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Middle East 1 Middle East
Middle East 1 Middle East Middle East Map of the Middle east. (Green color) Countries 18–38 (varying definitions) Languages Middle East: Arabic, Aramaic, Azerbaijani, French, Greek, Hebrew, Kurdish, Persian, Somali, Turkish Greater Middle East: Arabic, Armenian, Azerbaijani, Balochi, Berber, Dari, French, Greek, Georgian, Hebrew, Kurdish, Pashto, Persian, Somali, Tigrinya, Turkish, Urdu Time Zones UTC +3:30 (Iran) to UTC +2:00 (Egypt) (traditional definition) Largest Cities In rank order: Istanbul, Cairo, Tehran, Baghdad, Riyadh, Jeddah, Ankara The Middle East[1] is a region that roughly encompasses Western Asia. The term is considered to be Eurocentric and used as a synonym for Near East, in opposition to Far East. The corresponding adjective is Middle-Eastern and the derived noun is Middle-Easterner. The largest ethnic group in the middle east are Arabs,[2] with Turks, Turkomans, Persians, Kurds, Azeris, Copts, Jews, Maronites, Assyro-Chaldeans, Circassians, Armenians, Druze and numerous other ethnic groups forming other significant populations. The history of the Middle East dates back to ancient times, and throughout its history, the Middle East has been a major center of world affairs. When discussing ancient history, however, the term Near East is more commonly used. The Middle East is also the historical origin of major religions such as Judaism, Christianity, and Islam as well as the less common Baha'i faith, Mandaeism, Druze faith and others. The Middle East generally has an arid and hot climate, with several major rivers providing for irrigation to support agriculture in limited areas, especially in Mesopotamia and the rest of the Fertile Crescent. Many countries located around the Persian Gulf have large quantities of crude oil, which has resulted in much wealth particularly for nations in the Arabian peninsula. -
Annual Report on Soes.Pdf
Public Report on the State-Owned Enterprises and Shares in 2014 Cross-Sectoral Coordination Centre Riga 2015 2 Public Report regarding the State-Owned Capital Companies and Capital Shares Table of contents Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................................3 Financial summary about the fi nancial indicators of use of state capital .............................................................................4 Methodology and abbreviations used in the report ............................................................................................................6 Overview of the sectors Energy.....................................................................................................................................................................7 Forestry and agriculture ........................................................................................................................................ 11 Transport and logistics .......................................................................................................................................... 17 Communications ...................................................................................................................................................27 Real estate ............................................................................................................................................................33 -
1 Speaking About Qatar
SPEAKING ABOUT QATAR: DISCOURSES ON NATIONAL IDENTITY IN POSTCOLONIAL GULF Erick Viramontes Viramontes A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of The Australian National University July, 2018 1 DECLARATION This thesis is an account of research undertaken between January 2014 and July 2018 at the Research School of Social Sciences, School of Politics and International Relations, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia. Except where acknowledged in the customary manner, the material presented in this thesis is, to the best of my knowledge, original and has not been submitted in whole or part for a degree in any university. __________________________ Erick Viramontes Viramontes July 2018 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The process that led to this thesis, which began in mid-2013 in the Mexican Altiplano, was full of satisfaction and learning, but also carried with it moments of frustration, difficulty and despair. For this reason, its completion would not have been possible without the unconditional support and invaluable advice from many people to whom I will be forever grateful. I would like to express my deepest thanks to the members of my panel, who provided challenging and enriching insights at every step along this long journey. In particular, I would like to thank my primary supervisor, April Biccum, for her emphasis on the theoretical implications of my research, and my advisor Sean Burges, whose comments helped develop my thinking. I would also like to thank James Piscatori and Mathew Gray from the Center for Arab and Islamic Studies, who put their knowledge and expertise on the Middle East at the service of this project, and Sean Foley, who was a visiting fellow at the Center during my time as a Ph.D. -
