SAMPLE OF ORGANIZATIONS PARTICIPATING IN CONSOLIDATED APPEALS

ACF GTZ MEDAIR Terre des Hommes ACTED Handicap International Mercy Corps UNAIDS ADRA HELP MERLIN UNDP AVSI HelpAge International MSF UNDSS CARE Humedica NPA UNESCO CARITAS IMC NRC UNFPA CONCERN INTERSOS OCHA UN-HABITAT COOPI IOM OHCHR UNHCR CRS IRC OXFAM UNICEF CWS IRIN Première Urgence UNMAS DRC Islamic Relief Worldwide Save the Children UNRWA FAO LWF Solidarités WFP GOAL Malteser TEARFUND WHO World Vision International

ii TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 1 Table I. Summary of Requirements (grouped by cluster) ...... 3 Table II. Summary of Requirements (grouped by priority) ...... 3 Table III. Summary of Requirements (grouped by appealing organization)...... 4

2. 2009 IN REVIEW ...... 6

2.1 OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT IN 2009: ACCESS AND SECURITY ...... 6 2.2 PROGRESS REPORT ON 2009 ...... 8 2.3 FUNDING ANALYSIS ...... 15 2.4 HUMANITARIAN ACTION 2009: BEST PRACTICES AND LESSONS LEARNED...... 18

3. THE CONTEXT AND HUMANITARIAN NEEDS ANALYSIS ...... 21

3.1 THE CONTEXT ...... 21 3.2 HUMANITARIAN NEEDS ANALYSIS ...... 21

4. THE 2010 COMMON HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN...... 26

4.1 PLANNING SCENARIOS ...... 26 4.2 STRATEGIC PRIORITIES FOR HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE IN 2010...... 27 4.3 STRATEGIES FOR RESPONSE ...... 28 4.4 CLUSTER RESPONSE PLANS ...... 32 Agriculture and Livelihoods ...... 32 Education ...... 34 Enabling Programming...... 36 Food Aid...... 38 Health...... 40 Logistics ...... 42 NFI and Shelter ...... 44 Nutrition...... 46 Protection ...... 49 WASH ...... 51 4.5 COORDINATION STRUCTURES...... 53 4.6 STRATEGIC MONITORING PLAN ...... 54 4.6.1 Strategic indicators and data collection system...... 54 4.6.2 Logical Framework for the Humanitarian Response and Monitoring...... 55 4.7 CRITERIA FOR SELECTION AND PRIORITIZATION OF PROJECTS ...... 57 4.8 METHODS...... 57

5. CONCLUSION...... 58

ANNEX I. CLUSTER RESPONSE PLANS IN LOGFRAME FORMAT ...... 59 ANNEX II. LIST OF PROJECTS (WITH HYPERLINKS TO OPEN FULL PROJECT DETAILS) ...... 68 ANNEX III. INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF RED CROSS AND RED CRESCENT SOCIETIES EMERGENCY APPEAL ...... 77 ANNEX IV. DONOR RESPONSE TO 2009 APPEAL...... 84 ANNEX V. ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ...... 93

Please note that appeals are revised regularly. The latest version of this document is available on http://www.humanitarianappeal.net.

Full project details can be viewed, downloaded and printed from www.reliefweb.int/fts.

iii

SOMALIA - Reference Map

0 150 300 Caluula DJIBOUTI km DJIBOUTI Qandala Asayita Gulf of Aden Saylac Boosaaso Laasqoray Jac lil ee Si Lughaye AWDAL Ceerigaabo Dahot Berbera Baki E E D Iskushuban A L B SANAAG Y I G Q O O BARI Shinile Boorama W O Sheik Ceel Afweyn Gebiley Dire Dawa Burco Qardho Jijiga Hargeysa Bandarbeyla Harar er Owdweyne D Taleex Xudun Caynabo TOGDHEER SOOL Laas Canood Eyl Buuhoodle Degeh Bur Garoowe Fik NUGAAL Eyl

Burtinle

Jariiban ETHIOPIA Goldogob Werder Gaalkacyo Korahe Cabudwaaq MUDUG G e st Cadaado Elevation (meters) ro Gode Dhuusa 5,000 and above G Mareeb e 4,000 - 5,000 n a Hargele le GALGADUUD Hobyo 3,000 - 4,000 SOMALIA 2,500 - 3,000

S Belet h Xarardheere 2,000 - 2,500 Ceel Barde a b Weyne e Ceel Buur l 1,500 - 2,000 Rab Dhuure l e BAKOOL 1,000 - 1,500 Dolow HIRAAN Xuddur 800 - 1,000 Belet Xaawo Waajid Buulo Ceel Dheer Burto 600 - 800 NORTH Adan 400 - 600 EASTERN Jalalaqsi Yabaal Baydhaba 200 - 400 Garbahaarrey SHABELLE 0-200 Wanle DHEXE Ceel Waq BAY We yne Below sea level Buurhakaba Jawhar Cadale GEDO Diinsor Baardheere Balcad J u Afgooye b a Qoryooley MOGADISHU Marca JUBA DHEXE Kurtunwaarey SHABELLE HOOSE Bu’aale Xagar Baraawe Indian Ocean Afmadow Jilib

Jamaame JUBAHOOSE Legend National capital Badhaadhe Kismayu First administrative level capital Populated place International boundary Indetermined boundary KENYA First administrative level boundary

Disclaimers: The designations employed and the presentation of material on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Map data sources: CGIAR, United Nations Cartographic Section, ESRI, Europa Technologies, UN OCHA.

iv SOMALIA

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The year 2010 will not only mark 18 years of conflict for Somalia, but will also herald the first generation of Somali children who come of age without ever having lived through a single year of peace. Protracted conflict, economic collapse, and drought conditions continued to drive the humanitarian crisis in Somalia in 2009, resulting in increased population displacement, greater urban vulnerability and widespread acute malnutrition. This was set against a backdrop of irregular and shrinking humanitarian access that resulted from continuing violence in the areas of Somalia with the most pressing humanitarian needs. According to the latest seasonal assessment, the number of people in need of emergency humanitarian and livelihood support increased by 13% from January to September 2009. During the same period, internal displacement also increased by 16%. Remittances from the diaspora, normally over $1 billion per year, are down by 25% due to the global recession. Drought conditions have continued to deepen in many parts of South and Central Somalia and have expanded to areas in Puntland and Somaliland.

Lessons learned in 2009 have already been 2010 Consolidated Appeal for Somalia: incorporated into an evolving and flexible response Key Parameters strategy for the coming year. While emergency Key Deyr (Oct-Dec) and Gu programmes will continue to be the centre of milestones in (April-June) rains; political response activities, strategies to support Somalis’ 2010: developments; the security situation, especially in coping mechanisms and to prevent them from Mogadishu; elections in further depleting their assets will have greater Somaliland prominence. Priorities for 2010 will therefore include Target 3,640,000 total (urban/rural), increased capacity-building for Somali partners and, beneficiaries: including 910,000 in Humanitarian Emergency, where possible, a livelihoods approach to 1,180,000 in Acute Food and emergency programming. Livelihood Crisis and 1,550,000 internally Operational realities, such as insecurity, irregular displaced access to populations in need, implementation of Total funding Funding request request: per beneficiary: projects through local partners, high operating costs $689,008,615 $189 and frequent changes in leadership at the local level, particularly in South Central areas, will require constant analysis and adjustment to strategies. In 2010, the humanitarian community will need to improve risk analysis and carefully weigh risks against the imperative of responding to acute needs. Coordination and leadership through the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC1) and clusters will continue to be essential to ensure the delivery of emergency assistance and basic services. Building on the successes of the last year, monitoring and evaluation will continue to be strengthened at all levels through a three-tiered approach designed to improve the accountability and transparency of humanitarian operations.

The IASC endorsed four strategic priorities to guide humanitarian action in 2010, a refinement of those agreed in 2009. They reinforce the importance of incorporating a strengthened livelihood approach to aid delivery in Somalia using the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit’s (FAO/FSNAU) needs analysis to identify and target populations in need. The Somalia strategic priorities for 2010:

1. Provide life-saving humanitarian services to 910,000 people living in Humanitarian Emergency2 (HE) and the most vulnerable of the 1.55 million internally displaced people (IDPs).

1 Used in Somalia to signify the humanitarian country team, an approximate parallel to the headquarters-level IASC from which it takes its name. 2 HE is defined in Somalia as: severe lack of access to food with excess mortality, very high and increasing malnutrition and irreversible livelihood asset-stripping. AFLC is defined as: highly stressed and critical lack of food access with high and above-usual malnutrition and accelerated depletion of livelihood assets that, if continued, will slide the population into Phase 4 or 5 of the IPC (essentially HE) and/or likely result in chronic poverty. (FAO/FSNAU–Somalia)

1 SOMALIA

2. Protect and increase the social, economic, and environmental assets of 3.64 million people in crisis by means of livelihood-based humanitarian programming, with a focus on women, youth and those in Acute Food and Livelihood Crisis (AFLC3), to prevent further deterioration into HE. 3. Provide vulnerable populations with a minimum package of basic services, with specific sensitivity to women’s needs, through engagement of communities and, where possible, building of local capacities. 4. Strengthen the protective environment for vulnerable populations, with a particular focus on women and youth, through advocacy, community mobilization, and access to services.

The 2010 Consolidated Appeal for Somalia seeks US$ 4 689,008,615 to address the most urgent humanitarian needs in Somalia. The appeal comprises 174 projects coordinated by the nine clusters5 and Enabling Programmes6, representing a reduction in the number of projects and a 19% reduction in requirements compared to 2009. A significant element of this reduction comes from a reassessment of the Food Aid Cluster requirements, with a revised estimate of target populations and the scale of rations required. This reduction is also the result of improved cluster coordination structures and processes, and rigorous project vetting. The projects in the 2010 CAP reflect the most urgent needs in Somalia and consider the feasibility of implementation.

