Project «Sustainability»

Project «Sustainability» Contribution and alignment of Local Agendas 21 and the Bizkaia 21 programme municipal sustainability plans to the Aalborg +10 International Commitments

Te a m o f p r o j e c t : Garbiñe Henry (PI)

Itziar López Jovita Mella Irene Pérez Aintzane Prieto

Contribution and alignment of Local Agendas 21 and the Bizkaia 21 programme municipal sustainability plans to the Aalborg +10 International Commitments

Project «Sustainability»

Contribution and alignment of Local Agendas 21 and the Bizkaia 21 programme municipal sustainability plans to the Aalborg +10 International Commitments

Team of project: Garbiñe Henry (PI) Itziar López Jovita Mella Irene Pérez Aintzane Prieto

2015 Deusto University BizkaiLab Bilbao

Aisilan XXI, S.L. Moldes URA, S.L. Comercial Argi, S.L. Viajes Amaia, S.A.

Any form of reproduction, distribution, public communication or transformation of the work can only be performed following authori- sation by its owners, unless legally established otherwise. If you wish to photocopy or scan any part of this work please contact CEDRO (Centro Español de Derechos Reprográficos / Spanish Copyrights Cen- tre) at www.cedro.org).

Preface ...... 13

1 . Introduction ...... 15

2 . Objectives of the study...... 17

3 . Methodology ...... 19 3.1 Research tools...... 19 3.2 Object of study and work hypotheses ...... 20 3.3 The samples...... 22 3.4 Characteristics of the samples ...... 24 3.5 Methodological issues to be considered...... 24

4 . Results...... 27 4.1. Contribution and alignment of the Sustainability Plans to the Aalborg+10 Commitments...... 27 4.1.1. Contribution and alignment of each municipality to the Aalborg+10 Commitments ...... 31 4.1.2. Comparison between the contribution and alignment of the municipalities to each Aalborg+10 Commitment. . 70 4.1.3. Aggregate results of the municipalities analysed in Biscay. 72 4.1.4. Results for Sustainability Action Plans analysed...... 82 4.2. Analysis of Sustainability Budgets...... 86

5 . Conclusion and recommendations ...... 91

7 ©© Universidad University of de Deusto Deusto / /BizkaiLab BizkaiLab - -ISBN ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 978-84-15759-00-0 Index

6 . Acknowledgements...... 95

7 . References...... 97

8 . Annex ...... 103 Annex 1. Summary of Aalborg+10 Commitments and Sub-Commit- ments...... 104 Annex 2. Cross-reference tables of actions and Aalborg+10 commitments by plans analysed...... 107

List of tables

Table 1. Plan Summary by municipality...... 23 Table 2. Summary of actions by municipality and distribution by Com- mitments ...... 32 Table 3. Distribution of the total actions by Commitments and Sub- commitments...... 74 Table 4. Summary of actions by Commitment and plan analysed. . . 83 Table 5. Budget summary: income and expenses by Commitment. . . 88

List of charts

Chart 1. Population census of the Biscay municipalities in the sample (2015)...... 25 Chart 2. Number of actions taken by Abadiño for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 34 Chart 3. Percentage of actions taken by Abadiño for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 34 Chart 4. Number of actions taken by Abanto Zierbena for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 35 Chart 5. Percentage of actions taken by Abanto Zierbena for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 35 Chart 6. Number of actions taken by Amorebieta-Etxano for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 36 Chart 7. Percentage of actions taken by Amorebieta-Etxano for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 36 Chart 8. Number of actions taken by Arrigorriaga for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 37

8 ©© Universidad University of de Deusto Deusto / /BizkaiLab BizkaiLab - -ISBN ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 978-84-15759-00-0 Index

Chart 9. Percentage of actions taken by Arrigorriaga for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 37 Chart 10. Number of actions taken by Balmaseda for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 38 Chart 11. Percentage of actions taken by Balmaseda for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 38 Chart 12. Number of actions taken by Barakaldo for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 39 Chart 13. Percentage of actions taken by Barakaldo for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 39 Chart 14. Number of actions taken by Basauri for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 40 Chart 15. Percentage of actions taken by Basauri for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 40 Chart 16. Number of actions taken by Berango for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 41 Chart 17. Percentage of actions taken by Berango for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 41 Chart 18. Number of actions taken by Bermeo for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 42 Chart 19. Percentage of actions taken by Bermeo for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 42 Chart 20. Number of actions taken by Berriz for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 43 Chart 21. Percentage of actions taken by Berriz for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 43 Chart 22. Number of actions taken by Bilbao for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 44 Chart 23. Percentage of actions taken by Bilbao for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 44 Chart 24. Number of actions taken by Derio for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 45 Chart 25. Percentage of actions taken by Derio for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 45 Chart 26. Number of actions taken by Durango for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 46 Chart 27. Percentage of actions taken by Durango for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 46 Chart 28. Number of actions taken by Elorrio for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 47 Chart 29. Percentage of actions taken by Elorrio for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 47 Chart 30. Number of actions taken by Erandio for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 48

9 ©© Universidad University of de Deusto Deusto / /BizkaiLab BizkaiLab - -ISBN ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 978-84-15759-00-0 Index

Chart 31. Percentage of actions taken by Erandio for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 48 Chart 32. Number of actions taken by Ermua for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 49 Chart 33. Percentage of actions taken by Ermua for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 49 Chart 34. Number of actions taken by Etxebarri for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 50 Chart 35. Percentage of actions taken by Etxebarri for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 50 Chart 36. Number of actions taken by Galdakano for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 51 Chart 37. Percentage of actions taken by Galdakano for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 51 Chart 38. Number of actions taken by Gernika-Lumo for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 52 Chart 39. Percentage of actions taken by Gernika-Lumo for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 52 Chart 40. Number of actions taken by Getxo for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 53 Chart 41. Percentage of actions taken by Getxo for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 53 Chart 42. Number of actions taken by Gorliz for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 54 Chart 43. Percentage of actions taken by Gorliz for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 54 Chart 44. Number of actions taken by Güeñes for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 55 Chart 45. Percentage of actions taken by Güeñes for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 55 Chart 46. Number of actions taken by Leioa for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 56 Chart 47. Percentage of actions by Leioa for each Aalborg+10 Com- mitment ...... 56 Chart 48. Number of actions taken by Lekeitio for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 57 Chart 49. Percentage of actions taken by Lekeitio for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 57 Chart 50. Number of actions taken by Markina-Xemein for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 58 Chart 51. Percentage of actions taken by Markina-Xemein for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 58 Chart 52. Number of actions taken by Mungia for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 59

10 ©© Universidad University of de Deusto Deusto / /BizkaiLab BizkaiLab - -ISBN ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 978-84-15759-00-0 Index

Chart 53. Percentage of actions taken by Mungia for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 59 Chart 54. Number of actions taken by Muskiz for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 60 Chart 55. Percentage of actions taken by Muskiz for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 60 Chart 56. Number of actions taken by Ondarroa for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 61 Chart 57. Percentage of actions taken by Ondarroa for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 61 Chart 58. Number of actions taken by Ortuella for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 62 Chart 59. Percentage of actions taken by Ortuella for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 62 Chart 60. Number of actions taken by Portugalete for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 63 Chart 61. Percentage of actions taken by Portugalete for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 63 Chart 62. Number of actions taken by Santurtzi for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 64 Chart 63. Percentage of actions taken by Santurtzi for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 64 Chart 64. Number of actions taken by Sestao for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 65 Chart 65. Percentage of actions taken by Sestao for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 65 Chart 66. Number of actions taken by Sopela for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 66 Chart 67. Percentage of actions taken by Sopela for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 66 Chart 68. Number of actions by taken Trapagaran for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 67 Chart 69. Percentage of actions taken by Trapagaran for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 67 Chart 70. Number of actions taken by Zalla for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 68 Chart 71. Percentage of actions taken by Zalla for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 68 Chart 72. Ranking of contributions to the Aalborg+10 Commitments based on the total actions of all municipalities...... 69 Chart 73. Percentage distribution of contributions to the Aalborg+10 Commitments based on the total actions of all municipalities ...... 69 Chart 74. Aggregate number of actions by municipality for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 70

11 ©© Universidad University of de Deusto Deusto / /BizkaiLab BizkaiLab - -ISBN ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 978-84-15759-00-0 Index

Chart 75. Aggregate % of actions in relative terms by municipality for each Aalborg+10 Commitment...... 71 Chart 76. % that each Aalborg+10 Commitment represents out of the total actions by the municipalities in Biscay ...... 73 Chart 77. % of actions per Sub-commitment out of the total of municipal actions for Commitment 1 ...... 77 Chart 78. % of actions per Sub-commitment out of the total of municipal actions for Commitment 2 ...... 77 Chart 79. % of actions per Sub-commitment out of the total of municipal actions for Commitment 3 ...... 78 Chart 80. % of actions per Sub-commitment out of the total of municipal actions for Commitment 4 ...... 78 Chart 81. % of actions per Sub-commitment out of the total of municipal actions for Commitment 5 ...... 79 Chart 82. % of actions per Sub-commitment out of the total of municipal actions for Commitment 6...... 79 Chart 83. % of actions per Sub-commitment out of the total of municipal actions for Commitment 7 ...... 80 Chart 84. % of actions per Sub-commitment out of the total of municipal actions for Commitment 8 ...... 80 Chart 85. % of actions per Sub-commitment out of the total of municipal actions for Commitment 9 ...... 81 Chart 86. % of actions per Sub-commitment out of the total of municipal actions for Commitment 10 ...... 81 Chart 87. Aggregate income and expenditure by municipality. . . . 87 Chart 88. Aggregate income and expenditure by municipality per inhabitant...... 87 Chart 89. % income allocated by Commitment...... 88 Chart 90. % expenses allocated by Commitment ...... 89 Chart 91. Comparison of municipal income and expenses by commitment...... 90

Annex 1. Cross-reference tables of actions and Aalborg+10 commitments...... 000 Annex 2. Cross-reference tables of actions and Aalborg+10 commitments by plans analysed...... 000

12 ©© Universidad University of de Deusto Deusto / /BizkaiLab BizkaiLab - -ISBN ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 978-84-15759-00-0 Preface

Deusto Social Innovation are pleased to present this study, which deals with the relationship between the actions described in five municipal plans and the Aalborg+10 Commitments. Its purpose is to ascertain if the concept of sustainability has been integrated as a cross- cutting issue in policies and actions at municipal level.

Sustainable development is understood as the willingness to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations. Considering the four dimensions of sustainable development (environmental, economic, social and cultural sustainability), Deusto Social Innovation have analysed how that willingness has been integrated in a cross-cutting way in the policies adopted by municipalities in Biscay with a population of 5,000 and more inhabitants. This has been effected by aligning the actions described in those policies to the Aalborg+10 Commitments and Sub-commitments, in order to provide citizens and public administrations with a realistic, up-to-date overview.

For some time now, the areas of climate change, accessibility, equality, renewable energy and mobility have been clear niches for action by the European Union and other international organisations. However, a powerful current has been identified of late that drives both

13 ©© Universidad University of de Deusto Deusto / /BizkaiLab BizkaiLab - -ISBN ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 978-84-15759-00-0 Project «Sustainability» public bodies and professionals in the sector and other related areas to join forces to achieve this goal. This involves taking sustainability as a shared responsibility, which leads the content of this study to be easily understood and widely extrapolated.

That is why in this study sustainability is understood as an attitude translated into reality; as an awareness, in contrast with decisions that are either arbitrarily made, or unrelated to any purpose other than the rational use of resources available to municipalities. That is why the budget has also been studied.

It is our hope that this study will serve as a starting point, a thermometer for local issues and a roadmap for the towns involved, as well as for those which have opted to use the Aalborg+10 Commitments as a benchmark to develop their various municipal plans.

Garbiñe Henry Director, Deusto Social Innovation University of Deusto

14 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 1 Introduction

There is a project in place to achieve greater sustainability in the environmental, cultural, economic and social areas in the Basque Country, and more specifically, in the Historical Territory of Biscay. In this context, it is of interest to conduct an analysis that provides an understanding of the various initiatives being implemented by the municipalities in the area in order to attain sustainable eco-systems.

It is essential to understand the current position of the municipalities that make up these territories in relation to sustainability. Under the BizkaiLab agreement, signed between the Provincial Council of Biscay and the University of Deusto, the present study was carried out with the aim of assessing the degree of connection between, on the one hand, the actions contained within municipal sustainability plans and Local Agendas 21; and on the other, the Aalborg+10 Commitments (Aalborg Commitments Secretariat, 2004)1 for sustainability included in the Bizkaia 21 Programme (Programa Bizkaia 21, 2006)2.

1 The Aalborg +10 Commitments are designed to strengthen ongoing local efforts in terms of sustainability and to revitalise Local Agenda 21 in European countries. For more information, visit: http://www.sustainablecities.eu/fileadmin/ content/JOIN/finaldraftaalborgcommitments.pdf 2 Programa Bizkaia 21 (Biscay 21 Programme) is the province-wide strategy for the sustainable development of Biscay and the municipalities within it. More information: http://www.bizkaia21.net/

15 ©© Universidad University of de Deusto Deusto / /BizkaiLab BizkaiLab - -ISBN ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 978-84-15759-00-0 Project «Sustainability»

Based on the local authorities’ capacity for action and autonomy, the project has focused on an analysis of the sustainability plans and Local Agendas 21 in those municipalities in Biscay with a population of more than 5,000 inhabitants.

