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WEAPONS (Marine Infantry Battalion)

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WEAPONS (Marine Infantry Battalion) — WEAPONS (Marine Infantry Battalion) T.O. Approved 1 July, 1942 H F- - ECKERT Published: For Instructional Purposes Only. MARINE CORPS SCHOOLS MARINE BARRACKS, QUANTICO, VIRGINIA 1943 WEAPONS (MARINE INFANTRY BATTALION) T.O. APPROVED 1 JULY, 1942 TABLE OF CONTENTS Paragraph Page Introduction vii SECTION 1 U.S. RIFLE, CAL. .30, M1903 General 1 1 Essential Characteristics 2 1 Organization of Personnel 3 1 Ammunition Supply 4 5 Employment 5 5 SECTION 2 U.S. RIFLE, CAL. .30, Ml Essential Characteristics 1 7 Organization of Personnel 2 11 Ammunition Supply 3 11 Employment 4 11 SECTION 3 BAYONET, M1905 Description and Employment 1 13 SECTION 4 AUTOMATIC PISTOL, CAL. .45, M1911 and 1911A1 Essential Characteristics 1 15 SECTION 5 U.S. CARBINE, CAL. .30, Ml General 1 19 Essential Characteristics 2 19 Employment 3 19 SECTION 6 BROWNING AUTOMATIC RIFLE, CAL. .30 Paragraph Page General 1 23 Essential Characteristics 2 23 Organization of Personnel 3 25 Ammunition Supply 4 28 Employment 5 28 SECTION 7 REISING SUBMACHINE GUN, CAL. .45 MODELS 50, 55, and 60 Essential Characteristics 1 29 Ammunition Supply 2 30 Employment 3 30 SECTION 8 THOMPSON SUBMACHINE GUN, CAL. .45 Essential Characteristics 1 35 Ammunition Supply 2 40 Employment 3 40 SECTION 9 BROWNING LIGHT MACHINE GUN. CAL. .30 Essential Characteristics 1 41 Organization of Personnel 2 41 Ammunition Supply 3 43 Employment 4 43 SECTION 10 60mm MORTAR, M2 Essential Characteristics 1 45 Organization of Personnel 2 49 Ammunition Supply . 3 51 Employment 4 51 SECTION 11 81mm MORTAR, Ml Essential Characteristics 1 53 Organization of Personnel and Equipment 2 56 Ammunition Supply 3 56 Employment 4 57 ii SECTION 12 BROWNING HEAVY MACHINE GUN, CAL. .30 Paragraph Page Essential Characteristics 1 59 Organization of Personnel 2 61 Ammunition Supply 3 61 Employment 4 61 SECTION 13 BROWNING MACHINE GUN, CAL. .50, M2 Essential Characteristics 1 69 Ammunition Supply 2 71 Employment 3 71 SECTION 14 37mm GUN, ANTITANK, M3 Essential Characteristics 1 73 Ammunition Supply 2 77 Employment 3 77 SECTION 15 ANTITANK MINES General 1 79 SECTION 16 GRENADES Part I.—Hand Grenades. Fragmentation Hand Grenades, Mk. II 1 81 Chemical Hand Grenades 2 81 Practice Hand Grenades 3 81 Other Types 4 83 Part II.—Rifle Grenades, VB and Chemical. Rifle Grenade, V.B., Mk. I 1 84 Rifle Grenade, Chemical 2 84 Part III.—Antitank Mines 87 ill . LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page U.S. Rifle, Cal. .30, M1903 1 3 U.S. Rifle, Cal. .30, Ml 2 9 Automatic Pistol, Cal. .45, M1911A1 3 16 Automatic Pistol, Cal. .45, M1911 4 17 U.S. Carbine, Cal. .30, Ml 5 20 Comparative Sizes of Small Arms Ammunition (A) Cartridge, Ball, Cal. .30, M2 (B) Cartridge, Carbine, Cal. .30, Ml (C) Cartridge, Ball, Cal. .45, M1911 6 21 Standing Position, U.S. Carbine 7 22 Browning Automatic Rifle, Cal. .30, M1918A2 8 24 Browning Automatic Rifle, Prone Position 9 26 Browning Automatic Rifle, Antiaircraft Position . 10 27 Reising Submachine Gun, Cal. .45 11 31 Reising Submachine Gun, Cal. 45, Model 50 12 33 Thompson Submachine Gun, Cal. .45, M1928A1 13 37 Thompson Submachine Gun, Cal. .45, M1928 14 39 Light Machine Gun, Cal. .30, M1919A4 15 42 Light Machine Gun in Position 16 44 60mm Mortar and Shell 17 46 M4 Mortar Sight 18 47 Type EE Field Glass 19 47 Reticle on Field Glass of Older Manufacture Show- ing Mil Scales and Inverted Sight Leaf 20 48 Reticle on Field Glass of Recent Manufacture Show- ing Mil Scales 21 • 48 60mm Mortar in Position 22 50 81mm Mortar and Shell 23 54 81mm and 60mm Mortars, Comparative Sizes .... 24 55 81mm Mortar in Position 25 58 Browning Heavy Machine Gun, Cal. .30, M1917 .... 26 60 Heavy Machine Gun in Position 27 63 Illustration of Final Protective Lines 28 67 Browning Machine Gun, Cal. .50, M2 29 70 Browning Machine Gun, Cal. .50, in Position 30 72 37mm Antitank Gun, M3, Mounted on Carriage, M4 31 74 Penetration of Armor Plate by 37mm AP Shot, M51 32 75 Penetration of 1V2 " Armor Plate by 37mm AP Shot, M51 33 76 37mm Antitank Gun Going Into Position 34 78 Antitank Mine 35 79 Fragmentation Hand Grenade, Mk II 36 82 Fragmentation Hand Grenade, Cross Section 37 85 Irritant Gas Hand Grenade 38 85 Grenade, AT, M9, and Equipment 39 88 Grenade, AT, M9A1 40 90 Launcher, Grenade, U/Ml Attached to M1903 Rifle 41 91 IV Figure Pas Grenade, AT. M9, In Place on M1903 Rifle 42 91 Recoil Pad Attached to Rifle Butt 43 91 Rear Sight Leaf M1903 Rifle Set For Use With Grenade AT, M9 or Mil 44 92 Method of Aiming at Various Ranges 45 92 Standing Position 46 93 Grenadier in Foxhole Firing From Shoulder 47 93 Method of Resting Butt Against Wall of Foxhole. 