A SOCIALIST NEWSWEEKLY/PUBLISHED IN THE INTERESTS OF THE WORKING PEOPLE

May 5 actions protest high prices II II

March in Boston, MayS. For reports on demonstrations around the country, see page3. In Brief YAF CAMPAIGNS FOR SCAB LETTUCE: On May 5, IRANIAN STUDENTS PROTEST MASSACRE: More 150 people demonstrated to support the United Farm than 200 people, mostly Iranian students, held a demon­ Workers boycott of Safeway and nonunion lettuce .and stration in San Francisco April 26, to protest the massacre in opposition to the sale of "liberty lettuce" by the Young of 28 student demonstrators and the closing of the uni­ THIS Americans for Freedom. The protest was held at a Seattle versities in Iran. The massacre occurred in the wake of Safeway store. YAF ran a large ad in the University of massive student protests in Iran against the shah's recent Washington daily offering a 15-cent reduction for each $2-billion arms purchase from the Pentagon and his com­ WEEK'S head of nonunion lettuce purchased at Safeway. plicity with U.S. oil interests in the Persian Gulf. Gary Johnson, Socialist Workers Party candidate for The demonstration, called by the Northern California MILITANT Seattle city council, participated in the demonstration, ex­ Iranian Students Association in an attempt to break the 4 Dems tread lightly on pressing SWP support for the United Farm Workers strug­ news blackout on these events, is one of a series of na­ Watergate gle. tional and international protests against the student mas­ 9 YSA conference in sacre. Shouting slogans such as "Shah is a U.S. pup­ pet" and singing Iranian student songs, the demonstrators Detroit repels NCLC marched to the Iranian consulate. The consulate refused hoodlums Maceo Dixon arrested to acknowledge that any massacre had occurred. 10 U.S. bomber crews: 'Stop this insanity!' on trumped-up charge RALLY FOR LOS TRES DEL BARRIO: A rally, spon­ 1.1 Nixon escalates threats DETROIT, May 9- Maceo Dixon, Socialist Workers Party sored by .the Committee to Free Los Tres del Barrio, of war candidate for mayor and a leader of the fight to abolish the three Chicano activists victimized for their campaign STRESS, was arrested by Detroit police today. He was against drugs in the Chicano community, will be held 12 South Africa profits charged with "deviating from a parade route," a mis­ in Los Angeles May 19. Featured speakers at the rally from gold sales demeanor. include Corky Gonzales of the Denver Crusade for Jus­ 13 Disputes at convention The charge apparently stems from Dixon's role as one tice and the well-known Puerto Rican natJonalist, Carlos of Puerto Rican Indepen­ of the organizers of the protest march against STRESS Feliciano. The rally will begin at noon at Hollenbeck dence Party Park. For more information, contact the Committee to 14 Lebanese army attacks Free Los Tres, 4400 Huntington Dr. S., Los Angeles, Calif. Telephone: (213) 2'23-3471. Palestinians 15 Community protests CHICANOS CELEBRATE CINCO DE MAYO: More than rigging of N.Y. school 500 people attended a Cinco de Mayo (May 5) celebra­ board election tion at the University of California at San Diego, com­ 16 SWP fought to open memorating the battle that overthrew French rule in Mex­ doors to Nazi victims ico. The celebration was sponsored by city-wide MECHA, the Chicano student organization. 17 CUNY students protest In addition to mariachis and a performance by the cutbacks Teatro Mestizo, several Chicano leaders spoke at the event. 18 Raza Unida wins seats These included Alurista, a well-known Chicano poet; Raul in Texas :;,-'::~ Ruiz, a leader of the Los Angeles Raza Unida Party; and 19 Why NAM preferred Militant/Charles Ostrofsky Antonio Rodriguez, one of Los Tres del Barrio. Berkeley Dems Corky Gonzales, leader of the Crusade for Justice in Denver, spoke about the defense of the Chicanos arrested 21 Detroit sets sales record held Saturday, April 28. Police claim the marchers failed to follow the "authorized" march route. recently as a result of a police raid on the Crusade dor­ 24 N.Y. Blacks protest STRESS, a special plainclothes police "anticrime" squad, mitory, and expressed solidarity with the struggle at police brutality has been waging a campaign of terror against Detroit's Wounded Knee. United Farm Workers leader Cesar Cha­ Black community. vez discussed the struggle of the farm workers in the cur­ 2 In Brief On the day of the demonstration, Detroit cops harassed rent grape and lettuce boycotts. 6 In Our Opinion several protest organizers in a clear attempt to intimidate 1,200 ATTEND LESBIAN CONFERENCE: A West Coast Letters them. Lesbian Conference held at the University of California 7 La Raza en Accion Dixon was freed on $100 bond after spending four at Los Angeles April 13-15 drew more than 1,200 women hours in jail. He will appear in court tomorrow morning. National Picket Line from 36 states and at least three foreign countries. Open In a statement to the press, Dixon denounced this latest to all women, the event was organized by a Los Angeles­ Great Society 8 police harassment as "an attempt to silence the ~rowing based group .:ailed Lesbian Activist Women. Women in Revolt outcry against Detroit police brutality. If our demonstra­ The conference included keynote speeches by Robin By Any Means Neces­ tion was illegal, why did the cops choose to wait 12 days Morgan and Kate Millett, and workshops on lesbian iden­ sary before filing these charges?" tity, fine arts, publication, lesbian activism, socialism, 18 Campaigning for Social­ Dixon reiterated his determination to focus his mayoralty and feminism. The program also included entertainment campaign on the issue of police terror directed at the ism by lesbian poets, singers and filmmakers, as well as a Black community, and to continue his efforts in support gay women's art show. 20 In Review of the Coalition to Abolish STRESS. Indicating a high degree of interest in socialist ideas, 21 American Way of Life conference participants purchased $1,100 of socialist and COUNTER CELEBRATION OF ISRAEL'S ANNIVER­ radical literature at a table sponsored by the Los Angeles WORLD OUTLOOK SARY: On May 7, at the same time that Senator Edward Militant Bookstore and Granma Bookstore in Berkeley. 1 Struggle of French im­ Kennedy was speaking in Boston on the virtues of Israel, One hundred copies of The Militant were sold. migrant workers more than 300 people were attending a teach-in on the - MIRTA VIDAL 3 World News Notes Middle East at Boston University. The teach-in was spon­ sored by the May 15 Coalition, a group of Arab students, 4 Fascist threat mounts in non-Zionist Jews, and supporters of the Palestinian lib­ Chile eration struggle, to counter the big hullabaloo surround­ YOUR FIRST ing the twenty-fifth anniversary of the formation of Israel. Speakers at the event included Eqbal Ahmad, a Pakistani ISSUE? and one of the defendants in the Harrisburg conspiracy case; Immanuel Sarjoun of the Israeli Socialist Organiza­ tion; Robert Langston of the Socialist Workers Party; and SUBSCRIBE THE MILITANT Muhammed Hussein, a Palestinian student at the Massa­ chusetts Institute of Technology and a member of the TO THE VOLUME 37/NUMBER 19 May 15 Coalition. MAY 18, 1973 CLOSING NEWS DATE-MAY 9, 1973 HOW TO FIGHT INFLATION: The three New York MILITANT branches of the Socialist Workers Party have decided to While the FBI, CIA, and CREEP were conspmng against Editor: MARY-ALICE WATERS Ellsberg and Russo ... The Militant was exposing the Penta­ Business Manager: SHARON CABANISS launch a special campaign to sell the timely new pamphlet Southwest Bureau: HARRY RING entitled Inflation- What Causes It- How to Fight It by gon papers trial as a political . frame-up. The Watergate Linda Jenness and Dick Roberts (Pathfinder Press, 25 revelations have now shown who the real criminals are. Published weekly by The Militant Publishing Ass'n., For the truth, read The Militant. 14 Charles Lone, New York, N.Y. 10014. Phone: Ed­ cents). The branches have ordered special bundles of itorial Office !212) 243-6392; Business Office (212) _ the new pamphlet to sell at supermarkets, high schools, 929-3486. Southwest Bureau: 11071/2 N. Western college campuses, and on street corners. INTRODUCTORY OFFER Ave., Los Angeles, Calif. 90029. Phone: (213) 463- ( ) $1 for three months of The Militant. 1917. POSTAL WORKERS PROTEST SPEEDUP: One hundred Correspondence concerning subscriptions or changes ( ) $2 for three months of The Militant and three months of address should be addressed to The Militant Busi­ postal workers rallied in San Francisco's Union Square of the International Socialist Review. ness Office, 14 Charles Lane, New York, N.Y. 10014. on April 21 to protest working conditions in the postal ( ) $5 for one year of The Militant Second-class postage paid at New York, N.Y. Sub­ service. L. K. May, an official of the National Association ( ) New ( ) Renewal scription: Domestic, S5 a year; foreign, S8. By first­ of Letter Carriers, demanded an end to the speedup in class mail: domestic and Canada, S25; all other coun­ tries, $41. Air printed matter: domestic and Canada, the postal system, saying, "We are people not beasts. NAME------­ S32; Latin America and Europe, S40; Africa, Australia, You can do only so much work in a day." The workers ADDRESS------­ Asia (including USSR), S50. Write for sealed air pos­ circulated a list of 10 demands aimed at better services CITY------STATE------ZIP---- tage rates. for the public. Among the demands were more frequent 14 Charles Lane, New York, N.Y. 10014. Signed articles by contributors do not necessarily represent The Militant's views. These are exp,..essed collections and deliveries and reasonable postal rates. in editorials.

2 Trade unions, consumers join forces May 5: step forward in anti-inflation fight By CINDY JAQUITH Organization for Women (NOW); Tim office space to build the rally. The community, joined forces to help build MAY 8 -"If perhaps you are }V"Onder­ Craine, Detroit Coalition to End the Washington (D. C.) Teachers Union the May 5 demonstrations. ing why you were called here today, War; Maceo Dixon, Socialist Workers also made its office available, as did Organizers viewed the May 5 pro­ then I can assume you are indepen­ Party candidate for Detroit mayor; Local 1930 of the American Federa­ tests as the initial step in building dently wealthy, do not work for a and Peggy Goldman, Communist Par­ tion of State, County and Municipal an ongoing movement against high living or are not seeking employment, ty. Employees (AFSCME) in New York. prices. The modest size of Saturday's pay no taxes to speak of, and eat In New York, close to 400 dem­ Locals of the Amalgamated Meat actions was attributed to the fact that filet mignon," said Paula Reimers, onstrators came to a rally chaired Cutters union supported the actions this is a brancf new movement and chairwoman of the Michigan Commit­ by Florence Rice of the Harlem Con­ in several cities. In Washington, D. C., to the short time period available to tee Against High Prices. Addressing sumers Educational Council. Speak­ Local 593 actively built the May 5 build the actions. the May 5 rally in Detroit against ers included Al Evanoff, vice-president committee, and the local's president, Many speakers urged rally partic­ inflation, she continued, "But if your of District 65 of the Distributive Work­ Bill Sellars, was a coordinator of the ipants to go out and organize others name isn't Ford or Rockefeller or ers of America; Sharon Enea, West- demonstration. in this fight. "Each one of you here --.....-: Many trade-union speakers on May today must be a sergeant in the battle . 5 refuted Nixon's claim that wage ahead," Sharon Enea of Westchester fiNtw . .· increases cause inflation. "The wage­ Against Inflation Now told the New L price freeze. is a mockery on all of York rally. "This is just the beginning; us except the wealthy," Mike Kerwin we're going to fight on from here," of UAW CAP told the Detroit rally. said Andrea Childress, of Seattle Fight "We know prices aren't frozen. People Inflation Together (FIT). on fixed wages, pensions . . . are fro­ Demonstrators found that passersby zen all right-frozen in hell." were sympathetic and in some cases "Even if prices were to stop where joined the protests. A picket line in they are," said AI Evanoff at the New York demonstration, "our members still couldn't eat as they should." Ev­ anoff pledged, "We will support any action you call to continue the strug­ gle." At the Seattle action, which took the form of a speak out, one longshore­ man got up to compare the rise in wages since World War II to the rise

'\.!.::':$&// in prices. "The prices of meat and New York demonstration against high prices, May 5 other basic foodstuffs have increased 100 percent," he said, "while wages have only increased 50 percent." Just a week before the May 5 . ac­ Onassis or Nixon, then you are not chester Against Inflation Now; and tions, on April 28, the United Labor wondering why you are here-you Democratic National Committeeman Action Committee ( ULAC), a coali­ know why." Robert Dreyfoos. tion of Bay Area unions, held a rally The Detroit rally, which drew 500 Prominent speakers in other cities of several thousand in San Francisco people, a quarter of them Black, was were Congresswoman Pat Schroeder to protest prices and wage controls. one of more than a dozen actions ( D-Colo. ), who spoke in Denver; Leon Seventy trade unionists attended a against high prices held around the Schachter, international vice-president ULAC meeting May 5, where they Militant/Gene Yzquierdo country May 5. The protests were of the Amalgamated Meat Cutters and voted unanimously to continue the local trade unions played important role called by the National Consumers Butcher Workmen, who spoke 'in Phil­ work of the organization. in helping initiate May 5 actions against Congress at an April 11 meeting in adelphia; and, Frank Valenta, head The National Peace Action Coali­ inflation. Washington, D. C. of the Cleveland AFL-CIO. tion ( NPAC), the Student Mobiliza­ Despite the short time in which they In San Francisco, Mayor Joseph tion Committee ( SMC), and many oth­ Houston at a large supermarket at­ were built, the demonstrations received Alioto declared May 5 "San Francisco er antiwar organizations also helped tracted about 30 people, most of them broad sponsorship from trade unions, Consumer Awareness Day," and the build the May 5 protests. NPAC and Blacks, who PlCked up signs and be­ consumer groups, women's organiza­ city board of supervisors endorsed SMC speakers at rallies pointed to gan marching. The Houston demon­ tions, forces fighting cutbacks in so­ the local demonstration. Two hundred war spending as a major cause of stration was the lead story on the cial services, and political groups. people participated in the action. inflation. 6 o'clock news on one TV station This support reflected the depth of Seattle Mayor Wes Uhlman sent The war in Southeast Asia was a that evening. anger in this country against the gov­ greetings to the May 5 rally in his recurrent theme. "Drop prices, not ·Earlier in the week, the "Today ernment's failure to halt inflation, city. bombs!" was a popular chant among while big corporations continue to Show" covered a protest by Minneap­ the 200 marchers in Boston, for ex­ profit. Role of trade unions olis women, who wheeled empty shop­ ample. One of the banners read, "If In Detroit, speakers included Mike Local trade unions took the lead in ping carts down Nicollet Mall to pub­ the war is over, why are we paying Kerwin, of the United Auto Workers several cities, picking up the call for licize May 5. for it?" Community Action Program ( UAW May 5 protests and reaching out to Another example of the wide news Speakers at the May 5 rallies drew CAP); Doyle Worley, speaking for the involve other forces in the actions. ·coverage for the price protests was on the lessons of tlie antiwar move­ Metropolitan AFL-CIO; Dr. Claude In Detroit, the Metropolitan AFL-CIO newspaper coverage given a May 4 ment. "In May of 1970 Nixon marched Young, Southern Christian Leader­ printed 40,000 leaflets for the May 5 debate in Portland on "Who's Respon­ into Cambodia and we marched him ship Conference ( SCLC); Joan Israel, action, . and Local 2000 of the Amer­ sible for High Food Prices?" The head out," Paula Reimers said at the De­ president of the Michigan National - ican Federation of Teachers provided of the Oregon Beef Council and the troit rally, pointing to the power of Oregon Cattlemen's Association, Don mass actions like the 1970 student Ostensoe, debated Sue Welsh of the strike. Portland State University student gov­ Consumers' faith in economy "Didn't someone have to start a rally ernment and the Young Socialist Al­ like this to force President Johnson liance. 'shattered,' says survey [out]?" asked Doyle Worley, referring Other cities where demonstrations People's confidence in the U.S. clearer, however, by looking at to Johnson's early retirement under took place were Chicago, Los Angeles, economy has been "shattered" in the jobless rate for teenagers, 15.4 the pressure of the mass antiwar San Diego, and Austin. recent months, according to a sur­ percent; young veterans, 9.1 per­ movement. vey conducted by the University cent; and Blacks, 9.1 percent. The importance of massive, visible of Michigan. The poll shows that Not everybody has to worry actions to protest inflation was also 44 percent of the American people about getting a job and paying emphasized by Cleveland AFL-CIO expect that the rate of inflation bills, however. Richard Gersten­ head Frank Valenta, who said, "Peo­ will increase in the next year. In berg of General Motors and Henry ple are sick of sending letters to pol­ addition, half of those questioned Ford II, for example, "earn" iticians." In a speech covered widely anticipate a recession in the next $875,000 a year as heads of their by the news media, Valenta said that five years. corporations. Business is so good, street demonstrations and protest ral­ This "lack of confidence" is well in fact, they might even get a raise lies are the most effective ways to justified. The industrial sector of this year: contrary to their whining win demands. He commented that the the Wholesale Price Index for about "labor costs," in 1972 the labor movement will have to relearn April rose by 1.3 percent, the high­ top 500 corporations had their the lessons of its own past struggles. est rate in 22 years. Before long, biggest jump in profits since 1959. · Another theme was the importance this jump will be translated into Sales were up 10.8 percent, and of linking the fight against high prices another increase in consumer total profits of $27.8-billion were to the struggle against Nixon's slash­ prices. up 18.9 percent. And in the first ing of funds for social services. Many Unemployment remains at 5 three months of 1973, overall cor­ groups involved in the anti-cutback percent, 4.4 million jobless. The porate profits were up by 24 per­ struggle, such as the National Wel­ severe impact of unemployment is cent! fare Rights Organization, child-care Mi coalitions, and groups in the Black Detroit demonstrators, May 5

THE MILITANT/MAY 18, 1973 3 AT STAKE IS CONFIDENCE II OOVERIMEIT DEMOCRATS TREAD LIGHTLY ON WATERGATE By PETER SEIDMAN Goldwater spoke of Democratic tactics Last week, in the wake of increasing similar to Watergate in describing the evidence directly incriminating the wrongdoing he was talking about. president, former Defense Secretary "What will end up," he said, "will be a Melvin Laird told reporters that if curse on both your parties from the Nixon was in fact guilty of any Water­ public's point of view." gate crimes, "I don't. want to know." And that, of course, is exactly why That kind of disclosure would be very both· the· Democratic and Republican bad for the country, he said. politicians are so distressed about Laird is not the only one who fears Watergate. that the chain reaction of exposures Watergate does not disturb these now exploding through Washington capitalist politicians because the U. S. will shatter Nixon's authority. government committed crimes ranging -The Christian Science Monitor ex­ from breaking and entering to attempt­ plained, on May 4, that the latest ing to bribe a federal judge. They demands for an independent investi­ know that these are standard gation into Watergate are being raised operating methods in Washington. so that "exploration of the scandal What upsets them is that the U. S. will pass out of Phase 1, the almost public found out about them! daily disclosure of new aspects based The Watergate exposures have un­ on anonymous 'informed sources'­ dermined public confidence in capi­ into Phase 2, the testimony of sworn talist rule as a whole. Arthur Burns, witnesses before official bodies." chai~man of the Federal Reserve Such an investigation might result Board, explained this to a graduating in the punishment of a minority of class at George Washington Univer­ the many government officials guilty sity. The American people, he said, of Watergate crimes, but it could also "have come to feel that their lives, turn the finger of public suspicion their fortunes, and their opportunities away from Nixon and relieve the at­ are increasingly beyond their control, mosphere of panic among government and that they are in large part being bureaucrats now implicated in the shaped for them by their govern­ scandal. It is this panic that is causing ment." many officials to try to shift blame At the same time, Burns added, onto others by talking so freely to "more and more Americans have al­ grand juries and reporters right now. so come to feel that their government lacks either the knowledge or the com- As Republican Senator Charles Per­ cy explained, "Let us get on with the "I'm sorry-1 don't recognize any of them ••• !" important task of governing, but let us remember that we cannot govern to maintaining the illusions of masses being relatively quiet about the whole unless we have the support of the peo­ of people that capitalist rule "cannot thing. Only the barest hint of gloating ple. The best way of ensuring the faith possibly be questioned," they are be­ appears in their circumspect public rMOSCOW: LITTLE and the trust of the people is to ap­ ing very cautious in how they exploit statements. . . . point a special prosecutor whose mo­ the Watergate scandal for their own "The reason given to the public for W'OATE NEWS tives, actions, and conclusions cannot partisan benefit. this· surprising Democraticforbearance Writing from Moscow on May 3, possibly be questioned." Frank Jackman, writing in the May involves some sort of red, white and New York Times correspondent Because the Democrats are as com­ 5 New York Daily News, for example, blue blather about not wanting Hedrick Smith explained, "This is mitted as their Republican opponents noted, "oddly enough, the Dems are to weaken the presidency at this criti­ the one big world capital where cal hour. a Nixon Administration official "No . . the basic reason why the can escape the Watergate night- Dems are laying off has nothing to mare." NIXON'S 'HONORABLE' MEN ... do with patriotism. It's more a ques­ The Kremlin bureaucrats have It is said that in times of crisis, Mitchell, once the nation's "chief law tion of self-preservation.... " a stake in the detente they have a person's true character is tested enforcement officer" (now retired), Or, as House Democratic majority recently negotiated with the Nixon administration at the expense of and revealed. How have some of is demonstrating the Nixon admin­ leader Thomas 0' Neill put it, in try­ the struggles of the Vietnamese Nixon's most prominent supporters istration's new respect for a "vig­ ing to squelch any talk of impeach­ people against U.S. imperialism. stood up in the midst of the greatest orous and free press." When a wom­ ment proceedings among his col­ Wishing neither to be tainted itself governmental scandal in U.S. his­ an reporter put her head inside his leagues, "The Republicans are doing by the scandal nor to embarrass tory? car, Mitchell told -his driver, "Don't a good job messing up themselves. its new "ally," the conservative bu­ Ronald Reagan, California's rac­ cut off this poor girl's head, just . . . Let's stay out of it for awhile." reaucratic caste that rules the ist "law and order" governor, cur­ smash the door on her finger." George McGovern, presidential stan­ Kremlin has limited news cover­ rently seeking the restoration of the And former Democrat John Con­ dard bearer for the Democrats age of the U. S. to reports that, death penalty in his state so that nally, in a· move toward securing in 1972, actually took the opportunity according to Smith, are "striking a stop can be put to the coddling the Republican presidential nomi­ afforded by the Watergate scandal to for the lack of biting commen­ of criminals, was quick to let his nation in 1976, announced on May praise Nixon (who, after all, ac­ taries." views be known. The Watergate 2 that he was joining_ the GOP. cording to the Watergate revelations, Indeed, the first news of Water­ spies were "not criminals at heart" (Or, as one spiteful Democrat put had devoted considerable resources of gate did not appear in Pravda, but "well-meaning individuals," Rea­ it, "jumping on to the sinking ship.") his own to helping McGovern secure the newspaper of the Communist gan said. "illegal," would be a bet­ Connally justified his ill-timed con­ the Democratic nomination!), "It is not Party of the USSR, until April 29. ter word for the Watergate raid than version by explaining that the Re­ an easy thing for a president to ad­ mit a mistake, but it is perhaps essen­ Pravda quoted Patrick Gray as "criminal," preached the governor. publican Party "now best represents tial to the nation that he can.... " saying he had to resign because H. R. Haldeman, the president's my own personal convictions." But McGovern was quick to defend of "accusations," and reported that closest assistant, now unemployed, With such a collection of Nixon· the Democrats against Nixon's April the Washington Post said there has sought to win public sympathy stalwarts, it is no wonder that the 30 charge that during the 1972 cam­ was a "scandal." There was no by explaining that "every President spiritual adviser to the Watergate paign, "excesses were committed on all hint in Pravda's story that Nixon needs his s. o. b. and I'm Nixon's." gang, Billy Graham, prayed: "Let's sides." or the Republican Party was in­ Former attorney general John face it-we need supernatural help!" Speaking for the party of Vietnam volved. Feiller bomber Lyndon Johnson and racists J r~nu: TO 1Ht5 I~V'ICTeD STATES George Wallace and Lester Maddox, A MIL../..10/V- OF AHfRICA- McGovern said, "I emphatically reject the notion that I or my. colleagues petence to make good on the promises or my party in the presidential elec­ that it holds out to the people." tion condoned or would have coun­ The latest Gallup Poll, taken after tenanced activities of a criminal Nixon's April 30 address, underscores nature." both the accuracy of Burns's analysis A few days later, conservative Re­ and the extent of the problem this WITh W?tRW 1"->CffRATIVf- F~ AL.L. publican Senator Barry Goldwater dis­ poses for the capitalist rulers. agreed, predicting in the May 4 Chris­ Of those who saw or heard about tian Science Monitor that the Demo­ Nixon's speech, 50 percent believe that crats are going to be deeply involved the President partiCipated in a cover in a scandal of their own pretty soon. up of the scandal. By a margin of "The Democrats," Goldwater told re-· 4 to 3, those polled said they still porters, "are going to be in this in thought the president was not telling a livid, vivid way before this is over." Continued on page 22

4 'Enraged' by release of Pentagon P-aP-ers . - Nixon's plot to jail Ellsberg exposed

