Index

A adenovirus, 485 AAAS gene, 346 adhesive small , 401 abdominal adolescent anatomy, 967 access, 118 adrenal haemorrhage, 131 colic, 486 adriamycin, 330 compartment syndrome (ACS), 147, 148, 156, 532 aerogram, 410 CT scanning, 144 aganglionosis, 453, 454 , 153 agranulocytosis, 98 child abuse, 218 air organ injury, 130, 143 embolism, 323 packing, 147 trapping, 301 trauma, 143, 159, 595, 818 airless abdomen, 336 wall defect, 14, 619, 621, 630 airway operative management, 622 foreign body, 206 wall expansion, 148 obstruction, 134, 263 wall silo, 623 Alagille’s syndrome, 540 abdominoperineal repair, 965 albendazole, 559 abdominoplasty, 646, 952 albumin, 320, 416 acalculous , 573 alimentary tract duplication, 423 acardius acephalus, 648 Allgrove’s syndrome, 346, 347 acetaminophen, 49 allograft, 202 acetylcholinesterase (AChE), 456, 461 alloresponse, 899 acetylcysteine, 420, 447 alpha fetoprotein (AFP), 621, 700, 701, 748, 749, 768 achalasia, 345 5-alpha reductase, 909 complications, 351 alveolar capillary dysplasia, 317 diagnosis, 347 alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (AaDO2), 318 immune-mediated, 346 amastia, 255, 257 , 346 ambiguous genitalia, 903, 908 management, 348 amblyopia, 663 acid-base balance, 32 amenorrhoea, 969 acidosis, 147, 318, 441, 867 amino acid, 80, 87 Acinetobacter, 932 aminoglycoside, 806 acquired asphyxiating chondrodystrophy, 247, 249 aminosalicylate, 523 acticoat, 199 amniocentesis, 11, 386 actinomycin-D, 723 amoebic , 560 acute amoxicillin, 597, 833, 837 hemiscrotum, 934 ampicillin, 800 lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 762 ampulla of Vater, 390, 412, 582 , 583, 584 amyloidosis, 346 management, 584 anaemia, 894 pyelonephritis (aPN), 812, 816 anaesthesia, 38 812, 816 respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), 58, 194 agents, 41 scrotum, 927 day-case, 49 adenoidectomy equipment, 41 anaesthesia, 47 extubation, 43 adenosine deaminase, 288 immunization, 51

973 974 Index anaesthesia (cont.) anti-Saccharomyces cervisiae antibody (ASCA), 522 induction, 41 antithrombin, 72 local, 48 anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG), 900 maintenance, 43 antrectomy, 358 monitoring, 44 aortic rupture, 138 post-operative care, 44 aortopexy, 272 pre-operative evaluation, 40 Aperts syndrome, 4, 224 preparation, 40 aplasia, 257, 460 recovery, 43 aponeurosis, 185, 503 regional, 48 appendectomy, 119, 120, 478, 479, 481, 483 reversal, 43 , 477, 559 risks, 35 diagnosis, 478 specifi c surgical conditions, 46 mortality, 483 anal incontinence, 883 operative techniques, 479 analgesia, 38 preschool children, 480 day-case, 50 mass, 482 post-operative, 48 aqueduct of Sylvius, 776 anaphylaxis, 692 arachnoid granulation, 776 anaplastic large cell lymphoma, 738, 741 Arnold-Chiari malformation, 771, 772 , 411, 412 arrheno-blastoma, 753 anastomotic arrhythmia, 44 leak, 337, 459 arterio-caval shunting, 146 stenosis, 337 arteriorrhaphy, 155 Anderson-Hynes pyelography, 843 arteriotomy, 319 androgen, 905 arteriovenous insensitivity syndrome, 905 fi stulae (AVF), 93, 897 receptor, 905 malformation, 669 sensitivity circulating substances (SHBG), 908 treatment, 670 anencephaly, 749, 766 shunting, 301 aneuploidy, 688 arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, 921 angiographic embolization, 155 artifi cial urinary sphincter (AUS), 888 angiomyolipoma, 816 aseptic meningitis, 791 angiotensive converting enzyme inhibitor Asopa-Duckett technique, 939 (ACE), 895 asphyxia, 208, 435 annular pancreas, 582 asphyxiating chondrodystrophy, 250 anoplasty, 471, 475 asphyxiation, 264 anorectal aspiration pneumonia, 331 anomaly, 463 asplenia, 96, 537, 597, 598 atresia, 330 association, 102 defect, 630 ataxia telangiectasia, 666 malformation, 883, 966 atelectasis, 252 manometry, 456 atracurium, 43 antacids, 358 atresia, 5, 267, 268, 383, 405, 416 antegrade atrial septal defect, 319, 330 colonic enema, 773 autograft, 202 continence automated peritoneal dialysis (APD), 896 enema, 451 autonomy, 109, 110 enterostomy (ACE), 640, 641 autosomal-dominant peristalsis, 486 disorder, 105 pyelography, 819, 842, 844 kidney disease, 558 antenatal autosomal-recessive disorder, 106, 768 diagnosis, 10 autosplenectomy, 597 hydronephrosis axonotmesis, 128 management of the fetus, 826 azathioprine, 900 management of the newborn, 827 antidiuretic hormone (ADH), 55 antiepileptic drug, 161 B antimicrobial therapy, 72 backwash , 518 anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), 906, 919 bacteremia, 72, 801, 806 antirefl ux bacterial operation, 371 abscess, 785 procedure, 342, 831 translocation, 515 Index 975

ventriculitis, 160 complications, 632 virulence, 66 instability, 877 Bacteriodes, 65 neck, 472 balanced chromosome rearrangement, 103 closure, 888 balanitis, 950 reconstruction, 633 xerotica obliterans (BXO), 945 outlet obstruction, 633, 800, 826, 852, balloon catheter, 373, 488 865, 871 barbiturate, 160 overactivity, 877 Bardet-Biedl syndrome, 959 overdistension, 873 barium prolapse, 632 enema, 398, 431, 455, 478, tumor, 817 487, 488 bleomycin, 692, 693, 760 meal, 366, 428 blind-loop syndrome, 391, 406, 411, 422 Barrett’s , 338–340 blood basal cell cross-matching, 99 carcinoma, 677 electrolytes, 906 nevus, 744 gas basilar skull fracture, 162 analysis, 311 basiliximab, 900 management, 60 B-cell lymphoma, 738 study, 30 Beck’s triad, 136 pressure Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, 6, 105, 591, 625, 626, monitoring, 44 709, 718, 729 product, 99 bell-clapper deformity, 928 bloody benign juvenile melanoma, 677 mucous diarrhoea, 518 bethametason, 226 nipple discharge, 259, 260 bifi d blue nevus, 676 phallus, 639 blue-rubber bleb nevus syndrome, 668 scrotum, 468, 469 blunt trauma, 133, 587 Bifi dobacteria, 437, 442 body bilateral composition, 76 cryptorchidism, 643 temperature, 29 nasal blockage, 224 water distribution, 53 duct injury, 149 bone length discrepancy, 174 biliary bone marrow, 89 atresia (BA), 33, 537, 604 haematopoeisis, 89 complications, 542 Borhaave’s syndrome, 353 diagnosis, 540 botulinum toxin, 461 management, 540 A, 886 splenic malformation (BASM), 537 achalasia, 349 dyskinesia, 573 bougienage, 210 hypoplasia, 540 bowel obstruction, 429 anastomosis, 530 bilious vomiting, 398 atresia, 407 bilirubin, 32, 509, 515, 539, 571 dysfunction, 701 biobrane, 202 edema, 148 bioethics, 109 hypoperistalsis, 623 birth defect injury, 144 causation, 4 perforation, 612, 621 counting, 6 bow-string phenomenon, 180, 183 epidemiology, 3 brachial plexus injury, 128 institutional series, 8 brachydactyly, 255 registry, 5 brain teratology, 4 injury, 164 birth trauma, 125 ischemia, 158 bladder stem augmentation, 641, 878, 886, 887 compression, 165 complications, 887 injury, 158 auto-augmentation, 887 branchial drainage, 871 cleft anomaly, 231 dysfunction, 793, 877, 881, 885 cyst exstrophy, 23, 629 embryology, 230 976 Index branchial (cont.) calcineurin inhibitor, 900 sinus calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), 920 embryology, 230 calcium phosphate metabolism, 894 breast callus formation, 167, 169 abscess, 259 campath 1-H, 531 atrophy, 257 canal of Nuck, 503 disease, 257 Candida, 441 hypertrophy, 258 cannulation, 319 malignant tumor, 261 capillary mass, 260 haemangioma, 793 breast-feeding, 86 malformation, 665 breathing system, 41 capnography, 45, 61 Bricker’s procedure, 889 caput succedaneum, 126 broad-spectrum antibiotics, 72 carbohydrate, 79 bronchial carbon agenesis, 274 dioxide, 118, 320 atresia, 274 elimination, 58 stenosis, 274 monoxide intoxication, 195 bronchiectasis, 298, 305 carboplatin, 760 bronchogenic cyst, 116, 273, 274, 278, 279, 303, 304 carboxyhaemoglobin, 194, 196 bronchomalacia, 272 carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), 749 bronchoplasty, 303 carcinoid tumor, 482 bronchopulmonary cardiac dysplasia (BPD), 272, 316 compression, 252 segment, 295 rupture, 137 sequestration (BPS), 13, 300 tamponade, 136 bronchoscopy, 235 trauma, 136 bruise, 214 cardiomyotomy, 350 Bruner incision, 182 cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), 240 Bryant’s traction, 632 Carney’s syndrome, 761 buckle fracture, 168, 174 Caroli’s disease, 558 Buck’s cartilage craft, 266 fascia, 939, 952 cartilaginous ring aplasia, 269 traction, 632 Casoni’s skin test, 559 Budd-Chiari syndrome, 564, 570 cast longuette, 183 budesonide, 520, 523 catalase, 66 Bugbee electrode, 873 catheter buried penis, 948, 949, 951 blockage, 897 buried-bumper syndrome, 377 malposition, 897 Burkitt-like lymphoma, 738 caudal parapagus twins, 654 Burkitt’s lymphoma, 737, 738, 741 caustic injury, 353, 356 burn, 191 cefotaxime, 322 area, 195 central child abuse, 215 airway injury, 194 depth, 195 nervous line infection, 514 major burn, 199 venous management access, 93 surgical excision, 201 catheter (CVC), 36 minor burn, 199 line (CVL), 83 rehabilitation, 203 pressure monitoring, 44 resuscitation, 196 cephalhaematoma, 126 transportation, 196 cephalosporin, 806 wound care, 198 cerebellar ataxia, 666 Busch fracture, 185 cerebral button battery esophagus, 210 blood fl ow, 160 buttonhole deformity, 187 palsy, 256, 885, 922 perfusion pressure (CPP), 159, 160, 166 cerebrospinal fl uid (CSF), 127, 775 C drainage, 160 caecostomy, 889 leaks, 784 café au lait spots, 674, 676 otorrhea, 162 Index 977

