DOCSLIB.ORG

RI42 Stratigraphy and Depositional History of the Post-Choptank

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE DELAWARE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY REPORT OF INVESTIGATIONS NO. 42 SEISMIC LINE NO. SHOT POINT NO. / DGS I / DS 5 s 300 200 400 300 200 SEA FLOOR 3 -I -<::~_--=--=~-- ::E ____ BASE OF COLUMBIA 2c o 0.1 ~ ~s;;::---_ --.:.. - 2b -- ~ A~~~iII1"~~~~ fiJ STRATIGRAPHY fTl-l 0;:u OF 20 ~:l> CCilnl~r>JlLCHESAPEAKE < POS -- 0.2 fTl r BASE OF S1 MARYS (?) -I s: fTl SCALE o 12 24, 0.3 (IN FEET xlOOOl BY A. Seon ANDRES STATE OF DELAWARE NEWARK, DELAWARE AUGUST 1986 STRATIGRAPHY AND DEPOSITIONAL HISTORY OF THE POST-CHOPTANK CHESAPEAKE GROUP by A. Scott Andres Delaware Geological Survey August 1986 CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT •• · . 1 INTRODUCTION 2 Purpose and Scope 2 Previous Investigations 2 Acknowledgments •• 5 METHODS OF INVESTIGATION 5 General ..•.•• 5 Well Log Analysis • 5 Seismic Stratigraphy. 6 Seismic Facies Analysis 8 ONSHORE DATA •••••••• 8 Stratigraphy and Lithology. ·. 8 Depositional Framework•• 15 OFFSHORE SEISMIC STRATIGRAPHY AND CORRELATIONS WITH ONSHORE CONTROL. • 18 External Form and Gross Correlations. 18 Internal Form and Correlations. 22 Structures. • 24 Seismic Facies. 25 DEPOSITIONAL HISTORY 28 CONCLUSIONS. 30 REFERENCES • ·. 36 ILLUSTRATIONS Figures 1. Well and seismic line location map 4 2. Idealized well log facies. 7 3. Cross-section A-A' 9 4. Cross-section B-A' ••• 10 5. Cross-section C-C' ••• 11 6. Base of st. Marys(?) Formation structure contour map •••• 16 i Page Figures 7. St. Marys(?) Fo:r:mation isopachous contour map . 17 8. Base of Manokin·formation··· · ···structure contour map . 19 9. Manokin and Bethany· ··formations····· isopachous contour map. • 20 10. Manokin and Bethany formations· · cumulative sand percentage contour map • 21 11- Generalized geologic and seismic cross-section 23 12. Possible faults····and structural·· · · style 26 1 3. Seismic facies . 27 1 4a. Depositional history-Subsequence· · ······ 2a basin. 31 14b. Depositional history-Subsequence 2b basin. 32 14c. Depositional history-Subsequence 2c basin. 33 TABLES Tables 1­ Geologic and Hydrologic Units••.••••• 3 2. Sequences, seismic facies, and depositional environments.•••••••••••.•• 34 ii STRATIGRAPHY AND DEPOSITIONAL HISTORY OF THE POST-CHOPTANK CHESAPEAKE GROUP ABSTRACT Onshore and offshore geological and geophysical data were used to investigate the lithostratigraphy, seismic stratigraphy, and depositional history of the late Tertiary age post-Choptank Chesapeake Group rocks in Sussex County, Delaware and adjacent counties in Maryland. The results of this investigation suggest that the st. Marys!?) Formation and the sandy interval of which the Manokin aquifer is a part, are distinct lithostratigraphic units. The Manokin formation is proposed as an informal lithostratigraphic unit that refers to the sandy interval of which the Manokin aquifer is a part. On a regional scale, the section containing the Ocean City and Pocomoke aquifers and adjacent and intervening confining beds is best treated as a single undifferentiated lithostratigraphic unit. The Bethany formation is proposed as an informal lithostratigraphic unit that refers to this section. The seismic data suggest that the post-Choptank Chesapeake Group consists of at least two depositional sequences that are separate from the underlying older Chesapeake Group and overlying depositional sequences. The complex internal structure of the seismic sequences demonstrates that, in Delaware, the lithostratigraphy of the post-St. Marys!?) Chesapeake Group is not correlative with its seismic stratigraphy. The post-Choptank Chesapeake Group was deposited as a wave and fluvial energy-dominated delta complex. The delta complex was deposited in three phases. During the first two phases the delta advanced as two separate lobes onto a shallow marine shelf. During the third phase, a small basin that formed north of the first two lobes was filled. The Manokin formation was deposited in a delta front to lower delta plain setting, probably as wave reworked distributary channel sands and distributary mouth bars The Bethany formation was deposited in a locally variable setting, ranging from delta plain to delta front. 