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Alqarni, Mohammed Citation: Alqarni, Mohammed (2017) Developing a Framework to Improve the Implementation of Geospatial Technology in the Planning and Delivery of Infrastructure for Residential Areas in Saudi Arabia: A Case Study of Riyadh City. Doctoral thesis, Northumbria University. This version was downloaded from Northumbria Research Link: http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/33272/ Northumbria University has developed Northumbria Research Link (NRL) to enable users to access the University’s research output. Copyright © and moral rights for items on NRL are retained by the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. Single copies of full items can be reproduced, displayed or performed, and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided the authors, title and full bibliographic details are given, as well as a hyperlink and/or URL to the original metadata page. 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The full policy is available online: http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/policies.html Developing a Framework to Improve the Implementation of Geospatial Technology in the Planning and Delivery of Infrastructure for Residential Areas in Saudi Arabia: A Case Study of Riyadh City M H ALQARNI PhD 2017 Developing a Framework to Improve the Implementation of Geospatial Technology in the Planning and Delivery of Infrastructure for Residential Areas in Saudi Arabia: A Case Study of Riyadh City MOHAMMED HASSAN M ALQARNI A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the University of Northumbria at Newcastle for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Research undertaken in the Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Environment June 2017 Abstract Over the past five decades, Riyadh, the capital city of Saudi Arabia, has witnessed many organisational, economic, social and demographic transformations, all of which have contributed to its rapid growth. This growth, which exceeded the city’s plans to meet the needs of a growing population, resulted in many neighbourhoods experiencing limited services and utilities. Along with governmental efforts to manage the spread of residential areas, several agencies accountable for providing residential services have sought to exploit the potential of geospatial technologies as a means for improving the planning, management and decision-making processes needed to address these issues. Government support has provided a major boost towards the improvement of geospatial technology usage in different areas. However, the use of these technologies in the context of residential infrastructure delivery is limited. This research investigates empirically how the implementation of geospatial technologies can be improved in the agencies concerned with the delivery of residential infrastructure, with the aim of developing strategies to enhance the exploitation of the available technologies in support of decision-making. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher carried out an extensive review of the literature, official reports and documentation, and conducted a Delphi study through three successive consultation rounds, involving a set of experts representing all concerned agencies. The results revealed that shortcomings in organisational, technical and human aspects are the primary reasons behind the limited use of geospatial technology tools in the planning process for residential infrastructure delivery. This in turn assisted in the development of consensus-based strategies for addressing these issues. The research contributes to the existing body of knowledge in the field of urban studies by offering a better understanding of how the employment of geospatial technology tools could be improved in the context of residential infrastructure delivery in rapidly growing cities in general, and the city of Riyadh in particular. It also offers a practical contribution to decision makers in the agencies concerned with residential infrastructure delivery, who work to improve the activities of these technologies to achieve the best use of their implementation. The research results are expected to help researchers to conduct further studies on the development of the use of geospatial technologies in the context of Saudi Arabia. i Table of Contents Abstract .............................................................................................................................. i Table of Contents .............................................................................................................. ii List of Tables.................................................................................................................... vi List of Figures ................................................................................................................. vii List of Abbreviations and Acronyms ............................................................................. viii Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................... ix Declaration ........................................................................................................................ x Chapter 1: Research Introduction ................................................................................. 1 1.1 Research Background ......................................................................................... 1 1.2 Statement of the Research Problem .................................................................... 3 1.3 Research Aim and Objectives ............................................................................ 5 1.4 Scope of the Research ........................................................................................ 5 1.5 Significance of the Research .............................................................................. 6 1.6 The Structure of the Thesis ................................................................................ 7 1.7 Summary ............................................................................................................ 9 Chapter 2: Urban Growth and its Implications for Infrastructure in Urban Areas ..... 10 2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 10 2.2 The Concept of Urban Growth ......................................................................... 11 Causes of Urban Growth ........................................................................... 13 Urban Growth Issues ................................................................................. 14 2.3 The Urban Infrastructure .................................................................................. 16 2.4 Governance of Urban Infrastructure ................................................................. 22 The Definition and Scope of Governance ................................................. 22 Urban Governance and Delivery of Infrastructure .................................... 25 2.5 Summary .......................................................................................................... 35 Chapter 3: The Use of Geospatial Technologies in Residential Infrastructure Planning and Delivery.. .................................................................................................................. 37 3.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 37 3.2 The Use of ICT in Urban Governance ............................................................. 38 3.3 Geospatial Technologies and Residential Infrastructure Delivery ................... 41 ii 3.4 Factors Influencing Use of Geospatial Technology ......................................... 50 Non-Technical Factors .............................................................................. 50 Technical Factors ...................................................................................... 53 3.5 Summary .......................................................................................................... 55 Chapter 4: Research Methodology.............................................................................. 57 4.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 57 4.2 Research Philosophy ........................................................................................ 57 4.3 Research Approach ........................................................................................... 60 4.4 Research Strategy ............................................................................................. 62 4.5 Research Design ............................................................................................... 64 The Literature Review............................................................................... 65 Direct Observation .................................................................................... 67 The Delphi Technique ............................................................................... 68 4.5.3.1 The Selection of the Delphi Participants ........................................... 71 4.5.3.2 Data Collection and Analysis Process ............................................... 73 4.6 Validity ............................................................................................................
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