pathophysiology, 775 complications, 587 rhinorrhea, 162 diagnosis, 586 cervical management, 586 adenopathy, 278 renal disease lymph node biopsy, 279 growth, 895 cervicoplasty, 888 nutrition, 895 CFTR gene, 417 treatment-resistant Chagas’ disease, 345, 346 (CTRC), 445 Charcot’s triad, 733 chylopericardium, 691 CHARGE syndrome, 16, 223, 224 chylothorax, 283, 286–288, 290, 691 Chediak-Higashi syndrome, 744 chylous chest tube drainage, 118 , 691 chest wall fl uid, 287 deformation, 247 ciprofl oxacillin, 523 laceration, 140 ciprofl oxacine, 521 chest X-ray, 130 circular myotomy, 334 chevron incision, 700 circumcision, 802, 948, 949, 951 Chiari malformation, 266, 793 , 540, 541 child abuse, 213 cisplatin, 732 bites, 215 clam cystoplasty, 887 cutaneous injury, 214 clean intermittent catheterisation (CIC), 701, prevention, 218 769, 773, 883 sexual abuse, 218 cleft lip and palate, 106 chisel fracture, 185 clitoroplasty, 638 Chlamydia, 971 cloaca/cloacal, 465, 468, 473, 474 trachomatis, 932, 971 at the Muller’s tubercle, 864 chlorhexidine, 198 exstrophy, 473, 629, 635 choanal atresia, 23, 236 anatomy, 636 detection, 225 continence, 640 embryology, 223 operative management, 638 emergency treatment, 225 preoperative management, 637 surgical correction, 225 stoma, 640 cholangiocarcinoma, 555 membrane, 630 cholangiography, 576 Clostridia, 437 cholangitis, 542, 558, 733 CMV infection, 901 cholecystectomy, 84, 575, 577, 599, 601 coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, complications, 578 86, 932 , 574 coagulation abnormality, 33 cholecystokinin (CCK), 84, 573 coagulopathy, 147, 160 choledochal cyst, 545, 559 coarctation, 330 complications, 554 coccygeal pit, 791 cystic type, 547 Cohen technique, 859 diagnosis, 547 coins in the esophagus, 210 fusiform type, 547 colectomy, 524, 669 management, 549 , 523 choledocholithiasis, 576 colon/colonic cholelithiasis, 558, 559, 572, 573, 599 affecting mucosa, 517 , 82, 83, 515, 539 bleeding, 519 parenteral nutrition-related, 84 duplication, 431 cholesterol manometry, 450 leakage, 791 transit time, 448 stone formation, 572 colonoscopy, 518 cholestyramine, 511 colostogram, 473 chordee, 938 colostomy, 459, 467, 470, 640, 966 correction, 938 colposcopy, 219 chorionic villous sampling (CVS), 11 combined eponymous vascular malformation, 670 chromosomal anomaly, 625 common chromosome disorder, 103 , 576 chronic hepatic duct excision, 550 , 562 commotio cordis, 136, 137 pancreatitis, 585 competence window, 5 978 Index complete continuous positive airway pressure androgen insensitivity (CAIS), 910 (CPAP), 266 tracheal ring, 269 Cooper ligament, 503 computerized tomography Cornelia-de-Lange syndrome, 363 abdominal injury, 144 corporoplasty, 937 congenital corpus adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), 761, 904, 971 cavernosum, 937 airway malformation, 263 spongiosum, 936 alveolar proteinosis, 317 corticosteroid, 519, 663 anomaly, 101 CPAM, see congenital pulmonary airway diagnosis, 102 malformation chylothorax, 289 CPAP, see continuous positive airway pressure cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM), 13 cranial injury, 126, 127 cystic pulmonary lesion, 298 craniectomy, 161 diaphragmatic (CDH), 12, 24, 31, 57, 307, 315, 396 craniopagus, 648, 650 anaesthesia, 46 craniorachischisis, 768 management, 309 craniotomy, 162, 165 ectodermal dysplasia, 257 C-reactive protein (CRP), 71 eventration of diaphragm, 312 Credé maneuver, 886 heart disease, 31 cricothyroidotomy, 134, 239 hemangioma, 660 Crohn’s disease, 518, 519, 521, 572 high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS), 267 diagnosis, 522 hydrocele, see there endoscopy, 522 hydrothorax, 289 medical management, 523 lobar emphysema (CLE), 301, 305 surgical management, 523 anaesthesia, 47 Vienna classifi cation, 521 lung cyst, 303, 309 cryoprecipitate, 99 malformation, 10 cryptorchidism, 643, 714, 865, 921, 923, 925, 927, of the lung, 293 936, 937, 953 melanocytic nevus (CMN), 674, 675, 682, 683 crystal ingestion, 357 nephrotic syndrome, 898 cubitus valgus, 176 nevus Cullen’s sign, 584 curettage, 678 Curarino syndrome, 884 dermabrasion, 678 cutaneous laser treatment, 678 injury, 214 methods of excision, 679 pyelostomy, 836 obstructing posterior urethral membrane cutis marmorata, 666 (COPUM), 864 telangiectatica congenital, 666 pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM), 294, 304 cyclophosphamide, 723 macrocystic, 302 cyclosporin, 610 rubella syndrome, 3 cystadenocarcinoma, 591 teratoma, 235 cystectomy, 724, 889 testes, 919 cysteine taurine, 81 uterovaginal anomaly, 969 cyst-gastrostomy, 577 vascular malformation, 665 cystic congestive heart failure, 670 biliary atresia, 538 conjoined twinning, 647 duplication, 494 ethical issues, 649 treatment, 430 imaging, 649 fi brosis (CF), 106, 406, 415, 418, 422, mortality, 652 490, 573 technical issues of separation, 650 hygroma, 235, 279, 666, 687 connatal malformation, 479 kidney disease, 711 connexus intertendinei, 188 lung disease, 309 constant positive airway pressure (CPAP), 59 lung lesion, 13 constipation, 445, 459, 485 teratoma, 559, 971 complications, 451 cystitis, 799, 806 diagnosis, 447 cystoduodenostomy, 429 treatment, 450 cystoscopy, 474, 873 continent cystourethrogram, 389 appendicostomy, 475 cytokine, 69 nipple valve, 640 cytomegalovirus (CMV), 531, 595, continued ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, 896 610, 613 Index 979

D distal dacluzimab, 900 chimney enterostomy, 421 dancing eye syndrome, 706 Dandy-Walker cyst formation, 661, 770 excision, 550 Dartos fascia, 937, 948 diuretic renography, 812, 813, 828, 829 decannulation, 243, 323 diverticulectomy, 494 deceleration injury, 154 , 493 decompressing-feeding gastrostomy, 370 DMSA scan, 858 decompression DNA ploidy, 705 craniectomy, 161 Doederlein’s bacilli, 958 escharotomy, 200 Donnai-Barrow syndrome, 308 gastrostomy, 370 Dor fundoplication, 350, 351 deep dermal burn, 192 double bubble sign, 16, 385, 386, 398 Defl ux injection, 850 double colon, 431 deformation, 102 double-horn anomaly, 495 defunctionalized bladder, 876 Down’s syndrome, 4, 103, 104, 265, 346, 384, 385, 391, 454, 460, 468 dehydration, 54 doxorubicin, 732 delayed hemorrhage, 146, 155 drooping lily sign, 849 Démodé cyst, 791 DSD, see disorder of sexual development Denis-Drash syndrome, 709, 714, 898 duct depressed of Luschka, 579 bone fracture, 162 of Santorini, 582 skull fracture, 161, 166 ductal adenocarcinoma, 591 dermal sinus, 790, 791 dudenojejunostomy, 119 dermoid cyst, 231, 971 dumb-bell tumor, 279 desalination, 56 , 86, 87, 343 desfl urane, 42 duodenal detrusor atresia, 5, 16, 119, 383, 582 hyperrefl exia, 793 duplication, treatment, 429 hypertrophy, 877 hematoma, 150 sphincter dyssynergia (DSD), 793, 882 injury, 149 diaphragm/diaphragmatic obstruction (DO), 383, 396 eventration, 312 complications, 390 hernia, 30, 117, 612 diagnosis, 386 ECMO, 31 management, 389 injury, 138 postoperative care, 390 paresis, 612 prenatal diagnosis, 385 plication, 312 duodenoduodenostomy, 389 diaphyseal fracture, 168 diamond-shaped, 390 external fi xator, 172 duodenogastro-esophageal refl ux, 390 diastematomyelia, 791 duodenoplasty, 390, 412 diazepan, 40 duplication diethyenetriamine pentaacetic acid cyst, 430 (DTPA), 830 of the alimentary tract, 423 diffuse of the , 429 axonal injury, 166 dynamic renography, 812 large B-cell lymphoma, 741 dysgenetic testicle, 909 skeletal disorder, 256 dysgerminoma, 752, 762, 909 DiGeorgi syndrome, 105, 224 dysmotility syndrome, 528 dilatation of caustic strictures, 358 dysphagia, 231, 282, 341, 342, 347, 351 dilated dysplasia, 102, 770, 853, 894 bowel, 15 dysplastic tumor, 294 calyces, 841 dysraphic lesion, 791 dimercaptosuccine, 646 dystocia, 698 acid (DMSA), 560 dysuria, 933 dipeptide, 87 disappearing