1 | TITRE DE LA PARTIE

Annual Report 2020

OpenEdition Annual Report 2020 2 | TITRE DE LA PARTIE

Contents A Word from the Board of Directors 3 System Architecture and Software 24 High-availability architecture 25 Our Team 4 OpenEdition information system 26

OpenEdition Infrastructure 6 Platform software development 27 OpenEdition: Infrastructure for 7 OpenEdition: Challenges Ahead 28 OpenEdition in brief 8 OpenEdition Freemium 29

Platform visitors 10 OpenEdition Lab 33

Where OpenEdition International development 37 content comes from 12

OpenEdition Journals 14 Appendices 38 Appendix 1. OpenEdition Books 16 2020 budget 38 Hypotheses 17 Appendix 2. Calenda 18 OpenEdition information system diagram 40

OpenEdition Communities 20 Appendix 3. OpenEdition: Trusted by Indexing 41 the research community 21 Appendix 4. Daily users 21 Consortia of Freemium program partners 41 Libraries and institutions that use our services 22 3 | TITRE DE LA PARTIE

n 2020, the world was thrown into began to resume, and new methods of a pandemic that upended lives and communication were even created, a testament A WORD continues to profoundly change the way to the importance that OpenEdition keep FROM THE BOARD I we live, interact, and work together. science conversations going. In celebrating OF DIRECTORS The OpenEdition team faced the same 20 years of Calenda, OpenEdition celebrated challenges as everyone else, but we were also 20 years of science in the making and instant given the opportunity to double down on our key archival of science conversations consisting role in the open science ecosystem. of 45,000 events submitted by thousands of contributors. In response to an appeal by many university libraries, including ICOLC, ABDU, and , Finally, OpenEdition applied to the European OpenEdition worked with journals and Commission’s national fund for open science publishers to expand access to its resources and submitted a proposal for PIA3’s ESR/ during the first lockdown in . This gave ÉquipEx+ expression of interest. Out of the four the scientific community, as well as the general applications we submitted in 2020, 100% of them public, access to more resources to allow them were accepted, giving us some breathing room to continue to work and also to gain perspective and peace of mind over the next few years and on the worldwide situation through the lenses of allowing us to making exciting plans to: history, sociology, public policy, and other fields. • Further develop open science tools for the Our decision to make our resources publicly humanities and social sciences available inspired some publishers to switch all • Help our users expand open science of their content to freemium models or to reduce • Upgrade our software the amount of time that current issues remain • Link publications to data behind a paywall, a move that we applaud. • Strengthen partnerships with other national programs, such as Huma-Num and Métopes, In other news, Calenda turned 20, though and with our European partners, including the it was a strange year for the calendar of Universities of Coimbra and Turin science events. While many gatherings were • Consolidate the science-society side of our work canceled at the beginning of the pandemic and fewer announcements were submitted for We are currently eagerly waiting to hear about posting, events and submissions eventually our 2020 OPERAS application to the ESFRI Roadmap. If accepted, it would be the icing on the cake of a highly successful 2020. 4 | TITRE DE LA PARTIE

DIRECTOR LEADERSHIP TEAM Our Team Administration and Finance Service UNIT BOARD General Secretariat SCIENTIFIC BOARDS OpenEdition Lab Service Communications Service Freemium Service Membership Unit USERS PARTNERS

Deputy Director Deputy Director Deputy Director IT INTERNATIONAL

IT DEPARTMENT INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT IT Development Service International Development Support and Training System Administration Service Service Service Research Blogging Data Service Service IT Equipment Service Academic Events Service Books Service Journals Service

CONTENTS L'ÉQUIPE | 5

February 2021 MANAGEMENT OPENEDITION LAB INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC EVENTS Organizational Chart Marin Dacos João Fernandes Marie Pellen Head of Research and Pierre Mounier Scientific Validation Officer Director, Head of the Development Deputy Director, Head of the Céline Guilleux Management Department Élodie Faath International Department Scientific Validation Officer Department Manager, R&D Elsa Zotian MEMBERSHIP Project Manager INTERNATIONAL Department Manager Claire Dandieu Mathieu Orban de Xivry DEVELOPMENT Membership Officer R&D Developer Karla Avanço BOOKS Anastasia Giardinelli GO FAIR CO OPERAS Community Cédric Gaultier Membership Officer IT Manager Department Manager Simon Pioud Alexandra Caria Alice Pierre Post-Doctoral Student Membership Officer Jean-Christophe Souplet Editorial Officer Deputy Director, Head of the IT Jonathan Chibois Julie Pynte GENERAL SECRETARIAT Department Post-Doctoral Student Editorial Officer Carole Bedrossian Arnaud Gingold Amandine Texier IT DEVELOPMENT Secretary General Technical Coordinator for Editorial Officer Roland Haroutiounian European Programs ADMINISTRATION AND Department Manager Chloé Lebon JOURNALS FINANCE Hélène Prieto International Cooperation Officer Émilie Cornillaux Sophie Girardin Developer Alessia Smaniotto Editorial Officer Department Manager Nicolas Vernot OPERAS Projects Coordinator Claire Dandieu Alexia Lacroix Developer Editorial Officer Financial and Accounting Anne-Sibylle Loiseau Manager INFORMATION SYSTEMS PUBLISHING Editorial Officer ADMINISTRATION COMMUNICATIONS Sandra Guigonis Bianca Tangaro Bruno Cénou Deputy Director, Christina Cantrel Editorial Officer Department Manager Head of the Editorial Department Department Manager Guillaume Andreux Sophie Guillot DATA Web Project Manager Communications Officer Mélanie Carmona Project Manager ASSISTANCE AND TRAINING FREEMIUM Anne Durand Gwenn Dossmann David Beorchia Developer Editorial Officer Bookseller Jean-François Rivière Élodie Picard Serge De Martino Department Manager Department Manager Administrative Management Assistant IT EQUIPMENT MANAGEMENT RESEARCH BLOGS Manon Rousselle Nicolas Rougier Nathalie Casanova Library Partnerships Officer IT Equipment Manager Communication Officer Julie Thérizols for the Hypotheses Platform Library Partnerships Officer Céline Guilleux Scientific Validation Officer François Pacaud Department Manager Michel Tamarin Web Project Manager

