La Madre Mountain Wilderness and Rainbow Mountain Wilderness

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La Madre Mountain Wilderness and Rainbow Mountain Wilderness FS LA MADRE MOUNTAIN WILDERNESS AND RAINBOW MOUNTAIN WILDERNESS Final Wilderness Management Plan and Environmental Assessment U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management Nevada State Office Southern Nevada District Office Red Rock/Sloan Field Office U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Intermountain Region Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest Spring Mountains National Recreation Area December 17, 2013 Cover photograph courtesy of Sendi Kalcic. La Madre Mountain Wilderness and Rainbow Mountain Wilderness Final Wilderness Management Plan and Environmental Assessment Prepared By: U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management Nevada State Office Southern Nevada District Office Red Rock/Sloan Field Office U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Intermountain Region Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest Spring Mountains National Recreation Area December 17, 2013 Page intentionally left blank i Table of Contents Wilderness Management Plan Wilderness Management Plan......................................................................................................... 1 Scope of the Wilderness Management Plan.................................................................................... 1 Wilderness Overview ...................................................................................................................... 2 Wilderness Characteristics ............................................................................................................ 13 Wilderness Management Goals and Objectives ........................................................................... 13 Current Situation and Assumptions .............................................................................................. 15 Management Strategy ................................................................................................................... 18 Wilderness Management Actions ................................................................................................. 19 Management and Designation of Trails .................................................................................... 20 Management of Vehicle Access Points and Designation of Trailheads ................................... 27 Sign Plan ................................................................................................................................... 28 General Recreation Activity and Visitor Use Management ..................................................... 30 Management of Cultural and Paleontological Resources ......................................................... 38 Management of Small-Scale Surface Disturbances .................................................................. 40 Management of Structures and Installations ............................................................................. 42 Management of Personal Property, Refuse, or Vandalism ....................................................... 43 Research .................................................................................................................................... 44 Environmental Education and Interpretation ............................................................................ 45 Management of Group and Commercial Services .................................................................... 45 Wildlife Management ............................................................................................................... 47 Management of Wild Horses and Burros ................................................................................. 50 Vegetation, Soil, and Water Management ................................................................................ 51 Noxious Weeds and Non-Native Invasive Species ................................................................... 53 Fire Management ...................................................................................................................... 55 Management of Aircraft ............................................................................................................ 59 Monitoring Program...................................................................................................................... 59 Plan Evaluation ............................................................................................................................. 60 Appendix A. BLM Wilderness Monitoring Program ................................................................... 62 Appendix B. Forest Service Wilderness Monitoring Program ..................................................... 65 Environmental Assessment Purpose and Need for Action ........................................................................................................ 75 Proposed Action and Alternatives ................................................................................................ 82 Wilderness Management Actions ............................................................................................... 162 Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences ......................................................... 103 Mandatory Items Analyzed ......................................................................................................... 103 Cumulative Impacts .................................................................................................................... 139 Mitigation and Monitoring .......................................................................................................... 144 Individuals, Organizations, or Agencies Consulted .................................................................... 144 List of Preparers .......................................................................................................................... 146 Acronyms and Abbreviations ..................................................................................................... 148 Glossary ...................................................................................................................................... 150 References ................................................................................................................................... 152 ii Appendix C. Public Comment and BLM/FS Response .............................................................. 154 Appendix D. Errata ..................................................................................................................... 162 List of Tables Table 1. Wilderness Management....................................................................................................3 Table 2. Resources/Concerns Considered for Analysis ...............................................................104 Table 3. Fire Management Units within the Wilderness areas ....................................................108 Table 4. Special Status and Sensitive Wildlife Species That Do or May Occur in the Planning Area ..............................................................................................................................................114 Table 5. Special Status and Sensitive Plant Species That Do or May Occur in the Planning Area .. ................................................................................................................................................119 Table 6. Vegetation Communities Present within the Wilderness areas .....................................123 List of Maps Map 1. Wilderness Overview ..........................................................................................................7 Map 2. Current Condition of La Madre Mountain Wilderness .......................................................9 Map 3. Current Condition of Rainbow Mountain Wilderness .......................................................11 Map 4. La Madre Mountain Wilderness New Designated Trails ..................................................25 Map 5. Rainbow Mountain Wilderness New Designated Trails….. .............................................26 Map 6. Overview of Planning Area ...............................................................................................67 Map 7. Rainbow Mountain Wilderness Alternative 3 Trails ........................................................ 85 Map 8. Fire Management Units and Fire History from 2000-2013 ............................................ 110 Map 9. Vegetation Communities in the Wilderness areas .......................................................... 125 iii Wilderness Management Plan Introduction In 1964 the United States Congress established the National Wilderness Preservation System through the Wilderness Act (Public Law 88-577; 16 U.S.C. 1131-1136). This law was created to “…assure that an increasing population, accompanied by expanding settlement and growing mechanization, does not occupy and modify all areas within the United States.” Wilderness designation is intended to preserve and protect certain lands in their natural state. Only Congress, with Presidential approval, may designate lands as wilderness. The Wilderness Act of 1964 defines wilderness characteristics, the uses of wilderness, and the activities prohibited within its boundaries. Wilderness areas provide a contrast to lands where human activities dominate the landscape. No buffer zones are created around wilderness to protect them from the influence of activities on adjacent land. Wilderness areas are managed for the use and enjoyment of the American
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