AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES Published by Number 1071 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY June 5, 1940 New York City

DESCRIPTIONS OF SEVEN NEW BIRDS FROM VTENEZUELA

BY E. T. GILLIARD

Five of the birds described below repre- 16, 1939, by Ventuira Barn6s. Altitude, 310 neters. sent results of the William H. Phelps DIAGNOSIS.-Simllilar' to C. c. sonntini of British ornithological research on the Paraguana Guianla but distiinctly daikei oIn upper surface, Peninsula and in the region of the upper less brownish, and with the dark areas of terti- Apure Valley during 1938-1939. They are aries, back and rump sooty black iinstead of dark brown; crest plumes darker (sooty brown with described here in advance of the intended subobsolete buffy brown tips) instead of uniiform publication of an annotated list pertaining Light Drab; gr-eater aind middle wilig-coverts to the avifauna of the first locality. One darker, giving the appearance of being imiore ex- new species and one new subspecies in- tensively notched with white; Chinl buffy, less Ochraceous-Tawny; back with onily traces of cluded in this paper are from localities out- the deep brown which prevails in sonnitini; side of the range of those two collections. feathers oIn central hinld iieck terminally fringed I am particularly indebted to Mr. John with Ochraceous-Tawny instead of buffy white Todd Zimmer for his generous advice and with onily a few subobsolete br-owrnish shaft- streaks; vermiculationis on chest, shoulders and constant guidance in every problem and to anterior back darker, Blackish Browni (1), less Mr. William H. Phelps and Dr. Frank M. Auburn; breast and anterior flanks more ex- Chapman for the opportunity to study and tensively dark Auburni (the narrow Amber- describe these new birds. I heartily thank Brown shaft-streaks of sonnini being broader and Smithsonian In- darker); tail averages shorter than sonnini. Dr. Alexander Wetmore, RANGE.-Venezuela: The Apure Valley from stitution, Washington, D. C., Dr. W. E. the base of the Andes eastward to the junction Clyde Todd, Carnegie Museum, Pitts- of the Apure River with the Orinoco River and burgh, Dr. Herbert Friedmann, U. S. north to the base of the Andean coast range National Museum, Mr. Rudyerd Boulton, (Guasdualito to Camnaguan and Calabozo). DESCRIPTION OF TYPE. Ainteirior half of Field Museum of Natural History, Chi- crown dusky white; crest Fuscous faintly tipped cago, and Rodolphe de Schauensee, Acad- with Tawny (a few of the feathers seen at the an- emy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, for terior bases of the long criest plumes are more the loan of certain material necessary to the Smoke Gray, less dusky white, and are fringed with Buffy Brown); lores, aniterior subocular area following studies. aind anterior malar regioin like forehead; auricu- Names of colors are capitalized when lars Hair Brown; superciliaries Ochraceous- direct comparisons have been made with Tawny, beginning over the eye and broadening Ridgway's "Color Standards and Color posteriorly, margined above by a broad irregular line of black-streaked feathers; (oIn the hind Nomenclature." neck between the black superciliary margins are The following map, at the bottom of feathers which aie terminally barred with deep which localities are printed alphabetically, Ochraceous-Tawny and subtermninally barred shows all the localities in Venezuela cited in with black, giviing the central hind neck a slightly iicher surface color-ation than the super- this paper. Each place name has been ciliaries); chin buffy; throat Ochraceous- given a number which also appears on the Tawny; neck distinctly collared with black and map. white spotted feathers, broadest in the post auricular region where the feathers are black with uniform white niotches (elsewhere the Colinus cristatus barnesi, new subspecies feather design varies from semi-concealed sub- Type from Pedraza (Ciudad Bolivia), Barinas, terminal white barring to white streaks on single upper Apure Valley, Venezuela, No. 2134. W. vanes); upper back and shoulders Carbon Gray, H. Phelps Collectioni, Caracas, Veniezuela. tinged with dark Dusky Brown, vermiculated (Type on deposit at The Americarl Museum of minutely with brown, tertiaries and scapulairs Natural History.) Aduilt mrale collected March narrowly fringed with cinnamon-brown; imiiddle, VENEZUELA English Miles s 0 l soete 0 Kilometers so 0 so too ISO 200 250

Acarigua-34 La Puerta (Las Mercedes)-37 Adicora-2 Las Canales (Las Quiguas)-16 Altagracia-49 Las Mercedes-37 Arabupu (Roraima)-59 Las Quiguas-14 Auyan-tepui(Mt.)-56 Las Trincheras-15 Barcelona-21 Maipures-55 Barinas-44 Maripa-50 Barquisimeto-28 Merida-42A Bucarito-31 Moruy-5 Caicara-48 Ocumare-between 14 and 17A Calabozo-35 Palenque 36 Camaguan-45 Palmarito-46 Campamento del Medio-62 Paraguana (Peninsula)-3 Campo Alegre (Cuman6)-near 22 Paso Hondo (San Esteban)-13 Caracas-11 Paulo (Roraima)-58 Ciudad Bolivar-51 Pedraza (Ciudad Bolivia)-43 Ciudad Bolivia (Pedraza)-43 Pedregosa (Merida)-near 42A Colonia Tovar-18 Philipp Camp (Roraima)-57 Conejos-42 Piacoa-52 Coro-9 Puerto Cabello-10 CumanA-22 Puerto La Cruz-17A Cumarebo-8 Punta (Merida)-near 42A Duida (Mt.)-61 Quebrada Seca-23 El Cuji-32 Roraima (Mt.)-60 El Limon-17 San Antonio (Bermudez)-25 El Palmar-53 San Juan (Perija)-27 El Planchon-1 San Miguel (Lara)-30 El Socorro-38 Santa Ana (Mt.)-4 El Tinaco-33 El Valle 19 Tinaquillo-29 Escorial (M,irida)-near 42A Tobasco-40 Esmeralda-63 Tucacas-12 Guacharo (Caripe)-24 Valencia-26 Guanare-41 Valle (M6rida)-near 42A Guasdualito-47 Vela de Coro-7 La Ci6nega-20 Yaquibo (Paraguana)-5 La Prisi6n-54 Zaraza--39 2 19401 SEVEN NEW BIRDS FROM VENEZUELA 3 lower back and upper tail-coverts black centrally, culmenl froin base, 14-15.5; exposed culmen, 11- becoming narrower posteriorly, feathers on back 13.5; tarsus, 27-30. narrowly fringed with mottled brownish gray, Males show a range of measurement on both becoming broader and lighter on the lower back sides of the type. Wing, 98-102; tail, 60-64; and broadest on- the upper tail-coverts (on the culmen from base, 14-15.5; exposed culmen, tail the black central areas take the form of broad 11.5-13.5; tarsus, 26-29. shaft-streaks which are widely margined with mottled brownish gray); chest and anterior REMARKS.