1 INTRODUCTION Purpose and Scope This report documents the results of an investigation of the post-Choptank Chesapeake Group, defined herein as the st. Marys(?) Formation, and the overlying Upper Miocene Aquifer Complex as described by Hansen (1981). The Aquifer Complex has traditionally been subdivided into the Manokin, Ocean City, and Pocomoke aquifers, and intervening fine-grained aquitards (see Table 1). The Aquifer Complex currently supplies water to many of the coastal communities and is the probable source of water for future development. An understanding of the geologic framework will aid future hydrogeologic investigations by more clearly defining the relationships between aquifers and confining beds and by identifying potential hydrologic boundaries. A map of the study area with well and seismic line locations is shown in Figure 1. Onshore and offshore geologic and geophysical data were used to investigate the lithostratigraphy, seismic stratigraphy, and depositional history of the late Tertiary age post-Choptank Chesapeake Group in Sussex County, Delaware and adjacent counties in Maryland. The data include three 24-fold common depth point (CDP) stacked seismic reflection profiles collected for the Delaware, Maryland, and U. S. Geological surveys, drill-hole geophysical and lithologic logs, and published outcrop and paleontologic evaluations. The combination of seismic and well­ log data provides a perspective of the subsurface not available from either data set alone. Previous Investigations Previous work has largely been water resources oriented and has focused on the occurrence and availability of fresh ground water (e.g., Rasmussen and Slaughter, 1955; Sundstrom and Pickett, 1969; Miller, 1971; Cushing et al., 1973; Weigle and Achmad, 1982; Hodges, 1984). Geologic~ata were usually obtained as a by-product of water resources investigations. As a result of this emphasis on hydrogeology, the core samples necessary for completing detailed geologic evaluations have not been available, and much of the geologic knowledge is limited to interpretations of the distribution of the fresh water-bearing aquifers. This approach has evolved a confusing hybrid stratigraphy, in which units are defined according to hydrologic and lithologic criteria. 2 r. U Hydrologic Units 0 Geologic Units a. (Weigle and Achmad,1982) U.I (used in this report) Unnamed beds of I CD ~c marine, estuarine, and OCD ::J:U continental origin ('-- IIII 11111111111111111 CD C 0 CD Omar Formation U :Qa. 0 e:::S III :d~ -CD oC) Beaverdam Formation Pleistocene aquifer U Q. ---------- Upper confining bed Pocomoke aquifer Bethany formation Lower confining bed Ocean City aquifer Lower confining bed CD c CD Manokin formation Manokin aquifer U 0 -:E Sf. Marys (1) Formation ? I ?"'IIIIIIII'? Choptank Formation Frederica aquifer ~---------_.. ----------- Calvert Formation Table 1. Geologic and hydrologic units. 3 ! DELAWARE \ tbl!5-Z9• BAY i /14,22:-4• \ i ~eI3-3 i, 'GREENWOOD NC4a-2• Nf\4-2 Ng1-17 70'4"! O.I~-I 3.'40'+ i Od24·1 • Of 34.2 09l2-3 Oc~-3 •• Od22-1 \ ••0\131"1 i GEOflGETOWN Pc211-14 PI24~'• \ Pc\4!5-3 Pc •43- P'i4-4 \ .LAUf;lEL Q142-2 \ Q,52-2 c'.l • • O<lrOhlH• ! ... L'--~-------_Q~~~I!.E_-----_~~~. ":_~':~~IL__ ~ARYLANO Wor A~19 Wor Af30 WICU85 WiC,S2 W1id6!S • WICh38 • Wore,3'• WIOd23• 7S'4!5' 75'00' +38'15' +38'15' EXPLANATION • DATA POINT Som :93 'No.OdGD• 111115-1 WELL/BORING NUMBER 200 ~_JU~.JJ 1SEISMIC LINE AND t;J IOoj SHOTPOINT NUMBER ---- STATE BOUNOARY Som Oe28 A I--IA' LINE OF CROSS SECTION • FIGURE I. WELL AND SEISMIC LINE LOCATION MAP Figure 1. Well and seismic line location map. Several recent interpretations of the geology of the Chesapeake Group are presented in Owens and Denny (1979), Hansen (1981), Newell and Rader (1982), Kidwell (1984), Ward (1984), and Mixon (1985). Woodruff (1977) presents preliminary interpretations of the seismic reflection data used in this report. One interpreted marine multichannel seismic reflection profile used in this report is presented in Weigle and Achmad (1982). Field (1979) presents the results of a single channel sparker and acoustipulse seismic reflection investigation. Acknowledgments Thanks are expressed to Richard N. Benson, Kenneth D. Woodruff, John H. Talley, and Robert R. Jordan of the Delaware Geological Survey for their discussions of the interpretation of geologic and geophysical data. Harry J. Hansen (Maryland Geological Survey), and Kenneth D. Woodruff, John H. Talley, Richard N. Benson, and Robert R. Jordan (Delaware Geological Survey) are thanked for critically reviewing the manuscript. sandra Dunn drafted the figures for this report. METHODS OF INVESTIGATION General The principles and procedures of sedimentary basin analysis presented in Miall (1984) and Galloway and Hobday (1983) were used to evaluate the bedding geometry and spatial relationships within and among lithologic units of the post-Choptank Chesapeake Group. The approach generates information that can be used to predict the subsurface distribution and gross textural characteristics of sand bodies. This information is useful in ground-water expforation. Well Log Analysis Lithostratigraphic units were defined based on the occurrence of similar geophysical log characteristics and lithologies both in individual drill holes and on a regional scale. There was no chronostratigraphic intent in the designation of the lithostratigraphic units. 5 Semi-quantitative measurements
Recommended publications
  • Geologic Map and Cross Sections of the Leonardtown 30 X 60- Minute

