The Temple of Jerusalem a Bible Study Resource for the Tabernacle and Temple

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Temple of Jerusalem a Bible Study Resource for the Tabernacle and Temple The Temple of Jerusalem A Bible Study Resource for the Tabernacle and Temple 1 Section I: Relationship to Christian Science Citations on the Temple Mary Baker Eddy’s references on the Temple Christian Science articles relating to the Temple Section II: The Significance of the Tabernacle Why study the Tabernacle Biblical references to building the Tabernacle (Story of Moses in Exodus) Diagram of the Tabernacle Synonyms of the Tabernacle Selected citations on “the Tabernacle” “The Veil of Materiality,” by Willis F. Gross The( Christian Science Journal, Oct. 1894) Section III: Introduction to the Temple The Timeline of the Temple Mount The Three Jewish Temples Diagram (“Church in the Wilderness”) Introduction to the Temple & Why Study the Temple Introduction to the Temple Mount Area Jesus Cleansing the Temple Temple and Synagogue Jewish Religious Sects Temple Mount Rendering Map of Ancient Jerusalem Map of the Temple Mount Map of Herod’s Temple Paul in the Temple Section IV: The Inner Courts of the Temple The Gates into the Temple Antonia Fortress Trumpeting Place Court of the Gentiles Mikveh Court of Women Court of Priests Holy of Holies Events Concerning the Ark Holy of Holies Furnishings Section V: The Temple Mount Today Map of Dome of the Rock (Today) 2 Biblical Citations Relationship of Christian Science to the Temple Selected Citations on the Temple Luke 2:22-24 Heb. 9:25 Lev. 12:3-8 Mark 13:1, 2 Luke 2:25-33 Matt. 27:51 Luke 2:36-38 Mark 15:38 Luke 2:41-50 Luke 23:45 Matt. 4:5-7 Acts 3:1-4 Luke 4:9 Eph. 2:19-22 Matt. 26:55 Rev. 11:19 Luke 22:53 Matt. 12:5-8 John 18:20 Matt. 21:15 Matt. 21:12, 13 Matt. 27:5 Mark 11:15-17 Acts 21:26-30 Luke 19:45, 46 Heb. 5:1-6 John 2:14,15 Heb. 8:3-5 Matt. 21:14 Rev. 7:14, 15 Matt. 21:23 Matt. 23:16-24 Mark 12:41 Matt. 27:40 Luke 21:1, 2 Acts 24:12 Matt. 12:6 Heb. 7:23-28 John 2:19-22 Heb. 9:6-25 John 10:22, 23 Heb. 13:10, 11 Acts 21:26-30 Rev. 14:15 Eph. 2:14 Rev. 15:8 Lev. 16:2, 3 Rev. 16:1 Heb. 10:10, 11 Rev. 21:3-5 Section 1: Relationship of Christian Science to the Temple 3 Mary Baker Eddy Relationship of Christian Science to the Temple Partial list of “Temple” references in Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures and Prose Works, by Mary Baker Eddy: Pul 2:27-2 27 How can we do this Christianly scientific work? By intrenching ourselves in the knowledge that our true temple is no human fabrication, but the superstructure 30 of Truth, reared on the foundation of Love, and pinnacled 1 in Life. Such being its nature, how can our godly temple possibly be demolished, or even disturbed? 595:7 TEMPLE. Body; the idea of Life, substance, and in- telligence; the superstructure of Truth; the shrine of 9 Love; a material superstructure, where mortals congre- gate for worship. My 194:5-10 The letter of your work dies, as do all things material, 6 but the spirit of it is immortal. Remember that a temple but foreshadows the idea of God, the “house not made with hands, eternal in the heavens,” while a silent, grand 9 man or woman, healing sickness and destroying sin, builds that which reaches heaven. Section 1: Relationship of Christian Science to the Temple 4 From Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures, by Mary Baker Eddy: 596:28-15 (to .) VEIL. A cover; concealment; hiding; hypocrisy. The Jewish women wore veils over their faces in token 1 of reverence and submission and in accordance with Pharisaical notions. 3 The Judaic religion consisted mostly of rites and cere- monies. The motives and affections of a man were of little value, if only he appeared unto men to fast. The 6 great Nazarene, as meek as he was mighty, rebuked the hypocrisy, which offered long petitions for blessings upon material methods, but cloaked the crime, latent in thought, 9 which was ready to spring into action and crucify God’s anointed. The martyrdom of Jesus was the culminating sin of Pharisaism. It rent the veil of the temple. It re- 12 vealed the false foundations and superstructures of super- ficial religion, tore from bigotry and superstition their coverings, and opened the sepulchre with divine Science, 15 — immortality and Love. 142:18 18 As in Jesus’ time, so to-day, tyranny and pride need to be whipped out of the temple, and humility and divine Sci- ence to be welcomed in. The strong cords of Temple 21 scientific demonstration, as twisted and