By HAYDEN PERRY New York Times reporter who first LOS ANGELES, May 7- The contin­ leaked the story. In addition, the tele­ uing torrent of revelations flowing phones of at least two New York from the Watergate scandal has brok­ Times reporters were tapped, as were en the government's case against Dan­ those of at least 10 White House staff iel Ellsberg and Anthony Russo wide members. open. The facts that have now been Hunt says that he warned against made public prove that Ellsberg is prosecuting Ellsberg, since he believed the victim of a politically motivated that this might turn Ellsberg into a prosecution, which has been riddled political m·artyr. However, he said, with lies, illegal withholding of evi­ others in the administration wanted dence, and even an attempt to bribe to damage Ellsberg's public image the judge. in order to undermine the prestige The facts that have come to light he had won as a result of releasing show that President Nixon, enraged the truth about the war. It was sug­ by Ellsberg's release of the Pentagon gested that an examination of Ells­ papers, personally set into motion a berg's psychiatric records might turn plot to punish Ellsberg for his role up some damaging material that in helping the U. S. people learn part could be used against him. White House requested FBI to assemble reports on Ellsberg (left) and Patricia Marx of the truth about the war. This ven­ A direct approach was made by the (right) following publication of Pentagon papers. detta was supervised by top White FBI to Dr. Lewis Fielding, Ellsberg's House aide John Ehrlichman, who psychiatrist, but Fielding refused to helped bring the CIA into action violate the confidence of his patient. (Robert Cushman has since become him the post of FBI director, but that against Ellsberg. The White House then decided that the commandant of the Marine Corps he refused to discuss such an assign­ As more and more officials in the more covert efforts should be made and is a member of the Joint Chiefs ment while presiding in the Ellsberg­ Nixon administration begin to tell fed­ to obtain Ellsberg's records: of Staff.) Russo trial. However, he didn't ex­ eral investigators about their roles in Egil Krogh, a White House aide, "There was absolutely nothing in plain why a second meeting was nec­ the campaign of espionage and sabo­ and David Young, an official of the writing," the source said. "There was essary with Ehrlichman to make this tage organized by the White House National Security Agency who is a only one call, just a little lean-on call point, or what he and Ehrlichman against its political opponents, it has close associate of Henry Kissinger, by Ehrlichman." did discuss in these two encounters. become clear that what has been called organized a "plumbers" team headed But this one call was enough. Hunt The defense is now planning to seek "the Watergate scandal" in reality ex­ by Hunt and G. Gordon Liddy to find and Liddy proceeded to organize an dismissal of the charges against Ells­ tends far beyond the 1972 presidential the source of news leaks plaguing the elaborate plan to burgle Fielding's berg and Russo on the grounds that election campaign. administration. These included not 'on­ offices- including flying in Bernard the White House and Judge Byrne Crimes like those exposed in the ly the Pentagon papers but also pub­ Barker and two counterrevolutionary , have both been severely compromised Watergate scandal are standard oper­ lished accounts of Washington's posi­ Cuban exiles from Miami, obtaining by this bribery. Defense attorney ating procedure for the U. S. govern­ tion during the Indo-Pakistani war elaborate photographic equipment, Leonard Weinglass has noted that had ment. The dramatic revelations in the and on the Strategic Arms Limitation and making use of secret CIA tele­ the defense offered the judge a job Pentagon papers trial are powerful Treaty talks. The idea that the U.S. phone numbers and "safehouses." during the trial "the entire defense team proof of this. people were finding out about govern­ These actions by the CIA are not would be in jail." Rather than allow more of these ment policies infuriated the White only criminal in their own right but The Ellsberg-Russo defense is also crimes to be exposed, Pentagon papers House. are strictly forbidden by the 1947 Na­ seeking dismissal of the case on the trial judge Matthew Byrne-who is Krogh has now told reporters that tional Security Act, which expressly grounds that the charges aga~nst the himself now implicated in the White at his initiative Hunt and Liddy orga­ bars· the CIA from having any "po­ defendants represent selective political House plot against Ellsberg and nized the burglary of Fielding's Bev- lice, subpoena, law-enforcement pow­ prosecution directed from the White ers or internal security functions." House; also that the trial "proceeding However, despite these legal restric­ has been characterized by prosecutor­ tions on domestic activities, the CIA's ial abuse extending all the way to the involvement with the White House at­ White House itself, which is un­ tempt to "get Ellsberg" didn't end with paralleled in the history of American the Fielding "bag job." After failing to jurisprudence." obtain any damaging material on Despite a clear record of "prosecu­ Ellsberg from his psychiatrist's office, torial abuse"- a record that began the White House gang again went to long before the White House asked the the C lA for help, this time to a special CIA to help smear the defendants and "psychological assessment unit." before it tried to bribe the judge­ According to Hunt, this unit is main­ Judge Byrne has refused to halt the tained to "provide in effect second­ trial. Instead, he has asked the gov­ hand profiles of persons of interest to ernment to submit all documents that the United States government." Hunt might tend to prove these charges to says the unit has ''been on-going for his court! The defense quite accurate­ years." ly points out that, given the govern­ Here the plotters obtained a psycho­ ment's record, this is like asking a logical profile of Ellsberg, which was guilty person to investigate himself. made by CIA agent Dr. Bernard If Judge Byrne rules against the Melloy. motion for dismissal, the defense has The charge of CIA participation in stated it will seek to subpoena every­ the attempt to "get Ellsberg" is con­ one in the Wh.ite House involved in firmed by .the fact that many of the the scandal. operatives arrested in the Watergate It is highly unlikely that Nixon break-in itself had links to the CIA wants to see any of his aides testify­ White House staff members Howard Hunt (left) and Gordon Liddy (right) organized (Huntwas hired on the recommenda­ ing publicly under oath as the Ells­ berg trial proceeds. The president burglary of office of Ellsberg's psychiatrist. tion of former CIA director Richard Helms) and believed they were in fact must know that his White House staff­ working on a CIA mission. This ers don't look very good when they Russo- may dismiss charges against erly Hills office. raises a question posed by the May 7 are forced to scurry out into broad the defendants. This would be a ma­ Hunt explained, however (accord­ Christian Science Monitor, "Who au­ daylight. jor victory for all opponents of the ing to "a source" quoted in the May 7 thorized any C.IA involvement? Most Vietnam war and defenders of the civil New York Times), that when he be­ especially: In how many-if any­ liberties of the U.S. people. gan to organize the mission, he found acts of political espionage was the that he could not get the help he want­ agency involved during last year's Nixon infuriated ed and needed from the CIA without presidential campaign?" The publication of the Pentagon pa­ "further authority." On May 2, Pentagon papers trial pers in June 1971 infuriated the Nix­ judge Matthew Byrne first released de­ on administration. Howard Hunt, the tails of his discussions with White convicted Watergate conspirator who Help from CIA House aide John Ehrlichman. Byrne was also the organizer of the burglary The source said, "Hunt went to Mr. currently admits to having held two of the office of Daniel Ellsberg's psy­ Krogh, who took the problem to his meetings with Ehrlichman, on April chiatrist, has now told a grand jury superior, Ehrlichman. 5 and April 7. In view of the fact that that the White House then developed "Ehrlichman makes a telephone call Ehrlichman has now been directly im­ "an intense amount of interest in Mr. to [at that time deputy director of the plicated in the plan to involve the CIA Ellsberg." CIA Robert] Cushman, and says, in smearing Ellsberg, these discus­ ·The FBI assembled a series of re­ 'Hey, these guys need some chores sions take on a particularly sinister ports on Ellsberg; on Patricia Marx, done. Won't you take care of it?' character. Nixon tried to bribe Pentagon papers his wife; and on Neil Sheehan, the Cushman says, '0. K., I'll do it.'" Byrne says that Ehrlichman offered trial judge Matthew Byrne.

THE MILITANT/MAY 18, 1973 5 In Our Opinion Letters

'Labor Committee' Anti-Semitism." The leaflet states that not all anti-Zionist groups are anti­ Era of labor peace? As an independent Marxist- · Semitic, but the YSA is. To get at The Nixon administration, along with corporation executives De Leonist (formerly a member of the truth the Brooklyn College stu­ the Socialist Labor Party), I wish and their lieutenants among the union officialdom, have been dent government invited the group's to strongly condemn and resolutely proclaiming a "new era of labor peace." They have point­ chairman, Carl Gershman, to speak denounce the brutal, savage attacks at the teach-in. He agreed. On the ed to the recent settlement negotiated between the United by the so-called National Caucus of eve of the teach-in, however, he Rubber Workers union and Goodyear as a model of the Labor Committees. called to state that he "didn't want way this year's contract negotiations should go. That is, Failing in the field of ideological to appear on the same side with the they want low wage increases (only 16 percent over three debate, these cowardly thugs are right-wing nuts" (the United Zionist years at Goodyear), no escalator clauses to offset inflation, doing the despicable dirty work Revisionists USA). and no strikes. usually reserved for the capitalist The first speaker at the teach-in, police. The "Labor Committee" has But more than 10,000 B. F. Goodrich workers went out Peter Buch of the Socialist Workers earned the contempt of the working on strike May 8. They refused to accept a contract along Party, exposed this hypocrisy by class and all socialist revolutionaries. the lines of the Goodyear settlement, which the rubber com­ pointing out that the "right-wing nuts" A reader panies are trying to use as a pattern for the whole industry. were the ones passing out most Pasadena, Calif. At the big Goodyear plant in Akron, Ohio, the workers of the leaflets of the YCPD! He voted down the contract with Goodyear, although a major­ showed that behind the scenes the ity of locals around the country voted for ratification. social democrats of the Young The rulers of this country don't like these signs of workers People's Socialist League (some of Chicano coverage whose leaders play a key role in fighting for their rights. The New York Times, mouthpiece I am one of the students who was YCPD) ally with right-wingers, for an influential section of the capitalist class, ran an ed­ involved in the recent walkout in but ip a public debate they always itorial calling the Goodrich strike "the first somber warn­ Oakland, Calif. [see The Militant, shy away from them. ing" that "moderation" and "restraint" on the wage front may April 13). I would like to acknowl­ These "moderates" are ashamed at be "cracking." When the capitalists tell workers to be "mod­ edge my thanks, both personally the bluntness of the rightists, who erate" and "restrain themselves," they're saying working peo­ and officially, to The Militant. This are the true voice of racist, expan­ ple whould sit back while skyrocketing prices erode their includes such articles as "Denver sionist Zionism. This was reflected paychecks. Meanwhile, corporate profits continue to soar. cops attack Chicanos," and "Chicano in the blushing red faces of the killed in Rapid City," and many oth­ The New York Times editorial repeats the government's "moderates" every time the er related articles. Keep up the good "rightists" spoke. favorite lie that wage increases "feed inflation." This false work. Dennis Brasky_ charge is used to try to confuse workers who are looking Darrell Martinez Brooklyn, N. Y. for solutions to the problem of rising prices. But it is re­ Los Chicanos de Oakland futed month after month, as prices continue to climb even Oakland, Calif. though wages are held down by government controls. In New reader pleased March, for instance, Bureau of Labor Statistics figures show I enjoyed reading The Militant, that consumer prices shot up at an annual rate of 9.6 per­ and I would like to renew my cent, while average real wages for a worker with three de­ One of the best subscription. However, after May pendents fell by 0.3 percent! I am an old-age pensioner and can't I am returning to the Virgin In these times of rapidly rising prices, workers need auto­ afford to renew my subscription. Islands, where I was born (I am The damn Nixon rich have jacked matic wage increases .to keep pace with inflation. Such cost­ now a transfer student in the U. S. up the grocery bill and other stuff. at the University of Connecticut). of-living increases are also desperately needed by those who But socialism is at least on the So I would like you to start sending subsist on Social Security payments, pensions, unemploy­ way for the young (I am 82). The the paper to my new address. ment benefits, welfare checks, or other forms of substandard Militant is one of the best papers The Militant has educated me fixed income. I ever read.- about socialism and the under­ The actions of the Goodrich workers and the Goodyear c. a. developed countries. workers in Akron come on the heels of the April 28 dem­ Fremont, Ohio E. D. onstration by Northern California unions against wage con­ Storrs, Conn. trols, rising prices, unemployment, and unfair taxes, and the May 5 actions protesting high prices. These are the be­ Telephone tax ginnings of a fight for the needs of working people. The way for wage earners to defend their standard of living is Many months ago I joined Women & the draft others in refusing to pay through mobilization of their own power in struggle, not I would like to add a bit of informa­ the "telephone war tax" in protest tion to the discussion in Linda through reliance on the good will or promises of the em­ of U. S. involvement in South- ployers or the government. Jenness's column of April 20 east Asia. Recently in this area, ("Women in Revolf') on the status our local Mother Bell has been of women in the draft if the Equal contacting people to inform them Rights Amendment is passed. It so that since the "war is over," we can happens that in 1945 the U. S. no longer refuse to pay this tax Congress passed a bill ( HR 2276) on the war issue. If we choose to that amended the Selective Service Police entrapment continue to refuse to pay this tax, Act so that women could be By 5-4 the U. S. Supreme Court has ruled that evidence we must now find "another drafted into the armed forces. of police entrapment into committing a crime is no defense reason." The bill was initiated in February But the war in Southeast for an accused person who is somehow found to have a 1945 to meet the need for increased Asia is obviously not over, and "predisposition" to commit the crime. This ruling, which re­ medical personnel, especially nurses, so long as any Americans participate following the Battle of the Bulge. verses a line of previous rulings on this question, means in the bombing and wanton devasta­ The bill passed Congress in March government agents can instigate and help carry out a crime tion of that area I will continue of that year, but as far as I could in order to prosecute someone for committing it. This de­ to refuse to pay such a tax. find no women were actually cision is a serious setback for civil liberties. M.M drafted under the act. There were The ruling legalizes and encourages undercover police State College, Pa. two reasons: 1) the war in Europe activity aimed at victimizing those fighting for social change. ended May 8, easing the strain on The insidious role of police agents in framing up radicals medical personnel; 2) the action was considered unpopular. has repeatedly come to light in past years-from the Stat­ Mideast teach-in ue of Liberty case, to the Berrigan case, to the case of the The point here is that the argu­ The "In Brief' section in the May 4 ment that the ERA would take Camden 28. In the latter instance, an antiwar protest at a Militant mentioned the successful away an exemption that women draft board, an FBI agent provocateur admitted in court teach-in on the Middle East at have to conscription is simply not that "this raid on the draft board would not have happened Brooklyn College. In addition to true. This is not the first time the without me and the FBI." being held on a predominantly pro­ government has used the threat Now police agents are at work within the so-called N a­ Israel campus, the event was note­ of conscription to intimidate people. tional Caucus of Labor Committees, egging this sm.all group worthy due to the failure of the Similar threats, for example, were on and joining in its campaign to beat up supporters of the professional slanderers to back up used against strikers during World Socialist Workers Party, Communist Party, and other groups. their lies with facts. War II. The way to fight these This court decision comes at a time when the Watergate For the past few months the Youth threats is through mass action, not Committee for Peace and Democracy relianc.e on an "exemption" that revelations are showing that the federal police agencies­ in the Mideast (YCPD) has been doesn't exist. the CIA and FBI- and the "Justice" Department are totally handing out a leaflet entitled "The R.K. enmeshed in the instigation, execution, and cover-up of crim­ Young Socialist Alliance, Israel and Worcester, Mass. inal acts. Not unpredictably, all four Nixon appointees voted for this Supreme Court ruling.

6 National Picket Line Frank Lovell

Antioch_ strike Farm Workers union in peril We are in the middle of a strike here at Antioch. Most of the college was California grape growers are engaged in a conspir­ drive" and promised ''full support" to the UFW. shut down April 20 by financial-aid acy with officials of the Teamsters union to prevent Monsignor George Higgins spoke strongly in favor students and students in the New field workers from organizing and joining a union of the UFW in the name of the Catholic Church, Directions program. The strike is of their choice. This has been true for a long time, and described farm labor contractors as "the worst primarily against the college admin­ longer than the United Farm Workers Union (AFL­ and crummiest group in all industry, who have istration, but is also an expression CIO) has existed; abused workers for generations." For some reason of opposition to the Nixon admin­ The Teamsters union is able to force growers to· this high church official overlooked the growers, istration's cutbacks on federal-loan sign contracts and pay union wages to truck drivers also a bad bunch. programs for college students. because it is powerful enough to control trucking Representative Edward Roybal, who depends on Many of the recipients of these terminals and loading docks and has agreements the Mexican-American voters in Los Angeles for his loans were students from poor with most trucking firms that haul for the big grow­ seat in Congress, promised to ask the House Labor families. The New Directions pro­ ers. Under these circumstances it is unprofitable for Committee to begin an investigation. gram, which is going to be cut, the growers to try to operate their own trucks with­ With such an array of prestigious support, com­ was begun at Antioch in 1970 to out union agreement. They discovered this more bined with UFW strike action, it would appear that bring poor and third-world "high than 20 years ago. the farm workers are in a strong position. But there risk" students to study at Antioch. Part of the relationship between the Teamsters union is great power on the other side, too. When the college set up the program, and the growers from the beginning was a tacit un­ The growers have poured lots of money into the they committed themselves to it as derstanding that the union had no jurisdiction over Teamsters' "organizing drive." A 1972 federal grand a "first priority" for funds. They the "peons" who work in the fields. The well-heeled jury heard testimony that several cash payments even claimed that they realized the Anglo Teamster officials never saw any reason to of $5,000 each were made to Teamster officials by federal programs supporting it improve. the conditions of these farm workers, know­ the growers. Team~ter "organizers" are paid $50 a might be cut and that they had ing it could only lead to trouble with the growers day to beat and intimidate UFW members in the reserved funds for that eventuality. and seeing nothing in it for themselves. lettuce fields and vineyards. But now Antioch College has Several years ago the United Farm Workers Orga­ A compliant judge issued an injunction against told financial-aid and New Directions nizing Committee, led by C¢sar Chavez, began the UFW strikers, prohibiting mass picketing. On April students that they must seek loans successful organization of farm workers in California, 18 in Coachella 100 strikers were arrested for vio­ from private banks in their home and won national support from the union movement lating the injunction. Deputy sheriffs in Riverside districts. The affected students feel and from millions of shoppers who boycotted table County are on emergency 12-hour shifts and no this is unsatisfactory because of the grapes and iceberg lettuce. days off. These deputies are recruited by the growers higher interest and lower security The first union contract was finally won in 1970. It and cons,titute a private army. of these bank loans, as well as was the real thing, not a back door deal. That was The growers count on the political protection Team­ the difficulty of getting them. when the Teamster officials began to pay attention to ster President Frank Fitzsimmons expects from Nix­ Many students may not be able to farm workers. But it was the growers who got them on and from California Governor Ronald Reagan, meet bank-d·esigned credit ratings. interested, not the farm workers. plus their own political influence nationally and lo­ The New Directions and financial­ A Teamster contract covering field workers was cally. aid students are demanding that officially announced in Indio, Calif., April 15. Ralph The survival of UFW will be decided in the vine­ Antioch continue the present loan Cotner of the Western Conference of Teamsters yards at this stage of their struggle, but they ·will package until they graduate. This claimed to represent most farm workers in Coachella need the active support of all AFL-CIO unions to most recent strike comes as the Valley and showed signed contracts with 85 percent win. It will take more than Meany's promises and latest in a series of actions led by of the growers to prove it. the hope of a congressional investigation. New Directions students to make the The growers are anxious to sign up with the Team­ In these times of soaring food prices, it is ironic college live up to its commitment to sters union because they want to get rid of the UFW that the men and women and children who harvest "cultural pluralism" in education. hiring halls and return to the old system of hiring the crops are not covered by the federal minimum A National Information Com­ through labor contractors, which the Teamsters have wage law of $1.60 an hour and are often paid less, mittee has been formed to contact agreed to reinstitute. and are being beaten into submission for trying to other schools and coordinate na­ AFL-CIO President George Meany denounced the join a union of their own choice. No cause is more tional publicity. You can contact this Teamsters' "sweetheart contract ... union busting just than that of the farm workers. committee by writing c/o Institute for Solution of Social Problems, Antioch College, Yellow Springs, Ohio 45387. Paul Hollister Yellow Springs, Ohio i La Raza en Acci~! Miguel Pendas

Impressed Please send me a bundle of 10 Militants. The men want to see some The ~Latinization' of Miami before they chip in. I myself have Ever since the socialist transformation of Cuba These steps, referred to as the "Latinization" of the read your paper and am greatly began, those tied to the old order have been fleeing Miami area by the New York Times, will benefit impressed by your forward outlook. the island. many Latinos, not just the counterrevolutionary scum No cover-up, man. Tell it like it is. Many were associated with the Batista dictatorship for whom they were enacted. But this development A prisoner and were fleeing the wrath of the Cuban masses. also leads us to ask some questions. Maine Many were open counterrevolutionaries. In Cuba When is Aztlan (the Southwest), where millions of these people are referred to as "gusanos" (literally, Chicanos live, going to be "Latinized"? What about "worms"). Chicago, New York, Boston, Philadelphia, and the The U. S. government in its attempt to discredit Midwest? Millions of Puerto Ricans and Chicanos Panama the Cuban revolution does everything it can to en­ live there too. In parts of southern Texas, the Spanish-speaking I enjoy reading The Militant, but courage gusanos. Cuban exiles receive special im­ please print more on Panama and migration status that no other Latin Americans re­ population is not just 50 percent, but 85 and 90 U. S. relations. ceive. There is even a privileged category of welfare percent. When are authorities there going to declare M.Y. set aside for them. that a bilingual and bicultural area? At present many Balboa Heights Cuban exiles have swollen the population of the Chicanos are actually punished for speaking Spanish Canal Zone Miami metropolitan area by 400,000. Add to this in Texas schools. 200,000 more Latinos and it turns out that Latinos The constitution of California recognizes Spanish comprise nearly half the population in the greater as an official language and requires that all legal Miami area. proceedings be conducted in that language if anyone Gusanos using their former business connections requests it. Yet this is not done in practice. When is The letters column is an open forum are establishing a small-scale financial empire in California going to be "Latinized"? for all viewpoints on subjects of gen­ Miami. They dominate the garment and construc­ One can only conclude that the gringo rulers of eral interest to our readers. Please tion industries, and have helped make Miami the America have a double standard when it comes to keep your letters brief. Where neces­ top cocaine-importing city in the country. granting language rights. In Miami the U.S. govern­ sary they will be abridged. Please in­ On April 16 Dade County (where Miami is located) ment is trying to foster a colony of ready-made dicate if your name may be used or made Spanish an official language. The county com­ counterrevolutionaries and business connections for if you prefer that your initials be used mission declared the county a bilingual and bicul­ U. S. exploitation of Latin America. Apparently instead. tural area and created a special department to imple­ nothing is too good for these pimps of yanqui impe­ ment the resolution. rialism. The Florida State Senate Education Committee also But when it comes to granting this same democratic recently passed a bill requiring public _schools to teach right to millions of oppressed working people- no students in their native language. dice. We have to fight for it.

THE MILITANT/MAY 18, 1973 7 The Great· Society Harry Ring

For Pat and Dick from the staff?­ pected to help reduce it. Those rede­ eludes the feminine, and the feminine paid Blacks. Howe\_'er, he added ac­ New York car dealers are offering"his fined as unimpoverished will be in­ the masculine; and the singular in­ cording to the Los Angeles Times, and hers" Rolls-Royces, $250,000 the eligible for federal assistance. And cludes the plural, and the plural the "the situation could not be changed pair. Accesories include walnut liquor surely its better to go hungry than singular." overnight." cabinets, quodrosonic sound, virgin be sociologically mislabeled. Connection? What connection?- A dy­ lamb's wool carpeting for him and Far out-"The U.S. Establishment namite bomb shattered the offices of blond mink for her. His: naturally, today is essentially Trotskyist." -Jan­ Morality and the law-We were inter­ Teamster's Local 515 in Chattanooga. is a four-door job, hers, two-door. ested that a New York judge dismissed uary 1973 American Opinion, voice The police chief said, "We haven't of the John Birch Society. lewdness charges against a topless go­ established any motive yet. We are We're puzzled- There's one rather ob­ go bar operator for having braless · still investgating." The union is on vious question that no one seems to mannequins in his window. Did the Via New York, no doubt-Two post­ strike against a local ammunition have asked regarding the revelations cops bust him for the window dis­ cards mailed from Athens and Beirut plant. about ITT offering CIA all that money play rather than the show on the in 1946 were received in Bucharest to block an Allende victory in Chile. theory that if it moves it ain't lewd? last month. Will fight to the end- Nik-0-Lok, lead­ Why pay someone for a service that er in the pay toilet field, will chal­ they're perfectly willing to perform Clear as the services they render- The A patient man- South African dia­ lenge the constitutionality of a Chi­ gratis? revised state code relating to the Cal­ mond and gold magnate Harry Op­ cago ordinance banning the dime­ ifornia Department of Consumer Af­ penheimer said, "it cannot be right grabbers in public buildings and at The morality boys-A federal task fairs declares: "Tenses, Gender and in principle to pay different wages for the airport. The ban was won by force is seeking to redefine poverty, Number: For the purposes of the the same job depending on the color the Committee to End Pay Toilets in which, an official explains, is a "value­ rules and regulations contained in this of the skin of the worker." He said America ( CEPTIA). A Nik-0-Lok laden term." Be assured, however, that chapter, the present tense includes the the relatively high wage paid some spokesman said, "Anytime anyone this is no idle semantic quest. By re­ past and future tenses, and the future South African white workers was pos­ tries to put you out of business you're defining poverty, the task force is ex- the present; the masculine gender in- sible only because of the low wage worried." Women In Revolt Linda Jenness/i~::;. Is feminism ~relevant' to Black women? Some people say that feminist demands are of no big piece of pie and called it a budget, one part equal pay and job opportunities. They also suffer concern to Black women. But 700 Black women was called military and it was greater than do­ because they are Black, and because Black women who met in Detroit a few weeks ago say the op­ mestic." "We have got to let the world know," she in their vast majority are working women, they posite. The Women's Conference of Concerns was said, "that 'domestic' means us." It was also pointed are also oppressed as workers. They are triply called by Black Detroit Councilwoman Erma out that the "domestic" budget was spent in large oppressed. Henderson for Black women to discuss "the many part on jails, courts, police departments, and For instance, the Wall Street Journal reports problems affecting employment, career opportu­ groups like STRESS, which "has an execution that in 1969 Black women with a high school nities, child care, the legal status of women, rate that is only exceeded by armed gangsters." degree earned $4,565 compared with $7,041 for consumer problems, equal pay for equal work." The Black women at the conference recognized Black men, $5,106 for white women, and $9,187 that they need to unite as Black women because for white men. The large conference held workshops and passed "women know best our deep needs for identity with Action for Boston Community Development re­ resolutions on a variety of issues, including the those issues that affect our quality of life." Black ports that in Boston Black females between 16 and terrorist police unit in Detroit called STRESS ("Stop women united, they said, can move like "one mighty 21 years of age have the highest unemployment the Robberies, Enjoy Safe Streets"). When the re- army." rate-25.9 percent. . \ porter from the workshop on STRESS told the Another theme, however, was the recognition that In 1970, 60 percent of the Black women who conference that the workshop decision was to take Black women must join forces and form alliances headed households and held jobs earned less than no action on the STRESS issue, a mass outcry with other oppressed people in order to .. be effective. $3,000 a year. The corresponding figure for white of objection came from the audience. The chair­ They noted that Blacks, women, and Chicanos women was 30 percent. woman decided to handle the dispute by a stand­ must unite to fight a common enemy. As Hender­ Twenty-seven percent of all Black families are up vote. When those in favor of demanding aboli­ son put it, "We have got to stop and find the real headed by women. This means that the cutbacks tion of STRESS were asked to stand, almost the enemy and let him know." in funds for day-care centers are going to affect entire audience was on their feet. Those who fa­ Black women the most, forcing many of them vored STRESS or were undecided were a tiny The demands being raised by feminists today onto welfare. minority. are in the interest of Black women. Black women, It is precisely because their oppression is so The conference also condemned Nixon's war and other women from the oppressed nationalities, great that Black women will be among the budget. Henderson said, "Nixon divided up that suffer the most from lack of child care, and un- staunchest fighters for feminist demands. By Any Means Necessary Baxter Smith Black social workers hold conference One of the products of Black awareness has been a permanent coalition with the hypocritical Demo­ People conference. He was charged with conspiracy the development, in recent years, of Black profes­ cratic Party, have permanently dampered the abra­ to commit "criminal anarchy" against the state of sional organizations, separate from their predom­ sive CIA Republican Party.... Why should we New York, assaulting a police officer, and jumping inantly white counterparts. Their general purpose continue to pay allegiance to the two-party system bail. is to deal with the relationship of the Black profes­ if the system is not working and the parties only These charges stem from 1967. At that time, sional to the broader Black community. function in a manner to protect the interest of the Ahmad; who was field marshal of the Revolu­ One of the largest and best organized of these, white majority. tionary Action Movement (RAM), was arrested the National Association of Black Social Workers "It is my feeling that a massive withdrawal of along with other RAM members and accused of (NAB SW), held its annual conference April 18-21 Black voters from the Democratic [Party]-not conspiring to blow up the Statue of Liberty, Liberty in New York. Five thousand people attended. to the Republicans, not into electoral abstention, Bell; Washington Monument, and to assassinate The theme for this year's gathering was "nation but into a powerful party of their own -would civil rights leaders Roy Wilkins and Whitney building." Workshops, some as large as 250 peo­ shake the political structure of this country from Young. Ahmad was arrested in Philadelphia but ple, discussed such subjects as political and eco­ top to bottom." was taken to New York to stand trial. nomic development, health services, communica­ The NABSW was organized five years ago and Bail was set at $100,000. He was held for 13 tions, the elderly, and "new theories on the Black has chapters in more than 60 areas across the months. After bail was posted he went "under­ personality." One workshop entitled "basic skills country with 10,000 members. ground" and remained at large until his capture of nation building" was led by a member of the If Williams, with the NABSW, moves to translate in September. Committee for a Unified Newark, a group led by his thoughts on a Black party into action, it would Brother Ahmad is a longtime activist in the Black Imamu Baraka. represent the best step they could take to begin liberation struggle. He worked with the Student The high point of the conference was a speech "nation building." Nonviolent Coordinating Committee in the South by NABSW President Cenie Williams Jr., in which in the early '60s. In 1966 he moved to New York he said Blacks should "move to establish an inde­ e Preliminary hearings have begun in New York and helped form the New York chapter of the pendent party." in the case of Brother Muhammad Ahmad (Max Black Panther Party. ~ Williams stated, "Black social workers can no Stanford). Most recently, Ahmad formed the All-African Peo­ longer stay aloof from the political arena when it Ahmad was arrested by FBI agents Sept. 1, ple's Party, a Pan-Africanist organization of which affects all aspects of our lives.... We have formed 1972, in San Diego at the Congress of African he is chairman.