    Geologic Map and Cross Sections of the Leonardtown 30 X 60- Minute

    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Geologic Map and Cross Sections of the Leonardtown 30 X 60- Minute Quadrangle, Maryland and Virginia by Lucy McCartan1 Wayne L. Newell1 James P. Owens1 * Gary M. Bradford1** Open-File Report 95-665 Prepared in cooperation with the Maryland Geological Survey This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards (or with the North American Stratigraphic Code). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. 1 Reston, Va. *Deceased **Volunteer for Science CONTENTS Page Introduction 3 Map contruction 4 Mapping paradigms 4 Time 5 Depositional environments 5 Previous work 6 Geologic overview 6 Structural setting 7 Ground-water chemistry 9 Discussion of selected stratigraphic units 10 Pleistocene deposits 11 Lowland unit Q2 11 Lowland unit Q3 11 Lowland unit Q4 11 Lowland unit Q5 12 Pliocene deposits 13 Upland unit T1 13 Yorktown Formation 14 Miocene deposits 14 Eastover Formation 14 St. Marys Formation 15 Choptank Formation 15 Calvert Formation 16 Pre-Miocene units 16 Nanjemoy Formation 17 Marlboro Clay 18 Aquia Formation 18 Acknowledgements 19 References cited 20 Description of map units 26 TABLES Units found only below land surface (see cross sections) 28 Table 1 Regional correlation of stratigraphic units 29 Table 2 Ground-water chemistry of selected formations 30 Table 3 Some typical characteristics of stratigraphic units 34 FIGURES Explanation of map units 35 Map symbols 36 Figure 1 Map showing distribution of depositional lithofacies of the Yorktown Formation 37 GEOLOGIC MAP AND CROSS SECTIONS OF THE LEONARDTOWN 30 X 60 MINUTE QUADRANGLE, MARYLAND AND VIRGINIA by Lucy McCartan, W.L.
  • Interpretation of Exploration Geochemical Data for the Mount Katmai Quadrangle and Adjacent Parts of the Afognak and Naknek Quadrangles, Alaska