wielded cleansed by Jesus, are still needed to purge the temples of their vain traffic in worldly worship and to make them meet 24 dwelling-places for the Most High. Section 1: Relationship of Christian Science to the Temple 5 From Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures, by Mary Baker Eddy: 288:20 The chief stones in the temple of Christian Science are 21 to be found in the following postulates: that Life is God, good, and not evil; that Soul is sinless, not The chief to be found in the body; that Spirit is not, and stones in 24 cannot be, materialized; that Life is not subject the temple to death; that the spiritual real man has no birth, no ma- terial life, and no death. 365:25-30 If hypocrisy, stolidity, inhumanity, or vice finds its way into the chambers of disease through the would-be 27 healer, it would, if it were possible, convert Truth into a den of thieves the temple of the Holy desecrated Ghost, — the patient’s spiritual power to resuscitate him- 30 self. 428:12 12 Thus we may establish in truth the temple, or body, “whose builder and maker is God.” Section 1: Relationship of Christian Science to the Temple 6 From Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures, by Mary Baker Eddy: 576:8-25 In Revelation xxi. 22, further describing this holy city, 9 the beloved Disciple writes: — And I saw no temple therein: for the Lord God Almighty and the Lamb are the temple of it. 12 There was no temple, — that is, no material structure in which to worship God, for He must be worshipped in spirit and in love. The word temple also The shrine 15 means body. The Revelator was familiar celestial with Jesus’ use of this word, as when Jesus spoke of his material body as the temple to be temporarily rebuilt 18 (John ii. 21). What further indication need we of the real man’s incorporeality than this, that John saw heaven and earth with “no temple [body] therein”? 21 This kingdom of God “is within you,” — is within reach of man’s consciousness here, and the spiritual idea reveals it. In divine Science, man possesses this 24 recognition of harmony consciously in proportion to his understanding of God. Section 1: Relationship of Christian Science to the Temple 7 Christian Science Christian Science articles relating to the Temple The following articles are made available by The Ark: www.arkpublications.com, and in Christian Science Reading Rooms. • Russell D. Robinson. “Our Inspiring Lesson - Sermons.” The Christian Science Journal, August, 1964. • Maude E. Roberts. “Oil and Wine.” Christian Science Sentinel, Vol. 31, No. 52, August 24, 1929, p. 1024-5. • Richard P. Verrall. “Building the Temple.” Christian Science Sentinel, Vol. 12, No. 16, December 18, 1909, p. 304-5. • Eila Foster. “Purging the Temple.” Christian Science Sentinel, Vol. 25, No. 12, November 18, 1922, p. 227. • Richard P. Verrall. “Ark of the Convenant.” Christian Science Sentinel, Vol. 17, No. 25, February 20, 1915, p. 485. Section 1: Relationship of Christian Science to the Temple 8 Section 1: Relationship of Christian Science to the Temple 9 Section 1: Relationship of Christian Science to the Temple 10 Section 1: Relationship of Christian Science to the Temple 11 304 CHRISTIAN SCIENCE SENTINEL [Vol. XII., No. 16. because the triumph over error comes slowly, nothing will force you to accept what best promotes your growth;" will help us more than to stop and consider what we have and "Divine Love always has met and always will meet accomplished, what God has already done for us. It is every human need" (pp. 20, 266, 494). Throughout all not the thought of what God has not done for us that of Mrs. Eddy's writings it is taught that the kingdom of helps us, but the recognition of what He has done God is within reach of the purified consciousness. The Mortal, material sense would limit God in all His ways process of purification, in which God "worketh in you," and works, but Christian Science teaches that God is in- includes for each one conscientious study and application finite and there is no good thing which He has not freely of the rules laid down in Science and Health, and a con- bestowed upon His children. Jesus said, "What things stant effort to divest himself day by day of erroneous soever ye desire, when ye pray, believe [understand] that material thinking and to exercise the sense of gratitude ye receive them, and ye shall have them." It is evident and praise to God. The kingdom of God appears in fairer that one could not understand that he receives a thing proportions with every forsaking of error.