The aim was to provide a snapshot of the ongoing commitment of municipalities to sustainability, by conducting a qualitative analysis of their strategies, programmes and actions as detailed in their sustainability action plans. In addition, a quantitative analysis of municipal budgets was conducted in order to obtain a more representative picture of the actual expenditure of each municipality on sustainability-oriented actions.

This study highlights the importance given to each of the areas represented by the Aalborg+10 Commitments at municipal level and also within the entire area of Biscay, both regarding the overall actions taken, and the budget allocations to these actions. Its main objective is to make the information available to the Provincial Council of Biscay, as well as providing an overview of the commitments laid out in each municipal plan. By taking into account the strengths and the areas for improvement, the necessary steps may be taken in the future to overcome the shortages identified in this first analysis, which include designing new actions.

This report also aims to recognise the actions presently carried out by the municipalities in the area of sustainability, so as to raise awareness of the importance of continuing to work harder along the same lines and undertaking new strategies to help reach the goals set.

A special effort has been made in this report to show the sustainability component that is implicit in each of the municipal strategic actions, and to provide an optimistic and empowering view for the municipalities.

16 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 2 Objectives of the study

This is a documentary and descriptive study intended to show the current commitment of the Biscay municipalities with more than 5,000 inhabitants to sustainability, with the aim of understanding how their strategies and actions are aligned to the Aalborg+10 Commitments. This will pave the way for developing future programmes and initiatives that reinforce and promote a more successful achievement of these objectives.

The objectives of this study are based on the following aspects:

— Identifying and showcasing the municipalities’ plans and programmes that may help compliance with the Aalborg+10 Commitments. — Publicising (both internally and externally) that Bizkaia 21 Programme is not the only tool used in Biscay to contribute to sustainable development.

17 ©© Universidad University of de Deusto Deusto / /BizkaiLab BizkaiLab - -ISBN ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 978-84-15759-00-0

3 Methodology

3 .1 . Research tools

The methodology followed in this study to meet the proposed objectives included two major phases:

Firstly, a documentary analysis was undertaken in order to assess the current situation in the municipalities of Biscay with more than 5,000 inhabitants regarding their sustainability action plans, classifying the strategic actions of the different plans (mobility, energy, climate change, and equality) and Local 21 Agendas according to their alignment to the Aalborg+10 Commitments. Some secondary sources (publications and other documents) that met the necessary standards were identified, selected and reviewed to ensure that they were up-to- date, relevant, pertinent and reliable.

Secondly, a documentary analysis of municipal budgets was conducted, in particular, of the relevant budget items that had a specific impact on sustainability.

In order to analyse the budgets in terms of the Aalborg+10 Commitments, the following methodology was used:

19 ©© Universidad University of de Deusto Deusto / /BizkaiLab BizkaiLab - -ISBN ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 978-84-15759-00-0 Project «Sustainability»

— The Budgetary Integration Reports were reviewed, and each of the Commitments was matched with the items related to it. — The budget breakdown provided by the Provincial Council of Biscay was also reviewed, both for income and expenditure. The following decisions were made: • To discard the breakdown of expenses, as the items overlapped with those envisaged in the Budget Integration Report. • To use the breakdown of income, since the items under headings 4 and 7 were not broken down in the Budget Integration Report.

By combining the Income and Expenditure from the Budget Integration Report, along with a breakdown of Income items under sections 4 and 7, the analysis was performed and the appropriate charts were made.

3 .2 . Object of study and work hypotheses

The object of study here is the assessment of the degree of alignment of the actions taken within certain municipal sustainability plans and Local Agendas 21 and their contribution to the Aalborg+10 Commitments included in the Bizkaia 21 Programme.

When sustainability is referred to in this paper, it is conceptualised in accordance with its first formulation in a document entitled ‘Our Common Future’ prepared by the United Nations (UN) World Commission on Environment and Development in 1987. It was described as ‘development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs’ (United Nations General Assembly, 1987). This definition was subsequently supplemented by the contribution of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Wildlife Fund, 1991, by stating that sustainable development involves ‘improving the quality of human life while living within the carrying capacity of supporting eco- systems’ ‘ (IUCN, UNEP and WWF, 1991).

20 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Methodology

In view of the above definitions, taking into account the limits inherent in any study, and in order to obtain comparable data between the various municipalities, the documentary analysis in the first phase was limited to documents of a similar nature, namely

— Local action plans for Agenda 21. — Plans for sustainable energy. — Plans to fight climate change. — Plans for sustainable mobility. — Plans for gender equality.

The second phase involved the study of the municipal budgets aimed at sustainability. The source data and object of study were provided by the Provincial Council of Biscay. Thanks to its systematic organisation, it allowed for a reliable comparative analysis to be conducted, based on a classification that used the same structure and coding across the board.

The analysis was limited to the municipalities of Biscay with a population which is equal to, or greater than, 5,000 inhabitants. The reason for this limitation was the greater capacity and autonomy of their local authorities when compared with those with a smaller population, which generally depend on supra-municipal bodies in terms of sustainability actions. However, this reason needs further clarification. In the course of this study, the importance that associations of municipalities have in municipal and supra-municipal planning has become apparent. Some associations of municipalities, such as Lea-Artibai, Enkarterriak, Nerbioi-Ibaizabal and Uribe-Kosta, depending on the jurisdictional powers (either shared or transferred), provide certain local governments with plans that they choose to take on as guidance in their progress towards sustainability. Some municipalities, however, establish the need to adapt such pooled strategies depending on the specific situation of each individual town or city.

21 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Project «Sustainability»

3 .3 . The samples

A number of benchmark studies and documents in the field of sustainability were analysed in the first part of this study. In addition, some documents provided by the local governments selected for the study were also reviewed. These had already carried out highly sophisticated work in this field in their own municipalities, including: Action Plan for Sustainable Energy, Local Action Plan for Agenda 21, Action Plan for Sustainable Mobility, Plan to Fight Climate Change and the Equality Plan.

The table below shows the 35 municipalities under study and the plans each of them has in place:

22 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Methodology

Table 1 Plan Summary by municipality

Renewable Climate Sustainable Local Equality Municipality Energy Change Development Agenda 21 Plan Plan Plan Plan

Abadiño X X X Abanto Zierbena X X X Amorebieta-Etxano X X Arrigorriaga X X X Balmaseda X X X X Barakaldo X X Basauri X X X X Berango X X X Bermeo X X X Berriz X X Bilbao X X X X Derio X X Durango X X X X Elorrio X X Erandio X X Ermua X X X Etxebarri X X Galdakao X X X Gernika-Lumo X X X Getxo X X Gorliz X X X Güeñes X X Leioa X X Lekeitio X X Markina-Xemein X X Mungia X X Muskiz X X X Ondarroa X X Ortuella X X Portugalete X X Santurtzi X X Sestao X X Sopela X X X Trapagaran X X Zalla X X

Source: Developed by the authors.

23 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Project «Sustainability»

In the second part of the study, documents relating to Local Government budgets were reviewed and analysed, as well as the Budgetary Integration Reports for each one of them, all of which were provided by the Biscay Provincial Council.

To this end, extensive data was collected on this topic, using all the types of secondary sources available in order to establish a suitable theoretical framework.

3 .4 . Characteristics of the sample

The sample of municipalities analysed consists of a total of 35 municipalities with a population distribution shown in the chart below. As can be seen, two of the municipalities, Berriz and Markina-Xemein have a slightly lower population than the limit set of 5,000 inhabitants; however, it was decided to maintain these municipalities as part of the sample (chart 1).

3 .5 . Methodological issues to be considered

The study has benefited from the collaboration of the municipalities in the process of data compilation. However, some difficulties were encountered in collecting up-to-date information that had been put together using the same criteria regarding the sustainability and budget plans of the various municipalities. To a certain extent, this hampered the task of developing consistent criteria and obtaining data and significant differences, especially with regard to the budget, as in some municipalities budgets are presented in a disaggregated way, by allocating budgets—and even actions—by areas, whereas other municipalities do so in an aggregate form. This is why it has been decided that the budget reports prepared by the Biscay Provincial Council will be used in the future. While they are not fully broken down by areas, they are representative of a number of the areas covered by the Aalborg+10 Commitments. In this sense, some gaps

24 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Methodology were still identified in data related to income from subsidies, as these were not broken down by subject.

Chart 1 Population census of the Biscay municipalities in the sample (2015)

Bilbao 343,234 Barakaldo 98,964 Getxo 78,124 Portugalete 46,700 Santurtzi 45,962 Basauri 41,174 Leioa 30,642 Galdakao 29,284 Durango 29,109 Sestao 27,578 Erandio 23,950 Amorebieta-Etxano 18,355 Mungia 16,965 Bermeo 16,752 Gernika-Lumo 16,493 Ermua 16,036 Sopela 12,401 Arrigorriaga 12,103 Population 2015 Trapagaran 12,008 Etxebarri 10,818 Abanto Zierbena 9,638 Ondarroa 8,648 Zalla 8,408 Ortuella 8,408 Balmaseda 7,750 Abadiño 7,535 Muskiz 7,475 Elorrio 7,301 Lekeitio 7,230 Berango 7,094 Güeñes 6,532 Derio 6,375 Gorliz 5,659 Markina - Xemein 4,906 Berriz 4,780 0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 350,000 400,000

Source: EUSTAT.

25 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Project «Sustainability»

A flexible approach has been employed in determining the sustainability nature or component of the actions provided by the municipalities; that is, it has been considered that each municipality had already carried out preliminary work to integrate sustainability criteria in each one of the actions identified in their plan and, therefore, that they all contribute to the Aalborg+10 Commitments, and are linked to the relevant commitment as appropriate.

Nevertheless, since each action has been aligned to one Sub- commitment within a Commitment, the research team of Deusto Social Innovation called on all actors involved in the design, implementation and review of each plan to provide their expert point of view. In other words, once the actions of each plan were identified as having been aligned to a Commitment, the municipal experts in the field (and sometimes some politicians) were asked to review and validate those actions.

26 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 4 Results

4 .1 . Contribution and alignment of the Sustainability Plans to the Aalborg+10 Commitments

In this first part of the study a documentary analysis was performed based on a comprehensive compilation of documents of various municipal sustainability plans. A reference table by municipality was prepared, in which the data of actions aimed at sustainability were cross-referenced and aligned to each of the Aalborg+10 Commitments and Sub-commitments (see Annex 1).

— Commitment 1. Governance: • SC1: Further develop a commonly shared long-term vision for a sustainable city or a town. • SC2: Build participation and sustainable development capacity in the local community and municipal administration. • SC3: Invite all sectors of local society to participate effectively in decision-making. • SC4: Make our decisions open, accountable and transparent. • SC5: Cooperate effectively and in partnership with adjoining municipalities, other cities and towns, and other spheres of government.

27 ©© Universidad University of de Deusto Deusto / /BizkaiLab BizkaiLab - -ISBN ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 978-84-15759-00-0 Project «Sustainability»

— Commitment 2. Local management towards sustainability: • SC1: Strengthen Local Agenda 21 or other local sustainability processes and mainstream them into the heart of local government. • SC2: Deliver integrated management towards sustainability, based on the precautionary principle and with regard to the EU Thematic Strategy on the Urban Environment. • SC3: Set targets and time schemes in the framework of the Aalborg Commitments and create and follow the Aalborg Commitments monitoring review. • SC4: Ensure that sustainability issues are central to urban decision-making processes and that resource allocation is based on strong and broad sustainability criteria. • SC5: Cooperate with the European Sustainable Cities & Towns Campaign and its networks to monitor and evaluate our progress towards meeting our sustainability targets. — Commitment 3. Natural common goods: • SC1: Reduce primary energy consumption, and increase the share of renewable energies. • SC2: Improve water quality, save water, and use water more efficiently. • SC3: Promote and increase biodiversity, and extend and care for designated nature areas and green spaces. • SC4: Improve soil quality, preserve ecologically productive land and promote sustainable agriculture and forestry. • SC5: Improve air quality. — Commitment 4. Responsible consumption and lifestyle choices: • SC1: Avoid and reduce waste, and increase re-use and recycling. • SC2: Manage and treat waste in accordance with best practice standards. • SC3: Avoid unnecessary energy consumption, and improve end-use energy efficiency. • SC4: Undertake sustainable procurement.

28 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Results

• SC5: Actively promote sustainable production and consumption, in particular of eco-labelled, organic, ethical and fair-trade products. — Commitment 5. Planning and design: • SC1: Re-use and regenerate derelict or disadvantaged areas. • SC2: Avoid urban sprawl by achieving appropriate urban densities and prioritising brownfield site over greenfield site development. • SC3: Ensure the mixed use of buildings and developments with a good balance of jobs, housing and services, giving priority to residential use in city centres. • SC4: Ensure appropriate conservation, renovation and use/re- use of our urban cultural heritage. • SC5: Apply requirements for sustainable design and construction and promote high quality architecture and building technologies. — Commitment 6. Better mobility, less traffic: • SC1: Reduce the necessity for private motorised transport and promote attractive alternatives accessible to all. • SC2: Increase the share of journeys made by public transport, on foot and by bicycle. • SC3: Encourage transition to low-emission vehicles. • SC4: Develop an integrated and sustainable urban mobility plan. • SC5: Reduce the impact of transport on the environment and public health. — Commitment 7. Local action for health: • SC1: Raise awareness and take action on the wider determinants of health, most of which lie outside the health sector. • SC2: Promote city health development planning, which provides our cities with a means to build and maintain strategic partnerships for health. • SC3: Reduce inequalities in health and address poverty, which will require regular reporting on progress towards reducing the gaps.