    Interpretation of Exploration Geochemical Data for the Mount Katmai Quadrangle and Adjacent Parts of the Afognak and Naknek Quadrangles, Alaska

    Interpretation of Exploration Geochemical Data for the Mount Katmai Quadrangle and Adjacent Parts of the Afognak and Naknek Quadrangles, Alaska By S.E. Church, J.R. Riehle, and R.J. Goldfarb U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 2020 Descriptive and interpretive supporting data for the mineral resource assessn~entof this Alaska Mineral Resource Assessnzent Program (AMRAP) study area UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1994 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Gordon P. Eaton, Director For Sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Map Distribution Box 25286, MS 306, Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-PublieatlonData Church, S.E. Interpretation of exploration geochemical data for the Mount Katmai quadrangle and adjacent parts of the Afognak and Nalrnek quadrangles, Alaska 1 by S.E. Church, J.R. Riehle, and R.J. Goldfarb. p. cm. - (U.S. Geological Survey bulletin ;2020) Includes bibliographical references. Supt. of Docs. no. : 119.3 :2020 1. Mines and mineral resources-Alaska. 2. Mining gedogy- Alaska 3. Geochemical prospecting-Alaska I. Riehle, J.R. 11. Goldfarb, R.J. UI. Title. IV. Series. QE75.B9 no. 2020 [TN24.A4] 557.3 5420 93-2012 [553'.09798] CIP CONTENTS Abstract ............................................................................................................................. Introduction......................................................................................................................
  • Lithostratigraphic Mapping Through Saprolitic Regolith Using Soil Geochemistry and High-Resolution Aeromagnetic Surveys

    Lithostratigraphic Mapping Through Saprolitic Regolith Using Soil Geochemistry and High-Resolution Aeromagnetic Surveys

    EGU2020-20242 https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-20242 EGU General Assembly 2020 © Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Lithostratigraphic Mapping Through Saprolitic Regolith Using Soil Geochemistry and High-Resolution Aeromagnetic Surveys. Helen Twigg and Murray Hitzman iCRAG, School of Earth Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland The Neoproterozoic Central African Copperbelt located in southern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and the northwestern Zambia and contains 48% of the world’s cobalt reserves and significant resources of copper, zinc, nickel and gold. A good understanding of the geology is critical for successful mineral exploration. However, geological mapping is hindered by low topographic relief, limited outcrop, and a generally deep (10-100m) weathering profile developed since the Late Miocene. Multielement soil geochemistry provides a means for conducting geological mapping. Areas with outcrop or containing drill holes and/or trenches were utilized to relate known geological lithologies with soil geochemical results using major element and trace element ratios. The lithostratigraphy within a study area along the DRC-Zambia border can be geochemically sub- divided into three units. Mixed carbonate and siliciclastic lithologies of the lower portion of the local stratigraphy are typically characterised by elevated V, Ti, and Nb. Mudstones and siltstones are dominated by elevated Al, Fe and Ba. The upper portion of the local stratigraphy is geochemically neutral with regards to trace elements. Lithological discrimination through analysis of soil geochemical data is limited in some areas by intense weathering. A A-CNK-FM diagram exhibits how complete weathering of carbonate rocks and carbonate-rich breccias (after evaporites) results in the somewhat counter intuitive outcome that residual soils above carbonate rocks are amongst the most aluminum rich in the study area with >80% Al2O3 (mol%) or >80% combined Al2O3 (mol%) and FeO + MgO (mol%).
  • Weathering, Erosion, and Susceptibility to Weathering Henri Robert George Kenneth Hack

    Weathering, Erosion, and Susceptibility to Weathering Henri Robert George Kenneth Hack