Latvia 1988-2015: a Triumph of the Radical Nationalists
The Baltic Centre of Historical and Socially Political Studies Victor Gushchin Latvia 1988-2015: a triumph of the radical nationalists Political support of the West for Latvian radical nationalism and neo-Nazismand the import of this ideology into Latvia after the West’s victory in the Cold War. Formation of a unipolar world led by the USA, revision of the 1945 Yalta and Potsdam treaties and the 1975 Helsinki Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe as main reasons for the evolution of the Republic of Latvia of May 4th, 1990,from elimination of universal suffrage to relapse of totalitarianism: establishment of the so-called «Latvian Latvia», Russophobia, suppression of ethnic minority rights, restriction of freedom of speech and assembly, revision of the outcome of World War Two and propaganda of neo-Nazism. Riga 2017 UDK 94(474.3) “19/20” Gu 885 The book Latvia 1988-2015: a triumph of the radical nationalists» is dedicated to Latvia’s most recent history. On May 4, 1990, the Supreme Soviet (Supreme Council) of the Latvian SSR adopted the Declaration on the Restoration of Independence of the Latvian Republic without holding a national referendum, thus violating the acting Constitution. Following this up on October 15, 1991, the Supreme Soviet deprived more than a third of its own electorate Latvia 1988 - 2015: of the right to automatic citizenship. As a result, one of the most fundamental principles of a triumph of the radical nationalists democracy, universal suffrage, was eliminated. Thereafter, the Latvian parliament, periodically re-elected in conditions where a signif- icant part of country’s inhabitants lack the right to participate in elections, has been adopting Book 1. -
Estonian Flag Act
Issuer: Riigikogu Type: act In force from: 14.06.2014 In force until: 31.12.2017 Translation published: 05.06.2014 Estonian Flag Act Passed 23.03.2005 RT I 2005, 20, 126 entry into force pursuant to section 26 Amended by the following acts Passed Published Entry into force 19.06.2008 RT I 2008, 35, 213 01.01.2009 18.06.2009 RT I 2009, 33, 214 02.07.2009 26.11.2009 RT I 2009, 62, 405 01.01.2010 22.04.2010 RT I 2010, 19, 101 01.06.2010 17.02.2011 RT I, 09.03.2011, 2 19.03.2011 21.05.2014 RT I, 04.06.2014, 1 14.06.2014 § 1. Estonian flag (1) The Estonian flag is blue, black and white. (2) The Estonian flag is used as the ethnic and the national flag. § 2. Description of Estonian flag (1) The Estonian flag is made up of three horizontal bands of colour of equal width. The upper band is blue, the middle one is black and the lower one is white. The hoist to fly ratio of the flag is 7:11. (2) An image of the Estonian flag is annexed to this Act. § 3. Hoisting of Estonian flag on the Pikk Hermann tower (1) The Estonian flag is hoisted on the Pikk Hermann tower in Tallinn every day at sunrise, but not earlier than 7.00 a.m., and is lowered at sunset. (2) On the hoisting of the Estonian flag on the Pikk Hermann tower, the opening phrases of the national anthem of Estonia are used as a musical signature, and the musical signature used when the Estonian flag is lowered is the signature created on the basis of a fragment of Gustav Ernesaks’s song Mu isamaa on minu arm[My Fatherland Is My Love] (lyrics by Lydia Koidula). -
Latvia's Constitution of 1922, Reinstated in 1991, with Amendments Through 2016
PDF generated: 26 Aug 2021, 16:36 constituteproject.org Latvia's Constitution of 1922, Reinstated in 1991, with Amendments through 2016 Subsequently amended This complete constitution has been generated from excerpts of texts from the repository of the Comparative Constitutions Project, and distributed on constituteproject.org. constituteproject.org PDF generated: 26 Aug 2021, 16:36 Table of contents Preamble . 3 Chapter I: General Provisions . 3 Chapter II: The Saeima . 4 Chapter III: The President . 8 Chapter IV: The Cabinet . 10 Chapter V: Legislation . 11 Chapter VI: Courts . 14 Chapter VII: The State Audit Office . 15 Chapter VIII: Fundamental Human Rights . 15 Latvia 1922 (reinst. 1991, rev. 2016) Page 2 constituteproject.org PDF generated: 26 Aug 2021, 16:36 • Preamble Preamble • Source of constitutional authority The people of Latvia, in freely elected Constitutional Assembly, have adopted the following State Constitution: • Reference to country's history • Right to self determination The State of Latvia, proclaimed on 18 November 1918, has been established by uniting historical Latvian lands and on the basis of the unwavering will of the Latvian nation to have its own State and its inalienable right of self-determination in order to guarantee the existence and development of the Latvian nation, its language and culture throughout the centuries, to ensure freedom and promote welfare of the people of Latvia and each individual. • Reference to country's history The people of Latvia won their State in the War of Liberation. They consolidated the system of government and adopted the Constitution in a freely elected Constitutional Assembly. • Reference to country's history The people of Latvia did not recognise the occupation regimes, resisted them and regained their freedom by restoring national independence on 4 May 1990 on the basis of continuity of the State. -