-All of the specimens from breast Pale Grayish Vinaceous tinged with the Orinoco River basin east of the mouth brown, showing subobsolete deep brown ver- of the Apure River to Ciudad Bolivar and miculations especially on the sides immediately one specimen from San Antonio, Bermudez, posterior to the collar; breast and flanks Auburn, feathers on flanks with dark chestnut shaft- differ from sonnini by having more brown- streaks margined with Seal Brown edgings which ish chests with fewer whitish spots. They are notched with from two to three pairs of white differ from barnesi, the dark race from the oval spots (the area occupied by the Seal Brown upper reaches of the Apure Valley, by being and white decreases toward the central breast where it is replaced with Auburn. On a few decidedly lighter above and below. It ap- feathers, at the mid-line, the white is obsolete pears that these birds which have been col- and only traces of Seal Brown are seen as a fring- lected at various localities between the ing, otherwise the feather is completely Auburn); type localities of sonnini and barnesi are belly, shanks And crissum dull buff terminally, Seal Brown subterminally, increasing in intensity intermediates more closely related to on the lower crissum; under tail-coverts Seal sonnini than to barnesi. Brown broadly notched with three sets of paired, This new quail is named in honor of Dr. buff notches; remiges above Deep Brownish Ventura Barn6s, Curator of the Phelps Drab subobsoletely notched on anterior vanes with buff; greater and middle wing-coverts sepia Ornithological Collection, Caracas, Vene- with irregular small white notches, vermiculated zuela, the collector of this type. with black and minutely mottled with brownish specks; lesser wing-coverts like greater and mid- SPECIMENS EXAMINED dle coverts but lacking buff edgings and with a C. c. leucotis.-COLOMBIA: Honda, 1 (?), Mag- light, more amber vermiculation; under wing- dalena River, 2 e, 1 9, 1(?). coverts Pale Neutral Gray fringed with dull C. c. littoralis.-COLOMBIA: Santa Marta, 2 white especially anteriorly; remiges below Neu- cll 9,1(?). tral Gray; tail above mottled mouse gray with C. c. horvdthi.-VENEZUELA: near Merida, shaft-streaks dark brownish black; tail below 3 9. Deep Neutral Gray irregularly vermiculated C. c. cristatus.-CURACAO:- 1 d, 1 9, 1(?); with light gray. Bill (in life), "black"; legs, Aruba, 1 e, 1 9. VENEZUELA: Barquisimeto, "gray." Wing, 100 mm.; tail, 62; exposed 2 d; El Cuji, 1 d; Moruy, 9 , 3 9; Adicora, culmen, 12.5; culmen from base, 15; tarsus, 29. 1 9; El Planchon, Buena Vista, 1 cm ; San Females generally like males on upper surface Miguel, 1 e. with the exception of the crown feathers which C. c. barnesi.-VENEZUELA: Guasdualito, 2 are dark brownish black, tipped with brownish d; Pedraza (Ciudad Bolivia) Barinas, 2 d, buff; tail feathers above deep brownish gray, 1(?); Acarigua, 1 e, 2 9; Palmarito, 1 e, 3 9. narrowly barred and fringed semi-obscurely with C. c. sonnini X barns8i.-VENEZUELA: El Tin- gray-buff; a large irregular brownish black area aco, 2 e, 1 9; Palenque, 1 d; La Ci6nega, 1 d; occurs between each buff bar; feathers of lores, Calabozo, 2 ce , 1 9; Camaguan, 1 e, 1 9; anterior malar region and chin as in male, but Valencia, 1(?); Maripe, 4 e, 2 9; Altagracia, with minute dark brown tips; throat darker 7 c, 3 9; Ciudad Bolivar, 2 ce, 2 9, 1(?); Ochraceous-Tawny and feathers profusely Cumana', 1 e<(?), 3 9 (?); San Antonio, Ber- notched with black (these black areas become mudex, 1 c. enlarged posteriorly in the region of the collar C. c. sonnini.-BRITISH GUIANA: Quonga, 2 where all feathers are framed with black); dark c, 4 9; Annai, 4 c. DUTCH GUIANA: Suri- collar semi-obsolete except in postauricular area; nam, 1 9. anterior chest and shoulders with edgings as C. c. mocquerysi.-MARGARITA ISLAND: 1 c, described for the male, but marked subterminally 1 (?). with paired buffy white spots; remainder of chest and upper belly buffy white barred or spotted with dark seal brown; the buffy white Speotyto cunicularia arubensis Cory barring is uniform at the mid-line but, on the Speotyto cunicularia aru4bensis CORY, 1915, flanks, takes the form of paired spots or notches; Field Mus. Publ. No. 182, Orn. Ser. 1, No. 8, the Seal Brown bars are enlarged in the flank p. 299 (Aruba Island, Dutch West Indies). area, where the buffy white spots occur, to the extent of joining each other continuously along A careful study of the type and five para- the shaft. Wing, 91-103.5 mm.; tail, 55-61.5; types, sixteen specimens from Adfcora, 4 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITA TES INo. 1071

Paraguana Peninsula, and one specimen middle of the feather; entire outer portion from San Juan, PerijA, state of Zulia, Vene- of the outer web white, for at least half of its zuela, reveals that this form, heretofore width, as well as the greater portion of the known only from Aruba Island, is present inner web." This character is present in also on continental South America. the type and in one paratype (Field Mus. Cory found that arubensis (loc. cit.) Nat. Hist. No. 38124) but two paratypes "approached brachyptera but is larger and exhibit outer tail feathers which agree with brown markings darker (more umber two skins in the fresh series from Margarita brown)." In comparing five fresh Marga- Island and with the single museum speci- rita Island skins and one old specimen in men (W. H. Phelps Coll. Nos. F. 2, F. 155, The American Museum of Natural History A. M. N. H. No. 485372). This is made collection (No. 485372, coll. 1895) with five doubly clear by the variation exhibited in old Aruba Island skins, this difference is the sixteen Adicora birds. For example, reversed, with the exception of a faded two specimens (W. H. Phelps Coll. Nos. Margarita Island skin which is similar in 648, 638) have the right outer tail feather intensity of brown to the old Aruba Island barred and the left one narrowly streaked specimens (Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Nos. with less than the average area of rufous to 38122, 23, 24, 25, 26 (type)). It appears be seen in the pallid Aruba Island birds. that Cory may have compared faded Mar- On the other hand, there are at least four garita Island birds with fresh Aruba Island Adicora females with more rufous and less specimens and, in doing so, obtained an in- white than any of the Margarita speci- accurate racial character. This assumption mens. is corroborated by the fact that our fresh The large series of Adfcora birds have Adfcora specimens (which appear similar to been difficult to identify because of the the Aruba birds except that they average large amount of individual (and sexual?) darker brown on the upper parts) are close variation which they exhibit. Much of to the five fresh Margarita Island examples. Cory's description of arubensis, which was Cory recognized the following differences based on a small series, has been nullified by in the tail: "Outer. tail feather dull white, comparison with the many Adicora speci- washed slightly with pale buff on the inner mens but it can be said of Cory's observa- web and having two or three very pale tion as to measurement that the Aruba brown irregular spots confined to the mid- Island bird is larger. In average size the dle of the feather." Individual variation Adicora birds agree with those from Aruba in both races tends to lessen the importance Island and consequently the range of the of this difference. I have examples before subspecies arubensis should be enlarged to me from Margarita Island which match include the nearby Paraguana Peninsula. those from Aruba Island but arubensis A single female in worn plumage from seems to average slightly more dull white on San Juan, Perija, state of Zulia (west of the inner vane of the outer tail feather. Lake Maracaibo), is provisionally included Birds from Adicora, Paraguana Peninsula, with this form because of its similarity in