    Weathering, erosion, and susceptibility to weathering Henri Robert George Kenneth Hack To cite this version: Henri Robert George Kenneth Hack. Weathering, erosion, and susceptibility to weathering. Kanji, Milton; He, Manchao; Ribeira e Sousa, Luis. Soft Rock Mechanics and Engineering, Springer Inter- national Publishing, pp.291-333, 2020, 9783030294779. 10.1007/978-3-030-29477-9. hal-03096505 HAL Id: hal-03096505 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03096505 Submitted on 5 Jan 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Published in: Hack, H.R.G.K., 2020. Weathering, erosion and susceptibility to weathering. 1 In: Kanji, M., He, M., Ribeira E Sousa, L. (Eds), Soft Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 1 ed, Ch. 11. Springer Nature Switzerland AG, Cham, Switzerland. ISBN: 9783030294779. DOI: 10.1007/978303029477-9_11. pp. 291-333. Weathering, erosion, and susceptibility to weathering H. Robert G.K. Hack Engineering Geology, ESA, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente Enschede, The Netherlands e-mail: [email protected] phone: +31624505442 Abstract: Soft grounds are often the result of weathering. Weathering is the chemical and physical change in time of ground under influence of atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, biosphere, and nuclear radiation (temperature, rain, circulating groundwater, vegetation, etc.).
  • Smithsonian Contributions and Studies

    Smithsonian Contributions and Studies

    Thecachampsa antiqua (Leidy, 1852) (Crocodylidae: Thoracosaurinae) from Fossil Marine Deposits at Lee Creek Mine, Aurora, North Carolina, USA Albert C. Myrick, Jr. Formation (early Pliocene; Gibson, 1983; Hazel, 1983). It ABSTRACT provides a first opportunity to study the Lee Creek crocodilian materials in relation to other similar forms of comparable geo- Fossil remains of crocodilians at Lee Creek Mine have been few and fragmentary. Nevertheless, isolated teeth and dermal plates logic age. The purpose of this paper is to describe the Lee from the spoil piles are identifiable as Thecachampsa antiqua Creek Mine crocodilian specimens and to comment on the (Leidy). This species was established by Leidy on characters of taxonomic status and paleozoogeographic implications related teeth presumably from the Calvert Formation of Virginia (late to the Lee Creek Mine occurrence and to occurrences of early to early middle Miocene), but the species is now validated by skulls and numerous elements from the middle Miocene forma- closely related forms elsewhere. tions of the Chesapeake Group. The same form is common in the ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.•The Lee Creek Mine specimens cit- Florida early Pliocene, where it is represented by several fairly ed in this report were collected and donated by P.J. Harmatuk, complete skeletons known as Gavialosuchus americanus (Sell- F. Hyne, and B. Hyne. I thank L.G. Barnes (Los Angeles arás). It also is known from numerous skulls from early and mid- County Museum of Natural History) for providing refresher dle Miocene formations near Lisbon, Portugal, as Tomistoma lusitanica (Vianna and Moraes). Teeth and a dermal scute indicat- information on the California specimens.
  • The Paleontology Synthesis Project and Establishing a Framework for Managing National Park Service Paleontological Resource Archives and Data

    The Paleontology Synthesis Project and Establishing a Framework for Managing National Park Service Paleontological Resource Archives and Data