8 Young Socialist conference in Cops, Detroit repels NCLC hoodlums rightists By MIKE KELLEY Doctor Mxolisi Ntlabati of the Cen­ tend the conference shortly after it be­ DETROIT, May 9 -For the first time ter for Black Studies at Wayne State gan. According to Ken Weber, a prom­ joinNCLC the so-called National Caucus of University, and a visiting friend from inent local minister, he and some 20 Labor Committees ( NCLC) has as­ New York, Professor Nonceba Lu­ others were not allowed to attend the saulted a meeting sponsored by the banga, confirmed this account of the meeting. anti­ Socialist Workers Party and the attack. They had come up the stairs Members of various organizations, Young Socialist Alliance. They were just before the attackers and were including the International Socialists, quickly repulsed by an organized de­ about to enter Doctor Ntlabati's fifth Workers League, and Sparticist communist fense guard. The attack was another floor office. Neither was attending the League, joined the SWP and YSA in in a series of frenzied, goon-squad conference. defending the Detroit SWP mayoral • assaults in recent weeks against the Dr. Ntlabati said the attacking campaign banquet that same evening campa1gn Communist Party, Young Workers group had ;'police sticks, wooden and the two sessions of the conference Liberation League, and other groups weapons, an iron bar, and iron ham­ held on the following Sunday. There It has become clear that the so-called . on the left. mers." He said he saw the registration were no further incidents. National Caucus of Labor Commit-. On May 5 a group of hoodlums, led table "knocked over" and the people Most radical groups in Detroit have tees has been joined by police agents sitting behind it were attacked. agreed to a united defense for future and right-wing thugs. The NCLC is On May 5, the same day as the Upon hearing the commotion out­ meetings threatened by NCLC goons. a small group that has claimed to be side, marshals in the meeting room A number of groups on the Wayne socialist. However its current "Opera­ NCLC assault on the Detroit So­ State University campus, including tion Mop-Up" campaign to physically cialist Educational Weekend was rushed outside to aid the victims of the attack and to prevent the meeting "destroy" the Communist Party, Social­ repulsed, a member of the New ' from being broken up. They included ist Workers Party, and other groups York Young Socialist Alliance and members of the YSA, International on the left, has attracted right-wingers Socialist Workers Party was as-· Socialists, SWP, and unaffiliated in­ and cops who have exactly the same saulted by at least three NCLC dividuals. aim. On May 6, 16 NCLC members were thugs. Andy Nakrin, a leader of Within two or three minutes, the at­ tackers were repelled and driven back arrested in Philadelphia after attempt­ the New York University YSA, out the doors they had come through. ing to invade a meeting of the Public . said his attackers told him, "This Several weapons were seized from Works Action Committee. One of those is for Detroit." Nakrin was as­ them including a hammer and arrested, N ereida Cordero, was found saulted while walking alone on several clubs. Other weapons used by to be a state parole investigator. the NYU campus. the NCLCers included at least one This was the second time that NCLC thugs were identified as part of the The following day, May 6, a numchuck (two wooden blocks con­ nected by a heavy chain), at least police apparatus. One of those telephone message from an one length of chain, and karate sticks. arrested for the April 11 attack on NCLC spokesman was received Apparently some of the NCLCers Young Workers Liberation League by Helen Schiff, the Lower Man­ had no stomach for beating someone members in Philadelphia was Daniel hattan SWP organizer. The caller who is crippled. It was noticed that Valdes, another parole investigator, threatened to "retaliate" against as many as five or six of the NCLC who was found to be carrying a loaded .38 revolver. Cordero gave the the SWP "in a 10-to-one ratio­ attackers, including one of their lead­ ing members, Richi Freeman, held same home address to the police that that is, for every one of us that back from participating in the initial Valdes had given. you get, we will get 10 of you." attack and then retreated when the According to the May 8 Daily marshals arrived. World, the attackers at the Public Works Action Committee meeting were by and including recognized members One of· the marshals, Don Bechler, of the NCLC, attacked a session of a was also injured seriously enough to armed with clubs and numchucks. regional socialist educational con­ require treatment at the Ford ne Yzqui Three of those who repelled the NCLC ference at Wayne State University. Hospital. Jerry Crist, a paraplegic, was singled out thugs required medical attention, one Speaker at the session was Peter Buch, As the NCLC people hastily for attack by NCLC goons. of them a member of the YWLL and a nationally known spokesman for retreated, it was noticed that they were two members of the Public Works Ac­ carrying several of their members. tion Committee. Three defenders of the SWP on the Mideast, speaking on members of the Young Workers the Palestinian liberation movement. NCLC members later reported sev­ the meeting were also arrested on eral "seriously hurt." Liberation League, have agreed to charges of disorderly conduct. When the attack came, some 18 to help defend a meeting scheduled for 20 people, including the speaker, were After the attack more people arrived Another example of right-wingers Andrew Pulley, national secretary of inside the meeting room in the Uni­ for the conference, and Peter Buch's using the NCLC "Operation Mop-Up" tho/YSA, at the university tomorrow. versity Center Building. There were talk began on time at 3 p.m. campaign for their own purposes oc­ This is the first known physical at­ another six to nine people registering curred in Tarytown, N.Y. A leaflet Just before the meeting began, how­ tack by the NCLC in Detroit. Prior for the conference and those doing the appeared at the auto plant in Tarry­ ever, campus police arrived. They took to this, however, they have verbally registering outside the room. These town signed by the "UAW Committee all the weapons captured from the threatened a number of organizations included Jerry Crist, who is partially to -Stop Communism." It appealed to thugs and objects that conference and individuals. For instance, earlier paralyzed and has to wear a brace workers not to support Bill Scott, a participants had picked up to defend the same day, at the broadly spon­ and use special crutches to get about. leader of Trade Union Action themselves. The meeting organizers sored Michigan Committee Against He turned out to be a target of the and Democracy, who was running for protested vehemently that this would High Prices demonstration, Richard thugs. shop chairman in UAW Local 664 leave the meeting open to further aF Gibson, president of the local Welfare I interviewed Harold Schlechtweg, in Tarrytown. tacks. Employees Union, was told, "We're a student from Bloomington, Ind., The leaflet quotes the NCLC publi­ Upon leaving the meeting, it was going to get you next," by people who was attending the conference. He cation New Solidarity, which is identi­ discovered the police had turned away he recognized as members of the was the first victim of the attackers. fied as published by the "National a number of people who wanted to at- NCLC. Schlechtweg was holding open the Caucus of Labor," attacking Scott as doors for arriving participants when a supporter of the Communist Party. he heard someone shout, "Let's go!" The headline on the leaflet says, At this point a group he estimates "Stop the Pinkos- Do you want the at about 15 rounded the corner of the commie flag flying at the union hall?" stairwell, rushed up the stairs, It says further on, "Fight GM and fight knocked him over, and entered the the commies- Hanoi, Moscow, Red hallway. China, Stalin, Lenin, Trotsky, or He said he was then beaten with Scott. None shall replace the UAW wooden sticks by a number of them. President Woodcock as the voice and He could only protect himself by roll­ leader of the UAW member. The UAW ing into a ball and covering his head blue shirt must never be changed to and neck. He showed this reporter pink." numerous welts and bruises all over The violent campaign by the NCLC his body. to "destroy" the Communist Party, So­ Most of those in the process of cialist Workers Party, and other radi­ registering in the hallway were chased cal organizations has become indis­ down the hallway and out another tinguishable from the anticommunism door. Crist, however, couldn't move. of the rightists and the government. He was knocked down and beaten with clubs by three or four hoodlums. He was later taken to Ford Hospital, where he was treated for a serious Mllotnn''"''""• Yzquierdo gash on the right side of the head and Collection is taken at SWP mayoral campaign banquet, held without incident following numerous bruises. 'Labor Committee' attack on earlier session of socialist conferen·ce.

THE MtliTANT/MAY 18, 1973 9 U.S. bomber crews: ~stop this insanity!' The following are excerpts from let-'" coming home! ... do we bomb a population merely unable to get out of our web .... ters received by Senator William Ful­ In April of 1972, my· unit, consist­ upon the request of another govern­ With the idea that we came here to bright (D-Ark.) from members of B-52 ing of two B-52G bomb squadrons, ment. We have no money at home for help free our POWs we feel even more bomber crews who oppose the current was deployed to Guam. And we have needed social programs, but we spend misused and abused now that they U.S. bombing of Cambodia. At least been here continuously since then. millions daily to bomb thousands of are home and we're still here. What a dozen such letters were received by Our announced mission when we innocent civilians who have never purpose are we serving? . Fulbright and by Senator Edward came over was to stop the invasion. done anything to us. Many, if not Sgt. Kennedy (D-Mass. ). As you know, this was accomplished. most, of the B-52 crew members are It is another sign of the depth of anti­ Then we .were told we would not be tired of killing for no reason, but they April 10, 1973 war sentiment in the United States going home until there was a cease­ do not have the means to make their Dear Sir: ... The opportunity of stay­ that even these airmen, most of them fire in Vietnam. After the raids of 18 voices heard. We think we deserve the ing home while others [other crew officers, are beginning to protest the to 29 December, the cease-fire was chance to patch up the many personal members] come in your stay is still bombing. Following the December signed and our troops and POW s bombing raids against Hanoi and started returning home. We were told Haiphong, Captain Michael Heck and it would be at least ninety days after four other B-52 crew members refused the effective date before we could leave. orders to continue bombing missions We boptbed right up to the effec­ against these population centers. tive date and then shifted to bombing The excerpts are taken from the May Laos without a pause. We were then 1 Congressional Record. informed we would not be leaving un­ til there was a cease-iire in Laos. April 17, 1973 After the cease-fire in Laos, there was Dear Sir: I am a B-52 gunner on tem­ a short pause and then we started porary duty with my crew at Ander­ bombing Cambodia! Now, as of yes­ sen AFB, Guam. After listening to all terday, we have started bombing Laos the reports of the war being over and again! ... the troops coming home, I, as a resi­ I am concerned about our increas­ dent of Arkansas, decided to write this ing involvement in Cambodia and letter to you, because for the aircrews Laos. I fear that we will get into an­ and the support troops of the B-52 other situation like the one that lead to U.S. bomber crewman wrote Senator Kennedy, 'Every day of bombing splashes blood force it is not over and we are not the ten years of Vietnam.... in the face of America. What will we tell our children?' Respectfully yours, SSgt., USAF

April 18, 1973 problems we all have that were created falling short of what is desperately Senator Fulbright: I am a B-52 navi­ by these many years of war. If Mr. needed: the complete withdrawal of gator currently on temporary duty at Nixon will not stop this insanity, then all forces from Indochina and the Andersen AF B, Guam. I am writirw to the Congress and the people must. abandonment of our present policies you to urge you· to do your utmost How many bodies must there be, ours of "Dial-A-B-52-Strike-Whenever-And­ to end our involvement in the contin­ and theirs, before we get out! Wherever-You-Want." You must know uing war in Southeast Asia. Sincerely, Capt., USAF that this plea is not a one man show. I am on my 4th tour of duty here The majority of the crew force pres­ now and have over 400 days fight­ March 30, 1973 ently engaged in these operations are ing this war. I have over 120 combat Dear Senator Fulbright: Until I heard tired and fed up with the entire affair; missions,' an air medal with 5 oak your justified criticism of the. Admin­ perhaps it is a numbness or maybe leaf clusters, and have been recom­ istration's viewpoint on the bombing despair which keeps the situation less mended for a Distinguished Flying in Southeast Asia, namely Cambodia, volatile. More likely it is the hopeless­ Cross for heroism for action over my decision as to whether or not I ness of fighting city hall. We extend to North Vietnam. I am not unlike most would write was merely a confused de­ you, a servant of the people, a peti­ of our servicemen still serving in bate. However, now that I know where tion of hope that you will work hard Southeast Asia.... you stand I've decided to pour it all within your power to enlighten both We are no more now than a mer­ out. the people of America and the leaders cenary army fighting on the whims Senator Fulbright, we are wrong for who represent them that further ac­ and discretion of only one man. The the continued slaughter but are afraid tivity. in Indochina is foolhardy and Antiwar sentiment in the U.S. armed people are being denied their voice to admit it. Because of the amount of suicidal, and a damn waste of human forces has grown as popular opposition thru Congress as provided for in our people who have their hands in the life and dignity.... to the war increased. constitution. Under what justification "profit pot" we have found 'ourselves Sincerely, Lt., USAF

SWP tour finds distrust of Nixon's ~peace' By CAROLINE LUND clear that the United States was back­ The same thing was true in Hous­ liance." Syd Stapleton has just finished the ing Thieu to the hilt, this brought ton, where Stapleton spoke on a panel The YSA held a successful socialist last leg of a 10-week tour through home to a lot of people that the U. S. along with two Vietnam veterans and educational conference at the Univer­ Western and Southern states speaking has no intention of getting out of the student body president of the Uni­ sity of Texas at which Stapleton also on the revolutionary socialist view of Southeast Asia until it is forced to," versity of Houston. All acknowledged spoke. It attracted a large number of the Southeast Asian war and the Viet­ he said. that the treaty contained grave viola­ international students, from Mexico, nam cease-fire accords. This shift was evident in a debate tions of the right of the Vietnamese to Iran, Palestine, and Latin America. It was one of three tours over the Stapleton participated in at the Uni­ self-determination. One question that arose quite often past months by leaders of the Socialist versity of Colorado in Boulder along The panel was cosponsored by the in Stapleton's meetings concerned the Workers Party aimed at provoking with Tom Mayer of the New American Houston Peace Action Coalition and allegations of torture from some of discussion in the radical and antiwar Movement and Professor Anatole An­ the Houston Committee to End the the forrt;~er POWs. "They would ask movements around this important ton. Neither attempted to defend the War in Vietnam. The latter group had me if I thought Jane Fonda was right question and urging continued pro­ treaty as representing the interests of previously taken a position of support in denying torture by the Vietnamese. tests demanding total U. S. withdrawal the Vietnamese. to the Vietnam treaty and allied itself I said that I had no way of knowing from Southeast Asia. Stapleton is a with the People's Coalition for Peace the details of their treatment. longtime antiwar activist. and Justice. However, the thinking of "But quite frankly, I said, when you activists in this committee has changed look at what happened to the Viet­ Stapleton spoke at university and somewhat under the impact of the de­ namese over the last 12 years, with high school meetings and on radio velopments since the signing of the a million and a half dead, seven mil­ talk shows. He also gave newspaper treaty. lion refugees, huge areas of the coun­ interviews. Most often, he told me, dis­ At the University of Texas in Austin try defoliated, etc., it indicates how cussion following his talk would shift Stapleton spoke to three classes of hypocritical and racist the Nixon ad­ from the events in Southeast Asia to about 30 each and one large class ministration is. Nixon tries to get us such questions as why the U.S. got of 150. "The response in all of the to worry about these few POWs in the involved in Vietnam, the nature of the classes," he said, "was totally sympa­ hopes that you'll forget about the Viet­ capitalist system, and what kind of thetic to my view of the treaty- that namese. organization is needed to change this Nixon has no intention of respecting "I also said I was much more wor­ society. the rights of the Vietnamese- and peo­ ried about the political prisoners of Stapleton said he noticed a change ple were very much interested in social­ the Thieu regime in South Vietnam, in the opinions of many in the antiwar ist ideas. who are never going to be released movement who had at first seen the "They wanted to discuss how to abol­ as long as Thieu is in power. Vietnam accords as a definitive vic­ ish capitalism in the United States, "People really responded to this. It tory for the Vietnamese in terms of how a socialist system could work made sense to them that Nixon was forcing the U.S. out of their country. without competition to spur incentive, just trying to use this as a ploy to "When the bombing in Laos and Cam­ Syd Stapleton at April 24, 1971, anti­ etc. I think a number of them will look get people to support his foreign pol­ bodia devel.oped, and when it became war demonstration. into joining the Young Socialist AI- icy."

10 'State of World' message most belligerent y~ Nixon escalates threats of war to Hanoi From Intercontinental Press path which would take us to the un­ penh. Despite massive bombing On April 30 Secretary of State Wil­ MAY 7- In his May 4 "State of the fortunate military situation to which attacks, the liberation forces control liam Rogers attempted to justify U. S. World" report to Congress, Nixon lev­ we hoped to put an end by signing most of the country, and the air raids raids on Cambodia before the Senate eled his most belligerent public threat the cease-fire agreement. ... " have been shifted to the very outskirts Foreign Relations Committee by say­ yet against the North Vietnamese. He The Nixon administration has pub­ of Pnompenh, where they are visible ing they were permitted under the Viet­ stated that if Hanoi continues to sup­ licly stated that talks between Henry to dozens of journalists waiting to nam cease-fire accords until a cease­ port insurgent movements in South­ Kissinger and Le Due Tho are set report Lon Nol's flight to join his fire was signed in Cambodia. Many east Asia, "it would risk revived con­ for mid-May and that it regards Sulli­ Swiss bank accounts. members of Congress did not find this frontation with [the U.S.]." van's meetings with Nguyen Co While Nixon's barbarism in Cambo­ convincing enough. The report also contained a warning Thach, the North Vietnamese deputy dia has not yet aroused protests on the On May 3 the Democratic Policy aimed at Moscow and Peking. "Im­ foreign minister, as "preliminary." scale of those in defense of Vietnam, and Steering Committee of the House provement of relations among the ma­ adopted a resolution against support The North Vietnamese have denied it is obvious that the potential for jor world powers" would be threat­ to an administration request for $500- agreeing to any such negotiations. such action grows the longer the ened, Nixon advised, if Moscow and bombing continues. million for military operations in In­ They have indicated that Nixon could The Swedish Social Democratic gov­ dochina. demonstrate his concern for "imple­ On the same day Senator Charles The American people oppose Nix­ mentation" of the agreement by resum­ ernment has indicated its sounding of Mathias (R-Md.), a Nixon supporter, on's bombing of Cambodia by ing the sweeping of mines from North public opinion by condemning the introduced a resolution · calling the 49 to 33 percent, according to Vietnamese harbors, ending recon­ bombings. In a statement to parlia­ bombing of Cambodia illegal and naissance flights over North Vietnam, ment April 26, Foreign Minister Krist­ a Harris Poll released May 7. urging a stop to it. The resolution, and resuming discussions on eco­ er Wickman said, "... it is from the The bombing was opposed even cosponsored by Democratic whip Mike nomic aid. "The atmosphere [for talks] govermrient's view not acceptable that though 73 percent of the 7,537 Mansfield, would not, however, be is not favorable," Thach told reporters a big power with superior resources binding on Nixon even if passed. households questioned thought it in Paris. in military technique interferes in a Mansfield said that only if Nixon ig­ was likely the Cambodian insur­ What Nixon wants to implement, of civil war in a small country. nores this "advice" would the Demo­ gents would take over. course, is the end of the South Viet­ "The bombings appear so much more provocative since they, as was crats move to cut off funds for the The most common reasons giv­ namese Provisional Revolutionary the case earlier in Vietnam, indis­ bombing. Government's resistance to Thieu's at­ en for opposing the bombing criminately hit the civilian popula­ The rising congressional debate on tacks and the end of the Cambodian raids were: "We have no busi­ Southeast Asia reflects the mass senti­ liberation forces' offensive against the tion." ment for an end to U. S. military in­ ness there and should get out"; puppet Lon Nol regime. As Secretary Within the United States, the Water­ tervention in Southeast Asia, and the "the bombing is inhuman"; and of State William Rogers put it in testi­ gate scandal now threatens to destroy "it could lead to our becoming mony before -the Senate foreign rela­ completely Nixon's already badly widespread fear that Nixon's current policy is leading to a reescalation of involved in another Vietnam." tions committee April 30: eroded credibility. Members of Con­ the war. However, the timid moves in "We are now in the process of having gress have begun to raise proposals Peking continue sending arms to Ha­ further discussions with the North in opposition to the bombing, a sign Congress, as throughout the history noi. Nixon appealed to the Soviet and Vietnamese with regard to the imple­ that they fear the possibility of an of the war, have been limited to pos­ Chinese bureaucrats to "lend a mod­ mentation of the Paris agreement. We explosion of protests. turing and empty rhetoric. erating influence" by helping to damp­ hope these discussions will be success­ en the struggles for social justice in ful and will lead to a cease-fire in Southeast Asia. Cambodia." Meanwhile, Deputy Assistant Secre­ Nixon has reason for haste in try­ tary of State William Sullivan held ing to force a cease-fire on the Cam­ three days of talks with representa­ bodian rebels. Having hypocritically tives of the North Vietnamese in Paris proclaimed "peace with honor" last April 27, 29, and 30. On May 1 Sul­ January, he obviously hoped that livan indicated to journalists the sub~ bombing raids would quickly produce ject of the discussions: the conditions similar ''honorable peace" on his terms Hanoi would have to meet to escape before U.S. and world public opinion a resumption of the bombing of North became aroused at the continuadon of Vietnam. the war. "Hanoi will soon have to make its This plan has been upset by the choice and decide whether it wants determination of the Cambodian full implementation of the accords in liberation fighters and the helplessness good faith or if it prefers to take the of the puppet_ "government" in Pnom- Bombing of Cambodia continues as Nixon threatens wider war No fanfare for 2.5 million Vietnam veterans By TOM CHADDOCK He would like us to close our eyes istration taken to help the returned Congress by the Veterans Administra­ For the past few months we have been to the 700,000 veterans who came Vietnam veteran? One indication of tion last February. It would have cut shown pictures of the returning POWs back from Vietnam with drug prob­ the attitude that pervades the White benefits to disabled veterans by some released from North Vietnam. We are lems because of the dealers in South House was the proposal put before 50 p~rcent. This would mean that a told that these men represent the best Vietnam who are under the protec­ vet who now gets about $220 a month and highest traditions of the Ameri­ tion of the Saigon government. He for losing a leg in Vietnam would get can serviceman. would like us to ignore the fact that only $110 under the proposed scheme. Yet among all the fanfare and the there are places for only 6,000 such The plan, however, would not have red, white, and blue bunting, some­ people under his new programs. He affected the 70 percent disability that thing seems to have gotten lost. For would, in fact, like us to go along with General John Lavelle, who was contrary to what Richard Nixon his efforts to reduce the federal funds cashiered for launching unauthorized would like us to believe, these 600 for drug-related programs so that he bombing strikes against North Viet­ returned POW s are not the only per­ can continue to spend the money on nam, now gets. sons who went to Vietnam. In fact bombs for Indochina. The proposal was reversed only af­ there are at present more than 2.5 Nixon and the Defense Department ter an outraged public reacted by million Vietnam veterans in the United tell us that the Vietnam war has flooding Congress with letters of pro­ States. created no special problems for vet­ test. But it shows how far Nixon will While Nixon has been so busy erans. Well, let's look at some figures. go. using the POWs. as political tools, he According to U.S. Defense Depart­ What is needed is a massive pro­ would like us to forget what the war ment statistics, the rate of World War gram for Vietnam veterans. We must has done to the human cannon fod­ II veterans with psychological disor­ spend the money that is now being der that he and previous American ders was 10.1 percent, and the rate used for weapons of destruction to presidents sent off to Vietnam. of Korean war veterans with such build new hospitals, for expanded There is much that Nixon would disorders was 3. 7 percent. But accord­ drug pr ... grams, educational pro­ want us to forget. He wants us to ing to Dr. Cherry Cedarleaf, a senior grams, and for planning out the econ­ forget that the Vietnam veteran has Veterans Administration staff psychol­ omy so that veterans can find jobs. an unemployment rate of twice that ogist, in an article in the Aug. 28, People must begin to realize that Viet­ of the nonveteran. He wants us tofor­ 1972, New York Times, the rate of nam veterans don't want pity; what get that the Black and Chicano vet­ psychological disorders for Vietnam we want is a chance to return to a nor­ eran has an unemployment rate three veterans runs to 50 percent. Nixon uses POWs but ignor&s needs of mal life. We have seen hell close up, times that of the nonveteran. What steps has the Nixon admin- Vietnam vets. and we want to come home.