Recommended publications
  • The Hebrew Roots Movement: an Awakening! History, Beliefs, Apologetics, Criticisms, Issues Fourth Edition 4.04 6/20/20
    Preface 1 Preface The Hebrew Roots Movement: An Awakening! History, Beliefs, Apologetics, Criticisms, Issues Fourth Edition 4.04 6/20/20 by Michael G. Bacon Copyright © 2011-2020 All Rights Reserved Pursuant to 17 U.S. Code § 107, certain uses of copyrighted material "for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use), scholarship, or research, is not an infringement of copyright." Under the 'fair use' rule of copyright law, an author may make limited use of another author's work without asking permission. Fair use is based on the belief that the public is entitled to freely use portions of copyrighted materials for purposes of commentary and criticism. The fair use privilege is perhaps the most significant limitation on a copyright owner's exclusive rights. The public domain version of the King James Version, published in 1769 and available for free on the E-Sword® Bible Computer Program, is primarily utilized with some contemporary word updates of my own: e.g. thou=you, saith=say, LORD=YHVH. This is a FREE Book It is NOT to be Sold And as ye go, preach, saying, The kingdom of heaven is at hand. Heal the sick, cleanse the lepers, raise the dead, cast out devils: freely ye have received, freely give. —Jesus the Christ / Yeshua haMashiach (Matthew 10:7-8) Important Note: Please refer to http://www.ourfathersfestival.net/hebrew_roots_movement for the latest edition. There are old editions of this book still circulating on the internet. 2 Preface 4.04 June 10, 2020 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia: (Added Anglo-Israelism article quote).
    [Show full text]
  • On Loving God Bernard of Clairvaux BE UNITED in CHRIST BOOK SUMMARY
    On Loving God Bernard of Clairvaux BE UNITED IN CHRIST BOOK SUMMARY Book Summary: On Loving God Copyright © 2016 by Be United in Christ Outreach Ministry This material is summarized from the public domain version of Bernard of Clairvaux’s On the Love of God. Translated by Marianne Caroline and Coventry Patmore. Second edition. London: Burns and Oates, 1884. This public domain version is hosted by the HathiTrust Digital Library (hathitrust.org). This translation has been altered in places to make it more understandable for modern readers. Unless otherwise noted, Scripture quotations are taken from the New King James Version®. Copyright © 1982 by Thomas Nelson. Used by permission. All rights reserved. Scripture quotations marked ESV are taken from the ESV ® Bible (The Holy Bible, English Standard Version®). Copyright © 2001 by Crossway, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers. Used by permission. All rights reserved. ESV Text Edition: 2011. This book summary was developed and distributed by the Be United in Christ Outreach Ministry for use in your personal life and ministry. It is our desire for you to use, reproduce, and distribute this material free of charge. Our only restrictions are that you do not alter the book summary content in any way, that you do not sell the book summary content for profit, and that you attribute the work to the Be United in Christ Outreach Ministry. Please visit BeUnitedinChrist.com for other Bible-based resources. Be United in Christ Book Summary On Loving God Bernard of Clairvaux beunitedinchrist.com On Loving God – Bernard of Clairvaux Author Bernard of Clairvaux (1090–1153) is respected by Protestants and Roman Catholics alike.