29 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Project «Sustainability»

• SC4: Promote health impact assessment as a means for all sectors to focus their work on health and the quality of life. • SC5: Mobilise urban planners to integrate health considerations in their planning strategies and initiatives. — Commitment 8. Vibrant and sustainable local economy: • SC1: Adopt measures that stimulate and support local employment and business start-ups. • SC2: Cooperate with local businesses to promote and implement good corporate practice. • SC3: Develop and implement sustainability principles for the location of businesses. • SC4: Encourage markets for high quality local and regional produce. • SC5: Promote sustainable local tourism. — Commitment 9. Social equity and justice: • SC1: Develop and implement programmes to prevent and alleviate poverty. • SC2: Ensure equitable access to public services, education, employment opportunities, training, information, and cultural activities. • SC3: Foster social inclusion and gender equality. • SC4: Improve community safety and security. • SC5: Secure good quality and socially integrated housing and living conditions. — Commitment 10. Local to global: • SC1: Develop and follow a strategic and integrated approach to mitigate climate change, and work towards a sustainable level of greenhouse gas emissions. • SC2: Mainstream climate protection policy into our policies in the areas of energy, transport, procurement, waste, agriculture, and forestry. • SC3: Raise awareness of the causes and probable impacts of climate change, and integrate preventive actions into our climate change policy.

30 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Results

• SC4: Reduce our impact on the global environment and promote the principle of environmental justice. • SC5: Strengthen the international cooperation of towns and cities and develop local responses to global problems in partnership with local governments, communities and relevant stakeholders.

This first report presents the results of the analysis of the Sustainability Plans mentioned above.

The analysis of the results has been based on the following four criteria:

1. Each municipality’s contribution and alignment to the Aalborg+10 Commitments. 2. Comparison between municipalities in terms of their contribution and alignment to each Aalborg+10 Commitment. 3. Aggregate contribution and alignment of all the municipalities to the Aalborg+10 Commitments and Sub-commitments. 4. Results by the sustainability plans analysed . Overview of the action by type of plan. Explanation of the distribution of actions by plan.

The results in terms of the established criteria are shown below.

4.1.1. Contribution and alignment of each municipality to the Aalborg+10 Commitments

The charts below show the percentage of the actions listed in the plans that have an impact on municipal sustainability, in terms of their contribution and alignment to each Aalborg+10 Commitments and Sub-commitments. The total planned actions distributed by commitment can then be identified for each of the municipalities.

Before undertaking an individual analysis, an overview of the general tendencies is presented in the table below:

31 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Project «Sustainability»

Table 2 Summary of actions by municipality and distribution by Commitment

Total C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 7K C7 C8 C9 actions Abadiño 170 29 15 10 4 26 18 19 6 43 0 Abanto Zierbena 269 20 33 16 50 9 23 11 44 59 4 Amorebieta-Etxano 155 40 20 9 1 14 6 14 7 44 0 Arrigorriaga 140 16 18 12 5 7 24 10 13 32 3 Balmaseda 333 31 7 49 88 37 33 9 35 40 4 Barakaldo 136 69 0 2 1 2 2 14 6 39 1 Basauri 207 41 14 30 33 11 36 9 10 21 2 Berango 234 35 18 3 6 14 65 22 16 51 4 Bermeo 226 51 6 8 3 37 34 28 18 40 1 Berriz 155 27 15 10 11 8 14 8 10 52 0 Bilbao 606 91 25 62 74 37 75 45 63 117 17 Derio 308 32 20 20 18 12 35 29 44 94 4 Durango 223 21 16 22 25 8 48 7 22 45 9 Elorrio 168 22 23 18 15 14 8 9 17 40 2 Erandio 103 14 1 6 8 9 4 13 27 20 1 Ermua 353 174 12 12 16 12 16 13 12 85 1 Etxebarri 135 5 4 10 5 5 43 3 19 39 2 Galdakano 209 41 23 13 7 6 34 11 21 48 5 Gernika-Lumo 120 13 4 13 9 8 20 12 12 26 3 Getxo 110 25 4 19 15 11 6 11 4 15 0 Gorliz 239 29 25 21 14 10 65 27 9 35 4 Güeñes 94 6 8 17 7 4 9 9 14 19 1 Leioa 315 56 28 27 20 43 28 22 33 55 3 Lekeitio 260 71 11 24 17 8 23 12 31 63 0 Markina-Xemein 191 21 21 20 16 3 17 7 35 51 0 Mungia 219 38 30 19 11 7 13 14 17 68 2 Muskiz 245 44 8 18 4 16 30 24 16 83 2 Ondarroa 213 47 5 19 11 17 21 7 19 65 2 Ortuella 124 16 18 7 5 12 8 6 17 35 0 Portugalete 200 81 8 16 15 8 10 10 8 41 3 Santurtzi 143 15 15 15 15 9 11 17 8 37 1 Sestao 108 39 1 6 6 13 6 5 8 23 1 Sopela 260 38 16 8 5 15 70 27 20 58 3 Trapagaran 201 29 24 9 5 10 7 20 35 61 1 Zalla 120 25 14 6 5 14 7 10 15 24 0 Total actions of Biscay municipalities by Aal- borg+10 Commitment 7,292 1,352 510 576 550 476 869 514 691 1,668 86

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

32 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Results

It should be noted that, out of the 35 municipalities analysed, 18 prioritised ‘Commitment 9: Social Equity and Justice.’ This was not only the Commitment that was most often found, but also the one that garnered the greatest number of actions (1668).

The second commitment in order of priority was ‘Commitment 1: Governance’, in 10 municipalities, followed far behind by ‘Commitment 6: Better mobility, less traffic’, in 5 municipalities. Balmaseda focused on sustainability based on ‘Commitment 4: Responsible consumption and lifestyle choices’, and Erandio was oriented towards actions related to ‘Commitment 8: Vibrant and sustainable local economy.’

Commitments 2, 3, 5, 7 and 10 were identified as not being a priority for any of the town and city councils analysed. It is worth mentioning that Commitment 5, concerning urban planning, was the only one that did not contain the Sub-commitment with the fewest actions or most actions of any municipality.

The lowest occurrence corresponded to ‘Commitment 10: Local to global’, which ranked bottom in 32 municipalities. The exception to this rule were the municipalities of Barakaldo, Berango and Durango, which paid less attention to the following commitments: ‘Commitment 2: Local Management towards sustainability’, ‘Commitment 3: Natural common goods’, and ‘Commitment 7: ‘Local Action for Health’, respectively.

The charts below show a breakdown by municipality of the contribution and alignment of actions to the Aalborg+10 Commitments, with the municipalities listed in alphabetical order.

33 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Project «Sustainability»

Abadiño

Chart 2 Number of actions taken by Abadiño for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

OVERALL TOTAL 170

C9.Social Equity and Justice 43 C1.Governance 29

C5.Planning and Design 26

C7.Local Action for Health 19

C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 18

C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability 15 C3.Natural Common Goods 10

C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy 6

C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices 4 C10.Local to Global 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

Graph 3 Percentage of actions taken by Abadiño for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

2% 0% 4% C9.Social Equity and Justice

6% C1.Governance

25% C5.Planning and Design 9% C7.Local Action for Health

C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 11% C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability

C3.Natural Common Goods

17% C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy 11% C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices

15% C10.Local to Global

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

34 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Results

Abanto Zierbena

Chart 4 Number of actions taken by Abanto Zierbena for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

OVERALL TOTAL 269

C9.Social Equity and Justice 59

C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices 50

C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy 44

C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability 33

C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 23

C1.Governance 20

C3.Natural Common Goods 16

C7.Local Action for Health 11

C5.Planning and Design 9

C10.Local to Global 4

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

Chart 5 Percentage of actions taken by Abanto Zierbena for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

2% 3% C9.Social Equity and Justice 4% C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices 6% 22% C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy

7% C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc

9% C1.Governance 19% C3.Natural Common Goods

C7.Local Action for Health 12% C5.Planning and Design

16% C10.Local to Global

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

35 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Project «Sustainability»

Amorebieta-Etxano

Chart 6 Number of actions taken by Amorebieta-Etxano for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

OVERALL TOTAL 155 C9.Social Equity and Justice 44

C1.Governance 40

C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability 20

C7.Local Action for Health 14

C5.Planning and Design 14 C3.Natural Common Goods 9 C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy 7 C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 6

C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices 1

C10.Local to Global 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

Chart 7 Percentage of actions taken by Amorebieta-Etxano for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

1% 0% 4% C9.Social Equity and Justice 4% C1.Governance 6% 28% C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability

C5.Planning and Design 9% C7.Local Action for Health

C3.Natural Common Goods 9% C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy

C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc

13% 26% C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices C10.Local to Global

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

36 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Results

Arrigorriaga

Chart 8 Number of actions taken by Arrigorriaga for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

OVERALL TOTAL 140 C9.Social Equity and Justice 32

C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 24

C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability 18

C1.Governance 16

C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy 13

C3.Natural Common Goods 12

C7.Local Action for Health 10

C5.Planning and Design 7

C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices 5

C10.Local to Global 3 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

Chart 9 Percentage of actions by Arrigorriaga for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

2% C9.Social Equity and Justice 4% 5% C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 23% 7% C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability

C1.Governance

9% C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy

C3.Natural Common Goods

9% 17% C7.Local Action for Health C5.Planning and Design

C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices 11% 13% C10.Local to Global

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

37 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Project «Sustainability»

Balmaseda

Chart 10 Number of actions taken by Balmaseda for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

OVERALL TOTAL 333

C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices 88

C3.Natural Common Goods 49

C9.Social Equity and Justice 40

C5.Planning and Design 37

C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy 35

C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 33

C1.Governance 31

C7.Local Action for Health 9

C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability 7

C10.Local to Global 4 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

Chart 11 Percentage of actions taken by Balmaseda for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

2% 1% 3% C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices

C3.Natural Common Goods 9% 26% C9.Social Equity and Justice

C5.Planning and Design 10% C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy

C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc

11% C1.Governance

15% C7.Local Action for Health

11% C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability

12% C10.Local to Global

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

38 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Results

Barakaldo

Chart 12 Number of actions taken by Barakaldo for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

OVERALL TOTAL 136 C1.Governance 69

C9.Social Equity and Justice 39 C7.Local Action for Health 14 C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy 6

C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 2

C5.Planning and Design 2

C3.Natural Common Goods 2

C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices 1

C10.Local to Global 1

C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

Chart 13 Percentage of actions taken by Barakaldo for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

1% 1% 1% 1% 0% C1.Governance 2% 4% C9.Social Equity and Justice

C7.Local Action for Health 10% C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy

C3.Natural Common Goods

C5.Planning and Design

51% C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc

29% C10.Local to Global

C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices

C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

39 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Project «Sustainability»

Basauri

Chart 14 Number of actions taken by Basauri for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

OVERALL TOTAL 207

C1.Governance 41

C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 36

C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices 33

C3.Natural Common Goods 30

C9.Social Equity and Justice 21

C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability 14

C5.Planning and Design 11

C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy 10

C7.Local Action for Health 9

C10.Local to Global 2 0 50 100 150 200 250

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

Chart 15 Percentage of actions taken by Basauri for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

1% C1.Governance 4% 5% C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 20% 5% C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices

7% C3.Natural Common Goods C9.Social Equity and Justice

10% C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability 17% C5.Planning and Design

C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy

15% C7.Local Action for Health 16% C10.Local to Global

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

40 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Results

Berango

Chart 16 Number of actions taken by Berango for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

OVERALL TOTAL 234

C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 65

C9.Social Equity and Justice 51

C1.Governance 35

C7.Local Action for Health 22

C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability 18

C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy 16

C5.Planning and Design 14

C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices 6

C10.Local to Global 4

C3.Natural Common Goods 3 0 50 100 150 200 250

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

Chart 17 Percentage of actions taken by Berango for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

2% 1% C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 2% 6% C9.Social Equity and Justice C1.Governance 7% 28% C7.Local Action for Health

8% C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability

C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy

9% C5.Planning and Design C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices

22% C10.Local to Global 15% C3.Natural Common Goods

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

41 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Project «Sustainability»

Bermeo

Chart 18 Number of actions taken by Bermeo for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

OVERALL TOTAL 226

C1.Governance 51

C9.Social Equity and Justice 40

C5.Planning and Design 37

C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 34

C7.Local Action for Health 28

C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy 18

C3.Natural Common Goods 8

C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability 6

C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices 3

C10.Local to Global 1 0 50 100 150 200 250

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

Chart 19 Percentage of actions taken by Bermeo for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

1% 3% 0% C1.Governance

4% C9.Social Equity and Justice

8% 23% C5.Planning and Design

C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc

12% C7.Local Action for Health

C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy

C3.Natural Common Goods 18% C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability 15% C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices

16% C10.Local to Global

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

42 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Results

Berriz

Chart 20 Number of actions taken by Berriz for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