THE MILITANT/MAY 18, 1973 11 Black miners gaid starvation wages Houston s. Africa profits from gold sales rise protest hits By BAXTER SMITH government collected mammoth sums craft to South Africa. Shell o·ll "Let me dig this gold that's not mine in taxes on mine profits. The new budget allows for a 30 . . . . in this hole, In just one short month, such taxes percent increase over last year's al- By TOM VERNIER When· I have to go home empty- made possible a complete turnaround locations to "separate development." HOUSTON, April 26 -"Two, four, handed after my contract's done, in the budget. It went from a deficit Almost $400-million is budgeted to six, eight, why won't Shell negotiate? with ninety bucks in my purse of about $270-million to a cash sur- the Department of Bantu Administra- Hey, hey, whaddya say, health and and plenty-seeded clothes, who's plus of $750-million, for a total gain tion and Development. This is the safety all thew ay!" Three hundred peo­ gold is this? of more than $1-billion., according agency that supervises South Africa's ple, chanting and singing, picketed Where does the gold to?" to the March 24 Johannesburg Star. vicious system of racial segregation. outside Houston's Hyatt-Regency These words to a song written by, The 1973-74 budget totals $6.7-bil- Under apartheid policy, the "home- Hotel today in support of striking the Black South African musician lion. lands," or Bantustans, are the eight workers at Shell Oil. Hugh Masekela are meant to protest These new revenues have enabled land reserves designated for the Af- The picket line was organi=?:ed by the theft of millions of dollars in gold, the Pretoria government to increase rican population. These Bantustans the Women's Auxiliary of Local 4- encompass less than 14 percent of 367 of the Oil, Chemical and Atomic the total land area, yet Blacks com­ Workers, the local that is currently prise 70 percent of the population. on strike at Shell's Houston refinery. Each year, thousands of Black fam­ Inside the hotel was the object of their ilies and individuals are uprooted and protest- a meeting of Shell stock­ relocated to one or another of these holders. reserves. Under the law, Blacks have Shell workers have been striking no choice in the matter and face jailing Shell for more than three months in if they resist. In the white areas, which a dispute over hazardous conditions include all major towns and cities, in the plants. The union wants Shell Blacks are subject to the "influx con­ to tell them who gets sick, who gets trol" laws and must carry pass books injured, and who dies in the refin­ at all times. eries, and why. They want data on The third major aspect of the bud­ the effects of prolonged exposure to get is the tax cuts. By cutting the chlorine, benzene, and other chemi­ sales tax and erasing the 10 percent cals that are present in the plants. income tax surcharge, the government They want medical supervision of hopes to rally new support among working conditions at Shell. the white population. Morale has been Shell continues to say "no" to these low recently due to several major demands. According to Shell manage- events that have taken their toll in ment, the workers want "too much con­ public opinion. Most recent was the trol'' over their jobs. taken each year· from South Mrican spending for arms and for "separate decision by Norman Kirk, the New Every section of the organized labor mines by the white settlers who rule development," the government euphe­ Zealand Labour Party prime minister, movement in Houston was present at the country. mism for racial segregation- apart­ to cancel the Springbok South African the picket line. Sixteen unions sent South Africa produces more than heid. rugby team's visit to New Zealand. representatives with picket signs: three-quarters of the "free world's" gold These budget allocations bolster In March, eight Black student lead­ Teamsters, Sheet Metal Workers, Meat supply. And the profits the govern­ South Africa's reputation as the ers from the South African Student Cutters, Communications Workers, ment reaps from taxes on the sale strongest and most oppressive nation Organization and eight white student Electrical Workers, Machinists, Farm of gold constitute one of the main· in Mrica. leaders from the English-speaking stu­ Workers, Longshoremen, Steelwork­ props for the South African economy. The largest slice of the budget, a dent organization, the National Union ers, Office and Professional Employees, record $860-million, is projected for of South African Students, were Glazers and Glass Workers, Oil Work­ Due to the recent weakening of the "defense." By comparison, just two banned for their role in opposing ers, Postal Workers, Bakery and Con­ U. S. dollar, the South African gold years ago government "defense" spend­ apartheid. Under the banning order, fectionary Workers, and Transport mining industry has prospered on a ing was $520-million. A healthy por­ the students are restricted to the im­ Workers. Students from the Univer- scale unparalleled in the country's 63- tion of this will go to the South Af­ mediate area surrounding their sity of Houston and members of the year history. The free market price rican police force for use in controlling homes. They cannot play a role in Mexican-American Youth Organiza­ of gold has reached $90 an ounce. and suppressing students and Black the student organizations or in public tion were also on the picket line. With the U.S. price fixed at $42 an workers. life. Any violation of their banning The picketers demonstrated energet­ ou!lce, South Africa has been making About $150-million will go to buy order, which runs for five years, will ically for nearly two hours joining a killing on gold sales to speculators. small arms and aircraft. Israel and result in a jail sentence. in choruses of "Solidarity Forever" and From the dollar devaluation in Feb­ England, in defiance of the 1964 The bannings, all done without a "Hang Down Your Head, Royal Dutch ruary to March 31- the end of the United Nations embargo, are the ma­ trial, stirred considerable debate with- Shell." . They chanted "Royal Dutch 1972 fiscal year- the South African jor suppliers of small arms and air- Continued !)n page 22 Shell stinks!" and "Two, four, six, eight, who do we appreciate? Unions!" But, although one picketer wore a sign proclaiming "I'm a Shell stockholder African Liberation DaY. for the striking workers," management is still holding firm. Support builds for May 26 actions NEW YORK, April 26- Supporters of the Shell boycott held a picket line NEW YORK, May 8- Plans con­ ward Henry of the Congress of here today outside the Shell offices tinue for the Mrican Liberation African People; Mel King of the at Rockeffeller Center despite a pour­ Day protests on May 26. Black United Front; and Demo­ ing rain. In New York, logistics for the cratic State Representative Rubie Although the picketers were few in march and rally have been set. Jones. number, several prominent figures in Protesters will assemble at 4 7 May 26 activists in Philadelphia the ecology movement turned out. Street and First Avenue (United report considerable success in in­ These included Marc Messing of the Nations Plaza) at 9 a.m. At 11 volving Black students and Black Scientists Institute for Public Informa­ a.m., they will march to Colonel student groups from the many col­ tion, who is New York coordinator Charles Young Park at 145 Street leges in the area. Groups involved of the Shell boycott; Tom Stokes of and Lenox Avenue in Harlem. include the Youth Organization for ENVIRONMENT!; David Kotelchuk The rally will begin at 2 p.m. Black Unity at Lincoln Univer­ of Health-Pac; and Robert Rickles, The march route will take the sity; Pan-Mrican Student Assem­ former head of the city's Environment­ protesters past the Union Carbide bly at Temple University; Black al Protection Agency and now with building, the South Mrican em­ Student Union at Montgomery the Institute for Public Transporta­ bassy, and the General Motors County Community College; arid tion. building, where speakers will in­ the Black Student League at Phil­ dict these firms and the govern­ adelphia Community College. ment of South Africa for aiding in the suppression of the freedom The recent national steering .struggle in southern Africa. committee meeting of the African In Boston, plans are set for a Liberation Support Committee, the May 26 march and rally in Rox­ group spearheading May 26 na­ bury, the predominantly Black tionally, decided to launch a na­ section of Boston. More than 30 tional boycott of all Gulf Oil and groups and prominent individuals Polaroid Corporation products af­ comprise the African Liberation ter the May 26 demonstrations. Day Committee, which is hosting It also reaffirmed an earlier de­ the protest, including the Pan-Af­ cision to raise $40,000 during the rican Liberation Committee at month of May to donate to var­ Manhattan Borough President Percy Sut­ Harvard University; Mrican Lib­ ious liberation organizations in ton, on ladder at right, supporting May eration Support Committee; Hay- Africa. 26 protest in New York City.

12 utlook A WEEKLY INTERNATIONAL SUPPLEMENT TO THE MILITANT BASED ON SELECTIONS FROM INTERCONTINENTAL PRESS, A NEWSMAGAZINE REFLECTING THE VIEWPOINT OF REVOLUTIONARY SOCIALISM.

MAY 18, 1973

A fight for human dig!li.tx. The struggle of the immigrant workers in France

By Jon Rothschild slumlords, dope peddlers, confidence J magazine Usine Nouvelle, for ex­ the immigrant proof of lodging [a men, and similar elements who under ample, noted: necessity for labor contracts]. Thus, less favorable conditions might swell "The existence of this immigration the employer can control all aspects "I came here eight months ago and the ranks of the unemployed are able gives our economy greater flexibility, of the immigrant worker's life -'pri­ got hired as a semiskilled worker. to find work in their chosen profes­ since the immigrants are very mobile, vate life, trade union and political The safety instructions were written are willing to switch factories or re­ activities. in French. I ca:p't read French. I got sions, accumulate some initial capital, gions, and, if it becomes necessary, "Finally, the police department is the a hand torn off by the machine." and take their places among respect­ able layers of society.) to become compensated unemployed. only authority empowered to distrib­ A not unusual accident report. Ac­ The March 24 issue of the Paris The immigr!ltion is still more advan­ ute visas and work permits. The Fon­ cording to the French National Sta­ daily Le Monde reported the follow­ tageous in that it allows our country tanet-Marcellin memorandum thus tistical Institute, the workplace acci­ ing ethnic breakdown of the immi­ to defray a part of the costs of edu­ gives the police full power to eliminate dent rate for immigrant workers is grant population as of 1971: Algerian cation and to better balance the bud­ anybody they consider undesirable. eight times higher than it is for French 754,462; Spanish 589,926; Italian get. Because they are young, the im­ "In this way the big employers, like workers. In the metal industry, where 588, 739; Moroccan 194,296; Polish migrants often bear a heavier share Citroen, Simca, etc., can impose a the immigrants are 12 percent of the 99,867; Portuguese 694,550; Tuni­ of taxation than they receive in bene­ system of six-month rotation of the work force, they are 24 percent of the sian 106,846; Yugoslavian 65,218. fits." immigrant work force, aimed at al­ workers injured on the job. This is Not included (no explanation was of­ The latter part of this statement is. ways having a fresh work force, cheap one of the few statistical categories ferred) are immigrants from former politely put. In fact, the immigrants and unable to organize. Thus, at Cit­ in which the immigrants score higher French colonies in Black Africa, who receive almost nothing in the way of roen, while the management refused than the French workers. Others in­ may weir total several hundred thou­ social benefits, and their "mobility" is to renew labor contracts to twenty clude the rate of hospitalization sand. Tunisian workers,· at the same time among youth, the incidence of rickets, enforced simply by denying them de­ it asked the National Immigration Of-· and the death rate from tuberculosis. cent places to live, and even by clear­ fice for permission to import 560 new Victimization of foreign workers has ing them out of the slums they are immigrant workers! The twenty Tuni­ gone on in France (and other West­ forced to occupy, whenever the vicis­ sians were threatened with expulsion ern countries) for years. It has not situdes of the real estate market call from the country." been the subject of newspaper articles for such action. The regime apparently believed it in the bourgeois press or of parlia­ The conditions the immigrants are would have no trouble imposing the mentary debate until recently. This forced to live in when they do find Fontanet-Marcellin memorandum, is for two reasons: The number of lodgings make the rate of di!!eases generally associated with the early since the precarious position of the foreign workers in France has dra­ days ofthe industrial revolution much immigrant workers had in the past matically risen in the last decade; and higher than average. In some of the made them less than militant in op- the foreign workers have begun to slums, composed of hovels with tar­ . posing government manipulation. But struggle against their conditions of paper or sheet-metal roofs, there is this time, the immigrants fought back, life. no running water, rats abound, and through forms of struggle ranging According to the official French cen­ fire is a constant danger. In the Paris from hunger strikes to factory occu­ sus agency, as of January 1972 there area, 39 percent of tuberculosis vic­ pations. were 3,628,452 immigrant workers in tims are immigrants. In some predom­ The March 30 Rouge quoted the France. Of these, just under 2 million inantly African areas, the tuberculosis statement of Antonio Silva, a Portu­ are men, about 870,000 are women, rate reaches 15 to 23 percent on the guese worker in the giant Renault­ and about 825,000 are children. Most average. In fact, France has a tuber­ Billancourt plant, which has been in nongovernmental surveys indicate culosis death-rate eight times higher the center of the struggle against the that the real total is 10-12 percent than the Netherlands, the discrepancy memorandum: higher. being due largely to the immigrants. "When you immigrate under a la­ Nationally, the immigrants consti­ Among immigrant youth, the rate of bor contract, you're not allowed to go tute about 15 percent of the total work hospitalization is three to six times on strike. Are there two kinds of work­ force (about 8 percent of the total higher than it is for French youth. ers? Ones that can go on strike and population). But both those figures Malnutrition and vitamin-deficiency ones that can't? If the immigrant are misleading. As a pool of unskilled diseases result in the hospitalization worker is made into a slave, the and semiskilled labor, the immigrants of large numbers of immigrant in­ French worker will soon be one too. co-ncentrate in cities and in productive The greatest increase in immigra­ fants. If you don't even have the simple areas of the economy. In greater tion comes from Portugal (in 1962, right to change jobs, what right do Paris, for example, about 13 percent there were - officially - only about you have? What remains of liberty, of the population is immigrant. In 70,000 Portuguese immigrants in Fontanet-Marcellin Memorandum equality, and fraternity if men who industry, about 20 percent of the na­ France, about one-tenth the current work for a living are tied to one em­ tional work force is immigrant; in the figure), Algeria (about a 75 percent Late in 1972, the French govern­ ployer like a slave to his master?" construction industry the figure is up­ increase over 1962), Morocco, and ment intervened to bolster the already The first forms the immigrant work­ wards of 30 percent. Yugoslavia. great "mobility" of the immigrant ers' struggle against the Fontanet­ The ethnic composition of the for­ workers. The Fontanet-Marcellin Marcellin memorandum took were eign population is difficult to deter­ It is apparent, then, that the past memorandum was issued. Essentially, hunger strikes to demand that they mine. Much of the immigration is il­ decade has seen the growth of an the system set up by the memoran­ be issued work permits as in the pre­ legal and thus not easily susceptible to immigrant population that is socially dum links entry papers to labor con­ memorandum days. Significantly, the statistical analysis. significant. Numerically, the weight of tracts. Instead of issuing the immi­ struggles started before the legislative (Semilegal is probably a more near­ immigrant workers (taken as a whole) grants work permits, which allow elections, in the midst of the campaign. ly correct term. While it is officially in French society is not qualitatively them to look for work "freely" -that The immigrants, like the high-school­ against the law, clandestine immigra­ different from the weight of the Black is, within the usual constraints of cap­ ers, who also lack the right to vote, tion is generally ignored by the re­ population in the United States. italist society -the regime will grant were thus the first two sectors to up­ gime. This provides a broad range The economic advantages to the immigrants the right of residency only set the electoral truce and to wage of benefits to all those concerned with French ruling class are manifold. In if they have a certificate from an in­ extraparliamentary fights that helped accumulation of capital. Workers who contrast to their American class broth­ dividual employer. trigger the broader conflicts to come. are in the country illegally are far ers, who have more experience in The March 2 issue of Rouge, weekly By the middle of February, actions more vulnerable to victimization by hypocritical rhetoric on such ques­ newspaper of the Ligue Communiste, against the Fontanet memorandum the corporations that contract to bring tions, the French capitalists seem will­ French section of the Fourth Interna­ were under way in Toulouse, Stras­ them into France in the first place. Be­ ing to publicly boast about their ex­ tional, explained the effects of the Fon­ bourg, Lyon, and Carpentras. In the sides, an illegal traffic generates vi­ ploitation of the "non-native" popula­ tanet memorandum: latter city, the Communist party dem- brant subsidiary industry. Smugglers, tion. An article in the employers' "It is the employer who furnishes Continued on following poge World Outlook W0/2

'If the immigrant worker is made into a slave, the French worker will soon be one too' Confinuecllrom preceding page immigrants demonstrated in Paris to neighboring countries. of immigrants from their living quar­ onstrated that its opposition to strug­ demand abrogation of the Fontanet­ "The CP's nationalism, its narrowly ters; Lift the bans on political and gle in the preelection period was not Marcellin memorandum. The action legalistic outlook, leads it to defend the trade-union organizations of other restricted to the high-school move­ was overshadowed by the huge dem­ existing order in employment (demo­ countries; Complete freedom of the ment. onstrations of hundreds of thousands cratically, of course). And when strug­ press for immigrants; Abolition of the The March 9 Rouge reported that of youth on March 22 and April 2, gles by immigrant workers broke out, minister of the interior's discretionary after two Moroccan workers were as­ but it nevertheless represented a new the CP generally withheld any real powers; Equal political rights for saulted, a protest demonstration was willingness on the part of the immi­ support or active solidarity ( Girosteel, French and immigrant workers;R,ight organized by the Association of Soli­ grants to fight openly for their rights. Pennaroya, Zimmerfer, for example)." to vote for all immigrants in France; darity With Immigrant Workers. ·It On April 9, in the united trade-union "As against the employers' attempts Right of association, assembly, and was scheduled for February 24. Most and youth demonstration against the to divide the workers," Rouge con­ political expression; Right of immi­ of the left and far-left groups, and abolition of draft deferments and the tinued, "we declare: French, immi­ grants to return to their countries of some unions besides, called for sup­ militarization of youth, contingents of grants, same employers, same fight! origin at any time without paying port to the demonstration. But on the immigrant workers took part. Equal pay for equal work! Equal any penalty and the right to return morning of February 24, the CP's rights for all! to France at will; Abolish the Fon­ local newspaper, La Marseillaise, an­ Communist Party Obstructionism "But the immigrant workers are tanet memorandum and all laws dis­ nounced that CP members would not most often more exploited than the criminating against immigrant work­ attend the action and urged the pop­ The Common Program of the Com­ French workers. In order to impose ers. ulation to stay away. The people, said munist Party and Socialist Party in this superexploitation on the immi­ the CP, had to beware of government the legislative elections last March in­ grants, the bourgeoisie has set up a Triggering the Renault Strikes attempts to create provocations aimed cluded several demands for constitu­ whole series of means of c~>ntrol and at disrupting the elections by foment­ tional and penal code reforms aimed repression. At the end of March, the immigrant ing violence. In spite of the CP' s scab­ at improving the legal position of the "So the immigrants have special de­ workers triggered what has become bing, 250 people marched. immigrants. But the Common Pro­ mands on the political, social, and one of the most serious labor upsurges The CP soon began to find itself gram said nothing about the political economic levels. But their demands to occur in France in recent years. in a rather embarrassing position. rights of the immigrants. It recom­ must be supported by the entire work­ On March 21, some 3 73 OS ( ouvriers The leadership had given partial sup­ mended that the right to vote be ing class; this is the only way to en­ specialises- semiskilled workers) in port to the Fontanet memorandum, granted only to naturalized French sure their victory." the stamping section of the giant Re­ claiming it would help to reduce il­ nault-Billancourt plant walked off the legal immigration, which the CP sees job. At least three-fourths of the OS as a threat to the French workers. But are immigrant workers. They work in the struggle of the immigrants them­ Department 12 of Renault-Billancourt, selves continued to broaden and be­ where they operate huge presses, per­ gan to get support from the French forming the same set of motions 353 workers. times an hour forty-three hours a The March 16 Rouge reported that week. hunger strikes by immigrant work­ Within Department 12 there are three ers demanding work permits were go­ different pay scales- all for the same ing on in Valence, Mulhouse, Tou­ job. The OS demanded immediate louse, Perpignan, and Aix. The March wage increases, equal pay for equal 23 issue reported that Nice and Lille work, and reclassification of all OS had joined the cities involved. In some into a higher slot. cases, the immigrants got enough sup­ The third demand became the most port to force the government to back crucial. Earlier, management had cre­ down and issue work permits, al­ ated a new classification, called PI F, though government officials reiterated short for ouvriers professionnels de that the terms of the memorandum fabrications. But only about a dozen would be applied in the future. Tou­ of the OS had been advanced to that louse and Lyon were two cities where classification. this happened. As the struggle developed, the state­ The struggle against the memoran­ run company agreed to grant the OS dum impelled the immigrant workers wage increases that would bring them to take up other demands as well­ close to PI F level, but refused to yield specifically those relating to their po­ on the question of reclassification. The sitions on the job. The demand of board of directors had clearly decided equal pay for equal work with French to hold the line on this point, recog­ workers was raised. Elementary rights nizing that the entire system of strati­ of trade-union organization were also fication- of crucial importance in fought for. The April 13 issue of maintaining the superexploitation of Rouge gave a ·roundup of the strug­ the immigrant workers-was at stake. gles initiated by the immigrant workers: The employers hoped that the wage "At Girosteel, at Bourget, the immi­ increases would be enough to convince grants fought for the rehiring of a the OS to end their strike. The Com­ fired worker, the end of all discrim­ munist party leadership of the CGT ination in hiring, the right of union­ Immigrant workers' housing: 'There is no running water, rats abound, and fire is a (Confederation Generale du Travail­ ization, and across-the-board wage in- constant danger.' General Confederation of Labor, the creases. country's largest trade-union federa­ "At Pennaroya in Lyon, the immi­ tion) bolstered the employers in this grant workers, confronted with police aim. Both the regime and the Stalin­ and fascist violence, went on strike citizens, not to immigrants living and Rouge listed a series of demands. ist bureaucrats failed. and occupied the factory. working in France but formally still Among them were the following: The regime's tactics then shifted. "To "At Maillard and Duclos, in the citizens of their countries of origin! Freedom of immigration; Abolish avoid the development of an 'Italian­ Lyon construction industry, strikes hit "The French Communist party pre­ the National Immigration Office; No style' situation in which shop after thirteen work sites; some of them were sents itself as the best defender of the limit on the amount of money immi­ shop walks out on strike," wrote Jean­ occupied. national interest," wrote Rouge in its grants can send back to their coun­ Marie Dupont in the April 27 Le "During the so-called electoral truce, March 9 issue, "and this leads it logi­ tries of origin; Abolition of work per­ Monde, "management decided to force those who could not vote were in the cally to defend control over immigra­ mits; Equal family allowance pay~ the laying off of thousands of workers, forefront of the workers' struggles: at tion (hence the CP's remarks about ments for immigrants; Right to elect then to close two factories outright Brissoneau, at the SORMAE plant, the positive aspects of the Fontanet and to be elected to any organ of when the first signs of the spread of at Zimmerfer, at Fos, at F ASIBE, memorandum last October). This is workers defense; Right of equal pro­ the OS strike appeared." and in departments 34 and 38 at the same logic that leads it not only fessional training with French work­ The ·resulting lockouts threw 7,000 Renault." to defend, but to demand a strengthen­ ers; . Right to equal education at all wbrkers out of work. Then, .the strikes The first wave of Qle immigrant ing of the powers of the National Im­ levels; Serious application of existing escalated and the company retaliated workers' struggle reached a culmina­ migration Office, which is really a laws against racism; Dissolution of with more lockouts. By April 18, at tion on March 31, when about 3,000 service for recruiting slaves from racist organizations; No expulsions Renault 40,000 workers were on W0/3

strike, and the strike movement had cally isolated, the CP leaders deliber­ spread to the Peugot plants as well. ately playing one factory off against During the last week in April, the another. And the strike did not give World news notes situation in the auto industry was rise to the democratically elected or­ murky. In many factories, workers ganizational forms that have charac­ had returned to their jobs. But the terized the current youth upsurge. Rhodesian gov't releases journalist issues were far from settled. The work­ While there were localized moves in the On May 3 the white minority government of Prime Minister Ian ers were demanding to be paid for direction of forming strike committees Smith, bowing to widespread international protests, released jour­ the time they were locked out; the and general assemblies, they did not nalist Peter Niesewand from prison, where he had been held in companies were resisting. More impor­ become generalized. The workers paid solitary confinement for seventy-one days. tant, twenty-five OS at the Flins Re­ in this way for the Stalinist hegemony Niesewand's release followed the overturn of his conviction for nault plant had been fired for defend­ that still exists in the labor movement publishing secrets harmful to Rhodesia by an appeals court. He ing themselves against company-orga­ although it has been pretty well demol­ was presented with the choice of leaving the country or of staying nized police violence. At the Billan­ ished among the high-schoolers, uni­ in jail, and was put on a plane for London upon his release. court plant, one OS was fired for al­ versity students, and technical-school According to the May 4 New York Times, one of the conditions legedly damaging material during the students. of Niesewand's release was that he not speak about his case. strike. Nevertheless, the OS strikes marked The April 27 Le Monde reported a basic change in the consciousness Interview with South African prisoners that criminal charges would be filed of the semiskilled workers in general against the Flins workers, an issue and more particularly in the con­ An Australian journalist has been allowed to interview two of that could well provoke fresh walk­ sciousness of the immigrant workers. South Africa's best-known political prisoners. Nelson Mandela and· outs. The OS strikes and the broader The immigrant workers' new mili­ Dr. Neville Alexander were visited in the notorious Robben Island strikes they triggered suffered from tancy will no doubt be reflected in prison camp by David McNicoll, who described his tour of the two great weaknesses-both due the united May Day demonstration prison in the April 22 issue of the London Observer. largely to the policies of the CGT and in the general workers' struggles Both Mandela and Alexander were sentenced in 1964. Mandela leadership. The strikes remained lo- yet to come. 0 was deputy leader of the African National Congress (ANC). His arrest and sentencing to life imprisonment attracted worldwide at­ tention, and even produced protests at the United Nations. Alexander is an internation-ally renowned scholar who had taught at Tiibingen University in West Germany. He and ten other non­ lating its line of action with ever-in­ white South Africans were arrested in 1963 and charged with "terror­ creasing clarity. In its lexicon- in ad­ ism" even thought no specific "terrorist" acts were named by the ... Chile dition to the special meaning it gives prosecution. to concepts like "democracy" (i.e., the The eleven were convicted of organizing a "conspiracy" because Continued from page W04 international right) and "totalitarian­ they had met to discuss Marxist classics and, the prosecution "Form self-defense nuclei and an in­ ism"- UP means the entire left and charged, books on guerrilla warfare. Alexander drew the longest formation system by means of loyal every individual worker, student, or sentence, ten years in prison. workers who infiltrate the peasant set­ squatter in the vanguard. "Unionists" "Discipline," McNicoll writes, "is strict and punishment is very di­ tlements and the estates that have been are those who participated in the boss­ rect. It takes the form of demoting the privilege classification of expropriated throughout the zone. Re­ es' strike last October. The front page a prisoner. inforcement nuclei will be set up in of the latest issue of Patria y Liber­ "Then there is solitary. This means removal of all books except the towns together with a warning tad carried the following headline: the Bible, and no contact of any sort with other prisoners." system involving the cooperation of "Nationa1ism, Unionism, and Armed The prison administration attempts to keep the prisoners totally civil servants in financial bodies.... Forces: The Only Alternatives for isolated from the outside , world. Mandela told McNicoll: "... you Activists in the UP (FTR-MIR [Frente Power." must realise we get no papers, we have no radios, we are never de Trabajadores Revolucionarios-Mo­ The Christian Democracy bemoans allowed to read anything critical of the Government. All our maga­ vimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria the "irresponsibility of Patria y Liber­ zines are cel}.sored. You will never believe it, but re1:ently they gave -Front of Revolutionary Workers­ tad" and whiningly asks a few ques­ me a Reader's Digest, and they'd censored 20 of the articles in it." Movement of the Revolutionary Left]) tions: "1) If the political process is The authorities also follow a policy of trying to divide the pris­ will be identified, and they will be blocked by the institutional deadlock, oners against each other on racial lines. Prisoners' diets are deter­ subjected to constant surveillance and what are their feelings about continu­ mined not by their needs or state of health but by their race. For possible psychological or physical in­ ing to adhere to democratic princi­ example, Colored and Indian prisoners are given bread with butter timidation." ples? 2) If the political process be­ or ghee once a day, while Africans receive it only twice a week. • For neighbors: comes blocked, do they propose Alexander has nearly c·ompleted his sentence, but in the South "Fathers will instruct their children straightforwardly a coup d'etat African police state, this is no guarantee of release. in detail about the meaning of total­ against Allende? 3) Are they in a "Alexander gets out next year," McNicoll wrote, ''but fears he will itarianism, using oral and graphic position to perform such a coup by be restricted to house arrest, which will stop him r~suming his teach­ examples of it throughout the world, themselves, or do they expect the ing career (he speaks English, Afrikaans, German and his own and they will indicate to their chil­ armed forces to take part in it? 4) Bantu tongue perfectly)." dren who the Marxist totalitarian Do they believe, if they are in their agents are so that they can avoid right mind, that the armed forces 'Bulletin of the Opposition' available physical contact with them and iso­ would carry out a coup d'etat in late them .... On a permanent basis Chile? And if they do believe this, do For twelve years, from 1929 to 1941, the Byulleten Oppozitsii they will make them read about or will they think that the armed forces would (Bulletin of the 'Opposition) was the voice of the Trotskyist Left call their attention to the daily bru­ do it on behalf of their m~ovement?" Opposition, and later of the Fourth International, in the Soviet tality of Marxism, using a wide num­ This sniveling is not preventing the Union. During its existence the Bulletin was forced by fascist and ber of examples to teach them about Christian Democracy's members from Stalinist persecution to change its place of publication five times. the unsuitability of. the dogma.... being polarized in the direction of Pa­ Members of its editorial board, including Trotsky's son, Leon Sedov, "SAC 0 section heads will get from tria y Libertad, which they definitely and Trotsky himself, were murdered; its contributors were thrown their neighbors the location of cells feel is more "in its right mind" than into concentration camps; its readers were jailed and persecuted. · and the meeting places for pro-UP Frei or Tomic. Stalin's police apparatus was successful in destroying the Left businessmen, for the JAP [Juntas de Although the UP denounces certain Opposition in the Soviet Union, but his heirs are now striving to Abastecimiento y Control de Precios­ attacks by Patria y Libertad on in­ contain a new democratic opposition. The activists in the new Soviet Supply and Price Control Boards], habitants of marginal shantytowns, opposition movement have never had the opportunity to read the and for distributing rationed goods; its position is confusionist. The gov­ ideas of Trotsky for themselves. But their struggle is part of the new the names and nicknames of militants ernment secretary general, Anibal Pal­ worldwide radicalization, and the ideas of Trotskyism will find and their movements, places of opera­ ma, for instance, denounced the atti· their way into the Soviet Union once again, just as they are gaining tion, etc.... tude of squatters and workers par­ increasing influence throughout the rest of the world. "Sustained campaigns involving ticipating in occupations as a plot This process will be spurred by the publication of a complete psychological intimidation will be car­ by the MIR and Patria y Libertad. fascimile edition of the Bulletin in the original Russian by Monad ried out, using slogans and propa­ Statements of this kind confuse the Press. The four-volume set can be ordered for $160 from Pathfinder ganda aimed at UP militants, as well people and can only work to the ad­ Press (the exclusive distributor of Monad Press books). as rumors and scare stories aimed vantage of the fascist groups. at UP women and their children; these Only the strength of the organized Mexican police kill four students will be furnished by SACO.... Fol­ workers, continuing their struggle low a policy of ill will: Offer no trans­ without letting themselves be held back Four students at Puebla University in Mexico were killed, and at portation to UP people; give no aid by vacillating and traitorous leader­ least seven others wounded May 1, when police there opened fire to UP people; do not lend to, obtain ships, can force fascism to retreat. on a May Day demonstration. Students and faculty members at from, speak to, compete with, or main­ The real accomplices of Patria y Lib­ the university claim that police in an unmarked car started the tain friendly relations with UP peo­ ertad are not the workers who are shooting, and that the action was planned in advance. ple. . . . Boycott the directives of the mobilizing in defense of their interests. Faculty members have demanded the resignation of the governor UP Neighborhood Boards with per­ On the contrary, they are the worst en­ of the state, and the university rector charged that the police attack fectly organized groups whose aims emy of fascism. The true accomplices was "an act of direct provocation." are clear and precise." are those who hold back and vilify As can be. seen, fascism is formu- this mobilization of the masses. 0 World Outlook W0/4