Some basic humanitarian and development facts about Somalia 7,502,6547 Population (UNDP 2005) Gross domestic product per capita $291.1 (United Nations Statistics Division) Economic status Percentage of population living on less 43.2% than $1 per day (Somalia MDG Report 2007) 381/1,000 (male 447/1,000, female 312/1,000) Adult mortality (WHO World Health Statistics 2009) 1,400 /100,000 Maternal mortality (WHO World Health Statistics 2009) 142/1,000 (male 140/1,000; female 144/1,000) Under-five mortality (WHO World Health Statistics 2009) 45 (male 44, female 46) Health Life expectancy (WHO World Health Statistics 2009) Number of health workforce 2/10,000 (nurse+midwife) per 10,000 population (WHO World Health Statistics 2009) Number of health workforce (MD) per >1/10,000 10,000 population (WHO World Health Statistics 2009) Measles vaccination rate 19% (UNICEF 2006) Prevalence of under-nourishment in total 71% population (WHO World Health Statistics 2009) Under-five global acute malnutrition 19% Food & Nutrition (GAM) rate (FAO/FSNAU Post-Gu 2009) 2,085,000 million people in AFLC and HE; Food security indicator 1.55 million new IDPs; 3.6 million people in need. (FAO/FSNAU Post-Gu 2009) Proportion of population without WASH sustainable access to an improved 71% (UNDP HDR 2009) drinking water source 1.55 million Internally displaced people (UNHCR, October 2009) Population 1,746 (UNHCR October 2009); 18,600 registered In-country movement asylum seekers (UNHCR, October 2009) Refugees 529,700 (Yemen, Kenya, Eritrea, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Abroad Uganda, Tanzania only) (UNHCR, October 2009) 3/3 (Most severe rank) ECHO Vulnerability and Crisis Index score (ECHO GNA 2008-2009) Other vulnerability UNDP Human Development Index (HDI) indices (not measured) score IASC Early Warning - Early Action rating Red alert

3 See footnote 1 on previous page for definition. 4 All dollar signs in this document denote United States dollars. Funding for this appeal should be reported to the Financial Tracking Service (FTS, [email protected]), which will display its requirements and funding on the CAP 2010 page. 5 The nine IASC-endorsed Somalia clusters are: Agriculture and Livelihoods, Education, Food Aid, Health, Logistics, Nutrition, Protection, Shelter and NFIs, and Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH). 6 Enabling Programming consists of service-based organizations activities that support field operations and it is not an official cluster. 7 New population data will be made available in 2010 following a population estimate exercise.

2 SOMALIA

TABLE I. SUMMARY OF REQUIREMENTS (GROUPED BY CLUSTER)

TABLE II. SUMMARY OF REQUIREMENTS (GROUPED BY PRIORITY)

Table I: Summary of requirements (grouped by cluster) Consolidated Appeal for Somalia 2010 as of 12 November 2009 http://www.reliefweb.int/fts

Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by the respective appealing organization.

Cluster Original Requirements (US$)

AGRICULTURE AND LIVELIHOODS 42,688,583

EDUCATION 23,440,282

ENABLING PROGRAMMES 11,113,722

FOOD AID 332,703,314

HEALTH 46,444,869

LOGISTICS 33,042,357

NUTRITION 41,977,303

PROTECTION 51,530,233

SHELTER AND NFIs 58,087,544

WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE 47,980,408

Grand Total 689,008,615

Table II: Summary of requirements (grouped by priority) Consolidated Appeal for Somalia 2010 as of 12 November 2009 http://www.reliefweb.int/fts

Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by the respective appealing organization.

Priority Original Requirements (US$)

A. HIGH 617,520,487

B. MEDIUM 55,486,317

C. LOW 16,001,811

Grand Total 689,008,615

The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 12 November 2009. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts).

3 SOMALIA

TABLE III. SUMMARY OF REQUIREMENTS (GROUPED BY APPEALING ORGANIZATION)

Table III: Summary of requirements (grouped by appealing organization) Consolidated Appeal for Somalia 2010 as of 12 November 2009 http://www.reliefweb.int/fts

Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by the respective appealing organization. Page 1 of 2 Appealing Organization Original Requirements (US$)

ADO 123,756

ADRA 264,400

ADRO 132,850

AET 1,031,915

AFREC 491,321

APD 192,150

ARDO 227,879

ASEP 800,000

CED 436,310

CEFA 250,000

CESVI 2,543,600

CISP 2,300,755

COOPI 2,519,508

COSV 1,363,126

CPD 1,590,600

DIAL 159,700

DRC 14,205,599

ERF (OCHA) -

FAO 21,244,500

GECPD 230,000

GEELO 350,790

GREDO 379,099

GRT 484,420

HI 182,000

HIDO 103,500

Hijra 1,710,000

Horn Relief 570,000

IAS 2,112,600

IIDA 251,800

ILO 2,250,676

INTERSOS 4,082,805

IOM 3,975,000

IRIN 481,315

IRW 6,330,676

KAALO Aid 499,550

KAALO Relief 407,825

4 SOMALIA

Table III: Summary of requirements (grouped by appealing organization) Consolidated Appeal for Somalia 2010 as of 12 November 2009 http://www.reliefweb.int/fts

Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by the respective appealing organization. Page 2 of 2 Appealing Organization Original Requirements (US$)

MDM France 1,492,000

MEDAIR 3,002,654

MERLIN 3,561,578

Muslim Aid 562,500

NCA 5,554,000

NRC 12,845,000

OCHA 6,728,561

OXFAM GB 5,748,485

OXFAM Netherlands (NOVIB) 3,011,445

PENHA 757,378

RI 1,933,196

SADO 704,960

SAHED 200,000

SC 6,731,407

SCDF 160,000

SVO 549,000

TARDO 385,000

Trocaire 535,957

UNDP 6,741,000

UNDSS 4,385,161

UNESCO 394,050

UNFPA 1,678,400

UN-HABITAT 10,630,000

UNHCR 65,466,490

UNICEF 64,149,062

UNIFEM 545,700

UNMAS 3,307,914

UNOPS 7,050,000

VETAID 1,242,400

VSF (Germany) 300,000

VSF (Switzerland) 496,000

WFP 364,669,268

WHO 16,588,313

WOCCA 615,000

WVI 10,476,711

YME 1,530,000

Grand Total 689,008,615

5 SOMALIA

2. 2009 IN REVIEW

2.1 Operational environment in 2009: access and security In 2009, the humanitarian situation in Somalia steadily deteriorated due to continued conflict and related insecurity, triggering new waves of displacement (particularly from Mogadishu). At the same time, prevailing drought conditions expanded from parts of south and central areas into Puntland and Somaliland. As a result, food security declined throughout Somalia, despite a near normal harvest in portions of the South. In addition, remittances from the diaspora also declined due to the global economic downturn. The total number of people in HE and AFLC increased in 2009, according to the Food Security Analysis Unit (FAO/FSNAU) 2009 Post-Gu Assessment.

AFLC (urban/rural) HE (urban/rural) IDPs Total Post Gu 2009 (8 September) 1,180,000 910,000 1,550,000 3,640,000 Post-Deyr 2009 (5 February) 1,085,000 790,000 1,300,0008 3,175,000

Throughout 2009, humanitarian access in the North and North-East of Somalia was better than in South and Central areas. An important factor contributing to this difference included stronger governance structures. However, significant power struggles persist in Southern and Central Somalia and the related insecurity severely limited humanitarian access and directly affected humanitarian organizations’ ability to undertake their planned activities. A review of access indicators demonstrates consistent humanitarian access in 2009 where there was already access in late 2008, primarily in the North and North-East. In areas where access was very limited last year, such as in Mogadishu, improvements were either negligible or non-existent. This was mainly due to general insecurity and direct targeting of humanitarian organizations. In the Central regions, access improved slightly at the beginning of 2009.

Somalia: Access Coefficient by Area

80 74 North 67 60 North-East 58 59

40 Central 37 32 South 25 20 16 Access Coefficient (1-100) 8 Mogadishu 2 0

9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...... l. . . n b r r n g t p y u a e a a u u p J e J F M A J A M S UN OCHA Humanitarian Access Update | 30 September 2009

The access co-efficient is based on eight indicators: international staff presence (United Nations [UN] and international non-governmental organizations [INGOs]), UN staff movements, security assessments, humanitarian flights, check-points and administrative impediments, security incidents, and stability of the area. In each district, all indicators are evaluated based on standardized assessments.

8 UNHCR, January 2009.

6 SOMALIA

Humanitarian aid workers continued to suffer from both targeted and indirect violence during 2009, albeit at a reduced rate compared to 2008 when 26 humanitarian workers were killed and 17 abducted. As of November, eight aid workers had been killed, seven abducted, and ten were still in captivity. Of those detained, most had been held since 2008. 9 There were also approximately 70 security incidents, primarily in South and Central Somalia, directed at humanitarian personnel or assets from January to October 2009, compared to 119 during the same period in 2008. This reduction in incidents is related to the decreased UN and INGO presence, particularly in South Somalia, and operational changes that limited staff exposure to risk. While international staff presence increased since January in the North and North East, as of November, UN and NGO international staff presence in South Somalia was severely limited. There was also a significant shift from incidents involving humanitarian personnel to the targeting of humanitarian offices and warehouses, causing a significant loss of humanitarian supplies and assets.