OVERALL TOTAL 155

C9.Social Equity and Justice 52 C1.Governance 27

C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability 15

C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 14

C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices 11

C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy 10

C3.Natural Common Goods 10

C7.Local Action for Health 8

C5.Planning and Design 8

C10.Local to Global 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

Chart 21 Percentage of actions taken by Berriz for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

0% C9.Social Equity and Justice 5% 5% C1.Governance

6% C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability 34% C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 7% C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices

C3.Natural Common Goods 7% C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy

9% C5.Planning and Design C7.Local Action for Health 10% 17% C10.Local to Global

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

43 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Project «Sustainability»

Bilbao

Chart 22 Number of actions taken by Bilbao for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

OVERALL TOTAL 606

C9.Social Equity and Justice 117

C1.Governance 91

C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 75

C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices 74

C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy 63

C3.Natural Common Goods 62

C7.Local Action for Health 45

C5.Planning and Design 37

C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability 25

C10.Local to Global 17 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

Chart 23 Percentage of actions taken by Bilbao for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

3% 4% C9.Social Equity and Justice

6% C1.Governance 19% C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 8% C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices

C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy

10% 15% C3.Natural Common Goods

C7.Local Action for Health

11% C5.Planning and Design 12% C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability 12% C10.Local to Global

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

44 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Results

Derio

Chart 24 Number of actions taken by Derio for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

OVERALL TOTAL 308 C9.Social Equity and Justice 94 C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy 44 C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 35 C1.Governance 32

C7.Local Action for Health 29

C3.Natural Common Goods 20

C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability 20

C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices 18

C5.Planning and Design 12

C10.Local to Global 4 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

Chart 25 Percentage of actions taken by Derio for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

1% 4% C9.Social Equity and Justice

6% C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy

7% C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 31% C1.Governance 7% C7.Local Action for Health

C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability 9% C3.Natural Common Goods

C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices 10% 14% C5.Planning and Design

11% C10.Local to Global

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

45 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Project «Sustainability»

Durango

Chart 26 Number of actions taken by Durango for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

OVERALL TOTAL 223

C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 48

C9.Social Equity and Justice 45

C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices 25

C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy 22

C3.Natural Common Goods 22

C1.Governance 21

C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability 16

C10.Local to Global 9

C5.Planning and Design 8

C7.Local Action for Health 7 0 50 100 150 200 250

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

Chart 27 Percentage of actions taken by Durango for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 4% 3% 4% C9.Social Equity and Justice 22% 7% C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices C3.Natural Common Goods

9% C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy C1.Governance

20% C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability 10% C10.Local to Global

C5.Planning and Design 10% 11% C7.Local Action for Health

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

46 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Results

Elorrio

Chart 28 Number of actions taken by Elorrio for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

OVERALL TOTAL 168 C9.Social Equity and Justice 40

C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability 23

C1.Governance 22 C3.Natural Common Goods 18

C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy 17

C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices 15 C5.Planning and Design 14

C7.Local Action for Health 9

C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 8

C10.Local to Global 2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

Chart 29 Percentage of actions taken by Elorrio for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

1% C9.Social Equity and Justice 5% 5% C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability

24% C1.Governance 8% C3.Natural Common Goods

C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy 9% C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices

C5.Planning and Design 14% 10% C7.Local Action for Health

C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 11% 13% C10.Local to Global

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

47 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Project «Sustainability»

Erandio

Chart 30 Number of actions taken by Erandio for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

OVERALL TOTAL 103

C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy 27

C9.Social Equity and Justice 20

C1.Governance 14

C7.Local Action for Health 13 C5.Planning and Design 9

C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices 8

C3.Natural Common Goods 6

C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 4

C10.Local to Global 1

C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability 1 0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

Chart 31 Percentage of actions taken by Erandio for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

1% 1% C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy 4% 6% C9.Social Equity and Justice C1.Governance 8% 26% C7.Local Action for Health

C5.Planning and Design 9% C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices

C3.Natural Common Goods

13% 19% C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc

C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability

13% C10.Local to Global

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

48 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Results

Ermua

Chart 32 Number of actions taken by Ermua for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

OVERALL TOTAL 353

C1.Governance 174

C9.Social Equity and Justice 85

C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 16

C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices 16

C7.Local Action for Health 13

C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy 12

C5.Planning and Design 12

C3.Natural Common Goods 12

C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability 12

C10.Local to Global 1 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

Chart 33 Percentage of actions taken by Ermua for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

0% 3% 3% C1.Governance 3% 4% C9.Social Equity and Justice 4% C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices

5% C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc C7.Local Action for Health

5% 49% C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability

C3.Natural Common Goods

C5.Planning and Design

24% C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy

C10.Local to Global

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

49 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Project «Sustainability»

Etxebarri

Chart 34 Number of actions taken by Etxebarri for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

OVERALL TOTAL 135 C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 43

C9.Social Equity and Justice 39

C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy 19

C3.Natural Common Goods 10

C5.Planning and Design 5

C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices 5

C1.Governance 5

C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability 4

C7.Local Action for Health 3

C10.Local to Global 2 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

Chart 35 Percentage of actions taken by Etxebarri for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

1% 3% 2% C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc

4% C9.Social Equity and Justice 4% C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy 4% 32% C3.Natural Common Goods 7% C1.Governance

C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices

C5.Planning and Design 14% C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability

C7.Local Action for Health 29% C10.Local to Global

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

50 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Results

Galdakano

Chart 36 Number of actions taken by Galdakano for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

OVERALL TOTAL 209 C9.Social Equity and Justice 48

C1.Governance 41

C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 34

C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability 23

C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy 21

C3.Natural Common Goods 13

C7.Local Action for Health 11

C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices 7

C5.Planning and Design 6

C10.Local to Global 5 0 50 100 150 200 250

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

Chart 37 Percentage of actions taken by Galdakano for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

3% 3% 3% C9.Social Equity and Justice C1.Governance 5% 23% C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 6% C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability

C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy 10% C3.Natural Common Goods

C7.Local Action for Health 20% 11% C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices C5.Planning and Design

16% C10.Local to Global

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

51 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Project «Sustainability»

Gernika-Lumo

Chart 38 Number of actions taken by Gernika-Lumo for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

OVERALL TOTAL 120

C9.Social Equity and Justice 26

C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 20

C3.Natural Common Goods 13

C1.Governance 13

C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy 12

C7.Local Action for Health 12

C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices 9

C5.Planning and Design 8

C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability 4

C10.Local to Global 3 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

Chart 39 Percentage of actions taken by Gernika-Lumo for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

2% 3% C9.Social Equity and Justice

C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 7% 22% C1.Governance 7% C3.Natural Common Goods

C7.Local Action for Health

10% C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy

17% C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices

C5.Planning and Design 10% C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability 11% 11% C10.Local to Global

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

52 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Results

Getxo

Chart 40 Number of actions taken by Getxo for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

OVERALL TOTAL 110

C1.Governance 25

C3.Natural Common Goods 19

C9.Social Equity and Justice 15

C4.Consumo y formas de vida responsables 15

C7.Local Action for Health 11

C5.Planning and Design 11

C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 6

C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy 4

C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability 4

C10.Local to Global 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

Chart 41 Percentage of actions taken by Getxo for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

0% C1.Governance 4% 3% 5% C3.Natural Common Goods 23% C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices

10% C9.Social Equity and Justice

C5.Planning and Design

10% C7.Local Action for Health

17% C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability

14% C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy 14% C10.Local to Global

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

53 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Project «Sustainability»

Gorliz

Chart 42 Number of actions taken by Gorliz for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

OVERALL TOTAL 239

C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 65

C9.Social Equity and Justice 35

C1.Governance 29

C7.Local Action for Health 27

C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability 25

C3.Natural Common Goods 21

C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices 14

C5.Planning and Design 10

C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy 9

C10.Local to Global 4 0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

Chart 43 Percentage of actions taken by Gorliz for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

2% C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 4% 4% C9.Social Equity and Justice 6% C1.Governance 27% C7.Local Action for Health 9% C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability

C3.Natural Common Goods

10% C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices

15% C5.Planning and Design

11% C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy 12% C10.Local to Global

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

54 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Results

Güeñes

Chart 44 Number of actions taken by Güeñes for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

OVERALL TOTAL 94 C9.Social Equity and Justice 19 C3.Natural Common Goods 17 C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy 14

C7.Local Action for Health 9

C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 9

C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability 8

C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices 7

C1.Governance 6

C5.Planning and Design 4

C10.Local to Global 1 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

Chart 45 Percentage of actions taken by Güeñes for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

1% 4% C9.Social Equity and Justice

6% C3.Natural Common Goods 20% C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy 7% C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc

9% C7.Local Action for Health C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability

18% C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices 10% C1.Governance

C5.Planning and Design 10% 15% C10.Local to Global

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

55 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Project «Sustainability»

Leioa

Chart 46 Number of actions taken by Leioa for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

OVERALL TOTAL 315 C1.Governance 56 C9.Social Equity and Justice 55 C5.Planning and Design 43

C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy 33 C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 28 C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability 28 C3.Natural Common Goods 27 C7.Local Action for Health 22 C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices 20

C10.Local to Global 3 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

Chart 47 Percentage of actions taken by Leioa for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

1% C1.Governance 6% C9.Social Equity and Justice 18% 7% C5.Planning and Design

9% C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability

17% C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 9% C3.Natural Common Goods

C7.Local Action for Health 9% C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices 14% 10% C10.Local to Global

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

56 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Results

Lekeitio

Chart 48 Number of actions taken by Lekeitio for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

OVERALL TOTAL 260

C1.Governance 71 C9.Social Equity and Justice 63 C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy 31 C3.Natural Common Goods 24

C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 23

C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices 17

C7.Local Action for Health 12

C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability 11

C5.Planning and Design 8

C10.Local to Global 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

Chart 49 Percentage of actions taken by Lekeitio for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

0% 3% C1.Governance 4% C9.Social Equity and Justice 5% C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy 7% 27% C3.Natural Common Goods

9% C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices

C7.Local Action for Health 9% C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability

24% C5.Planning and Design 12% C10.Local to Global

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

57 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Project «Sustainability»

Markina-Xemein

Chart 50 Number of actions taken by Markina-Xemein for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

OVERALL TOTAL 191

C9.Social Equity and Justice 51

C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy 35

C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability 21

C1.Governance 21

C3.Natural Common Goods 20

C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 17

C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices 16

C7.Local Action for Health 7

C5.Planning and Design 3

C10.Local to Global 0 0 50 100 150 200 250

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

Chart 51 Percentage of actions by Markina-Xemein for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

2% 0% C9.Social Equity and Justice 4% 8% C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy

27% C1.Governance 9% C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability

C3.Natural Common Goods

C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 10% C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices

C7.Local Action for Health 18% 11% C5.Planning and Design

11% C10.Local to Global

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

58 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Results

Mungia Chart 52 Number of actions taken by Mungia for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

OVERALL TOTAL 219 C9.Social Equity and Justice 68

C1.Governance 38

C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability 30

C3.Natural Common Goods 19

C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy 17

C7.Local Action for Health 14

C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 13

C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices 11

C5.Planning and Design 7

C10.Local to Global 2 0 50 100 150 200 250

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

Chart 53 Percentage of actions taken by Mungia for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

3% 1% C9.Social Equity and Justice 5% C1.Governance 6% C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability

6% 31% C3.Natural Common Goods

C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy 8% C7.Local Action for Health

C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc

9% C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices

C5.Planning and Design 17% 14% C10.Local to Global

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

59 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Project «Sustainability»

Muskiz

Chart 54 Number of actions taken by Muskiz for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

OVERALL TOTAL 245 C9.Social Equity and Justice 83 C1.Governance 44 C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 30

C7.Local Action for Health 24

C3.Natural Common Goods 18

C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy 16

C5.Planning and Design 16

C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability 8

C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices 4

C10.Local to Global 2 0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

Chart 55 Percentage of actions taken by Muskiz for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

2% 1% C9.Social Equity and Justice 3% 7% C1.Governance C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 6% C7.Local Action for Health 34% 7% C3.Natural Common Goods

C5.Planning and Design

C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy 10% C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability

C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices 12% 18% C10.Local to Global

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

60 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Results

Ondarroa

Chart 56 Number of actions taken by Ondarroa for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

OVERALL TOTAL 213 C9.Social Equity and Justice 65 C1.Governance 47

C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 21

C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy 19

C3.Natural Common Goods 19

C5.Planning and Design 17

C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices 11

C7.Local Action for Health 7

C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability 5

C10.Local to Global 2 0 50 100 150 200 250

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

Chart 57 Percentage of actions taken by Ondarroa for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

2% 1% C9.Social Equity and Justice 3% 5% C1.Governance C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 8% 31% C3.Natural Common Goods

C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy 9% C5.Planning and Design

C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices

9% C7.Local Action for Health

C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability 22% 10% C10.Local to Global

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

61 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Project «Sustainability»

Ortuella

Chart 58 Number of actions taken by Ortuella for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

OVERALL TOTAL 124 C9.Social Equity and Justice 35 C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability 18

C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy 17 C1.Governance 16

C5.Planning and Design 12

C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 8

C3.Natural Common Goods 7

C7.Local Action for Health 6

C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices 5 C10.Local to Global 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