and a single female from San Juan, Perij§, size. The significance of the gray cast of agree with those from Aruba Island in this the upper parts, perhaps due to the greater respect. It seems that this character is to amount of white spotting, is impossible some extent influenced by sex. I notice in to recognize in a single imperfect specimen. the Adicora series, that seven males have In measurement it is smaller than the the outer tail feathers lighter (the irregular average of arubensis but in length of wing spotting being more restricted) and eight it is matched by one Aruba Island bird females average darker. In reference to (F. M. N. H. No. 38123) and it is slightly the rest of Cory's description of the outer larger than the smallest specimen in the tail feather, it seems that too much empha- Adicora series (W. H. Phelps Coll. No. 638). sis has been placed on this feather. He In length of tail and exposed culmen it wrote: .... and having two or three very agrees with the smallest examples from both pale brown irregular spots confined to the Aruba Island and Adfcora. 1940] SEVEN NEW BIRDS FROM VENEZUELA

Speotyto cunicularia minor Cory paper, which has a riiclh reddish-brown back. Speotyto cuinicldaria minor CORY, 1918, Birds Their relationship is decidedly closer to of Amer., Field Museum Zoological Series, mlinor than to the new form. Since they XIII, p. 40. Type fromii Boa Vista, Rio Branco, Amiiazonas, Brazil. are so nearly like minor, I think any further ?Speotyto brachyptera CHUBB, 1916, Birds separation wouldl be unwise. Brit. Guiaiia, I, p. 292. Twenty-eight skins of this species are at Speotyto cunicularia apurensis, new sub- hand(I from various parts of the range Cory species records (minor-loc. cit.) and from Vene- Type froimi Pedraza (Ciudad Bolivia), Barinias, zuela. Fifteen are freshly collected birds upper Apure Valley, Veinezuela. No. 2216, W. from the miilddle and lower Orinoco and for H. Phelps Collectioni, Caracas, Venezuela. a whlile seeme(d to be the first recorde(d (Type on deposit at The Aiimerican Museum of Natural History.) Adult imiale collected March specimens to he taken in Venezuela. How- 16, 1939, by Williamii H. Phelps. Altitude, 310 ever, Cory overlooked two skins of S. c. neters. minor (Coll. G. K. Cherrie, Altagracia) D1.AGNOSIs. Similar irn measuieiiieint to S. c. whiclh Hartert had classified as S. c. bra- aroibensis from Aruba Island and the adjacent Paraguani't Peninisula but upper surface brighter, ch!yptera,I the Margarita Island form before beinig Snuff Brown tinted with Buckthorn Brown the northeastern Brazilian race, minor, was instead of Saccar-do's Uimber. Differs from S. c. separated from it. In The American brachyptera of Margarita Islanid and S. c. minor Muiseum of Natural History, in addition to of northeastenii Brazil by ieasoin of greater size and much birighter uppeIr parts. (Wing aveirages these two birdls, there is still another skin 8 mm. longer than in brachyptera, 4 mm. loinger collectedl by Cherrie at Caicara. thami in minor.) According to Cory, nminor, described from RANGE. Veinezuela: southern foothills of the the Rio Branco region, ranges only ques- Andes flankiing the upper Apure River Valley oIn the inorth and northwest, south to the Apure tionably to British Guiana. Comparison River. (FIroIm1 Pedr-aza (Ciudad Bolivia), Ba- between eight o0l( British Guiana specimens rinas, oIn the niorthwest, to Tinaquillo, Cojedes, collected by Whitely an(d two nearly topo- aind Valeincia, Car-abobo, on the inoirth, to Palma- typical birds from Frechal, Rio Surumu, Iito, Apure, on the south.) DESCRIPTION OF TYPE.-Upper surface Sniuff northeastern Brazil, shows that a close Brown (beconiing slightly darker, Bister, be- affiniity exists between the two series in tween the shoulders) irregularly spotted with color pattern an(d in size. (It is impossible large dull white, buff and Clay Color spots. to make color compairisons because the skins Crown similar to back but spotting smaller and more extensive givinig it a brighter appearance. collected by Whitely are faded.) Lores whitish with long black tips (a few short Comparing old skins with old, the birds browinish-black feathers cover the longer feathers fromn the middle Orinoco region obtained by at their bases); auriculars Tawniy-Olive becoimi- Cherrie aire similar to Whitely's British inlg lighter nmore buffy at base; foichead, supra- ocular stripe, area immediately posterior to the Guiana birds, both having red(lish brown auiiculars aind chin, silvery white; inalar regioin upper parts as against dull grayish brown aind postauricular region white, coninecting sub- in the recently collected nearly topotypical obsoletely with pale supira-ocular stripe. Center birdls. Comparing fresh material, nine of chest white, aind unlike chin, with gray bases to the feathers. This area, roughly oval in lower Orinoco skins in the Phelps Collection shape, is separated fromii the silveiry white have dark grayish brown upper parts thiroat by an irregular brownish band which similar to the nearly topotypical minor but contintues to sides of neck. The feathers which slhow a slight though consistent tendency form this baind are Bister on their basal halves anid tipped with light cinnamoin-buff or sub- to be more rufous. teriiiinally with paired spots. Breast Pinkish Apparently the birds from the lower Buff fadinig to dull buffy white on crissum aiid Orinoco and fiom the mi(ldle Orinoco (the uinder tail-coverts. Each breast feather bears latter with the rufous wash even more pro- two Cininamon-Buff and two light bars, one of the lattei being terminal (all are anterior to the nounced) aire intermediates between the gray basal feather-halves). Across the br-east northeastern Brazilian form, minor, and the behind the white chest spot, chiefly on the sides, upper Apure Valley race described in this the brownish bars become biroader and darker giving the appearance of a Snuff Brown cries- uni- 1 1902, Novitates Zoologicae, IX, p. 116. Ieentic band. The brown bars decrease 6 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES [No. 1071 formly in intensity of color and in width poste- other in which this same feather bears three riorly, becoming obsolete on the crissum and un- der tail-coverts. Remiges drab brown with from broad brownish bars (W. H. Phelps Coll., six to seven pairs of buffy notches becoming in- No. 2212). The average is as described for creasingly larger on the inner vane. Greater and the type. middle wing-coverts near snuff brown irregularly notched with buffy white. Lesser wing-coverts SPEcIMENS EXAMINED Sayal Brown becoming duller, more drab, on the S. c. arubensis.-ARUBA ISLAND: 2 e, 3 9 portion between the elbow and the wrist where (including type). VENEZUELA: Adicora, Para- almost obsolete gray-buff terminal markings ap- guana Peninsula, 8 , 8 9. pear. Tail above like lower back, with five pairs S. c. brachyptera.-MARGARITA ISLAND: 4 e, of buff spottings and notchings except on central 2 9. rectrix which is too worn for description (the S. c. minor.