CONTENTS 6 | TITRE DE LA PARTIE

OpenEdition Infrastructure

CONTENTS OPENEDITION INFRASTRUCTURE | 7

OpenEdition: Infrastructure for open science

In 2020, OpenEdition uploaded and published We partner with other experts in the field on our more than 45,000 science events, 10,000 books, projects. In particular, OpenEdition works with 550 journals, and 3,700 catalog research blogs to the MSH network, members of Écoles françaises à its four platforms. This content received a total l’étranger (French schools overseas), and Réseau of 96 million visits, an average of 8 million visits de pépinières de revues scientifiques (network per month and a 22% increase over 2019. of incubators) in France. On an international scale, OPERAS is part of a network OpenEdition’s mission is to serve the humanities of 56 European humanities and social science and social science research community. Every agencies and institutions that includes the Max day, our team trains and assists thousands of Weber Foundation in Germany, Jisc in the UK, contributors and dozens of partners, in addition and OAPEN in the Netherlands. to developing and maintaining software that offered public access to over 900,000 documents this year, 96% of which were .

CONTENTS 8 | OPENEDITION INFRASTRUCTURE

� OpenEdition Over 900,000 documents published in brief Number of documents published on OpenEdition (1999-2020)

1999-2008 91,000

2009 115,000

↘ 2010 142,000 New record: 96.0 96 million visits in one year 2011 177,000 78.6 Number of visits per year in millions (2011-2020) 64.6 2012 280,000 53.9 2013 310,000 40.9 45.4 29.6 2014 384,000 24.0 18.9 12.9 2015 465,000

2016 551,000 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

All OpenEdition platforms 2017 643,000

2018 724,000

2019 831,000

2020 963,000

CONTENTS OPENEDITION INFRASTRUCTURE | 9

↘ JOURNALS BOOKS HYPOTHESES CALENDA Breakdown of visits to OpenEdition in 2020 2011 12.20 - 1.59 0.41 In millions of visits 2012 15.50 - 3.09 0.53

2013 17.50 0.69 5.28 0.53 61.70 17.00 OpenEdition Journals Hypothèses 2014 20.80 1.90 6.73 0.55

2015 26.90 3.03 9.37 0.53

2016 29.60 3.30 11.10 0.61 16.30 2017 35.30 5.02 12.80 0.70 OpenEdition 1.04 2018 41.80 8.10 14.00 0.71 Books Calenda 2019 50.50 10.86 16.50 0.78

2020 61.70 16.30 17.00 1.04

-> 1.85 LANGUAGE AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2020 % An increasingly 2.49 multilingual infrastructure 0.72 French 662,569 68.80 Breakdown of documents published on OpenEdition by language 3.92 English 107,156 11.13

11.09 German 106,762 11.09

Spanish 37,716 3.92

Portuguese 23,993 2.49 11.13 68.80 Italian 17,812 1.85

Other 6,932 0.72

TOTAL 962,940 100

CONTENTS 10 | OPENEDITION INFRASTRUCTURE

Platform visitors

VISITS VISITS PER 1,000 RESIDENTS 0 - 7 33,353,064 7 - 26 26 - 115 115 - 408 16,676,532 408 - 1,445 VISITES VISITES 1,445 - 2,255 PAR 1 000 HABITANTS © H. Théry – OpenEdition 8 ,338,266 2021 OpenEdition Data 0 - 7 © H. Théry – OpenEditionCartes & Données software – © Articque Global visits to OpenEdition platforms 33 353 064 7 - 26 2021 OpenEdition Data Cartes & Données software – © Articque 26 - 115

CONTENTS 115 - 408 16 676 532 408 - 1 445 1 445 - 2 255 © H.Théry - OpenEdition 2021 8 338 266 Données OpenEdition Logiciel Cartes &Données - © Articque OPENEDITION INFRASTRUCTURE | 11

Visitors to OpenEdition

In millions of visits Visits to COUNTRIES VISITING OpenEdition Journals 96 50 OPENEDITION TOP In millions of visits TOTAL Europe In millions of visits 61.7 29.4 COUNTRIES VISITING 33.4 France TOTAL Europe THE PLATFORM TOP In millions of visits 4.5 United States 3.9 Mexico 46 32.3 19.4 France 3.1 United States 3.4 Morocco World World (outside 2.6 Argentina (outside Europe) 3.3 Argentina Europe) 2.5 Mexico 2.9 Colombia 2.5 Brazil 2.2 Colombia

Visits to Visits to Visits to OpenEdition Books Hypotheses Calenda In millions of visits In millions of visits In millions of visits

16.3 8.4 COUNTRIES 17.0 11.6 COUNTRIES 1.0 0.6 COUNTRIES VISITING VISITING VISITING TOTAL Europe THE PLATFORM TOTAL Europe THE PLATFORM TOTAL Europe THE PLATFORM TOP In millions of visits TOP In millions of visits TOP In millions of visits

7.6 France France 7.9 5.9 France 497,057 0.7 Morocco 1.5 Germany 0.4 62,099 Morocco World 5.4 (outside 0.8 Mexico 0.8 United States 54,372 Cameroon Europe) 0.6 United States 0.5 Spain 34,995 Algeria World World 0.5 Italy (outside Europe) 0.5 Mexico (outside Europe) 29,203 United States 0.5 Peru 0.4 Morocco 27,392 Belgium

CONTENTS 12 | OPENEDITION INFRASTRUCTURE

ÉQUIPES ÉDITORIALES

Where OpenEdition 250 content comes from 100 Locations of publishing teams, bloggers, events, and book publications LIVRES ÉDITÉS 40 ÉVÉNEMENTS 1 000 1000 400 400 200

200

OpenEdition Journals CARNETIERS Editorial Team

1 000

400

200 OpenEdition Books Publishers Events on Calenda

Hypotheses Bloggers

CONTENTS OPENEDITION INFRASTRUCTURE | 13

OpenEdition Journals OpenEdition Books Journal editorial team locations (online journals) Publisher locations