Chart 59 Percentage of actions taken by Ortuella for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

0% C9.Social Equity and Justice 4% 5% C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability 6% C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy 28% 6% C1.Governance

C5.Planning and Design

10% C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc

C3.Natural Common Goods

C7.Local Action for Health 14% 13% C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices

14% C10.Local to Global

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

62 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Results

Portugalete

Chart 60 Number of actions taken by Portugalete for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

OVERALL TOTAL 200 C1.Governance 81

C9.Social Equity and Justice 41 C3.Natural Common Goods 16 C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices 15 C7.Local Action for Health 10 C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 10 C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy 8 C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability 8

C5.Planning and Design 8 C10.Local to Global 3 0 50 100 150 200 250

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

Chart 61 Percentage of actions by Portugalete for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

2% C1.Governance 4% 4% C9.Social Equity and Justice 4% C3.Natural Common Goods 5% C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices 5% 40% C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc

C7.Local Action for Health 8% C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability

C5.Planning and Design 8% C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy

20% C10.Local to Global

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

63 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Project «Sustainability»

Santurtzi

Chart 62 Number of actions taken by Santurtzi for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

OVERALL TOTAL 143 C9.Social Equity and Justice 37 C7.Local Action for Health 17

C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices 15

C3.Natural Common Goods 15

C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability 15

C1.Governance 15

C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 11

C5.Planning and Design 9

C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy 8

C10.Local to Global 1 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

Chart 63 Percentage of actions taken by Santurtzi for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

1% C9.Social Equity and Justice 6% 6% C7.Local Action for Health

26% C1.Governance 8% C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability

C3.Natural Common Goods 10% C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices

C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 12% C5.Planning and Design 10% C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy 11% 10% C10.Local to Global

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

64 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Results

Sestao

Chart 64 Number of actions taken by Sestao for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

OVERALL TOTAL 108 C1.Governance 39 C9.Social Equity and Justice 23 C5.Planning and Design 13 C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy 8 C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 6

C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices 6

C3.Natural Common Goods 6

C7.Local Action for Health 5

C10.Local to Global 1

C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability 1 0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

Chart 65 Percentage of actions taken by Sestao for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

1% 1% C1.Governance 5% 6% C9.Social Equity and Justice

6% C5.Planning and Design C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy 5% 36% C3.Natural Common Goods

C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices 7% C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc

C7.Local Action for Health 12% C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability

21% C10.Local to Global

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

65 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Project «Sustainability»

Sopela

Chart 66 Number of actions taken by Sopela for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

OVERALL TOTAL 260

C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 70

C9.Social Equity and Justice 58

C1.Governance 38

C7.Local Action for Health 27

C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy 20

C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability 16

C5.Planning and Design 15

C3.Natural Common Goods 8

C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices 5

C10.Local to Global 3 0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

Chart 67 Percentage of actions taken by Sopela for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

2% 1% C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 3% 6% C9.Social Equity and Justice C1.Governance 6% 27% C7.Local Action for Health

8% C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy

C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability

10% C5.Planning and Design C3.Natural Common Goods 22% C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices 15% C10.Local to Global

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

66 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Results

Trapagaran

Chart 68 Number of actions taken by Trapagaran for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

OVERALL TOTAL 201 C9.Social Equity and Justice 61 C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy 35 C1.Governance 29

C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability 24

C7.Local Action for Health 20

C5.Planning and Design 10

C3.Natural Common Goods 9

C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 7

C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices 5

C10.Local to Global 1 0 50 100 150 200 250

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

Chart 69 Percentage of actions taken by Trapagaran for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

3% 1% C9.Social Equity and Justice 4% 4% C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy

5% C1.Governance 30% C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability

10% C7.Local Action for Health

C5.Planning and Design

C3.Natural Common Goods 12% C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc

17% C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices

14% C10.Local to Global

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

67 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Project «Sustainability»

Zalla

Chart 70 Number of actions taken by Zalla for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

OVERALL TOTAL 120 C1.Governance 25

C9.Social Equity and Justice 24

C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy 15

C5.Planning and Design 14

C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability 14

C7.Local Action for Health 10

C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 7

C3.Natural Common Goods 6

C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices 5

C10.Local to Global 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

Chart 71 Percentage of actions taken by Zalla for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

0% C1.Governance 4% 5% C9.Social Equity and Justice 6% 21% C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy

C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability 8% C5.Planning and Design

C7.Local Action for Health 12% 20% C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc C3.Natural Common Goods

12% C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices 12% C10.Local to Global

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

68 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Results

Total of actions of all Municipalities

Chart 72 Ranking of contributions to the Aalborg+10 Commitments based on the total actions of all municipalities

OVERALL TOTAL 7292

C9.Social Equity and Justice 1668

C1.Governance 1352

C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc 869

C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy 691

C3.Natural Common Goods 576

C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices 550

C7.Local Action for Health 514

C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability 510

C5.Planning and Design 476

C10.Local to Global 86

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

Chart 73 Percentage distribution of contributions to the Aalborg+10 Commitments based on the total actions of all municipalities

0% C9.Social Equity and Justice 4% 5% C1.Governance 6% 21% C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc

8% C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy C3.Natural Common Goods

C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices 12% 20% C7.Local Action for Health C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability

12% C5.Planning and Design 12% C10.Local to Global

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

69 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Project «Sustainability»

4.1.2. Comparison between the contribution and alignment of the municipalities to each Aalborg+10 Commitment

Chart 74 Aggregate number of actions by municipality for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

Zalla Trapagaran Sopela Sestao Santurtzi Portugalete Ortuella Ondarroa Muskiz Mungia C1.Governance Markina-Xemein C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability Lekeitio C3.Natural Common Goods Leioa Güeñes C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices Gorliz C5.Planning and Design Getxo Gernika-Lumo C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc Galdakano C7.Local Action for Health Etxebarri C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Ermua Local Economy Erandio C9.Social Equity and Justice

Elorrio C10.Local to Global Durango Derio Bilbao Berriz Bermeo Berango Basauri Barakaldo Balmaseda Arrigorriaga Amorebieta-Etxano Abanto Zierbena Abadiño

0% 100% 200% 300% 400% 500% 600% 700%

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

70 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Results

Chart 75 Aggregate % of actions in relative terms by municipality for each Aalborg+10 Commitment

Elorrio C10.Local to Global Durango Derio Bilbao Berriz Bermeo Berango Basauri Barakaldo Balmaseda Arrigorriaga Amorebieta-Etxano Abanto Zierbena Abadiño

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

71 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Project «Sustainability»

When making the comparison in relative terms, that is, calculating the percentage that the total actions of each Commitment by municipality represented over the total actions of the municipality, again Commitments 9 and 1 take on a more prominent role (green and blue are predominant).

Looking at the charts and assuming that achieving a sustainable municipality lies in fulfilling the Aalborg+10 Commitments, it follows that the distribution of actions by Commitment is neither uniform nor homogeneous. The demographic, employment-related, historical and cultural characteristics of each particular town or city can cause deviations from an equitable distribution of actions per Commitment, depending on the achievements already made in the areas of sustainability, or depending on the areas that require more work.

4.1.3. Aggregate results of the municipalities analysed in Biscay

Finally, the aggregate results obtained by adding the actions of all sustainability plans of the municipalities analysed are shown. This analysis is conducted on two levels, an aggregate by Commitments and a breakdown of each Commitment and its Sub-commitments.

Results for each Commitment As stated in the chart, taking into account the aggregate of all municipal actions for each Aalborg+10 Commitment, the results indicate that Commitments 9 and 1, related to equality and social justice and governance have a prevailing role in the sustainability plans analysed for Biscay.

Based on the analysed data it can be confirmed that Commitment 9 is the most widespread, with a total of 1668 actions planned by the local governments, 23% of the actions. When adding to this fact the existence of a second commitment, ‘Commitment 1: Governance’, with 19% of the actions—a total of 1352—it is clear that the remaining eight commitments do not have equal visibility or receive the same attention.

72 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Results

Chart 76 % that each Aalborg+10 Commitment represents out of the total actions by the municipalities in Biscay

1% 6% C9.Social Equity and Justice

7% 23% C1.Governance C6.Better Mobility, Less Trafﬁc

7% C8.Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy

C3.Natural Common Goods 8% C4.Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices

C7.Local Action for Health 19% 8% C2.Local Management Towards Sustainability

C5.Planning and Design 9% 12% C10.Local to Global

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

869 actions (12%) were related to ‘Commitment 6: Better Mobility and Less traffic’, since there is a true association between sustainability and accessibility in our society.

‘Commitment 8: Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy’ is the next Commitment with greater percentage, with 9.48%, and a total of 691 planned actions. Programmes to boost employment and municipal trade have seen significant cuts over the last five years. This is to be taken into account, since the plans were not devised in real time, that is, at the time when the crisis was at its height.

After the commitment related to the economy, the actions become quantitatively balanced, as Commitment 3 (Natural Common Goods, 8%, 576 actions); Commitment 4 (Responsible Consumption and Lifestyles, 8%, 550 actions); Commitment 7 (Local Action for Health, 7%, 514 actions) and Commitment 2 (Local Management towards Sustainability, 7%, 576 actions) received the same level of attention.

73 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Project «Sustainability»

The Commitment ranked in the ninth place was’ Commitment 5: Planning and Design. ‘ Technically it should have been driven by the efforts of the Biscay municipalities in terms of pedestrianised roads, accessibility to municipal and public buildings, investment in infrastructure to facilitate and improve the quality of life, etc.

As mentioned elsewhere in this study, ‘Commitment 10: From Local to Global’ received the least attention. Only 86 of the 7,292 existing actions addressed this Commitment, a mere 1.18%.

Aggregated results for each Commitment and Sub-commitment Before breaking down each the Pledges individually, it is interesting to see the raw data in order to gain a certain perspective of the 50 existing Sub-commitments in the Aalborg+10 Commitments:

Table 3 Distribution of the total actions by Commitments and Sub-commitments

Commitment 1 . Governance

SC1 SC2 SC3 SC4 SC5 N.º Ac 157 480 375 192 148 1,352 % total 2.15 6.58 5.14 2.63 2.03

Commitment 2 . Local Management Towards Sustainability

SC1 SC2 SC3 SC4 SC5 N.º Ac 326 19 21 141 3 510 % total 4.47 0.26 0.29 1.93 0.04

Commitment 3 . Natural Common Goods

SC1 SC2 SC3 SC4 SC5 N.º Ac 97 206 202 34 37 576 % total 1.33 2.83 2.77 0.47 0.51

Commitment 4 . Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices

SC1 SC2 SC3 SC4 SC5 N.º Ac 153 101 236 10 50 550 % total 2.10 1.39 3.24 0.14 0.69

Commitment 5 . Planning and Design

SC1 SC2 SC3 SC4 SC5 N.º Ac 68 80 89 103 136 476 % total 0.93 1.10 1.22 1.41 1.87

Commitment 6 . Better Mobility, Less Traffic

SC1 SC2 SC3 SC4 SC5 N.º Ac 311 176 64 200 118 869 % total 4.26 2.41 0.88 2.74 1.62

Commitment 7 . Local Action for Health

SC1 SC2 SC3 SC4 SC5 N.º Ac 301 81 29 62 41 514 % total 4.13 1.11 0.40 0.85 0.56

Commitment 8 . Vibrant and Sustainable Local Economy

SC1 SC2 SC3 SC4 SC5 N.º Ac 335 149 37 65 105 691 % total 4.59 2.04 0.51 0.89 1.44

Commitment 9 . Social Equality and Justice

SC1 SC2 SC3 SC4 SC5 N.º Ac 120 882 428 122 116 1,668 % total 1.65 12.10 5.87 1.67 1.59

Commitment 10 . Local to Global

SC1 SC2 SC3 SC4 SC5 N.º Ac 18 5 16 12 35 86 % total 0.25 0.07 0.22 0.16 0.48

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

The two Sub-commitments with the highest number of actions were found in the Commitments best served by municipalities, namely:

— ‘SC2 of Commitment 9: Ensure equitable access to public services, education, employment opportunities, training, information, and cultural activities’. It represented 12.10% of the actions analysed, a total of 882 actions. — ‘SC2 of Commitment 1: Build participation and sustainable development capacity in the local community and municipal administration’. 480 actions were aimed at this Sub-commitment, representing 6.58% of the actions designed by local governments.

The Sub-commitments with the fewest actions addressed to them were:

— ‘SC5 of Commitment 2: Cooperate with the European Sustainable Cities & Towns Campaign and its networks to monitor and evaluate our progress towards meeting our sustainability targets’. Only 3 actions were aimed at this Sub-commitment out of the 7,292 actions in the sample. That accounted for 0.04% in percentage terms. — ‘SC2 of Commitment 10: Mainstream climate protection policy into our policies in the areas of energy, transport, procurement, waste, agriculture, and forestry’. This represented 0.07% of the actions designed by the local governments, that is, 5 actions’.

The breakdown of actions associated with each Sub-commitment is shown below, in order to see the specific aspects of each Commitment with the greatest percentage of municipal actions aimed at them.

Chart 77 % of actions per Sub-commitment out of the total of municipal actions for Commitment 1

Commitment 1: Governance

SC2. Build participation and sustainable development capacity 11% in the local community and municipal administration.