bone disease, 667 disequilibrium syndrome, 898 E disorder of sexual development (DSD), 905, 938 ecchymosis, 662 disruption, 102 Echinococcus, 286 disseminated intravascular coagulopathy granulosus, 558 (DIC), 95 multilocularis, 558 980 Index echocardiography, 270 complication of tube feeding, 87 ECMO, see extracorporal membrane oxygenation selection, 86 ectoderm, 425 enteric nervous system (ENS), 454 ectopia, 921 Enterobacteriaceae, 437 cordis, 248, 256 Enterococcus, 442 ectopic , 441, 454, 455, 458 bronchus, 272 Hirschsprung-associated, 459 pancreatic tissue, 583 enterocyte, 417 thyroid gland, 231 enterogenous cyst, 282 ureter, 835, 852 enterostomy, 510 ureterocele, 826, 836 tube, 86 Edward’s syndrome, 4, 103, 105 eosinophilic , 266 Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, 247, 251 epidermoid cyst, 758, 760 elastic-stable intramedullar nailing (ESIN), 170 epididymal elbow deformation, 175 cyst, 756 electrical injury, 192 orchitis, 932 electrolyte, 53 epididymitis, 852, 927, 932, 933 loss, 54 epididymo-orchitis, 853 solution, 56 epidural electrolyte-free water (EFW), 54, 55 haemorrhage, 128 elephant trunk deformity, 636 hematoma, 161, 163 embryonal adenosarcoma, 709 epigastric hernia, 505 embryonic diverticulum, 425 epiglottoplasty, 264 emergency thoracotomy, 136 epinephrine, 377 empyema, 117, 285, 286, 290 epiphyseal injury, 131, 168 encephalocele, 765, 766, 770, 772 epispadia, 629, 633 encephalopathy, 236, 563, 569 epitenon, 180 enchondroma, 671 epithelial tumor, 753 end stage renal disease (ESRD), 878 Epstein-Barr virus, 286, 531, 595, 610, 613, 901 endocrine Erb’s palsy, 128 disrupters, 4 ERCP, see endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography pancreas tumor, 591 error disclosure, 113 endoderm, 425 erythromycin, 597 endodermal sinus tumor, 752 escharotomy, 200 endogenous catheter infection, 515 Escherichia coli, 65, 800–802, 932 endoscopic esophageal injection sclerotherapy (EIS), 566 atresia, 16, 23, 117, 272 retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP), 149, 272, complications, 337 540, 548, 576, 583 management, 333 third ventriculostomy (ETV), 781 risk classifi cation, 333 complications, 784 anaesthesia, 46 indications, 782 bronchus, 272 technique, 782 duplication, 426 variceal ligation (EVL), 566 injury endosomes, 66 diagnosis, 357 endothelium (E) selectin, 67 fi rst aid measures, 357 endotoxin, 67 manometry, 348 endotracheal tube (ET), 41, 57, 237, 270 perforation, 351, 353 humidifi cation, 63 management, 355 suctioning, 62 rupture, 138 endoureterotomy, 847 varice, 566 end-stage renal disease (ESRD), 893 esophagitis, 340 fl uid requirement, 894 esophagogastrectomy, 358 end-tidal CO2 monitoring, 61 esophagography, 333 energy esophagostomy, 356 expenditure, 77 esophago-tracheal fi stula, 330 metabolism, 76 esophagus enfl urane, 42 caustic , 356 Entamoeba histolytica infection, 560 congenital atresia, 329 enteral feeding, 85 ESRD, see end-stage renal disease administration, 87 Ethiblock, 694 Index 981

EUROCAT, 5, 6 fat eventration of the diaphragm, 312 overload syndrome, 82 eviscerated bowel, 620 utilisation, 79 Ewing’s sarcoma, 722 fecal incontinence, 475 ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT), 28, 268, 689 feeding excretory urogram, 828 gastrostomy, 370 exit site infection, 897 jejunostomy, 150 exocrine tube, 86 dysfunction, 422 stoma, 380 insuffi ciency, 587 feminizing genitoplasty, 911, 916 pancreas tumor, 591 , 503 exomphalos, 6, 14, 396, 406 fentanyl, 322 anaesthesia, 46 fertility, 879, 937 exsanguinating trauma, 147 fetal exstrophia splanchnica, 635 blood sampling (FBS), 12 exstrophy, 473 echocardiography, 11 bladder, 631 hydrops, 297 management, 631 hydrothorax, 289, 291 exstrophy-epispadia complex, 630 intervention with tracheal occlusion (FETO), 13 extensor fetus in fetu, 648 aponeurosis, 184, 186 fi beroptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES), 264 tendon, 184 fi broadenoma, 260 external fi brosarcoma, 261 fi xator, 171 fi brosing colonopathy, 422 oblique aponeurosis, 500, 503 fi brous cord, 492 ventricular drain (EVD), 778 Fitz-Hughes-Curtis syndrome, 971 extracellular fl uid (ECF), 53 fl accid bladder, 793 extracorporal fl ail chest, 135 life support registry (ELSO), 30 fl ap vaginoplasty, 913 membrane oxygenation (ECMO), 13, 24, 30, 315 fl at bottom, 468 catheters, 322 fl exor tendon, 179 complications, 323 informative dialogue, 181 decannulation, 322 surgical management, 181 medical management, 322 fl uid, 78 patient selection, 315 homeostasis, 54 pump management, 320 perioperative management, 56 respiratory management, 321 requirement, 34 results, 324 fl uorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), 12 volume management, 321 fl uorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH), 11, 104 weaning, 322 5-fl uorouracil, 732 shockwave lithotripsy, 575 focal support, 318 intestinal perforation (FIP), 440 extracranial haematoma, 126 nodular hyperplasia, 735 extragonadal teratoma, 697 focused abdominal sonography for trauma extra-hepatic biliary obstruction, 33 (FAST), 143, 144 extralobar sequestration, 300 foetal vesicoamniotic shunt, 645 extravaginal torsion, 928 Fogarty extremity nevus, 684 balloon, 913 catheter, 116, 208 Foley F balloon, 372 facial catheter, 148, 210, 373, 471, 488, 873, 962 nerve injury, 129 foramen nevus, 680 of Bochdaleck, 307 factor IX defi ciency, 91 of Luschka, 776 faecal impaction, 448 of Magendie, 776 Fallopian tubes, 960 of Monroe, 776, 778, 782 fascia of Scarpa, 500, 503 forearm plaster, 183 fascial excision, 201 foregut fasting, 50 duplication, 423, 426 guidelines, 51 dysmotility, 371 982 Index foreign body , 54, 441, 485 bronchial, 207 gastroesophageal refl ux disease (GERD), 266, 312, 338, 339, esophageal, 209 351, 366, 371 genitourinary, 211 diagnosis, 340 in the ear canal, 206 etiology, 340 in the nose, 206 gastrostomy, 343 in the throat, 206 pathophysiology, 340 laryngeal, 207 treatment, 341 of the aero-digestive tract, 205 gastrografi n, 420 sub-diaphragmatic, 211 enema, 418, 457 tracheal, 207 gastrointestinal forme fruste choledochal cyst (FFCC), 545, 547 injury formula feeding, 437 imaging, 153 Fowler-Stephens operation, 925 tract duplication, 423 fracture transit, 449 healing, 167 gastrojejunostomy, 150, 151, 358, 530 of clavicle, 131 gastroschisis, 4, 5, 8, 15, 78, 406, 407, 412, 619, of humerus and femur, 131 620, 749 osteosynthesis, 170 anaesthesia, 46 reduction, 170 body temperature, 29 repair complications, 623 complication, 173 transfer, 22 Frantz tumour, 591 gastrosplenic ligament, 594 frozen plasma, 99 gastrostomy, 119, 151, 335, 343, 356, 369, 422 Fryns syndrome, 308 catheter change, 377 fulminant colitis, 519 catheter insertion, 374 functional choice of access device, 373 faecal retention (FFR), 446 closure, 378 immaturity, 420 complications, 377 residual capacity (FRC), 60 indications, 370 fundoplication, 119 postoperative care, 377 furosemide, 814, 842 Stamm technique, 371 tube, 86 placement, 267 G Witzel technique, 371 galactorrhea, 259, 753 Gaucher’s disease, 595 gallbladder gender dysphoria, 911 disease, 571 genetic mucosa, 547 diagnosis, 12 , 573, 575 disorder, 101 sludge, 83 genital , 84 defect, 631 diagnosis, 573 genitography, 908 formation, 572 gentamicin, 322, 700 management, 575 genu valgum, 176 pancreatitis, 577 GERD, see gastroesophageal refl ux ganglioneuroblastoma, 704 disease ganglioneuroma, 704, 706 germ cell tumor, 752, 755 gapping fracture, 176 germinal matrix, 784 Gardner’s syndrome, 729 GIA stapler, 411 gas-bloat syndrome, 343 giant gastrectomy, 428 diverticulum, 870 gastric nevus of the trunk, 682 acidity, 436 Gillick competence, 35 duplication, 427 glanuloplasty, 939 treatment, 428 Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), 157 feeding, 86 glomerular fi ltration rate (GFR), 34, 826, 892 hyperchlorhydria, 511 glomerulonephritis, 816 outlet obstruction, 388, 428 glomerulopathy, 894 tube placement, 151 glomerulosclerosis, 867 , 388 glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2), 509 Gastrin, 509 glucose, 79 Index 983 glutamine, 81, 510 stem cell, 661 glycoprotein, 748 treatment, 663 gonadal hematocele, 929 development, 905 hematocolpos, 958, 969 dysgenesis, 910 hematologic disease, 596 stromal tumor, 760 hematoma, 158, 164, 696, 929 treatment, 909 hematometrocolpos, 958 gonadectomy, 911 hematothorax, 287 gonadoblastoma, 761, 909 hematotympanum, 162 gonadotropin, 971 hematuria, 154, 869 gonocyte, 923 hematuria/haematuria, 816, 887 gonorrhea, 968 hemibladder, 638 Gorham-Stout