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Antioxidants in Fruits: Properties and Health Benefits Gulzar Ahmad Nayik • Amir Gull Editors

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Antioxidants in Fruits: Properties and Health Benefits Gulzar Ahmad Nayik • Amir Gull Editors Antioxidants in Fruits: Properties and Health Benefits Gulzar Ahmad Nayik • Amir Gull Editors Antioxidants in Fruits: Properties and Health Benefits Editors Gulzar Ahmad Nayik Amir Gull Department of Food Science and Department of Food Science & Technology Technology University of Kashmir Government Degree College Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India Shopian, Jammu and Kashmir, India ISBN 978-981-15-7284-5 ISBN 978-981-15-7285-2 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7285-2 # Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore This book is dedicated to my beloved daughter Eidain Hoor Binti Gulzar Preface Fruits are one of the most important indicators of diet quality and have protective effects against many of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and various types of cancer. To improve fruit consumption, it is necessary to know and understand the constituents of fruits. Considering the importance of knowledge and awareness as one of the determinants of fruit consumption, this book provides comprehensive knowledge on botanical description and nutritional and nutraceutical properties of a wide range of commonly consumed fruits in many parts of world. This book will also cover the characterization of the chemical compounds which are responsible for antioxidant proprieties of various fruits. This book has been designed especially for college/university students, research scholars, academicians, pomologists, as well to agricultural scientists. Researchers, scientists, and others working in various fruit processing industries and other horticultural departments will also find the comprehensive information relevant to their work. Shopian, India Gulzar Ahmad Nayik Srinagar, India Amir Gull vii Contents 1 Natural Antioxidants: Assays and Extraction Methods/Solvents Used for Their Isolation ................................. 1 Ajay Sharma, Garima Bhardwaj, Jyoti Gaba, and Damanjit Singh Cannoo 2 Cherry .............................................. 35 Nusrat Jan, Gousia Gani, Omar Bashir, Syed Zameer Hussain, H. R. Naik, Sajad Mohd Wani, Shakeel Ahmad Bhat, Mohammad Amaan Seh, and Tawheed Amin 3 Phalsa (Grewia asiatica L.) ............................... 55 Bababode Adesegun Kehinde, Shafiya Rafiq, Gulzar Ahmad Nayik, and Shauket Ahmed Pala 4 Yellow Himalayan Berry ................................ 67 Deep Shikha and Piyush Kashyap 5 Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) ...................... 83 Gurkirat Kaur, Arashdeep Singh, and B. N. Dar 6 Avocado ............................................. 103 Darakshan Majid, B. N. Dar, Shahnaz Parveen, Abida Jabeen, Farhana Mehraj Allai, Sajad Ahmad Sofi, and Tariq Ahmad Ganaie 7 Mosambi (Sweet Lime) .................................. 125 Zanoor ul Ashraf, Asima Shah, F. A. Masoodi, Adil Gani, and Nairah Noor 8 Indian Bael ........................................... 135 Hanuman Bobade, Savita Sharma, and Arashdeep Singh 9 Durian .............................................. 163 Arshied Manzoor, Bisma Jan, Shumyla Mehraj, Qurat Ul Eain Hyder Rizvi, Mehnaza Manzoor, and Saghir Ahmad 10 Sapota .............................................. 181 Jashandeep Kaur, Arashdeep Singh, Baljit Singh, and Savita Sharma ix x Contents 11 Sea Buckthorn ........................................ 201 Piyush Kashyap, Deepshikha, Charanjit Singh Riar, and Navdeep Jindal 12 Guava (Psidium guajava) ................................ 227 Swati Kapoor, Neeraj Gandhi, and Aakriti Kapoor 13 Muntingia calabura ..................................... 251 Bababode Adesegun Kehinde, Gulzar Ahmad Nayik, and Shafiya Rafiq 14 Black Currant ........................................ 271 Farhana Mehraj Allai, Z. R. Azad, Khalid Gul, B. N. Dar, Abida Jabeen, and Darakshan Majid 15 Pomegranate .......................................... 295 Satish Chandra Kushwaha, M. B. Bera, and Pradyuman Kumar 16 Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) ............................ 