SC3. Invite all sectors of local society to participate effectively 12% in decision-making. 35% SC4. Make our decisions open, accountable and transparent.

14% SC1. Further develop a commonly shared long-term vision for a sustainable city or a town.

SC5. Cooperate effectively and in partnership with adjoining 28% municipalities, other cities and towns, and other spheres of government.

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

Chart 78 % of actions per Sub-commitment out of the total of municipal actions for Commitment 2

Commitment 2: Local management towards sustainability

SC1. Strengthen Local Agenda 21 or other local sustainability 0% processes and mainstream them into the heart of local government. 4% 4% SC4. Ensure that sustainability issues are central to urban decision-making processes and that resource allocation is based on strong and broad sustainability criteria.

28% SC3. Set targets and time schemes in the framework of the Aalborg Commitments and create and follow the Aalborg Commitments monitoring review.

SC2. Deliver integrated management towards sustainability, based 64% on the precautionary principle and with regard to the forthcoming EU Thematic Strategy on the Urban Environment.

SC5. Cooperate with the European Sustainable Cities & Towns Campaign and its networks to monitor and evaluate our progress towards meeting our sustainability targets.

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

Chart 79 % of actions per Sub-commitment out of the total of municipal actions for Commitment 3

Commitment 3: Natural common goods

SC2. Improve water quality, save water, and use water 6% more efﬁciently. 6%

SC3. Promote and increase biodiversity, and extend and care for designated nature areas and green spaces. 36% 17% SC1.Reduce primary energy consumption, and increase the share of renewable energies.

SC5. Improve Air Quality

SC4. Improve soil quality, preserve ecologically productive land and promote sustainable agriculture and forestry. 35%

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

Chart 80 % of actions per Sub-commitment out of the total of municipal actions for Commitment 4

Commitment 4: Responsible consumption and lifestyle choices

9% SC3. Avoid unnecessary energy consumption, and improve end-use energy efﬁciency.

SC1. Avoid and reduce waste, and increase re-use and recycling. 18%

43% SC2. Manage and treat waste in accordance with best practice standards.

SC5. Actively promote sustainable consumption and production for goods with an ecological, organic, ethical o fair trade label.

SC4. Undertake sustainable procurement. 28%

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

Chart 81 % of actions per Sub-commitment out of the total of municipal actions for Commitment 5

Commitment 5: Planning and design

SC5. Apply requirements for sustainable design and construction and promote high quality architecture and building technologies. 14%

28% SC4. Ensure appropriate conservation, renovation and use/re-use of our urban cultural heritage.

17% SC3. Ensure the mixed use of buildings and developments with a good balance of jobs, housing and services, giving priority to residential use in city centres.

SC2.Avoid urban sprawl by achieving appropriate urban densities and prioritising brownﬁeld site over greenﬁeld site development. 19% 22%

SC1. Re-use and regenerate derelict or disadvantaged areas.

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

Chart 82 % of actions per Sub-commitment out of the total of municipal actions for Commitment 6

Commitment 6: Better mobility, less traffic

7% SC1. Reduce the necessity for private motorised transport and promote attractive alternatives accessible to all.

14% SC4.Develop an integrated and sustainable urban mobility plan. 36%

SC2. Increase the share of journeys made by public transport, on foot and by bicycle.

20% SC5. Reduce the impact of transport on the environment and public health.

SC3. Encourage transition to low-emission vehicles. 23%

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

Chart 83 % of actions per Sub-commitment out of the total of municipal actions for Commitment 7

Commitment 7: Local action for health

SC1. Raise awareness and take action on the wider determinants 6% of health, most of which lie outside the health sector. 8% SC2. promote city health development planning, which provides our cities with a means to build and maintain strategic partnerships for health. 12%

SC4. Promote the assesment of impacts in health, as a way for all industries to work towards a better health and quality of live. 58%

16% SC5. Mobilise urban planners to integrate health considerations in their planning strategies and initiatives.

SSC3. Reduce inequalities in health and address poverty, which will require regular reporting on progress towards reducing the gaps.

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

Chart 84 % of actions per Sub-commitment out of the total of municipal actions for Commitment 8

Commitment 8: Vibrant and sustainable local economy

5% 9% SC1. Adopt measures that stimulate and support local employment and business start-ups.

SC2. Cooperate with local businesses to promote and implement good corporate practice. 15% 49% SC5. Promote sustainable local tourism.

SC4. Encourage markets for high quality local and regional produce.

SC3. Develop and implement sustainability principles for the location of businesses. 22%

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

Chart 85 % of actions per Sub-commitment out of the total of municipal actions for Commitment 9

Commitment 9: Social equality and justice

7% SC2. Ensure equitable access to public services, education, employment opportunities, training, information, and 7% cultural activities.

7% SC3. Foster social inclusion and gender equality.

SC4. Improve community safety and security. 53%

SC1. Develop and implement programmes to prevent and 26% alleviate poverty.

SC5. Secure good quality and socially integrated housing and living conditions.

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

Chart 86 % of actions per Sub-commitment out of the total of municipal actions for Commitment 10

Commitment 10: Local to global

SC5.Strengthen the international cooperation of towns and cities 6% and develop local responses to global problems in partnership with local governments, communities and relevant stakeholders. 14% SC1.Develop and follow a strategic and integrated approach to mitigate climate change, and work towards a sustainable level of greenhouse gas emissions. 41% SC3. Raise awareness of the causes and probable impacts of climate change, and integrate preventive actions into our climate change policy. 18%

SC4. Reduce our impact on the global environment and promote the principle of environmental justice.

SC2. Mainstream climate protection policy into our policies in the 21% areas of energy, transport, procurement, waste, agriculture, and forestry.

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

4.1.4. Results for Sustainability Action Plans analysed

For this section, a table with multiple entries and the order of the qualitative analysis of these data will be taken as a reference. These will be organised according to the plan that contained the most actions.

Local Agenda 21 Plan

A total of 35 Local Agenda 21 plans were analysed, with a total of 3,566 actions. These account for 48.90% of the total actions analysed in the current study (7,292). Once again, ‘Commitment 9: Social Equity and Justice’, is shown to prevail over others, since it represented 19.35% of the Local Agenda actions, with 690 actions.

In line with the trend observed so far, ‘Commitment 10, From the Local to Global’, which was represented by the lowest number of actions (59), accounted for 1.65% of the actions in the Agendas.

Equality Plan

34 municipalities have a plan for gender equality. However, due to the financial crisis, municipal reorganisations and the possibility of transferring powers regarding equality issues, not all towns and cities have their own Equality Plan, but instead implement a plan defined by the various municipal associations. This is the case for: Berango, Gorliz and Sopela, which are implementing the Uribe-Kosta Equality Plan.

The criterion used by Deusto Social Innovation for the distribution of the actions by Commitment was the same for the three municipalities of Uribe-Kosta, that is, they were classified in exactly the same way (the same fact sheet for each municipality). However, as discussed in the methodology section, these sheets were validated both by the experts in the municipal association and by those in each of the individual municipalities included in the association. Hence there may be some deviations in numbers in the distribution of actions by Commitment in

AGENDA 21 TOTAL ACTIONS TOTAL

260 273 570 100

3.57 3.74 7.82 3.566 48.90 2,623 35.97 7,292

Local to global to Local

. C10 0 0 6 59 11 10

0.00 0.23 6.98 1.18 1.65 68.60 4.03 12.79 1.75 11.63

justice Social equity and and equity Social

0 0 5

. C9 38

690 935

0.00 1.83 0.30 6.67 2.28 19.35 41.37 35.65 56.06 1,668 22.87

economy

sustainable local local sustainable Vibrant and and Vibrant

12 22 20

481 156 691

4.62 1.74 8.06 3.18 3.51 2.89 9.48 . C8 13.49 69.61 5.95 22.58

Local action for health for action Local

. C7 0 0 9 17

215 273 514

0.00 3.30 1.75 2.98 3.31 7.05 6.03 41.83 10.41 53.11

less traffic

Better mobility, mobility, Better

. C6 41 58 31

416 323 869

1.18 3.57 11.67 47.87 15.77 4.72 21.25 6.67 56.67 37.17 11.92

Planning and design and Planning

. C5 39 15 19 66 73 279 476

8.19 6.96 3.99 6.53 7.82 58.61 11.58 13.87 2.78 15.34

Aalborg+10 Commitments

lifestyle choices lifestyle

consumption and and consumption Responsible Responsible 6 0

97 73

Table 4

374 550

1.05 1.09 0.00 0.00 7.54

. C4 10.49 68.00 37.31 17.64 26.74 13.27

goods Natural common common Natural

6 0

. C3 37 32

501 576

1.05 1.04 0.00 0.00 7.90 14.05 86.98 14.23 6.42 11.72 5.56

towards sustainability towards

Local management management Local

. C2 21 18 16

180 275 510

8.08 4.12 6.59 3.53 2.81 3.14 6.99 5.05 35.29 10.48 53.92

Governance

. C1 13 26 68 371 874 5.00 0.96 9.52 1.92 10.40 27.44 11.93 5.03 33.32 64.64 1,352 18.54 Summary of actions by Commitment and plan analysed PERCENTAGE TOTALS AGGREGATE TOTAL ACTIONS Developed by the authors from sustainability plans. % P21 % Commitment % PAES % Commitment % PCC % Commitment % PM % Commitment % PI % Commitment

Total actions Biscay municipalities P21 Total actions Biscay municipalities PAES Total actions Biscay municipalities PCC Total actions Biscay municipalities PM Total actions Biscay municipalities PI PLANS ANALYSED PLANS Source:

83 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Project «Sustainability» each municipality, depending on whether the staff responsible for approving the actions considered that certain actions of the joint plan were not related to their municipality.

Deusto Social Innovation want to make clear, however, that the absence of an Equality Plan in the municipality of Etxebarri does not imply that there were no actions aimed at achieving equality between men and women. This local government recognised the cross-cutting nature of its powers regarding equality and applied measures, actions and activities in all of the Council’s departments and all of the services available to the public. The local authority in Etxebarri has engaged in long-standing equality processes and actions, but they have not been implemented into a comprehensive plan.

Returning to the analysis table, and taking into account the above, the actions included in the equality plans analysed accounted for 35.97% of the total actions. This confirms once again the hegemony of the Commitment 9, since the actions identified within it represented 35.65% of the 2623 actions in the sample of equality plans. The pattern whereby ‘Commitment 10: From Local to Global’ was the least represented no longer exists. This may be due to the fact that other countries, organisations and entities have a greater weight in terms of equality policies. International Women’s Day, International Day Against Gender-based Violence and the implementation of European policies may explain this. In this case Commitment 3: Natural common goods’ and ‘Commitment 4: Responsible consumption and lifestyle choices’ were notably absent in the equality plans (0%).

Sustainable Mobility Plan

Of the 35 municipalities analysed to date, 13 have a Mobility plan available: Abadiño, Arrigorriaga, Basauri, Berango, Bermeo, Durango, Ermua, Etxebarri, Galdakao, Gernika-Lumo, Gorliz, Muskiz and Sopela.

However, as mentioned above, there is a tendency to implement the plans of municipal associations, as in the case of:

— Berango, Gorliz and Sopela, which apply the Uribe-Kosta Mobility Plan. — Arrigorriaga and Galdakao, which apply the Nerbioi-Ibaizabal Mobility Plan.

Mobility plans accounted for 7.82%, 570, of the total number of actions identified in the plans. There is a positive correlation in terms of the predominant Commitment and the Commitment’s raison d’être. The Commitment that appears the most is ‘Commitment 6: Better Mobility, Less Traffic’ with 323 actions (56.67% of 570 actions). The least represented Commitments in the Mobility Plans were ‘Commitment 3: Natural Common Goods’, and ‘Commitment 4: Responsible consumption and lifestyle choices’, both of which had 6 actions and accounted for 1.05% of the total number of actions contained in the mobility plans.

Plan to Combat Climate Change

Balmaseda, Bilbao and Durango have a Plan to Combat Climate Change. This accounted for 3.74% of the 7,292 actions that make up the sample, totalling 273 actions between them.

The predominant Commitment in the climate change plans is ‘Commitment 4: Responsible consumption and lifestyle choices’, with 73 actions, representing 26.74% of the total. The Commitment with the least presence, logically enough, was Commitment 9, with only 5 actions.

Particularly striking is the lack of presence of ‘Commitment 10: Local to Global’ in this section, since the Sub-commitments contained within in are intrinsically related to climate change.

Renewable Energy Plan

This is the least widespread plan among the Councils analysed in Biscay. Abanto Zierbena, Balmaseda (recently approved), Basauri and Bilbao proposed 260 actions (3.57%) largely focused on ‘Commitment 4: Responsible Consumption and Lifestyle Choices’ (37.31%), with 97 actions.

As to Action Plans for Sustainable Energy (abbreviated in Spanish as ‘PAES’), there were no actions related to Commitments 7, 9 and 10. It is also relevant and worth noting that ‘Commitment 3: Natural Common Goods’ was not the second major commitment, since the Sub-commitments included in this Commitment are directly related to the sustainable use of energy.