Bureaucratic impediments and restrictions on operational agencies changed frequently, particularly in South and Central Somalia. In many cases, within a short time of establishing themselves, local administrations appointed humanitarian affairs focal points responsible for liaising with and monitoring humanitarian actors. These focal points often sought to enforce new regulatory procedures that were inevitably complex and time-consuming and delayed delivery of assistance. Check-points and roadblocks only occasionally obstructed the movement of humanitarian personnel and goods. The positive trend was most notable in South and Central Somalia, previously identified as the most problematic areas. As of the end of October, check-points in most regions were limited to administrative control points at the entrances and exits of the main towns, with the exception of Mogadishu where there were check-points within the city.10 Piracy off the Somali coast continued throughout 2009, with 29 ships hijacked, compared to 32 during the same period in 2008. However, few acts of piracy directly affected the delivery of humanitarian assistance. The provision of naval escorts played an important role in facilitating safe passage for humanitarian supplies in the face of continuing piracy. Fighting for control of territory and the targeting of humanitarian assets frequently prevented access to affected populations and prevented or interrupted on-going assistance activities in different locations, particularly in Mogadishu and Belet Weyne (South Somalia). Despite significant efforts made by humanitarian actors to negotiate access, violence towards humanitarian personnel and assets often forced organizations to withdraw or temporarily suspend activities in certain areas. Bureaucratic impediments and restrictions or delays in the movement of personnel and goods resulted in sporadic delays in humanitarian delivery and short-term localized suspensions. Ongoing hostilities and military operations, generally prevented longer-term programming, and in some areas led some major organizations to suspend assistance and service delivery. While the humanitarian community was still able to maintain programmes through national staff and Somali NGO partners, it increasingly found itself having to provide assistance on a more sporadic basis, where conditions permitted. Despite the slight overall increase of humanitarian international staff in Somalia in 2009 (most of which are in the north), the ability to move in an unrestricted manner outside established compounds remains a challenge. As a result, there is a limited capacity for

9 These figures do not include aid worker abductions from neighbouring countries that were held in Somalia and subsequently released. 10 OCHA Humanitarian Access Update | 30 September 2009.

7 SOMALIA humanitarian agencies to directly manage and monitor service delivery and the impact of assistance on beneficiaries. Perceptions towards the humanitarian community varied and were highly nuanced and dependent on the region the UN and NGOs worked in. The perception of the Somaliland and Puntland authorities and the general public was that the humanitarian community, particularly the UN, should do more to assist people in need. This perception was not shared by non-government authorities in South and Central Somalia where there have been a number of hostile public statements directed at specific aid agencies.

2.2 Progress report on 2009 During the 2009 Mid-Year Review (MYR) process, the IASC members and nine clusters revised and refocused the strategic priorities originally agreed in late 2008. The revised priorities reflected changes in the operational environment, a refinement in strategy and the results of the 2009 Revised Strategic Priorities post-Deyr FAO/FSNAU analysis. 1. Provide humanitarian assistance to 3.6 million people in crisis (HE, AFLC, new and protracted IDPs) through The strategic priorities formed the base of programmes for vulnerable populations with special focus on drought-affected rural areas, urban poor, and IDPs. Of the new Somalia strategic monitoring this total, 910,000 people in HE will be targeted for life- strategy. This strategy assesses saving assistance. performance against pre-agreed cluster- 11 2. Increase community and local capacity to protect social specific indicators and activities. This and economic assets in emergencies, through livelihood strategy was piloted for the 2009 MYR and protection and asset transfer activities, across all the monitoring matrix and details can be programme sectors. found in the MYR document (see 3. Develop and deliver an integrated minimum package of http://ochaonline.un.org/HUMANITARIANA basic social services based on geographic specific PPEAL/webpage.asp?Page=1766). priorities and target groups engaging communities and authorities where possible.

The MYR found that the most progress was 4. Strengthen the protective environment of civilians, with special focus on vulnerable populations, through advocacy, made on strategic priority number 1. The programming, and, where possible, community key indicator for this priority was to mobilization, and access to services. maintain GAM rates at 2008 levels, and there was little change between 2008 and 2009 levels at mid-year. This demonstrated the efficacy of food and nutrition programmes. However, continuing drought conditions led to deterioration in GAM rates in the second part of the year as documented in the FAO/FSNAU post-Gu analysis in September.

There was less satisfactory performance on strategic priorities 2, 3 and 4. Levels of HE and AFLC increased over 2009, resulting in more people in need of humanitarian aid and livelihoods support. Despite challenges, it became clear that a livelihoods approach was needed if there was to be any significant change in the scale of the current crisis. Delivery of basic services, the third priority, was hindered by operational realities such as intermittent access, capacity constraints and scarce funding. Data collection efforts provided valuable information on the protection environment for civilians for programming and advocacy efforts. However, the protection monitoring network was unable to measure the number of people who have experienced fundamental human rights violations accessing services.

The following sections highlight progress and challenges to date in each cluster. An End-of-Year Review will be conducted at the end of the 2009 monitoring cycle to document achievements against the 2009 strategic priorities, and it will be shared with partners.

11 Collected from 2010 cluster response plans.

8 SOMALIA

Agriculture and Livelihoods Cluster Original requirements Revised requirements Funding received % funded Unmet requirements $65,137,607 $58,148,600 $19,498,210 33% $39,650,390 Source: donors and recipient agencies as reported to FTS as of 12 November 2009

The Agriculture and Livelihoods Cluster objectives in 2009 included strengthening and diversifying sustainable livelihoods to prevent households from slipping into HE; strengthening asset provision and protection to improve livestock, fisheries, and crop production, and strengthening community capacity to mitigate the impact of soaring food and basic commodity prices. Approximately three-quarters of funding received were allocated to South and Central Somalia and one quarter to drought-affected pastoralist areas of northern Somalia.

The cluster supported a total of 66,800 households in HE with income-generating activities and CFW programmes; 30,500 of these were women-headed households; 600 were youth and approximately 13,300 were destitute pastoralists. Around 12% of the target beneficiaries in Humanitarian Emergency were reached. In addition, the cluster supported 14,000 households with emergency agricultural inputs and 7,800 pastoralist households with livestock assets (shoats and camels), to ensure that populations in AFLC did not slip into HE.

In an effort to strengthen community capacity to mitigate the impact of soaring food and basic commodity prices and to cope with current and future shocks, the cluster trained at least 100 people, including community representatives, implementing partners, and members of farmer associations.

The cluster faced two significant constraints in 2009. Limited funding and difficult access in South and Central Somalia meant that only 8.1% of total target beneficiaries were reached as of September. Cluster achievements were largely due to the increased involvement of national NGOs as implementing partners.

Education Cluster Original requirements Revised requirements Funding received % funded Unmet requirements $29,062,338 $29,443,836 $4,210,433 14% $25,233,403 Source: donors and recipient agencies as reported to FTS as of 12 November 2009.

The Education Cluster objectives in 2009 included increasing access to formal and non-formal education, and building the capacity of education providers and authorities. Despite a lack of funding, the cluster noted positive achievements in 2009. Under Objective 1 more than 104,000 people (49.2% female) were provided with formal and non-formal schooling. By August 2009, 400 “school-in-a-box” kits were distributed and 1,750 teachers trained under Objective 2. The cluster began working towards capacity-building objectives in the second half of 2009, and conducted three field visits to meet field clusters in Hargeysa, Mogadishu, Belet Weyne, Garbahaarey and Jowhar. There are plans to meet with field-clusters in Gaalkacyo and Marka before the end of the year. Capacity- building was provided to four Regional Education Umbrellas 12 in South and Central Somalia and regional-level contingency plans have been developed for ten regions in South and Central Somalia.

However, gaps remain. The Education Cluster was only able to reach one in five children in the Afgooye Corridor with education programming. Although school feeding has been shown to be extremely effective in increasing school enrolment and retention (particularly for girls), Food Aid partners changed priorities in 2009 and this programme was largely discontinued.

The lack of funds was a significant constraint. Only a small number of new projects were launched in 2009 and no funds were allocated for contingency planning measures, such as the stockpiling of textbooks and school supplies in regions prone to emergencies.

12 Regional Education Umbrellas are education coordination bodies in South and Central Somalia.

9 SOMALIA

Enabling Programming Original requirements Revised requirements Funding received % funded Unmet requirements $30,452,841 $29,897,743 $13,592,866 45% $16,304,877 Source: donors and recipient agencies as reported to FTS as of 12 November 2009.

The objectives of the enabling programmes in the 2009 CAP included the coordination of humanitarian assistance in Somalia and ensuring the security of humanitarian personnel. Coordination, staff security and risk mitigation have been critical for the changing operational environment in 2009. Coordination projects received 71% of the $5.5 million requested in 2009. Security projects received only 27% of the $4.4 million requested.

In the north of the country, relative stability allowed for increased coordination activity in Somaliland and Puntland. In the Central Region, Gaalkacyo was developed as a hub for humanitarian agencies to access the central regions of south Mudug and Galgaduud. Despite challenges, the Somalia IASC continued to analyse the situation in Somalia and function as the advocacy and decision-making body on humanitarian issues. The cluster system too developed and strengthened throughout 2009 with the deployment of CSOs and the establishment of field level cluster focal points, facilitating enhanced information flow between the field and Nairobi. Six clusters updated contingency plans for El Niño- related flooding in late 2009. Reporting continues to be timely in support of advocacy, decision making and urgent information and messaging needs. The Humanitarian Response Fund (HRF) was used strategically to fill funding gaps in priority locations and clusters (see section 2.3 Funding Analysis).

However, field-level coordination in many areas of South and Central Somalia was constrained by the ongoing conflict. The temporary relocation of staff at times due to increased threat disrupted continuity and demanded a flexible approach to presence. The security environment required qualified security staff on the ground to process and analyse security-related information to ensure timely decision-making to support staff deployed to Somalia. At various times, UN local and international staff working in the areas of Garbahaarey, Belet Weyne, K50/Afgooye, Baidoa, Waajid and Jowhar were relocated due to security concerns.

