Lincoln Townscape Assessment

North Lincoln Ribbon Development Inherited Character Area Statement

October 2008

Page 2 of 20 Table of Contents

Page Overview 2 Historical Development 2 Urban form 4 Views 8 Condition of Buildings and Streetscape 9 Use 9 Relationship to City and Surrounding Areas 9 Key Townscape Characteristics 9 Appendix 1: Character Area Attributes 11 Appendix 2: List of RAZs 13 Appendix 3: List of Monuments 17 Appendix 4: List of Ecological Sites 18 Appendix 5: Historical Components which influence the current character 19

Page 3 of 20 Overview

The majority of North Lincoln Ribbon Development Character Area is composed of residential development built for the middle classes during the Inter-War Period. Nonetheless, housing in the area illustrates nearly a full spectrum of the construction of housing along some of Lincoln’s major roads from the Late Victorian/Edwardian Period to the modern day.

The backbone of the Character Area is formed by the four main radial roads in the north of Lincoln, alongside connecting roads which form a circular route around the settlement’s historic core. The radial roads, which emanate from the historic core of the city, have connected Lincoln with its hinterland since the Roman Military Era.

Properties along roads in the Character Area are mostly semi-detached and detached houses dating to the Inter-War Period. Late Victorian/Edwardian properties, mostly in the form of terraced rows, are located more towards the city centre, whereas Modern development is more sporadic and dispersed.

Much of the townscape has a coherent character. The majority of properties are two storeys in height and two bays in width, and are consistently set back in straight building lines arranged parallel to the street. Houses face the road, creating a feeling of security and activity along streets, and are set towards the front of spacious rectangular plots aligned perpendicularly to the road. The common direction of plots and their relatively consistent dimensions create a regular grain throughout the area. There is a medium- to-high density of buildings, resulting in mostly continuous building lines and a consistent sense of enclosure along streets, which is often heightened by mature trees along roads and tall borders along plot boundaries. Public/private boundaries to the front are often demarked by privet hedging, and roads have grass verges and/or trees, generating a coherent feeling between streets in the area. The majority of Inter-War properties have driveways and/or garages illustrating the increased use of the private motor-car during the early-mid 20th century.

Properties are built of brick and other small-scale materials, and are often very similar in form and construction. Houses are rectangular in plan and often have a projecting wing or bay window to the front façade. Properties are mostly differentiated through the incorporation of various decorations, which in many cases illustrates the ability of prospective owners to choose decorative elements of their buildings when ‘buying off plan’.

Late Victorian/Edwardian terraced houses are generally more prominent where facing a main road, reflecting the status of the roads during the period. Properties of this type are set back from the footway with small forecourts and have comparatively more decoration than other terraced houses, which are set at the back of the footway and are plainer in character.

Open space in the area is limited, and is mainly composed of the main and connecting roads, and allotments either side of Yarborough Crescent. The allotment sites are well used and a valued asset to residents. Historical Development

Land within the Character Area may have been cultivated, if not grazed, from the Prehistoric Era [10,000 BC-90 AD] although no evidence of early field boundaries has yet been found. During the Roman Military [60-90 AD] and Roman Colonia [90-410 AD] Eras the area may have been part of the Roman ‘territorium’, an area of land surrounding major Roman fortresses in which the agricultural production and services were dedicated to the service of the legion rather than the local population. It is likely that the modern Wragby, Nettleham and Riseholme Roads, which radiate from the historic core of the City, were first established during the Roman Military Era.

Economic decline of the city during the Early Medieval Era [410-850 AD] may have resulted in much of the land within the Character Area becoming less intensively farmed, although it is likely that heathland in the area continued to be grazed. During the re-organisation of the landscape in the High Medieval Era [850-1350 AD] land within the Character Area became part of Lincoln’s north and east common fields. The open fields would have been made up of several smaller strip-fields divided up between residents of Lincoln. The northern extents of the fields were defined by the former city boundary, which divided Lincoln City from parishes to the north and east. The western plot boundary of 2 Bunkers Hill and the southern plot boundary of the shopping centre off Wolsey Way in the east of the Character Area follow the former city boundary, which was originally marked by a feature in the landscape, probably a ditch and bank perhaps enhanced by a hedge, known as Nettleham Mere.

During the High Medieval Era the city expanded north along Newport, and the suburb was enclosed by an earthwork, probably a bank and ditch. Part of the southern boundary of the Character Area, to the rear of 100 to 128 Yarborough Crescent follows part of the western and northern limits of the former earthworks that surrounded the High Medieval suburb.

Much of the land between the radial roads may have remained un-enclosed until the Early Industrial Period [1750-1845 AD], as open fields around Lincoln were enclosed by Act of Parliament in c.1803. The process of enclosure entailed the division of former

Page 4 of 20 open land into a strict pattern of rectilinear fields, the orientations of many of which are retained in housing plots within the Character Area (e.g. eastern plot boundaries of 49, 81, 139 and 185 Bunkers Hill, the northern plot boundaries of 65, 70, 87 and 116 Nettleham Road, and the western plot boundaries of 48, 69 and 116 Longdales Road). New roads, including Longdales Road and Burton Road, were laid out alongside the organised division of land. Common lands belonging to parishes (Greetwell, Riseholme, Burton and Nettleham) outside of the former city boundary were also enclosed by Act of Parliament during the Early Industrial Period. The Lincolnshire Poacher Public House at 84 Bunkers Hill, which is the earliest building in the Character Area, was probably built prior to the enclosure of common lands in Greetwell Parish. The former farmhouse remains as a testament to the former rural character of the area.