syndrome, 291, 667 hemidiaphragm, 117, 312 Gorlin syndrome, 744 hemihypertrophy, 709 graft versus host disease (GVHD), 528, 532 hemi-liver graft, 608 granulation tissue, 241 heminephrectomy, 714, 836, 850, 852 granulocytopenia, 440 hemiscrotum, 928, 931 great vessel injury, 138 hemithorax, 135 greenstick fracture, 168, 174, 176 hemivagina, 473 Grey-Turner sign, 584 hemodialysis/haemodialysis, 897 gross hematuria, 154 complications, 898 growth hemolytic/haemolytic arrest, 173 disease, 572 disturbance, 173 uraemic syndrome, 816 gubernaculum, 920 hemorrhage/hemorrhagic, 493 gunshot wound, 163 brain injury, 144 gynecomastia, 258, 761 cystitis, 816 gypoplasia, 460 tracheostomy, 240 hemostasis/haemostasis, 202 mechanism, 90 H hemothorax, 133, 136, 140, 286 haemangioma, 699 Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP), 486, 490 haematemesis, 427 Hensen’s node, 697 haematopoeisis, 89 heparin, 322 haematopoietic stem cell (HSC), 90 infusion, 322 haemoglobin Escherichia coli , 85 heparinization, 316 haemophilia hepatectomy, 728 A, 91 hepatic B, 93 abscess, 559 haemophylus infl uenzae empyema, 286 artery thrombosis, 611 haemoptysis, 427 cyst, 557 Hagar dilator, 700 dysfunction, 515 halothane, 42 fi brosis, 558 hamartoma, 673, 677 gluconeogenesis, 77 hamartomatous mass, 728 polyp, 631 tumor, 727 tumor, 294 TNM staging, 732 hammer-fi nger deformity, 186 venous outfl ow obstruction, 612 hand inspection, 181 hepaticojejunostomy, 554 Hashimoto thyroiditis, 258 anastomosis, 553 head hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid scan (HIDA), 574 injury, 157 hepatoblastoma, 728, 729 mass lesions, 163 clinical fi ndings, 730 trauma, 126 imaging, 730 focal contusions, 166 hepatocellular head and neck tumor, 718 adenoma, 735 Heller myotomy, 350–352 carcinoma, 729, 732 hemangioblastoma, 734 clinical fi ndings, 733 hemangioendothelioma, 559, 734 treatment, 733 hemangioma, 659, 734 hepatoma, 732 clincial course, 660 hepatomegaly, 705, 707, 734 laser therapy, 664 hepatopulmonary syndrome, 543, 604 984 Index hepatosplenomegaly, 84 hydrostatic reduction, 488 hepatotropic cholangiopathic virus, 538 hydrotherapy, 196 herald bleed, 240 hydrothorax, 286, 290 hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, 666 hydroureter, 960 hernia, 310, 497, 756, 897 hydroureteronephrosis, 827, 835 sac, 120, 498, 500, 505 hymenectomy, 963 herniation syndrome, 158 hymenotomy, 963 herniotomy, anaesthesia, 47 hyperalimentation, 322 heteropagus parasitic twin, 648 hyperamylaseaemia, 587 high frequency oscillatory ventilation hyperbilirubinemia, 32, 364 (HFOV), 13 hypercapnia, 118 high pressure distal colostogram, 471, 474 hypercarbia, 318 high voiding pressure, 877 hyperextension injury, 185 high-frequency hyperglycemia, 32, 72, 82 jet ventilation (HFJV), 60 hyperinsulism, 588, 589 oscillatory ventilation (HFOV), 60, 310 hyperkalemia, 894 ventilation (HFV), 60 hyperlipaseaemia, 587 Hirschsprung’s disease, 16, 104, 105, 406, 410, 416, hyperparistalsis, 16 418–420, 445, 449, 453, 966 hyperreninemia, 895 anorectal manometry, 456 hyperspun platelet, 322 complications, 458 hypertension, 155, 895 diagnosis, 454 hypertensive encephalopathy, 895 management, 458 hyperthermia, 30 pull-through, 119 hypertonic meal, 509 radiological diagnosis, 455 hypertrophic histamine-2 receptor antagonist (H2RA), 341 circular muscle, 363 histoplasmosis, 281 Peyer’s patches, 489 HIV infection, 803 , 428 Hodgkin’s lymphoma/disease, 596, 602, 737, 741 pyloris, 365 staging classifi cation, 743 hypoalbuminemia, 667 holoprosencephaly, 104 hypocalcaemia, 32 Horner’s syndrome, 129, 278 hypochlorus acid (HOCI), 68 horseshoe kidney, 713 hypocitraturia, 887 Howell Jolly bodies, 96, 97 hypocompliant bladder, 878 H-type fi stula, 335 hypodysplasia, 813 Huber needle, 37 hypoestrogenism, 258 human hypoganglionosis, 460, 461 chorionic gonadotropin (b-HCG), 748, 756 hypoglossal nerve palsy, 231 leukocytes antigen (HLA), 899 hypoglycaemia, 32, 82, 588, 589 humidifi cation, 62 hypogonadism, 259 hydatid disease, 557, 558 hypomagnesemia, 32 hydramnios, 289, 291 hyponatremia, 55, 56, 197, 835 hydrocele, 408, 499, 503, 711, 756, 897, 929 hypoplasia, 257, 892 hydrocephalus, 770, 772, 775 of the hemiscrotum, 923 diagnosis of imaging, 776 hypoplastic shunt insertion, 779 lung, 310, 311 treatment, 778 urethral plate, 937 hydrocolpos, 969 hypoproteinemia, 291 hydrogen peroxide, 68 hypospadia, 714, 916, 935 hydrometrocolpos, 957, 959 complications, 945 antenatal diagnosis, 959 foreskin reconstruction, 939 classifi cation, 958 management, 938 drainage procedure, 962 hyposplenism, 96 management, 961 hypothalamic disorder, 921 morbidity, 966 hypothermia, 20, 22, 147, 161, 200 hydronephrosis, 17, 153, 634, 711, 720, 800, 810, 812, 839, hypothyroidism, 259 867, 960 hypotonic meal, 509 prenatal, 825 hypovolemia, 320 hydronephrotic kidney, 154 hypovolemic shock, 162, 418, 420, 493 hydrops, 289, 573 hypoxemia, 158 fetalis, 13, 291 hypoxia, 45, 318, 435 Index 985

I integrin, 66 ICP monitoring, 160 intensive care management, 160 idiopathic intercellular molecule (ICAM-1), 539 aqueduct stenosis, 783 interferon (IFN) constipation, 445 IFN-α, 664 ileal IFN-γ, 67 anastomosis, 421 interleukin (IL) brake, 509 IL-1, 67 ulcer, 522 IL-6, 71 ileoanal anastomosis, 520, 524 internal ileocolic intussusception, 490 anal sphincter achalasia (IASA), 461 ileostomy, 421, 520 sphincter achalasia, 460 double-barreled, 421 International Neuroblastoma Staging System (INSS), 705 ileovesical fi stula, 635 intersex disorder, 903 resection, 509 interstitial cell of Cajal (ICC), 346, 447 immature intestinal barrier, 436 intestinal immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), 94, 596 adaptation, 509 immune tolerance therapy (ITT), 93 atresia, 15, 405, 412 immunoglobulin, 69, 71 treatment, 410 A (IgA), 66 dysmotility, 401 immunoreactive trypsin level (IRT), 419 failure, 527, 528 impaired fertility, 879 associated liver disease (IFALD), 528 imperforate infarction, 401 anus, 119, 465, 468, 469 lengthening hymen, 969 Bianchi’s method, 513 implantable shunt, 778 malrotation, 393, 396 complications, 780 complications, 401 in vitro fertilisation, 4 radiological diagnosis, 398 incontinence, 877 treatment, 399 increased intracranial pressure, 160 neuronal dysplasia (IND), 450, 460 indeterminate colitis, 519 obstruction, 24, 493, 494 infant mortality, 3 anaesthesia, 46 infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS), 363 perforation, 532 barium meal study, 366 stenosis, 405 diagnosis, 364 stricture, 443 management, 366 transplantation (TPX), 513, 527 pyloromyotomy, 367 living-related, 529 inferior vena cava thrombosis, 612 trauma, 153 infl ammatory bowel disease, 517 intra-abdominal complications, 521 abscess, 481 infl iximab, 531 hypertension, 148 informed consent, 110, 111 injury, 153 infraglottic airway injury, 194 intracellular inguinal adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), 67 hernia, 497, 498 fl uid (ICF), 53 complications, 502 intracerebral diagnosis, 498 hematoma (ICH), 165 incarceration, 498 hemorrhage, 324 laparoscopic repair, 502 intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), 127, 316, 317 management, 499 intradural lipoma, 884 postoperative apnoea, 499 intra-hepatic bile duct (IHBD), 547 repair, 120 dilatation, 550 herniotomy, 500, 502 intrauterine bowel perforation, 409 inhalational intravaginal torsion, 928 agent, 42 intravenous injury, 196 agent, 42 inhaled nitric oxide (iNO), 30 pyelogram (IVP), 154, 849 injection sclerotherapy, 566 urography (IVU), 811, 844, 961 inspissated bile syndrome, 515, 540 intraventricular Institutional Review Board (TRB), 113 haemorrhage (IVH), 33, 784 insulin-like factor-1 (IGF-1), 509 obstructive hydrocephalus, 782 986 Index intubation management, 61 Kupffer cell, 539 intussusception, 401, 479, 485 kyphoscoliosis, 256 laparoscopic reduction, 490 operative reduction, 489 recurrence, 489 L treatment, 487 labial invasive pneumococcal disease, 597 adhesion, 968 ischiopagus, 648, 651 fusion, 968 tetrapagus twins, 653 labioplasty, 915 islet cell hyperplasia, 589 lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), 704, 749 isofl urane, 42 Lactobacillus, 437, 442 isolated esophageal atresia, 336 Ladd’s isosexual precocious puberty, 761 bands, 394, 397, 400 procedure, 119, 399 Landmeer ligament, 184 J laparoscopic Jackson’s burn model, 192 appendectomy, 480 Jarcho-Levin syndrome, 256 colonic biopsy, 449 jejuno-ileal gastrostomy, 376 atresia, 389, 405, 420 laparoscopy in trauma, 145 classifi cation, 406 laparotomy, 489, 