A Security Risk Assessment (SRA) was presented and endorsed by the UN Security Management Team in March. This SRA included programme, potential threat, vulnerability assessments, and recommendations for security risk mitigation. The SRA is currently being reviewed for the entire country on a region-by-region basis. The lack of funding limited security support establishment and improvement, mainly in the south and central regions. However, certain activities were able to continue through cost-sharing agreements: The Safer and Secure Access to Field Environment in Somalia (SSAFE) Programme, for example, trained more than 900 individuals in 2009. The operation of security aircraft, which is critical to facilitate assessments and carry out medical and security evacuations, was financed entirely through a Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) grant, which however is an unsustainable means of funding this essential service.

10 SOMALIA

Food Aid Cluster Original requirements Revised requirements Funding received % funded Unmet requirements $544,263,112 $475,376,040 $356,359,150 75% $119,016,890 Source: donors and recipient agencies as reported to FTS as of 12 November 2009.

The Food Aid Cluster objectives included the stabilization of GAM rates among children under five, provision of a life-saving ration to those in HE and AFLC, and increased efficacy and value of food aid through coordination with other clusters.

In the first half of the year, cluster partners achieved the beneficiary and tonnage mid-year targets, largely due to carry-over funds from 2008. However, in the second half of the year, distribution targets were reduced due to pressure from local authorities to reduce general food distributions (GFDs) during harvests, incomplete access to all districts, and a weak food pipeline. This reduction was made despite rising number of people in HE and AFLC and declining nutrition indicators. The reduction strategy downsized the allocation plan from the calculated needs of 3.26 million beneficiaries and 42,000 MTs per month to 2.83 million beneficiaries and 28,000 MTs per month. The new strategy focused on life-saving operations, including targeted supplementary feeding programmes (SFPs) and GFD to IDPs. Final distribution points were monitored by agency field monitors, where possible.

An average of 2.2 million beneficiaries received food aid per month. Beneficiaries included: 421,000 moderately malnourished children, pregnant and nursing mothers, and their families received GFD as nutritional support; 74,085 children received emergency school feeding (the programme was discontinued in the second half of the year); 71,436 people received food-for-training (FFT) and food- for-assets (FFA); and 80,000 people were reached through the daily wet-feeding programme in Mogadishu. Closer cooperation with the Nutrition Cluster resulted in a wider array of services for vulnerable children.

Targeted attacks and insecurity resulted in changes in operations, including a reduced staff presence and, in some cases, temporary suspension of activities and relocation of staff out of South and Central Somalia. Local authorities also hampered humanitarian access by interfering with cooperating partner selection and beneficiary caseload identification or through a lack of commitment for staff security. Food shipments to the ports of Mogadishu, Bossaso, Berbera, and Marka required naval escorts due to the continued threat of piracy.

Health Cluster Original requirements Revised requirements Funding received % funded Unmet requirements $43,830,888 $40,855,407 $15,055,607 37% $25,799,800 Source: donors and recipient agencies as reported to FTS as of 12 November 2009.

Health objectives in 2009 included improving access to health services; controlling communicable diseases, and strengthening coordination and emergency preparedness. Overall, implementation was limited during the first half of the year due to limited funding and humanitarian access constraints. In line with the limited timeframe for implementation, the cluster financial requirements were revised downward during the CAP MYR. The HRF and CERF provided approximately 20% of funds for the provision of emergency life-saving health care.

Despite challenges, the cluster noted some positive achievement against objective 1 by providing and maintaining primary health care (PHC) services within 1.5 km from IDP settlements along the Afgooye Corridor. Functional emergency obstetric care facilities were maintained in seven of the nine targeted regions and training was provided to more than 350 of the 1,500 targeted health workers. Regarding Objective 2, over 45 rumour verification and/or outbreak investigations were conducted across the country within 96 hours. Investigators responded to acute watery diarrhoea (AWD), measles and bloody diarrhoea, pertussis, and tetanus outbreak rumours. Despite access and security constraints, the rapid outbreak investigation and response was possible due to an efficient network comprised of

11 SOMALIA the Health Cluster and Somali partners. As part of objective 3, three out of six regional and two zonal contingency plans were planned. However, contingency plans were only developed for Lower and Middle Shebelle and South and Central Somalia. Early warning and surveillance of infectious and communicable diseases continues through the collection of epidemiological information from 80 reporting sites in Lower Shebelle and Puntland. Child Health Days (CHD) reached nearly one million children and some 700,000 mothers. The campaign provided a comprehensive package of child survival support, such as vaccines, vitamin A supplements, and hygiene promotion materials to women and children across the country.

Constraints for the cluster included inadequate trauma management (particularly in the south), limited reproductive health care centres, and inadequate quality control and monitoring. Limited funding and access continued to compound these challenges. As of end October, the second round of CHD was under threat due to a lack of funds.

In response to lessons learned, the cluster adjusted its 2009 strategy to include: a reduced and more focused budget; strengthened quality control and monitoring activities; and strengthened health facilities better able to manage trauma and ensure blood safety. A greater emphasis on capacity- building will form a key pillar of a revised strategy that includes better partnerships between national and international agencies and the recruitment of Somalia staff from the diaspora (see 2010 Health Cluster plan and strategy).

Logistics Cluster Original requirements Revised requirements Funding received % funded Unmet requirements $25,565,236 $31,047,833 $19,892,349 64% $11,155,484 Source: donors and recipient agencies as reported to FTS as of 12 November 2009

The Logistics Cluster’s overall objective was to facilitate access into Somalia. Sufficient funds and security have permitted rehabilitation and completion of several road and ports including 36 km of emergency road rehabilitation from Waajid to Baidoa and 15 km on the El-Man Ballad road. Some 1,400 staff and 1.2 MTs of cargo are transported monthly to 27 locations on common air services. The Mogadishu port was improved with a channel dredging project, port warehouse raising, supply rehabilitation and the installation of an elevated fresh water tank.

In late 2009, cluster members supported the development of floods preparedness plans for South Somalia and other contingency and risk management plans for common delivery of goods by air, land, and sea. Information flow to and from humanitarian agencies and actors on the ground continued to challenge operational coordination, despite ongoing advocacy through the cluster.

Nutrition Cluster Original requirements Revised requirements Funding received % funded Unmet requirements $67,557,955 $63,504,794 $36,083,945 57% $27,420,849 Source: donors and recipient agencies as reported to FTS as of 12 November 2009

The Nutrition Cluster objectives included the provision of nutrition response to the vulnerable population, integrating emergency selective feeding programmes with programmes to address the underlying causes of malnutrition, and capacity-building of Somali partners. Carry-over funds from 2008 played and important role in maintaining life-saving emergency nutrition programmes, including 280 selective feeding programmes with an attendance of 25,000 acutely malnourished children monthly. A total of 130 new sites were established in 2009, which greatly increased coverage and access to specialist care for acutely malnourished children. An average of 80,000 acutely malnourished children were treated per month (65,000 moderate and 15,000 severe), which is on track for the end-of-year target. An additional 60 outpatient therapeutic sites are planned to be established by the end of the year, depending on access and funding.

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The highly nutritious, lipid-based nutrient supplement ’Plumpydoz’ was provided to over 125,000 young children (6-36 months) in high-risk areas for four to eight months to prevent acute malnutrition. Partners developed and piloted guidelines for the treatment of moderate and acute malnutrition and they began the development of an integrated package for the treatment of acute malnutrition. These programmes technically strengthened implementing agencies (Objective 3).

Underlying causes of malnutrition were addressed through integrated programmes with the Health, WASH, and Food Aid Clusters (Objective 2). The Child Health Days (CHDs) delivered an integrated package of nutrition, health and WASH support. During the first round of CHDs, 937,184 children received vitamin A supplements and 839,512 children were reached by the de-worming campaign. Working collaboratively with partners supported the International Breastfeeding Month activities in August. Nutrition surveillance was also successful in providing timely situation analysis to inform emergency response, and three zonal micronutrient surveys were completed.

The caseload of people in need of nutrition rehabilitation was revised upward from 180,000 people in August 2008 to 285,000 in August 2009. This included an increase from 26,000 severely malnourished people to 70,000 in 2009. The cluster engaged and supported Somali NGO activities with capacity-building and proposal development in order to reach the most vulnerable people in highly insecure areas (Objective 3).

Protection Cluster Original requirements Revised requirements Funding received % funded Unmet requirements $32,105,551 $41,698,979 $15,579,042 37% $26,119,937 Source: donors and recipient agencies as reported to FTS as of 12 November 2009.

The objectives of the Protection Cluster included an improved understanding of the protection environment for civilians and strengthened capacity of communities to reduce vulnerabilities. The number of IDPs in Somalia, one of the main beneficiary groups for the cluster, was revised upwards in the second half of 2009 to 1.55 million; these IDPs are among the most vulnerable populations in Somalia.

Protection Cluster achievements include a range of information collection, reporting, advocacy and capacity-building activities. The cluster generated and disseminated monthly Protection Monitoring Network (PMN) reports analysing systematic patterns of protection concerns, and informing advocacy and response processes. It also produced and circulated weekly and monthly Population Movement Tracking (PMT) reports tracking the constant movement of people. Both systems function to alert concerned agencies on both emerging protection issues and long-standing problems, and to call attention to new areas of vulnerability (Objective 1).

Several capacity-building initiatives were undertaken with wide participation from UN, NGO and government partners on various themes, including on the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, mixed migration, prevention from sexual exploitation and abuse (PSEA), the legal status of IDPs and refugees, legal aid and access to justice. Several community mobilization and advocacy initiatives were conducted on child protection with an emphasis on child separation, violence against children and mine risk education. Three PSEA field-based networks were established in Bossaso, Hargeysa, and Gaalkacyo (Objective 2).

A Migration Response Centre was established and handed over to the Bossaso authorities. The centre serves all agencies working on mixed migration and provides migrants with information, advocacy, and referral services. More than 300 survivors of gender-based violence (GBV) were referred to support services and 60% of the identified cases of child rights violations were referred to at least one service in the three zones (Objective 3).

