TABLE OF CONTENT

Preface VIII

Bibliographical Abbreviations XI

Chapter One — Introduction

1. The Seminary and the Congregation of the Holy Ghost 1

Foundation and Purpose 1 Organizational Development 3

2. The Origin of the Spiritan Missions in North America 7

3. Areas of Labor in North America .... 8 4. The Plans of the Abbot of Isle Dieu ... 10 Personnel Problems of the Foreign Missions Society 11 The Seminary of 12 The Removal of the Recollects ... 14 The Suppression of the Jesuits ... 18

Chapter Two — Acadian and Indian Missions, 1735^-1772

1. Introduction 21

2. Father Maillard, the Apostle of the Micmacs 26 Linguistic Achievements 26 Conflict with the Recollects 31

Chaplain of Braves on the Warpath . . 32

3. John Le Loutre, the Father of the Acadians 35 First Labors 35 Warfare and Capture 37 The Murder of "Captain" How ... 44 New Hopes 49 The Judas of 52 The Fall of Beausejour. Last Imprisonment of Le Loutre 55

V 4. The "Grand Derangement" 57 The Capture and Deportation of Priests from 57 The Chaplain of Hunted Men: Father Le Guerne 61 The Fall of Louisbourg. Surrender of Father Maillard 68 Father Manach Falls into a Trap .... 74 The Treacherous Capture and Deportation of Father Cocquart 76 5. After the Deportation 78 The "Apostasy" and Death of Father Maillard 78

The Disappearance of Father Cocquart . . 83

Le Loutre and the Acadian Deportees . . 85 Knave or Knight? 89

Chapter Three — The Miquelon Islands, 1765-1793

1. First Settlement 100

2. Deportation and Return 103

3. The 104

Chapter Four — The Maritime Provinces and Magdalen Islands, 1772—1819

1. Father Joseph Bourg 108 Indian Threats and Their Results .... 108 Two Little Deportees 110 "In Journeyings Often" 112

Father Bourg Averts Indian Revolt . . . 113

Emancipation of the Catholics in Halifax . 116 Conflicts in Chaleurs Bay. Death of Father Bourg 118

2. Father Le Jamtel at Cape Breton and Father Allain at the Magdalen Islands 122

Chapter Five — The Quebec Region, 1732—1835

1. The Seminary of Quebec 127

2. Father Rene Allenou de la Ville-Angevin . . 130

VI A Contemporary of Father Poullart des Places, Founder of the Congregation of the Holy Ghost 130 Conflict Between Bishop de Pontbriand and Father Allenou 133

3. Other Spiritans in the Quebec Region ... 138

Chapter Six ~ The United States, 1794—1839

1. Introduction: First Spiritans in the States . . 142

2. Their Early Labors in Guiana 144

3. The French Revolution in Guiana 147 Father Moranville Becomes President of the Revolutionary Assembly 147, Deportation of Herard, Duhamel and Other Spiritans 149

Moranville's Escape from Cayenne . . . 150

4. "The Good Moranville" in Baltimore . . . . 151 First Years 1795—1805 .... 151 The Pastor of St. Patrick's Church 153 Last Illness and Death .... 160

5. Father Herard in the Virgin Islands . . 160

Sad Conditions of the Church . . . 160 The Schism of Father Desbonchamps 163 The Schism of the Fugitive Trappist, Fa- ther Jeremiah Flynn 165

6. Last Years of Fathers Duhamel and Herard . 177

Epilogue . 180

Appendix: List of Spiritan Priests in North Ame-

rica, 1732-1839 . 182

Bibliography 184

Index of Names 205

Index of Subject Matter 209

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