48 94 Method of Resting Butt Against Stump for Prone Position 49 94 Steps to Firing AT Grenade 50 95 : WEAPONS (MARINE INFANTRY BATTALION) T.O. APPROVED 1 JULY, 1942 INTRODUCTION Strategy and tactics of warfare have been considerably affected by the rapid strides made in the development of modern weapons, especially the airplane, the tank, and other armored vehicles. The high mobility and tremendous striking power of these weapons have caused attention to be focused on them to such a degree that many laymen believe the impor- tance of the infantry arm in modern warfare is negligible. In spite of all new developments, the importance and task of the infantry remains essentially unchanged. Infantry may be transported to the theater of operations by vehicle or by air; they may even be landed by plane or parachute at points within the enemy lines—but their job is still the same they must close with the enemy in personal combat and take and hold the ground. The assistance of the supporting arms is aimed toward this phase in offensive combat. They can assist the infantry with the fires of their weapons up to a certain distance, whereupon the infantry must maintain such fire superiority that has been gained from the enemy by using the fire power of its own weapons, until such time as the ene- my can be closed upon. In defensive combat the supporting arms assist the infantry in stopping enemy attack troops from reaching the supported infantry. The infantry uses all the means at its disposal for its defense and in case of a penetration, assumes a limited offensive in the form of count- erattacks to drive out the hostile troops. To accomplish the above tasks, the infantry has been armed with the weapons described herein. Material in this text is intended only for the purpose of acquainting students of these Schools with the general characteristics of weapons of the rifle battalion and their battlefield employment in brief. No attempt has been made to cover technical details involved in the firing, functioning, care and cleaning, or training. Organizational data is taken from Tables of Organiza- tion, Infantry Regiment, Marine Division, Approved 1 July, 1942. Vll : — U.S. Rifle, Cal. .30, M1903 1—3 SECTION 1 U.S. RIFLE, CAL. .30, M1903* 1. General.—The rifle with its bayonet is the infantry- man's main reliance. In spite of the addition of numerous auxiliary weapons to infantry units, the rifle is by far the most versatile weapon of the infantry soldier; it is primarily the weapon for frontal fire and for distributed fire. The individual soldier, with his own fire weapon, including his bay- onet, remains the basic element of infantry combat. 2. Essential Characteristics.—a. Description.—The U.S. Rifle, cal. .30, M1903, is a manually operated clip loaded, maga- zine fed, air-cooled shoulder weapon of the bolt type. Provision has been made for attaching a bayonet. This rifle is com- monly referred to as the Springfield Rifle. (See Fig. 1.) b. General data. Weights Rifle (without bayonet) (pounds) 8.69 Bayonet (pounds) 1 Length (without bayonet) (inches) 43 Average effective rate of fire (aimed shots per minute) 10 Sights graduated to (yards) 2,850 Maximum range: Ml cartridge (yards) 5,500 M2 cartridge (yards) 3,450 c. Loading.—The magazine of the rifle holds five car- tridges and one additional cartridge may be inserted in the chamber, making the maximum capacity of the rifle six shots for one loading. In order to facilitate loading, cartridges are issued in clips holding five cartridges each. d. Functioning.—Extraction, ejection, and loading are accomplished by manual operation of the bolt. The rifle fires once for each squeeze of the trigger. e. Rear sight.—The rear sight leaf is graduated from 100 to 2,850 yards, the proper range being set by moving the drift slide up or down the sight leaf. Windage adjustments are made by means of a knob on the right side of the rear sight. 3. Organization of Personnel. — a. Assignment. — The M1903 Rifle is a basic, individual weapon, and the rifleman himself is a complete fire unit. *The U.S. Rifle, Cal. .30, M1903A1 is essentially the same as the M1903 Rifle except that it has a pistol grip stock. U.S. Rifle, Cal. .30, M1903 3—5 b. Equipment.—Each rifleman armed with the M1903 Rifle carries one cartridge belt containing 40 rounds, and a bayonet and scabbard. 4. Ammunition Supply.—a. Allowance.—The unit of fire* is 100 rounds per rifle in an infantry battalion, proportioned as follows: 80 per cent ball, 15 per cent armor piercing, and 5 per cent tracer. b. Distribution.—Ammunition is distributed as fol- lows : 40 rounds carried on the rifleman and extra ammunition issued prior to combat.
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