From possibly as early as the Roman Military Era, land in the Character Area has been used for the quarrying of limestone amongst other materials. Growth of the city during the Early Industrial Period required raw materials quarried from within the Character Area. Several small, now abandoned, quarries were active during the Early Industrial, Post-Railway Expansion [1846- 1868 AD], and Late Victorian/Edwardian [1869-1919 AD] Periods. The stone-built cottages, 88-110 Wragby Road, were originally built to house workers at two former quarrying sites immediately to the east, and the rear plot boundaries of the terraces mark the western extent of one of the former extraction areas. The sole remaining active quarrying site, originally mined to produce lime, is the Cathedral Quarry to the rear of number 19-45 Riseholme Road, which continues to supply the Cathedral workshop with limestone. In the far west of the Character Area a number of clay quarries developed alongside brickworks during the Late Victorian/Edwardian Period. The rear plot boundaries of 3-31 Westcliffe Street follow the extent of earthworks associated with the extraction of clay from the escarpment slope.

During the Late Victorian/Edwardian Period ribbon development occurred along the radial roads, mostly in the form of large individual villas close to the city centre (e.g. 7-13 Riseholme Road), as well as the Sobraon Barracks and St. Matthias’ Church on Burton Road. Although not developed for housing until the Inter-War Period [1920-1945 AD], the tree-lined Yarborough Crescent was also laid out during the Late Victorian/Edwardian Period, connecting the Burton and Riseholme Roads. Allotment gardens were created along many of the radial and connecting roads, in particular the large gardens either side of Yarbrough Crescent, which remain occupied today. Towards the end of the Late Victorian/Edwardian Period an increasing number of houses were constructed along the radial and connecting roads, including the terraced properties along the south of Burton Road and on Westcliffe Street.

The majority of the housing in the Character Area was constructed during the Inter-War Period, and mainly included detached and semi-detached properties for the middle classes. Many of the properties had garages built at the same time or shortly afterwards, illustrating the impact of mass motoring on the suburban townscape. The expansion of housing along radial and connecting roads was not continuous from the city centre, as gaps were often left between groups of houses.

Figure 1 Modern infill development at number 122a Wragby Road

The construction of residential housing in the Character Area continued into the Post-War [1946-1966 AD] Period, and included residential houses (e.g. 19-31 Riseholme Road) as well as a number of services such as the filling station which survives at 43-45 Riseholme Road. Further infill and development occurred in gap sites along radial and connecting roads during the Modern [1968-2009 AD] Period, including services along Nettleham Road to the north of Outer Circle Drive, and small residential

Page 5 of 20 developments such as the Burton Cliff development off Burton Road, properties along Thorne Close, and the property at 122a Wragby Road. Urban form

Development within the area consists of ribbon development in the form of residential properties located along the four main radial roads leading in and out of the north of the City of Lincoln, as well as houses along connecting through roads which form an inner circular route in the north of the city.

The radial roads, which include (from east to west) Wragby Road, Nettleham Road, Riseholme Road and Burton Road, emanate from the historic core of the city and run along the broad and shallow summit of the limestone ridge. At the southern extents of the Character Area the latter three roads are connected by two through roads, Yarborough Crescent and Longdales Road. With the exception of development along Riseholme Road, ribbon development within the Character Area stretches to the northern fringes to within close proximity of Lincoln’s bypass.

Although housing in the Character Area illustrates nearly a full spectrum of development from the Late Victorian/Edwardian to the Modern Period, the majority of properties date to the Inter-War Period. Earlier housing is generally located in those parts of the Character Area closer to the city centre (e.g. Late Victorian/Edwardian housing around Westcliffe Street), whereas Modern development is more sporadic, often relating to areas of infill or re-development.

Figure 2 Inter-war housing set back from an avenue with mature trees

The majority of houses in the Character Area are located along the main network of radial roads and connecting roads. Houses form continuous building lines leading to large linear urban blocks running parallel to roads, which often incorporate later development within estates to the rear (e.g. St. Giles and Ermine East and Ermine West). Houses often show a degree of individuality, which varies from properties with an entirely unique form and decorative style, to houses of the same form repeated along streets but distinguished through the use of various decorative features. Consecutive houses of the same form create a repeating rhythm in many parts of the Character Area, and often denote the extents of linear build units, whereas detached individual properties tend to reflect more private bespoke developments.