Moral Concepts Surrounding Flags—An Analysis
2? Intemational Congress of Vexillologv FlagBerlin2007 Page 591 Alexandra Dan Mandru: Moral Concepts surrounding Flags - an Analysis Abstract: Starting with thefirst Latin vexilli, and ending with the modern, diagonal- lined ensigns, flags have always contained a heavy load of morality and philosophy, bearing symbols ofgreat importance for their using body. This is the reason why the burning offlags is considered today as an act of great defying, against the entity which uses the flag. This paper contains a research of how are the moral principles reflected in flags, the manner in which an idea can be vexillologically illustrated within a piece of cloth. 1. Introduction: Essential Values and Principles reflected in Flags The existence of a flag is a consequence of a certain degree of sovereignty, independence or autonomy. Thus, a certain degree of self- reliance of the using body (whether it is a country, a territory or a corporation) is asserted within the simple bearing of the flag. This paper presents a new approach, regarding the moral content existing in flags. The range of moral concepts which will be analysed encompasses values, principles and abstract ideas, which find a way of concretisation with their appearance in flags. The colours tell much about the meaning of a flag. They can mean patriotism, the blood shed for the fatherland or love for one’s territory (red), or the connection with nature, faith, even mineral wealth (green). Nationalism is an important element in flags. The flags which express a nationalist attitude are charged with traditional colours, national symbols, etc. they can’t be used otherwise than as a national symbol. -
Page 29 Dec 11.Indd
SPORT Monday 11 December 2017 PAGE | 31 PAGE | 32-33 PAGE | 35 Sri Lanka crush QSL: Al Duhail on James dazzles as India in first top after round 11; Clippers edge ODI match Al Sadd close in Wizards Team Qatar Flag Relay to inspire nation on National Day The Peninsula It will travel up and around participation in the Team Qatar Qatar taking in key landmarks, Flag Relay, Barshim said: “It’s an he Qatar Olympic Commit- including the Museum of Islamic amazing honour to be part of the tee (QOC) yesterday Art, Katara, the Pearl, Al Khor, Team Qatar Flag Relay and share Tannounced that it will host Qatar Foundation, Al Shaqab and this experience with everyone in a flag relay on Thursday, Decem- the Aspire Zone, before complet- Qatar. I’ve achieved some amaz- ber 14 to unite, inspire and share ing its route in the evening at the ing results this year and I am so pride with the nation through heart of Qatar’s National Day cel- happy with how I have fulfilled Team Qatar in celebration of this ebrations, Darb Al Saai. some of my dreams but the best year’s National Day. Flag-carriers will transport it via part is always when I stand on the Hundreds of current and multiple different sporting activ- podium and see the flag of Qatar retired athletes, schoolchildren ities, including cycling, running, raised and hear the national and inspirational individuals will para-athletics, sailing, rowing, anthem. This is a moment that I carry the national flag across swimming and more, reflecting always cherish and it is a huge Qatar and its most iconic land- the strength and depth of Team source of pride for me. -
December 16, 2020
Qatar's Qatar 2022 economic preparations on recovery schedule despite unmatched pandemic, says in the region Al Thawadi Business | 01 Sport | 11 WEDNESDAY 16 DECEMBER 2020 1 JUMADA I - 1442 VOLUME 25 NUMBER 8473 www.thepeninsula.qa 2 RIYALS Build your own plan! Terms & Conditions Apply QND parade attendees to follow strict health measures SIDI MOHAMED to attend, as each invitee is THE PENINSULA Families of health sector given a card for car parks and workers and participating seats in the galleries. He pointed The families of the health sector out that the Organising Com- workers and participating bodies only will be allowed to mittee has allocated seats for bodies only will be allowed to attend the event. the invitees in two southern and attend the Qatar National Day Corniche waterfront will be northern platforms to the main parade on December 18 through podium’s right and left. The total special invitations in completely closed and the number of seats will be 2,569 compliance with the excep- public will not be allowed to for the invitees only. tional precautionary measures. enter. The invitation card includes “Citizens and residents can a barcode that directs attendees watch the National Day parade Fireworks at Corniche at to a designated parking area. and the festive moments on tel- 8.30pm on Friday. The Qatar Red Crescent teams evision channels. This is due to Metro stations to remain will be present at the entrances complying with COVID-19 pre- to ensure the compliance of the ventive measures to ensure closed till 2pm on National Day. -
Specific Flag Days