    [Show full text]
  • Reading the Old Testament History Again... and Again
    Reading the Old Testament History Again... and Again 2011 Ryan Center Conference Taylor Worley, PhD Assistant Professor of Christian Thought & Tradition 1 Why re-read OT history? 2 Why re-read OT history? There’s so much more to discover there. It’s the key to reading the New Testament better. There’s transformation to pursue. 3 In both the domains of nature and faith, you will find the most excellent things are the deepest hidden. Erasmus, The Sages, 1515 4 “Then he said to them, “These are my words that I spoke to you while I was still with you, that everything written about me in the Law of Moses and the Prophets and the Psalms must be fulfilled.’” Luke 24:44 5 God wishes to move the will rather than the mind. Perfect clarity would help the mind and harm the will. Humble their pride. Blaise Pascal, Pensées, 1669 6 Familiar Approaches: Humanize the story to moralize the characters. Analyze the story to principalize the result. Allegorize the story to abstract its meaning. 7 Genesis 22: A Case Study 8 After these things God tested Abraham and said to him, “Abraham!” And he said, “Here am I.” 2 He said, “Take your son, your only son Isaac, whom you love, and go to the land of Moriah, and offer him there as a burnt offering on one of the mountains of which I shall tell you.” “By myself I have sworn, declares the Lord, because you have done this and have not withheld your son, your only son, 17 I will surely bless you, and I will surely multiply your offspring as the stars of heaven and as the sand that is on the seashore.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliotheca Sacra and Theological Review
    1868.] THE LAND OF MORIAH. 760 ARTICLE V. THE LAND OF MORIAH. BY DV. SAlIUEL WOLCOTT, D.D., CLEVELAND, OHIO. A QUESTION has been raised witbin a. few years respecting tbe locality designated in the divine direction to Abraham to offer his son Isaac in sacrifice. The command was: "Take now tby son, thine only son Isaac, whom thou lovest, and get thee iuto the land of,Moriah, and offer bim there for a burnt­ offering upon one of the mountains which I will tell thee of" (Gen. xxii. 2). The name Moriah QCcurs but in one more passage in the sacred scriptures, and in this it is given as the site of the temple which Solomon built: "Then Solomon began to build tbe bouse of the Lord at Jerusalem, in mount :Moriab, where the Lord appeared unto David his father, in the place that David bad prepared in the threshiug-Hoor of Orna.n the Jcbusite" (2 ebron. iii. 1). Is the Mount Moriah in Jerusalem on which the temple stood identical with one of the mountains in the land of lIeriuh on which Abraham was directed to offer Isaac? Such has boon tbo accepted tradition and current belief. The identity, naturally suggested by the name, does not appear to bave been seriously questioned, except by the Sa.ma.ritaus in behalf of Mount Gerizim, which has been rejected by others as the unfounded cla.im of an interested party. This discredited claim found, at length, a champion in Professor Stanley, who in his " Sinai and Palestino" gav!! his reasons for adopting it, and in his later" Lectures on Jewish History," ventured to assume it as an ascertained and estab­ lisI1ed site.
    [Show full text]
  • The Background and Meaning of the Image of the Beast in Rev. 13:14, 15
    Andrews University Digital Commons @ Andrews University Dissertations Graduate Research 2016 The Background and Meaning of the Image of the Beast in Rev. 13:14, 15 Rebekah Yi Liu [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dissertations Part of the Biblical Studies Commons Recommended Citation Liu, Rebekah Yi, "The Background and Meaning of the Image of the Beast in Rev. 13:14, 15" (2016). Dissertations. 1602. https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dissertations/1602 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Research at Digital Commons @ Andrews University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Andrews University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT THE BACKGROUNDS AND MEANING OF THE IMAGE OF THE BEAST IN REV 13:14, 15 by Rebekah Yi Liu Adviser: Dr. Jon Paulien ABSTRACT OF GRADUATE STDUENT RESEARCH Dissertation Andrews University Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary Title: THE BACKGROUNDS AND MEANING OF THE IMAGE OF THE BEAST IN REV 13:14, 15 Name of researcher: Rebekah Yi Liu Name and degree of faculty adviser: Jon Paulien, Ph.D. Date Completed: May 2016 Problem This dissertation investigates the first century Greco-Roman cultural backgrounds and the literary context of the motif of the image of the beast in Rev 13:14, 15, in order to answer the problem of the author’s intended meaning of the image of the beast to his first century Greco-Roman readers. Method There are six steps necessary to accomplish the task of this dissertation.