Despite the variation, properties and streets within the Character Area have many common elements, resulting in a coherent and identifiable townscape character throughout much of the area. Houses face the road and are set towards the front of rectangular plots. Housing plots are spacious, being 10-25m wide and up to 60m in depth. Properties tend to occupy the majority of the width of their plots, leaving sufficient room for a single driveway and/or garage to the side. The common direction of plots and their relatively consistent dimensions creates a regular grain throughout much of the Character Area. Houses are set back between 8-16m from the public/private boundary, and are arranged in straight building lines. Properties are broadly rectangular in plan with their shorter façades aligned parallel with the street. There is a medium-to-high density of housing resulting in mostly continuous building lines and a consistent sense of enclosure along streets, which is heightened by mature trees and tall borders along plot boundaries. Public/private boundaries to the front of houses are mostly defined by low brick walls or privet hedges,

Page 6 of 20 which occasionally extend along considerable stretches of roads giving a coherent feeling. Boundaries between plots are mostly defined by low wooden garden fencing. To the front properties have small gardens and driveways, and many houses have garages built at the side of the house.

Figure 3 Privet hedging, grass verges and mature trees marking the public/private boundary of properties along Burton Road

Properties are mostly detached or semi-detached houses and have active frontages with doors and windows facing out on to the street, resulting in a sense of security in most areas. Almost all houses are two storeys in height and are two bays in width where semi-detached, and occasionally three bays in width where detached. Towards the northern ends of the roads there are an increasing number of groups of detached bungalows. Houses are built of brick in stretcher bond in a variety of red/brown colours, which is usually consistent within build units. The majority of properties have a projecting feature, including single/two-storey bay windows and/or entire projecting wings. Projecting features often have a gabled or hipped ‘roof’ projecting from the eaves line.

Windows are mostly horizontal in emphasis and are almost entirely replacement uPVC casement windows, although there are a small number of properties with original multi-paned steel framed frames (e.g. 362 Burton Road). Properties have medium-to-low solid-to-void ratios, with large glazed doorways and windows looking out onto the street, creating a feeling of security and activity in may parts of the area. First-floor windows are often set up high up beneath the eaves. Most windows have simple thin stone or tiled sills and brick soldier coursing or shallow arches for lintels. Doorways are usually located to the side of semi- detached houses adjacent to the driveway, or centrally on detached properties. The majority of front doorways on semi-detached houses are set within integrated semi-circular brick arched porches which often have tiled keystones, springer stones and drip courses. Several of properties have heavy ashlar surrounds around their doorways. The majority of porches have modern uPVC double glazed doors fitted flush with the main façade. Porches on detached houses are mostly shallow flat hoods with loose classical cornices.

Roofs are hipped and are fairly steep in pitch, with tall brick-built chimneystacks rising from the side wall or short stacks passing through the ridgeline. Roofs are mainly of plain tile, concrete tile or pantiles, and have deep eaves. Verges on gabled features are generally shallow or plain closed.

Page 7 of 20

Figure 4 Varying projecting elements with hipped or gabled roofs on houses facing Burton Road

Decorative variation between properties is considerable and in many cases illustrates the ability of prospective owners to choose decorative elements of their buildings when ‘buying off plan’. Properties are often partially or fully rendered or harled. Bay windows often have rendered, tiled, or harled elements, notably between the ground and first-floor windows on two storey bays. Many houses in the Character Area have decoration within the gable apexes of two-storey bay windows or projecting wings. Gabled features are often decorated with applied timber framing in various patterns with rendered panels. The pattern of timber framing varies from a mock Tudor style, a simple crow’s foot, to differing types of sunburst. Houses frequently have brick quoins, and or have features such as keystones, and drip courses emphasised in tile. Small feature windows are common on some front façades, styles of which include small round or square windows and projecting V-shaped ‘oriel’ windows. A small number of houses have brickwork decoration in the form of stringcourses or geometric patterns of projecting bricks.

Figure 5 Oversized sunburst decoration on shared gabled end above two storey bay windows

Inter-War semi-detached houses along the west side of Westcliffe Road are plainer in style. The properties are two storeys in height and two bays in width with fully or partially harled/rendered façades. The houses are set back 5m from the footway with

Page 8 of 20 small garages and short driveways to the side. Roofs are gabled with their ridgelines running parallel to the street. Windows are smaller and more vertical than other Inter-War properties in the Character Area.

Late Victorian/Edwardian houses include a number of brick-built terraced houses north of the junction of Yarborough Crescent and Burton Road, stone-terrace houses at 88-110 Nettleham Road, and a number of large detached buildings (e.g. the Gothic- style villa at the corner of Thornock Close). Terraced houses are two to three storeys in height and two bays in width with gable roofs in slate or replacement concrete tile. Properties have vertical windows, many of which have had vertical sliding sashes replaced with uPVC substitutes. Houses of this type are mostly set back 2-3m from the footway with small forecourts defined by low brick walls, except for the stone-built cottages and houses along the east side of Westcliffe Street which are set at the back of the footway. Brick-built terraced houses facing Burton Road are decorated with moulded brickwork in the eaves, stone window lintels and sills, some inset porches with coloured tiles, one to two storey bay windows, many of which have roofs integrated with porches. The ends of brick-built terraced rows are denoted by a taller three-storey property with a decorative mock-Tudor style gable end facing the street (e.g. 270 Burton Road). The decorative gable end may represent an early example of the incorporation of mock-Tudor features in domestic houses in Lincoln, a feature which is used and adapted more frequently in later Inter-War houses elsewhere in the Character Area (e.g. Wragby Road). The stone-built cottages on Nettleham Road, and the terraces along Westcliffe Road are comparatively plainer.

