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(Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Peru

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Zootaxa 4040 (2): 225–235 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4040.2.8 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F41345A5-D0D3-43B6-B99A-3AD8098BB020 Additions to the checklist of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Peru BENOIT GUÉNARD1,3 & EVAN P. ECONOMO2 1School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 2Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan, 904-0495 3Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] Abstract A recent species checklist of the ants of Peru recorded 592 nominal species and 79 genera on the basis of a literature re- view. Here we complement the previously published checklist with the addition of 83 nominal species and six genera, in- cluding three genera recorded only from morphospecies. This increases the list of ants reported from Peru to at least 679 species and subspecies and 85 genera. We also modify the list of species known as endemic from Peru, discuss the histor- ical importance of the Peruvian ant fauna in myrmecology, and highlight potential research for future studies. Key words: Formicidae, Peru, checklist Introduction The compilation and curation of species checklists for different regions of the world provides important tools for biologists to complete inventories, realize new discoveries, assist taxonomic identifications, but also to mark milestones in the understanding of regional faunas and floras. However the completion of checklists using literature records represents a real challenge as records have been spread across centuries in thousands of publications in various fields of biology (taxonomy, biogeography, ecology, etc.), in museum collections, and more recently in online databases. In a recent publication Bezdĕčkovā and collaborators (2015) produced a checklist of ant species for a species- rich country, Peru. A list of 592 nominal species and subspecies was compiled based on literature records only, representing an increase of 260 species since the last publication that included Peruvian ants more than 10 years earlier (Fernandez & Sendoya 2004). The 592 nominal species were in 76 genera, and three additional genera were known from morphospecies records, bringing the total to 79 genera. We compared these published results with a newly developed global ant database (GABI), and noted some discrepancies between our database of Peruvian ant diversity and the new published checklist. Based on this comparison, it appears that Bezdĕčkovā et al. (2015) missed some publications of species records for Peru. Here we complete the list of ants of Peru published by Bezdĕčkovā and collaborators, identify records that are potential misidentifications, and correct a few misspellings. Methods The records presented here were collected from an extensive global literature search, museum records and records from personal collections compiled into a centralized database GABI (Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics Project). GABI includes nearly 1.7 million records globally from the synthesis of over 8520 publications and has been recently used for the compilation of species checklist from various parts of the world including the Solomons islands (Sarnat et al. 2013) and Yunnan in China (Liu et al. 2015). Visualizations of the GABI data are available through the web-mapping tool antmaps.org. Accepted by J. Longino: 20 Oct. 2015; published: 10 Nov. 2015 225 A total of 6944 species records specific to Peru were extracted from the GABI database, inclusive of 1013 records from Bezdĕčkovā et al. (2015). Here, are presented only the Peruvian records not mentioned in the latest checklist. Results Our literature review added 83 nominal species, two native genera (Trachymyrmex and Stigmatomma), and one exotic genus (Monomorium) to the latest checklist of the ants of Peru, while two species should be deleted as they most likely represent erroneous records. Furthermore, six more genera have been reported only from morphospecies and should thus also be included. In total, the Peruvian ant fauna includes at least 85 genera from 679 species and subspecies. Additional species records from Peru The list of species below should be added to the initial list produced by Bezdĕčkovā et al. (2015). Ex. = Exotic. Numbers correspond to the references mentioning the