501 diagnosis, 407 large congenital melanocytic nevus, 675 postoperative care, 413 laryngeal surgical procedure, 411 atresia, 235 stenosis, 389 cleft, 224 jejuno-jejunostomy, 530, 553 laryngo-bronchoscopy, 208 jejunostomy, 151, 369, 378 laryngomalacia, 224, 236, 264, 266 catheter placement, 379 laryngoplasty, 243 complications, 380 laryngoscope, 41 feeding stomas, 380 laryngotracheo malacia, 235 indications, 379 lateral condylar fracture, 175 postoperative care, 380 lateral neck cyst, 232 Rehbein technique, 379 laxative, 451 tube, 87 l-carnitin, 80 resection, 509 Lengemann suture, 185–187 Jeune’s syndrome, 256 leptomeningeal cyst, 162 J-pouch, 520 leptomeninges, 673, 676 justice, 109 leukemia, 762 juvenile granulosa tumor, 753, 760 leukocyte esterase, 803 Leydig cells, 905, 919, 935 Leydig-cell tumor, 760, 761 K life-sustaining treatment, 111 K antigen, 802 Li-Fraumeni syndrome, 718 kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE), 662, 664 ligament of Treitz, 380, 394, 412 Kasabach-Merrit syndrome (KMS), 94, 662 lignocaine, 42 Kasai portoenterostomy, 541 linea alba defect, 506 keratinocyte, 675 lipid utilisation test, 79 ketamine, 42 lipogenesis, 79 kidney lipoma, 793, 884 stone formation, 509 lipomeningocele, 640, 884 tumor, 817 lipomyelomeningocele, 769 Kirchmayr-Zechner suture, 182 lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 67 Kirschner-wire (K-wire) osteosynthesis, 170, 176 lithotripsy, 817 Klebsiella, 65 liver Kleinert plaster, 183 abscess, 557 Klinefelter’s syndrome, 105, 259 biopsy, 606 Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome, 665, 670, 671 cyst, 557 Klumpke’s paralysis, 129 non-parasitic, 735 Kogan’s reduction clitoroplasty, 911 simple non-neoplastic cyst, 557 Kostman’s syndrome, 98 cystic neoplasms, 559 Kropp tube, 888 failure, 604 Index 987

injury, 145 lymphoblastic surgical anatomy, 728 non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, 261 transplantation, 570, 603, 728, 733 precursor T- and B-cell lymphoma, 738 acute rejection, 612 lymphocyte, 68, 86 anti-infection agent, 610 lymphocytopenia, 291 chronic graft , 613 lymphoma, 280, 691, 737 chronic rejection, 613 lyposarcoma, 261 cytomegalovirus infection, 613 donor operation, 606 Epstein-Barr virus, 613 M graft ischaemia, 611 macrocheilia, 667 immunosuppression, 610 macroglossia, 667 , 612 macromala, 667 late acute cellular rejection, 613 macromastia, 258 living related donors, 608 macrophage, 68, 86 portal vein thrombosis, 611 macrosomia, 126, 127 post-tranplant lymphoproliferative syndrome, 612, 613 macrotia, 667 post-transplant management, 609 Maffucci’s syndrome, 671, 744 pre-transplant assessment, 605 magnetic resonance recipient operation, 606 cholangio-pancreatography (MRCP), 151, 429, 540, 548 renal impairment, 614 imaging (MRI), 12 re-transplantation, 614 urography (MRU), 811 surgical complication, 610 MAGPI procedure, 939, 940 tumor, 727 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II livido reticularis, 666 molecule, 68 lobar emphysema, 274 male pseudohermaphroditism, 905 lobectomy, 298, 305 Malecot catheter, 373 long bone fracture, 131 malformation, 102 long common channel theory, 546 genetic approach, 101 long-chain triglyceride (LCT), 80 malignant germ cell tumor, 752, 971 loop mallet fi nger, 184 colostomy, 471 Malpighian corpuscle, 594 ileostomy, 520 malrotation, 119, 387, 393 loperamide, 520 incomplete rotation, 394 Louis-Bar syndrome, 666 non-rotation, 394 low birth weight (LBW), 29 mannitol, 160 lower midline syndrome, 624 mannose-binding lectin (MBL), 69 lower urinary tract obstruction, 17 manometry, 348 lumbotomy incision, 843 Marfan’s syndrome, 247, 251 lumen-meconium , 410 mastectomy, 260 lung mastitis, 259 biopsy, 116 maternal mirror syndrome, 698 development, 867 Mathieu procedure, 942 resection, 116 mature cystic teratoma (MCT), 752 luteinizing hormone (LH), 748 Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome, 970 lymph node McCune-Albright syndrome, 744 abscess, 231 McGovern nipple, 225 dissection, 724 McKusick-Kaufman syndrome, 958, 960 lymphadenitis, 499 meatitis, 953 lymphadenopathy, 531 meatus stenosis, 945 lymphangiectasia, 687 mebendazole, 559 lymphangiography, 667 Meckel’s diverticulum, 489, 491–493, 583 lymphangioma, 666 management, 494 lymphangiomatosis, 286, 287, 290, 291 meconial pseudocyst, 415 lymphatic meconium hypoplasia, 670 aspiration syndrome (MAS), 31, 315 malformation, 666, 687, 688 ileus, 406, 415, 420, 457 complications, 696 diagnosis, 419 prenatal diagnosis, 688 incidence, 416 surgical management, 694 prenatal ultrasound, 419 lymphedema, 670, 687 treatment, 420 988 Index meconium (cont.) micturation pressure, 886 peritonitis, 415 midazolam, 40, 49, 322 plug syndrome, 410, 416, 419, 420 midgut volvulus, 119, 393, 397, 400 pseudocyst, 408 mild head trauma, 158 medial malleolus fracture, 176 Milroy disease, 667 mediastinal minimally invasive surgery (MIS), 115 cyst, 116 miscarriage, 7 Hodgkin’s disease, 278 mitomycin C, 225 lymphadenopathy, 301 Mitrofanoff principle, 886 mass, 277 mivacurium, 43 neuroblastoma, 281 mixed germ cell tumor, 759 operative technique, 283 mixed gonadal dysgenesis (MGD), 909 medium chain triglyceride (MCT), 80 Mogen clamp, 952 megacalycosis, 814 Mongolian spot, 674, 677, 678 megacystis, 865 monocyte chemotactic protein 1 megaureter syndrome, 837 (MCP-1), 67 microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome monocyte-macrophage, 68 (MMIHS), 461 Monteggia’s fracture, 174 megaduodenum, 391 morning sickness, 5 megakaryopoiesis, 91 morphine, 48 megaureter, 834, 843 MRCP, see magnetic resonance cholangio- Meige disease, 667 pancreatography Meissner’s corpuscles, 676 mucoid leukorrhea, 958 melaena, 428 mucoprotein, 416 melanoblast, 675 mucosectomy, 520, 549, 669 melanocyte, 677 Muir-Torre syndrome, 744 melanocytic nevus, 683 Mullerian melanoma, 675, 686 agenesis, 970 membrane oxygenator, 320 duct, 933, 961 meningitis, 785 dysgenesis syndrome, 959 meningocele, 699, 766, 767, 769, 795 structure, 908, 911 meningococcal vaccine, 598 tubercle, 864, 961 meningoencephalocele, 766 multiculturalism, 112 mercaptoacetyl triglycine, 646, 830, 850 multicystic dysplastic kidney, 834 mercurochrome, 627 multiple mesencephalic fl exure, 766 endocrine neoplasia 1 syndrome mesenchymal hamartoma, 559, 734 (MEN 1), 591 mesoappendix, 120, 480 fi brotic stenosis, 524 mesocolic hernia, 394, 396, 400 membraneous diaphragm, 412 mesoderm, 425 mumps orchitis, 932 mesogenitale, 920 Munchhausen by proxy, 220 mesonephros, 920 mupirocin, 198 metabolic acidosis, 321 Murphy’s sign, 573, 574 metachromous tumor, 713 muscle metachronous hernia, 502 biopsy, 47 metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scanning, 706 anaesthesia, 47 metanephric blastema, 825, 847, 866 relaxant, 43 metaphyseal fracture, 168 muscular aplasia, 312 of the proximal tibia, 176 musculoskeletal defect, 630 metastatic hepatic tumor, 734 MYCN proto-oncogene, 705 methylprednisolone, 610 mycobacteriosis, 742 meticulous hemostasis, 319 mycophenolate mofetil, 900 metronidazole, 521, 523, 560, 700 myelodysplasia syndrome, 637, 883 microbes, 69 myelomeningocele, 23, 637, 638, 767, 793, microbial invasion, 71 794, 882 internalization, 66 anaesthesia, 47 microcolon, 417, 419 management, 770 microphallus, 639 myocardial contusion, 137 micturating myogenic failure, 877 cystography, 857 myotomy, 350 cystourethrogram (MCUG), 646, 842 according to Livadatis, 334 Index 989