Figure 6 Mock Tudor gable end on corner building at the junction of Burton Road and Wingrave Street

Large detached Late Victorian/Edwardian properties in the Character Area show a high degree of individuality. Properties are usually set back further from the street towards the centre of their plots and are often obscured from the road by mature planting. Houses are built of brick in Flemish or English Bond, and are three-to-five bays in width and two-to-three storeys in height, often incorporating taller gabled elements (e.g. the tower at 7 Riseholme Road). Roofs are of slate and are gabled, with their ridgelines running parallel to the street. Varying sizes of gabled wings, with their ends facing the street, are incorporated into front façades. Windows are vertical wooden sliding sashes, often set within one-to-two storey canted bay windows.

Properties dating to the Modern Period within the Character Area include a number of residential houses as well as a number of commercial buildings, which serve local and commuting populations. Residential properties include individual detached buildings built on gap sites or within the former plots of earlier houses, a small number of redeveloped residential plots, and two cul-de-sac developments off the northwestern end of Burton Road. Houses are comparably plainer and simpler in form than other properties in the Character Area, notably those dating from the early part of the Modern Period. Houses of this date have shallower gabled roofs often with deep eaves and verges, wide horizontal windows, and more subdued decoration such as plain rendering, simple geometric brickwork, and shallow brick buttresses projecting from the corners of the front façade.

Page 9 of 20

Figure 7 House with shallower gabled roof with deep eaves and verges, wide horizontal windows, and more subdued decoration

More recent properties, such as those in the Burton Cliff development, incorporate several more ‘traditional’ features demonstrating the return of design elements more commonly associated with housing from the Late Victorian/Edwardian Period. The houses frequently have wooden porches, imitation sash windows, shallow projecting gabled wings, and simple dentilated brickwork decoration in the eaves and verges.

Modern services include a petrol station at the southern end of Burton Road, and a small commercial estate at the northern end of Nettleham Road. The commercial estate consists of a row of small retail units in between two larger buildings facing Wolsey Road, and a number of detached buildings facing Nettleham Road including a fast food outlet and a fire station. Buildings are mostly single-storey in height and have steel frames with brick walls and/or corrugated steel panelled sides.

The radial and connecting roads form the backbone to the Character Area. Roads are two lanes in width, but often expand to up to three lanes in width around major junctions. Pavements are 4-5m wide with tarmac or concrete paved paths and grass verges. Some stretches of roads are lined with mature trees, which are of a species native to England. Roads carry high volumes of traffic, particularly during the early morning and early evening. Carriageways are surfaced in tarmac and either have coarse grained or smooth concrete kerbs and some concrete channels. Driveways cross pavements and intersect verges at regular intervals, and are sunken down to meet the carriageways at road level. Where houses have had driveways added, sunken kerbstones are often made of a smoother fine-grained concrete material in contrast to the original coarse-grained kerbs. To the side, pavements are in good condition, although surfaces frequently show signs of damage from tree roots and the laying of service trenches.

Street furniture is mainly modern, and includes steel lighting, traffic lights, and wooden telegraph poles. Large junctions often have protective steel barriers near crossing points. There are several large modern traffic signs reflecting the significance of the roads with regard to connecting the City of Lincoln with its wider hinterland to the north.

The majority of open space in the Character Area consists of allotment gardens to the rear of properties either side of Yarborough Crescent. The allotment sites are well occupied, apart from eastern areas which have been kept unoccupied as a possible site for residential development. Open space fronting on to roads in the Character Area almost entirely is comprised of private gardens, with the exception of some stretches of Nettleham Road, such as the playing fields opposite Browning Drive and the far northwestern stretch of the road which is partly open fields and partly under development as a business park. Views

Views in the Character Area are mostly confined to those along roads, several of which are terminated by a partial view of the Cathedral. Properties along the west side of Burton Road benefit from long clear views off the north escarpment with the West Common in the foreground and the Trent and Belvoir Vales in the distance.

Page 10 of 20 Condition of Buildings and Streetscape

Buildings are generally in good condition, with one or two exceptions. Few properties retain their original windows, as the majority have been re-fenestrated with uPVC substitutes. Use

The Character Area is almost entirely residential in use, with the exception of a small number of services, which serve local and commuting populations. Allotments within the Character Area are well used and a valued asset to residents throughout the city, particularly those living in the north of Lincoln. Relationship to City and Surrounding Areas

The Character Area is based around the four main roads connecting Lincoln with its hinterland to the north. The roads are also used as a thoroughfare for traffic travelling north/south along the A15.

