Joint Study on Developing Euro-Asian Transport Linkages Joint Study on Developing Euro-Asian Transport Linkages United Nations
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0726716_ECE_TRANS_184_Couv.qxp 04.02.2008 16:17 Page 1 ECE - ESCAP ECONOMIC COMMISSION ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR EUROPE FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC JOINT STUDY ON DEVELOPING EURO-ASIAN TRANSPORT LINKAGES TRANSPORT EURO-ASIAN ON DEVELOPING JOINT STUDY JOINT STUDY ON DEVELOPING EURO-ASIAN TRANSPORT LINKAGES UNITED NATIONS Designed and printed by the Publishing Service, United Nations, Geneva — GE.07-26716 — February 2008 — 1,400 — ECE/TRANS/184 0726716_ECE_BAT_inter.qxp 04.02.2008 16:14 Page 1 ECONOMIC COMMISSION ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR EUROPE FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC JOINT STUDY ON DEVELOPING EURO-ASIA TRANSPORT LINKAGES Prepared under the United Nations Development Account Project on “Capacity Building through Cooperation in Developing Land and Land-Sea Interregional Transport Linkages” New York and Geneva, 2008 ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC NOTE The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontier or boundaries. This volume is issued in English and Russian only. ECE/TRANS/184 2 JOINT STUDY ON DEVELOPING EURO-ASIA TRANSPORT LINKAGES CONTENTS Page Foreword . 9 Executive summary and recommandations . 11 PART I - INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY . 15 1.1 Introduction. 15 1.2 Common UNECE-UNESCAP strategic vision for Euro-Asian transport links. 15 1.3 Overview and objectives of the study, including its importance to landlocked countries. 17 PART II - REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT NETWORKS AND INITIATIVES LINKING ASIA AND EUROPE 19 2.1 International transport networks supported by the United Nations system . 19 2.1.1 The E-road network: UNECE European Agreement on Main International Traffic Arteries (AGR) . 19 2.1.2 The E-rail network: UNECE European Agreement on Main International Railway Lines (AGC) . 19 2.1.3 The E-Combined Transport network: UNECE European Agreement on Important International Combined Transport Lines and Related Installations (AGTC). 20 2.1.4 The E-Inland Waterways network: UNECE European Agreement on Main Inland Waterways of International Importance (AGN) . 33 2.1.5 Asian Highway network (AH) . 33 2.1.6 Trans-Asian Railway network. 35 2.1.7 UNECE Trans-European Motorway (TEM) and Trans-European Railway (TER) networks . 36 2.1.8 The United Nations Special Programme for the Economies of Central Asia (SPECA) . 37 2.2 International transport networks supported by other international bodies. 37 2.2.1 Trans-European Transport Networks (TEN-T). 37 2.2.2 Pan-European Transport Corridors and Areas . 42 2.2.2.1 Pan-European Transport Conferences: Identification of the Pan-European Multimodal Transport Corridors/Areas . 42 2.2.2.2 The Black Sea Pan – European Transport Area (PETrA) . 46 2.2.3 Transport Infrastructure Needs Assessment (TINA). 47 2.2.4 Transport Corridor Europe-Caucasus-Asia (TRACECA). 50 2.2.5 Euro-Asian rail transport corridors of the Organization for Cooperation of Railways (OSJD) . 53 PART III - CONSOLIDATED EURO-ASIAN TRANSPORT LINKAGES (EATL) 55 3.1 Description of Euro-Asian Transport Linkages . 55 3.2 EATL rail routes . 56 3.3 EATL road routes . 58 3.4 EATL inland water routes and inland ports . 59 3.5 Selected Euro-Asian rail, road and inland water transport routes and inland river ports for further development and cooperation . 59 3.6 Presentation of the Euro-Asian transport links maps. 68 3 ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC CONTENTS (continued) Page 3.7 Conclusions on the status and problems of international transport in the region in the context of Euro-Asian Transport Linkages . 114 3.7.1 Introduction . 114 3.7.2 Making adequate infrastructure available . 116 3.7.3 Reforming the railways . 118 3.7.4 Facilitating border crossings . 119 3.7.5 Addressing safety and security risks. 119 PART IV - FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF THE EURO-ASIAN TRANSPORT LINKAGES : MAJOR ISSUES 121 4.1 Euro-Asian traffic flows . 121 4.1.2 Current traffic moving between Europe and Asia . 121 4.1.3 Status of sea transport between Asia and Europe and viability of inland routes as a supplement or a complement to maritime transport . 124 4.1.4 Perspectives of landlocked developing countries along the Euro-Asia transport linkages . 125 4.2 Technical and operational aspects of future EATL development. 128 4.2.1 Technical and operational standards . 128 4.2.2 Rail transport. 128 4.2.3 Road transport . 130 4.2.4 Intermodal aspects. 133 4.2.5 Environmental, safety and security issues, especially with regard to international freight movements . 136 4.3 Border crossing and transport facilitation issues . 138 4.3.1 Introduction . 138 4.3.2 National facilitation coordination mechanisms for international transport . 140 4.3.3 Coordinating mechanisms. 141 4.3.4 Recommendations by UNECE and UNESCAP on national coordination mechanisms . 141 4.3.5 Improving legal frameworks for international transport and international facilitation conventions . 147 4.3.5.1 International legal instruments . 148 4.3.5.2 Sub-regional agreements . 150 4.3.5.3 Bilateral agreements . 151 4.3.6 Border crossing procedures and identification of non-physical bottlenecks . 151 PART V - EURO-ASIAN TRANSPORT PRIORITY INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS OF INTERNATIONAL IMPORTANCE 153 5.1 Methodology and assumptions. 153 5.1.1 Prioritization results, including simple cost analysis . 158 5.1.2 Prioritization results and cost analysis – for all countries (in statistics) . 164 Appendix 5.1 Project templates . 166 Appendix 5.2 The pair comparison weighting technique . 170 4 JOINT STUDY ON DEVELOPING EURO-ASIA TRANSPORT LINKAGES PART VI - CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS . 171 6.1 Conclusions. 171 6.2 Recommendations. 172 Annexes Annex I - COUNTRY REPORTS . .176 Afghanistan. 176 Armenia . 178 Azerbaijan. ..