4.4. The psycho-physical mechanism: the interaction 110 4.5. Lotze’s theory of local signs 113 4.6. -
H.J. Holtzmann's Life of Jesus According To
HOLTZMANN’S LIFE OF JESUS ACCORDING TO THE ‘A’ SOURCE: PART 1 Journal for the Study of the Historical Jesus Vol. 4.1 pp. 75-108 John S. Kloppenborg DOI: 10.1177/1476869006061780 © 2006 SAGE Publications University of Toronto London, Thousand Oaks, CA Toronto, ON, Canada and New Delhi http://JSHJ.sagepub.com ABSTRACT H.J. Holtzmann’s Die synoptischen Evangelien (1863) is not only regarded as having established Markan priority and the basic contours of the Two Source hypothesis; it also offered a sketch of the life of Jesus based on a Mark-like source that represents a starting point for the so-called ‘Liberal Lives of Jesus’ which prevailed from 1863 until the early 1900s. Holtzmann’s ‘Life’ portrayed Jesus as an exemplary personality, and posited psychological development in seven stages in the career of Jesus. This essay discusses the intellectual context leading to Holtzmann’s book and then offers an annotated English translation of Holtzmann’s ‘Life of Jesus’. This is Part 1 of a two-part essay. Key words: D.F. Strauss, F.C. Baur, H.J. Holtzmann, Liberal Lives of Jesus, Markan priority, theories of psychological development, synoptic problem, Ur- Markus The early 1860s marked an important turning point in the study of the historical Jesus. This transition was related to at least three developments: the demise of the Tübingen school, which had up to that point dominated the study of the early Jesus movement in Germany; a turn away from speculative theology and philoso- phy rooted in Hegel’s philosophy of history and a return to Kantianism; and the ascendancy of theories of Markan priority and the waning influence of the Griesbach hypothesis, which put Matthew as the earliest of the Synoptics, a theory advocated by Wilhelm M.L. -
The Quest of the Historical Jesus
The Quest of the Historical Jesus A Critical Study of its Progress from Reimarus to Wrede by Albert Schweitzer [ D. THEOL., D. PHIL., D. MED. ] Translated by W. Montgomery From the First German Edition "Von Reimarus zu Wrede," 1906. With a Preface by F. C. Burkitt, D.D. First English Edition, 1910. Published in Great Britain by A. & C. Black, Ltd. 2 Preface 1. The Problem 1 2. Hermann Samuel Reimarus 13 3. The Lives of Jesus of the Earlier Rationalism 27 4. The Earliest Fictitious Lives of Jesus 38 5. Fully Developed Rationalism - Paulus 48 6. The Last Phase of Rationalism - Hase and Schleiermacher 58 7. David Friedrich Strauss - The Man and his Fate 68 8. Strauss's First "Life of Jesus" 78 9. Strauss's Opponents and Supporters 96 10. The Marcan Hypothesis 121 11. Bruno Bauer 137 12. Further Imaginative Lives of Jesus 161 13. Renan 180 14. The "Liberal" Lives of Jesus 193 15. The Eschatological Question 223 16. The Struggle against Eschatology 242 17. Questions regarding the Aramaic Language, Rabbinic Parallels, and 270 Buddhistic Influence 18. The Position of the Subject at the Close of the Nineteenth Century 294 19. Thoroughgoing Scepticism and Thoroughgoing Eschatology 330 20. Results 398 3 PREFACE THE BOOK HERE TRANSLATED IS OFFERED TO THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING public in the belief that it sets before them, as no other book has ever done, the history of the struggle which the best-equipped intellects of the modern world have gone through in endeavouring to realise for themselves the historical personality of our Lord. -
Life and Work
1 LIFE AND WORK . Ancestry and Early Years GUSTAV THEODOR FECHNER was born on April , in Gross-Särchen, a village situated on the Neisse river in the southeastern region of Lower Lusatia.¹ His father, Samuel Traugott Fechner (–), had been a pastor there (prob- ably Lutheran) since , as his father before him had also been. Fechner’s mother Dorothea Fechner (–), née Fischer, descended likewise from a regional pastoral family. From childhood on Fechner himself, the second of five children, was meant to join the clergy, too. His older brother Eduard Clemens (–) became an artist and moved to Paris in , where he later died. The three younger siblings were Fechner’s sisters Emilie, Clementine, and Mathilde. Fechner’s father has been described as a typical pastor of enlightened times: of a zealous nature, yet open-minded for progress. He was the first in his region to have a lightning rod mounted on the church; he upset the congregation by not wearing a wig during sermons; he had his children vaccinated, and he was a passionate fruit-grower. His young children were taught Latin—at the age of three, little Theo (Fechner’s nickname) spoke Latin as fluently as he did German. Fechner’s mother was affectionate, cheerful, friendly, and poetic, a woman who gathered a social circle around herself in all of life’s situations. Following their father’s premature death in , both sons were sent for a Copyright © Michael Heidelberger from Nature From Within History few years to their maternal uncle, also a pastor, in Wurzen and Ranis in Thuringia. In Gustav Theodor was enrolled in secondary school in Sorau (now called Zary), a town near the village where he was born; later he spent two years at the School of the Cross in Dresden, where the Fechner children were reunited with their mother. -