-BRAZIL: Frechal, Rio Surumu, spots are on outer vanes and large notchings are 1 e, 1 9. GUIANA: Annai, 2 ce, 4 9; upper on inner vanes). Outermost feather on left side Takutu Mts., 1(?). VENEZUELA: Piacoa, 1 o; with whole inner web and basal half of outer web Tobasco, 5 e, 3 9; La Puerta, Palenque- creamy whitish. Right outer feather with traces Mercedes, Guarico, 3 ce, 3 9 ; Altagracia, 1 ce, of brown bars on terminal third of inner web. 1 9; Caicara, 1 9. Bill (in life), "Yellow-green"; iris, "yellow"; S. c. apurensis.-VENEZUELA: Pedraza (Ciu- feet, "olive." Wing, 162.5 mm.; tail, 69; dad Bolivia), 2 e&, 2 9 ; Palmarito, 4 e, 3 9; exposed culmen, 14.5; tarsus, 50.5. El Tinaco, 2 e, 1 9; Tinaquillo, 1 e, 1 9; Valencia, 1(?). REMARKS.-Females are as described for S. c. tolimae.-COLOMBIA: plains of Tolima, the male. Range of measurement in seven 1 77, 1 9 ,1(?). adult males: wing, 153-162.5 mm.; tail, 61.5-69 mm.; exposed culmen, 13.5-15 Centurus subelegans subelegans Bona- mm. A Mocquerys skin collected in 1893 parte at Valencia,1 state of Carabobo, appears to Centurus subelegans BONAPARTE, 1837, Proc. belong to this new race despite its faded Zool. Soc. London, p. 109 ("Mexico," i.e., condition. (Valencia is about thirty-five Venezuela). miles from Tinaquillo where two specimens There still remains some question as to of apurensis were collected.) what form Bonaparte applied his original On the upper aspect the series of sixteen description.2 In the first description he skins averages Snuff Brown. The extremes gave "Mexico" as the type locality and in in color variation are slight and all are de- the second, which embodied nearly the cidedly brighter than any other specimens same description,3 he corrected the type examined. One specimen from Tinaquillo locality to "Venezuela." (W. H. Phelps Coll., No. 2221) is cinnamon- In attempting to affix the original and snuff-brown as opposed to one from Palma- abridged descriptions, our observations rito (W. H. Phelps, No. 2215) which ap- seem to parallel those of Mr. Richmond,4 pears duller, more umber. The light spot- who is satisfied that, "the proper name for ting appears quite variable on both the the present bird [El Valle, Caracas] is with- back and head. Some specimens have a out doubt M. subelegans of Bonaparte, al- great deal of it, for example, one from El though some ornithologists, principally the Tinaco, Cojedes (W. H. Phelps Coll., No. English, have for a long time relegated this 2223), has buffy white spotting on about a name to the synonymy of M. aurifrons third of the total feather area of the crown. (Wagler); probably following Sclater, who At the opposite extreme, one from Palma- seems to have been the first to make the rito (W. H. Phelps Coll., No. 2212) bears mistake." only a few flecks of white and almost obso- The case in point is particularly interest- lete terminal fringes on the crown. The ing because of the discovery of a second average is as described for the type. Venezuelan coastal form, there being, of The tails show great variation ranging course, the possibility that Bonaparte's from one extreme in which the outer tail description might apply to it and not, as feather is plain creamy buff on the inner Mr. Richmond thinks, to the long familiar vane (W. H. Phelps Coll., No. 2217) to the Venezuelan race. 2 1837, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 109. 1 Specimen in American Museum of Natural His- 3 1850, Consp. Av., I, p. 119. tory, No. 485375. 4 1896, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mlus., XVIII, p. 666. 19401 SEVEN NEW BIRDS FROM .VENEZUELA 7

In the original description, Bonaparte with that of Hellmayr and Seilern2 who do neglected to mention the color of the abdo- not accept this much older name because of men, but in the second, gave it as red. the uncertainty of the type locality. I This can be seen in the following in which have chosen to follow Cory in this case be- both of Bonaparte's descriptions of M. cause he studied both the Hellmayr-Seilern subelegans have been merged. (Brackets and the Richmond claims and then pro- signify the additions which appear in ceeded to provisionally accept the latter the second description.) "[Minor], albo- and to suggest Caracas, Venezuela, as the nigroque fasciatus; subtus, cum capite, type locality of subelegans. His example dilute cinerascens: vertice [abdominisque is followed in the determination of the medio] rubris; fronte et cervice subauratis: following new form. [macula oculari nigra nulla]." This char- acter, the red abdomen, seems sufficient of Centurus subelegans paraguanae, new itself to exclude the new race of any sus- subspecies Type from Cerro Santa Ana, Paraguana picion that it might have been the form Peninsula, Venezuela; No. 673, W. H. Phelps originally described. Collection, Caracas, Venezuela. (Type on de- Richmond notes a discrepancy in the de- posit at The American Museum of Natural His- scriptions of subelegans as applied to his El tory.) Adult male collected October 22, 1938, by the W. H. Phelps ParaguanA Peninsula Ex- Valle specimen. Bonaparte wrote, "fronte pedition. Altitude, 550 meters on Cerro Santa et cervice subauratis." In Richmond's Ana.' specimen the nape was red, "paler than the DIAGNOSIS.-Similar to C. s. subelegan8 of crown and separated from it." Consider- "Venezuela" but Scarlet-Red of crown less exten- sive and obsolete on nape where it is replaced by able variation is shown by the large series Buckthorn Brown; Antimony Yellow area at at hand. All of the birds have the forehead base of upper mandible more restricted, par- yellow but the nape is primarily red, lighter tially replaced with Light Buff; abdomen washed than the crown. In many specimens, the strongly with Primuline Yellow, subobsoletely tipped with rose instead of with brilliant red. red of the crown is disconnected with the RANGE.-Venezuela: The Paraguana Pen- red of the nape, but the majority of the insula and adjacent region of the mainland males are solid red. (Two excellent ex- (Coro to Cumarebo). amples of this variation from the same re- DESCRIPTION OF TYPE.-Crown patch Scarlet- can in Red; forehead supra-ocular stripe, lores and gion be seen The American Museum malar region Light Buff; base of upper mandi- of Natural History, catalogue numbers, ble, posterior to nostrils, Antimony Yellow; nape -487625-28.) The yellow of the nape, and sides of crown posterior to eyes Saccardo's mentioned in Bonaparte's description, is a Umber; a faint fringe of Buckthorn Brown with traces of rose fringing, forming an indistinct subobsolete character in all but a few collar on the posterior nape; auriculars Light specimens and, when present, is seen as a Buff, darker than the forehead; back, tertiaries golden hue on the posterior nape. What- and lesser wing-coverts with uniform alternate ever this discrepancy may mean, there is no black and white bars, the latter being terminal; barring becoming subobsolete on lower rump; apparent reason for presuming that, if the upper tail-coverts white, lighter than the fore- original description of subelegans was based head, but with small concealed black spots and on a Venezuelan specimen, it applies to the notchings; tail, black with soiled white mark- new form to be described. The characters ings; central pair of rectrices with six square- cornered light notches on inner vane, outer vane consistently are more applicable to the with irregularly light-shaped areas enclosed by known form, and, as has been shown, narrow black fringing; first and second rectrices the color of the abdomen of the new race from central pair black finely tipped with soiled does not agree with Bonaparte's descrip- white; third rectrix with a narrow soiled-white fringing along the outer vane, broadest on tip, tion. and with a small light spot on the inner vane near Wetmore, in his paper' entitled "Observa- the tip; outer rectrix like third but with five small tions on the Birds of Northern Venezuela," soiled-white notches on outer vane, one larger uses the specific name rubricapillus instead notch near the tip of the inner vane, and with of subelegans. His preference is in a line spot on inner vane larger; chest, Dark Olive 2 1912, Arch. filr Naturg., p. 150. 