As well as serving people commuting in and out of the north of Lincoln, the radial roads are important local access routes, connecting residential housing estates such as St. Giles, Ermine East and Ermine West with the city centre. Yarborough Crescent and Longdales Road (and Ruskin Avenue outside of the area to the east) form an inner-circular route connecting the radial roads north of the historic core of the city. Key Townscape Characteristics

● North Lincoln Ribbon Development Character Area is dominated by residential ribbon development dating to the Inter-War Period. Nonetheless, housing in the Character Area illustrates nearly a full spectrum of development from the Late Victorian/Edwardian to the Modern Period ● Houses are located along four northern radial roads which emanate from the historic city centre, as well as connecting through roads which form a inner circular route to the north of the settlement’s historic core ● Some historic features remain observable in the current townscape, including: o Wragby, Nettleham and Riseholme Roads follow the routes of former Roman roads o The alignment of the former city boundary known as Nettleham Mere th o Alignment of former 18/19 -century field boundaries in housing plots th o The 18 -century farmhouse at The Lincolnshire Poacher Public House th o The built and industrial remains of 19 -century quarrying sites for clay and limestone, including the active Cathedral Quarry ● Late Victorian/Edwardian housing is generally located in those parts of the Character Area closer to the city centre, whereas Modern development is more sporadic, often relating to areas of infill or re-development around the predominating Inter-War housing ● Medium-to-high density of housing resulting in mostly continuous building lines and a consistent sense of enclosure along streets, which is heightened by mature trees along roads and tall borders along plot boundaries ● Public/private boundaries to the front of houses are mostly defined by low brick walls or privet hedges, which occasionally extend along considerable stretches of roads giving a coherent feeling ● Inter-War and later properties in the Character Area have many common elements, resulting in a coherent and identifiable townscape character throughout much of the area: o Detached or semi-detached properties facing the road o Set towards the front of spacious rectangular plots aligned perpendicularly to the road o Properties are broadly rectangular in plan with their wider façades aligned parallel with the street o Occupy most of the width of plots, with single driveway and/or garage to the side o Two storeys in height and two bays in width where semi-detached, and three bays in width where detached o Built of red/brown brick o Properties often have a projecting wing or bay window o Windows are horizontal in emphasis and are almost entirely replacement uPVC casement windows o First-floor windows are often set up high up beneath the eaves o Large glazed doorways with semi-circular brick arch or heavy ashlar surround on semi-detached properties o Fairly steep hipped roofs of plain tile, concrete tile or pantiles, with deep eaves o Tall brick-built chimneystacks rising from the side wall or short stacks passing through the ridgeline o Houses are arranged in straight building lines consistently set back 8-16m from the public/private boundary o The common direction of plots and their relatively consistent dimensions create a regular grain throughout the area ● There is considerable decorative variation between properties, which in many cases illustrates the ability of prospective owners to choose decorative elements of their buildings when ‘buying off plan’: o Partially or fully rendered or harled o Bay windows often have rendered, tiled, or harled elements o Gabled features are often decorated with applied timber framing in various patterns with rendered panels o Brick quoins o Small feature windows are common on some front façades o Brickwork decoration in the form of stringcourses or geometric patterns of projecting bricks o Tile is often used to emphasis some decorative features ● Late Victorian/Edwardian houses include brick-built terraced houses, stone-built terrace houses, and a handful of large detached buildings

Page 11 of 20 o Terraced houses are two to three storeys in height and two bays in width with gable roofs in slate or replacement concrete tile. Properties have vertical windows. o Properties on Burton Road are more prominent, as they are set back 2-3m from the footway with small forecourts defined by low brick walls, and have inset porches with coloured tiles, one-to-two storey bay windows, many of which have roofs integrated with porches. The end of brick-built terraced rows are denoted by a taller three-storey property with a decorative mock-Tudor style gable end o Remaining terraced houses in the area are comparably plainer and are set at the back of the footway o Large detached Late Victorian/Edwardian properties show a high degree of individuality. Properties are usually set towards the centre of large plots. Houses are built of brick in Flemish or English Bond, and are 3-5 bays in width and two to three storeys in height ● Modern residential properties include individual detached buildings built on gap sites or within the former plots of earlier houses, a small number of redeveloped residential plots, and two cul-de-sac developments off the northwestern end of Burton Road. Houses have shallower gabled roofs often with deep eaves and verges, wide horizontal windows, and more subdued decoration ● Roads are two lanes in width, but often expand to up to three lanes in width around major junctions. Some stretches of roads are lined with mature trees and grass verges. Roads carry high volumes of traffic ● The majority of open space in the Character Area consists of allotment gardens to the rear of properties either side of Yarborough Crescent. The sites are well used and a valued asset to residents

Page 12 of 20 Appendix 1: Character Area Attributes

Character Area Type: Residential Predominant Period: Inter-war (1920 to 1945 AD) Secondary Period: Post-war (1946 to 1966 AD) Average Building Density: Medium Location Type: Outer suburbs Average Building Type: Semi-detached