Number of teams Number of publishers 552 427 114 68 TOTAL France NUMBER OF TOTAL France NUMBER OF TOP TEAMS AROUND TOP PUBLISHERS AROUND THE WORLD THE WORLD

427 France 68 France 18 Italy 10 Italy 17 Portugal 27 19 3 Portugal 16 Belgium 3 Belgium 73 52 15 Canada 3 Germany

Europe World 11 Switzerland Europe Monde 3 Switzerland (excluding (outside (excluding (outside France) Europe) France) Europe)

Hypotheses Calenda Blogger locations Event locations

Number of blogs Number of events 3,822 2,863 2,012 1,151 TOTAL France NUMBER OF TOTAL France NUMBER OF TOP BLOGS AROUND TOP EVENTS AROUND THE WORLD THE WORLD

2,863 France 1,072 France 327 German 43 Canada 177 78 Spain 774 41 Italy World 66 Italy (outside 35 Switzerland Europe) 657 302 43 Portugal 34 Spain 42 Belgium 30 Belgium Europe World Europe (excluding (outside (excluding France) Europe) France)

CONTENTS 14 | OPENEDITION INFRASTRUCTURE

� Submitted in 2020 Number of applications (2010-2020) Processed in 2020 Accepted

79 Deferred or rejected 77 75 76 70 71 67 61 61 56 54 53 52 52 53 52 51 50 44 44 45 40 40 38 36 30 28 28 23 23 23 20 18 17 17 16 14 12 10 9 9 10 8 8

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

� � Number of member journals Decrease in journal backlog and online journals (2001-2020) (Number of journals)

Member journals Online journals 600 80

500

400 60

300

200 40

100

20

2001 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

CONTENTS OPENEDITION INFRASTRUCTURE | 15

� -> Main languages of publication Access policy (December 2020) NUMBER LANGUAGE 20 OF DOCUMENTS Paywall French 219,034 Open access

All open access English 28,084 Freemium access Spanish 13,340

80 Italian 8,671 32 48 Portuguese 8,054

Germany 2,166 74 75 69 Other 7465 2,546 75 � 6962 6558 Increase in open access 5462 (2011-2020) 58 54 46 44 42 78 80 74 75 76 46 44 42 35 69 31 65 35 26 58 31 25 56 54 26 25

46 44 42 35 31 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 26 25 24 2011 22 201220 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Paywall Open access & Freemium access 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

CONTENTS 16 | OPENEDITION INFRASTRUCTURE

� Number of publishers online (2013–2020)

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 10,743 31 46 50 62 76 88 102 114 9,015

-> 31 APPLICATIONS Number of books online 6,442 SUBMITTED IN 2020 (2013-2020) -> 4,800 Number of applications 6 Pending 3,419 (2020) 21 2,621 Accepted 1,622 4 Deferred 1,018 or rejected

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

22 117 ↘ ↘ 129 Access policy Language of book publications 245 as of December 31, 2020 612 as of December 31, 2020 8,107 520 9,181 529 Exclusive access 2,024 French German Open access NUMBER NUMBER English Freemium access OF BOOKS Portuguese OF BOOKS All open access Spanish Other

8,719 Italian

CONTENTS OPENEDITION INFRASTRUCTURE | 17

Hypotheses 6,183 <- Humanities and social science blogs 5,441 Number of blogs in the catalog since 2011 4,686

4,003 3,785 3,369 3,216

2,779 2,749 2,531 2,177

1,686 1,555 1,396 Blogs in the catalog 1,002 922 802 570 All blogs 468 291 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

-> % Breakdown of published LANGUAGE posts by language (as of 12.31.2020) French 58.8

German 19.7

English 13.7

Portuguese 3.2

Spanish 2.9

Italian 1.0

Other 0.7

CONTENTS 18 | OPENEDITION INFRASTRUCTURE

5 5 16 -> 40 Calenda Language of publication of events 315 events published in a handful of Humanities and social science calendar languages, mainly in French and English (15% of announcements published on Calenda). 233 Some events are published in up to four languages.

French Portuguese NUMBER OF EVENTS English Italian

Spanish German

1,803 ↘ Annual number of announcements submitted and published (2000–2020)

5,000

Announcements submitted

4,000 Announcements published

3,000

2,000

1,000

0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

CONTENTS OPENEDITION INFRASTRUCTURE | 19

The new Calenda blog

In honor of Calenda’s twentieth anniversary, we launched a new Calenda Blog on Hypotheses to discuss the calendar’s events, limits, concerns, and challenges in the academic humanities and social science community. Since the blog was launched in September 2020, we have published around 10 posts, including an overview of the past 20 years of Calenda and an in-depth analysis of how science events have changed since COVID-19 and the 2020 lockdown measures. We also published a post on Calenda’s recommended reading algorithm to help explain why we made the technical decisions we did for the platform.

CONTENTS 20 | TITRE DE LA PARTIE

OpenEdition Communities

CONTENTS OPENEDITION COMMUNITIES | 21

OpenEdition: Trusted by the research community

Hypotheses 36 candidate journals 15.5 applications per week IN 2020 Calenda 25 new collections submitted nearly 200 announcements 500 books sent for digitization submitted per month IN 2020 In 2020, there were 34.52% fewer events submitted (and thus published) than in 2019 due to the pandemic.

Daily users User requests processed in 2020

1,500 Discussions on the launch of new publishing websites, Publishers 50,974 2,682 (Lodel) discussion threads collections, and publications Number of subscribers to OpenEdition (Wordpress) 3,500 Discussions on publishing projects and journal websites and newsletters (in French and English) 28,738 Journals User accounts with writing access on a discussion threads their changes (access policies, proofs, features, etc.) platform (via Lodel or Wordpress) 522 messages 13,500 Messages on the use of Hypotheses (publishing and technical) on the blogger list Number of @OpenEditionActu Bloggers blogs, administrative messages (tracking applications, access (Lodel) 209 messages followers on Twitter 68 issues), and general topics on the forum (Wordpress) Twitter: @OpenEditionActu @hypothesesorg 16 @calendaSHS @OpenEditionPro Number of people trained Calenda users 1,680 messages Requests for additional information, changes, and updates @OpenEditionNews (in , , and Marseille) Facebook: OpenEdition @openedition, Most training sessions were canceled Readers Requests from users (for access or assistance, Hypotheses.org @hypotheses.org, due to the pandemic. Libraries 2,128 messages subscription and purchase suggestions) and librarians/ Calenda @calendaSHS Institutions institutions interested in our services

Each discussion topic can generate anywhere from 1 to 50 messages. In 2020, the OpenEdition teams and the journal and book publishing teams exchanged around 20,000 messages.