record and are presented in Appendix 1. Taxa References Amblyoponinae Stigmatomma degeneratum (Borgmeier, 1957) Peru (30, 32) Stigmatomma lurilabes (Lattke, 1991) Peru (32) Dolichoderinae Azteca chartifex Emery, 1896 Madre de Dios (9) Azteca ulei Forel, 1904 Madre de Dios (11) Linepithema piliferum (Mayr, 1870) Cusco (8) Dorylinae Labidus auropubens (Santschi, 1920) Huánuco (47) Labidus mars (Forel, 1912) Peru (47) Labidus spininodis (Emery, 1890) Peru (47) Neivamyrmex halidaii (Shuckard, 1840) Junín & Madre de Dios (47), Peru (13, 15) Neivamyrmex kuertii (Enzmann, 1952) Peru (17, 27) Nomamyrmex esenbeckii (Westwood, 1842) Amazonas (47) Madre de Dios (1, 9, 10, 47), Peru (48) Ectatomminae Gnamptogenys acuminata (Emery, 1896) Loreto (34), Madre de Dios (34) Gnamptogenys fernandezi Lattke, 1990 Madre de Dios (34) Gnamptogenys kempfi Lenko, 1964 Madre de Dios (34), Peru (36) Gnamptogenys minuta (Emery, 1896) Peru (33) Gnamptogenys moelleri (Forel, 1912) Huánuco (34), Madre de Dios (2, 34, 50) Gnamptogenys mordax (Smith, 1858) Huánuco (34), Madre de Dios (2, 34) Gnamptogenys relicta (Mann, 1916) Madre de Dios (2) Gnamptogenys sulcata (Smith, 1858) Madre de Dios (34) Gnamptogenys triangularis (Mayr, 1887) Huánuco (34, 37), Madre de Dios (10) Typhlomyrmex major Santschi, 1923 Pasco (31) 226 · Zootaxa 4040 (2) © 2015 Magnolia Press GUÉNARD & ECONOMO Formicinae Acropyga goeldii Forel, 1893 Peru (20) Camponotus ager (Smith, 1858) Peru (14) Camponotus amoris Forel, 1904 Madre de Dios (50) Camponotus bidens Mayr, 1870 Madre de Dios (41) Camponotus blandus (Smith, 1858) Peru (29) Camponotus cameranoi Emery, 1894 Peru (29) Camponotus geralensis Emery, 1920 Ocobamba (Cusco or Apurímac) (26) Camponotus iheringi Forel, 1908 Madre de Dios (10) Camponotus koseritzi Emery, 1888 Peru (14) Camponotus simillimus indianus Forel Madre de Dios (50) Myrmelachista schumanni Emery, 1890 Peru (12), Loreto (22) Heteroponerinae Acanthoponera mucronata (Roger, 1860) Peru (16), Madre de Dios (28) Myrmicinae Apterostigma auriculatum Wheeler, 1925 Madre de Dios (50) Apterostigma jubatum Wheeler, 1925 Huánuco (35) Apterostigma manni Weber, 1938 Huánuco (35), Madre de Dios (35) Apterostigma robustum Emery, 1896 Huánuco (35), Madre de Dios (35) Apterostigma urichii Forel, 1893 Huánuco (35) Atta colombica Guérin-Méneville, 1844 Madre de Dios (9, 10) Cephalotes laminatus (Smith, 1860) Loreto (23, 40) Cephalotes oculatus (Spinola, 1851) Madre de Dios (9, 10) Cephalotes pallens (Klug, 1824) Loreto (23, 40) Cyphomyrmex minutus Mayr, 1862 Madre de Dios (2) Hylomyrma praepotens Kempf, 1973 Madre de Dios (2) Megalomyrmex acauna Brandão, 1990 Madre de Dios (3) Megalomyrmex emeryi Forel, 1904 Loreto (7) Megalomyrmex poatan Brandão, 1990 Madre de Dios (7) Monomorium pharaonis (Linnaeus, 1758) Ex. Lima (54), Peru (18) Mycetosoritis sp. Madre de Dios (3) Myrmicocrypta occipitalis Weber, 1938 Junín (49) Ochetomyrmex semipolitus Mayr, 1878 Madre de Dios (50) Pheidole deima Wilson, 2003 Madre de Dios (50) Pheidole midas Wilson, 2003 Madre de Dios (2) Pheidole nitella Wilson, 2003 Madre de Dios (50) Pheidole sensitiva Borgmeier, 1959 Madre de Dios (2) Protalaridris sp. Madre de Dios (52) Sericomyrmex sp. Madre de Dios (3, 52) Strumigenys alberti Forel, 1893 Amazonas, Huánuco, Loreto (6) Strumigenys beebei (Wheeler, 1915) Madre de Dios (3) Strumigenys cordovensis Mayr, 1887 Madre de Dios (6) Strumigenys elongata Roger, 1863 Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco (6) ANTS OF PERU Zootaxa 4040 (2) © 2015 Magnolia Press · 227 Strumigenys longispinosa Brown, 1958 Madre de Dios (2) Strumigenys precava Brown, 1954 San Martín (6) Strumigenys trinidadensis Wheeler, 1922 Madre de Dios (2) Tetramorium bicarinatum (Nylander, 1846) Ex. Huánuco (4), Peru (5) Trachymyrmex farinosus (Emery, 1894) Madre de Dios (50) Tranopelta subterranea (Mann, 1916) Madre de Dios (39) Xenomyrmex sp. Madre de Dios (3, 53) Ponerinae Anochetus diegensis Forel, 1912 Peru (19) Anochetus neglectus Emery, 1894 Madre de Dios (2) Anochetus targionii Emery, 1894 Madre de Dios (2) Centromyrmex sp. Lima (51) Dinoponera australis Emery, 1901 Huánuco (24) Hypoponera punctatissima (Roger, 1859) Ex. Peru (21) Odontomachus brunneus (Patton, 1894) Madre de Dios (2) Odontomachus erythrocephalus Emery, 1890 Madre de Dios (2) Odontomachus insularis Guérin-Méneville, 1844 Peru (21) Odontomachus laticeps Roger, 1861 Madre de Dios (50) Simopelta pergandei (Forel, 1909) San Martín (3), Junín (38), Madre de Dios (43) Proceratiinae Discothyrea sp. Loreto (3) Pseudomyrmecinae Pseudomyrmex beccarii (Menozzi, 1935) San Martín (46) Pseudomyrmex boopis Loreto (46) Pseudomyrmex curacaensis (Forel, 1912) Huánuco, Madre de Dios, San Martín (44) Pseudomyrmex depressus Cusco, Madre de Dios (46) Pseudomyrmex filiformis (Fabricius, 1804) Cusco, Huánuco, Junín, Loreto, Puno (46), Madre de Dios (9, 10), San Martín (24) Pseudomyrmex rochai Huánuco, Madre de Dios (46) Pseudomyrmex rubiginosus Huánuco, Loreto (46) Pseudomyrmex sericeus Huánuco, Junín, Madre de Dios, Puno (46) Pseudomyrmex viduus (Smith, 1858) Huánuco, Madre de Dios, San Martín (45) Excluded ant species from Peru The following
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    UNIVERSIDAD DE BUENOS AIRES Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Sistemática y ecología de las hormigas predadoras (Formicidae: Ponerinae) de la Argentina Tesis presentada para optar al título de Doctor de la Universidad de Buenos Aires en el área CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS PRISCILA ELENA HANISCH Directores de tesis: Dr. Andrew Suarez y Dr. Pablo L. Tubaro Consejero de estudios: Dr. Daniel Roccatagliata Lugar de trabajo: División de Ornitología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia” Buenos Aires, Marzo 2018 Fecha de defensa: 27 de Marzo de 2018 Sistemática y ecología de las hormigas predadoras (Formicidae: Ponerinae) de la Argentina Resumen Las hormigas son uno de los grupos de insectos más abundantes en los ecosistemas terrestres, siendo sus actividades, muy importantes para el ecosistema. En esta tesis se estudiaron de forma integral la sistemática y ecología de una subfamilia de hormigas, las ponerinas. Esta subfamilia predomina en regiones tropicales y neotropicales, estando presente en Argentina desde el norte hasta la provincia de Buenos Aires. Se utilizó un enfoque integrador, combinando análisis genéticos con morfológicos para estudiar su diversidad, en combinación con estudios ecológicos y comportamentales para estudiar la dominancia, estructura de la comunidad y posición trófica de las Ponerinas. Los resultados sugieren que la diversidad es más alta de lo que se creía, tanto por que se encontraron nuevos registros durante la colecta de nuevo material, como porque nuestros análisis sugieren la presencia de especies crípticas. Adicionalmente, demostramos que en el PN Iguazú, dos ponerinas: Dinoponera australis y Pachycondyla striata son componentes dominantes en la comunidad de hormigas. Análisis de isótopos estables revelaron que la mayoría de las Ponerinas ocupan niveles tróficos altos, con excepción de algunas especies arborícolas del género Neoponera que dependerían de néctar u otros recursos vegetales.
  • Borowiec Et Al-2020 Ants – Phylogeny and Classification

    Borowiec Et Al-2020 Ants – Phylogeny and Classification

    A Ants: Phylogeny and 1758 when the Swedish botanist Carl von Linné Classification published the tenth edition of his catalog of all plant and animal species known at the time. Marek L. Borowiec1, Corrie S. Moreau2 and Among the approximately 4,200 animals that he Christian Rabeling3 included were 17 species of ants. The succeeding 1University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA two and a half centuries have seen tremendous 2Departments of Entomology and Ecology & progress in the theory and practice of biological Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, classification. Here we provide a summary of the NY, USA current state of phylogenetic and systematic 3Social Insect Research Group, Arizona State research on the ants. University, Tempe, AZ, USA Ants Within the Hymenoptera Tree of Ants are the most ubiquitous and ecologically Life dominant insects on the face of our Earth. This is believed to be due in large part to the cooperation Ants belong to the order Hymenoptera, which also allowed by their sociality. At the time of writing, includes wasps and bees. ▶ Eusociality, or true about 13,500 ant species are described and sociality, evolved multiple times within the named, classified into 334 genera that make up order, with ants as by far the most widespread, 17 subfamilies (Fig. 1). This diversity makes the abundant, and species-rich lineage of eusocial ants the world’s by far the most speciose group of animals. Within the Hymenoptera, ants are part eusocial insects, but ants are not only diverse in of the ▶ Aculeata, the clade in which the ovipos- terms of numbers of species.