Page 13 of 20 Appendix 2: List of RAZs

● Long distance roads ● Intermediate distance roads ● Newport market ● Housing in Newport ● Common quarries in the cliff faces north-west and south of the city ● Quarries in the cliff face east of the city ● Mile Cross on Nettleham Road ● Nettleham Mere and contiguous features ● Newport boundaries ● St Giles' Hospital ● St Giles ● The city's arable fields ● Open Fields of Nettleham and Greetwell parishes ● Enclosed pasture and meadow east and west of the city ● City's arable fields ● Open fields of the parishes of Nettleham and Greetwell ● Working class housing of the late 18th and early 19th centuries in Newport, the Bail, the lower city and Wigford. ● Newly-built Victorian housing for the middle and upper classes c. 1850-1918 ● Middle Class house building between the Wars ● Food processing industries and brewing industry ● Stone and clay quarries in the cliff face east of the city ● Stonepits north and north-east of the upper city ● Brick and tile manufacture ● Lincoln School, Wragby Road site ● Long distance road routes ● Intermediate road routes ● Local road routes ● The Sobraon barracks ● St Matthias, Burton Road ● The Jurassic Way ● Ditched boundaries to west (and north?) of the city ● Settlement site on Burton Road ● Limestone uplands ● Cemetery east of fortress ● Canabae outside east, north and west gates ● Farm at Bishop Grosseteste College ● Legionary 'prata' and 'territorium' ● Iron Age ditch system ● Roads beyond the Canabae ● Northern and southern hill slopes ● Roads entering the city ● Area of centuriation around the city ● The aqueduct ● The Greetwell villa ● Cemeteries ● The Late Pre-Roman Iron Age ditch system ● Racecourse Kiln and associated industrial zone ● Newport 'farm' ● Greetwell villa estate and potential wic ● Central elements of former Roman city and Roman network ● Triple boundary ditch ● Land around city potentially usable for settlement and agriculture ● Long distance roads ● Intermediate distance roads ● Newport market ● Houses in Newport ● Common "diggings" in the cliff faces north-west and south of the city ● Mile Cross on Nettleham Road ● Nettleham Mere and contiguous features

Page 14 of 20 ● Newport boundaries ● St Giles' Hospital ● St Giles ● Lincoln common fields ● Fields of the parishes of Nettleham and Greetwell

Page 15 of 20 Appendix 3: List of Monuments

● 166 Nettleham Road (53.246, -0.52) ● 115-117 Nettleham Road (53.246, -0.52) ● 200 Nettleham Road (53.247, -0.52) ● 7-9 Longdales Road (53.245, -0.53) ● 176 Nettleham Road (53.246, -0.52) ● 172-174, 178-198 Nettleham Road (53.246, -0.52) ● 168-170 Nettleham Road (53.246, -0.52) ● 105 Nettleham Road (53.245, -0.53) ● 109 Nettleham Road (53.245, -0.53) ● 107 Nettleham Road (53.245, -0.53) ● 103 Nettleham Road (53.244, -0.53) ● 91 Nettleham Road (53.244, -0.53) ● 97 Nettleham Road (53.244, -0.53) ● 95 Nettleham Road (53.244, -0.53) ● 5 Longdales Road (53.245, -0.53) ● 2-48 Longdales Road (53.245, -0.53) ● Lincolnshire Poacher Public House, 84, Bunkers Hill (53.245, -0.50) ● Mission Room, Bunkers Hill (53.246, -0.50) ● Roaring Meg Public House, Nettleham Road (53.250, -0.52) ● Ditch, 111 Nettleham Road (53.245, -0.53) ● 11 Longdales Road (53.245, -0.53) ● Well, Longdales Road / 115 Nettleham Road (53.245, -0.52) ● Well, Bunkers Hill/Wragby Road/Hawthorn Road (53.246, -0.50) ● 204-232 Nettleham Road (53.248, -0.52) ● 202 Nettleham Road (53.247, -0.52) ● 111 Nettleham Road (53.245, -0.53) ● Hawthorn Road (53.245, -0.50) ● 162-164 Nettleham Road (53.246, -0.52) ● 109 Wragby Road (53.238, -0.52) ● Vicarage, Lee Road/Wragby Road (53.238, -0.53) ● 72 Wragby Road (53.238, -0.52) ● 118 Wragby Road (53.238, -0.52) ● 120 Wragby Road (53.238, -0.52) ● 58 Wragby Road (53.238, -0.52) ● 60 Wragby Road (53.238, -0.52) ● 62 Wragby Road (53.238, -0.52) ● 134 Wragby Road (53.239, -0.52) ● 130-132 Wragby Road (53.239, -0.52) ● 70 Wragby Road (53.238, -0.52) ● 113 Wragby Road (53.239, -0.52) ● 97 Wragby Road (53.238, -0.52) ● 95 Wragby Road (53.238, -0.53) ● 154 Wragby Road (53.239, -0.52) ● 128 Wragby Road (53.239, -0.52) ● 122-124 Wragby Road (53.239, -0.52) ● 126 Wragby Road (53.239, -0.52) ● Roman road Langworthgate/Wragby Road (53.237, -0.53) ● 136 Wragby Road (53.239, -0.52) ● 138 Wragby Road (53.239, -0.52) ● 140 Wragby Road (53.239, -0.52) ● 142 Wragby Road (53.239, -0.52) ● 144 Wragby Road (53.239, -0.52) ● 146 Wragby Road (53.239, -0.52) ● 68 Wragby Road (53.238, -0.52) ● 150 Wragby Road (53.239, -0.52) ● 148 Wragby Road (53.239, -0.52) ● Ropewalk, 65 Nettleham Road (53.242, -0.53) ● 53 Nettleham Road (53.241, -0.53) ● 55 Nettleham Road (53.242, -0.53)