CONTENTS 22 | OPENEDITION COMMUNITIES

Top 20 libraries and institutions to visit OpenEdition Journals in 2020 Number of Libraries and institutions downloads (JR1) % that use our services 1. BIBLIOTHÈQUES DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTRÉAL Canada 207,682 8

BIBLIOTHÈQUE CANTONALE 2. Switzerland 3 ET UNIVERSITAIRE - LAUSANNE 66,993

3. UNIVERSITÉ PARIS 1 PANTHÉON-SORBONNE France 66,122 3 213 4. UNIVERSITÉ ASSANE SECK DE ZIGUINCHOR Senegal 60,202 2 libraries and institutions are partners 5. AIX-MARSEILLE UNIVERSITÉ (AMU) France 58,734 2 via our Freemium program 6. UNIVERSITÉ LUMIÈRE LYON 2 France 56,842 2 (Journals and Books) 7. UNIVERSITÉ LAVAL Canada 56,276 2

8. UNIVERSITÉ DE GENÈVE / BIBLIOTHÈQUE DE GENÈVE Switzerland 55,279 2

� 9. UNIVERSITÉ 2 - JEAN JAURÈS France 51,649 2 Views of OpenEdition Journals 10. UNIVERSITÉ DE LILLE France 51,648 2

11. UNIVERSITÉ VIRTUELLE DU SÉNÉGAL Senegal 2 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 44,557 12. UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À MONTRÉAL Canada 41,422 2 JR1 ALL 2,057,962 2,362,032 2,643,430 3,047,747 3,654,532 2,563,378 ** CAMPUS ES* 13. UNIVERSITÉ MONTAIGNE France 40,619 2

* Baseline: 532 campuses, which we use to calculate statistics 14. UNIVERSITÉ PARIS NANTERRE France 39,707 2 based on IP addresses. ** The JR1 was lower in 2020 because the amount of freely 15. UNIVERSITÉ LIBRE DE BRUXELLES - ULB Belgium 39,455 2 available content grew between May and June and because some institutions closed. Nevertheless, the total number of visits still 16. UNIVERSITÉ 2 France 37,886 1 rose to 96 million in 2020 (vs. 78 million in 2019).

Methodology note: 17. UNIVERSITÉ DE LIÈGE Belgium 37,154 1 These counts comply with the COUNTER 4 standard.The use of proxy servers by French institutions tends to downplay the counts 18. FONDATION NATIONALE DES SCIENCES POLITIQUES France 36,932 1 as many visits do not use proxies. 19. UNIVERSITÉ CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN Belgium 35,375 1

20. BIBLIOTHÈQUE DIDEROT DE LYON ENS France 34,286 1

CONTENTS OPENEDITION COMMUNITIES | 23

FOCUS ON FRANCE | OPENEDITION JOURNALS Top 20 libraries and institutions to view OpenEdition Books in 2020 Rank Number of downloads (JR1) Number of 3 UNIVERSITÉ PARIS 1 PANTHÉON-SORBONNE 66,122 downloads (BR2) % 5 AIX-MARSEILLE UNIVERSITÉ (AMU) 58,734

6 UNIVERSITÉ LUMIÈRE LYON 2 56,842 1. BIBLIOTHÈQUES DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTRÉAL Canada 36,603 8 9 UNIVERSITÉ TOULOUSE 2 - JEAN JAURÈS 51,649 2. UNIVERSITÉ PARIS 1 PANTHÉON-SORBONNE France 23,287 5 10 UNIVERSITÉ DE LILLE 51,648

3. UNIVERSITÉ ASSANE SECK DE ZIGUINCHOR Senegal 19,565 4 FOCUS ON THE WORLD | OPENEDITION JOURNALS 4. UNIVERSITÉ VIRTUELLE DU SÉNÉGAL Senegal 3 14,478 Rank Number of downloads (JR1)

BIBLIOTHÈQUE CANTONALE Canada 5. Switzerland 2 1 207,682 ET UNIVERSITAIRE - LAUSANNE 11,326 BIBLIOTHÈQUES DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTRÉAL Switzerland 2 66,993 6. UNIVERSITÉ LUMIÈRE LYON 2 France 10,553 2 BIBLIOTHÈQUE CANTONALE ET UNIVERSITAIRE - LAUSANNE Senegal 4 UNIVERSITÉ ASSANE SECK DE ZIGUINCHOR 60,202 7. UNIVERSITÉ BORDEAUX MONTAIGNE France 10,068 2 Canada 7 UNIVERSITÉ LAVAL 56,276 8. UNIVERSITÉ DE TOURS France 2 10,015 Switzerland 8 UNIVERSITÉ DE GENÈVE / BIBLIOTHÈQUE DE GENÈVE 55,279 9. ÉCOLE NORMALE SUPÉRIEURE PARIS France 9,326 2 FOCUS ON FRANCE | OPENEDITION BOOKS 10. UNIVERSITÉ TOULOUSE 2 - JEAN JAURÈS France 8,627 2 Rank Number of downloads (BR2) 11. FONDATION NATIONALE DES SCIENCES POLITIQUES France 8,565 2 2 UNIVERSITÉ PARIS 1 PANTHÉON-SORBONNE 23,287 12. UNIVERSITÉ PARIS NANTERRE France 7,648 2 6 UNIVERSITÉ LUMIÈRE LYON 2 10,553 7 UNIVERSITÉ BORDEAUX MONTAIGNE 10,068 13. UNIVERSITÉ DE LILLE France 2 7,380 8 UNIVERSITÉ DE TOURS 10,015 14. UNIVERSITÉ DE GENÈVE / BIBLIOTHÈQUE DE GENÈVE Switzerland 7,376 2 9 ÉCOLE NORMALE SUPÉRIEURE PARIS 9,326