4 .2 . Analysis of Sustainability Budgets

The following methodology was used for the analysis of the budgets regarding the Aalborg+10 Commitments:

— Firstly, the Budget Integration Reports were analysed1, with each of the corresponding items being assigned to the relevant Commitment. — Secondly, the breakdown of both the Income and Expenses from the budgets provided by the Biscay Authority was analysed. The following decision was made: • To reject the Expenses breakdown, since the items overlapped with those already covered in the Budget Integration Report. • To use the Income breakdown, as the items contained in sections 4 and 7 were not included in the Budget Integration Report in an itemised manner.

The analysis and corresponding charts below were produced by combining the Income and Expenditure in the Budget Integration Report, along with the broken down Income in sections 4 and 7.

Chart 87 shows that the capital city of Biscay, Bilbao, has the highest Income and Expenses (and is also the municipality with the most actions), followed by Barakaldo.

In order to better understand the charts shown below, which are related to income and expenditure by Commitment, it is necessary to have access to the total figures obtained from the budget items analysed and their allocation.

1 Data collected from http://apps.bizkaia.net/UDIT/

Chart 87 Aggregate income and expenditure by municipality

500,000,000 €

400,000,000 €

300,000,000 € Expenses Income 200,000,000 €

100,000,000 €

0 € LEIOA DERIO ZALLA BERRIZ GETXO GORLIZ BILBAO ERMUA SOPELA MUSKIZ SESTAO GÜEÑES LEKEITIO ELORRIO BERMEO MUNGIA BASAURI ERANDIO ABADIÑO BERANGO ORTUELLA DURANGO ETXEBARRI –100,000,000 € SANTURTZI ONDARROA BALMASEDA BARAKALDO GALDAKANO TRAPAGARAN PORTUGALETE ARRIGORRIAGA GERNIKA-LUMO ABANTO ZIERBENA MARKINA - XEMEIN

–200,000,000 € AMOREBIETA-ETXANO

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

Chart 88 Aggregate income and expenditure by municipality per inhabitant

2,500 €

2,000 € Expenses/inhab. 1,500 € Income/inhab.

1,000 €

500 €

0 € LEIOA DERIO ZALLA BERRIZ GETXO GORLIZ BILBAO ERMUA SOPELA MUSKIZ SESTAO GÜEÑES LEKEITIO ELORRIO BERMEO MUNGIA BASAURI

–500 € ERANDIO

ABADIÑO BERANGO ORTUELLA DURANGO ETXEBARRI SANTURTZI ONDARROA BALMASEDA BARAKALDO GALDAKANO TRAPAGARAN PORTUGALETE ARRIGORRIAGA –1,000 € GERNIKA-LUMO ABANTO ZIERBENA MARKINA - XEMEIN AMOREBIETA-ETXANO –1,500 €

–2,000 €

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

Table 5 Budget summary: income and expenses by Commitment

Expenses Income No . of actions Commitment 1 13,125.00 € 188,481.01 € 1,352 Commitment 2 44,412,74 € 596,526.15 € 510 Commitment 3 36,469,332.33 € 48,531,794.54 € 576 Commitment 4 117,987,392.19 € 55,388,708.39 € 550 Commitment 5 161,064,289.00 € 27,654,490.73 € 476 Commitment 6 97,050,189.52 € 75,648,890.89 € 869 Commitment 7 81,092,296.69 € 660,487.41 € 514 Commitment 8 40,430,337.80 € 79,802,020.82 € 691 Commitment 9 436,460,966.60 € 49,104,424.13 € 1,668 Commitment 10 8,273,857.85 € 172,422.69 € 86 Total 978,886,199.72 € 337,748,246.76 € 7,292 Source: Developed by the authors.

Chart 89 % income allocated by Commitment

0% 0% 0% COMMITMENT 1

COMMITMENT 2 15% 14% COMMITMENT 3

COMMITMENT 4

COMMITMENT 5 17% COMMITMENT 6 24% COMMITMENT 7

COMMITMENT 8 8% COMMITMENT 9

0% COMMITMENT 10 22%

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

Chart 90 % expenses allocated by Commitment

0% 1% 0% COMMITMENT 1 4% COMMITMENT 2 12% COMMITMENT 3

COMMITMENT 4

COMMITMENT 5 45% 16% COMMITMENT 6

COMMITMENT 7

COMMITMENT 8

10% COMMITMENT 9

COMMITMENT 10 4% 8%

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

Chart 90 shows an emerging logic in terms of municipal spending. The Commitment with the greatest budget allocation is also the one with the greatest number of municipal actions (Commitment 9).

In the case of ‘Commitment 1: Governance’, some perspective is necessary for its analysis. Commitment 1 is more closely related to an internal change within the administration, rather than to an action per se. That is, it is the responsibility of the council, for example, to take the gender perspective into account in the analyses made by the local authority. This decision or pathway does not involve a direct economic cost.

It is also understandable that the Commitment related to urban planning is the second most important. To mention another case, the decision to correct for blackspots in a municipality involves arranging for a survey to be conducted, paying for the project, the local government accepting the expenses of employing a construction

89 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Project «Sustainability» company etc. In other words, the actions arising from this Commitment have a higher cost than others.

Chart 91 Comparison of municipal income and expenses by commitment

500,000,000 €

450,000,000 €

400,000,000 €

350,000,000 €

300,000,000 €

250,000,000 € Expenses 200,000,000 € Income 150,000,000 €

100,000,000 €

50,000,000 € 0 €

COMMITMENT 1COMMITMENT 2COMMITMENT 3COMMITMENT 4COMMITMENT 5COMMITMENT 6COMMITMENT 7COMMITMENT 8COMMITMENT 9 COMMITMENT 10

Source: Developed by the authors from the sustainability plans.

Following the presentation of the results of both phases (of plans and budgets), the Deusto Social Innovation team are in a position to draw a number of conclusions and propose to the agents involved in the planning, design and implementation of the various sustainability plans analysed, a number of recommendations with the aim of moving forward in the promotion of the Aalborg+10 Commitments towards sustainability.

One of the first aspects to consider after considering the data summary provided in the previous table is the unequal distribution of actions for each Commitment and Sub-commitment. The research team suggests three possible options to account for this situation:

— Distribution based on municipal needs. It is logical that the action plans carried out by the local councils are intended to solve and eradicate problems and dysfunctional aspects of life in the municipality. But on some occasions this may lead to losing a sense of the global perspective. The Aalborg+10 Commitments, apart from constituting an agreement, are also a guiding document, in other words, a roadmap for continuous improvement and excellence. For this reason, the team wish to state the need for not only exclusively concentrating on

91 ©© Universidad University of de Deusto Deusto / /BizkaiLab BizkaiLab - -ISBN ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 978-84-15759-00-0 Project «Sustainability»

‘what needs doing now’, but also on what ‘can be anticipated for the future, both for their own population and for those resident in other municipalities in the mid- and long-term.’ — The absence of certain plans in specific municipalities. As discussed in the results section, not all municipalities have developed the five plans that have been studied here. This means that the results should be analysed taking this fact into account, as will be discussed later. — Misunderstanding of the Sub-commitments. Since there is no detailed breakdown in this regard, the technical experts and the politicians responsible for the areas analysed (Agenda 21, Town Planning, Environment and Equality) lack guidance in terms of stipulating which actions should be part of the Sub-commitments.

Ultimately, Deusto Social Innovation propose to make strong efforts in terms of designing the plans. The purpose of this would be to ensure a balance between municipal demands and the need to cover other aspects, seeking constant improvement in order to achieve more ambitious goals.

To do so, it would be necessary to develop a manual by which the Council could correctly identify each action and match it to the appropriate Sub-commitment. Additionally, the structures of plans would thus become standardised, so the comparison between them would be carried out in a faster, more accurate and more visual way. This document would be related to the structure and contents, and would be conceived as an umbrella text to classify the actions of all the local council’s sustainability plans.

As to the second point, the team have identified a number of circumstances which may also account for the imbalance mentioned above.

After the personnel changes made following the last municipal elections, together with the financial crisis and the cuts imposed, it has been confirmed that the technical experts and politicians engaged in the referred areas are recent additions to the local council. They belong to different political parties to those in power before or have

92 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Conclusion and recommendations been employed in view of the absence of technical personnel from the previous legislature. Consequently, a number of aspects have become more difficult, including:

— The transfer of the information included in the action plans from the previous local government team to the current one, and the follow-up of the plans. This is illustrated by the fact that certain people of different local governments were not aware of the existence and mission of, and steps taken in, the First Conference on Local Sustainability in Bizkaia (Primer Encuentro de Sostenibilidad Local en Bizkaia), held in 2015 with the aim of presenting the current project. — The reduction in the activity levels of the relevant department, including inactivity due to lack of personnel during the previous campaign, meant that the technical experts did not have the necessary capabilities and knowledge to validate or discuss the classifications delivered.

Deusto Social Innovation want to highlight again the need to analyse the results critically, partly because not all municipalities have all of the plans available, and also because many actions may have been included in other Sub-commitments, depending on the variables taken into account.

Regarding the first point, the fact that not all municipalities had 100% of the plans in place, the research team at the University of Deusto wish to record the comments received by the majority of agents who participated in this project. On several occasions, some technical staff members indicated that the local politicians intend to develop the missing plans. As has been mentioned, Local Agendas 21 are the most widespread type of plan, probably because they were a requirement to obtain subsidies. Equality Plans are, after the Agenda 21 plans, the most commonly found, due to social demand and to the local council assuming responsibility for such relevant matters.

The budgets, perhaps the most sensitive phase of the project, were a challenge for the team. How these are presented differs in every local government. Considering two budget items included under the

93 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Project «Sustainability» same heading as equivalent did not confirm that the same actions or the same number of actions had been carried out, or even that the expenditure matched that envisaged in the plans.

One of the goals of Deusto Social Innovation is to carry out scientific research that is applicable and useful for administrations, agents, research staff and the general public. This is why we would suggest taking this study one step further, by conducting a second part of the study that could include the actions eventually carried out in each municipality. This could provide more precise information on the budgetary implications and a more accurate overview of where Biscay municipalities with over 5,000 inhabitants stand with respect to sustainability.

The team of Deusto Social Innovation and the University of Deusto wish to thank the 35 local councils and the local government associations to which they belong, for their close collaboration and long-standing contribution to this study. There has been constant telephone and e-mail contact with them, the willingness of all staff has enabled new alliances and areas to be developed, in a virtual —albeit close— trust-based work environment.

We would like to make a special mention to the Provincial Council of Bizkaia and its staff, especially the Department of Sustainability and the Environment.

7 References

Aalborg Commitments Secretariat. (2004). Aalborg+10 Commitments. Re- trieved on 15 January, 2016, from http://www.sustainablecities.eu/fileadmin/content/JOIN/finaldraftaalborgcommitments.pdf General Assembly of the United Nations. (1987). Report of the World Commis- sion on Environment and Development: Our Common Future (http://www. un-documents.net/our-common-future.pdf ) Programa Bizkaia 21; (2006). Programa Bizkaia 21: estrategia de la Diputacion Foral de Bizkaia para el desarrollo sostenible = Bizkaia 21 Egitasmoa: Biz- kaiko Foru Aldundiaren estrategia garapen iraunkorrerako. (B.D. de M. Am- biente, Ed.) Bizkaia 21 Egitasmoa: Bizkaiko Foru Aldundiaren estrategia garapen iraunkorrerako. Bilbao: [Bilbao]: Bizkaiko Foru Aldundia, Ingurumen Saila = Diputacion Foral de Bizkaia, Departamento de Medio Ambiente. UICN; UNEP and WWF (1992). Caring for the Earth. A Strategy for Sustainable Living. https://portals.iucn.org/library/efiles/edocs/CFE-003.pdf

Municipal documents used, organised alphabetically by municipality

Abadiño

— Abadiño Local Agenda 21, Municipal Sustainability Process (february, 2007).

97 ©© Universidad University of de Deusto Deusto / /BizkaiLab BizkaiLab - -ISBN ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 978-84-15759-00-0 Project «Sustainability»

— Analysis of the use of roads and parking areas in the Traña-Matiena area, Abadiño (data collection, diagnosis and proposals) (2014). — Municipal Plan for Equality between Men and Women, Abadiño (2008- 2011).

Abanto Zierbena — Local Agenda 21, Abanto-Zierbena (2013-2020). — Action Plan for Sustainable Energy in Abanto and Zierbena within the Pacto de los Alcaldes (Mayors’ Agreement) initiative 2012-2020. — Municipal Equality Plan (2016).

Amorebieta-Etxano — Local Agenda 21 Action Plan (2006). — I Municipal Plan for Equality between Men and Women (2005).

Arrigorriaga — Local Agenda 21 for Arrigorriaga. Revision of the Action Plan (2013). — County Sustainable Mobility Plan, Nerbioi-Ibaizabal (2011). — II Equality Plan, Arrigorriaga (2013-2015).

Balmaseda — Action Plan for Sustainability, Balmaseda (2013-2020). — Action Plan for Sustainable Energy, Balmaseda (2012). — Municipal Plan to Combat Climate Change, Balmaseda 2010-2014. — Plan for Equality between Men and Women, Balmaseda (2010-2014).

Barakaldo — Local Agenda 21 Action Plan (2009-2014). — II Plan for Equality between Men and Women, Barakaldo (2006-2010).

Basauri — Revision of Local Agenda 21 Action Plan (March, 2013). — Municipal Action Plan for Sustainable Energy (PAES), Basauri (2012-2020). — Municipal Sustainable Mobility Plan, Basauri (2015-2016). — II Plan for Equal Opportunities between Women and Men in the Municipa- lity of Basauri (2005).