1 1939, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 3073, 3 This is the only important elevation on the LXXXVII, p. 213. Peninsula. The mountain is 864 meters high. 8 AMERICAN MUSEUJM NOVITA TES [ NTo. 1071

Buff; throat, Deep Olive Buff; upperl br-east anld femnales at hand from otlher regions of Vene- flanks like chest; lower chest aind abdorren washed with Priinuliine Yellow anid, subobso- zuela. letely, with rose; posterior flanks, crissuimi and Males show a range of measurement on under tail-coveits with black barring similar to both sidles of the type. Wing, 101-110 back but with a buffy cast to the whitish barri-ing; mmn.; tail, 50-60; culmen, 22.5- shanks dull huffy gray with subobsolete bariing; exposecl tail below deep br-ownish black with soiled-white 26.5; culmeni from base, 25.5-29.5. markinigs as described for the upper suirface; The paraguanae specimens are similar to remiges below Mouse Gray notched with white, subelegans in measurIiemeInt, both being very moie exteIlsivCly oIn the ininer vaine; the white variable and with tails and culmens (from notches restricted to the basal halves of the outer four primar-ies, becoimie iimore extensive on- the base) averaging slightly largei thani the reiiaiinder of the remiges which, in additioin, are averages observe(d frorn the large series of tipped with white; ieimiiges above Deep Mouse rutbricapillus listed below. Giay with white markings as described for the under surface; greater aind imiedian coverts black SPECIMEN.S EX.AMINED irregularly inotched with white. Bill (in life) (Aimiericatn Museumii Specimiierns) "black"; legs, "greenI"; wiIng, 102.5 inin.; tail, 56; exposed culmen, 24.5; culmen fiom base, 28; C. s. rotbricapilllus.-COLOMBIA: Sirnu River, tarsus, 20.5. 2 9; "Bogota," 2 9, 4(?); lIoinda, 2 e, ] [el, 1 9; Bonida, Santa Mai ta, 1 e, 5(?). In addition to the type, there are four C'. s. so?ibelegans.-VENEZUELA.: M&rida, 1(?); topotypical specimens from the peninsula Pedregrosa, 1 9; Punta, niear Merida, 1 e, 3(?); Conejos, inear Merida, 1 d; Escorial, riear proper; four of these when compared with M6rida, 1 (?); Inland of Pueirto Cabello, I e, five from Coro and Quiragua, Cumarebo 1 9; Quebiada Seca, Estado Curnan:i, 1 e, 2 9; (two towns locatecl within fifteen kilo- Valley of Campos Alegre, Estado Cumani't, 2 e, meters of tlle base of the narrow strip of 1 [9 ]; El Limn6n (valley of Puerto La Cruz) 2 d; Tueacas, Estado Falconi, I d; La Vela de land, about twenty-five kilometers in Coro, Estado Falcon, 1 5; Las Trinlcher-as, lengtlh, which "briidge-like" connects the Estado Carobobo, 1 e, 1 9; Ciudad Bolivar, peninsula proper with the mainlancd) show 4 e', 1 9 (?); Altagracia, 1 9; Caicara, 2 e, the mainland form to be a partial inter- 1 9 irrnmrl.; MIaripa, I 5; Maipures, 1 9 mediate between the typical and the new BRITISH GUIA.NA: 1 9. form because, while those from the penin- SPECIMENS EXAMINED sula proper show no trace of the vivid red (W. H. Phelps Collectioii) posterior nape collar, all of the mainland C. s. s?ibelegans. VENEZUELA: La Ci6nega birds have a slight indication of it. The (inear Caracas), 2 e, 1 9; Coloinia Tovar, 1 9; fifth specimen from the peninsula proper, Ciudad Bolivar, 1 9; El Socorro, 1 d; Zaraza, 1 d; El Paliimar, 1 9; Camlaguain, 2 5', I(?); however, is comparable to two slightly Acarigua, 2 9; Valle, near MWrida, 1 e. marked mainland birds. The abdouien C. s. paragaranae. VENEZUEILA (Paraguanai patches of all are decidedly amber yellow Peninsula): Cerro Santa Ana, 2 e (including while all other specimens at hand from type), 1 9; Yaquibo, 1 9; Moruy, 2 5, 3 9. other localities are strongly red. (Maiinland): Coro, 3 5', 2 9; Cuimiarebo, 2 e. A comparison of females impressively Ochthoeca diadema tovarensis, niew indicates the validity of the new race. subspecies Those from the peninsula proper are com- Type from Colonia Tovar, state of Aragua, pletely devoid of any yellow or tint of red on Venezuela; altitude, 1950 meters; W. H. Phelps the nape. both of the catalogue No. 1498 (type oIn deposit at The However, adjacent American Museum of Natural History); adult mainlan(l females at hand (Coro and Santa male, January 2, 1939. obtained by the W. H. Rita, Cumarebo) have a faint wash of red Phelps collectors. on the posterior nape. Thus, the females DIAGNOSIs. Nearest to 0. d. diadema (Hart- made for the laub) of the easter n Andes of Colombia anid west- corroborate the observation ern Venezuela (Andes of Tachira and MWrida) males, that mainland birds in the vicinity but distiilguishable by the miior e olivaccouis crown of the briidge are intermediate between aind nape, less suffused with sooty biowin, anid by and much a deeper biowinish-olive back and tertials. subelegans paraguanae, though RANGE. The Anideani coast rainge at Coloniia closer to the latter. Below all specimens Tovar (probably the coast ranige from the state appear amber yellow as against red in of Yaracuy to the state of Miranda). 19401 SEIVEN NEW BIRDS FROM VENEZUELA99

DESCRIPTION OF TYPE.-Top of lhcad anid inape suggested that more specimnens be collected. dark olive with a slight suffusion of sooty-olive feather ceniters appearing on the anterior feather Fortunately in January, 1939,W. H. Phelps halves; concealed basal halves, at inargiin of sent his collectors to Colonia Tovar and Lemnon Chrome for-ehead, whitish; these con- they procured an adult male (the type) cealed white areas decrease to slenderly taperinig which confirmed Mr. Zimmer's hopes. shaft streaks throughout the remainder of the CrIowIn, niape, back anld rump; back, tertiaries The name tovarensis seems appropriate and ruml-p brownish olive with an amber cast; because it gives a geographical picture of the lores black; forehead Lemon Chroine, continiued region inhabited by this new race. The over the eyes to the supra-auriculars in broad village of Colonia Tovar was established in superciliary stripes; subobsolete dusky tipping inconspicuously present in the superciliary the year 1841 and named in honor of Count strip)e chiefly over the eye; postocular space like Martin Tovar, a Venezuelan statesman of crowni; auriculars dusky olive with yellowish great wealth who encouraged the immigra- shafts stroingest basally; throat Citron Yellow, tion of German stock to this region high in duller than forehead or superciliary streaks; chest at mid-line slightly darker than the throat; the Andes. sides of chest and flanks washed with Yellowish Citrine; abdomen bright lemon yellow siiimilar to SPECIMENS EXAMINED posteiior superciliary stripes; shanks like flanks. 