    [Show full text]
  • Herod's Temple Depositories Were Located Near the Temple Treasury; the Contents of Door, They Should Throw Him out As Well
    33 32 15 34 35 31 30 29 16 53 58 17 3 1 37 21 36 5 50 48 22 56 55 28 10 51 46 45 43 42 23 14 8 9 6 7 12 47 44 52 11 55 41 40 27 36 49 57 57 2 37 26 24 20 19 18 58 4 39 38 25 54 13 © 1. The Chamber or Court of Wood -According to the Mishnah, 7. The Beautiful Gate - This Gate led into the Court of Women, where by 2001, there were four unroofed chambers in the four corners of the Court all Jews could enter, except the ritually impure, and ironically of Women. The North-East corner was the place where unclean ‘women’. It was the principal entrance to the Temple. Unlike the priests inspected the firewood to be used in the Temple. They other gates, overlaid with silver and gold, the doors of this Gate were Martin Allen Hansen Allen Martin served by removing wood that was worm-eaten or rotten. made of Corinthian brass, so heavy it took 20 men to open them. 2. The Chamber or Court of the Nazarene – In the South-East 8. Nicanor’s Gate - The Court of Women led into the main court of the corner of the Court of Women was a room where those taking the Temple, known as ‘Azarah’, via a semicirclular stairway of 15 steps, Nazarite vow would cut their hair and cook their peace-offerings. which led up to the Nicanor or Upper gate. According to Josephus, 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Exclusion from the Sanctuary and the City of the Sanctuary in the Temple Scroll
    EXCLUSION FROM THE SANCTUARY AND THE CITY OF THE SANCTUARY IN THE TEMPLE SCROLL by LA WREN CE H. SCHIFFMAN New York University, New York, N. Y. 10012 Introduction The discovery and publication of the Temple Scroll (Yadin, 1977, 1983; abbreviated below as 11 QT) opened new vistas for the study of the history of Jewish law in the Second Commonwealth period. Immedi­ ately after the Hebrew edition of the scroll appeared, debate ensued about whether this scroll was to be seen as an integral part of the corpus authored by the Qumran sect, or simply as a part of its library (cf. Schiffman, 1983a, 1985c). This question was, in turn, related to the problem of whether this text reflects generally held beliefs of most Second Temple Jews, or whether its laws and sacrificial procedures represented only the views of its author(s), who were demanding a thor­ oughgoing revision of the sacrificial worship of the Jerusalem Temple, or, finally, whether it reflected the author's eschatological hopes. This question is crucial in regard to the laws pertaining to various classes of individuals who were to be excluded from the Temple, its city (known in the Temple Scroll as cir hammiqdiis, "the city of the sanc­ tuary" or "Temple city") and the other cities of Israel because of various forms of ritual impurity or other disqualifications. The editor of the scroll, Yigael Yadin, maintained that it represented a point of view substantially stricter than that of the somewhat later tannaitic sources, and that the scroll extended all prohibitions of such impurity to the entire city of Jerusalem at least.