    Lucas, S.G. and Sullivan, R.M., eds., 2018, Fossil Record 6. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 79. 589 THE PALEONTOLOGY SYNTHESIS PROJECT AND ESTABLISHING A FRAMEWORK FOR MANAGING NATIONAL PARK SERVICE PALEONTOLOGICAL RESOURCE ARCHIVES AND DATA VINCENT L. SANTUCCI1, JUSTIN S. TWEET2 and TIMOTHY B. CONNORS3 1National Park Service, Geologic Resources Division, 1849 “C” Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20240, [email protected]; 2National Park Service, 9149 79th Street S., Cottage Grove, MN 55016, [email protected]; 3National Park Service, Geologic Resources Division, 12795 W. Alameda Parkway, Lakewood, CO 80225, [email protected] Abstract—The National Park Service Paleontology Program maintains an extensive collection of digital and hard copy documents, publications, photographs and other archives associated with the paleontological resources documented in 268 parks. The organization and preservation of the NPS paleontology archives has been the focus of intensive data management activities by a small and dedicated team of NPS staff. The data preservation strategy complemented the NPS servicewide inventories for paleontological resources. The first phase of the data management, referred to as the NPS Paleontology Synthesis Project, compiled servicewide paleontological resource data pertaining to geologic time, taxonomy, museum repositories, holotype fossil specimens, and numerous other topics. In 2015, the second phase of data management was implemented with the creation and organization of a multi-faceted digital data system known as the NPS Paleontology Archives and NPS Paleontology Library. Two components of the NPS Paleontology Archives were designed for the preservation of both park specific and servicewide paleontological resource archives and data. A third component, the NPS Paleontology Library, is a repository for electronic copies of geology and paleontology publications, reports, and other media.
  • Historical Development and Problems Within the Pennsylvanian Nomenclature of Ohio.1

    Historical Development and Problems Within the Pennsylvanian Nomenclature of Ohio.1

    Historical Development and Problems Within the Pennsylvanian Nomenclature of Ohio.1 GLENN E. LARSEN, OHIO Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological Survey, Fountain Sq., Bldg. B, Columbus, OH 43224 ABSTRACT. An analysis of the historical development of the Pennsylvanian stratigraphic nomenclature, as used in Ohio, has helped define and clarify problems inherent in Ohio's stratigraphic nomenclature. Resolution of such problems facilitates further development of a useful stratigraphy and philosophy for mapping. Investigations of Pennsylvanian-age rocks in Ohio began as early as 1819- From 1858 to 1893, investigations by Newberry, I. C. White, and Orton established the stratigraphic framework upon which the present-day nomenclature is based. During the 1950s, the cyclothem concept was used to classify and correlate Pennsylvanian lithologic units. This classification led to a proliferation of stratigraphic terms, as almost every lithologic type was named and designated as a member of a cyclothem. By the early 1960s, cyclothems were considered invalid as a lithostratigraphic classification. Currently, Pennsylvanian nomenclature of Ohio, as used by the Ohio Division of Geological Survey, consists of four groups containing 123 named beds, with no formal formations or members. In accordance with the 1983 North American Stratigraphic code, the Ohio Division of Geological Survey considers all nomenclature below group rank as informal. OHIO J. SCI. 91 (1): 69-76, 1991 INTRODUCTION DISCUSSION Understanding the historical development of Pennsyl- The Early 1800s vanian stratigraphy in Ohio is important to the Ohio The earliest known references to Pennsylvanian-age Division of Geological Survey (OGS). Such an under- rocks in Ohio are found in Atwater's (1819) report on standing of Pennsylvanian stratigraphy helps define Belmont County, and an article by Granger (1821) on plant stratigraphic nomenclatural problems in order to make fossils collected near Zanesville, Muskingum County.
  • Brief History of the Michigan Geological Survey – Page 1 of 6 Understanding of the Michigan Basin

    Brief History of the Michigan Geological Survey – Page 1 of 6 Understanding of the Michigan Basin

    MICHIGAN Geological Survey and also the first department of the State created by statute. Michigan Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, P.O. Box 30028, 735 E. Hazel Street, The bill authorized and directed Governor Stevens T. Lansing, MI 48909. Mason, with the advice and consent of the Senate, to appoint: A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE MICHIGAN A competent person whose duty it shall be to make an GEOLOGICAL SURVEY accurate and complete geological survey of this state, which shall be accompanied with proper maps and R. Thomas Segall, State Geologist diagrams, and furnish a full and scientific description of its rocks, soils and minerals, and of its botanical and geological productions . and provide specimens of the HISTORICAL SEQUENCE OF same . ORGANIZATIONAL NAME AND An appropriation of some $3,000 was recommended to carry out the above work during the first year, and on DIRECTORS: February 23, 1837, Governor Mason signed the bill into First Geological Survey law. Douglass Houghton, State Geologist, 1837-45 As a result of this legislation, Dr. Douglass Houghton, Second Geological Survey who had conceived and planned the survey, and Alexander Winchell, State Geologist 1859-62 persuaded individual members of the legislature to Michigan Geological and Biological Survey commit money and time to this undertaking, was Alexander Winchell, State Geologist, 1869-71 appointed Michigan's first State Geologist. The Carl Rominger, State Geologist, 1871-85 Michigan Geological Survey's early accomplishments Charles E. Wright, State Geologist, 1885-88 are inextricably linked with the work and personality of M. E. Wadsworth, State Geologist, 1888-93 Dr. Houghton.
  • Mesozoic Stratigraphy at Durango, Colorado