0. d. tovarensis.-VENEZUELA: Colonia Tovar, Remiges Deep Mouse Gray, externally margined 2 e (?) juv. with dull olive-gray on the outer six feathers, the 0. d. jesutpi. COLOMBI.A: Santa Marta; remainider, with broader margins mor-e amber- San Lorenzo, 1 9 (type), 1 9; Valparaiso, 1(?); olive inl tone, approaching the color of the back; El Libano, 1(?). upper-wing-coverts like the reimliges, fringed with 0. d. diadema. COILOMBIA: Bogota, 6(?). light olive like the back, forming two indistinct VENEZUELA: M6rida, 2 e, 2 9, 1 (?). wing-bars; uinder wing-coverts citrinie, brightest 0. d. gratiosa. ECUADOR: Verdacoche, Pin- oi1 the wrist; axillaries buffy, faintly washed chincha, 1 e, 1 9 Gualea, 1 e. COLOMBIA: Cerro with citrine; remiges below Pallid Neutral Gray; Munchique, coast range west of Popayan, Cauca, inniier mairgins of remiges subobsolete light gray; 2 e, 1 9; Santa Eleima, Antioquia, 1 d; El tail above like upper remiges, externally mar- Roble, Eastern Andes, 1 9; western Quindio gined with subobsolete olive; tail below like Andes above Salento, Cauca, 1 &; La Guneta, unider r-emiges. Winig, 63.5 nIlI.; tail, 56; western Quinidio Aindes, 1 9. exposed culmiein, 7.5; culmein from base, 12; tarsus, 19. REMNARKS.-N'O females were collected A NEW SPECIES OF Phylloscartes but, judging from the sizable series of FROM THE SUBTROPICS OF MT. diadenra at hand, the females of this new RORAIMA, VENEZUELA race are probably indistinguishable from Two males from Arabupu, Mt. Roraima, the males. after lengthy comparisons with each of the In measurement the new race is essen- many kinds of small flycatchers, have been tially the same as a series of six topotypical found to be a new species of Ph!llloscartes, birds from Bogota', Colombia, and a series most nearly related to P. ventralis angusti- of five from Merida, Venezuela, with the rostris of the subtropical zone of IPeru, exception that the bill may average a little Bolivia and northern Argentina. It is shorter. The following range of measure- noteworthy that P. ventralis virescens of ment is recorded for the type and two French and British Guiana does not agree topotypical partially young birds. Wing, nearly so closely with the new species as 58.5-63.5 mm.; tail, 50.5-56; exposed does angustirostris, being generally lighter culmen, 7.5-9; culmen from base, 12.... and less (listinctly marked especiallv on the In November, 1937, the two partially facial parts. Mr. Zimmer informs me that young birds were collected by the Phelps- it is not uncommon for birds from Roraima Venezuela Expedition of The American and Duida to show closer affinities to Museum of Natural History when a part of Peruvian bircds than to those from nearby the personnel made a short visit to Colonia regions. Tovar. These specimens constitutedl an extension of range for the species from Phylloscartes chapmani, new species Meridla. Mr. J. T. Zimmer suspected that TYPE. From Arabupu, Mt. Roraima; alti- they represented an undescribed race and tude 4200 feet. No. 4894, W. H. Phelps Collec- 10 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES [No. 1071 tion, Caracas, Venezuela. (Type on deposit at SPECIMENS EXAMINED The American Museum of Natural History.) P. chapmani.-VENEZUELA: Arabupu, Mt. Adult male collected December 29, 1938, by A. S. Roraima, 1e. Pinkus. P. ventralis virescens.-BRITISH GUIANA: DIAGNOSIs.-Superficially resembling P. ven- Potaro Landing, 1 d; Rockstone, Essequibo tralis angustirostris but median and greater wing- River, 1 e. coverts broadly tipped with Ochraceous-Buff P. v. angustirostris.-BOLIVIA (Prov. Cochi- (forming two distinct wing-bars) instead of pale bamba): Ineachaca, 1 9, 1(?); Locotal, 2 e, citrine yellow; facial pattern generally similar to 1 9. angustirostris but more contrasted, the white of P. v. ventralis.- BRAZIL (Macieiras): Serro do the superciliary streak being lighter and more Itatiaya, 2 e', 4 9$; Itarare, S. Paulo, 1 e, extensive; the dark loral spot and the postocular 1 9; Roca Nova, S. de Parana, 1 e, 1 9. area decidedly darker, more blackish, less gray. RANGE.-Subtropies of Mt. Roraima (Ara- bupu), Venezuela. Sakesphorus canadensis paraguanae, DESCRIPTION OF TYPE.-Upper parts Helle- new subspecies bore Green, becoming darker more Elm Green Type from Moruy, Paraguana Peninsula, on the crown; forehead at base of upper man- Venezuela. No. 725, W. H. Phelps Collection, dible, dull gray-white, connecting with grayish- Caracas, Venezuela. (Type on deposit at The white superciliary streak and continuing to hind American Museum of Natural History.) Adult crown midway over auriculars; lores Dark male collected October 14, 1938, by the W. H. Mouse Gray; filoplumes at sides of lower man- Phelps ParaguanA Peninsula Expedition. Alti- dible, black except for indistinct bone-white tude 110 meters. bases; eye-ring narrowly white; auriculars pale DIAGNOSIS.-Similar to S. c. pulchellus but yellow with sooty gray tips; postocular space like forehead with more white notchings, both larger lores; subocular region grayish white with nar- and more extensive; back paler, more Ochra- row sooty edgings; chin light gray; throat and ceous-Tawny, less streaked with brown; chin and malar region pale gray washed with citrine, the throat lighter, the black feathers with white sooty gray of the basal feather halves being terminal edgings decidedly broader. Differs faintly visible and giving a mottled appearance; from canadensis, trinitatis and intermedius by chest centrally Citron Green washed with olive, being much brighter above and by having exten- sides darker, continuing broadly down flanks; sive white markings on forehead and throat belly medially bright Reed Yellow; tail below while others have these markings only subobso- Hair Brown; primaries below like under tail, letely, if at all. edged with Marguerite Yellow on inner vanes RANGE.-Venezuela: the Paraguana Pen- (the first six primaries from outside have edgings insula and adjacent mainland (Cumarebo). partially obsolete on their outer halves); under DESCRIPTION OF TYPE.