    [Show full text]
  • THRESHING FLOORS AS SACRED SPACES in the HEBREW BIBLE by Jaime L. Waters a Dissertation Submitted to the Johns Hopkins Universit
    THRESHING FLOORS AS SACRED SPACES IN THE HEBREW BIBLE by Jaime L. Waters A dissertation submitted to The Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Baltimore, Maryland August 2013 © 2013 Jaime L. Waters All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT Vital to an agrarian community’s survival, threshing floors are agricultural spaces where crops are threshed and winnowed. As an agrarian society, ancient Israel used threshing floors to perform these necessary activities of food processing, but the Hebrew Bible includes very few references to these actions happening on threshing floors. Instead, several cultic activities including mourning rites, divination rituals, cultic processions, and sacrifices occur on these agricultural spaces. Moreover, the Solomonic temple was built on a threshing floor. Though seemingly ordinary agricultural spaces, the Hebrew Bible situates a variety of extraordinary cultic activities on these locations. In examining references to threshing floors in the Hebrew Bible, this dissertation will show that these agricultural spaces are also sacred spaces connected to Yahweh. Three chapters will explore different aspects of this connection. Divine control of threshing floors will be demonstrated as Yahweh exhibits power to curse, bless, and save threshing floors from foreign attacks. Accessibility and divine manifestation of Yahweh will be demonstrated in passages that narrate cultic activities on threshing floors. Cultic laws will reveal the links between threshing floors, divine offerings and blessings. One chapter will also address the sociological features of threshing floors with particular attention given to the social actors involved in cultic activities and temple construction. By studying references to threshing floors as a collection, a research project that has not been done previously, the close relationship between threshing floors and the divine will be visible, and a more nuanced understanding of these spaces will be achieved.
    [Show full text]
  • Dvar Torah - Lech Lecha
    Dvar Torah - Lech Lecha Did you know that Sheva Brachot are in the Paraha of Lech Lecha? Immediately after Hashem commands Avram and Sarai to uproot them- selves from the land of Mesopotamia in order to make Aliyah ‘el ha’aretz asher areka’ – to the land which Hashem will show them. Hashem follows up by giving seven blessings to Avram; ‘Ve’escha L’goi gadol’ - and I will make you into a great nation, ‘v’avarechecha’ - and I will bless you, ‘Veagadla Shemecha’ - and I will make your name great, ‘v’heye bracha’ - and you will be a blessing, ‘V’avarcha mevarachecha’ - I will bless those who bless you, ‘umcallecha a’or’ - and I will curse those who curse you. And the seventh blessing is ‘v’nivrechu vecha kol mishpachot ha’adama’ - and may every family on earth be blessed thanks to the impact you will have on them. Such wonderful blessings! And actually these seven blessings match the sentiments that accompany our good wishes to every bride and groom for whom we recite ‘sheva brachot’ under the ‘chupa’ and during the first seven days of their marriage. We want them to be blessed by Hashem, we want them to have a positive impact on their surroundings. We want Hashem to be with them always and to prevent others from standing in the way of their success. There is a further strong comparison. You see the term ‘lech lecha’ appears twice in the bible, once in our parsha of Lech Lecha and the second, fascinat- ingly, in a weeks’ time, when we will read in Parashat Va’eira, ‘v’lech lecha el eretz hamoria’ - uproot yourself, make an Aliyah, to the land of Moriah and that’s where the akeida (the binding of Isaac) took place.
    [Show full text]
  • Crystallization-Study of Genesis
    GENESIS (2) Message Eleven The Offering of Isaac and Experiencing God as the One Who Gives Life to the Dead Scripture Reading: Gen. 22:1-18; Heb. 11:17-19; Rom. 4:17 I. God tested Abraham by instructing him to take his only son, Isaac, and offer him as a burnt offering—Gen. 22:1-2: A. The life at Beer-sheba produces a burnt offering (Isaac) that is offered to God: 1. Isaac’s source of living made him a burnt offering, one who was offered to God for His satisfaction—vv. 2, 7-9: a. The Hebrew word for burnt offering literally means “that which goes up” and denotes something that ascends to God—Lev. 1:3, footnote 1. b. The burnt offering typifies Christ not mainly in His redeeming man from sin but in His living a life that is perfect and absolutely for God and for God’s satisfac- tion and in His being the life that enables God’s people to have such a living—v. 9; John 5:19, 30; 6:38; 7:18; 8:29; 14:24; 2 Cor. 5:15; Gal. 2:19-20. c. The burnt offering is God’s food that God may enjoy it and be satisfied—Num. 28:2. 2. The proper church life produces burnt offerings—Lev. 1:1-2; Rom. 12:1-2: a. The living, growing, and calling on the name of Jehovah, El Olam, at Beer-sheba are all for the producing of a burnt offering—Gen. 21:33; 22:1-2. b.Themorewestayinthechurchlife,themoreitwill bring us from Beer-sheba to Moriah.