B!_ght wing_P-reP-ares for civil war report their experiments to the UP. Do not train anyone in the UP. . . . Remove plans and manuals deal­ ing with their projected and present operations and maintenance, and in Fascist threat mounting in Chile cases where this is not possible, create chaos in the archives. If you are in­ [Hugo Blanco, a Peruvian Trotsky­ is no political solution" for the present kept secret- or (more likely) Patria volved in planning, raise the margin ist leader, was sentenced to twenty- situation in Chile. y Libertad "leaked" it so that it would of certainty for every estimate and . five years in prison as a result of his At the end of March it stated: be given wide circulation. quantity. . . . Call for the maximum work in organizing peasant unions "With this second anniversary, we The following are the main points of possible number of accessories, and in the early 1960s. He was released are holding the first national gath­ the "black commands," as they are the minimum possible amount of in­ formation [memory] .... Increase the from prison in 1970, after serving ering of our leaders, with provincial now known: personnel involved in 'dead work,' ad­ eight years. In 1971 he was deported heads from the entire country also in • For professionals who work in ministrative aides, day laborers, and to Mexico because of his revolution­ attendance. This will be the best op­ the Social Sector of the economy (com­ service personnel, without rationaliz­ ary activity. He is currently living portunity for us to redouble our faith panies that have been taken over by in exile in Chile.] in nationalism and to prepare our­ the state): ing activities or mechanizing the work that is performed.... " selves, with greater self-sacrifice than "Make a brief report on the firm's For private contractors: ever, for the great battle that awaits financing and the banks where money e "Under legal pretexts, let the con­ By Hugo Blanco us in the immediate future. Every day is deposited, as well as the persons tracts of Marxist workers or employ­ brings the day of liberation closer. in charge of the depositing, and to the ees lapse if they are constantly at­ Santiago This is a day not to be waited for but extent possible on the firm's monthly tempting to form cells that are pre­ Along with the strengthening of the to fight for. It will be we nationalists financial status.. · . . Draw up a list paring to take over the company.... right wing inside the Unidad Popular who will return dignity, freedom, and of stocks and supplies, and the names Industrialists will have to win over government a strengthening of fas­ a future to our captive fatherland." of the respective importers and the their workers through pledges that in­ cism is also occurring. The gathering was dubbed the Ex- usual suppliers. . . . Draw up a list volve small cost to the company.... Of the two best-known organizations Lunch, coffee break, etc., and small that represent fascism in Chile, Patria breakfasts for those who live furthest y Libertad [Fatherland and Freedom] away.... Work shoes, vacation re­ and "Rolando Matus," it is the former treats, emergency funds, scholarships that· might have pretensions of being for children of the most outstanding respectable. workers, free time for going to school, Its full name is Frente Nacionalista help in paying for books and for en­ Patria y Libertad [Nationalist Front rolling to obtain training.... for Fatherland and Freedom]. It was "The industrialist will have to do formed two years ago. Its founder business preferentially, and later ex­ and ~eneral secretary, Roberto Thie­ clusively, with the democratic clients me, died in an accident last February included on the list provided by the 23 while (in the words of his cothink­ coordination center. . . . In cases ers) "carrying out a patrol in the prov­ where state-run companies exert pres­ ince of" Concepci6n." Another of its sure to bring about sale of a product, "heroes," Hector Castillo Fuentealba, payment in cash will be required, par­ is honored as having been "murdered tial deliveries of the goods will be by a socialist activist in Chillan on made, and increased prices will be December 20, 1972." charged. . . . The distribution of This group has a higher degree of products will be entrusted only to organization, discipline, armed prepa­ democratic distributors; in case of ration, and determination than any state repression, only products of low­ other Chilean party, whether of the er quality and in lesser quantity will left or the right. be delivered to the social sector, and In spite of its small size, it has pub­ this will be done with delays and lic headquarters (no one knows how dragged-out negotiations over the many clandestine ones) and a news- • matter.... paper, Patria y Libertad. Its "swas­ "In case of illegal take-overs of tika" is a stylized spider. plants, the owner will notify the co­ It has already carried out many ordination center in advance of all de­ "actions," primarily against squatters tails and the names and addresses of in marginal areas, in cases where the leaders, etc., and the appropriate hoarding of goods had been uncov­ protective mechanism will be pro­ ered, or when homeless persons have vided.... " taken over unused land. In these • For ranchers: cases, or when certain factories have "Draw up a sketch with the location been occupied, members of the group of the property and access roads, have functioned as shock troops for paths, crossings, and tracks that can the capitalists. They also carried out be used as alternatives in blocking a great deal of activity during the Arms cache found at"the headquarters of Patrie y Libertad. election campaign, storming the head­ roads. . . . Lists of their own avail­ quarters of left-wing parties or using able means of transportation, or hired firearms to attack propaganda teams trucks capable of carrying· freight (preferably with fully licensed driv­ of these parties. On such occasions, panded Nationai Council. The main of the kind of machines that are used, ers).... Reports on the type, frequen­ they were joined by members of other agreement reached was operation detailing the sources of energy, water, cy, and schedule of stations for over­ right-wing parties, such as the Na- SACO [Sistema de Acci6n Civica Or­ or fuel and the emergency electrical . \ hauling and repairing the same.... tional party and the Christian Democ- ganizada - System of Organized Civ­ plants.... Volunteers for organizing a system of racy. ic Action]. The internal document ex­ "Do not teach 'their technological signs and road patrols that can fa­ Patria y Libertad feels that "there plaining this operation could not be methods or their codes. . . . Do not cilitate the moving of transport.... Attempts could be made to enlist the The Coming Confrontation Intercontinental Press cooperation of private planes and P. 0. Box 116, Village Station ham radio operators in perfecting the Where is Allende taking Chile? New York, NY 10014 system.... When the chips are down, where will "Produce basic foods- beans, lentils, the military stand? What are the orga- ' chick-peas, potatoes, corn, etc.- in nizations of the workers, peasants, and Name------the best soil and in small plots that the left doing? What are their pro­ are not liable to be detected, but that grams? What are the perspectives Address ------produce a high yield and high qual­ facing the Chilean people? ity. . . . Furnish SOCOAGRO [state For the answers read Intercontinen­ City------distribution agency] with false reports tal Press, the only English-language on the yield per plot anc:J. the possi­ weeki y magazine that specializes on State ______Zip ----- bilities of the property. It will be nec­ news and analysis of revolutionary essary· to give the impression of co­ struggles from Canada to Chile and o}9erating in order to obtain allow­ all around the world. ances and other credits, but the major Intercontinental Press: A socialist part of what is produced will be de­ antidote to the lies of the capitalist ) Enclosed is $7.50 for six months. livered through SACO.... media. ) End osed is $15 for one year. Continued on page W03 Internal disputes surface at convention of Puerto Rican Independence Party By MIRTA VIDAL island of Culebra for target practice, They pointed out that the expulsion one-man rule. PONCE, Puerto Rico- For several and participated in student struggles. took place "without consulting the Many oppositionists agreed that at months the Puerto Rican Independence In 1971, the PIP came out for an ranks and without giving Colon the root of these disagreements is an Party (PIP), the largest pro-indepen­ independent and socialist Puerto Rico. Martinez a chance to appear at a trial ideological debate. They agreed also dence party in Puerto Rico, has been The influx of young people into the in his defense." that a series of "autocratic measures," in turmoil because of ·serious political party led, in 1968-69, to the forma­ Berrios claimed that the opposition of which Colon's expulsion was one disagreements. The dispute that began tion of student organizations in the sought to stage a "coup" to take over example, are designed to stifle criticism to surface between the official leader­ high schools and universities­ the leadership, making no differentia­ and alienate from the rest of the party ship of the PIP and a more radical the Juventud Independentista Estu­ tion between Colon's following and a militant sector that seeks to define layer of young activists and leaders diantil (JIE) and the Juventud Inde­ the terceristas. Berrios toured the is­ the party's political line and organiza­ of the party- the terceristas (third pendentista Universitaria (JIU)­ land prior to the convention, accusing tional norms along clearly socialist group)- came to a head at a special both of which held their founding con­ the youth-which is almost solidly lines. convention held here April 8 for the ventions in September 1972. The JIU behind the opposition- of being "com­ One way this is being done, ex­ purpose of electing a new president. and JIE play an important role in the munists." plained Luis Angel .1. orres, secretary The convention was called when Ru­ general of the JIU and one of the two ben Berrios, whose role as president PIP representatives in the legislature, of the PIP has come under increasing in a discussion with this reporter prior criticism, resigned from the party in to the convention, is by denying the March. Of the 1,404 delegates at the JIU adequate representation. Only 12 convention, 1,027 voted to reelect Be­ of the 1,404 delegates were repre­ rrios as president. Three hundred and senting the JIU. "JIU chapters are forty-nine delegates supported the po­ considered separate committees of the sition of the terceristas by abstaining PIP, and we want representation in in the election. proportion to the work it carries out," The PIP was formed in the mid- he said. 1940s by the pro-independence wing Since the April 8 convention, meet­ of the Popular Democratic Party, the ings of the terceristas to discuss and bourgeois party now in power. (Since plan the next steps toward the summer the Spanish-American War at the turn\ convention have taken place. Terceris­ of the century, Puerto Rico has been tas this reporter spoke with see the a U.S. colony. In 1953 Washington need for a formal opposition tenden­ attempted to mask this oppression by cy, organized around a program, to designating the island colony the help draw out a clear political de­ "Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.") For bate at the upcoming convention. many years the PIP limited itself to Claridad, the newspaper of the running for public office. Claridad Puerto Rican Socialist Party, carried In the late 1960s, with the resur­ Student groups associated with Puerto Rican Independence Party cosponsored demon­ stration of more than 3,000 April 11. postconvention statements from four gence o~ the struggle for independence leading PIP figures clarifying their and the growth of the student move­ poSitions. Norman Pietri, speaking for ment, the PIP adopted an action orien­ the terceristas, summarized the situa­ tation. For example, in 1971 the PIP Puerto Rican student movement. The terceristas called for abstaining tion this way: joined with the Pro-Independence A PIP' senator, Ruben Berrios, and on the election of a president on the "The opposition to a party of chiefs Movement (MPI, later· to become the two representatives were elected to the grounds that the April 8 convention is the left wing of the party.... " Puerto Rican Socialist Party) in or­ commonwealth legislature last N ovem­ was riot a solution to the deepgoing Berrios, who depended on the youth's ganizing a march of some 80,000 ber. Following the elections, the PIP problems confronting the PIP. The support for his election to the presi­ during the U. S. governors conference. leadership expelled its 1972 guberna­ convention, they said, would be mere­ dency in 1970, Pietri continues, "now This was the largest pro-independence torial candidate, Noel Colon Martinez, ly a "vote of confidence" for Berrios, leans on the most conservative sectors demonstration ever held in Puerto on alleged violations of discipline, whose reelection without prior discus­ of th~ party. That has to reflect itself Rico. among them publicly criticizing the sion was assured. They argued that in the party's politics. . . . The left · Berrios himself, who became presi­ party. the election of a president should be wing of the PIP is basic to its devel­ dent of the PIP in 1970, had been Opposition to this move within the held off until after a convention to opment as a movement for national among a group of young Puerto Ri­ ranks led the leadership to later discuss the party's program and liberation." cans jailed for refusing induction into reverse this decision. The expulsion, norms, scheduled for this summer. ''What we need now," he adds, "is the U. S. military service. Along with however, led to the consolidation of A central demand of the terceristas a broad debate. . . . If the officialist the MPI, the PIP mobilized support for the terceristas. They explained they is that once a program has been dis­ leadership continues avoiding the po­ strikes and for the tenant squatters were behind neither Berrios nor Colon cussed and agreed upon, a democratic, litical debate and attempting to repress movement, helped lead the struggle but represented a third group that was "collective" leadership structure be es­ us and get us out of the party, it is against the U.S. military using the critical of the "summary expulsion." tablished, as opposed to the current doing an irreparable harm to the PIP." Reed met by overflow crowds in Australia By NITAKELA explained that an understanding of said Reed's suggestion would be very Movement in the U.S. Today.'' Reed SYDNEY, Australia- Evelyn Reed, women in early society could help "dangerous." then returned to Sydney, where she the prominent U. S. feminist and Marx­ women gain the confidence to struggle But the 500 women and men spoke at the opening rally of the So­ ist anthropologist, completed a two­ for their liberation today. Three hun­ attending Reed's main public meeting cialist Youth Alliance's fourth nation­ week speaking tour of Australia April dred students, the majority of them in Sydney, and the 600 who came al conference. SY A cosponsored Reed's 23. women, attended the meeting. to hear her at the University of New tour with the Socialist Workers League, The tour was an enormous success, Reed landed in Australia in themidst South Wales, showed that such an 'Australian organization that sup­ with capacity and overflow crowds of a storm about abortion. Two La­ "experts" cannot explain the problems ports the Fourth International. at many meetings. Reed spoke on two bor members of Federal Parliament of women. Before returning to the U. S., Reed topics-"The Women's Liberation had recently announced they intended The news coverage became more will tour New Zealand and Japan, Movement in the U.S. Today" and to introduce a bill to liberalize the intense as Reed's tour progressed. where the women's liberation move­ "Is Biology Woman's Destiny?" Almost abortion laws, and reactionary forces Television, radio, and newspapers all ment is also beginning to have a big 4,000 women and men attended her were in the process of building a full­ wanted to interview the person one impact. public meetings and university talks. scale mobilization to prevent passage news editor had dubbed "The Granny The tour got off to a lively start of the bill. As a result, the news media of Women's Liberation." Reed pointed at Macquarie University in Sydney. were particularly interested in inter­ out that in spite of the intentions of Reed raised the hackles of several viewing a feminist from the U. S., this phrase, it did have a certain valid­ males who became irritated by her where the recent Supreme Court vic­ ity: for years she had lectured on statement that in some primitive so­ tory of the abortion rights movement what was known as "The Woman cieties, women could lift heavier has inspired Australian women. Question." However, only in the last weights than men. In fact, some males Sections of the news media were so five or six years have people wanted were worried by the whole content of worried by some of Reed's ideas that to listen, and the topic has now Reed's talk, which explained that in one instance they called in another changed to "Women's Liberation." It women have not always been the sec­ woman "expert" to counter her. De­ is no longer a "question" but is now ond sex. scribing the type of child-care centers a struggle with a clear objective. The nervous reaction by some males needed for young children, Reed liken­ in· the audience and the enthusiasm of ed them to "infant universities." Two In Melbourne, 500 people came to much of the rest of the meeting showed days later, Dr. Claire Ibister, a reac­ Assembly Hall to hear Reed speak how important the myth of women's tionary who opposes (among other on "Is Biology Woman's Destiny?" and biological inferiority has been in con­ things) young unmarried women 600 heard her at Melbourne Univer­ - ditioning and oppressing women. Reed having the right to keep their children, sity on "The Women's Liberation Evelyn Reed Militant/Flax Hermes

THE MILITANT/MAY 18, 1973 .13 Refugee camP-s are shelled Lebanese army attacks Palestinians From Intercontinental Press near the U.S. embassy.) calm overnight, should have acted so reported that fifty-three fedayeen and "For those who are hinting at a The regime declined the offer. In­ obligingly on the army's ultimatum. thirty-two civilian refugees had been Black May in Lebanon," President stead, tanks were moved toward the As soon as fighting erupted, govern­ killed. Suleiman Franjieh declared May 4, two Palestinian refugee camps in Bei­ ment tanks opened up on the Shatila As the fighting ended, Yassir Ara­ "we tell them that our wish is that rut that were assumed to be possible refugee camp (where 5,000 Palestin­ fat, chairman of the Palestine Libera­ the month of May- and the rest of headquarters for the kidnappers. The ians live) with .50-caliber machine tion Organization, held a meeting in the year-be months of roses and government demanded that the two guns. The fedayeen resisted the attack, the Makassed Hospital with Premier flowers not only for the Lebanese, noncoms be turned loose by 11:00 and fighting soon spread to the Burj Amin el-Hafez and three government but for all. n • a.m. M·ay 2. el-Barajneh camp. ministers. At the end of the meeting As is usually the case when rulers "Ten minutes after the expiration of a cease-fire was announced. of capitalist states resort to horticul­ the deadline," Edward Saab wrote in The battles went on for several tural imagery and mixed metaphor, the May 4 Le Monde, "the inhabitants hours. Late in the afternoon, the fe­ But the army refused to lift its siege the speaker was being more tactful of the capital were jolted by the crack dayeen turned over the two kidnapped of the Palestinian camps, and in the than honest- unless Franjieh was re­ of machine-gun fire, followed by vi­ Lebanese soldiers to Kemal Jumblatt, morning, May 3, fighting broke out ferring to funeral wreaths. His state­ olent explosions." a pro-Palestinian member of the Leba­ again. The Dibayeh refugee camp ment came after two days of heavy nese parliament. But the army contin­ north of Beirut was bombarded by ued to attack. Although still concen­ fighting between government troops An official communique later claimed at least 100 cannon rounds by govern­ trated around the two Palestinian and Palestinian fedayeen- the worst that the fighting had not been started ment tanks. Rockets were fired into. camps in the south suburbs of Beirut, such fighting since April 1969. by the army, but had broken out the Tel Zattar camp, also north of the fighting spread into downtown ar­ Later that afternoon, after dozens after fedayeen attacked three army Beirut. eas, where fedayeen sniper attacks on had been killed and hundreds wound­ barracks and roadblocks set up out­ the army were reported: At the Burj el-Barajneh camp south ed, a cease-fire came into effect. It side the Palestinian camps. This is of the. city, the government used jet lasted until the night of May 7, when almost certainly not true. It is dif­ In the early evening, the govern­ fighters against the refugees. The May government forces opened up with can­ ficult to see what the fedayeen could ment imposed a round-the-clock cur­ 5 Christian Science Monitor ·reported non, rockets, and automatic weapons have had to gain by opening fire few, effective at 7:30 p.m. and extend­ that Hawker-Hunter planes. made "12 on two large Palestinian camps just on the army while they were still hold­ ing indefinitely. By late evening, the passes to deliver cannon fire, rockets, south of Beirut. The same night, Pre­ ing hostages that they wanted to bar­ battles had tapered off. The streets and finally eight bombs on guerrillas mier Amin el-Hafez declared martial ter for political prisoners. It is even of the city were deserted-. The govern­ who had moved forward from their law throughout the country. more difficult to see why the Pales­ ment announced that twelve soldiers camp area close to Beirut airport. Exactly how the fighting broke out tinians, who had maintained complete had been killed; Palestinian sources The bombing and cannon and rocket remains obscure. On April 27 three fire raised casualties among the Pal­ person~ were arrested at the Beirut estinians into the hundreds." airport after customs officials report­ edly found dynamite hidden in their Fighting was also reported in the baggage. On May 1, four fedayeen Arkoub region of southern Lebanon were arrested near the U.S. embassy, and along the Syrian border in the after weapons, explosives, and a radio east. transmitter were found in their car. After fighting had gone on for sev­ Also on May 1, five members of the eral hours on May 4, Egyptian Presi­ Popular Front for the Liberation of dent Anwar el-Sadat dispatched Has­ Palestine were arrested- the cir­ san Sabry ei-Kholy, one of his ad­ cumstances. are not clear. visers, to Beirut to participate in new On the night of May 1 a Lebanese negotiations between the government army sergeant and a corporal were and the Arafat leadership. kidnapped. The New York Times and Late May 4, the second cease-fire Le Monde reported .that the Democratic was arranged. This time, it lasted Popular Front for the Liberation of three days. By the afternoon of May Palestine, the group headed by Nayef 5, only sporadic clashes between the Hawatmeh, had claimed responsibility Palestinians and the army were taking for the kidnapping and was said to place. As of May 6 Franjieh and Ara­ have offered to exchange the hostages fat were still holding discussions on for some of the arrested fedayeen. (It an overall agreement that would en­ was not clear which fedayeen; Le tail lifting the government siege of the Monde said it was the group arrested lebanese government used tanks against Palestinian refugee camps refugee camps. Pickets P-rotest anti-Black stand Shanker gets cold shoulder in Chicago By BOB KISSINGER the invitation to Shanker was with­ know who the enemy is." He- attributed AFT membership calling for changes CHICAGO, May 3-"Hoodlums" and drawn. the opposition to his appearance to "a in the AFT constitution that would "hatemongers." This is how United Among those who protested the small group of radicals," despite the shift a greater share of power to the Federation of Teachers President Al­ Shanker invitation were Tommy Bris­ fact that his views were challenged by larger locals. bert Shanker describes the parents and coe, director of legislation and orga­ many teachers in the question period. Shanker's UFT recently merged c.ommunity activists who fought for nization for the American Postal The row over the Shanker invitation with the New York State Teachers As­ Black and Puerto Rican control of Workers Union; Charles Hayes, vice­ was also tied in with the struggle brew­ sociation to form the New York State the schools in Ocean Hill-Brownsville president of the lllinois AFL-CIO and ing inside the American Federation of United Teachers. On May 1 the United in New York in 1968. Shanker made president of the Coalition of Black Teachers between Shanker and AFT Teachers officially became a part of the charges while speaking to 500 Trade Unionists; and Christine John­ President David Selden. the AFT. It has just. under 200,000 teachers today at the Chicago Teach­ son, president of the Mrican-American Shanker's complaint at the Chicago members, accounting for about half ers Union house of delegates. Heritage Association. meeting was the same one with which of the total membership of the AFT. Shanker was originally scheduled The Daily Defender, a Black news­ he answered an attack on him by Shanker will be the big beneficiary fo address the Chicago Teachers paper in Chicago, recalled that Shan­ · Selden that appeared in the March if the referendums now before the AFT Union annual education conference. ker "is the man who led the white 30 New York Post. When Selden ac­ membership are approved. But the invitation to him aroused such teachers in New York on an inde­ cused him of trying to take over the a storm of controversy that the CTU fensible strike against the Black com­ AFT and of being "a Meany orga­ executive board was forced to cancel munity." It pointed out that Shanker's nization man" who ''backs Meany on the meeting on April 30, only four policies could only hurt the Teachers virtually everything," Shanker replied days before it was scheduled to take Union by driving a wedge between the that "the problem with Dave is that place. At issue was Shafiker's racist teachers and the Blackcommunity. he doesn't know who the enemy is." record in opposing the right of Blacks "It was a coalition of Black trade Shanker favored AFL-CIO President and Puerto Ricans to control the unionists and perceptive, alert teach­ George Meany's policies of "neutrality" schools in their communities. ers that forged the unity that finally on Nixon's side in the 1972 elections · The invitation to Shankel" resulted won the Chicago teachers' strike," the and of support to the Vietnam war. in the withdrawal from the conference Defender explained. In that strike, ear­ Selden opposed both, sup-porting Mc­ of Professor Earl Durham of the lier this year, the Chicago teachers Govern in the elections. School of Social Service Administra­ made important strides in developing At an April 11 meeting of the AFT tion at the University of Chicago, and community support for their demands. executive council Shanker moved for of Dr. Arnita Boswell, president of the But Shanker would have n()ne of Selden's resignation. This and a cen­ League of Black Women. At least nine this. While teachers and other trade sure motion failed, but the council did other prominent Black and white edu­ unionists and community groups pick­ repudiate Selden's public criticism of cators and community leaders refused eted and leafletted outside, Shanker Shanker. Furthermore, it endorsed Chicago teachers on strike earlier this to participate in the conference unless claimed that his opponents "don't several referendums now befOl'e the year ..

