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List of Native

By Karen P. Bennett, Extension Professor and Specialist with the assistance of William F. Nichols, N.H. Natural Heritage Bureau, Division of Forests and Lands, Department of Resources and Economic Development (NHNHB). This list was originally compiled by Karen Bennett with assistance from Lionel Chute, NHNHB and JB Cullen Division of Forests and Lands.

Our latest count shows 86 native in New Hampshire. The exact number is hard to state because some species are more commonly found in a form, about a dozen are rare, and others can be distinguished by only the most determined dendrologist. The following criteria were used to determine inclusion on this list: • Native to, at least part of, New Hampshire. • Capable of growing to at least 20 feet tall. • At least on occasion, must grow as single-stem specimens—some are more commonly found in the shrub form.

Species are split into and groupings. Within those broad groups, species are broken into . The genus are listed in alphabetical order by the generic common name (i.e. , , ash, etc.). The species appear within the generic grouping by the common name(s) most often used by this particular author—many other common names exist. Scientific () names are also given. names appear by the generic scientific name.

Numbers by the name indicate the following: 1Rare in New Hampshire (N.H. Natural Heritage Bureau, 2014) 2Rarity status indeterminate (N.H. Natural Heritage Bureau, 2014) 3Exists in tree or shrub form

______Softwoods______

Arborvitae () northern white-cedar, arborvitae Thuja ocidentalis

Fir Abies () balsam

Hemlock (Pinaceae) eastern hemlock

Juniper Juniperis (Cupressaceae) eastern redcedar Juniperus virginiana

Larch Larix (Pinaceae) tamarack, eastern , American larch

Pine Pinus (Pinaceae) eastern white pine red pine Pinus resinosa pine Pinus rigida Jack pine1 Pinus banksiana1

Spruce Picea (Pinaceae) black red spruce white spruce

White Cedar (Cupressaceae) white-cedar Chamaecyparis thyoides

List of New Hampshire Native Trees, revised 2014 Page 1 of 4 ______Hardwoods______

Ash () white ash black ash green ash

Basswood () American basswood

Beech Fagus () American

Birch Betula () yellow sweet birch, black birch river birch1 Betula nigra1 birch, white birch heart-leaved paper birch gray birch

Cherry () American plum2,3 Prunus americana2,3 black pin cherry, fire cherry choke cherry3 Prunus virginiana3

Chestnut Castanea (Fagaceae) American Castanea dentata

Dogwood Benthamidia (Cornaceae) flowering dogwood3 Benthamidia , syn.

Elm Ulmus (Ulmaceae) American slippery elm Ulmus rubra

Gum Nyssa (Cornaceae) black gum, black tupelo Nyssa sylvatica

Hackberry Celtis (Ulmaceae) h ackberry3 Celtis occidentalis3

Hawthorn Craetagus (Rosaceae) dotted hawthorn punctata fireberry hawthorn3 Crataegus chrysocarpa3 frosted hawthorn2,3 Crataegus pruinosa2,3 Biltmore hawthorn3 Crataegus biltmoreana3 northern hawthorn3 Crataegus dissona3 Gray’s hawthorn2, 3 var. grayana2, 3 Gray’s hawthorn3 Crataegus flabellata var. flabellata3 yellow hawthorn2, 3 Crataegus flavida2, 3 Holmes’ hawthorn3 Crataegus holmesiana3

List of New Hampshire Native Trees, revised 2014 Page 2 of 4 entangled hawthorn2, 3 Crataegus intricata2, 3 long-thorned hawthorn3 Crataegus macracantha3 large-seeded hawthorn3 Crataegus macrosperma3 poplar hawthorn1, 3 Crataegus populnea1, 3 Pringle’s hawthorn Crataegus pringlei scabrous hawthorn2, 3 Crataegus scabrida2, 3 royal hawthorn2, 3 var. basilica2, 3 hawthorn3 Crataegus submollis3

Hickory Carya (Juglandaceae) bitternut Carya cordiformis shagbark hickory Carya ovata pignut hickory

Hophornbeam Ostrya (Betulaceae) hophornbeam, ironwood Ostrya virginiana

Hornbeam Carpinus (Betulaceae) blue-beech, musclewood, American , ironwood Carpinus caroliniana

Maple Acer (Aceraceae) boxelder, ash-leaved maple black maple1 Acer nigrum1 striped maple, moosewood maple3 Acer pensylvanicum3 red maple, white maple, swamp maple, soft maple silver maple Acer saccharinum sugar maple, rock maple, hard maple mountain maple3 Acer spicatum3

Mountain Ash (Rosaceae) American mountain-ash Sorbus americana showy mountain-ash

Oak Quercus (Fagaceae) northern red scarlet oak Quercus coccinea black oak Quercus velutina white oak swamp white oak chestnut oak1 Quercus syn. Quercus prinus1 bur oak, mossy-cup oak1 Quercus macrocarpa1

Poplar () eastern cottonwood balsam poplar bigtooth quaking aspen, trembling aspen, popple

Sassafras (Lauraceae) sassafras Sassafras albidum

List of New Hampshire Native Trees, revised 2014 Page 3 of 4 Serviceberry or Shadbush (Rosaceae) downy serviceberry, downy shadbush3 Amelanchier arborea3 mountain serviceberry, mountain shadbush3 Amelanchier bartramiana3 eastern serviceberry, eastern shadbush3 Amelanchier canadensis3 intermediate serviceberry, intermediate shadbush3 Amelanchier intermedia3 smooth serviceberry, smooth shadbush3 Amelanchier laevis3

Sumac Rhus (Anacardiaceae) staghorn sumac3 Rhus hirta syn. Rhus typhina3

Sycamore Platanus (Platanaceae) American sycamore, planetree, buttonwood Platanus occidentalis

Walnut (Juglandaceae) butternut, white walnut

Willow Salix (Salicaceae) black

______References______

Arthur Haines. 2011. New England Wild Society’s Florae Novae Angliae: A Manual for the Identification of Native and Naturalized Higher Vascular of New England. Yale University Press. New Haven, Ct.

Albion R. Hodgdon and Frederic L. Steele, 1958. The Woody Plants of New Hampshire, UNH Ag. Exp. Station Bulletin #447.

Willian Harlow, Ellwood Harrar, and Fred White. 1979. Textbook of Dendrology, McGraw-Hill Series in Forest Resources.

Henry A. Gleason and Arthur Cronquist, 1993, Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern and Adjacent , The Botanical Garden.

Kartecz, J.T., 1999. A Synonymized Checklist and Atlas with Biological Attributes for the Vascular Flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. First Edition. In: Kartecz, J.T., and C.A. Meachum. Synthesis of the North American Flora, Version 1.0. Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill. NC.

______Use your favorite search-engine for these helpful websites______

N.H. Natural Heritage Bureau—for lists of plants found in New Hampshire

Go —the New England Wild Flower Society’s plant identification site

Silvics of —online version of the classic USDA Forest Service Agriculture Handbook 654

UNH Cooperative Extension programs and policies are consistent with pertinent Federal and State laws and regulations on nondiscrimination regarding race, color, national origin, sex, sexual orientation, age, disability or veteran’s status. College of Life Sciences and Agriculture, County Governments, NH Dept. of Resources and Economic Development, Division of Forests and Lands, NH Fish and , U.S. Dept. of Agriculture and U.S. Fish and Service cooperating.

List of New Hampshire Native Trees, revised 2014 Page 4 of 4