Page 16 of 20 ● 15-45 Longdales Road (53.245, -0.53) ● 73-75 Longdales Road (53.245, -0.53) ● 77 Longdales Road (53.245, -0.53) ● 98 Longdales Road (53.245, -0.53) ● 75 Nettleham Road (53.242, -0.53) ● 73 Nettleham Road (53.242, -0.53) ● 59 Nettleham Road (53.242, -0.53) ● 61 Nettleham Road (53.242, -0.53) ● 57 Nettleham Road (53.242, -0.53) ● 65 Nettleham Road (53.242, -0.53) ● 41 Nettleham Road (53.241, -0.53) ● 93-95 Longdales Road (53.245, -0.53) ● 89-91 Longdales Road (53.245, -0.53) ● 97-103 Longdales Road (53.245, -0.53) ● 63 Nettleham Road (53.242, -0.53) ● 71 Nettleham Road (53.242, -0.53) ● 85 Nettleham Road (53.243, -0.53) ● 83-83A Nettleham Road (53.243, -0.53) ● 69 Nettleham Road (53.242, -0.53) ● 39 Nettleham Road (53.241, -0.53) ● 87 Nettleham Road (53.243, -0.53) ● 37 Nettleham Road (53.241, -0.53) ● 13 Longdales Road (53.245, -0.53) ● 51 Nettleham Road (53.241, -0.53) ● 96 Longdales Road (53.245, -0.53) ● 35 Nettleham Road (53.241, -0.53) ● 49 Nettleham Road (53.241, -0.53) ● 43 Nettleham Road (53.241, -0.53) ● 45 Nettleham Road (53.241, -0.53) ● 33 Nettleham Road (53.240, -0.53) ● 84 Nettleham Road (53.242, -0.53) ● 47 Nettleham Road (53.241, -0.53) ● 72-80 Nettleham Road (53.241, -0.53) ● Vinery, Stonegarth, Northgate (53.245, -0.53) ● 110 Nettleham Road (53.242, -0.53) ● 108 Nettleham Road (53.242, -0.53) ● 106 Nettleham Road (53.242, -0.53) ● 104 Nettleham Road (53.242, -0.53) ● 102 Nettleham Road (53.242, -0.53) ● 100 Nettleham Road (53.242, -0.53) ● 98 Nettleham Road (53.242, -0.53) ● 96 Nettleham Road (53.242, -0.53) ● 94 Nettleham Road (53.242, -0.53) ● 92 Nettleham Road (53.242, -0.53) ● 90 Nettleham Road (53.242, -0.53) ● 88 Nettleham Road (53.242, -0.53) ● Roman aqueduct (putative southern line) (53.242, -0.53) ● 116 Nettleham Road. Nightingale Inn (53.243, -0.53) ● 116 Nettleham Road. Nightingale Inn (53.243, -0.53) ● Fosse Way at Nettleham Road (53.242, -0.53) ● Wragby Road (53.237, -0.53) ● Nettleham Road (53.238, -0.53) ● 124-130 Yarborough Crescent (53.244, -0.54) ● 91 Yarborough Crescent (53.245, -0.54) ● 6 Riseholme Road (53.245, -0.54) ● 76 Yarborough Crescent (53.244, -0.54) ● 99 Yarborough Crescent (53.245, -0.54) ● 101 Yarborough Crescent (53.245, -0.54) ● 94 Yarborough Crescent (53.244, -0.54) ● 107 Yarborough Crescent (53.245, -0.54) ● 84 Yarborough Crescent (53.244, -0.54) ● 67 Yarborough Crescent (53.244, -0.54) ● 105 Yarborough Crescent (53.245, -0.54)