-Upper surface Ochra- wing-coverts Reed Yellow with a few dusky edg- ceous-Tawny, darker on center back and sides ings (a dull olive-gray spot appears near base of of neck, with faint blackish shaft-streaks on an- first primary); wrist like under wing-coverts; terior feather halves; crown black; forehead pos- primaries above Dark Neutral Gray, edged on terior to center crown flecked with paired white outer vanes with Courage Green. The outer- notches; crest like crown but with outer feathers most primary is solid Dark Neutral Gray and the occasionally fringed broadly with white; short next five primaries have subobsolete Courage posterior crown feathers black with broad white Green edgings on their outer halves; outer vanes terminal edgings; superciliary stripe and post- of innermost six secondaries are tipped with ocular region black, broadly notched and infre- ochraceous buff (this marking becomes larger in- quently. barred with white; lores silvery white wardly and on the innermost secondary occupies with black hair-like tips; auriculars black, sub- the anterior third of the outer vane); greater and terminally barred with buffy white; malar region median coverts Deep Mouse Gray basally, like lores; chin and throat black on partially broadly tipped with Ochraceous Buff, forming concealed basal halves, exposed halves broadly two distinct wing-bars; lesser coverts Dark Dull barred with white; upper chest at mid-line black Yellow-Green; tail above dull Mouse Gray, with broad white subterminal barring (the white narrowly edged with yellowish green, darker barring on the type appears to be terminal but is than outer edgings of primaries. Bill, black; fringed minutely with black ... I notice that feet, dark gray. Wing, 61 mm.; tail, 53; ex- seveiral topotypical males do not exhibit the black posed culmen, 9.5; culmen from base, 12; tar- tipping, presumably their plumage is worn); sus, 16. indistinctly, a long narrow black patch extends We take great pleasure in naming this new along the mid-line of the chest to the upper species in honor of Dr. Frank M. Chapman, a abdomen, the individual feathers which combine privilege best expressed in a letter from Mr. to form it are inconsistent in pattern, all are gray William H. Phelps, dated Maracaibo, Venezuela, on their basal halves but along the sides of the November 11, 1939: "I would like the best bird patch many feathers are streaked with black on of all named for our mutual, great and good their anterior inner vanes and are pure white on friend, Dr. Chapman." their outer vanes; a number of feathers directly 1940] SEVEN NEW BIRDS FROM VENEZUELA 11 at the ii-id-lin-e are gray basally arid solid black urement on both sides of the type. Wing, termiiinally; sides of neck with subobsolete hair- 71-76; tail, 59-64; culmen from base, 21- like tips, becomiinlg gray above the shoulder where the outer feather halves are niarri-owly 24.5; exposed culmen, 19-22.5; tarsus, 25- shaft-streaked with black; sides of chest soiled 28. Females similar in size to males. white becomning gray beneath the wing; pos- Females as describe(l for the type but terior flaniks arid abdomen white washed with with black areas of forehead, crown and buff, more strongly oIn tips; under tail-coverts white with gray concealed basal halves (an in- crest reddish brown; lores, auriculars, malar distinct narrow sooty bar separates the white region, chin and throat with black portions and the gray); shaniks black with broad white as described for the type, light portions sub- tips; tail below, black with bioad white tips, the obsolete and tinted with buff; chest with- ceiltral pair of rectrices are friniged narrowly with white, the first, second and third rectrices out black patch; chest, flanks, abdomen toward the outside from the central pair are sub- and under tail-coverts strongly washed with obsoletely friniged with white basally, the white cinnamon. becomiing obsolete along the outer feather halves, Two males from the state of Lara (The the fourth is narrowly friniged like the ceintral pair, thie outer tail feather is pure white on its American Museum of Natural History, outer vanie except for a small area at its base; all No. 150318, El Cuji, an(l No. 150324, Bar- are broadly tipped with white but, beginni-inlg at quisimeto) are rather similar to the series of the central pair, the white increases in area out- pulchellus from Santa Marta though they wardly. (Onie of the ceintral pairl of iectrices is worn. Evideince of the preseniec of a white tip may average slightly more pallid, less in the fresh plurirage is shown onily by the pr'es- bright rufous, above. These two males are eince of a stubby subobsolete wuhite border.) quite different from upper Apure birds antI Unider winig-coverts buffy white; priiiriaries be- even from a single male from Acarigua low gray with soiled-white edgings along innlier vanies (as seenI oIn exposed unider aspect of folded which is hardly fifty kilometers tlistant as wing), these edgirigs beiing restr-icted to the basal the crow flies. The key to this situation is halves of first four primiiaries, the white extending easily seen on a topographical map. The slightly beyond the middle of the inniier varies oni backbone of the Andes separates these two the fifth and sixth primaries aind on the remainder coinitnuiing to the tips of the feathers; primaries places and the two races of birds; pulchellus above Dark Mouse Gray, tire first three are inhabits the northwestern slopes of the lighter thaln thie rest, beiing Mouse Gray, niar- barrier, as shown by the specimens from rowly fringed with buffy white onl outer vanes. El Cuji and Barquisimeto, and intermnedius (The winigs of this specimen are partially in nioult. Primaries one, two aiid three are pr-oba- inhabits the southeastern slopes. bly in old plumage; primary four is iiot quite Specimens from Acarigua, Camaguan full gr'owII, beinig still eincased in its wax sheath antI Calabozo are similar to a series of basally aiid all but two of the -renrairider appear intermedius from La Pricion and from to be in fresh plumage.) Pririiaries four, five, six arid seveni are fringed with white oni outer Ciudad Bolivar. The only skin (male) from edges; pririraries eight, ninie, teni, anid secondaries Guas(lualito appears to be more richly onie arid two are friniged with buffy brown an-d colored above than any other from the tipped ovei the outer vanie with white, seconid- Apure or Orinoco basins. In fact, this aries three and four are in old plumage (they inidicate how cornpletely worni pluiiiage chaniges specimen, collected farther from the type the wiIIg pattern- durinig the year) aild show iio locality of trinitatis than any other in the signi of aniy frinigiing; the last secondary is broadly Phelps Collection, is very similar to that friniged with white except over inlner vane form. Mr. Zimmer pointed this out to me. wher-e tippinig is subobsolete; grleater wiing- coverts sooty black broadly frin-iged with white No attempt to explain this phenomenon is oni outer edges, subobsolete oni inniier edges; ma(le because of lack of conclusive mate- miiediani coverts black broadly tipped with white; rial. lesser cover'ts black niarirowly tipped with white; Wetrnorel observes that males from near wrist like iriediani coverts; rump Ochraceous- Tawny with a goldeni washi, posteriorly tipped Ocumare (a seaport east of I'to. Cabello), with buffy white; upper tail-coverts black with situated on the northern slope of the coastal white tips; tail above black with light areas as Andes about one hundlred miles east of described for the under surface. Bill (in life), Barquisimeto, probably "represent an un- "black"; feet, "gray"; iris, "browrr." Winig, 75.5 mnin.; tail, 62; culmen fromii base, 22; ex- described form" because they are "de-- posed culmen, 19; tarsus, 28. 1 1939, U. S. Nat. MmIus., No. 3073, LXXXVII,. REMARKS.-Males show a range of meas- p. 220. 121AMERICAN MUSEU.11 NOVITA TES ]-No. 1()71