14 Community protests rigging of N.Y. school board election; results challenged in court By EILEEN WELLS On May 3, supporters of the com­ NEW YORK, May 8-Jose Luis Ro­ munity slate and Fuentes held a pick­ driguez, an assistant principal in one et line at the site where the District • of the Lower East Side's public 1 ballots were being counted to protest schools, was angry. "The children the way the elections had been con­ come up to me and ask, 'Mr. Rodri­ ducted. guez, why can't my parents vote?' The pickets were joined by two What can I tell them? . . . This is not clas~es of junior high students who a democracy.... " spontaneously walked out of their Rodriguez was one of 59 in­ school when they heard the chants dividuals, including many poll watch­ of the pickets. Nearly 300 supporters ers, who testified at a public hearing took part. The pickets then moved here May 8, detailing massive vote to the board of election headquarters, fraud in the May 1 school board elec­ where 75 militant activists called for tions. new elections and chanted that the The pro-community-control slate elections were a fraud. backed by the Coalition for Educa­ More than 400 community residents tion polled 5,113 of a total of 12,596 attended the May 8 hearings on the valid votes in that election- 40.3 per" elections. The crowd was so large that cent. It elected Georgina Hoggard, many who wished to testify about vote Militant/ Arthur Hughes Lyle Brown, and Henry Ramos. But fraud they had personally witnessed Georgina Hoggard, one of the three candidates on the pro-Fuentes slate reelected the other six seats on the board were did not get a chance to do so. More to the school board, addressing rally outside of JHS 71 on May 3. taken by members of the slate backed than 200 of those unable to testify by the United Federation of Teachers furnished signed statements telling Puerto Rican downtown to the board Luis Fuentes, District 1 superinten­ (UFT). how they were harassed, intimidated, of elections headquarters to get a dent, who has been at the center of The new school board is scheduled and illegally turned away at the polls court order before they could vote. the controversy over community con­ to take office July 1, unless legal ac­ by anti-Fuentes city officials. A court order, obtained by the Com­ trol, also testified. He estimated that tion to invalidate the election results Their testimony gave overwhelming mittee for Democratic Election Laws 1,000 persons were .denied their right is successful. The pro-UFT slate has support to the charge that Black, (CoDEL) and the Puerto Rican Legal to vote, predominantly Blacks, Puer­ vowed to remove Luis Fuentes, Dis­ Puerto Rican, and Chinese residents Defense and Education Fund, had re­ to Ricans, and Chinese residents. trict 1 superintendent, as its first or­ of the community were systematically quired that translators be made avail­ Although the UFT leadership was der of business. denied their right to vote. able to assist Spanish- and Chinese­ invited to testify, none did so. But As speaker after speaker described speaking voters. Elena Diaz, an of­ teachers supporting the community the chaotic situation at the polls, the ficial Spanish translator, testified that slate did come forward with testimony. hearing officers sat in silence, occa­ when she arrived at her polling place Tom McCabe gave testimony that a~­ sionally asl;dng a question, but for at PS 110 she was told she was not ter he showed his UFT card to the the most part allowing the commu­ needed. When she insisted on remain­ inspectors and they assumed he was nity· residents to make their own case. ing at the polling place, she was then backing the UF T slate, he was wit­ Alice Cardona, representing stopped by elections inspectors repeat­ ness to countless instances of election­ ASPIRA, a Puerto Rican community edly and told she was not supposed eering and other irregularities inside organization, d1!scribed the systematic to talk to anyone in Spanish! his polling place. Many witnesses tes­ disenfranchisement of Puerto Rican Catherine Carlotti testified that each tified they found cards showing how voters. voter at PS 34 was asked to produce to vote for . the UF T slate inside the Helen Weinstein, a supporter of the identification before voting, and that voting booths. Others testified there . Coalition for Education, described her dozens were turned away because they were no voting booths! shock at discovering that the assis­ had none. She also testified that voters Perhaps the most striking testimony tant attorney general supervising the were turned away because their names came from Minnie Fisher, an older polls at PS 134 had sworn in the lo­ were not on computer lists being used white resident, who described how her cal head of the Jewish Defense League to identify eligible voters, even though election inspector told her in Yiddish for the day. According to her, the they had cards from the board of elec­ how to vote-for the UFT slate. "Is luis Fuentes Militant/Mark Satinoff JDL leader was sending nearly every tions showing they were registered. Continued on page 22 r Election day in N.Y. District one By DEBBY WOODROOF E nity control because they don't want the schools. ferring to the struggle that lies ahead Joyce Brock stedt, a w bite parent from to update themselves or learn our lan­ Candidate Henry Ramos reported if the UFT-backed candidates win a PS 15, spent the day at the Coalition guages. We can't afford to put 'our that voting along Grand Street, a majority on the board. for Education office May 1, taking kids in private schools like they do, white area where the UFT-slate draws · Hoggard recalled that in 1970, affidavits from District 1 voters who but that doesn't mean our kids aren't much of its support, was twice as when she was elected to the board were turned away from the polls. as good as theirs." heavy as it had been in the 1970 as a UFT supporter (she later Pointing to the pile of more than 100 Shortly before 9 p.m., when the school board election. He estimated changed her position), not nearly so complaints in front of her, she termed polls closed, District 1 activists began 6,000 votes were cast for that slate. many Lower East Side parents were the school board elections "a mock­ to crowd into the Coalition for Ed­ He also stated that in PS 110, where involved in the fight for community ery of our right to vote." ucation office to await reports from again most voters are white, a total control. Yet board members still had Brockstedt estimated that one out the Coalition's poll watchers and find of 396 ballots were cast, compared to sneak out of their meetings through of every four District 1 residents who out how many people had voted. A with 450 in the 1972 presidential elec­ back doors. "Now there are hundreds w·ent to vote was turned away-most Puerto Rican student stood looking tion. involved." "It's an empty victory for of them Spanish-speaking. She ran at a campaign poster printed by the As campaigners began to discuss them," another woman added. "What down some of the most frequent com­ UFT-endorsed . "Committee for Effec­ among themselves the ramifications have they won but a lot of trouble?" plaints-names of those who had tive Education" that was on the wall. of no longer having a school board voted in dozens of elections suddenly An "In" had been inserted before "Ef­ in which the majority supported com­ By 10 p.m., there was no more missing from computer printouts, stu­ fective," and it looked like dozens of munity control, Tito, a Puerto Rican room in the Coalition office, and sup­ dents told they could not vote if they people had taken a turn marking up parent, circulated from group to porters had overflowed into the streets. weren't parents, polling sites that did the candidates' faces and program. group. He pointed out, "Maybe we The three candidates who were there not open, demands made of parents He pointed to the hypocrisy of the didn't win, but we still have the people. -lloggard, Ramos, and Pedro Cor­ to furnish identification such as credit "Stop Racism!" slogan that appeared We're not defeated." dero-climbed up on chairs to ad­ cards, and people denied the right on top of the poster, in light of the He told me that before the current dress their campaigners. to vote even when they returned with racial composition of the slate-eight board came to power, the schools were Ramos was first. "Back to the a court order. whites and one Black. The students virtually closed, to parents. If you streets," he began. As he spoke, first She pointed out that most people in District 1 are 73 percent Puerto wanted to see the principal, you had in Spanish, then in English, people subjected to this harassment most like­ Rican, 15 percent Black, and 6 per­ to be escorted to the office by the threw shredded palm cards into the ly gave up after the first rebuff, and cent Chinese. police. "I never was involved in my air. He continued. "What has hap­ that thousands with complaints will As the poll watchers began to re­ kid's education until this board pened in the last few weeks was only. never make them known for fear of turn to the office with their reports, opened up the doors. I'm used to a 'training session, and now our job being taken off welfare, for example. it became clear that it was unlikely being involved now, and if the UFT begins. We've learned from this ex­ Brockstedt places the blame for the all members of the present board had wants me out, they'll have to throw perience. We have the people with us. day's travesty of justice on- the UFT. been reelected. This was due both to me out." Anp we'll all be in the streets if they "They are trying to disrupt our com­ the harassment Spanish-speaking par­ Two of the candidates, Georgina try to fire our superintendent." munity. They don't give a damn ents met at the polls and the large Hoggard and Henry Ramos, returned Hoggard followed. "I don't care how about what happens to us down here. numbers of voters turned out by sup­ to the office to talk to their supporters. many votes we got. We're not going They don't live here; they're trespass­ por.ters of the UFT-backed slate in "The election was today; the campaign to let them take our schools away ers. The teachers are against commu- their campaign to "stop violence" in starts tomorrow," Hoggard said, re- from us."

THE MILITANT/MAY 18, 1973 15 SOCIALISTS I THE FIGHT AGAIIIST AIITI·SEMITISM Ill THE '30s SOCIALIST WORKERS PARTY FOUGHT TO 'OPEN THE DOORS' TO VICTIMS OF NAZI TERROR By PETER SEIDMAN Roosevelt containing this favorable de­ counterparts. "Open the Doors!" that appeared in In previous articles we have shown scription of conditions under Musso­ In order to maintain the illusions the Oct. 29, 1938, Socialist Appeal, how and why leaders of Zionist and lini: "Many men are in uniform. The of the working masses in Roosevelt, a predecessor to The Militant. most Jewish organizations in the U.S. Fascisti in their black shirts are ap­ the cooperation of the trade-union bu­ "The only real answer to the bar­ raised no significant protests against parent in every community. They are reaucracy, the leaders of the Com­ barism practised by the reactionary the policies of the Roosevelt admin­ dapper and well dressed and stand munist and Socialist parties, and of capitalists in the name of national istration that left hundreds of thou­ up straight and lend an atmosphere the major Jewish and Zionist orga­ culture, is the mobilization of working sands of refugees, --Jews and others, of individuality and importance to nizations was necessary. By following class forces on the basis of interna­ to die at the hands of the fascist anti­ their surroundings ... The trains are an active policy of collaboration with tional solidarity against all class and Semites in Europe beginning in the punctual, well-equipped and fast ...." Roosevelt, these misleaders prevented national oppression. In the perfor­ 1930s. In 1941, Long wrote, in his diary their followers from carrying out any mance of this duty of organizing prac­ It is ironic that today leaders of of his approval of the then U.S. am­ meaningful struggle against unem­ tical aid for the disinherited and mis­ these very same Jewish organizations, bassador to the Soviet Union ployment, for trade unions, or against treated victims of fascist reaction, the like the B'nai B'rith, are attacking Laurence Steinhardt's clear cut opposi­ anti-Semitism. working class forges unbreakable in­ the Socialist Workers Party for being tion to "immigration in large numbers ternational links in the chain of its "anti-Semitic." For in contrast to the from Russia and Poland of the East­ struggle to pull civilization out of the policies of the B'nai B'rith during the ern Europeans whom he characterizes mire. worst campaign of genocidal terror as entirely unfit to become citizens of "The American proletariat must unite against Jews in the history of the this country. He says they are lawless, to help the refugees so that in this world, the Socialist Workers Party did scheming, defnmt- and in many ways very process they may prevent the not stand idly by, but rather engaged, unassimilable. He said the general same thing from taking place in their with others, in a struggle to force fype of intending immigrant was just own country. By making their power Washington to admit the refugees. the same as the criminal Jews who felt in warding off the blows of reac­ crowd our police court dockets in New tion delivered against the oppressed Furthermore,_ the SWP saw that the York and with whom he is acquainted. of other countries, the American work­ fight to admit the refugees was a cru­ . . . I think he is right -not as re­ ers at the same time mobilize their cial component of the broader fight gards the Russian and Polish Jew strength to defeat similar attempts at against a growing fascist and anti­ alone, but the lower level of all that oppression at home. Semitic movement that developed in Slav population of Eastern Europe " ... the American workers, includ­ the U.S. during the 1930s. and Western Asia." ing the Jewish workers, can perform The SWP . disagreed with the view Myron Taylor, a former president a far more useful service to the put forward by most Jewish and of the U.S. Steel Corporation who refugees, including the Jews, by Zionist leaders that Jews should rely played a key role in the Roosevelt making forceful demands not on the on the "democratic system" and "lib­ administration's refugee work, had British go~ernment [to admit the ref­ eral values" represented by the Roose­ two pictures on the wall of his office: ugees to Palestine] which need not and velt administration as a shield against one was of Roosevelt, the other of This did not mean that no fascist will not pay the slightest attention, anti-Semitism. It also argued against Mussolini. threat existed in the U. S. during the but on 'their own' government. We the idea that the creation of an ex­ So much for the "friends and bene­ 1930s. The social crisis in the U.S., must demand the open door for ref­ clusive Jewish state in Palestine rep­ factors" of the Jewish refugees! as in Germany, had created the condi­ ugees not merely in far-away Pales­ resented any real protection for Jews The Roosevelt administration, de­ tions out of which, as in Germany, tine, but here at home in the United from the anti-Semitic -terror sweeping spite the bigotry of its officials and layers of the middle classes and de­ States. Why has not Roosevelt at­ Europe. the criminal nature of its refugee poli­ moralized workers could be organized tempted to have the quota law com­ The SWP explained, in contrast to cies, was not, of course, a fascist gov­ into fascist groups. Father Coughlin's pletely abolished-or even revised up­ the ideas put forward by most of the ernment. In Germany, because of its Social Justice Movement, the Silver wards? This would be really practical Jewish and Zionist organizations, that weaker economic position internation­ Shirts of William Dudley Pelley, and aid to the refugees. It would be an Roosevelt and the capitalist govern­ ally, the ruling class had been forced the German-American Bund of Fritz excellent way to combat anti-Semitism ment he headed were not at all allies to crush the radicalization of the work­ Kuhn were examples of these kinds of because it would mean an educational of the Jews in any fight against anti­ ers under the blows of fascism. But organizations. campaign against race prejudice con­ Semitism. U. S. capitalism had responded Unlike in Germany, no section of ducted in the ranks of the working In fact, the Roosevelt administra­ to the radicalization with a series of the U.S. ruling class stood solidly class. tion was a hotbed of anti-Semitic of­ concessions and reforms. behind any of these fascist movements. "Organize the masses around this ficials and actions. Despite Roosevelt's These reforms helped avert thethreat This did not mean, however, that at demand for the open door and this carefully cultivated reputation as a of revolution by maintaining the some later time the capitalists might · demand will make itself felt! For the friend and benefactor of the Jews, he workers' illusions in "the democr&tic not have turned to active backing of abolition of the quota law and for the placed the handling of all problems system" and its "liberal values," de­ these groups. reestablishment of the United States as relating to the refugees from Nazi ter­ spite the terrible unemployment and In sharp contrast to the policies of a haven for political refugees! This ror in Europe in the hands of bigots brutal attacks on union organizing many Zionist and Jewish leaders of is the only real democracy -the fight who could safely be relied upon drives of the 1930s. the time, the SWP understood that quiet for the Open Door for all refugees!" not to take any meaningful action These illusions allowed the capital­ apologetics for an uncritical reliance Following the "Night of Broken to save the European Jews. ists to cloak the realities of their rule, on the New Deal was no defense Glass" pogrom in Germany, the So­ For example, Breckinridge Long, the brutality of which was so readily against the fascist danger in the U.S. cialist Appeal of Nov. 19, 1938, car­ the man Roosevelt appointed as as­ apparent in the naked dictatorship of Also, the SWP understood that the ried this front page statement by the sistant secretary of state for refugee the German and Italian fascist states. fight against fascism at home was national committee of the SWP: problems, was an early admirer of Hence, the New Deal provided a more clearly linked to the fight for the rights " ... Workers! fascist Italy, where he had served as economical form of government for of asylum for victims of fascism in "Solidarity with those who suffer at an ambassador. the capitalist rulers of the U. S. than Europe. This strategy was clearly the hands of fascism is one of the best In 1933, Long had sent a letter to the costly police state of their German spelled out in an editorial entitled ways of establishing, in this country, an unbreakable wall against the ad­ vance of American Fascism. Launch Campaign ,•. I Op•n lh• Door-.. "Unite! Join hands! l-und.. f" th~ Socialist Appeal I Tol·urop,,:., For $3,000 Fund l'n•onplo'!'ed! Rerugee,..! Socialist ~-~~~.al I ";-i£::[J "Show the. Hitlerite assassins and -~- ·------______...... --- pogromists the real position of Ameri­ 'LET US IN OR WE PERISH!' ENOUGH PIOUS TEARS: can labor by your protest meetings! "Show them that the American work­ The Main inem~ i Th•· .. , ...... , .. '"'"" ,,...... ~~~~~~o':t: 300,000 Refugees I ADMIT THE REFUGEES! ing class means it seriously when it In Latin America I / · . EVE!ITS 1811010 Demand Entry Here; CIO CONVEMTIOII '""'"""~;:·Empty Talk Fills Air"ftinll. Labor /k;,;;-,;;t;l ~ ".~:;~~:F:· Storm Consulates I'"' says that it detests Anti-Semitism and ...... -- · ' ~------~·~--- ~~:~ ~~~~:;i .,.·~.~-~7.. :·~~~:-~:.0; As Pogrom Goes On! O~t'll JJuor for Refugees • • ' I '''' · "· '' ··· "" Hypocnhcol Plans Fol H<>Ven< In Heme!~ the Anti-Semites like the plague! Plenary .Wssron of·'· (. M.ne Leader Rode' I'.·.··.·.·.· ...... ··.·.-·... ·· .. ·.: .. ·- ... :_...... Colonie" Olleo No.Heal Po•;obdo!y ;: I AdopfsProgromofAcfion R;~t~"o~ro;o 1 :::_·.-:·~.' __. .. :._·:":_;, 01 Rehel For Vootomo Of Holle, ; "Show the victims of the Fascist PartyTo~GoaredToNowTempoTo ''" """'" q, .... """''''''" , terror that you mean it seriously, by stretching out to them the hands of ~'6'"'

16 Chicanos CUNY Library Black march students employees steel for equal protest stage workers education cutbacks 'dim-out' win suit By JIM BURFEIND By MARILYN MARKUS By MIRTA VIDAL By BAXTER SMITH AUSTIN, May 2- Three thousand NEW YORK- On Wednesday, May 2, NEW YORK- In order to dramatize In December 1970, the civil rights Chicano high school students and 30 students from City College of New the effect of Nixon's decision to elim­ division of the Justice Department and their parents marched to the state capi­ York took over the administration inate federal library subsidies, librar­ several lawyers supported by the tol today loudly chanting: "Chicano building on campus in protest of the ies across the country dimmed or NAACP Legal Defense Fund filed suit Power! Equal education is a right!" financial aid cutbacks and possible turned out their lights in protest on in a federal district court against U.S. Most of the participants came from imposition of tuition throughout the May 8. Steel and the United Steelworkers of the Edgewood school district in San City University of New York (CUNY) The $148. 7-million cut from library America. They charged the defendants Antonio to demand that funding for system. funds, which are due to expire in June with maintaining racially discrimina­ school districts in Texas be equalized This demonstration was part of the of this year, will affect school and tory seniority systems at U.S. Steel's to end discrimination against Chicano struggle by CUNY students against academic libraries, as well as public Fairfield Works plant in Birmingham, school districts. The march and rally a series of recommendations from the libraries. Some libraries may even Ala. were organized by the People's Lobby Rockefeller-appointed Keppel Com­ have to be closed down. On May 2, Federal District Court for Equal Education (PLEE). mission. But most hard hit by the cuts will Judge Sam Pointer Jr. ruled that U.S. Various Chicano Democrats and The Keppel Commission proposes be special projects being conducted Steel must act to abolish this discrim­ Democratic state leaders, including to: impose a $650 tuition fee on first in the Black and Puerto Rican com­ inatory practice. Texas Governor Dolph Briscoe, ad­ and se<;ond year students and a munities. This ruling follows the Jan. 15 La­ dressed the official part of the rally. $1,000 fee on third ·and fourth year In New York, for example, the cuts bor Department order against similar Their promises to do something about students; guarantee only two years will eliminate a special program in practices at Bethlehem Steel's Sparrows the situation were met with chants of of post-secondary education for New the predominantly Puerto Rican South Point, Md., plant. Both rulings will "Action now!" and 'We want Ramsey!" York youth; set a maximum of $1,- Bronx. That program includes refer- benefit Blacks seeking to improve their (referring to Ramsey Muniz, the Raza 710 on financial aid to any student; job classifications within these steel Unida Party candidate for governor and force students to rely more on plants. Previously, 10 separate senior­ in 1972). Briscoe was repeatedly and loans, part-time jobs, or family sup­ ity systems existed at the Fairfield loudly booed. port for funds to live on while they Works plant. Demetrio Rodriguez, plaintiff in the are attending school. At both of these plants, Blacks have recent Supreme Court ruling on school The Keppel Commission proposals been assigned to the dirtiest, lowest­ funding in Texas, and other partici­ would severely curtail the right of New paying jobs. At the Birmingham plant, pants in the case explained their suit York City residents, particularly Blacks, even with comparable senior­ and said that the demonstrators were Black and Puerto Rican youth, to a ity to whites, are paid about $1,750 there to continue the fight started five college education. a year less. years earlier to have school funding The protesters demanded that col­ According to the May 3 New York in Texas equalized. lege President Marshak sign a state­ Times, Blacks "who transferred to the In Texas, school money comes from ment that he will not collect tuition white promotion lines lost their se­ county property taxes. Poor counties if it is imposed. In addition, they de­ niority and were therefore subject to Militant/John Lauritsen necessarily have lower quality schools manded: being 'bumped' in the event of lay­ than rich counties. State funds are dis­ 1) that "true" open admissions be New York library workers protest federal offs or rollbacks and sometimes lost tributed in proportion to the amount implemented, with the classes of cutbacks and inflation, May 5. a higher wage as the result of the of local money spent. This intensifies CUNY reflecting the percentage of transfer." the inequality. Third World students in the public ence materials in Spanish and books Pointer's ruling, affecting the more The Raza Unida Party repeatedly high schools of New York. on Puerto Rican history, as well as than 3,000 Blacks out of the 12,000 tried to have a speaker address the 2) that no cutbacks be made ib spe­ films, lectures, dramatic productions, workers at the plant, seeks to estab­ rally. Finally, Noe Gonzales, a super­ cial programs such as SEEK, Col­ and other materials geared to Puerto lish one seniority system. In addition, intendent of schools in Crystal City, lege Discovery, College Work-Study, Rican youth. The cuts will also affect according to the May 6 Times, he was allowed to speak. and Financial Aid. a special program in North Manhat­ "decreed that the Fairfield works must Gonzales pointed out . that the 3) that pay for student workers on tan, oriented to the Black community, hire one black apprentice for every various promises made earlier by the campus be raised from $1.85 an hour and one in Staten Island. white until at least 25 per cent of all Democrats couldn't be trusted and to $3 an hour. "It's all poor people who are get­ journeyman positions are filled by were insufficient to solve the problems 4) that open admissions and all spe­ ting it in the neck," said Lillian Lo­ blacks, one black clerk or technician anyway. He said, "In Texas, $3-million cial programs be expanded. pez, Coordinator of Special Services until 20 per cent are non-white and is spent to kill fireflies while only $2.1- After the sit-in had begun, another for the New York Public Library, in one black supervisor for every two million is spent on bilingual educa-· demand was added: that no reprisals a telephone interview with The Mil­ whites until 20 per cent of plant man­ tion." He asked, to the cheers of the be taken against students who par­ itant. These programs, she said, are agement positions are held by blacks." crowd, 'When is the Democratic Party ticipated in the action. intended to make the library more The Birmingham decision is an ad­ going to appropriate enough funds The take-over, organized by the relevant to the community. "And we vance over the Sparrows Point ruling. to stop killing Chicanos educationally Third World CUNY Coalition; lasted get calls from all over saying that Pointer's decision acknowledges the in Texas?" about 30 hours. A steady picket line these services are needed. We also need for preferential hiring and pro­ As Gonzales finished, the chants be­ was formed outside the administra­ work with Chicanos interested in ex­ motion for Blacks. However, a simple gan again: "Viva La Raza! We want tion building to show support for the changing information." one-for-one hiring of Blacks to whites Ramsey!" Former Democratic State demands of the protesters. Hundreds "The cuts," said Lopez, "mean a loss will not achieve the percentage levels Senator Joe Bernal, who was chairing of students participated in the picket of a chance for self-respect and dig­ he cites in the ruling. the rally, quickly said that the rally line and nearly 1,000 marched nity mainly for Black and Spanish­ The ruling also says nothing about was over and that buses would be around the campus in a militant sup­ speaking youth." But, she explained, back pay to those Blacks who have leaving in 10 minutes. Muniz then port demonstration. the cuts also affect the overall budget been· locked into this discriminatory walked to the abandoned speakers The college administration was re­ of libraries, some of which have al­ system up until now. This is a major stand and began talking to the crowd. luctant to forcibly remove the students ready had to cut .library hours, ser­ issue with Black workers affected by Muniz said, "Chicano Democrats, we from the building. An administration vices, and materials. 'When books are the Sparrows Point decision. are going to be on your backs every representative read a statement to the lost," said the chief librarian at the The ruling does not go into effect day! We want our rights now!" In the protesters that said the students were Hunts Point branch of the New York until Aug. 1. Until then, an "intense middle of his speech, the sound was in violation of the Henderson Act, Public Library in the Bronx, "we can't educational program" is ·to be con­ cut off and he was forced to continue which prohibits illegal occupation of afford to replace them." ducted at the Birmingham plant. The with a bullhorn. public buildings. An injunction was The May 8 nationwide protest was Sparrows Point ruling \yought a Mario Compean, state chairman of then issued ordering the protesters to called by the Chicago branch of the thunder of reaction from some racist La Raza Unida Party, spoke briefly leave, but it was not enforced. American Library Association. in Ha­ white steelworkers, as well as from · after Muniz. In an interview after he The take-over ended Thursday af­ waii, library officials who had some local union officials. spoke, Muniz said he wanted Militant ternoon, May 3, when Marshak planned to participate in the protest Apparently Pointer hopes the "educa­ readers to know that once again, the agreed to set up a meeting with all were barred from doing so by gov­ tional program" will permit peaceful rally had been a case of "the oppres­ the CUNY presidents and represen­ ernment officials. acceptance of his ruling. The program sor talking to the oppressed rather tatives of the Third World CUNY Co­ According to Lopez, most of the is to be supervised by representatives than the oppressed talking to the op­ alition, and to conduct an investiga­ 82 branches of the New York Public of the union, the company, and the pressor." He warned against inade­ tion of SEEK and review the cases Library turned out their lights at noon Black workers. quate compromises and another of 27 students recently dropped from in solidarity with the 15 Bronx chap­ "whitewash." that program. He also agreed to ex­ ters, which are most affected by the tend the Pilot Program and renew ne­ cuts. gotiations over the demand for more She said several students were study­ money foi: work-study students. ing at the Hunts Point library when Meetings on campus are continuing the lights went out, ''but when I ex­ as students map plans for more anti­ plained why, they said that we should cutback actions in the summer and be lfoing this, and more." fall.