    Mesozoic Stratigraphy at Durango, Colorado

    160 New Mexico Geological Society, 56th Field Conference Guidebook, Geology of the Chama Basin, 2005, p. 160-169. LUCAS AND HECKERT MESOZOIC STRATIGRAPHY AT DURANGO, COLORADO SPENCER G. LUCAS AND ANDREW B. HECKERT New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, 1801 Mountain Rd. NW, Albuquerque, NM 87104 ABSTRACT.—A nearly 3-km-thick section of Mesozoic sedimentary rocks is exposed at Durango, Colorado. This section con- sists of Upper Triassic, Middle-Upper Jurassic and Cretaceous strata that well record the geological history of southwestern Colorado during much of the Mesozoic. At Durango, Upper Triassic strata of the Chinle Group are ~ 300 m of red beds deposited in mostly fluvial paleoenvironments. Overlying Middle-Upper Jurassic strata of the San Rafael Group are ~ 300 m thick and consist of eolian sandstone, salina limestone and siltstone/sandstone deposited on an arid coastal plain. The Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation is ~ 187 m thick and consists of sandstone and mudstone deposited in fluvial environments. The only Lower Cretaceous strata at Durango are fluvial sandstone and conglomerate of the Burro Canyon Formation. Most of the overlying Upper Cretaceous section (Dakota, Mancos, Mesaverde, Lewis, Fruitland and Kirtland units) represents deposition in and along the western margin of the Western Interior seaway during Cenomanian-Campanian time. Volcaniclastic strata of the overlying McDermott Formation are the youngest Mesozoic strata at Durango. INTRODUCTION Durango, Colorado, sits in the Animas River Valley on the northern flank of the San Juan Basin and in the southern foothills of the San Juan and La Plata Mountains. Beginning at the northern end of the city, and extending to the southern end of town (from north of Animas City Mountain to just south of Smelter Moun- tain), the Animas River cuts in an essentially downdip direction through a homoclinal Mesozoic section of sedimentary rocks about 3 km thick (Figs.
  • Stratigraphical Framework for the Devonian (Old Red Sandstone) Rocks of Scotland South of a Line from Fort William to Aberdeen

    Stratigraphical Framework for the Devonian (Old Red Sandstone) Rocks of Scotland South of a Line from Fort William to Aberdeen

    Stratigraphical framework for the Devonian (Old Red Sandstone) rocks of Scotland south of a line from Fort William to Aberdeen Research Report RR/01/04 NAVIGATION HOW TO NAVIGATE THIS DOCUMENT ❑ The general pagination is designed for hard copy use and does not correspond to PDF thumbnail pagination. ❑ The main elements of the table of contents are bookmarked enabling direct links to be followed to the principal section headings and sub-headings, figures, plates and tables irrespective of which part of the document the user is viewing. ❑ In addition, the report contains links: ✤ from the principal section and sub-section headings back to the contents page, ✤ from each reference to a figure, plate or table directly to the corresponding figure, plate or table, ✤ from each figure, plate or table caption to the first place that figure, plate or table is mentioned in the text and ✤ from each page number back to the contents page. Return to contents page NATURAL ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH COUNCIL BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Research Report RR/01/04 Stratigraphical framework for the Devonian (Old Red Sandstone) rocks of Scotland south of a line from Fort William to Aberdeen Michael A E Browne, Richard A Smith and Andrew M Aitken Contributors: Hugh F Barron, Steve Carroll and Mark T Dean Cover illustration Basal contact of the lowest lava flow of the Crawton Volcanic Formation overlying the Whitehouse Conglomerate Formation, Trollochy, Kincardineshire. BGS Photograph D2459. The National Grid and other Ordnance Survey data are used with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office. Ordnance Survey licence number GD 272191/2002.
  • Paper Number: 1591 the Stratigraphic Table of Germany Revisited: 2016