317 Barsha Devi and Tridip Boruah 17 Watermelon .......................................... 333 Sangeeta, Gulzar Ahmad Nayik, and Khalid Muzaffar 18 Kachnar (Bauhinia variegata) ............................. 365 Shiv Kumar, Poonam Baniwal, Jaspreet Kaur, and Harish Kumar 19 Pineapple ............................................ 379 A. Mohsin, Abida Jabeen, Darakshan Majid, Farhana Mehraj Allai, A. H. Dar, B. Gulzar, and H. A. Makroo 20 Quince .............................................. 397 Gulzar Ahmed Rather, Mohd Yasin Bhat, Siva Sankar Sana, Aarif Ali, Mir Zahoor Gul, Anima Nanda, and Musheerul Hassan 21 Kinnow .............................................. 417 Mudasir Yaqoob, Manpreet Kaur, Poonam Aggarwal, and Preeti Ahluwalia 22 Pear ................................................ 435 Nowsheen Nazir, Shemoo Nisar, Shazia Mubarak, Aroosa Khalil, Kounser Javeed, Swapan Banerjee, Jasmeet Kour, and Gulzar Ahmad Nayik 23 Peach ............................................... 449 Monika Hans, Manzoor Ahmad Shah, and Rosy Bansal 24 Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) ........................ 461 Noorul Anisha Anvar Hussain, Monjurul Hoque, Saumya Agarwal, Irshaan Syed, and Md Raihan Contents xi 25 Cranberry ........................................... 479 Otilia Bobis, Gulzar Ahmad Nayik, Javed Ahmad Wagay, Umar Farooq, Aiman Zehra, and Vikas Nanda 26 Apple ............................................... 507 Rafiya Mushtaq, Ab Waheed Wani, and Gulzar Ahmad Nayik 27 Apricot .............................................. 523 Aadil Khursheed, Ajaz Rasool, Rukhsana Nazir, Manzoor Ahmad Rather, and Aabid Hussain Shalla 28 Kiwi ................................................ 547 Aiman Zehra, H. R. Naik, Gulzar Ahmad Nayik, Jasmeet Kour, Sangeeta, Otilia Bobis, Sajad Ahmad Wani, Amir Gull, Deepu Pandita, Tariq Ahmad Ganaie, and Vikas Nanda 29 Litchi ............................................... 563 Maeena Naman Shafiee, Tehmeena Ahad, Amir Gull, Rubiya Rashid, Sajad Ahmad Mir, Tariq Ahmad Ganaie, Sajad Mohd Wani, and F. A. Masoodi 30 Loquat .............................................. 577 Prerna Gupta, Kundu Priyanka, and Chikkala Sivanand 31 Blueberries ........................................... 593 Swapan Banerjee, Gulzar Ahmad Nayik, Jasmeet Kour, and Nowsheen Nazir 32 Jamun .............................................. 615 Fozia Hameed, Neeraj Gupta, Rukhsana Rahman, Nadira Anjum, and Gulzar Ahmad Nayik Editors and Contributors About the Editors Gulzar Ahmad Nayik is currently working as Assistant Professor in the Depart- ment of Food Science & Technology, Govt. Degree College, Shopian, J&K, India. He completed his Master’s Degree in Food Technology from IUST, Awantipora, J&K, India, and Ph.D. from SLIET, Punjab, India. He has published 44+ peer- reviewed research/review papers, many book chapters, 1 textbook, and delivered a number of presentations in various national and international conferences, seminars, workshops, and webinars. Dr. Nayik was shortlisted twice for the prestigious INSPIRE-Faculty Award in 2017 and in 2018 by the Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi. Dr. Nayik was nominated for India’s prestigious National Award (INSA Medal for Young Scientists-2019–20). Dr. Nayik was also selected as Young Professional in Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Govt. of India. Dr. Nayik’s research activities have been focused on characterizing different high- altitude Indian honeys by analyzing their nutraceutical potential and antiproliferative properties, marker identification for the discrimination of honey, and determining their volatile components and phenolic, flavonoid, mineral, enzymatic, and sugar profile. Dr. Nayik is also serving as Editor, Associate Editor, and Assistant Editor in many journals related to Food Science & Technology. Dr. Nayik is a frequent reviewer of several reputed journals in the area of Food Science and Technology. He is also working as member of various associations like WASET, AFSTI, IFST, IAAS, IAENG, IAJC, ASR, IFERP, and Asian Council of Science Editors. Dr. Nayik is recipient of Top Peer Reviewer Award 2019 from Web of Sciences Group powered by Publons for placing in the top 1% of reviewers in Agricultural Sciences. He is also recipient
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