THE MILITANT/MAY 18, 1973 17 Raza Unida Party wins Campaigning seats in Texas elections lor Socialism By NELSON BLACKSTOCK Democrat] Roy Barrera running we SAN ANTONIO, April 20- La Raza did not want to be on the ballot and Unida Party candidates won a whole be baited by having the accusation YOUNG SOCIALISTS FOR OLIVER should instead be used to immediately series of elections for city council and that there was one Mexican running HOLD SUCCESSFUL CONFER­ build enough schools and hire more school board in small towns in south against the other." ENCE: Nearly 300 people attended teachers in Houston and throughout and west Texas on April 7. The orientation of not running can­ a socialist educational weekend inNew the country. . . . Beginning teachers In Crystal City, where the first Raza didates in the larger cities was not York May 4-6, sponsored by the in Houston now earn $7,100 a year, Unida candidates won office in 1970, unanimously supported by Raza Uni­ Young Socialists for Oliver and the which doesn't go too far with today's the independent Chicano party fur­ da leaders and activists. For example, Young Socialist Alliance. prices. I am in favor of the Houston ther consolidated its hold on city gov­ Joe Castillo, vice-chairman of the Be­ Highlighting the weekend was a Teachers Association's requested $1,- ernment. With a very high turnout xar County (San Antonio) Raza Uni­ campaign rally the evening of May 100 across-the-board raise. at .the polls of 75 to 80 percent of da Party, told The Militant that while 5. The keynote speakers were Norman registered voters, Raza Unida retained he abided by the majority decision Oliver, Socialist Workers Party candi­ SOCIALIST CAMPAIGNS ON LONG total control of the city council and once it had been made (sometime af­ date for mayor of New York, and ISLAND: "Both the Democrats and increased its weight on the seven-mem­ ter the November elections), he had Peter Camejo, a leader of the SWP, Republicans represent the interests of ber school board from five to six. submitted a position paper calling for who gave an eyewitness account of the supermarket chains that are rob­ The following breakdown on other participation in the city elections. the recent elections in Argentina. bing us, the profiteers who prefer to Raza Unida showings was reported Castillo said he "felt that it would More than $2,000 was donated at close clinics instead of expand ser­ to The Militant by Jose Angel Guti­ be very hard to expose the machine the rally for the printing of cam­ vices, the big businessmen who back­ errez, a founder of the Texas party. politics without offering an alternative. paign literature, including special ma­ handedly continue the war in South­ Raza Unida won the majority on It seemed kind of awkward to stop terial on inflation for mass distribu­ east Asia," said Frank Manning, SWP the school board and city council in somebody in the street and say, 'I'm tion. candidate for Nassau County execu­ Edcouch-Elsa, two seats on the city not running a candidate for anything In the course of the co_nference, par­ tive on Long Island. council in Kyle, one city council seat but I don't want you to vote for the ticipants attended workshops on Afri­ Manning announced his campaign in Lockhart, one school board seat one who is running.'" can liberation, Zionism and anti­ May 4, saying he would challenge in Hebbronville, one city council seat Alberto Pefia III, who made a big Semitism, and Puerto Rican liberation. his Democratic and Republican op­ ip. Robstown, and two city council impact in San Antonio last fall with SWP candidate for controller, Dick ponents to debate "the real issues on Roberts, gave a talk on "National seats in Beeville. In Carrizo Springs his race for state assembly,· also had the minds of the working people of Liberation, Socialism, and Vietnam." the party won back one seat on the favored entering candidates in the San Nassau County: high prices, curtail­ ment of public services, and the bla­ city council, which it had lost in 1971, Antonio elections this spring. Pefia tant continuation of bombing in South­ and w·on back control of the city coun­ told The Militant that running in the east Asia." cil and the mayor's seat in Asherton, elections would have been the most which it had also lost in 1971. effective way for Raza Unida to main­ 16-YEAR-OLD CHALLENGES SE­ The party for the first time won tain the momentum established in ATTLE AGE REQUIREMENT: Eric control of the Marathon city council, 1972 (the party's candidate for gov­ Huffman, 16, is continuing his fight retained control of the city council ernor polled more than 200,000 votes fo1· the right to run for public office, in Anthony, which is near El Paso, -some 6 percent of the total) and even though he is "too young." and increased its seats on the school would allow the party to use the elec­ Huffman, who is a candidate for board from two to five. In La Joya tions as a forum. city council on the SWP ticket, held the party picked up three seats on .the Castillo thinks that Raza Unida's a news conference April 26, to which school board. absence from the San Antonio elec­ the high school press was especially In San Marcos, two candidates tions may have contributed to the de­ backed by Raza Unida. were elected invited. He announced that he had cision by some who backed Raza Uni­ written the city council, requesting to the school board. In Eagle Pass, da in the past to endorse Democrats agenda time to explain the discrimna­ Raza Unida backed a successful in­ this year. "As long as we don't have tory nature of laws that require candi­ cumbent who was running as an in­ Mili a candidate, there is nobody to be dates to be registered voters. City dependent, Frank Chisum, an Indian­ New York socialist conference session faithful to," he said. Council President Lien Tuai wrote Mexican. addressed by Dick Roberts, SWP candi­ While Gutierrez holds that the tactic back that while he was not opposed While Raza Unida lost control of date for controller. of not running in the city elections to young candidates, he refused to the San Juan city council, for the first proved to be successful, he admits sponsor legislation that would allow time the party won control of the San that the party's absence in these elec­ The conference closed with a speech candidates under 18 to get on the Juan-Alamo school board. tions probably led some Raza Unida by Olga Rodriguez, a national leader ballot. In a number of areas there was supporters to back Democrats. "But of the YSA, on "International Revolu­ Other speakers at the news confer­ evidence of fraudulent election proce­ that still does not discount the fact tion and American Youth." Eleven ence were Steve Bloom from the Stu­ dures as Democrats and Republicans that these people are very much in people decided to join the YSA. dents Rights and Service Center, and showed that they were willing to go error in supporting either one of these Barry Fatland of the Committee for outside the law to retain their power. animals," he said in reference to Ba­ CHICANA ENTERS HOUSTON Democratic Election Laws ( CoDEL). Raza Unida ran no candidates for rrera and his opponent Charles Beck­ As part of his campaign, Huffman office in the larger cities in Texas, er. SCHOOL BOARD RACE: Kris Vas­ quez, 23, has announced her cam­ has been touring Seattle high schools, many of which have large numbers Gutierrez made it clear that La Raza paign on the SWP ticket for Houston where his candidacy has met a good of Chicanos. According to Gutierrez, Unida Party was keeping busy in the school board. Vasquez was a found­ response. 6he reason for staying out of these wake of the elections. In addition to ing member of the Houston Mexican­ races was a lack of money. a campaign to combat legislation that American Youth Organization DIXON SPEAKS OUT AGAINST DE­ "Another consideration," he said, would more thoroughly restrict ac­ (MAYO); managing editor of Papel TROIT 'STRESS' TERROR: "Home­ "was that we saw many of the big cess to the ballot on the part of small Chicano, a local Chicano newspaper; owners seek disbanding of STRESS" parties, Raza Unida is organizing a cities embroiled in their own machine and an organizer of the July 1970 said the headline in the Detroit News, demonstration at the state capitol to fights, such as San Antonio, where Chicano Moratorium in Houston following common council hearings protest the inaction of the Democrats the machines were splitting each other against the war in Vietnam. April 30 on Mayor Roman Gribbs's apart. We did not want to detract from in the state legislature on financing In 1971, Vasquez helped build the proposed budget. The news article of public education. that three-ring circus. With (Chicano first national conference of Chicanas, went on to quote Maceo Dixon as the which took place in Houston. Former­ "SWP candidate for mayor who said r ly the director of a preschool in the Gribb s' budget will mean more police \/I barrio, Vasquez is working toward repression of Black people, a cutback a BS in education at Texas Southern in sanitation workers and more rats." University. Dixon, 23, filed as a mayoral can­ In a statement released April 26, didate on May 4. A recent successful Vasquez said: "The Houston Indepen­ court challenge of age restrictions for dent School District is one of the most candidates apparently prevented rejec­ backward and racist in the country. tion of his application, although the The recently released study on Chi­ official age requirement for Detroit cano and anglo students made by mayoral candidates is 30. The as­ the U. S. Commission on Civil Rights sistant city clerk who accepted Dixon's documents the fact that Chicano stu­ papers noted that the state "really dents are neglected throughout the ed­ has no compelling interest in holding ucational system. There is virtually these age requirements. As a matter no bilingual education available to of fact, when Michigan was just part the city's Spanish-speaking students. of the Northwest Territory, the first "Every aspect of education of Black governor was a 19-year-old general and Chicano children, from hiring and in the revolutionary army." San Antonio Raze Unida Party leader Alberto Pena Ill speaking on 'Perspectives for firing of teachers to the curriculum, Dixon, an activist in the Coalition Chicano Liberation' at World Politics in 1973 conference in Houston sponsored by from discipline to the school budget, to Abolish STRESS, is now an official Young Socialist Alliance. Seated are Kris Vasquez (left), Socialist Workers Party can­ should be controlled by the Black and candidate, pending an appeal by the didate for school board in Houston, and Maria Jimenez of the University of Houston Chicano communities. . . . city of the age requirement ruling. MAYO (Mexican American Youth Organization). "Money from Nixon's defense budget -CINDY JAQUITH

18 WHY lEW AMERICAN MOVEMENT PREFERRED BERKELEY OEMS TO SOCIALIST CANDIDATES By HARRY RING Margot Dashiell, and Peter Birdsall were 'liberal Democrats' and therefore "The development of a socialist "The New American Movement -A -were named. acceptable." movement can't be postponed indef­ Way to Overcome the Mistakes of the The radicals were given the fourth At the April Coalition nominating initely," NAM sternly warns. Past." nominee- Lenny Goldberg, a self­ convention it had been agreed by all "The promise of a radical electoral That was the title of a June 1971 described "socialist," who, curiously, the participants that endorsements coalition lies in its ability to combine manifesto calling for the formation had been a campaigner for McGovern. would be accepted only for the full a struggle for reforms with an explic­ of the New American Movement. But The shafting of the radicals within slate. But Miller's . nomination of the itly anticapitalist struggle," the bro­ thus far NAM seems to be concentrat­ the April Coalition was described in three alone was accepted. chure further explai11s, "and in its ing more on repeating the mistakes some detail in a sorrowful article pub­ "The Miller endorsement, and the ability to resist incorporation into the of the past. lished in the April issue of the NAM response to it," Judis reports, "brought Democratic Party, the traditional A case in point was NAM's sup­ publication, New AmericanMovement. a final meeting of the white leftists. graveyard of radical movements in the port to the April Coalition slate in Entitled "Socialism? In Berkeley?" For many the question was whether United States." the recent Berkeley city council race. the article describes how the radicals to run a- separate campaign as so- Conclusion? "We should vote for the In that election, a slate of moderate Democrats contested against the . April Coalition slate of liberal Demo­ crats. The moderate Democrats won three of the four vacant seats on the council and the April Coalition elected only one of its nominees. This was the culmination of a seven­ year experience in Berkeley that con­ firms in every respect what a ruinous thing it is when radicals try to ad­ vance their aims by working in the Democratic Party. The University of California Ber­ keley campus was a center of the po­ litical radicalization that developed in the early 1960s. The Berkeley Viet­ nam Day Committee, formed in 1965, played a substantial role in initiating the mass movement against the Viet­ nam war both nationally and inter­ nationally. In 1966, however, a process of po­ litical derailment was begun in Ber­ keley. A group led by Ramparts ed­ itor Robert Scheer split the Vietnam Mass antiwar protests like this one made Berkeley a center of the political radicalization. April Coalition is the inheritor of Day Committee to form the Commun­ previous efforts aimed at convincing students to work 'within the system.' ity for New Politics. The function of the CNP was to organize· support for Scheer in his bid for the Democratic wrote the platform, but this victory cialists or withdraw. . . . But Gold­ Coalition candidates because of the congressional nomination. "had an unreal quality." berg disagreed. He wanted to win. reforms which they fight for. But we While the CNP failed to win Scheer "The left," author John Judis ex­ To further isolate himself by running should criticize the general political the nomination, it did succeed in en­ plained, "proposed that Coalition mem­ a socialist campaign, he argued, would direction ofthe Coalition." rolling many campus activists in the bers see their special interests within mean defeat for himself and would The NAM position on the Berkeley Democratic Party. a long-term commitment to creating sacrifice his effectiveness as a coun­ elections is as light-minded as it is The CNP evolved into the April Co­ working-class unity and a nationwide cilman." lighthearted. alition, which reached its highpoint socialist movement. . . . Against this Declaring the Democratic Party a Recognize you're inviting people in­ in 1971 when it elected three people the Hancock people argued that the "graveyard for radical movements," to a graveyard. Advise that it's in to the Berkeley city council. This was Coalition should be 'issue-oriented' and the article then asserted, "For Berke­ order to "criticize" the gravedigger. supposed to prove that radicals could not involved in 'ideology' or 'rhet­ ley socialists the only viable alterna­ But, what the hell; throw him a vote. make gains by "working within the oric.' . . . Talking socialism would tive will be a long-term socialist co­ N AM's hypocritical ambivilance system." only lose the election." alition." toward the April Coalition was par­ But things have not gone well for In short, the radical platform for­ Therefore, the article states, "Ber­ ticularly odious in that there was an the Coalition. D' Army Bailey and Ira mally adopted by the Coalition was keley NAM decided not to be active authentic socialist alternative in the Simmons, two of the three elected by so much "rhetoric," which the leaders in the campaign." (Emphasis added.) Berkeley election. the group in 1971, began to operate intended to - and did -ignore during This is a somewhat murky formu­ The slate of the Socialist Workers totally independent of the Coalition the campaign. lation. We don't know precisely how Party offered a serious socialist cri­ almost as soon as they took office. Similarly, a nominating convention active NAM was in the campaign, tique of the April Coalition. It pre­ The third, Ilona Hancock, whilecon­ -for which the Democrats turned out but the fact is that it did continue sented a series of programmatic pro­ tinuing as a leader; of the April Co­ in force-rammed its slate down the to support and ask people to vote posals that related to the needs of alition, has increasingly made clear throats of the radicals in the Coali­ for the April Coalition's liberal Dem­ the Berkeley community and, at the her real commitment -to the liberal tion. The radicals were grouped prin­ ocratic slate. same time, promoted socialist con­ Democrats. They, and she, see the cipally around NAM and BAM ( Ber­ A NAM brochure being distributed sciousness. In short, it offered the kind radicals within the April Coalition keley Action Movement). just prior to the elections was entitled of anticapitalist choice that NAM freely merely as useful vote-getters in a com­ "The final slate left much to be de­ "The Berkeley City Elections- Social­ concedes is necessary. munity where there is widespread left­ sired," reports Judis. "Birdsall and ism in One City?" Confronted with a socialist ticket and wing sentiment. Kelley were both Democratic Party Like the previously cited article, it two Democratic Party slates, NAM As the recently held elections got workers. Neither could be expected to offers some somber truths about the chose one of the Democratic slates. under way, the Republicans and mod­ help develop a socialist movement in fate of radicals who give political sup­ It didn't even have the alibi that erate Democrats decided to borrow Berkeley. Dashiell was deemed the port to the Democratic Party. it was the only game in town. from the Coalition bag of tricks. least radical of the Blacks and Gold­ The brochure explains: "One role They organized a joint Civic Unity berg was the least socialist of the white of the Democratic Party is to absorb slate and nominated four moderate left." radical movements within a party Democrats- The Berkeley Four-for · After the ticket was selected, the committed to preserving capitalist eco­ the council. NAM article continued, "BAM and nomic and political institutions." (The Faced with this united opposition, N AM had little effect on the rightward reference, however, is not to the Ap­ the liberal Democrats who control the drift of the coalition." ril Coalition but to the Berkeley· Four April Coalition decided to shift to the In fact it had little effect even on slate.) · right. They assumed- quite correctly its own representative on the slate, But, as "socialist" critics, the NAM -that the radicals in the Coalition Lenny Goldberg. brochure hastens to add: "So far [!] might kick and holler a bit but would From the outset, a major preoccu­ the Coalition and its candidates have go along. pation of the Coalition leadership was not posed a radical alternative to the The radicals were permitted to con­ to win endorsements from leading Berkeley Four. The candidates have duct an April Coalition platform con­ Democrats. One Democrat, State As­ deemphasized or ignored the anti­ :$ I vention that approved an anticapital­ semblyman John Miller, endorsed all capitalist positions stated in the Co­ ist statement. But when it came time the Coalition candidates except Gold­ alition platform, and have moved to­ .. ] i;ii,,.,,.J, to select candidates, the Democratic berg. He explained, according to the ward the perspective of individuals machjne took over. NAM article, "that Goldberg was a and groups ... who are aligned with 1973 April Coalition slate for Berkeley Three Democrats- Ying Lee Kelley, 'radical ideologue' while the others the Democratic Party." city council.

THE MILITANT/MAY 18, 1973 19 In Review

Conflicts Marx on of Cuban Civil War Karl Marx on America and the revolution Civil War. Edited, with an intro­ Memories of Underdevelopment. duction, by Saul K. Padover. Mc­ Directed by Tomas Gutierrez Graw-Hill Book Company. New A/ea. Produced by lnstituto York, 1972. 298 pp. Cloth $10, Cubano del Arte e Industria Cine­ paper $3.50. matograficos. 1968. Distributed in In this book, the second volume in the U.S. by Tricontinental Film McGraw-Hill's Karl Marx Library ser­ Center. English subtitles. ies, Saul Padover has collected letters and articles by Marx dealing with the Tomas Gutierrez Alea is one of Cuba's United States. finest film directors. He directed the Although the material ranges from first feature film on the Cuban revo­ 1846 through 1881, most of the book lution in 1960, called Stories of the consists of articles written for Horace Revolution. His best-known films in­ Greeley's New York Daily Tribune clude Death of a Bureaucrat and and the Vienna Die Presse during the Twelve Chairs. His latest film, Mem­ first part of the Civil War, in 1861 ories of Underdevelopment, won the and 1862. International Federation of Film Crit­ Marx recognized the Civil War as ics Award and the International Fed­ a fundamental social revolution; a eration of Film Societies Award. struggle between two classes over This film is about the loneliness and which would rule the U.S. However isolation of Sergio, a man unable to timid and conservative the leaders of identify with the Cuban revolution in Militant/Mark Satinoff the Northern bourgeoisie appeared, the early 1960s. Unprepared for the he was completely confident that the moment when his country made the historic break from the past, he was not able to assume the risks and Harrisburg 7 difficulties a revolution implies. Books The Harrisburg 7 and the New Catholic Left by William Sergio is incapable of choosing O'Rourke. Thomas Y. Crowell Company. New York, 1972. war's outcome would be the destruc­ 264 pp. $6. 95. tion of the slave system. Prior to the Civil War, many Amer­ Film It is perhaps inevitable, given the history encapsulated in political ican socialists and trade unionists trials of recent years, that one's involvement with them reaches failed to appreciate the importance of sides. A young woman w:ith whom he heights previously reserved for the best theater or film. Simply, the struggle against slavery. Their ex­ is having an affair asks him, "Are the dramatic tension of whaf becomes "us" (Angela Davis, Daniel clusive concern with "wage slavery" you a revolutionary?" Sergio asks in Berrigan, or Daniel Ellsberg) is too great to take in as easily as in the North led them, in many cases, return, "What do you think?" morning coffee. We root passionately; we hate the slick-haired state's into the slaveowner-controlled Demo­ "I think you're neither a revolution­ men; we love the eloquent attorneys for the defense. cratic Party. ary nor a counterrevolutionary," she Dramatically, the 1972 trial of the Harrisburg 7 -for conspiracy Marx fought this tendency in the replies. "Then what am I?" asks Ser­ to kidnap Henry Kissinger and blow up heating tunnels in Wash­ years before and during the Civil War, gio. The young woman states very ington- resembled black comedy, low, mean, and absurd. It was because he knew that the elimination simply, "You are nothing." spun not quite of whole cloth from the rotting brain of J. Edgar of slavery was necessary before there The film is also about underdevel­ Hoover in search of money for the FBI. But the staid Harrisburg could be even a chance for success­ opment. It's a recognition that the jury convicted Father Philip Berrigan and Sister Elizabeth McAl­ ful struggles by American workers. dreams of many to transform Cuba lister only of smuggling letters in and out of a federal prison in Padover' s introduction is genreally overnight into an isle of paradise had Pennsylvania. useful. But his liberal bias leads him to face the stark reality of Cuba be­ William 0' Rourke's journalistic account of the trial of the seven to exaggerate a chance speculation ing a backward, poor, and small is a somewhat cynical, half-amused, half-appalled account of the country. Sergio wonders, "How do you get rid of underdevelopment? It touches everything, everything." But as filmmaker Alea comments Books in his working notes for the picture, "underdevelopment is not everything." trial and its setting. 0' Rourke has a good sense of drama, and There is also "the other side (the pos­ of the absurd. itive, vital one) of our reality: the The book concentrates on describing the month-long jury selec­ revolution. Both constitute the basic tion, seen by defense attorneys as a crucial part of the trial; the premises of our personality, our future, examination and cross-examination of the FBI's informant Boyd and our actions." F. Douglas Jr.; and on the various meetings and protests organized Besides presenting some of the con­ by the Harrisburg 7 Defense Committee. tradictions that arise in a revolution­ Douglas is finely drawn in 0' Rourke's book as a repulsive, ary country with the heritage of co­ fascinating character, stupid, vain, money-grubbing. He was out lonial exploitation, the film also shows to rook the antiwar movement, the FBI, anyone, it seems, of any­ insp1rmg scenes of postrevolution thing. He passed himself off to Berrigan and others as a demo­ Cuba: revolutionary posters and bill­ litions expert. The outcome of the trial rested ultimately on whether the government could persuade the jury that its witness was a cred­ boards; the mass mobilization in re­ Karl Marx sponse to the 1962 missle crisis; scenes ible and sincere informant. The last-minute strategy of the defense of solidarity with the Vietnamese rev­ was to present no defense witnesses whatsoever, relying on its cross­ olution; and Fidel Castro speaking. examination of Douglas to destroy his testimony and character Marx once made about the possibility To obtain this and other Cuban in the eyes of the jury. of the American workers taking power films, contact Tricontinental Film Cen­ Leonard Boudin, the final defense attorney to cross-examine through electoral means. This quote, ter at 244 W. 27 St., New York, N.Y. Douglas, read to the jury Douglas's 1967 parole report: "The de­ together with some other out-of-context 10001. -LINDAJENNESS fendant has thus far made poor social adjustment. . . . He has references, could leave the reader with maintained himself with bad checks and certainly has many at­ the false impression that Marx had tributes of a confidence man." abandoned his revolutionary per­ The jury, by its verdict, concurred. spective. 0' Rourke is not altogether comfortable around the Harrisburg The articles in this book demonstrate 7 Defense Committee people. He does not describe the defendants Marx's extraordinary ability to apply nearly as well as he does Boyd, or the defense attorneys. In par­ his analytic method to current events ticular, it is irking to the sympathetic reader to realize how con­ for a popular audience. They also cerned 0' Rourke is with Fania Jordan's bralessness and Elizabeth provide a graphic description of the McAlister's girdle. unfolding of the Second American 0' Rourke has a good feeling, however, for dramatic highlights; Revolution that any student of U. S. through the book one can "enjoy" the trial over again, the bold history will find a welcome contrast defense, and the final satisfying defeat of that miserable, self-serving to the drivel served up in today' s dragon, J. Edgar Hoover. -STACEY JOSLIN textbooks. -ROBERT HIMMEL

20 Dick GreQQrY. say.§, ~BUY- The Militant' Rennie and the 15-yr-old Guru Detroit sets sales record of 956 "I'm still in the movement," Rennie Davis declared By NANCY COLE Oakland/Berkeley area again surpassed its quota, at a recent appearance here in New York. "Now MAY 9- More Detroiters were introduced to The selling 513. Of that 'total, 51 were sold at plant I'm in the movement that's going to win." , Militant last week than in any week in recent years, gates, most of those at early morning sales. Davis's new "movement" is a highly organized with record-breaking sales of 956 copies. Mem­ At a recent meeting in San Diego, the speaker campaign to recruit disillusioned radicals into the bers of the Young Socialist Alliance and Socialist made a comment that is one indication that The fold of "the one Perfect Master on earth at this Workers Party there launched a week-long cam­ Militant is really getting around. The speaker was time": the mustachioed (his followers claim he is paign to build participation in the May 5 price Dick Gregory, and at the conclusion of his talk 15 years old) Indian spiritual leader, Guru Ma­ protest by_ leafletting and circulating The Militant he pointed out two papers being sold there- Mu­ haraj Ji. Davis is currently working as the Guru's -and to break their previous sales record of 920. hammad Speaks and The Militant- and recom­ advance man on the campus circuit. The week's sales efforts included five or six sales mended that people buy both. "In fact," he added, Despite his new calling, Davis is perhaps better teams dispatched from the forum hall daily, early "you should buy subscriptions." known as a founding member of Students for Saturday morning teams to the Black community, a Democratic Society, a defendant in the Chicago and Sunday teams to campus dormitories. Seven conspiracy case, and a principal organizer AREA SOLD WEEKLY SOLD Throughout the week, 616 Militants were sold of the Mayday antiwar demonstrations in Wash­ LAST GOAL PREVIOUS at supermarkets and shopping areas in the Black ington, D. C., two years ago. WEEK % WEEK It all began, Davis says, on a plane trip to community, and a number of those were to super­ Detroit 956 350 273 (160) market employees. SWP sales director Sandy Knoll Paris on the eve of the Vietnam cease-fir~ nego­ A~a~a 356 300 119 (339) tiations. He was scheduled to meet with the North reports that people who knew The Militant from San Diego 280 250 112 (265) previous sales or who responded favorably to Vietnamese negotiators, but the meeting never took Oakland/Berkeley 513 500 103 (618) place. Instead, he accepted a free ticket to India its coverage of the anti-STRESS campaign and 405 Upper West Side 400 101 (353) from friends and went to look up the 15-year­ price protests would greet or leave salespeople Cleveland 250 250 100 (315) old Guru. with "See you at the May 5 demonstration." Elyria 10 10 100 ( 10) Eight days later he emerged a convert, ready "And," Knoll continued, "we saw many of them Nashville 40 40 100 ( 25) to go out and recruit his former associates and there!" Providence 20 20 100 ( * ) anyone else willing to listen. The pitch seems to High salespeople for the week were Kirk Fowler, lower Manhattan 377 400 9'4 (41 0) who sold 90, and Maceo Dixon, 69. However, Houston 450 500 90 (350) 42 supporters participated in the campaign, half Seattle 220 250 88 (225) of them selling every day and the others selling Washington, D.C. 212 250 85 (246) American Way of Life two or three times during the week. Chicago 421 500 84 (348) As a result of last week's sales activities, Mil­ los Angeles 368 450 82 (405) be that if you've decided that sit-ins, demonstra­ itant salespeople in Detroit are more confident Austin 150 200 75 (147) tions, or George McGovern weren't the answer, than ever, according to Knoll, and excited about Mt. Pleasant 15 20 75 ( * ) why not check out the Guru's perfect knowledge? selling their quota for the duration of the sales Portsmouth 30 40 75 ( * ) What have you got to lose? campaign. For other areas, Knoll suggests sim­ Boston 359 500 72 (333) Davis now travels from coast to coast drumming ilar local campaigns: "If a political event is hap­ Philadelphia 186 275 68 (198) up publicity for the Guru. So far, he seems to pening or an action is scheduled, go on a local Portland 110 200 55 (165) have had a rough time. Most of his friends, he sales campaign and get in the habit of ordering Twin Cities 180 350 51 (284) told a reporter, "figure either I've lost my marbles a huge bundle periodically." San Francisco 240 500 48 (230) or that I'm working for the CIA." The Militant's campaign to reach 7,000 street Tallahassee 23 50 46 ( * ) In Berkeley he was hooted off the stage. Hecklers sales has only three weeks to go. In the spirit College Park 22 50 44 ( 25) in Washington, D. C., repeatedly drowned him out. of winding up the campaign with enthusiasm and Brooklyn 139 325 43 (239) And in New York, at a session this reporter at­ record sales, Ben Harris from Nashville, who last Denver 75 225 33 (135) tended, the audience of about 1,000 included 30 week raised his quota to 40 and made that, entered TOTAL SOLO LAST WEEK 6,407 or 40 highly vocal Yippies and Zippies. Armed the following challenge this week: "I would like GOAL 7,000 with eggs, tomatoes, and cherry pies, they came to challenge any other at-large member of the (*no report) to tell Rennie they weren't about to follow him Young Socialist Alliance to a one-to-one Militant on his latest trip. selling match." I WANT TO TAKE A SALES QUOTA OF__ _ Chants of "Out Now!" and "Free Rennie Davis!" To reach our national goal, all areas will now ------punctuated each attempt he made to speak. A have to concentrate their efforts on making or Please send me a weekly bundle of (12.5 cents/ volley of eggs and tomatoes splashed against the exceeding their quotas. Lower Manhattan has set copy, payable after you sell them): 5 10 25 Guru's life-size portrait and the red-velvet throne the pace by pledging to raise their goal again, Other it sat on. "You've got capitalist money in your pockets, this time in two stages- from 400 to 450 for Name ______one week and then to 500 for the final weeks. Rennie," shouted one Yippie as he heaved a cherry Address ______Cleveland supporters also raised their goal from pie. 250 to 300. City State-----Zip------"That's Marjoe, Rennie! That's Marjoe," shouted After the record sales reported last week, the 14 Charles Lane, New York, N.Y. 10014 another during a 20-minute color film highlighting the Guru's career. "You've flipped out, haven't you." During a scene in the film in which an aged pilgrim greets the young master, someone yelled YSA chapter set up in San Jose out in disbelief: "They're kissing his feet, Rennie. By DELPFINE WELCH their eight weeks on the road, contributions are Even Nixon doesn't make us do that!" A new chapter of the Young Socialist Alliance still needed to pay such expenses as telephone Despite the interruptions, however, Davis did has been set up in San Jose, Calif. That makes bills and the printing costs of the literature the get a chance to outline part of his new philosophy. seven new chapters of the YSA formed through teams distributed. Last week a supporter from "The whole world is a product of consciousness," the work of the 12 Young Socialist Teams. To Alabama sent in $500 to bring the total received he explained. "It's our ideas that generate a world date, the teams have signed up 74 new members by the Young Socialist Teams Fund to $7,535. where there's bombs, We must tune our bodies of the YSA. Please send in your contribution today. into the infinite field of consciousness. Ten of the teams have now completed their eight­ "This will end the_ bombing of Cambodia and YOUNG week campus tours. The Twin Cities and Chicago everything else we suffer," he promised. "It will MILITANT SOCIALIST replace capitalist society with a system of perfect teams each have one week left to go. TEAM SOLD WEEKLY SOLD WEEKLY peace.... All the teams found that the May issue of the LAST GOAL LAST GOAL Young Socialist, featuring African Liberation Day WEEK WEEK "The only revolution is spiritual revolution," the on the cover, is selling well, especially to Black Denver 202 200 228 200 former Mayday activist concluded. "Everything else students. The Black Affairs Council at Illinois Twin Cities 191 150 215 150 is only bullets." -MICHAEL BAUMANN State University in Normal asked the Chicago Cleveland-Detroit 204 200 200 200 team if they ·could order a bundle of 100 YSs New York 151 150 151 150 to use in building support for African Liberation Atlanta 132 150 144 200 Day there. Boston 145 200 176 200 The Chicago team not only found the YS going Chicago 202 200 104 - 200 fast, but also reported that the International So­ Seattle-Portland 96 150 121 150 cialist Review was well received among women TOTAL 1,323 1,450 1,339 1,450 students at ISU. At a debate over the Equal Rights Ame-ndment between Betty Friedan, founder of the National Organization for Women, and Phyllis ------Schlafly of STOP ERA, the team sold 4 7 of the March and April issues of the ISR, which featured $0 $7,535 $8,000 articles on abortion and the ERA. In their last week on the road the Los Angeles­ ( ) I can contribute $ to the $8,000 YS Teams San Diego team signed up three students at San Fund. Bernardino Valley College as YSA members. They Name------also held a meeting of 20 in the MECHA head­ Address------quarters there on "Strategy for Revolution in the City------State Zip _____ The Guru, earlier in his career. Key tenet in faith is U.S." YS Teams Fund, Box 471 Cooper Station, New Yor~, to 'give all your love, your lives, and your possessions Although most of the teams have returned from N.Y. 10003. to Guru Maharaj Ji.'