Page 17 of 20 ● 100 Yarborough Crescent (53.244, -0.54) ● 86-88 Yarborough Crescent (53.244, -0.54) ● 98 Yarborough Crescent (53.244, -0.54) ● 79-81 Yarborough Crescent (53.244, -0.54) ● 197 Newport (53.245, -0.54) ● 78-82 Yarborough Crescent (53.244, -0.54) ● 75-77 Yarborough Crescent (53.244, -0.54) ● 2-4 Riseholme Road (53.245, -0.54) ● 73 Yarborough Crescent (53.244, -0.54) ● 92 Yarborough Crescent (53.244, -0.54) ● 90 Yarborough Crescent (53.244, -0.54) ● 9-11 Riseholme Road (53.246, -0.54) ● 7 Riseholme Road (53.246, -0.54) ● 13 Riseholme Road (53.246, -0.54) ● Longdales Tennis & Bowls Club Pavilion (53.245, -0.54) ● 1 Riseholme Road (53.245, -0.54) ● Yarborough Crescent (53.244, -0.54) ● Longdales Road (53.245, -0.54) ● Newport (53.241, -0.54) ● Riseholme Road (53.245, -0.54) ● Ermine Street in Newport (53.241, -0.54) ● Ermine Street (53.239, -0.54) ● 3 Riseholme Road (53.245, -0.54) ● Cathedral Quarry, Riseholme Road (53.248, -0.54) ● 70 Yarborough Crescent (53.244, -0.54) ● 200-212 Burton Road (53.242, -0.55) ● 21-23 Yarborough Crescent (53.243, -0.55) ● 37-43 Yarborough Crescent (53.243, -0.54) ● 2 Wingrave Street (53.244, -0.55) ● 28-32 Yarborough Crescent (53.242, -0.55) ● 64-66 Yarborough Crescent (53.243, -0.54) ● 380-386 Burton Road (53.248, -0.55) ● 2-12 Breedon Drive (53.247, -0.55) ● 1 and 5-15 Breedon Drive (53.248, -0.55) ● Breedon Drive (53.248, -0.55) ● 60-62 Yarborough Crescent (53.243, -0.54) ● 7 Higson Road (53.248, -0.55) ● 58 Yarborough Crescent (53.243, -0.54) ● 34-38 Yarborough Crescent (53.243, -0.55) ● 68 Yarborough Crescent (53.244, -0.54) ● 374-376 Burton Road (53.247, -0.55) ● 301-307 Burton Road (53.248, -0.55) ● 293-299 Burton Road (53.247, -0.55) ● 40-42 Yarborough Crescent (53.243, -0.54) ● 340 Burton Road (53.246, -0.55) ● 56 Yarborough Crescent (53.243, -0.54) ● 309 Burton Road (53.248, -0.55) ● 334 Burton Road (53.246, -0.55) ● 328 Burton Road (53.245, -0.55) ● 48-54 Yarborough Crescent (53.243, -0.54) ● 45-53 Yarborough Crescent (53.244, -0.54) ● 316-318 Burton Road (53.245, -0.55) ● 300 Burton Road (53.244, -0.55) ● 298 Burton Road (53.244, -0.55) ● 66-68 Westcliffe Street (53.244, -0.55) ● 3-5 Westcliffe Street (53.243, -0.55) ● 311-313 Burton Road (53.248, -0.55) ● 33 Westcliffe Street (53.244, -0.55) ● 7-9 Westcliffe Street (53.243, -0.55) ● 11-13 Westcliffe Street (53.243, -0.55) ● 29 Westcliffe Street (53.244, -0.55) ● 15-17 Westcliffe Street (53.243, -0.55) ● 21 Westcliffe Street (53.243, -0.55)

Page 18 of 20 ● 27 Westcliffe Street (53.243, -0.55) ● 19 Westcliffe Street (53.243, -0.55) ● 3 Caenby Street (53.242, -0.55) ● 5 and 7 Caenby Street (53.242, -0.55) ● 31 Westcliffe Street (53.244, -0.55) ● 1 Caenby Street (53.242, -0.55) ● 9-11 Yarborough Crescent (53.243, -0.55) ● 227-241 Burton Road (53.243, -0.55) ● 10 Higson Road (53.248, -0.55) ● 8-9 Higson Road (53.248, -0.55) ● 2-5 Higson Road (53.247, -0.55) ● 5-7 Yarborough Crescent (53.242, -0.55) ● Higson Road (53.247, -0.55) ● 16-58 Westcliffe Street and 1 Wingrave Street (53.243, -0.55) ● 272-296 Burton Road (53.244, -0.55) ● 211-225 Burton Road (53.243, -0.55) ● 310-314 Burton Road (53.245, -0.55) ● 302 Burton Road (53.244, -0.55) ● 308 Burton Road (53.244, -0.55) ● Burton Cliff House, Burton Road (53.249, -0.55) ● Lodge, Burton Road (53.249, -0.55) ● 323 Burton Road (53.249, -0.55) ● Caenby Street (53.243, -0.55) ● Westcliffe Street (53.243, -0.55) ● Wingrave Street (53.243, -0.55) ● 228-270 Burton Road (53.243, -0.55) ● 214-226 Burton Road (53.242, -0.55) ● St Matthias Church, Burton Road (53.242, -0.55) ● Bradegate/Burtongate (53.248, -0.55)

Page 19 of 20 Appendix 4: List of Ecological Sites

● West Cliff ● Old Quarry, Burton Road ● Burton Hall ● Cathedral Quarry ● Land at Nettleham Road and Searby Road ● Land Rear of 181-201 Riseholme Road ● Former Wragby Road Allotments ● Hill Cottage Meadow

Page 20 of 20 Appendix 5: Historical Components which influence the current character

● Field Boundary / Early Industrial ● Historic Earth Works / High Medieval ● Quarry / Roman Military ● Quarry / Early Industrial ● Quarry / Post-railway expansion ● Quarry / Late Victorian/Edwardian

Page 21 of 20