Despite these efforts, limited funding and access challenges meant that cluster objectives were only partially achieved.

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NFIs and Emergency Shelter Cluster Original requirements Revised requirements Funding received % funded Unmet requirements $45,070,082 $45,070,082 $8,328,536 18% $36,741,546 Source: donors and recipient agencies as reported to FTS as of 12 November 2009.

The NFI and Emergency Shelter Cluster’s objectives included emergency shelter assistance to the newly displaced and the improvement of living conditions for the protracted displaced. The cluster plans were revised during the MYR to focus on emergency shelter in response to massive displacement from Mogadishu. Planned activities in Puntland and Somaliland were cut by half.

As of end October, 97,836 families received NFI kits, benefiting approximately 587,000 displaced people. This was approximately 40% of the end-of-year target using the figure of 1.55 million IDPs country-wide. More than 21,000 of the aforementioned kits were distributed to the displaced in the Afgooye Corridor. Awareness-raising and training efforts to prevent fire outbreaks in IDP camps were conducted for 1,100 families in Bossaso. In August 2009, a $1.25 million CERF rapid response grant was given for to procure 20,000 NFI kits for distribution to 120,000 people along the Afgooye Corridor. Improved tenure rights were gained through land negotiations with landlords for 311 families in temporary shelter settlements. Permanent shelter and access to basic services and security was provided to 694 IDP households. Settlement planning has been provided to more than 1,000 families.

Low funding and insecurity made the adequate delivery of an Emergency Shelter response difficult. In South and Central Somalia, ad hoc taxation on NFIs complicated distributions.

Water and Sanitation Cluster Original requirements Revised requirements Funding received % funded Unmet requirements $35,789,939 $35,798,939 $17,824,607 50% $17,974,332 Source: donors and recipient agencies as reported to FTS as of 12 November 2009.

The WASH Cluster objectives included the provision of safe water and sanitation facilities, the promotion of good hygiene practices, and the building of capacities of Somali communities to maintain water infrastructure.

Objective 1 targeted 2,364,062 beneficiaries; 87% were assisted and gained access to safe water. Only 25% of those targeted benefited from rehabilitated or new water systems, and just 33% of these water systems have trained on-site water management committees (Objective 3), which ultimately impacts the long-term sustainability of the systems. More than 62% of beneficiaries were supported through emergency water trucking, or the operation, maintenance and chlorination of existing water systems. A significant proportion of these beneficiaries were experiencing the consequences of drought, and the cluster was only able to assist them for a few weeks at a time. In areas such as the Afgooye Corridor, the cluster made extensive progress in phasing out expensive and unsustainable water trucking operations by constructing piped water systems for almost 200,000 people. Similar large-scale piped water systems were constructed in Baidoa and Marka. The cluster also targeted areas prone to AWD outbreaks with chlorination. This relatively inexpensive activity was a contributing factor in reducing the number of AWD cases reported in 2009. Nevertheless, there have been more than 53,000 cases of AWD to date in 2009.

Under Objective 2 – the adoption of good hygiene practices – 61% of the 2,044,862 targeted beneficiaries participated in hygiene campaigns, but it was difficult to ascertain whether communities have actually adopted safe hygiene practices. In sanitation, just 21% of the 1,557,082 beneficiaries targeted were reached with appropriate sanitation.13

Although progress was made within the WASH Cluster, much less was done than had been predicted, and many of the achievements are likely to be undone within a short period if humanitarian

13 Beneficiaries may be counted more than once for different WASH activities.

14 SOMALIA organizations are not funded to provide longer-term support to disaster-affected populations. At least two organizations were forced to suspend WASH activities to IDPs and drought-affected communities during 2009, and there is a growing concern that organizations will have to suspend WASH activities indefinitely unless more sustained funding is secured.

The cluster strategy was modified throughout the year to reflect the lessons learned. The operation, maintenance, and support for the chlorination of water systems and the formation of water management committees became high priorities, as they are low-cost preventative measures that help ensure that access to safe water is maintained in the longer-term. The cluster is also developing alternative water trucking strategies for drought-affected populations that use funds more effectively. With inadequate funding, most organizations have understandably focused their activities on providing water rather than sanitation and hygiene promotion. However, water provision at the expense of sanitation and hygiene yields relatively small gains in public health, and are also contributing factors to AWD, diarrhoeal disease, and the high acute malnutrition rate of 19%. The importance of sanitation and the ability to measure the impact of hygiene promotion activities is highlighted in the new 2010 WASH strategy.

2.3 Funding analysis Aid agencies originally appealed for almost $919 million in the Somalia 2009 CAP. In the first few months of the year, funding requirements increased, eventually reaching nearly a billion dollars. Funding in the early part of the year was slow and the bulk of 2009 contributions was recorded from late March onwards, meaning that in January and February, humanitarian organizations struggled with lack of funding and had to rely on funding received late in 2008 and carried over into 2009. Several agencies also borrowed funds from their headquarters to maintain their programmes. At the end of April, there were still three clusters with zero funding: NFI and Shelter, Education and Enabling Programmes.

During the MYR, requirements were revised down to $849 million due to CAP Funding 2000 - 2009 adjustments in the Food Aid 900 852 Cluster following the Funded 800 Required withdrawal of a major 700 663 implementing organization, 600 513 All figures in million US$ 476 and minor reductions in the 500 All data from FTS, 12 November 2009 384 Agriculture and Livelihoods, 400 324 308 Enabling Programmes, and 300 186 Health, and Nutrition 200 140 163 120 99 83 71 72 Clusters. More than $421 100 36 51 30 43 45 million in contributions had 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 been recorded as of mid- %funded 72% 22% 52% 63% 60% 61% 48% 80% 72% 60% year. Yet, it is important to note that of this amount, $216 million was carry-over from 2008, meaning that only $205 million in fresh funding had been received. Although this was lower in absolute terms compared to mid-year 2008, it was higher in proportion to requirements.

As of 12 November, contributions and commitments of $513 million had been recorded towards CAP activities, covering approximately 60% of the revised requirements. An additional $60.2 million had been contributed to non-CAP activities, including $36.5 million for the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC).

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Sources of Total Humanitarian Funding 2009

HRF $9.5 m CERF UN $27 m unearmarked funds $12.2 m Non-CAP $60.2 m

Carry-over $216 m

Direct donor funding $260.5 m

FTS: 12 November 2009

Funding coverage varied widely among the clusters, ranging from 14% to 75%. Only four clusters had received 50% or more funding: Food Aid (75%), Logistics (64%), Nutrition (57%), and Water and Sanitation (50%). Six clusters have recorded less than 50% funding: Enabling Programmes (45%), Health (37%), Protection (37%), Agriculture and Livelihoods (33%), NFIs and Emergency Shelter (18%), and Education (14%).

Original Revised Funding Funding Cluster Requirements Requirements Committed ($) Coverage ($) ($) Food Aid 544,263,112 475,376,040 356,359,150 75% Logistics 25,565,236 31,047,833 19,892,349 64% Nutrition 67,557,955 63,504,794 36,083,945 57% Water and Sanitation 35,798,939 35,798,939 17,824,607 50% Enabling Programmes 30,452,841 29,897,743 13,592,866 45% Health 43,830,888 40,855,407 15,055,607 37% Protection 32,105,551 41,698,979 15,579,042 37% Agriculture and Livelihoods 65,137,607 59,148,600 19,498,210 33% NFIs and Emergency Shelter 45,070,082 45,070,082 8,328,536 18% Education 29,062,339 29,443,836 4,210,433 14% Cluster not yet Specified n/a n/a 6,481,196 n/a FTS: 12 November 2009

The slow release of new funding and the overall reduction in funding has had direct impact on humanitarian action in Somalia. The WASH and the Health Clusters had to curtail their programmes across the country. Due to reduced funding, there was a risk of increased frequency and severity of AWD outbreaks following the Deyr rainy season. In 2009, WASH partners reduced or stopped water and sanitation provision to displaced people and pastoralists due to a lack of funding. In the Health Cluster, limited funding meant that emergency obstetric care, primary health care, early warning, vaccination, outbreak response, and emergency surgical programmes were reduced. The World Food Programme (WFP) has managed to distribute food to roughly 2.2 million people per month in 2009, however approximately 3.2 million people need humanitarian assistance. Only by cutting back on programmes such as food-for-work (FFW), and school feeding and by eventually reducing its food rations was WFP able to continue its core food aid programmes until December.

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Lack of funding also curtailed medium- and longer-term initiatives to reduce chronic vulnerability and increase the population’s capacity to cope with shocks; thus prolonging the need for humanitarian assistance in the future. For example, Agriculture and Livelihoods and Education are crucial for bringing Somalia out of the cycle of aid dependence.

Pooled funds, such as the locally-administered emergency pooled fund for Somalia, the HRF, and the CERF, continued to be important funding mechanisms in 2009. As of mid-November 2009, the HRF was the tenth-largest funding channel for humanitarian action in and outside the CAP, HRF Funding by Cluster (Jan-Nov 2009) with $9.5 million allocated to 52 projects. In Food addition to a 2008 carry-over of $7.9 million, 5% donors have so far contributed $7.6 million Health to the HRF and pledged more than $1 million 14% more. These funds were vital to respond to the worsening drought conditions and increased displacement in South and Central Somalia in early 2009. The fund also bridged funding gaps in the WASH and WASH Health Clusters. Overall, HRF WASH 54% Livelihoods 17% funding represents almost 30% of total WASH funding reported this year. The majority of HRF funding has gone to life- Nutrition saving activities in the WASH (54%), Health 4% and Nutrition (14%), NFI and Emergency NFI/Shelter Shelter (6%) and Food Aid (6%) Clusters. In 6% addition, 17% of the HRF funds went to emergency livelihoods projects. Projects in South and Central Somalia were clearly prioritized and received 72% of the total. Emergency water projects in drought-affected areas in Puntland received $1.4 million of support. Of the 52 HRF-supported projects, 25 were implemented by international NGOs, 23 by Somali NGOs, and four by UN agencies.