THE MILITANT/MAY 18, 1973 21 SAN FRANCISCO above a starvation income. tions is what discourages future vot­ WORLD IN REVOLT- A SOCIALIST EDUCATIONAL Although the gold boom has ing, not lack of inter-est in what is CONFERENCE. May 18-19. 1519 Mission. Fri., May brought profits to the owners and tax happening in the schools," Chertov 18, 8 p.m.: Dynamics of the African hvolution. Speak­ er: Tony Thomas, stall writer lor The Militant; Sat., money to the treasury, the average submitted for the record. May 19, 10 a.m.: The Mideast ConRict: A Debate: Black miner has little to celebrate. The hearings were sponsored by the Calendar 1 p.m.: The Future of the Women's Movement; 3 p.m.: The Chamber of Mines recently upped Committee for Democratic -Election QOSTON Why America Needs Socialism. Followed by dinner the wages of Black miners. Now Laws in cooperation with the New and party. Donation lor entire conference: S3.SO. For THE WATERGATE SCANDAL: NIXON IS THE ONE. they're paid $10 a week instead of York Civil Liberties Union, Puerto A panel discussion with John Businger, Democratic more information call (41S) 864-9174 or (41S) 642- state representative; Joe Pilati, stall writer, Baston 18SI. $7.50. But this still falls far below Rican Legal Defense and Education Globe; Jon Olmsted, Socialist Workers Party candi­ the government's "poverty datum line" Fund, National Conference of Black date for Cambridge school committee. Fri., May 18, SOUTHERN CA~IFORNIA of $100 a month for a family of five. Lawyers, National Emergency Civil THE SWP ON THE AIR. Listen to Theodore Edwards, 8 p.m. 655 Atlantic Ave. (opp. South Sta.). Donation: (This "poverty datum line" is widely Liberties Committee, and Community $1, h.s. students SOc. Ausp: Militant Labor Forum. For spokesman for the Socialist Workers Party, on his more information call(617) 482-80SO. weekly radio program, 2 p.m. every Saturday, KPFK­ recognized as the minimum income Action for Legal Services. FM, 90.7. level to avoid starvation. ) On the oth­ According to Judy Baumann, CHICAGO er hand, some white miners with less CoDEL national secretary, the testi­ THE WAR AIN'T OVER! WHO CAN STOP IT? Forum experience than the Blacks they super­ mony may be used as the basis for sponsored by Veterans for Peace. Fri., May 18, 7:30 p.m. Walnut Room, Midland Hotel, 172 W. Adams. vise are paid up to $260 a week. a lawsuit against the irregularities if Donation: Sl. Speakers: Vets lor Peace, Chicago Area ... Wgate Close to 80 percent of the Black a suit already in the courts does not Military Project. miners are imported on a contract result in the invalidation of the elec­ Continued from page 4 basis from surrounding Mrican coun­ tion results. LOS ANGELES the "whole truth." In other words, most tries, such as Mozambique and Bot­ The large turnout at the hearings, SOCIALIST EDUCATIONAL WEEKEND. At UCLA, Social people in this country think Nixon is Welfare Bldg., Room 121. Fri., May 18, 8 p.m. Debate; swana. This is due to the reluctance which were organized in only four Meaning of the Vietnam Peace Treaty, Fred Halstead a liar, as well as a crook. And 58 of South African Blacks to work in days, and the anger displayed there, and Robert Scheer. Sat., May 19, noon: Dick Roberts: percent saw little difference with re­ the mines for starvation wages, indicates that the results of this elec­ lnRation Epidemic: World Crisis of Imperialism; 3 spect to corruption between the Nixon coupled with the general shortage of tion will resound in the Lower East p.m.: Linda Jenness: Four More Years of Nixon: Why administration and others over the We Need Socialism; 8:30 p.m.: Party. Donation: Sl labor in South Africa. Side for some time to come. per session; h.s. students SOc. For more information last 25 years! This is a sign of the The boom hasn't changed the con­ call(213) 463-1917 or (213) 463-1966. fundamental change that has taken ditions faced by the more than 400,- place in the way the masses of peo­ 000 Black miners. In the last 30 NEWYORK:-LOWER MANHATTAN ple look at the government. years, almost 20,000 miners died as RICHARD M. NIXON- FROM "CHECKERS' TO WATER­ Despite a presidential address and a ... Indian GATE. Speaker: Peter Seidman, stall writer lor The a result of mine accidents. Ninety-~ree Continued from page 24 Militant. Fri., Moy 18, 8 p.m. 706 Broadway (near drastic government shakeup, Nixon percent of them were Black. · · 4th St.), Eighth Floor. Donation: Sl, h.s. students SOc. has not yet gotten theW atergate crisis On May 26 (Mrican Liberation lowed to choose their own form of Ausp: Lower Manhattan Militant Forum. For more under control. This is partly because government. information call (212) 982-60SI. Day), Mro-Americans will be march­ the radicalization produced in the U.S. ing to protest the oppression of our A petition circulated in early March, by the Vietnam war, by spiraling in­ which gained the required number of PHILADELPHIA brothers and sisters in South Africa flation and unemployment, and by PHILADELPHIA SOCIALIST FORUMS presents a weekly and against U. S. support for the Pre­ signatures, called for a vote to revoke forum each Friday at 8 p.m. at the University of Penn­ racist and sexist oppression, fosters toria government. the tribal government system. This sylvania's Houston Hall, 3417 Spruce St., Second Floor. a deep suspicion of tp.e policies of the system was imposed on Indians all government and the capitalist class. over the country in 1934. The petition PORRAND THE MILITANT FORUM presents weekly forums on Scandals like Watergate, coming in would automatically remove tribal Friday evenings at 7:30p.m. Some of the topics cover­ the midst of the radicalization, serve chief Richard Wilson and his council ed are: the struggles of women, Blacks, Chicanos, to convince more and more people ... N.Y. from office. and Native Americans for liberation; the trade-union that the gang of Republican and Dem­ Continued from page 15 To date, this simple democratic pro­ movement; and the struggles in other countries. 208 ocratic thieves and liars that governs S.W. Storie, Room 501. Donation: Sl, h.s. students and this a democracy that this should go cedure, which requires only the imple­ unemployed SOc. For more information caii(S03) 226- this country is unfit to rule. on?" she asked. mentation of already existing regula­ 271S. "This was not an election," echoed tions, has been blocked by Wilson many of the witnesses, calling for a and the U.S. government. SAN DIEGO new "and honest" election. SOCIALIST PERSPECTIVES FOR '73-AN ACTIVISTS' CONFERENCE. Fri., Moy 18, B p.m.: Dollar Crisis: Eva Chertov, Socialist Workers Par­ Rising Prices and I nftation. Speaker: Dick Roberts, asso­ ...gold ty candidate for city council from the Genocide Against ciate editor of International Soci'!lisl Review. Sat., Continued from page 12 Lower East Side, testified that as May 19, 1 p.m.: Vietnam and World Revolution. in South Africa, even reaching the a poll watcher for the commuhity­ the Indians Speaker: Harry Ring, Southwest Bureau, The Militant; 3:30 p.m.: slide show: women's struggle lor the right halls of parliament. At least one dem­ control slate she saw many mothers by George Novack to abortion and to control their bodies; 8 p.m.: Four onstration of 3,000 in Johannesburg with their children being sent from More Years of Nixon: Why We Need Socialism. Speak­ protested the students' treatment. polling place to polling place by in­ $.60 er: Linda Jenness, 1972 Socialist Workers Party presi­ Superseding all of this has been a spectors who told them they could dential candidate. San Diego State University, Aztec PATHFINDER PRESS, 410 West Center. Donation: S3, $] per session, half price lor h.s. wave of militant strikes by Black not find their names on any lists. St., New York, N.Y. 10014. students. Sponsored by Young Socialist Alliance. workers pressing for wage hikes "The fraudulent way of handling elec- Socialist Directory ALABAMA: Tuscaloosa: YSA, P.O. Box S462, University, Ala. 3S486. layette, La. 70S01. University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43402. ARIZONA: Phoenix: c/o Steve Shliveck, P.O. Box 890, Temre Ariz. Lake Charles: YSA, c/o Cathy Harrison, P. 0. Box 16, MSU, lake Cincinnati: YSA, c/o C. R. Mitts, P. 0. Box 32084, Cincinnati, Ohio 4S232. 8S281. Charles, La. 70601. Tel: (S13)242-6132. CALIFORNIA: Berkeley-Oalcland: SWP and YSA, 3S36 Telegraph Ave., MARYLAND: Baltimore: YSA, c/o Dave McKim, 2103 Belair Rd., Balti­ Cleveland: SWP and YSA, 4420 Superior Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44103. Oakland, Calif. 94609. Tel: (41S)6S4-972B. more, Md. 21213. Tel: (301)732-8996. Tel: SWP-(216)391-SSS3, YSA-(216)391-3278. Chico: YSA, c/o Kathy Isabell, 266 E. Sacramento Ave., Chico, Calif. College Parle YSA, University P. 0. Box 73, U of Md., College Park, Columbus: YSA, c/o Daryl Drobnick, lSI 0 Georgesville Rd., Colum­ 9S926. Md. 20742. bus, Ohio 43228. Los Angeles: SWP and YSA, 1107 1/2 N. Western Ave., los Angeles, MASSACHUSETTS: Amherst: YSA, R. S. 0. Box 324, U of Ma,s., Amherst, Toledo: YSA, c/o Shannon O'Toole, 1606 Freeman St., •2, To!edo, Ohio Calif. 90029. Tel: SWP-(213)463-1917, YSA-(2l3)463-1966. Mass. 01002. 43606. Tel: (419) 47_2-2592. Riverside: YSA, c/o Univ. of Calif. at Riverside, 1134 Library South, Boston: SWP and YSA, c/o Militant labor Forum, 65S Atlantic Ave., Yellow Springs: YSA, Antioch College Union, Yellow Springs, Ohio Riverside, Calif. 92502. Third Floor, Boston, Mass. 02111. Tel: SWP-(617) 482-80SO, YSA­ 4S387. Sacramento: YSA, c/o Darren Crown, 2321 "E" St., Sacramento, Calif. (617) 482-80Sl; Issues and Activists Speaker's Bureau (IASB) andRe­ OREGON: Eugene: YSA, c/o Dave Hough, 12161/2 lincoln, Eugene, 9S816. gional Committee-(617) 482-80S2; Pathfinder Books-(617) 338-8S60. Ore. 97401. San Diego: SWP, YSA, and Militant Bookstore, 463S El Cajon Blvd., MICHIGAN: Detroit: SWP, YSA, Eugene V. Debs Hall, 3737 Woodward Portland: SWP and YSA, 208 S. W. Stark, Filth Floor, Portland, Ore. San Diego, Calif. 9211S. Tel: (714)280-1292. Ave., Detroit, Mich. 48201. Tel: (313) TE1-613S. 97204. Tel: (S03)226-271S. San Francisco: SWP, YSA, Militant labor Forum, and Militant Books, East Lansing: YSA, Second Floor Offices, Union Bldg. Michigan State PENNSYLVANIA: Edinboro: YSA, "Edinboro Stole College, Edinboro, ISI9 Mission St., San Francisco, Calif. 94103. Tel: (41S) B64-9174. University, East lansing, Mich. 48823. Pa. 16412. San Jose: YSA, c/o Chico Aldape, S43 S. 9th, *S, San Jose, Calif. MI. Pleasant: YSA, P. 0. Box 98, Warriner Hall, CMU, MI. Pleasant, Philadelphia: SWP and YSA, I 004 Filbert St. (one block north of Mar­ 9SII2. Tel: (408)286-8492. Mich. 488S8. ket), Philadelphia, Pa. 19107. Tel: (21S) Wj\.5-4316. San Mateo: YSA, c/o Chris Stanley, 1712 Yorktown Rd., San Mateo, MINNESOTA: Minneapolis-St. Paul: SWP, YSA, and labor Bookstore, RHODE ISLAND: Providence: YSA, P.O. Box 117, Annex Sta., Provi­ Calif. 97330. 1 University N. E. (at E. Hennepin) Second Floor, Mpls. SS413. Tel: (612) dence, R.I. 02901. Militant Bookstore: 88 Benevolent St. Tel: (401) 331- Santa Barbara: YSA, c/o Carolyn Marsden, 413 Shasta ln., Santa 332-7781. ,1480. Barbara, Calif. 93101. MISSOURI: Kansas City: YSA, c/o Student Activities Office, U of Mi .. SOUTH DAKOTA: Sioux Falls: YSA, c/o Deb Rogers, Box 16S8, Au­ COLORADO: Boulder: YSA, c/o UMC Hostess Desk, U of Colorado, souri at Kansas City, SlOO Rockhill Road, Kansas City, Mo. 64110. gustana College, Sioux Falls, S. Oak. S71 02. Boulder, Colo. 80302. St. Louis: YSA, P.O. Box 8037, St. louis, Mo. 631S6. Tel: (314) 371- TENNESSEE: Nashville: YSA, 1214 17th Ave. S., Nashville, Tenn. ·Denve_r: SWP, YSA, and Militant Bookstore, 1203 California, Denver, 1S03. 37212. Tel: (61S)292-8827. Colo. 80204. Tel: (303) 623-2825. Bookstore open Mon.-Sat., 10:30 a.m. NEW HAMPSHIRE: Portsmouth: YSA, P. 0. Box 479, Durham, N.H. TEXAS: Austin: YSA, SWP, Militant Bookstore, Harriet Tubman Hall, -7 p.m. 03824. 1801 Nueces, Austin, Texas 78701. Tel: (S12) 478-8602. CONNECTICUT: Hartford: YSA, P. 0. Box 1184, Hartford, Conn. 06101. NEW JERSEY: New Brunswick: YSA, c/o Ruben Montare, livingslo(l Houston: SV/P, YSA, and Pathfinder Books, 3311 Montrose, Houston, Tel: (203) S23-7S82. College, Room 313, New Brunswick, N.J. 10119. Tel: (201)463-9766. Texes 77006. Tel. (713) S26-1 082. New Haven: YSA, P. 0. Box 18S, New Haven, Conn. 06SO I. NEW MEXICO: Albuquerque: YSA, c/o Kathy Helmer, 9920 Leyen­ San Antonio: YSA, c/o P. 0. Box 774, San.Antonio, Texas 78202. Storrs: YSA, U of Conn., P. 0. Box 344, Storrs, Conn. 06268. decker Rd. N. E., Albuquerque, N.M. 87112. Tel: (SOS) 296-6230. UTAH: Logan: YSA, P. 0. Box 1233, Utah State University, logan, Utah FLORIDA: Tallahassee: YSA, c/o Sarah Ryan, 1806 lake Bradford Rd., NEW YORK: Albany: YSA, c/o laura Grunberg, Box 2179, Mohican 84321. Tallahassee, Fla. 32304. Hall, Indian Quad 1400, Washington Ave. SUNY, Albany, N.Y. 12203 Salt Lake City: YSA, Student Activities Center, University of Utah, Salt GEORGIA: Atlanta: Militant Bookstore, 68 Peachtree St. N. E., Third Binghamton: YSA, Box 1073, Harpur College, Binghamton, N.Y. 13901. lake City, Utah 84112. Floor, Atlanta, Ga. 30303. SWP and YSA, P.O. Box 846, Atlanta, Ga. Tel: (607)798-4142. VERMONT: Burlington: YSA, c/o John Franco, 241 Malletts Bay Ave., 30301. Tel: (404)S23-061 0. Broolclyn: SWP and YSA, 136 lawrence St. (at Willoughby), Brooklyn, Winooski, Vt. OS404. ILLINOIS: Carbondale: YSA, c/o lawrence Roth/Mark Harris, SOS S. N.Y. 11201. Tel: (212)S96-2849. WASHINGTON, D.C.: SWP and YSA, 746 9th St. N. W., Second Floor, Graham, *341, Carbondale, Ill. 62901. Long Island: YSA, P.O. Box 3S7, Roosevelt, l.l., N.Y. IIS7S. Tel: (S16) Wash., D. C. 20001. Tel: (202)783-2363. Chicago: SWP, YSA, and bookstore, 180 N. Wacker Dr., Room 310, FR9-0289. WASHINGTON: Pullman: YSA, c/o Dean W. Johnson, 1718 A St., Chicago, Ill. 60606. Tel: SWP-(312) 641-0147, YSA-(312) 641-0233. New York City-City-wide SWP and YSA, 706 Broadway (4th St.), Pullman, Wash. 99163. INDIANA: Bloomington: YSA, c/o Student Adivities Desk, Indiana Uni­ Eighth Floor, New York, N.Y. 10003. Tel: (212)982-8214. Seattle: SWP, YSA, and Militant Bookstore, S257 University Way N. E., versity, Bloomington, Ind. 47401. Lower Manhattan: SWP, YSA, and Merit Bookstore, 706 Broadway Seattle, Wash. 9810S. Hrs. 11 a.m.-8 p.m., Mon.-Sat. Tel: (206)S23- IOWA: Cedar Falls: YSA, c/o Mark Jacobsen, 2310 College St. Apt. B, (4th St.), Eighth Floor, New York, N.Y. 10003. Tel: SWP, YSA-(212) 982- 2SSS. Cedar Falls, lowaS0613. Tel: (319)277-2S44. 60S1; Merit Books-(212)982-S940. WEST VIRGINIA: Huntington: YSA, Marshall University, Huntington, KENTUCKY: Lexington: YSA, P. 0. Box 9S2, University Station, lexing­ Upper West Side: SWP and YSA, 2744 Broadway (106th St.), New W. Va. 25701. ton, Ky. 40S06. York, N.Y. 10025. Tel: (212)663-3000. WISCONSIN: Madison: YSA, c/o James levitt, 411 W. Gorham St., LOUISIANA: LafoyeHe: YSA, c/o Cliff Schlicher, 216 Spring St., La- OHIO: Bawling Green: YSA, Box 27, U. Hall, Bowling Green State Madison, Wis. S3703. Tel: (608) 257-283S.

22 in.theMay International Socialist Review • ID In 1925, Trotsky wrote Where Is Britain Going?, depicting the declining position of British imperialism and forecasting escalating class conflict in England. A sharp polemic against the Fabian so­ cialist and reformist leadership of the British Labour Party, the also: volume created an international controversy and was denounced Ralph Nader's Consumer Populism/The Real Welfare by such figures as J. Ramsay MacDonald and Bertrand Russell. Trotsky's predictions were borne out in the subsequent British gen­ Scandal/A Reply to the Kremlin's Attacks on Trotskyism/ eral strike of 1926 and its betrayal by the trade union leadership. African Liberation Day · His analysis of the Anglo-Russian Trade Union Unity Committee and the problems of the British Communist Party became a touch­ Subscribe. 3 months$1 I 1year$5 stone of the Stalin-Trotsky conflict in the Communist International. A MONAD PRESS BOOK exclusively distributed by Pathfinder 14Charleslane, NewYork, N.Y.l0014 Press, Inc. Notes, Index. 334 pp., $8.95, paper $3.45 PATHFINDER PRESS, INC., 410 West St., New York, N.Y. 10014 Tel. (212) 741-0690

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THE MILITANT/MAY 18, 1973 23 THE MILITANT COP WHO KILLED 10-YEAR·OLD INDICTED FOR MURDER N.Y. BLACKS PROTEST POLICE BRUTALITY NEW YORK -"Momma, Momma, hide your child, the cops are shoot­ if!g as if they're wild." "When you rip us off, kill our chil­ dren, and oppress us, do you still want to know why we call you PIGS?" . These were among the signs carried by angry Black demonstrators in South .Jamaica, Queens, as protests continued over the murder of 10-year­ old Clifford Glover by a New York cop. Some 1,000 Blacks marched on May 3 to the 103rd precinct police station following funeral services for Glover. Demonstrations, statements of · protest ~ prominent Black figures and spontaneous outbursts on the part of Black youth followed the April 28 shooting of Glover by plainclothes cop Thomas Shea. The protesters were demanding that Shea, who has a history of brutal attacks on unarmed youths, be con­ victed on the murder charges brought against him by the Queens district attorney's office. According to the New York Daily News, this is the first time one of New York's "finest" has been charged with· murder "in the line of duty." Glover was the second 10-year-old Black child to be killed by New York police in less than a year. In both cases the unarmed Blacks were shot by white cops claiming their victims Demonstrators outside funeral for Clifford Glover had guns. In both cases· the posses­ sion of such guns could not be proven. Glover was shot in the back and then, attend funerals for police who are charge be dropped in favor of simply aid Cawley, "chronically resort to according to one eyewitness, kicked killed were not present. He referred suspending Shea pending an "inves­ force in their work." and cursed by Shea. particularly to the absence of Demo­ tigation." "McKiernan's statement," said Oliver pointed out that "no police The funeral for Glover at Mount cratic Mayor John Lindsay. Oliver, "that the indictment of Shea department screening panel is going Zion Baptist Church was attended by Socialist Workers Party candidate shows that New York 'slips still fur­ to end the police terror that exists in some 1,500 people. In a moving eu­ for mayor Norman Oliver attended ther toward anarchy' is ridiculous. the Black and Puerto Rican commu­ logy, the Reverend Vaster Johnson the funeral and participated in the The 'anarchy' in New York is the nities. The cops are in our commu­ asked, "Is there any difference from demonstration that followed. Oliver anarchy of cop-violence against the nities for the purpose of making sure a rope 100 years ago in Alabama told The Militant that "the widespread innocent and the defenseless." that those who profit from our plight or a gun now in South .Jamaica? I anger and protests coming out of the Oliver denounced the latest effort to can continue to do so. The occupying wonder if it was the price of being Black community show that our peo­ whitewash the police department- a armies of police in our communities Black standing before a gun with a ple are fed up with brutal racist as­ panel set up supposedly to examine by their very nature 'resort to force' white finger on the trigger." saults." the records of New York's 30,000 or the threat of force and must be Percy Sutton, Manhattan borough He scored Policemen's Benevolent cops. The stated goal of this panel replaced with a force drawn from our president and a Black, complained Association President Robert McKier­ is to ferret out those cops who, in communities and controlled by our that many of the public officials who nan for demanding that the murder the words of Police Commisioner Don- communities." Settlement announced at Wounded Knee By SKIP BALL When arms were· finally laid down on $125,000 bail. Bond for other key made into complaints of civil rights MAY 9-0n May 7, after 70 days, on Tuesday morning, May 8, 30 oc­ leaders, including traditional spiritual violations. a settlement was announced ending cupants of the village were arrested adviser Leonard Crow Dog, who was Terms of the new settlement are sim­ the historic occupation of Wounded by federal agents. in Wounded Knee with government ilar to those of an earlier agreement Knee by· Oglala Sioux and members The legal office handling their de­ authorization at the time of his arrest, reached April 5, which the government of the American Indian M(Jvement fense estimates that bail will exceed ranges between $30,000 and $70,000. then refused to implement. Talks are (AIM), The struggle for Indian rights half a million dollars. Pedro Bissonette, vice-president of supposed to begin in two weeks be­ that motivated the seizure, however, Russell Means and AIM security di­ the Oglala Sioux Civil Rights Orga­ tween a team of White House advisers goes on. rector Stan Holder are each being held nization ( OSCRO), is being held with­ and traditional Sioux chiefs and head­ out bail. men. A constant stumbling block in ne­ According to the Wounded Knee gotiations throughout the occupation Legal Defense-Offense office, however, has been the government's refusal to those OSCRO organizers and AIM deal with any issues but the terms of leaders now in jail will only be per­ the Indians' surrender. Government mitted to participate in the talks if spokesman Kent Frizzell told reporters they have been released on bond. that in the future, Washington would Talks are slated to center around handle actions like Wounded Knee in the 1868 treaty, which gave the Sioux the same way it now handles "bank all the land of the former Dakota robberies or hijackings." Territory west of the Missouri River. Despite this federal arrogance, which Legal fights around unsettled issues brought on the Wounded Knee action are expected to continue as well. in the first place, the new settlement One of the main unresolved issues, does include a government agreement the key one behind the take-over from to audit the finances of Chief Richard the beginning, is .whether the people Wilson's U. S.-backed tribal govern­ of Pine Ridge Reservation will be al- Site of negotiations between Indians and U.S. government representatives. ment. An investigation will also be Continuecl on page 22

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