15. UNIVERSITÉ DE LIÈGE Belgium 6,809 1 FOCUS ON THE WORLD | OPENEDITION BOOKS

BIBLIOTHÈQUE INTERUNIVERSITAIRE 16. France 1 Rank Number of downloads (BR2) DE 6,542 Canada 1 36,603 17. UNIVERSITÉ RENNES 2 France 6,105 1 BIBLIOTHÈQUES DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTRÉAL Senegal 3 UNIVERSITÉ ASSANE SECK DE ZIGUINCHOR 19,565 18. AIX-MARSEILLE UNIVERSITÉ (AMU) France 6,023 1 Senegal 4 UNIVERSITÉ VIRTUELLE DU SÉNÉGAL 14,478 19. BIBLIOTHÈQUE DIDEROT DE LYON ENS France 1 5,812 Switzerland 5 BIBLIOTHÈQUE CANTONALE ET UNIVERSITAIRE - LAUSANNE 11,326 1 Switzerland 20. SCD DE L'UNIVERSITÉ DE LIMOGES France 5,596 14 UNIVERSITÉ DE GENÈVE / BIBLIOTHÈQUE DE GENÈVE 7,376

CONTENTS 24 | TITRE DE LA PARTIE

System Architecture and Software

CONTENTS SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE AND SOFTWARE | 25

High-availability architecture

High-availability architecture is constantly (images, js, css) CLIENT (Browser, Web Crawler) RENATER national academic networ... improving. It is also less subject to technical debt than software layers. The concept is CDN based on load-balancing (the distribution of LVS LAYER ( Master / Backup ) loads across multiple servers), redundancy,

and multilevel caching. The architecture Transport Layer Sec...

runs in a virtual environment that allows HITCH RS1 HITCH RS2 HITCH RSn it to optimize hardware and helps allocate additional resources as needed. It is built 2nd Cache Layer exclusively on free-license software modules. STATIC FILES VARNISH RS1 VARNISH RS2 VARNISH RSn In 2020, we tested and adopted the CEPH distributed file system. Using it on the Books and Journals platforms has greatly improved NGINX... NGINX... NGINX... Virtual machines... reading and writing performance compared 1st Cache layer to GlusterFS. However, we retained a copy of Shared MEMCACHE GlusterFS, which synchronizes daily, creating

a backup copy for the system that is available SolR cluster Galera cluster immediately. DISTRIBUTED FILE SYSTEM... We also rolled out the Proxmox hypervisor 20TB 20TB 20TB in an effort to bring our architecture toward

complete hyperconvergence TAPE BACKUP

Viewer does not support full SVG 1.1

Request

Response

System exchanges January 2021

CONTENTS 26 | SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE AND SOFTWARE

OpenEdition information system

DOI registration descriptions, and images and PDFs for OpenEdition registers DOIs on Crossref for publishing units. The service was launched journal and book publishers who request it. in September 2020, archiving over 1,200 books In 2020, we sent out a reminder to journals representing 68,688 files that include 21,500 TEI who had not yet taken advantage of the service and 39,420 JPEG files. and in doing so expanded DOI registrations for all types of documents published on COUNTER 5 OpenEdition Journals (previously, only Le service de statistiques de fréquentation au articles could have a DOI registration). This format COUNTER 5 a été développé en 2020 pour means the number of DOIs jumped in 2020 une mise en production en 2021. Ce service est (150,000 more, representing a 54% increase). basé sur la technologie ezPAARSE développée par le consortium Couperin. Il a été mis en place Permanent archival grâce au financement du plan de soutien pour As part of our partnership with the CINES les revues scientifiques et avec l’aide précieuse archival platform and Huma-Num, a new app de l’équipe d’ezPAARSE. was created in the OpenEdition information Sa mise en place s’inscrit dans un projet de system to help organize archival of books modernisation de nos services de statistiques. and journals on CINES. The app prepares files Les technologies ezPAARSE et Matomo according to CINES specifications and sends remplacent AWStats comme base d’analyse. them for archival. Specifications can include TEI format for any publishing units (chapters, articles) in a volume, METS format for volume

CONTENTS SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE AND SOFTWARE | 27

Platform software Public and professional Software for additional features interface software development OTX (GitHub) Lodel Converts documents (.doc, .docx, .odt, XML) CMS dedicated to publishing digital content to XML-TEI, the central format used for Building and upgrading OpenEdition’s Status in 2020: Performed corrective maintenance. uploading to the information system platforms requires us to develop and maintain We began developing an API to centralize access to Status in 2020: Performed corrective maintenance. information stored in Lodel databases (and used by the a number of tools. Some of them use external OpenEdition information system), as well as a client Long-term PAC archiving client modules, but we have also developed some to install a simplified version of the API in our current Internal interface for long-term archival of the software entirely in-house. These software. of our content on CINES PAC programs are part of OpenEdition’s scientific Status in 2020: Launched version 1.0, added filters to Freemium workspace the graphical interface (to improve user-friendliness). production. Managing and administrating Freemium operations (sales via the libraries extranet) and Bilbo v1 In 2020, all of our software underwent basic book operations (publishers extranet) Automatically annotates maintenance (fixing bugs, tweaking features, Status in 2020: Performed corrective maintenance bibliographic references updating programming languages, etc.), and and upgrades. We also upgraded the programming Status in 2020: Performed corrective maintenance. some were upgraded to a new version. language version (to Python 3.7) and framework version (to Django 1.11), installed operations modules PDF/ePub for the New Releases service, and added a feature Generates electronic documents that generates identification keys for subscriber from our platforms in PDF and ePub formats institutions. Status in 2020: Performed corrective maintenance. Information system fundamentals Core The core of the OpenEdition information system, centralizing access interfaces for all services Status in 2020: Performed maintenance, linked reports on OpenEdition Journals to OpenEdition Books. Auth Centralization service for authentication/ authorization of access to OpenEdition content Status in 2020: Performed maintenance, made functional changes to bring institution and consortium authentication and authorization protocols up to COUNTER 5 standards.