Recognizing the dire funding situation, the CERF Allocations CERF allocated $27.3 million in rapid (as of 12 November 2009) response and under-funded emergency grants Agency(ies) Cluster Amount ($) to seven UN agencies for life-saving UNICEF WASH 6,100,944 FAO Livelihoods 5,640,181 programmes in Somalia. CERF funds WFP Food Aid 4,997,088 supported emergency Health and Nutrition, UNOPS, WFP Enabling Programmes 3,500,000 Livelihoods, Security, and WASH activities. In WHO Health 2,786,673 addition, CERF provided funds for vital air UNHCR Shelter 2,304,382 UNICEF Nutrition 1,600,000 service for the humanitarian community and UNDSS Security 385,200 the rehabilitation of essential airstrips, Total 27,314,468 increasing access to vulnerable populations in the country.

Together, the CERF and HRF channelled more funding to humanitarian action in Somalia than the second-largest donor, Japan. These pooled funds thus form an increasingly important part of the funding structure for Somalia, and were crucial in enabling aid agencies to keep programmes running while funding from other sources decreased. They support both an initial response, when a new crisis breaks, and as a last resort for under-funded programmes that have not received sufficient support from traditional funding sources. Funding from both funds supported projects in line with the priorities agreed by the clusters and the IASC/Country Team, and thus contributed to strengthening humanitarian coordination.

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During the MYR, the Somalia HCT and cluster leads prioritized all projects in the appeal. As of mid- November, high-priority projects had received 66% ($441 million) of funding requests. This amount is 86% of all CAP funding to date—a positive step in encouraging support to the highest priority projects.

2.4 Humanitarian Action 2009: Best practices and lessons learned The number of people in need of humanitarian assistance increased over 2009, while insecurity made response even more challenging than in previous years, requiring constant shifts in delivery strategies. During the CAP consultations and over the course of the year, a number of lessons learned and best practices emerged. The findings are summarized below and were integrated into 2010 humanitarian strategy and cluster planning.

Humanitarian access and operational flexibility: Humanitarian access remains the main challenge to field operations, particularly in South and Central Somalia. The concept of operational flexibility was used throughout 2009. Field staff would move into areas as they became secure to assess the situation and provide life-saving assistance. While operational flexibility was successful in reaching populations in need, an unintentional consequence was that populations felt abandoned when humanitarians withdrew. In 2010, improved strategies to operate will include clearer and more transparent policies on when and how the UN, in particular, should temporarily disengage from humanitarian activities.

Capacity-building: This is an essential strategy to improve delivery of assistance in Somalia due to the limited presence of international humanitarian staff in South and Central Somalia and the reliance on Somali NGOs for programme delivery. In 2009, there were few measurable capacity-building successes recorded, despite capacity-building being a CAP 2009 cross-cutting issue. For 2010, FAO was identified as the capacity-building leader to monitor activities and provide guidance to clusters.

Livelihoods focus: Emergency actions such as food aid and water trucking continue to be important life-saving interventions in Somalia. However, these programmes are expensive, leave little infrastructure or capacity behind, and carry a risk of creating dependence. The livelihoods approach in 2010 will require a shift in programming to promote education and skills, and will include infrastructure rehabilitation and improved access to markets and services, thus protecting further erosion of Manoocher Deghati/2009/Food-for-work assets both in the short- and longer-term.

Accurate beneficiary and population figures: Accurate data on affected and baseline population continues to be an obstacle to aid delivery and planning in Somalia. Current national population planning figures are from 2005. IDP population estimates for key IDP locations such as the Afgooye Corridor are problematic. In 2010, the Statistics Working Group will begin a country-wide population survey which will improve the quality of agreed baseline data, thereby enhancing overall analysis and planning. Frequent satellite photos and improved field survey methods will be deployed in 2010 to improve IDP population estimates.

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Funding timeliness: To provide basic services, partners require predictable and timely funding channels. In the first quarter of 2009, most activities were maintained with 2008 carry-over and loans from agency headquarters as the bulk of new funding was received from late March onwards. HRF and CERF funding channels were able to bridge some gaps. Early commitments by donors are crucial to ensure the continuation of humanitarian programmes and facilitate strategic planning.

Coordination: The IASC held a one-day workshop to identify policy priorities. It was agreed that the body should address key policy issues such as how to react to violations of humanitarian space. In addition, cluster coordination strengthened considerably in 2009. Most clusters reviewed their terms of reference, fixed regular meeting dates, produced Who What Where (3W) matrixes, and reported quarterly against their 2009 Cluster Response Plan. The result was a predictable cluster structure that went beyond information-sharing. Two clusters had dedicated Cluster Chairs and were more organized and able to serve their members than those clusters without dedicated chairs. Four Cluster Support Officers were seconded to the clusters to support information management activities for the clusters. Coordination between Nairobi and Somalia field locations is an ongoing challenge. In 2009, a Field Cluster Focal Point network was established, to support links between cluster work in Nairobi and the field.

Risk management: Sufficient attention has not been paid to risk management, much to the detriment of humanitarian workers and beneficiaries alike. Risk management allows the humanitarian community to balance risk with the acuteness and scale of humanitarian needs. The absence of a proper risk management policy was felt in 2009 more than in recent years, principally because of the increasing complexity and diversity of the non-government actors controlling territory. During 2010, the humanitarian community will integrate this practice strategically in all aspects of its work, and will have a policy in place that will allow for a shared understanding of the risks involved in working in a particular region and the appropriate responses.

Gender: Gender focal points were identified within all the clusters in 2009 to strengthen gender mainstreaming and the theme was included in CAP planning as a cross-cutting issue. This has culminated in the establishment of an IASC Gender Focal Point Network for Somalia, a strategic step towards gender mainstreaming and coordination.

Preparedness and contingency planning: There is low capacity in government structures to respond to natural disasters, such as drought and floods. In 2009, contingency planning support was provided to local disaster-preparedness initiatives and institutions in the north, but linking these plans to a response strategy remains a challenge for 2010 and beyond.

Despite these lessons learned and positive steps forward, the humanitarian community continues to face several crucial, and as yet unresolved, dilemmas. For example:

How best to respond to the withdrawal of agencies: There are consistent threats to humanitarian space throughout Somalia. However, agreed operating modalities to respond to such circumstances are at an early stage. In 2009, there were several instances when a humanitarian agency was forced to suspend or close programming in a given region. In some instances, other agencies were able to quickly fill the gap and ensure the continuation of humanitarian assistance; however, this short-term solution did not address the more complex issue of safeguarding humanitarian space.

Remote management and risk transfer: The restrictions on humanitarian space have compelled many international organizations to implement programmes through national staff and Somali NGOs. However, national staff and Somali organizations also face risks. All of the eight humanitarian workers killed in 2009 were Somalis. Risk management strategies must take the risks faced by national staff and Somali NGOs into consideration.

Gender mainstreaming and protection from sexual exploitation and abuse was prioritized in the 2009 CAP. Partners agreed to develop one common result that all clusters could work towards;

19 SOMALIA irrespective of individual agency gender projects. Clusters agreed to disaggregate data as a common outcome for 2009; this action was assessed to be the prerequisite and entry point to any gender analysis. As a result Education, WASH, Agriculture and Livelihoods, and Nutrition Clusters reported sex- and age-disaggregated data in 2009. Three PSEA networks were established and they have submitted proposals to implement awareness-raising activities in IDP settlements. These networks will work with established PSEA committees, organize workshops for IDPs on the Secretary-General’s Bulletin on Special Measures for protection from sexual exploitation and abuse, map service providers and strengthen reporting and referral mechanisms. PSEA radio and drama campaigns will be carried out. Training of focal points was done in Nairobi, Hargeysa, Gaalkacyo and Bossaso. Inter-Agency Protocols and Code of Conduct for Somalia Operations have been developed, signed by all UN Country Team (UNCT) members, translated into Somali and shared with all PSEA networks. Other key documents and training materials have been translated into Somali and shared with relevant stakeholders.

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3. THE CONTEXT AND HUMANITARIAN NEEDS ANALYSIS

3.1 The context The main factors that continue to drive Somalia’s protracted complex emergency are: • Armed conflict in South and Central Somalia which creates generalized insecurity and conditions that increase criminality and protection concerns, all of which leads to difficult access for humanitarian actors. • Significant internal population displacement, particularly in and around Mogadishu and along the Afgooye Corridor due to conflict, with increasing displacement due to drought and loss of livelihoods in other parts of Somalia. • An economic crisis prompted by a devalued currency, continuing high food prices and a sharp decrease in remittances from the diaspora. • A severe drought in parts of South and Central Somalia that has expanded northward into Somaliland and Puntland affecting a large number of pastoral and agro-pastoral communities. • Increased rural and urban food insecurity and malnutrition resulting in increasing needs: 50% of the Somali population need emergency livelihood support and/or emergency humanitarian assistance.

These factors have contributed to an extremely vulnerable population in Somalia. This situation is further complicated by limited humanitarian access to conduct humanitarian actions and limited Somali access to aid and services. Irregular humanitarian access will likely continue to challenge aid delivery in many locations throughout Somalia over the course of 2010 (see sections 2.1 Operational Environment in 2009 and 4.3 Strategic Objectives for Humanitarian Response in 2010), particularly humanitarian negotiations, operational flexibility and risk management.

3.2 Humanitarian needs analysis14

3.2.1 FOOD SECURITY, NUTRITION AND DROUGHT SITUATIONS RESULT IN INCREASED NEEDS

An estimated 3.64 million Somalis are currently in crisis, including a rural population affected by severe drought, urban poor who struggle with high food and non-food prices, and IDPs. According to the 2009 FAO/FSNAU assessment, the number of people in need of livelihood and humanitarian support has increased by 13%, from 3.2 million to 3.64 million since January 2009.