N neuromuscular blockade, 43, 45 nasogastric tube (NGT), 22, 24, 138, 197 neuron specifi c enolase (NSE), 704 nasojejunal neuropraxia, 128 catheter, 379 neurulation of the tube, 766 feeding, 86 neutropenia, 70, 71, 98 tube, 197 neutropenic colitis, 98 nasotracheal intubation, 61, 270 neutrophil, 70 natural anticoagulant mechanism, 90 margination, 67 NEC, see necrotizing enterocolitis nevus necrotic testes, 502 cell, 675 necrotizing fl ammeus neonatorum, 662, 665 enterocolitis (NEC), 24, 33, 77, 87, 435, 508, 781 of Ito, 674, 677 bacterial pathogen, 437 of Ota, 674, 677 complications, 443 of the extremities, 684 diagnosis, 439 spilus, 674, 676 grading system, 439 nifedipine, 895 infl ammatory mediators, 437 nipple management, 441 deformity, 255 pancreatitis, 585 discharge, 259 needle catheter jejunostomy, 379 Nissen fundoplication, 267, 341, 350 Neisseria gonorrhoeae, 932 nitric oxide (NO), 42, 46, 68, 347 neoappendicostomy, 475 neuronal synthase (nNOS), 347 neonatal synthase (NOS), 68, 364 intensive care, 19 nitrofen, 308 oliguria, 841 nodular renal blastema, 834 pneumonia, 31 non-hemolytic disease, 572 pyeloplasty, 827 non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, 278–280, 283, 734, small left colon syndrome, 420 737, 738 neonates surgery noninvoluting congenital hemangioma (NICH), 661 history, 28 nonmalefi cence, 109 physical examination, 28 non-parasitc liver cyst, 735 nephrectomy, 155, 714, 834, 843 nonrefl uxing megaureter, 835 nephroblastoma, 727 non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcoma, 717, 725 nephroblastomatosis, 710, 713 non-steroidal anti-infl ammatory drug (NSAID), 48, 934 nephrocalcinosis, 817 Noonan’s syndrome, 689 nephrogenesis, 825 nuchal translucency, 10 nephrogenic rest, 710 nuclear cystography, 857 nephroureterectomy, 851 nurse-controlled analgesia (NCA), 48 nerve injury, 128 nutrition, 75 net fat oxidation, 80 Neuhauser’s sign, 419 neural crest cell, 453 O neural tube defect (NTD), 12, 765 obstructive neurenteric cyst, 282 hydrocephalus, 165 neuroblast, neural crest-derived, 453 hydronephrosis, 842 neuroblastoma, 278, 279, 300, 304, 703, 722, 727 sleep apnoe syndrome, 47 diagnosis, 706 uropathy, 814, 815, 821, 826, 863, 960 management, 707 uterine horn, 970 markers, 704 obturator, 238 Shimada classifi cation, 704 occult spinal dysraphism, 665, 792 neurocutaneous melanosis, 676 octreotide, 543, 565 neuroectoderm, 790 acetate, 511 neuroenteric cyst, 304 ocular proptosis, 663 neurofi bromatosis, 725 oestrogenisation, 968 I, 105 OK432, 692, 695 neurogenic bladder, 881 OKT3, 531, 900 dysfunction, 883, 885 oligohydramnios, 17, 646, 826, 840, 867, 872 management, 89 oliguria, 324, 828 overactivity, 886 Ollier’s disease, 671, 744 neuroimaging, 159 omentectomy, 896 neurological injury, 164 omiderm, 199 990 Index omphalocele, 23, 619, 620, 624, 636–638, 749 endocrine dysregulation syndrome (PEDS), 588 body temperature, 29 fi stula, 585 omphalomesenteric fl uid regurgitation, 547 cyst, 491, 492, 496 injury, 149, 151 duct remnant, 491 oedema, 584 omphalopagus, 648, 650 pseudocyst, 585, 588 oophorectomy, 751, 753, 971 trauma, 587 open appendectomy, 480 complications, 588 open pneumothorax, 135 management, 588 opioid, 48 tumor, 590 Opitz-Frias syndrome, 267 pancreaticobiliary malunion (PBMU), 545 opsomyoclonus, 706 pancreaticoduodenectomy, 151 oral feeding, 86 pancreatitis, 429, 548, 550, 575, 583 orbital meningeal parameningeal tumour, 720 pan-necrosis, 438, 442 orchidopexy, 640, 911, 925, 930, 931, 971 papillary-cystic tumor, 591 orchiectomy, 756, 760, 931 paracetamol, 49 orchitis, 932 paradoxical respiration, 252 orthotopic (OLT), 611 parapagus, 648, 651 osteogenic sarcoma, 261 paraphimosis, 949 osteomyelitis, 633 paraplegia, 706 osteosynthesis, 170 parapneumonic effusion, 286, 291 osteotomy, 632 parasitic cyst, 558 ostomy, 783 paraspinal tumor, 719 outlet resistance, 888 parathyroid hormone (PTH), 894 ovarian parenteral cyst, 120, 751, 971 fl uids, 55 cystectomy, 971 nutrition, 75, 78, 527 tumor, 745 complications, 82 classifi cation, 747 components, 78 diagnosis, 748 extravasation, 83 treatment, 751 free radicals, 85 tumor marker, 749 Parkes-Weber syndrome, 665, 671 overhydration, 78 partial overvirilized XX female, 904 androgen insensitivity syndrome ovotesticular DSD, 909 (PAIS), 909 oxalate, 509 twinning, 424 oxaluria, 509 urogenital mobilization, 915 oxybutinine, 877, 886 Patau’s syndrome, 103, 104 oxygen uptake, 58 patch abdominoplasty, 148 oxygenation patent index (OI), 318 ductus arteriosus (PDA), 117 noninvasive, 51 thoracoscopic clipping, 117 oxygenator processus vaginalis, 502 failure, 323 patient-controlled analgesia (PCA), 48 management, 321 Pax-3 gene abnormality, 768 oxymetric probe, 320 peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), 57 pectus carinatum, 248, 255 P excavatum, 248, 249 Pacinan corpuscles, 676 cardiac and pulmonary effects, 252 paediatric urogenital tract, 809 diffuse, 250 imaging methods, 809 excentric, 250 Palmaz stent, 338 history, 250 pancolitis, 518 pediatric surgery pancreas divisum, 582 ethical considerations, 109 pancreatectomy, 586 innovation, 113 pancreatic moral dilemma, 110 abscess, 585 research, 113 cyst, 590 pelvic disorder, 581 infl ammatory disease, 479, 971 duodenectomy, 588 osteotomy, 632 Index 991 pelviectasis, 813, 829 phrenic nerve pelvi-ureteric junction (PUJ), 813, 839 injury, 130 obstruction (PUJO), 812, 848, 853 palsy, 312 pelvocaliectasis, 828 phrenicosplenic ligament, 594 penetrating phyllodes tumor, 260 cerebral injury, 163 physical abuse, 214 trauma, 134, 138 Pierre Robin syndrome, 23, 102, 236 penile piggy-back engraftment, 607 catheter, 945 ping-pong fracture, 161 reconstruction, 639, 640, 916 pit, 789 penoscrotal plastic deformation, 168 hypospadia, 937, 939 platelet, 91, 99 z-plasty, 952 disorder, 93 pentalogy of Cantrell, 248, 256, 624 endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1), 67 percutaneous (P) selectin, 67 endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG), 370 platelet-activating factor (PAF), 67 Gauderer-Ponsky technique, 372 pleural laparoscopic technique, 372 effusion, 285 pull technique, 375 exudate, 286 push PEG, 376 fl uid, 288 Sachs technique, 372 pleurisy, 287 transhepatic cholangiodrainage, 554 pleurodesis, 694 transhepatic cholangiography (PTC), 429 plication enteroplasty, 412 percutaneously inserted central venous catheter (PICC) pneumatic dilatation, 349 lines, 36 , 438 perforated appendicitis, 481 pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7), 597 perianal excoriation, 459 pneumoenema, 487, 488 pericardial effusion, 560 pneumomediastinum, 646 pericardiocentesis, 137 pneumonectomy, 305 pericardiotomy, 136 pneumonia, 325 perinatal testicular torsion, 928 , 118, 120, 418, 440, 455, 781 perineal pneumothorax, 133, 135, 140, 286, 298, 311, 354, 355, fi stula, 466–468, 471 422, 646 hypospadia, 939 Poiseuille’s equation, 36 perioperative fl uid management, 56 Poland’s syndrome, 248, 255, 257 peripheral Politano-Leadbetter operation, 845, 859 airway injury, 194 polycystic nerve injury, 128 disease, 558 peristalsis, 436 kidney, 834 peritoneal dialysis, 896 polyethylene glycol, 450 peritonitis, 781, 896 polygenic inheritance, 106 periumbilical pain, 478 polyhydramnios, 16, 297, 308, 309, 331, 386, 417, 419, persistent 582, 698 fi brous cord, 496 polymastia, 258 hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia of infancy (PHHI), 588 polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 11, 531 pulmonary hypertension of the neonate (PPHNP), 31, 315 polymorphic gene, 69 Perthes syndrome, 141 polymorphonuclear leukoytes (PMN), 436 Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, 748, 761 polypectomy snare, 376 Peyer’s patches, 68, 485, 486 polyploidy, 705 hypertrophic, 489 polypoidal tumor, 719 Pfannenstiel incision, 752 polysplenia, 537 PHACES syndrome, 661 polythelia, 258 phagocytosis, 66, 68 polyuria, 867, 876, 877 phagosomes, 66 port, 37 phanometrazine, 308 portal phantom bone disease, 667 gastropathy, 564 phenobarbital, 322 hypertension, 542, 561 phimosis, 949, 951 complications, 565 phlebothrombosis, 669 diagnosis, 564 phocomelia, 4 surgery, 567 photodermolysis, 678 treatment, 565 992 Index portal (cont.) prepyloric antral diaphragm, 388 pyemia, 559 pressure vein fl ow study, 842 cavernoma, 563 ventilation, 57 occlusion (PVO), 562 pre-transfer management, 20 thrombosis, 611 primary obstructive megaureter, 834 venous air, 440 probiotics, 442 venous pressure, 561 procalcitonin (PCT), 71 portoenterostomy, 606 processus vaginalis, 497, 920, 922, 923 Kasai-type, 540 proctocolectomy, 520 laparoscopic-assisted, 541 proctolectomy, 523 portosystemic shunt, 569 progressive hydrocephalus, 127 positive pressure ventilation, 283 prolactinoma, 259 post anal dimple, 789 promonocyte, 68 postaxial polydactyly, 959, 960 prostaglandin (Pg) posterior E, 282 fossa malformation, 661 E2, 510 laryngeal cleft, 266 prostatectomy, 724 urethral valve (PUV), 17, 836–837, 863, 868 protein diagnosis, 867 C, 72 management, 871 pathway, 90 pathophysiology, 865 hydrolysate, 75, 510 posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus metabolism, 80, 81 of prematurity (PHHP), 784 status, 77 post-operative and vomiting (PONV), 50 proteinuria, 867 postsplenectomy infection, 602 proteus post-transplant mirabilis, 932 hypertension, 901 syndrome, 671 lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD), 901 proton pump inhibitor (PPI), 341 posttraumatic protrusion deformity of the chest, 255 epilepsy, 159 provisional callus, 167 hydrocephalus, 159 PROWESS study, 72 hyponatriemia, 159 prune belly syndrome, 637, 643, 826, 