Berango — Local Agenda 21 Action Plan (2020). — Sustainable Mobility Plan in the Uribe Kosta Local Council Association. — II Plan for equality between Women and Men.

Bermeo — Local Agenda 21 Action Plan (2006). — County Plan for Sustainable Mobility, Bermeo (2008-2009). — I Plan for Equality between Women and Men , Bermeo 2010-2013.

Berriz — Action Plan Local Agenda 21 (2006). — IV Plan for Equality between Men and Women, Berriz (2012-2015).

Bilbao — Local Agenda 21 Action Plan (2005-2008). — Action Plan for Sustainable Energy, Bilbao (2012-2020). — Local Action Plan Against Climate Change, Bilbao (2012-2020). — IV Plan for Equality between Men and Women, Bilbao (2017).

Derio — Local Agenda 21 Action Plan (2006). — II Plan for Equality between Men and Women, Derio.

Durango — II Local Agenda 21 Action Plan, Durango (2013-2020). — Municipal Programme to Combat Climate Change, Durango (2010-2015). — Plan for Sustainable Mobility, Durango (2010). — I Plan for Equality between Men and Women, Durango (2011).

Elorrio — Local Agenda 21 Action Plan, Elorrio (2007). — III Municipal Action Plan for Equality between Men and Women, Elorrio (2014).

Erandio — Local Agenda 21 Action Plan, Erandio (2007). — Plan for Equality between Women and Men, Erandio (2010).

Ermua — Action Plan, March, 2006. — Municipal Action Plan for Sustainable Urban Mobility, Ermua. — Action Plan for Sustainable Mobility and in favour of the Climate in the Municipality of Ermua. — III Municipal Plan for Equality between Women and Men, Ermua (2013).

Etxebarri — Action Plan. February, 2013. — Mobility Plan Proposals for Action, Vol III 2007.

Galdakao — Action Plan, February, 2013. — County Plan for Sustainable Mobility in Nerbioi-Ibaizabal (2011). — II Plan for Equality between Women and Men, Galdakao (2014-2017).

Gernika-Lumo — Action Plan, 2012-2020. — Mobility Plan, Gernika Lumo 2012. — II Municipal Plan for Equality between Women and Men Gernika-Lumo (2008-2011).

Getxo — Local Agenda 21 Action Plan (2012-2015). — III Plan for Equality between Women and Men, Getxo (2011-2014).

Gorliz — Action Plan, 2006-2010. — Sustainable Mobility Plan in Uribe Kosta Local Council Association 2009- 2014. — II Plan for Equality between Women and Men.

Güeñes — Action Plan July, 2004. — II Municipal Plan for Equality between Women and Men, Güeñes (2012).

Leioa — Local Agenda 21 Action Plan (2009) — III Plan for Equality between Women and Men, Leioa (2016).

Lekeitio — Local Agenda 21 Action Plan (2005). — Plan for Equality between Men and Women in the Town of Lekeitio (2006- 2009).

Markina-Xemein. — Local Agenda 21 Action Plan (2005) — I Plan for Equality between Women and Men, Markina (2017).

Mungia — III Action Plan, March 2013. — III Municipal Plan for Equality between Women and Men, Mungia (2013).

Muskiz — Action Plan and Follow-up Plan, 2013. — Municipal Accessibility Plan, Muskiz. — Municipal Cycling Plan. — School Sustainable Mobility Plan. — II Municipal Plan for Equality between Women and Men, Muskiz (2009).

Ondarroa — Local Agenda 21 Action Plan (Lea-Artibai). — III Municipal Equality Plan between Women and Men, Ondarroa.

Ortuella — Local Agenda 21 Action Plan (2010). — II Municipal Equality Action Plan, Ortuella (2019).

Portugalete — Local Agenda 21 Action Plan (2014-2020) — IV Municipal Equality Plan between Women and Men, Ondarroa (2015- 2019).

Santurtzi — Local Agenda 21 Action Plan (2009). — Municipal Plan for Equality between Women and Men, Santurtzi (2016).

Sestao — Local Agenda 21 Action Plan (2006). — Plan for Equality between Women and Men (2010-2012).

Sopela — Local Agenda 21 Action Plan (2020). — Sustainable Mobility Plan of Uribe Kosta Local Council Association (2009- 2014). — II Plan for Equality between Women and Men, Uribe-Kosta.

Trapagaran — Local Agenda 21 Action Plan (2013). — II Municipal Plan for Equality between Women and Men, Trapagaran (2015).

Zalla — Agenda Local 21 Action Plan (2012-2015). — Operational Equality Plan (2015).

©© Universidad University of de Deusto Deusto / /BizkaiLab BizkaiLab - -ISBN ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 978-84-15759-00-0 Project «Sustainability»

Annex I . Summary of Aalborg+10 Commitments and Sub-Commitments

Commitment 1 . Governance

Subcommitment 1.1 Subcommitment 1.2 Subcommitment 1.3 Subcommitment 1.4 Subcommitment 1.5

Develop a commonly Build participation Invite all sectors of Make our decisions Cooperate effectively shared long-term vi- and sustainable de- local society to par- open, accountable and in partnership sion for a sustainable velopment capacity ticipate effectively in and transparent. with adjoining mu- city or a town. in the local commu- decision-making. nicipalities, other cit- nity and municipal ies and towns, and administration. other spheres of government.

Commitment 2 . Local Management Towards Sustainability

Subcommitment 2.1 Subcommitment 2.2 Subcommitment 2.3 Subcommitment 2.4 Subcommitment 2.5

Strengthen Local Deliver integrated Set targets and Ensure that sus- Cooperate with the Agenda 21 or other management to- time schemes in the tainability issues European Sustain- local sustainability wards sustainability, framework of the are central to ur- able Cities & Towns processes and main- based on the pre- Aalborg Commit- ban decision-making Campaign and its stream them into the cautionary principle ments and create processes and that networks to moni- heart of local gov- and with regard to and follow the Aal- resource allocation is tor and evaluate our ernment. the forthcoming EU borg Commitments based on strong and progress towards Thematic Strategy on monitoring review. broad sustainability meeting our sustain- the Urban Environ- criteria. ability targets. ment.

Commitment 3 . Natural Common Goods

Subcommitment 3.1 Subcommitment 3.2 Subcommitment 3.3 Subcommitment 3.4 Subcommitment 3.5

Reduce primary en- Improve water qual- Promote and in- Improve soil quality, Improve air quality. ergy consumption, ity, save water, and crease biodiversity, preserve ecologically and increase the use water more effi- and extend and care productive land and share of renewable ciently. for designated na- promote sustainable energies. ture areas and green agriculture and for- spaces. estry.

Commitment 4 . Responsible Consumption And Lifestyle Choices

Subcommitment 4.1 Subcommitment 4.2 Subcommitment 4.3 Subcommitment 4.4 Subcommitment 4.5

Avoid and reduce Manage and treat Avoid unnecessary Undertake sustaina- Actively promote waste, and increase waste in accordance energy consumption, ble procurement. sustainable produc- re-use and recycling. with best practice and improve end-use tion and consump- standards. energy efficiency tion, in particular of eco-labelled, organic, ethical and fair trade products

104 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Annex I. Summary of Aalborg+10 Commitments and Sub-Commitments

Commitment 5 . Planning And Design

Subcommitment 5.1 Subcommitment 5.2 Subcommitment 5.3 Subcommitment 5.4 Subcommitment 5.5 Re-use and regener- Avoid urban sprawl Ensure the mixed Ensure appropriate Apply requirements ate derelict or disad- by achieving appro- use of buildings and conservation, reno- for sustainable de- vantaged areas. priate urban densi- developments with vation and use/re- sign and construc- ties and prioritising a good balance of use of our urban cul- tion and promote brownfield site over jobs, housing and tural heritage. high quality archi- greenfield site devel- services, giving prior- tecture and building opment. ity to residential use technologies. in city centres. Commitment 6 . Better Mobility, Less Traffic

Subcommitment 6.1 Subcommitment 6.2 Subcommitment 6.3 Subcommitment 6.4 Subcommitment 6.5 Reduce the neces- Increase the share Encourage transition Develop an inte- Reduce the impact of sity for private mo- of journeys made by to low-emission ve- grated and sustain- transport on the en- torised transport and public transport, on hicles able urban mobility vironment and pub- promote attractive foot and by bicycle. plan. lic health. alternatives accessible to all.

Commitment 7 . Local Action For Health

Subcommitment 7.1 Subcommitment 7.2 Subcommitment 7.3 Subcommitment 7.4 Subcommitment 7.5 Raise awareness and Promote city health Reduce inequalities Promote health im- Mobilise urban plan- take action on the development plan- in health and address pact assessment as a ners to integrate wider determinants ning, which provides poverty, which will means for all sectors health considera- of health, most of our cities with a means require regular re- to focus their work tions in their plan- which lie outside the to build and maintain porting on progress on health and the ning strategies and health. strategic partnerships towards reducing quality of life. initiatives. for health. the gaps.

Commitment 8 . Vibrant And Sustainable Local Economy

Subcommitment 8.1 Subcommitment 8.2 Subcommitment 8.3 Subcommitment 8.4 Subcommitment 8.5 Adopt measures that Cooperate with local Develop and imple- Encourage markets Promote sustainable stimulate and support businesses to promote ment sustainability for high quality lo- local tourism. local employment and and implement good principles for the local and regional pro- business start-ups. corporate practice. cation of businesses. duce. Commitment 9 . Social Equity And Justice

Subcommitment 9.1 Subcommitment 9.2 Subcommitment 9.3 Subcommitment 9.4 Subcommitment 9.5 Develop and imple- Ensure equitable ac- Foster social inclusion Improve community Secure good qual- ment programmes cess to public services, and gender equality. safety and security. ity and socially inte- to prevent and allevi- education, employ- grated housing and ate poverty. ment opportunities, living conditions. training, information, and cultural activities.

Commitment 10 . Local To Global

Subcommitment 10.1 Subcommitment 10.2 Subcommitment 10.3 Subcommitment 10.4 Subcommitment 10.5

develop and follow Mainstream climate Raise awareness of Reduce our impact Strengthen the inter- a strategic and in- protection policy into the causes and prob- on the global envi- national cooperation tegrated approach our policies in the ar- able impacts of cli- ronment and pro- of towns and cities to mitigate climate eas of energy, trans- mate change, and mote the principle of and develop local change, and work port, procurement, integrate preventive environmental jus- responses to global towards a sustain- waste, agriculture, actions into our cli- tice. problems in partner- able level of green- and forestry. mate change policy. ship with local gov- house gas emissions. ernments, communities and relevant stakeholders.

Source: Aalborg+10 Commitment Document (2004).

106 © University of Deusto / BizkaiLab - ISBN 978-84-15759-84-3 Annex II. Cross-reference table of actions and Aalborg+10 Commitments by... PI PM PCC PAES LOCAL

AGENDA 21 TOTAL ACTIONS TOTAL

260 273 570 100

3.57 3.74 7.82 3,566 48.90 2,623 35.97 7,292

Local to global to Local

. C10 0 0 6 59 11 10

0.00 0.23 6.98 1.18 1.65 68.60 4.03 12.79 1.75 11.63

Social equity and justice and equity Social

. C9 0 0 5 38

690 935

0.00 1.83 0.30 6.67 2.28 19.35 41.37 35.65 56.06 1,668 22.87

local economy local

Vibrant and sustainable sustainable and Vibrant

. C8 12 22 20

481 156 691

4.62 1.74 8.06 3.18 3.51 2.89 9.48 13.49 69.61 5.95 22.58

Local action for health for action Local

. C7 0 0 9 17

215 273 514

0.00 3.30 1.75 2.98 3.31 7.05 6.03 41.83 10.41 53.11

less traffic

Better mobility, mobility, Better

. C6 41 58 31

416 323 869

1.18 3.57 11.67 47.87 15.77 4.72 21.25 6.67 56.67 37.17 11.92

Planning and design and Planning

. C5 39 15 19 66 73

279 476 8.19 6.96 3.99 6.53

7.82 58.61 11.58 13.87 2.78 15.34 Aalborg+10 Commitments

and lifestyle choices lifestyle and Responsible consumption consumption Responsible

6 0

. C4 97 73

374 550

1.05 1.09 0.00 0.00 7.54 10.49 68.00 37.31 17.64 26.74 13.27

Natural common goods common Natural

. C3 6 0 37 32

501 576

1.05 1.04 0.00 0.00 7.90 14.05 86.98 14.23 6.42 11.72 5.56

towards sustainability towards

Local management management Local

. C2 21 18 16

180 275 510

8.08 4.12 6.59 3.53 2.81 3.14 6.99 5.05 35.29 10.48 53.92

Governance

. C1 13 26 68 371 874 5.00 0.96 9.52 1.92 10.40 27.44 11.93 5.03 33.32 64.64 1,352 18.54 Cross-reference table of actions and Aalborg+10 Commitments by plan analysed Cross-reference PERCENTAGE TOTALS % P21 % Commitment % PAES % Commitment % PCC % Commitment % PM % Commitment % PI % Commitment AGGREGATE TOTAL ACTIONS Total actions Biscay municipalities P21 Total actions Biscay municipalities PAES Total actions Biscay municipalities PCC Total actions Biscay municipalities PM Total actions Biscay municipalities PI Annex II .