CONTENTS OpenEdition: Challenges Ahead

CONTENTS OPENEDITION: CHALLENGES AHEAD | 29

OpenEdition Freemium

OpenEdition Freemium is a partnership The partial closure of institutions and/or their New Freemium services in 2020 program open to institutions (libraries, libraries in 2020 undoubtedly caused part of Subscribers to OpenEdition Freemium campuses, research centers) to help build a the spike in purchases of digital books, for Books and OpenEdition Freemium sustainable economic model for open access. especially in France. for Journals receive additional services. There are two options, one for journals and one This year, digital works were purchased by for book collections. Some services were updated in 2020: 28 new institutions, 13 in France and 15 from During the first lockdown in France (March other countries. To help support science ->The website’s Freemium pages were to May 2020), we worked with journals and publishing, 5 French libraries joined forces to redesigned, and a Tutorials page for users publishers to respond to global requests to place group orders and subscribe to Freemium and librarians was created. facilitate access to publications. During this journals. ->We added a new way to access OpenEdition time, we expanded access to Freemium journal Freemium for Books, using New Releases, content and to a number of publishers. You can which allows users to subscribe to some or all view the list of journals and publishers who of 75 collections and gain immediate access agreed to release their content. to new publications from selected collections. Because we made our content free to the public, The service was expanded in Fall 2020, and COUNTER reported nearly no visits for the the catalog now contains 102 collections from period (there were 29% fewer JR1 visits and 24 publishers. 3.7% fewer BR2 visits in 2020, the first time ->We laid the groundwork for COUNTER 5– numbers have declined since the platform certified usage statistics, with help from the was launched), since authentication was not ezPAARSE team. The tool will officially launch required for access. However, total annual visits in January 2021. increased from 78 million in 2019 to 96 million in 2020.

CONTENTS 30 | OPENEDITION: CHALLENGES AHEAD

↘ OpenEdition Freemium sales (2014-2020, in €)

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

197,000 208,600 245,750 473,400 470,530 531,730 JOURNALS 187,500 +5 % +6 % +18 % +92.64 % -0.6 % +13 %

318,000 368,200 260,200 416,250 501,331 589,891 BOOKS 284,500 +12 % +16 % -29 % +59.97 % +20.44 % +17.7 %

515,000 576,800 505,950 889,650 971,861 1,121,621 JOURNALS + BOOKS 472,000 +9 % +12 % -12 % +75.84 % +9.24 % +15.4 %

-> 1,200,000 OpenEdition Freemium sales, journals and books (2014-2020, in €) 1,000,000

800,000

600 ,000 � Breakdown of income from Freemium products (%) 400,000

66.6 33.4 200,000 Publishers OpenEdition

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

CONTENTS OPENEDITION: CHALLENGES AHEAD | 31

-> REVENDEURS

Breakdown of sales Amazon Kindle by digital booksellers (2020 - in €) 47,490 7Switch

Apple iBookstore

Google Play 85,350 18,800 14,360 Other (mostly independent bookstores) Fnac.com

Kobo.com 9,400 10,630 10,300 Decitre Interactive 4,460 2,616 leslibraires.fr

TOTAL: €203,406 203,406

119,985 105,827

85,137

65,825 -> 44,165 Year-on-year growth 33,335 in sales by digital booksellers 6,092 (2013-2020, in €) 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

CONTENTS 32 | OPENEDITION: CHALLENGES AHEAD

� TOP Views of <- Breakdown of access to OpenEdition Books OpenEdition Journals Breakdown of access to OpenEdition from registered libraries (IP available) - Journals from registered libraries Top 10 countries Views (JR1) Institutions (IP available) - Top 10 countries

Methodology used: France 1,558,691 342 Methodology used: These counts comply with the COUNTER 4 standard. These counts comply with the COUNTER Canada 73 The use of proxy servers by French institutions tends to 405,330 4 standards. The use of proxy servers by downplay the counts as many visits do not use proxies. Belgium 149,124 10 French institutions tends to downplay the counts as many visits do not use proxies Senegal 105,138 3 Switzerland 71,882 8 United States 52,366 19 United Kingdom 20,051 3 TOP Views of Germany 18,577 10 OpenEdition Books Italy 8,554 7 1 Views Finland 6,523 2 (BR2 / by chapter) Institutions 155 142 France 315,378 321 96 Canada 51,637 68 81 65 Senegal 34,141 3 53 45 Switzerland 29,107 9 33 Belgium 23,388 12 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 United States 8,617 22 128 ↗ Germany 4,469 9 Year-on-year growth in number United Kingdom 3,599 3 of Freemium subscribers to (paid) journals Italy 3,566 8 91 Spain 1,810 6 75 61 51

32 <- 7 21 Year-on-year growth in number of purchasers of (paid) digital books 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

CONTENTS OPENEDITION: CHALLENGES AHEAD | 33

As both a service and research entity, processing design, and a new and improved • The primary goal of the project was to add OpenEdition hosts a variety of research and data structure descriptors and gain a new understanding of platform usage by documenting user R&D projects on OpenEdition Lab. The mission • To encourage the use of the software by as behaviors of OpenEdition Lab is to help create new many people as possible to attract contributors knowledge as well as to oversee the deployment We need further qualitative and quantitative Bilbo already has agreements in place with • of innovative services on OpenEdition. studies that combine user behaviors with many agencies and institutions in the digital information on visits to the OpenEdition humanities community. platform and to other publication platforms ->Bilbo v2 ->Appropriations du savoir ouvert (ASO) The new version of Bilbo, which automatically The ASO project (2018–2020) funded by the Aix- annotates bibliographic references, was Marseille University foundation, A*Midex, was finalized and uploaded to the OpenEdition forge created to help us understand how OpenEdition platforms are used. As part of our work, we in late 2020. Though based on the first version installed Umberto and Elinor to demonstrate of Bilbo, the updated version has a completely quantitative and qualitative analyses of platform new design and philosophy. There were three visitation logs. The project ended in 2020. reasons for the upgrade: ASO also resulted in a few realizations: • To ensure software maintenance could be performed on OpenEdition platforms • Since the project is interdisciplinary, we had to come up with a publication strategy that • To make it easier to add and test new helps every field show off its work the best way automatic learning algorithms at various levels possible using simple configuration files, a parallel