827, potassium, 894 870, 921 hydroxide, 356 antenatal diagnosis, 645 potassium-titanyl-phosphate (KTP) laser, 268 management, 646 Potter’s sequence, 102 pruritus, 742 pouch of Douglas, 629 pseudo-achalasia, 346, 347 , 521 pseudodiverticulum, 865, 870 povidone iodine, 198 pseudo-eschar, 198 prednisolone, 663 pseudo-kidney sign, 486 prednisone, 739 Pseudomonas preduodenal portal vein, 389 aeruginosa, 65, 932 preeclampsia, 698 sepsis, 422 pre-emptive transplantation (PET), 898 pseudo-obstruction, 533, 812 Prehn sign, 932 Puestow procedure, 586 prenatal pull through vaginoplasty, 913 counselling, 9 pulmonary diagnosis, 10, 27, 28 aspiration diagnosis, 7 acid gastric contents, 50 hydronephrosis, 825 contusion, 137 maternal serum screening, 11 embryology, 293 transport, 19 fi brosis, 694 team, 21 hypertension, 311 vehicles, 21 hypoplasia, 308, 317 ultrasound, 10 resection, 16 pre-operative management, 27 sequestration, 300 in the older child, 35 pulse oximetry, 45, 61 prepubertal purpura fulminans, 95 anatomy, 967 pyelonephritis, 799, 801, 805, 806, 889 mass, 260 pyeloplasty, 819, 831, 832, 843 Index 993 pyelostomy, 827 refl ux pyeloureterostomy, 853 laryngitis, 264 pygopagus, 648, 651 nephropathy, 829, 892 pyloric regurgitation, 339 atresia, 388 Rehbein’s traction technique, 336 duplication, 428 renal treatment, 429 anomaly, 17 obstruction, 358 arterial injury, 155 stenosis, 105, 388 cyst, 817 pyloromyotomy, 118, 367 dysplasia, 560, 826, 836, 849, 866, 871, 892 pyloroplasty, 358 exploration, 155 pylorospasm, 357, 366 failure, 194, 867 pyocystitis, 889 injury pyogenic diagnosis, 154 abscess, 559 treatment, 154 granuloma, 662 parenchyma, 849 pyometrocolpos, 958 polycystic disease, 817 pyrexia, 542 replacement therapy (RRT), 892, 895 pyuria, 929, 933 scarring, 560 , 812 transplantation, 878, 898 Q medical complications, 901 quadriplegia, 888 trauma, 131, 153 quadruple iliac osteotomy, 653 ultrasound, 828, 848 quinine, 308 vascular injury, 155 Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome, 666 Replogue sump catheter, 24 R Replongle probe, 335 rabbit pellets, 417 respiratory rachiopagus, 648, 651 burst, 85 radionuclide cystography (RNC), 812, 829 distress at birth, 303 Ramstedt’s pyloromyotomy, 367 failure, 30 ranitidine, 322 fatigue, 45 RAPID technique, 11 function, 30 rapidly involuting congenital hemangioma gas exchange, 58 (RICH), 661 management, 56 Ravitch procedure, 250 monitoring, 60 recirculation, 319 syndrome (RDS), 31 recombinant human erythropoietin (rEPO), 894 resting energy expenditure (REE), 76, 77 rectal restrictive lung disease, 252 biopsy, 449, 456 resuscitation, 36, 487 duplication, 431 fl uid, 197 treatment, 432 retinal hemorrhage (RH), 217 prolaps, 630 retinoblastoma, 105 prostatic fi stula, 470 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), 61 rectobladder neck fi stula, 464, 468, 470, 473 retraction of pullthrough, 459 rectobulbar fi stula, 464 retrognathia, 224 rectoperineal fi stula, 464, 470 retrograde rectoprostatic fi stula, 464, 472 cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), 429 rectourethral genitourethrogram, 961 bulbar fi stula, 468, 470, 472, 474 pyelography, 842 prostatic fi stula, 474 retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND), 759 rectovestibular fi stula, 465, 469, 475 reverse rotation, 400 , affecting mucosa, 517 Rex recurrent intussusception, 489 bypass, 569 red blood cell (RBC) shunt, 611 concentrate (RBC), 99 rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), 261, 717, 718, 816 surface antigen, 91 cytogenetics, 722 reduction clitoroplasty, 912 histopathology, 721 Reed-Sternberg cells, 741 management, 723 reepithelialisation, 192 of the extrahepatic bile ducts, 733 994 Index rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) (cont.) Sertoli-Leydig tumor, 748, 753 of the extremities, 719 severe head injury, 159 of the genitourinary system, 719 Severinghous probe, 61 pleomorphic type, 722 sevofl urane, 42 rhesus disease, 12 sex rheumatoid arthritis, 258 of rearing, 908 rib fracture, 135, 140 stromal tumor, 753 child abuse, 215 sexual Ringer’s lactate, 56 abuse, 213, 218 rocuronium, 43 function, 879 rotavirus, 485 sexually transmitted disease, 219 Roux-en Y shaken baby syndrome, 157, 216, 217 choledochojejunostomy, 607 sheet graft, 201 hepaticojejunostomy, 553, 578 , 15, 87, 412, 413, 436, 443, 507 limb, 553 complications, 514 rubella syndrome, 3 medical therapy, 510 surgical therapy, 511 shunt S anaesthesia, 47 sacral agenesis, 884 block, 785 sacrococcygeal siamese twins, 647 chordoma, 699 sickle cell disease/anemia, 97, 106, 236, 572, 575, 597 teratoma (SCT), 16 sickle hemoglobin (bS), 97 Altman’s classifi cation, 698 Sickledex, 97 antenatal diagnosis, 698 signet sign, 440 neonatal diagnosis, 699 silicone membrane, 321 postoperative management, 701 silver sulfadiazine, 198 salpingectomy, 972 simple pneumothorax, 140 salpingo-oophorectomy, 753 single salpingostomy, 972 gene disorder, 105 Santulli procedure, 421 lung ventilation, 116 sarcoidosis, 346 nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), 69 sarcoma, 717 Singleton’s sign, 419 botryiodes, 720 skeletal injury, 215 satellite nevus, 686 skin grafting, 202 Schwann cell, 676 skull fracture, 158, 161 schwannian stroma, 704 child abuse, 215 sclerotherapy, 667, 669, 691, 692 skull radiography, 158 scoliosis, 56, 116, 251, 671, 795 slide tracheoplasty, 270, 271 screw osteosynthesis, 171 slit ventricle syndrome, 781 scrotal slow-transit constipation (STC), 446, 447 Doppler sonogram, 929 sludge ball, 84 testicular torsion, 499 small bowel seat belt sign, 153 atresia, 457 sebaceous nevus, 674, 677, 681 duplication, 429 sedative premedication, 40 obstruction, 422, 486, 488 seminal vesicle, 852 transplantation, 527, 529 seminoma, 762 graft rejection, 531 sepsis, 65, 77, 781, 825 immunosuppression, 530 bone criteria, 71 infections, 531 genetic predisposition, 69 intestinal perforation, 532 management, 72 pancreatic complications, 532 metabolic response, 77 post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD), neonates, 69 531 pathophysiology, 66 small congenital melanocytic nevus, 675 septicemia, 82, 198, 560 small hemothorax, 140 infection, 597 small left colon syndrome, 457, 458 sequence, 102 small-for-gestational age (SGA), 29 serial transverse enteroplasty (STEP), 513 Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome, 363 seroma, 696 smoke inhalation, 195 Sertoli cell, 760, 919 smooth muscle disorder, 460, 461 tumor, 761 snapping phenomenon, 188 Index 995

Snodgrass procedure, 939, 941 fi ssure, 248 Sober-en-T cutaneous ureterostomy, 837 osteotomy, 249 sodium, 894 sternotomy, 695 thiopentone, 42 steroid, 900, 906, 908 soft tissue sarcoma, 717 steroidogenesis, 906, 908 soiling, 459, 475 stethoscope, 44 solid organ injury, 145, 153 stillbirth, 6, 7 damage control, 146 stone disease, 817 nonoperative treatment, 146 strabismus, 773 Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signalling pathway, 330 strawberry hemangioma, 660 sonoscope, 810 Streptococcus viridans, 932 soy-based disaccharide-free feed, 86 streptolysin, 66 spastic diplegia, 664, 922 strictureplasty, 524 speckled lentiginous nevus, 676 stridor, 264 spermatic cord torsion, 927, 932 stromal tumor, 755, 760 spermatocyte, 924 Sturge-Weber syndrome, 665 spermatogonium, 924 subarachnoid haemorrhage, 127 spherocytosis, 572, 601, 602 subcutaneous lipoma, 793 sphincterotomy, 149, 459, 586 subdiaphragmatic abscess, 482 sphygmomanometer, 488 subdural spider haemorrhage, 127 nevus, 666 hematoma (SDH), 164 teleangiectasia, 666 subgaleal haemorrhage, 126 spina bifi da, 5, 256, 749, 765, 791, 881, 921 subglottic anaesthesia, 47 hemangioma, 273 occulta, 766, 769 stenosis (SGS), 265 spine/spinal Myer-Cotton grading system, 265 cord, 792 succinylcholine, 43 anomaly, 884 suction lipectomy, 952, 953 injury, 130 sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), 341 syndrome, 706 superfi cial inguinal pouch, 921 dysraphism, 883 supracondylar humeral fracture, 175 traumatic injury, 885 supraglottic injury, 194 Spitz nevus, 677 supraglottoplasty, 264 spleen injury, 145 suprapubic vaginostomy, 962 splenectomy, 94, 568, 575, 594, 596, 599, 743 surgical error, 113 splenic swan neck deformity, 184 autotransplantation, 601 Swedish nose, 63 cyst, 601 symphysis pubis, 932 disorder, 593 syndactyly, 255 injury, 131 syndromicity, 688 trauma, 595 synovial cell sarcoma, 725 diagnosis, 595 systemic treatment, 596 infl ammatory response syndrome (SIRS), 65, 193 splenomegaly, 543, 561, 563, 594, 598 