Somali Populations in Need of Emergency Livelihood and Humanitarian Assistance (8 September 2009, FAO/FSNAU Post-Gu Analysis15) Affected population Category Female16 Male Total IDPs17 759,500 790,500 1,550,000 Humanitarian emergency - rural 379,750 395,250 775,000 Humanitarian emergency – urban 66,150 68,850 135,000 Acute food and livelihoods crisis - rural 323,400 336,600 660,000 Acute food and livelihoods crisis– urban 254,800 265,200 520,000 Totals 1,783,600 1,856,400 3,640,000

14 The humanitarian needs analysis is based primarily on the FAO/FSNAU seasonal analysis and cluster or regional assessments. 15 The special FAO/FSNAU brief provides a summary of the key findings of the post Gu 2009 Assessment and Analysis, which are the results of fieldwork (July 1-21), regional (July 22-29) and national analysis workshops (August 1-14) and a Technical Verification and Partner Vetting Meetings (Nutrition, August 17 and Food Security, August 19). FEWS NET Somalia along with 102 partners, including regional authorities, UN and international agencies and local and international NGOs participated and supported in this post Gu 2009 assessment and analysis process. FAO/FSNAU presented these results in Nairobi at a Somalia Support Secretariat Special Meeting on August 21 and Issued a Press release on August 24. These findings are the basis of Somalia needs analysis and are conducted twice yearly after seasonal rains. For more information on the IPC, see the User Guide at http://www.FAO/FSNAU (fsnau.org/fileadmin/uploads/1449.pdf) 16 The gender breakdown is based on the ratio of men to women in the population estimates and projects for Somalia 2005-2010, UNDP Somalia; the ratio is 49% women to 51% men. Sex breakdown is not based on FAO/FSNAU data or analysis. 17 UNHCR Somalia, September 2009.

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The epicentre of the humanitarian crisis is in the regions of Mudug, Galgaduud, Hiraan, and Bakool, due to five consecutive seasons of drought. In these areas roughly 65% of the total population are in crisis and 66% of these people are in HE. 75% of the 3.64 million people in need are concentrated in South and Central Somalia, in areas where fighting is most prevalent and access for humanitarian operations is most difficult.

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The last three consecutive seasons of below-normal rainfall has led to a deepening drought in the north of the country. As a result, there is an alarming deterioration in the food security and nutrition situation in Somaliland and Puntland among the pastoral and agro-pastoral communities since January 2009. An estimated 255,000 people are identified in AFLC, while another 25,000 are in HE. Livelihoods will continue to be challenged throughout 2010 as livestock herds have been severely reduced due to inadequate pasture and water and high food prices.

Nutrition data indicate that an estimated 285,000 children are acutely malnourished in Somalia, of which 70,000 are severely malnourished. This represents one in five and one in 20 of all children, respectively. More than two-thirds of these children are located in South and Central Somalia. The median GAM rate for all of Somalia is estimated to be 19%, a slight increase from 18.6% in 2008 and a significant increase from 15% in 200718. See the nutrition map in section 4.4 Nutrition Cluster Response Plan for more details.

El Niño and Food Security The performance of seasonal rains across Somalia is critical to ease the prolonged and severe drought that has continued in portions of Somalia since the moderate 2006 El Niño. The 2009/2010 El Niño is expected to be generally beneficial to drought‐affected marginal agricultural and pastoral communities. The October‐ December rains are expected to intensify in late 2009 and extend into January 2010. This means increased opportunities for improvements in water availability for domestic and livestock use, vegetation and pasture conditions, crop and livestock production and food security; however, it will take several good seasons for pastoralists to recover their livestock herd sizes. There is also the risk of flooding, flood damage and associated increases in malaria and other vector-borne diseases, including the potential for a re‐emergence of Rift Valley Fever, as was experienced in the 1997-8, 2002, and 2006 El Niño events.

Executive Brief: El Niño and Food Security in East Africa | FEWSNET | September 2009

3.2.2 EXTENSIVE INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT AS A RESULT OF ARMED CONFLICT AND DROUGHT

The main cause of displacement in Somalia – 86.2% of all cases – is insecurity. This is followed by drought (7.8%) and lack of livelihoods (4.7%). These trends in displacement are likely to continue in 2010. In 2009, the total number of IDPs increased from 1.3 million in January to 1.55 million, including 524,000 in the Afgooye Corridor by September 2009. Around 93% of the IDPs are concentrated in South and Central Somalia. Displacement trends are Eviction Clan Conflict characterized by spikes due to 0.3% Flood 0.3% 0.5% outbreaks of intense fighting between the warring parties. For example, Lack of displacement peaked in mid- to end- Livelihoods 4.7%” January 2009, during the withdrawal Drought 7.8% of the Ethiopian forces, and again in May and June when fighting broke out between the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) and opposition forces. These events contributed to the overcrowding of various Insecurity 86.2% settlements in the Afgooye Corridor.

UNHCR Somalia 1 Jan - 31 Oct

18 FAO/FSNAU Post-Gu 2009 nutrition assessments, July 2009.

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The majority of displaced Somalis fled to nearby areas. However many made their way to locations such as Yemen, Kenya, and Djibouti. In Yemen, approximately 27,675 Somali immigrants arrived in the first ten months of 200919and an average of 6,500 crossed the border into Kenya per month in the first half of the year. A total of 503,000 Somali refugees are currently registered in countries in the region, including Ethiopia, Tanzania, Eritrea, Uganda, Yemen, Djibouti, and Kenya.20

Mogadishu enjoyed relative calm and stability in early 2009 and an estimated 71,000 displaced people returned to Mogadishu. This return was viewed as an expression of belief in the ongoing peace process and support for the new political leadership of President Sheikh Sharif Sheikh Ahmed. However, since May 2009, hopes for a political solution to the long-standing crisis were suspended when intense fighting broke out in Mogadishu between the TFG and a coalition of opposition forces. Fighting spread from Mogadishu to other areas in South and Central triggering new waves of displacement, loss of life, and further destruction of infrastructure, including humanitarian assets. The majority of the recent returnees to Mogadishu were forced to flee again. In addition, residents of Mogadishu neighbourhoods never before targeted with violence were forced to flee. Between May and July 2009, approximately 241,000 people were displaced throughout Somalia, of whom roughly 188,000 people were displaced due to insecurity in Mogadishu.

3.2.3 ECONOMIC CRISIS The humanitarian crisis is worsened by the impact of global recession. The urban poor in Somalia struggle to meet basic needs. Although the prices of maize and sorghum in Somalia have decreased by 50-60% between July 2008 and July 2009 they are still 100-200% higher than the five-year average.

Some pockets of economic improvement are expected over 2010; however, these are not likely to have widespread impact on the overall situation. In 2009 the normal Gu harvest in the south temporarily boosted agricultural worker wages and provided some economic relief. However, benefits of this harvest are not likely to be felt in other drought-affected regions.

The global recession will continue to affect coping mechanisms where remittances from the diaspora are an important source of income. There was a 25% decline in remittances21 (normally over one billion dollars per year) in Manoocher Deghati/2009 Market reconstruction the first half of 2009 due to the increased unemployment among the Somalis living abroad. In a region where the average per capita income is $210 per annum and 43% of the population lives in extreme poverty, remittances provide an important social safety net and have a significant effect on the standard of living.

19 This figure is likely to rise dramatically during the September to January sailing season. 20 UNHCR Somalia | September 2009. 21 UNDP, 2009.

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4. THE 2010 COMMON HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN

The Common Humanitarian Action Plan (CHAP) lays out the humanitarian context and related needs, common planning scenarios, the IASC-endorsed strategies for response, and the cluster response plans. The CHAP also includes overviews of the monitoring strategy and the criteria for protect sheet inclusion and prioritization. The project sheets that support the strategic priorities and cluster response plans are available online via the Financial Tracking Service (FTS, http://www.reliefweb.int/fts).

4.1 Planning scenarios Humanitarian partners developed three planning scenarios through consultations held at the Nairobi and field levels. Cluster response plans and activities proposed by each cluster in this appeal are planned around the “most likely” scenario and contingency planning is based on the “worst-case” scenario.

Best-case scenario In the North, peaceful elections would be held in Somaliland and the results would be widely accepted. The governments of Puntland and Somaliland would continue to stabilize. In the South and Central Somalia security would improve and there would be a stabilization of power structures through a moderate government. There would be improved cross-border and regional relations and a reduction of refugees in the region. Improved seasonal rains would lead to increased harvests, rangeland regeneration, and improvements in the size and quality of livestock herds, as well an increase in milk production. There would be minor, localized flooding.

The improved political context, and related increases in humanitarian access throughout Somalia, would encourage donor confidence resulting in increased humanitarian funding. Displaced populations would return to their home areas in large numbers. Local economies and external economic and trade relations would improve. Food security, health and nutrition indicators all would improve.

Most likely scenario The presidential elections in Somaliland originally planned for October 2009 are moved to the first half of 2010. The potential for localized insecurity and actions by dissident groups increases, but in general terms security remains relatively good. In Puntland and the North East of Somalia, clan- based concerns may affect stability, and Puntland may be increasingly under threat from radical Islamic groups. However, overall stability is likely to improve. In the south and central regions there is weakened public support for opposition groups and a wider, though still weak, recognition of the TFG. Clan-based, local authorities continue to govern portions of South and Central Somalia. Widespread insecurity and humanitarian access constraints continue. Humanitarian operations improve through better risk analysis and management. Heavy rains related to El Niño cause flooding in the south. The increased rains do not result in substantial recovery of crop lands, rangelands or livestock herd size. Milk production and animal quality also do not improve. Moderate regional instability continues and the stabilization of global financial markets leads to a resumption of increased remittances.