CONTENTS 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

BILBO 1 BILBO 2 in test phase BILBO technical study BILBO 2: rewrite of the Review BILBO 2 code uploaded to the implementation MORE LIKE THIS Implementation of Books code in test phase OpenEdition forge (https://gi- on OpenEdition Books in test phase on Calenda of MORE LIKE THIS on OpenEdition Books thub.com/OpenEdition/- bilbo2/) GRAPHER demo First results of UMBERTO, on Calenda First results of the ASO project: Umberto and Elinor prototypes implemented on all the unexpected reader OpenEdition data modeling of users browsing made (https://analytics.hu- Revues.org journals detector feasibility study pathways on the four platforms and ma-num.fr/OpenEditionLab/um- analysis of the reuse of academic bertooe/) content outside the platforms ASO project completed st PhD by Chahinez Benkoussas 1 OpenEdition Datathon with members of the Hycar project Intertextes, Caisse des dpts et consignations PIA, Development of the Digital Economy

PhD by Anas Ollagnier Equipex DILOH PhD by Amal Htait

34 | OPENEDITION: CHALLENGES AHEAD Equipex DILOH Alpha uses (ISTEX)

Appropriations du savoir ouvert (A*Midex)

Creating a complete system for recommended scientific reading

2011 2012 2013 2014 201

Start of research BILBO 1 tested BILBO 1 OpenEdition Review on BILBO and evaluated on implementation of Books demo Revues.org on Revues.org ECHO in test phase GRAPHER demo tested on the journal ASp

Postdoctoral research by Young-Min Kim

PhD by Hussam Hamdam OpenEdition Review of Books, Paca Regional Council

PhD by Chahinez Benkoussas Intertextes, Caisse des dpts et consignations, PIA, Development of the Digital Economy

PhD by Anas Ollagnier Equipex DILOH

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

BILBO 1 BILBO 2 in test phase BILBO technical study BILBO 2: rewrite of the Review BILBO 2 code uploaded to the implementation MORE LIKE THIS Implementation of Books code in test phase OpenEdition forge (https://gi- on OpenEdition Books in test phase on Calenda of MORE LIKE THIS on OpenEdition Books thub.com/OpenEdition/bilbo2/) GRAPHER demo First results of UMBERTO, on Calenda First results of the ASO project: Umberto and Elinor prototypes implemented on all the unexpected reader OpenEdition data modeling of users browsing made (https://analytics.hu-ma- Revues.org journals detector feasibility study pathways on the four platforms and num.fr/OpenEditionLab/um- analysis of the reuse of academic bertooe/) content outside the platforms ASO project completed st PhD by Chahinez Benkoussas 1 OpenEdition Datathon with members of the Hycar project Intertextes, Caisse des dpts et consignations PIA, Development of the Digital Economy

PhD by Anas Ollagnier Equipex DILOH PhD by Amal Htait

Equipex DILOH Alpha uses (ISTEX)

Appropriations du savoir ouvert (A*Midex)

CONTENTS

2011 2012 2013 2014 201

Start of research BILBO 1 tested BILBO 1 OpenEdition Review on BILBO and evaluated on implementation of Books demo Revues.org on Revues.org ECHO in test phase GRAPHER demo tested on the journal ASp

Postdoctoral research by Young-Min Kim

PhD by Hussam Hamdam OpenEdition Review of Books, Paca Regional Council

PhD by Chahinez Benkoussas Intertextes, Caisse des dpts et consignations, PIA, Development of the Digital Economy

PhD by Anas Ollagnier Equipex DILOH OPENEDITION: CHALLENGES AHEAD | 35

Improved bibliographies Number of DOIs detected automatically in bibliographies on OpenEdition Journals

Bibliographic Bibliographic references Percentage references in which DOIs were found

2014 1,042,780 102,516 9.80

2015 1,415,161 140,221 9.90

2016 1,623,763 166,490 10.20

2017 2,013,976 239,621 11.90

2018 2,250,000 284,960 12.66

2019 2,503,916 342,864 13.69

2020 2,886,111 416,471 14.43

Number of DOIs detected automatically in bibliographies on OpenEdition Books

Bibliographic Bibliographic references Percentage references in which DOIs were found

2015 396,049 19,132 4.80

2016 494,852 24,891 5.00

2017 764,754 53,896 7.05

2018 998,140 78,650 7.88

2019 1,123,516 100,546 8.95

2020 1,380,410 122,767 8.89

CONTENTS 36 | OPENEDITION: CHALLENGES AHEAD

Number of "cited by" mentions on OpenEdition Journals

Documents Citable documents1 Percentage cited at least once

2017 88,800 11,100 12.50

2018 107,590 15,930 14.81

2019 123,360 20,031 16.24

2020 241,586 27,859 11.53 2

Number of "cited by" mentions on OpenEdition Books 3

Documents Citable documents1 Percentage cited at least once

2017 75,930 2,003 2.64

2018 104,380 2,800 2.68

2019 156,101 5,148 3.30

2020 189,034 8,597 4.55

1. The number of documents citable 3. The table shows the total number of documents on the platform is the number of documents with a DOI. with a DOI. Every book as well as their chapters has a DOI. Counting 2. The percentage fell in 2020 because DOI registration was only books with DOIs, in 2020, we had 9,792 citable books, 3,670 extended to all types of documents published on OpenEdition (37.48%) of which were cited at least once. Journals (see page 26).

Number of DOIs purchased (cumulative) *

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

46,448 54,260 70,375 143,383 171,720 211,707 276,569 427,188

* See page 26.