cidedly grayish brown on the back and region niever collected in before) wlhieh ap- have under tail-coverts white without black pear clearly to be a new form. at the base" while specimens of intermedius from El Sombrero, just across the back- Emberizoides herbicola apurensis, niew bone of the Andes, "have larger bills and subspecies are lighter, brighter brown on the back." He notes that considerable variation Type fiotln Pedraza (Ciudad Bolivia), Barinas, further upper Apure Valley, Venezuela, No. 3196. W. in the color of the back, in both sexes, is H. Phelps Collection, Caracas, Venezuela. exhibited but that his specimens from El (Type oIn deposit at The Alnerican Museum of Sombrero and from near Ocumare "are Natural History.) Adult male collected March from the brighter brown S. c. 16, 1939, hy Williain H. Phelps. Altitude 310 distinct meters. pulchellus of farther west." It is probable DIAGNOSIs. Similar to E. h. sphenurus but that the Ocumare birds, which Wetmore distinctly darker, moie grayish on upper surface, believes are distinct from both interrnedius less bihownish anid without an Amber Yellow tint; ruinp duller Mouse Gray with a browni and pulchellus, are as least intermediates wash, less ciniianaon-brown; outer edges of tail most nearly related to the new race here Pale Mouse Gray, less olivaceous; black feather (iescribed as paraguanae, which is also centers on crowIl, rump and tail broader and recorded from the coastal mainland darker, less biowinish, giving the upper aspect a consistently darker appearance; subocular (Cumarebo), hardly one hundred miles stripe extending froimi anterior loiral area to from Ocumare. auriculars, darker, less gray-birowin; auriculars deeper sooty gray, less buffy gray; ocular riing SPECIMENS EXAMINED iore bioadly white, especially below oibit. (Amnerican Museum Collectioni) RANGE. The upper Apure Valley at the southerin base of the Venezuelain Andes (Pedraza S. c. pldchellus.-COLOMBIA: Santa Marta, [Ciudad Bolivia] and Guanare). 4 e'. VENEZUELA: Barquisimeto. I e; El DEscRIPTION OF TYPE. CrOWIn streaked Cuji, 1 d. broadly with black; inarrow lateral Hair Brown X S. c. intermedius. VENEZUELA: La Prisi6n, Dirab edgiilgs becomiing subobsolete oni forehead; Caura River, 4 e, 1 9 ; Ciudad Bolivar, 7 ed. broadei with a consequent decrease of black on S. c. trinitatis.-TRINIDAD: Chaguaramas, 1 biind neck; tertiaries and centei back feathers to c; Poinite Gourde, 3 d; Lulet, 2 d; Trinidad, aniterior rump with wide black areas ceintrally, 2 e. fringed with Light Grayish Olive (a few edginigs S. c. canadensis.-FRENCH GUIANA: Cayetnne, are tinted subobsoletely with amber yellow); 6 S. runmp aind upper tail-coveits with inarrow black shaft-stieaks, broadly friinged with Drab oni ani- SPECIMENS EXAMINED terior rump, becomiing richer imiore Ochiaceous- (W. H. Phelps Collectioin) Tawny oni upper tail-coverts; lores whitish with S. c. parag?ianae. VENEZUELA: MOrUy, black hair-like tips, becomiling darker (more pro- Paiaguana Peininsula, 8 e, 1 9 (?); Cumaiebo, fuse) at juinction of upper mandible; a narrow 2 e'. whitish superciliary streak, subocular space and S. c. intermedius. VENEZUELA: Guasdualito, narrow eye ring (except poster ior-ly) white, 1 ea (?); Acarigua, 1 d' 1 e imimi., 1 9, 1(?); broadest below orbit; malar region dusky black Camaguan, 2 e, 1 9; Calabozo, 1 e, 1 9 fading gradually below to merge with buffy white throat; auriculars Mouse Gray contrasted with bone-white shafts; middle chest and upper ab- Emberizoides herbicola domen at mid-line soiled white faintly washed I have at hand two adult topotypical with buff; sides of throat, chest, flainks and lower abdomen Smoke Gray, becoriing darker, nales of sphenurus from Surinam (A. M. imiore brownish, on inner poster ior flainks aild N. H. Nos. 519741, 313645) and two males lower abdoinen; under tail-coverts buff tinged from Annai, British Guiana (Nos. 519735, with brown (a nuimlber of the feathers oIn sides of 36), which are precisely similar. These chest, flanks, lower abdomen and under tail- coveits are streaked niarrowly with dark brown); four, compared with series from various tail below Mouse Giray; shanks grayish on in- parts of Venezuela, seem to show that the side, tinged with gieenish buff OIi outside; under wide-ranging subspecies, sphenurus, is very wing-coveirts white, becoiminlg stroilgly Citr on variable and very possibly in need of fur- Yellow on wrist and elbow; axillar ies white washed with yellow; primaraies like under surface ther separation. This paper deals only of tail but edged on trailing vanes with Pallid with the status of two skins of E. herbicola Mouse Gray, most promiineilit on basal halves, obtained in the upper Apure Valley (a becomirig subobsolete on ainter ior halves; pri- 1940] SEVEN NEWV BIRIDS FROM VENEZUELA manies above Clove Brown narrowly edged with lores, superciliary streak and subocular area amber yellow on outer vanies, becominig sub- obsolete oin aniterior feather halves where it is re- buffy white and almost subobsolete; malar placed with light brownish gray (the first pri- region only faintly tipped with black in- iary lacks any trace of yellow, beinig edged with stead of being heavily marginated. The white along the outer vane), last three second- feathers composing the ocular ring are in aries display no yellow but instead are fringed with soiled browniish gray; wing-coverts Clove moult, probably accounting for the lack of Browti centrally, broadly fringed with amiiber yel- white in that area. low; tail above, like primiiaries with brownish- Females of sphenurus (based on 13 skins) gray edginigs on outer vanies; cenitral pair of rec- show a range of measurement similar to tr ices edged oni both vanies. Bill (in life), "black"; feet, "olive-black"; upper manidible, that of the males, as follows: wing, 62- "black"; lower mandible, "yellow"; iris, 68.5; tail, 87.5-96.5; exposedl culmen, "browni." Wiilg, 69 mm.; tail, 90.5; exposed 12.5-14; culmen from base, 15-17; tarsus, culmiien, 13.5; culmiiein fromri base, 15.5; tarsus, 22.5-24.5. 23. REMARKS.-Males of sphenurus (based SPECIMENS EXAMINED E. h. diiida.-VENEZUELA: Mt. Duida Pla- on 22 skins) show the following range of teau, I e, l 9. measurement: wing, 63-71.5; tail, 87- E. h. sphenurus.--DUTCH GuIANA: Surinanm, 105; exposed culmen, 11.5-14; culmen 2 e BRITISH GUIAN.A: Aninai, 2 eS, 1 9. from base, 15-18; tarsus, 22.5-25.5. This VENEZUELA..-MT. RORAIMA.: 1 e; AXrabupu 2 d; Paulo, I e, 1 9; Phlilipp CaImip, 1 9. indicates that the new race here dlescribed MT. AUYAN-TEPUI: 6 e. MT. DUIDA: Cain1- is similar in size to sphenurus. palnento del Medio, 1 e, 1 9; Esmiieralda, 2 eS, Females probably like males. The single 4 9. CAR AC AS: 2 e, 3 9. SAN ANTONIO, com- BERMIIDEZ: 1 [e ]. GuAcharo: 1 c. female (Guanare, No. 3197) when E. h. apurensis. VENEZUEI.A: Pedraza (Ciu- pared with the type has dark feathers of dad Bolivia), Barinias, 1 cc (tie type); Guanare, upper parts lighter brownish, less blackish; Por tuguiesa, I 9.