    Paper Number: 1591 the Stratigraphic Table of Germany Revisited: 2016

    Paper Number: 1591 The Stratigraphic Table of Germany revisited: 2016 Menning, M., Hendrich, A. & Deutsche Stratigraphische Kommission Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany, menne@gfz- potsdam.de For the occasion of the “Year of Geosciences” in Germany 2002 the German Stratigraphic Commission created the “Stratigraphic Table of Germany 2002” (STD 2002) [1]. It presents more than 1 000 geological units, beds, formations, groups, regional stages, and regional series of the Regional Stratigraphic Scale (RSS) of Central Europe in relation to the Global Stratigraphic Scale (GSS). Alongside the recent stratigraphic terms are also some historical names like Wealden (now Bückeberg Formation, Early Cretaceous) and Wellenkalk (now Jena Formation, Muschelkalk Group, Middle Triassic) [1] (http://www.stratigraphie.de/std2002/download/STD2002_large.pdf). The numerical ages in the table have been estimated using all available time indicators including (1) radio-isotopic ages, (2) sedimentary cycles of the Milankovich-band of about 0.1 Ma and 0.4 Ma duration for the Middle Permian to Middle Triassic (Rotliegend, Zechstein, Buntsandstein, Muschelkalk, and Keuper groups), and (3) average weighted thicknesses for the Late Carboniferous of the Central European Namurian, Westphalian, and Stephanian regional stages. Significant uncertainties are indicated by arrows instead of error bars as in the Global Time Scales 1989 and 2012 (GTS 1989, Harland et al. 1990 [2], GTS 2012, Gradstein et al. 2012 [3]). Those errors were underestimated in the GTS 2012 [3] because they were calculated using too much emphasis on laboratory precision of dating and less on the uncertainty of geological factors. Figure 1: Buntsandstein and Muschelkalk in the Stratigraphic Table of Germany 2016 (part) In 2015 und 2016 the German Stratigraphic Commission updated the entire STD 2002 [1].
  • DGS OFR46.Qxd

    DGS OFR46.Qxd

    State of Delaware DELAWARE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY John H. Talley, State Geologist REPORT OF INVESTIGATIONS NO. 75 STRATIGRAPHY AND CORRELATION OF THE OLIGOCENE TO PLEISTOCENE SECTION AT BETHANY BEACH, DELAWARE by Peter P. McLaughlin1, Kenneth G. Miller2, James V. Browning2, Kelvin W. Ramsey1 Richard N. Benson1, Jaime L. Tomlinson1, and Peter J. Sugarman3 University of Delaware Newark, Delaware 1 Delaware Geological Survey 2008 2 Rutgers University 3 New Jersey Geological Survey State of Delaware DELAWARE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY John H. Talley, State Geologist REPORT OF INVESTIGATIONS NO. 75 STRATIGRAPHY AND CORRELATION OF THE OLIGIOCENE TO PLEISTOCENE SECTION AT BETHANY BEACH, DELAWARE by Peter P. McLaughlin1, Kenneth G. Miller2, James V. Browning2, Kelvin W. Ramsey1, Richard N. Benson,1 Jaime L. Tomlinson,1 and Peter J. Sugarman3 University of Delaware Newark, Delaware 2008 1Delaware Geological Survey 2Rutgers University 3New Jersey Geological Survey Use of trade, product, or firm names in this report is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the Delaware Geological Survey. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACTG........................................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTIONG................................................................................................................... 1 Previous WorkG.......................................................................................................... 2 AcknowledgmentsG.....................................................................................................