CONTENTS OPENEDITION: CHALLENGES AHEAD | 37

International 2020 in numbers development Publications 101 number of documents published In 2020, we consolidated OPERAS, which Reports, papers, now fully encompasses OpenEdition’s and white papers published on Zenodo as part of OPERAS most views received by a document internationalization strategy. We had four main focuses: 2,727 -> Preparing an application to update the ESFRI number of downloads Roadmap 2021. 1,481 ->Growing OPERAS activities and services as part of the TRIPLE (H2020), CO-OPERAS (ANR), and OPERAS-P (H2020) projects. Collaborative number of projects that OPERAS coordinates or is a part of (DiamondS, COESO, OPERAS-P, projects TRIPLE, CO-OPERAS, OPERAS-GER, and EGI-ACE) ->The launch of two new projects: a study of 7 Diamond journals for cOAlition S (results of the study will be published soon) and a new application for the CEOSO citizen science project (H2020). The European Commission accepted Members number of core members (CNRS, IBL Pan, Jisc, the application for funding, and the project will Max Weber Foundation, OAPEN, ZRC SAZU, receive €2.2 million. 10 and the Universities of Coimbra, Turin, and Zadar) ->Creating a structure for some of OPERAS’ AISBL operations, including internal rules number of ordinary members of procedure, an Assembly of Commons, a 41 Scientific Advisory Board, preparations for the number of supporting members General Assembly in 2021, and an Executive (Dariah and DGLFLF) Assembly with a rotating chairperson. The 2 organization’s finances were established and a number of partner organizations budget was formed. 2 (Scielo and PKP)

number of countries 16 in which OPERAS operates

CONTENTS Appendix 1. Appendices 2020 budget

EXPENSES

€ 3,812,523.14

Description € PAYROLL 2,890,829.47

A. OpenEdition (publishing, document, and science platform), administration 419,385.11

B. OpenEdition (technology platform) 600,921.47

C. OpenEdition Books 213,027.52

D. OpenEdition Journals 367,613.96

E. Calenda 60 ,169.39

F. Hypotheses 156,629.96

G. OpenEdition Lab 174,426.76

H. Freemium 217,013.06

I. PVM full-time contracts 336,800.00

J. International development 344,842.24

MISSIONS 25,190.78

EQUIPEX PUBLIC PROCUREMENT 280,000.00

DELIVERY OF SERVICES 368,792.84

EQUIPMENT 62,739.16

RUNNING COSTS 184,970.89

CONTENTS APPENDICES | 39

� INCOME PROJECTS 785,991.00 € 3,812,523.14 Equipex DILOH 472,000.00 Description € CPER 90,000.00 PERMANENT EMPLOYEE PAYROLL 1,573,213.14 A*Midex Appropriations 36,600.00 CNRS 1,155,622.47 OPERA P 92,066.00 EHESS 238,183.60 TRIPLE 42,950.00 Aix-Marseille University 125,708.39 PLACES 6,462.00 University 53,698.68 CO-OPERAS IN 45,913.00

ENDOWMENTS 998,000.00 Income excluding permanent employee payroll 2,239,310.00 20,000.00

Aix-Marseille University 50,000.00

EHESS 40,000.00

MESRI 600,000.00

CNRS 88,000.00

CNRS – DIST 200,000.00

OTHER INCOME 455,319.00

Journal styling 43,519.00

Freemium income 336,800.00

Cairn income 35,000.00

Own resources 40,000.00

->

CONTENTS 40 | APPENDICES

Appendix 2. OpenEdition information system diagram Système d'information d'OpenEdition - janvier 2021

Public and professional Publishing interfaces Shared applications visitor interfaces Add content

Commercial distribution

Commercial information, determining access rights

Library sales interface

Freemium workspace Freemium Interdisciplinary public services Metadata Forms Authentication service (Publishers workspace) (Admin page) Distributor for electronic BookServer (OPDS) isbn.openedition.org booksellers (Books) OAI-PMH (4 plateforms) ONIX formats: DC, QDC, METS, TEI Visit statistics Commercial based on AWStats information Notices Marc/Marc21 Core server Z3950

AWStats access statistics DOI ORCID Publishing Indexing Usage statistics Enriched bibliographies (publishers) (Bilbo) DOAJ ISSN COUNTER 4 Core Data DOAB ABES / Bacon statistics Cited by (SolR) (libraries) Documents index.openedition.org Publishers Funder Registry (Lodel) Persons Website public interfaces Visit statistics + MySQL based on Named entities ezPAARSE TEI + METS (entity-fishing) OpenEdition Books (Lodel) COUNTER 5 Partner booksellers statistics (libraries) OpenText OpenEdition Journals Automatic (Lodel) categorization Usage statistics (publishers) Standardization/ systematizing vocabulary Calenda (Lodel) Visit statistics based on Matomo Hypotheses (Wordpress/ Other in-house Other publication processing (journals, books) catalog in Lodel) services Matomo access statistics

Bilbo TEI (export) PDF / ePub

Permanent archival PAC /CINES

Crossef Machine Learning OPERAS PAC platform Decitre OpenTheso Crossref entity-fishing Hypothes.is ORCID Funder Registry Huma-Num Partner Metrics (CINES) booksellers

CONTENTS APPENDICES | 41

Appendix 3. SFX (Ex Libris) Appendix 4. Indexing LinkSolver (Ovid) Consortia of Freemium Main indexing databases EBSCO Discovery Service program partners Journals Summon (ProQuest) Primo Central (Ex Libris) Directories, catalogs, Consortium Country and search engines Books Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) Directories, catalogs, Couperin France Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE) and search engines Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek (EZB) Directory of Open Access Books (DOAB) Google Scholar BiCfB Belgium Google Scholar JournalTOCs Superintendent of Documents Latindex Classification System (SuDoc) Mir@bel BCI Canada Isidore Superintendent of Documents Classification System (SuDoc) OpenAIRE Isidore WorldCat (OCLC) CIFNAL (CRL) United States OpenAIRE Tools used in Libraries WorldCat (OCLC) ABES Base de connaissance 28 countries from EIFL Eastern Europe, Africa, ERIH PLUS nationale (BACON) the Middle East, and Asia Directory of Open Access A-to-Z (EBSCO) Scholarly Resources (ROAD) 360 Core (Serials Solutions) Tools used in Libraries SFX (Ex Libris) ABES Base de connaissance LinkSolver (Ovid) nationale (BACON) EBSCO Discovery Service A-to-Z (EBSCO) Summon (ProQuest) 360 Core (Serials Solutions) Primo Central (Ex Libris)

CONTENTS Credits

Text, graphics, maps: OpenEdition Licence CC BY

Traduction: Andie HO

Graphic design, production, illustrations: 4minutes34.com

CONTENTS

44 | TITRE DE LA PARTIE