Specific flag days Country/Territory/Continent Date Details Afghanistan August 19 Independence day, 1919. Albania November 28 Independence day, 1912. Anniversary of the death of Manuel Belgrano, who created the Argentina June 20 current flag. Aruba March 18 Flag day. Adoption of the national flag on March 18, 1976. Australian National Flag Day commemorates the first flying of Australia September 3 the Australian National Flag in 1901. State Flag Day, was officially established in 2009, for the Azerbaijan November 9 commemoration of the adoption of the Flag of Azerbaijan on November 9, 1918. Åland Last Sunday of April Commemorates adoption of the Åland flag Flag Day in Bolivia. Commemorates of the creation of the first August 17 Bolivia national flag. Brazil November 19 Flag Day in Brazil; adopted in 1889 Canada National Flag of Canada Day commemorates adoption of the February 15 Canadian flag, Feb. 15, 1965. January 21[4][5] Québec Flag Day (French: Jour du Drapeau) commemorates Quebec the first flying of the flag of Quebec, January 21, 1948. July 20 Declaration of Independence (1810) (Celebrated as National Colombia August 7 Day); Battle of Boyaca (1819) Dia di Bandera ("Day of the Flag"). Adoption of the national July 2 Curaçao flag on 2 July 1984. Anniversary of the Battle of Valdemar in 1219 in Lyndanisse, Estonia, where according to legend, the ("Dannebrog") fell Denmark June 15 from the sky. It is also the anniversary of the return of North Slesvig in 1920 to Denmark following the post-World War I plebiscite. "Day of the National Flag" ("Dia de la Bandera Nacional"). -
Latvia's Constitution of 1922, Reinstated in 1991, with Amendments Through 2007
PDF generated: 26 Aug 2021, 16:36 constituteproject.org Latvia's Constitution of 1922, Reinstated in 1991, with Amendments through 2007 This complete constitution has been generated from excerpts of texts from the repository of the Comparative Constitutions Project, and distributed on constituteproject.org. constituteproject.org PDF generated: 26 Aug 2021, 16:36 Table of contents Preamble . 3 Chapter I: General Provisions . 3 Chapter II: The Saeima . 3 Chapter III: The President . 7 Chapter IV: The Cabinet . 9 Chapter V: Legislation . 10 Chapter VI: Courts . 13 Chapter VII: The State Audit Office . 14 Chapter VIII: Fundamental Human Rights . 14 Latvia 1922 (reinst. 1991, rev. 2007) Page 2 constituteproject.org PDF generated: 26 Aug 2021, 16:36 • Source of constitutional authority • Preamble Preamble The people of Latvia, in freely elected Constitutional Assembly, have adopted the following State Constitution: Chapter I: General Provisions • Type of government envisioned Article 1 Latvia is an independent democratic republic. Article 2 The sovereign power of the State of Latvia is vested in the people of Latvia. • International law Article 3 The territory of the State of Latvia, within the borders established by international agreements, consists of Vidzeme, Latgale, Kurzeme and Zemgale. • National flag Article 4 • Official or national languages The Latvian language is the official language in the Republic of Latvia. The national flag of Latvia shall be red with a band of white. Chapter II: The Saeima • Structure of legislative chamber(s) Article 5 • Size of first chamber The Saeima shall be composed of one hundred representatives of the people. • Secret ballot Article 6 • First chamber selection The Saeima shall be elected in general, equal and direct elections, and by secret ballot based on proportional representation. -
The Latvian Direct Democracy Tools in a Comparative European Context
The Latvian direct democracy tools in a comparative European context OÑATI SOCIO-LEGAL SERIES VOLUME 10, ISSUE 4 (2020), 744-788: INVESTIGATIONS – INVESTIGACIONES – IKERLANAK DOI LINK: HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.35295/OSLS.IISL/0000-0000-0000-1075 RECEIVED 03 APRIL 2019, ACCEPTED 03 SEPTEMBER 2019 FABIO RATTO TRABUCCO∗ Abstract This article analyses and compares the legal tools of direct democracy in Latvia and other European countries. Based on comparison, the author draws concludes the shortcomings of the legal framework of direct democracy in the Constitution of the Republic of Latvia. The author analyses functioning of the direct democracy tools in Latvian practice and compares them with similar tools in other European countries, expressing his criticism towards Latvian legislation on the referendum and people’s initiative, finding that some mechanisms included in the Constitution are old- fashioned and ineffective. The article identifies actual shortcomings of the legal framework of the referendum and popular initiative both at the level of the Constitution and that of the law and makes suggestions for improvements of the mechanisms of direct democracy, particularly taking into account the experience of the other Baltic countries. Key words Latvia; national referendum; people’s initiative; parliamentary dissolution; recall referendum Resumen Este artículo analiza y compara las herramientas legales de la democracia directa en Letonia y en otros países europeos. Sobre la base de la comparación, el autor extrae conclusiones sobre las deficiencias del marco legal de la democracia directa letona. El autor analiza la legislación y la práctica letona sobre el referéndum y la iniciativa popular comparándola con las de otros países europeos, incluido el referéndum sobre la disolución del Parlamento, expresando críticas de que una serie de I wish to thank Profs.