The Quest for the Historical Jesus' Use of Gehenna: a Critical Appraisal of the Work of N
Olivet Nazarene University Digital Commons @ Olivet M.A. in Biblical Studies Theses Biblical Literature 8-2011 The Quest for the Historical Jesus' Use of Gehenna: A Critical Appraisal of the Work of N. T. Wright and His Portrayal of the Eschatology of the Historical Jesus Ian C. Cole Olivet Nazarene University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.olivet.edu/blit_mabs Part of the Biblical Studies Commons, and the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Cole, Ian C., "The Quest for the Historical Jesus' Use of Gehenna: A Critical Appraisal of the Work of N. T. Wright and His Portrayal of the Eschatology of the Historical Jesus" (2011). M.A. in Biblical Studies Theses. 1. https://digitalcommons.olivet.edu/blit_mabs/1 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Biblical Literature at Digital Commons @ Olivet. It has been accepted for inclusion in M.A. in Biblical Studies Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Olivet. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE QUEST FOR THE HISTORICAL JESUS‘ USE OF ge,enna: A CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF THE WORK OF N.T. WRIGHT AND HIS PORTRAYAL OF THE ESCHATOLOGY OF THE HISTORICAL JESUS BY IAN CHRISTIAN COLE B.A., Olivet Nazarene University, 2009 THESIS Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Biblical Studies in the School of Graduate and Continuing Studies Olivet Nazarene University, 2011. Bourbonnais, Illinois OLIVET NAZARENE UNIVERSITY ________ SCHOOL OF GRADUATE AND CONTINUING STUDIES August 2011 WE HEREBY RECOMMEND THAT THE THESIS BY Ian Christian Cole ENTITLED ―The Quest for the Historical Jesus‘ Use of ge,enna: A Critical Appraisal of the Work of N. -
5 Idealism and Naturalism in the Nineteenth Century
5 Idealism and Naturalism in the Nineteenth Century Sebastian Gardner 1. Introduction The nineteenth century may be regarded as comprising the first chapter in the story, as it must appear to us now, of idealism’s long-term decline and of the eventual ascent within the analytic tradition of a confident and sophisticated naturalism.1 The chief landmarks of both developments are fairly clear. The former begins with Kant’s Critical Philosophy and the great systems of Fichte, Schelling and Hegel, a rich legacy which is re-explored continuously over the course of the century and provides the basis for myriad novel positions, leading in the final quarter of the nineteenth century to a renaissance of absolute idealism in Anglo-American philosophy. The story of the growth of naturalism may be taken to begin with Auguste Comte and to develop through John Stuart Mill and Herbert Spencer to Richard Avenarius and Ernst Mach, receiving an important impetus from the mid-century German materialism of Karl Vogt, Ludwig Bu¨chner, Jacob Moleschott and Heinrich Czolbe (see Gregory 1977), as well as of course, after the publication of The Origin of Species in 1859, Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection, which found forceful advocates in figures such as Thomas Henry Huxley and Ernst Haeckel. The neo-Kantian development which established itself in Germany from the 1860s and 1870s onwards has a place in the trajectories of both idealism and naturalism. Both of these narratives, sketched here in the briefest outline, require elaboration not merely through the addition of numerous other and less salient figures and movements but also through an account of their context: namely, the exponential growth of scientific knowledge witnessed in the nineteenth century, especially in physics, physiology and experimental psychology, together with the profound cultural shift accompanying the achievements and industrial applications of modern science, to which belongs the erosion of the institutional bases of Christian theism and demise of its intellectual authority. -
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Personalism