    [Show full text]
  • The History of Jerusalem
    THE HISTORY OF JERUSALEM 1 Prepared by Ilana Epstein and Simon Goulden, US Living & Learning, May 2015/אייר תשע"ה Biblical quotations are from www.mechon-mamre.org 2 In its long history Jerusalem has been: . Destroyed at least twice . Besieged 23 times . Attacked 52 times . Captured and recaptured 44 times 3 Chalcolithic Period • The first settlement was established near the Gichon Spring 4 Middle Bronze Age The Book of Bereshit 14:18, mentions a city called Salem, which mefarashim (commentators) such as the Ramban (d. 1270) identifies as Jerusalem, ruled by King Melchizedek, probably a title, which means "my king is zedek", where Zedek is believed to refer to the word righteous, or perhaps “The Righteous King”. According to one Midrash, Jerusalem was founded by Abraham's forefathers Shem and Eber. And Melchizedek king of Salem brought forth bread 18 יח ּומַ לְכִּ י- קצֶדֶ מֶ לְֶך שָׁ לֵם, הוֹצִּ יא םלֶחֶ וָׁיָׁיִּן; וְ הּוא כֹהֵ ן, לְאֵ ל עֶלְיוֹן. and wine; and he was priest of God the Most High. 5 Middle Bronze Age 2220 -1550 BCE • c.1700 BCE - the Binding of Isaac takes place on Mount Moriah. Mefarashim have often interpreted the location of the mountain to be Jerusalem And they came to the place which God had told him 9 ט וַיָׁבֹאּו, אֶ ל- ַהָׁמֹקוםֲ אֶשרַ ָאמר-לוֹ ָׁהֱאִֹּלהים, וַיִּבֶ ן ָׁשם ַאְבָׁרָׁהם of; and Abraham built the altar there, and laid the אֶ ת- ַהִּמְזֵבַח , וַיַעֲרְֹך אֶ ת- ָׁהֵעִּצים; וַיַעֲקֹד, אֶ ת- ִּיְצָׁחק ְבֹנו , ַוָׁיֶשםֹאֹתו wood in order, and bound Isaac his son, and laid him on עַל- ַהִּמְזֵבַח , ִּמַמַעל ָׁלֵעִּצים.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxation in the Bible During the Period of the First and Second Temples, 7 J
    UIC School of Law UIC Law Open Access Repository UIC Law Open Access Faculty Scholarship 1-1-1998 Taxation in the Bible during the Period of the First and Second Temples, 7 J. Int'l L. & Prac. 225 (1998) Ronald Z. Domsky John Marshall Law School Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.law.uic.edu/facpubs Part of the Law and Society Commons, Legal History Commons, and the Tax Law Commons Recommended Citation Ronald Z. Domsky, Taxation in the Bible during the Period of the First and Second Temples, 7 J. Int'l L. & Prac. 225 (1998). https://repository.law.uic.edu/facpubs/180 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by UIC Law Open Access Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in UIC Law Open Access Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of UIC Law Open Access Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TAXATION IN THE BIBLE DURING THE PERIOD OF THE FIRST AND SECOND TEMPLES Ronald Z. Domsky* Part I: Period of the First Temple ....................... 228 A. Fiscal Policies of the Kingdom ............... 228 B. Revenue Sources of the Priesthood ............ 236 1. Tax Laws ............................. 236 Part II: Period of the Second Temple .................... 240 A. Governmental Validity/Force for Tax Laws During the Days of Ezra and Nehemia ......... 240 B. Explanation of Tax Laws .................... 244 1. First Fruits ............................ 246 2. Contribution/Offering ................... 247 3. Challa ............................... 247 4. Tenth ................................ 248 5. Support for Those in Need ............... 250 6. Sum mary ............................. 250 C. Smuggling of Taxes and its Prevention ......... 251 D. The Shekel and the Vows ..................
    [Show full text]