management, 72 splenoportal thrombosis, 602 lupus erythematosus (SLE), 94 split liver transplantation, 608 split notochord, 424, 425 spondylothoracic dysplasia, 256 T spongioplasty, 938 T lymphocyte, 68 squamous cell tachykinine, 447 peritonitis, 960 tacrolimus, 530, 610, 900 refl ux, 960 talipes deformity, 769 stack splint, 185–187 TBSA, see total burn surface area Stamm gastrostomy, 375, 376 teleangiectasia, 666 staphylococcal sepsis, 422 tendon Staphylococcus, 437 callus, 188 aureus, 286 Kirchmayr-Zechner suture, 182 epidermidis, 514, 780 sheath, 179, 187 stenosis, 235, 383, 953 tension pneumothorax, 135, 302 sternal terathanasia, 7 defect, 256 teratogen, 103 996 Index teratogenesis, 5 toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), 67 teratology, 4 tolterodine, 877 teratoma, 279, 691, 697, 755, 760 tonsil mouth gap, 225 carcinoma in situ (CIS), 758 tonsillectomy terminal ileum, 521 anaesthesia, 47 testicular torsion of the testicular appendage, 933 atrophy, 502 total infarction, 498 body surface area (TBSA), 191 mass, 756 body water (TBW), 34, 53 rupture, 929 burn surface area (TBSA), 195 torsion, 927 nutrition, 197 management, 930 pain management, 197 testis tumor, 755 colonic aganglionosis, 455, 457 testis-determining gene, 905 intestinal aganglionosis, 508 testosterone, 909, 935 parental nutrition (TNP), 76, 85, 511, 572 tethered spinal cord, 789, 790, 792 urogenital mobilization (TUM), 475, 913, 963 management, 793 Toupet fundoplication, 342, 350, 351 tetralogy of Fallot, 330 toxemia, 805 Thal fundoplication, 341 toxic , 524 thalassemia, 572 toxoplasmosis, 742 thalidomide, 4, 308, 329 T-piece, 41 thermal injury, 192 trace elements, 82 haemodynamic changes, 193 tracheal thermogenesis, 29 agenesis, 268, 274 thermoneutrality, 30 bronchus, 271 Thiersch-Duplay procedure, 941 cartilaginous sleeve, 269 thoracic diverticulum, 271 injury stenosis, 241, 268 child abuse, 218 web, 268 insuffi ciency syndrome, 256 tracheobronchial injury, 137 kyphosis, 252 tracheobronchial-biliary fi stula, 272 neuroblastoma, 281 tracheo-bronchoscopy, 334 trauma, 133, 137 tracheoesophageal fi stula, 266, 272 thoracoabdominal duplication, 426 classifi cation, 331 treatment, 427 complications, 337 thoracoamniotic shunt, 289 diagnosis, 331 thoracocentesis, 290 H-type, 331 thoracopagus, 648, 650, 652 management, 333 thoracoscopy risk classifi cation, 333 for diagnosis purposes, 116 tracheomalacia, 236, 266, 272, 337 lung biopsies, 116 tracheo-oesophageal fi stula (TOF), 16, 23 thoracotomy, 137, 210, 298 tracheostomy, 235, 267 three tube technique, 150 airway obstruction, 134 thrombocytic disease, 95 cannula, 237 thrombocytopenia, 33, 71, 93, 160, 440, 662 cannula, 238 thrombocytosis, 598 complications, 240 thrombophlebitis, 670 decannulation, 243 Thurston-Holland sign, 168 indications, 236 thymectomy, 272 peri-operative management, 239 thymic pre-operative evaluation, 236 cyst, 279 technique, 237 hyperplasia, 278 tractus intermedius, 187 thymoglobulin, 531 TranCyte, 202 thyreoglossal duct cyst, 229 transcutaneous PO2 (TcPO2), 61 diagnosis, 231 transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt (TIPS), 570 etiology, 229 transplant immunobiology, 899 pathology, 230 transport therapy, 232 incubator, 22 tissue oxygenation, 316 procedure, 22 TLR4, 69 team, 21 toddler’s fracture, 169 vehicle, 21 Index 997 transthoracic cannulation, 319 undervirilized XY male, 905 transurethral incision (TUI), 836 upper transverse respiratory tract infection (URTI), 51 rectus abdominis mycocutaneous (TRAM) fl ap, 684 urinary tract obstruction, 17, 839 vaginal septum, 969 ureteric duplication anomaly, 847 trauma/traumatic ureterocele, 829, 835, 836, 849–852 abdominal organ, 130 ureterohydronephrosis, 844 asphyxia, 141 ureteroneocystostomy, 835 brain injury, 157, 158 ureteropelvic junction (UPJ), 827 hemothorax, 136 anomalous, 830 Treacher-Collins syndrome, 223–226 obstruction, 830 triamcinolone, 358 ureteropyelostomy, 836, 853 triglyceride, 511 ureterostomy, 835 trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), 804 ureteroureterostomy, 850, 851, 853 trisomy, 16 uretero-vesical junction (UVJ), 813, 855 -13, 329 obstruction, 829, 839, 843 -18, 224, 329 urethral trophozoites, 560 atresia, 827 true hermaphroditism, 909 catheterization, 804 trunk nevus, 684 meatus, 936 Trypanosoma cruzi infection, 345 mobilisation technique, 942 T-tube ileostomy, 420 reconstruction, 916 tube feeding, 87 stenosis, 874 tuberculosis, 305 stricture, 945 tubing rupture, 321, 323 valve, 827, 829 tubular duplication, 425, 429, 431, 494 urethritis, 799 tufted angioma, 662 urethrocutaneous fi stula, 945 tumor urethroplasty, 939 endothelial marker-8 (TEM8), 660 urinary necrosis factor-a (TNF-α), 67 ascites, 866, 868 tumornephrectomy, 712 catecholamine metabolite, 279 tunica defect, 631 albugenia, 930 diversion, 875, 888 vaginalis, 921, 923, 928 extravasation, 155 tunnelled central line, 36 infection, 825 Turner’s syndrome, 105, 689, 690, 761 pregnancy test, 972 typhilitis, 99 tract infection (UTI), 219, 633, 799, 814, 827, 840, 855, tyrokinase kinase activity, 454 856, 886, 892, 950 tyrosine, 81 classifi cation, 800 diagnosis, 803 imaging algorithm, 819 U pathogenesis, 801 (UC), 517, 523 risk factors, 802 diagnosis, 518 treatment, 804 intestinal infl ammation, 518 uro-pathogen, 801 ulnar urine fracture, 174 analysis, 803, 932 nerve palsy, 176 collection, 804 ultrasonography, see ultrasound output, 55 ultrasound volume, 35 screening, 10 urinoma, 866, 868 soft marker, 11 urodynamics, 871 umbilical urogenital cyst, 496 abnormality, 17 fi stula, 491, 492 trauma, 818 hernia, 393, 491 urolithiasis, 811, 816, 817 management, 504 ursodeoxycholic acid, 84, 511 polyp, 492, 493, 496 therapy, 577 sinus, 495 U-stitch, 376 umbilico-ileal fi stula, 495 uterine horn, 970 unconjugated bilirubin, 509 ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) disruption, 154 998 Index

V vincristine, 664, 723, 732 VACTERAL, 16 vincula tendinea, 180 VACTERL association, 331, 385 visceroabdominal disproportion (VAD), 626 vaginoplasty, 638, 916 vitamin, 82 vaginoscopy, 474 vitelline cyst, 496 vaginostomy, 963, 966 vitellointestinal duct, 393 valproate, 768 vocal cord paralysis, 266 Valsalva maneuver, 886 voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG), 828, 829, 849, valve 857, 870, 882 ablation, 873 volatile agent, 43 bladder syndrome, 876 volume ventilation, 57 vancomycin, 800 volvulus, 508 vanishing testis, 921 vomiting, 339 variant Hirschsprung’s disease, 460 von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, 590 variceal vulvitis, 968 bleeding, 563, 565, 568 vulvovaginitis, 219, 968 ligation (banding), 566 VURD syndrome, 836, 865, 866, 875, 878 varicocele, 711 vascular access, 36 W anomaly, 659 Waardenburg syndrome, 768 cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1), 539 WAGR syndrome, 709 endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2), 660 waiter’s tip posture, 128 malformation, 664 wandering spleen, 598 steal syndrome, 698 Warren shunt, 568 tumor, 659, 734 water loss, 78 vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), 347 wedge osteotomy, 254 VATER association, 102, 224, 331 Weigert-Mayer law, 848 vecuronium, 43 well-tempered renogram, 830, 833 venous Whipple procedure, 151 drainage, 300 Whitaker test, 842, 844, 876 malformation, 667 white blood cell (WBC), 803 treatment, 669 Wilm’s tumor, 625, 709, 718, 729, 834, 898 ventilation aniridia syndrome, 714 altenative modes, 60 diagnosis, 710 noninvasive, 60 kidney-sparing surgery, 714 weaning, 59 nephron-sparing surgery, 713 ventilator, 41, 57 NWTS protocol, 711 setting parameters, 58 SIOP protocol, 711 triggering, 58 therapy, 711 ventral curvature, 937 wind-sock web, 383, 386, 387, 406 ventricular septal defect, 319, 330 Wolffi an duct, 560, 825, 847, 848, 905, 919, 933 ventriculitis, 160 Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, 252 ventriculo-atrial shunt, 778 wound infection, 198 ventriculomegaly, 776, 777, 779 ventriculo-peritoneal shunt, 778 Veress needle, 118 X vertebral anomaly, 637 X-linked recessive inheritance, 106 veru montanum, 864 XX gonadal dysgenesis, 761 very low birth weight (VLBW), 19 vesico-amniotic shunt, 872 vesicointestinal fi ssure, 635 Y vesicostomy, 639, 827, 873, 875, 876 Y chromatin, 761 vesicoureteral refl ux (VUR), 644, 800, 806, 810, 829, 830, 837, yolk sac tumor, 756, 760 840, 842, 848, 855, 860, 865, 870, 875 management, 859 surgical treatment, 859 Z vigorous achalasia, 348 Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, 591