03/05/2017 Personalism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Personalism First published Thu Nov 12, 2009; substantive revision Mon Dec 2, 2013 Although it was only in the first half of the twentieth century that the term personalism became known as a designation of philosophical schools and systems, personalist thought had developed throughout the nineteenth century as a reaction to perceived depersonalizing elements in Enlightenment rationalism, pantheism, Hegelian absolute idealism, individualism as well as collectivism in politics, and materialist, psychological, and evolutionary determinism. In its various strains, personalism always underscores the centrality of the person as the primary locus of investigation for philosophical, theological, and humanistic studies. It is an approach or system of thought which regards or tends to regard the person as the ultimate explanatory, epistemological, ontological, and axiological principle of all reality, although these areas of thought are not stressed equally by all personalists and there is tension between idealist, phenomenological, existentialist, and Thomist versions of personalism. 1. What is personalism? 2. Personalism’s historical antecedents 3. European personalism 4. American personalism 5. Eastern personalism 6. Characteristics of personalist thought 6.1 Human beings, animals, and nature 6.2 The dignity of the person 6.3 Interiority and subjectivity 6.4 Selfdetermination 6.5 Relationality and communion Bibliography Primary Literature Secondary Literature Academic Tools Other Internet Resources Related Entries 1. What is personalism? Personalism exists in many different versions, and this makes it somewhat difficult to define as a philosophical and theological movement. Many philosophical schools have at their core one particular thinker or even one central work which serves as a canonical touchstone. -
Worldview of Personalism
OXFORD THEOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS Editorial Committee M.McC.ADAMS M.J.EDWARDS P.M.JOYCE D.N.J.MacCULLOCH O. M. T. O’DONOVAN C. C. ROWLAND OXFORD THEOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS HIPPOLYTUS BETWEEN EAST AND WEST The Commentaries and the Provenance of the Corpus J. A. Cerrato (2002) FAITH, REASON, AND REVELATION IN THE THOUGHT OF THEODORE BEZA JeVrey Mallinson (2003) RICHARD HOOKER AND REFORMED THEOLOGY A Study of Reason, Will, and Grace Nigel Voak (2003) THE COUNTESS OF HUNTINGDON’S CONNEXION Alan Harding (2003) THE APPROPRIATION OF DIVINE LIFE IN CYRIL OF ALEXANDRIA Daniel A. Keating (2004) THE MACARIAN LEGACY The Place of Macarius-Symeon in the Eastern Christian Tradition Marcus Plested (2004) PSALMODY AND PRAYER IN THE WRITINGS OF EVAGRIUS PONTICUS Luke Dysinger, OSB (2004) ORIGEN ON THE SONG OF SONGS AS THE SPIRIT OF SCRIPTURE The Bridegroom’s Perfect Marriage-Song J. Christopher King (2004) AN INTERPRETATION OF HANS URS VON BALTHASAR Eschatology as Communion Nicholas J. Healy (2005) DURANDUS OF ST POURC¸ AIN A Dominican Theologian in the Shadow of Aquinas Isabel Iribarren (2005) THE TROUBLES OF TEMPLELESS JUDAH Jill Middlemas (2005) TIME AND ETERNITY IN MID-THIRTEENTH-CENTURY THOUGHT Rory Fox (2006) THE SPECIFICATION OF HUMAN ACTIONS IN ST THOMAS AQUINAS Joseph Pilsner (2006) The Worldview of Personalism Origins and Early Development JAN OLOF BENGTSSON 1 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox26dp Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education -
Dissertation / Doctoral Thesis
DISSERTATION / DOCTORAL THESIS Titel der Dissertation /Title of the Doctoral Thesis „Uniqueness and Universality of Jesus Christ Re-visited: An Encounter of Walter Cardinal Kasper’s Spirit Christology with the Indian Theology in the Light of Ecclesia in Asia. An Attempt to Focus on and Deepen the Specificity of Jesus Christ in the Context of Religious Pluralism in India“ verfasst von / submitted by Rathan ALMEIDA angestrebter akademischer Grad / in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doktor der Theologie (Dr. theol.) Vienna, June 2016 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt / A 780 011 degree programme code as it appears on the student record sheet: Dissertationsgebiet lt. Studienblatt / Katholische Fachtheologie field of study as it appears on the student record sheet: Betreut von / Supervisor: Univ. - Prof. Dr. Jan-Heiner Tück Univ. – Prof. i.R., Dr. Martin Jäggle ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Research in dogmatic theology is challenging and demands a high level of commitment and effort. As I hold this finished work in my hand, I feel extremely happy to see the fruit of my toil and efforts. I have written this thesis in Austria, at the University of Vienna. At this moment, I want to express my gratitude and appreciation to all those who have accompanied me on my academic journey. My sincere thanks, first and foremost, is due to University Professor Dr. Jan-Heiner Tück, Dean of the Faculty for Dogmatics, and Vice-Dean of the Catholic Theological Faculty, University of Vienna, for guiding my thesis. Working with him throughout my studies was a great joy for me. His timely guidance, his extensive and in- depth knowledge in this field, and his valuable suggestions are characteristic of this learned person.