In 2010, slow and limited funding results in a humanitarian crisis which will hamper partners’ capacity to respond to existing needs in a number of critical sectors. Current levels of displacement are maintained, mainly in South and Central Somalia. There is no net increase in humanitarian needs or displacement. Humanitarian access remains unpredictable and continues to challenge operations. Implementation is largely conducted through Somali implementing partners in South and Central Somalia. Food security, health and nutrition indicators improve slightly or remain the same as in 2009. There is some local economic improvement due to falling prices and near-normal crop production in the south following the Gu rains of 2009.

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Worst-case scenario In the North, a breakdown of political arrangements in Puntland and Somaliland would cause a general deterioration of security. Clan-related conflict over resources and piracy would increase and there is potential for a civil war. In the south and central regions, the political situation would be increasingly fragmented. There would be widespread insecurity and violence. Aid workers and humanitarian organizations would be increasingly targeted and there would be a further reduction in humanitarian Manoocher Deghati/2009/Drought conditions persist access throughout Somalia. External military interventions may take place. There would be widespread flooding during the rainy season. However, the increased rains would not alleviate the drought conditions. Global and local prices would continue to rise and remittances would decline further.

The deteriorating political situation would cause a shift in donor funding away from humanitarian action. There would be increased displacement in the North due to political instability in Puntland and Somaliland. Displaced people would continue to flee South and Central Somalia for cities of Puntland and Somaliland and there would be increased risks of a regional crisis as more of the displaced population move into neighbouring countries. In South and Central Somalia there would be little or no humanitarian access to populations in need and most agencies would implement their programmes through remote operations. Food security, health and nutrition indicators all would continue to deteriorate and humanitarian needs would increase across Somalia.

4.2 Strategic priorities for humanitarian response in 2010 To address the humanitarian needs in Somalia, the IASC, Inter-Cluster Working Group (ICWG) and humanitarian partners endorsed four strategic priorities to guide humanitarian action in 2010. These priorities are in line with the 2009 priorities but emphasize the need for an integrated livelihoods approach to response planning. This approach is the result of intensive debate at the CAP workshops with key stakeholders at the Somalia and Nairobi level.22 Individual clusters have made efforts to strengthen or include a livelihoods component in their respective cluster response plans. The endorsement of these strategic priorities builds on actions taken throughout 2009 to ensure a strategy coherent with humanitarian needs in Somalia.

22 More than 400 people participated at the workshops, representing international and Somali NGOs, local authorities, donors, the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, and the UN.

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2010 Somalia CAP Strategic Priorities 1. Provide life-saving humanitarian services to 910,000 people living in Humanitarian Emergency23 (HE) and the most vulnerable of the 1.55 million IDPs; 2. Protect and increase the social, economic, and environmental assets of 3.64 million people in crisis by means of livelihood-based humanitarian programming, with a focus on women, youth and those in Acute Food and Livelihood Crisis, to prevent further deterioration into Humanitarian Emergency. 3. Provide vulnerable populations with a minimum package of basic services, with specific sensitivity to women’s needs, through engagement of communities and, where possible, building of local capacities. 4. Strengthen the protective environment for vulnerable populations, with a particular focus on women and youth, through advocacy, community mobilization, and access to services.

*Vulnerable populations are defined in the section 3 and may vary with the context, based on agreement with humanitarian partners.

4.3 Strategies for Response The FAO/FSNAU Post-Gu analysis recommends that response be prioritized through a livelihoods approach, which has been the overall trend in all 2010 planning activities. The main priorities and geographic location for targeting follow.

Emergency Humanitarian Assistance: To Save Lives • Targeting areas and livelihood groups identified in HE • Targeting areas and livelihood groups identified with Critical and Very Critical nutrition status • Increased attention to areas where past/current needs exceed response. • Scale up in HE areas that continue to deteriorate (i.e. Central, Hiraan, Middle Shabelle, and Bakool). • Targeting IDPs and urban populations identified in HE and with high rates of malnutrition. • Targeting populations at high risk of HE areas in the north (Togdheer Agro-pastoral and Sool Plateau Pastoral).

Emergency Livelihood Support: To Save Livelihoods and Prevent Deterioration to HE • Targeting areas and livelihood groups in AFLC • Targeting populations in HE, to complement life saving interventions • Scale up emergency livelihood support for populations in AFLC in the south (Middle Shabelle, Gedo, and Bakool) • Increase emergency livelihood support to populations identified in AFLC in the northern drought-affected areas • Targeting poor urban populations who continue to be identified in AFLC.

For more information and analysis see FAO/FSNAU Post-Gu 2009 technical report: http://www.fsnau.org/fileadmin/uploads/1586.pdf

Maintain flexibility: Flexibility will be the most important characteristic of humanitarian action in 2010. Due to limited access to many parts of South and Central Somalia, humanitarians will need to take

23 HE is defined in Somalia as: severe lack of access to food with excess mortality, very high and increasing malnutrition and irreversible livelihood asset-stripping (Food and Agriculture Organization/Food Security Nutrition and Analysis Unit [FAO/FSNAU–Somalia]). AFLC is defined as: highly stressed and critical lack of food access with high and above-usual malnutrition and accelerated depletion of livelihood assets that, if continued, will slide the population into Phase 4 or 5 of the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) and/or likely result in chronic poverty (FAO/FSNAU–Somalia).

28 SOMALIA advantage of small windows of opportunity to deliver life-saving assistance. Aid will continue to be delivered through a variety of different mechanisms, depending on humanitarian access and the levels of insecurity in high priority areas, such as the Afgooye Corridor and many parts of South and Central. Puntland and Somaliland will likely continue to have relatively good access for humanitarians to target drought-affected and other populations in need. A lesson learned from 2009 is that flexible funding mechanisms, such as CERF and HRF are extremely important and will continue to be required to meet urgent and unforeseen needs. Planned project activities will likely need to shift with changes in situation and donors are requested to support this need to reprioritize action.

Focus on livelihoods: Consultations during the planning process for the CAP 2010 emphasized the need to prioritize programmes that address both the short- and longer-term dimensions of the crisis in Somalia. This strategy includes protection of remaining livelihoods assets from complete stripping, cushioning vulnerable households from asset depletion, addressing livelihood-related vulnerabilities and strengthening local capacities to cope with ongoing and future shocks.

Somalia is a country in protracted crisis, characterized by more than 18 years of conflict, a lack of basic social services (such as health, water, sanitation and education), poor governance and rule of law, increased competition for all economic resources and an absence of regulation and investment in the productive and trade sectors. This has led to the erosion of livelihoods and livelihood assets which, in turn, has resulted in high and persistent levels of food insecurity and chronically high acute malnutrition rates. It is important to simultaneously address both the short and long-term dimensions of the crisis by addressing immediate and underlying causes and structural deficiencies. It is also essential to involve Somali partners and institutions in defining and implementing the most appropriate interventions to help improve and diversify livelihoods.

While early recovery is guided by development principles, it begins within the time frame of emergency programmes and must be integrated within humanitarian mechanisms. In practice this means that early recovery coordination and activities should be integrated into humanitarian resource mobilization tools, such as flash appeals and the CAP.

Ensure complementary cluster activities: Joint planning and common targeting of vulnerable populations has increased in 2009 and is clearly represented in all 2010 cluster response plans. In some cases projects have been given special consideration during the vetting exercise if they are coordinated with a second cluster. This approach recognizes the links between clusters and the importance of leveraging these links for better programming. Examples include the Education Cluster’s interest in hygiene promotion activities or the WASH Cluster’s recognition that nutrition rates and AWD rates are important indicators of the effectiveness of WASH Cluster activities.

Increase capacity-building: Capacity-building is a cross-cutting issue in the CAP 2010 that is crucial to strengthen the capacity of Somali NGOs, community-based organizations, agency staff, local authorities and government counterparts to deliver humanitarian assistance in a transparent and accountable manner consistent with accepted technical standards and best practices. Capacity- building has evolved over recent years as a key element of humanitarian response in Somalia due to the operating context. FAO has taken leadership to champion this cross-cutting issue in 2010 providing strategy, status reports and advice to partners. Support will focus on two levels, first to build individual skills and second to support organizational structures. Over the course of 2010 a concrete joint strategy will be developed and implemented to ensure strengthened field operations. See the Capacity-building Guidance Note at http://ochaonline.un.org/somalia/CAP2010/.

Prioritize gender mainstreaming and protection from sexual exploitation and abuse: Based on lessons learnt in 2009, the IASC Gender Focal Point Network for Somalia will continue to mainstream gender as a cross-cutting issue and capacity-building training sessions for the Gender Network will be undertaken. The Network will work to support the humanitarian community to plan, implement,

29 SOMALIA monitor and evaluate programmes with a gender perspective. No new common indicator was developed for 2010, although partners agreed to strengthen tracking of sex disaggregated data for crisis-affected populations. See Guidance Note; http://ochaonline.un.org/somalia/CAP2010/.

Promote a joint communications strategy. The UN Information Group will continue to advance the joint 2009-2011 communications strategy endorsed by the UNCT by coordinating joint media trips, messages and talking points on emerging issues, and supporting better understanding of UN action in Somalia. The group is made up of 16 UN agencies and it is instrumental in supporting better decision making and ensuring that Somalia remains in international media. The strategy includes more than 40 activities. A number of important initiatives were undertaken in 2009 and will continue into 2010, including:

• A joint international media trip to drought-affected areas near Gaalkacyo that was followed by several media stories. • Strategic use of IRIN radio to transmit agency stories such as programmes on hygiene, governance and reproductive health issues. • A Somali Media Awards programme was conducted and winners were honoured with a grant and certificate. • Four joint press releases were produced. Joint messages were also sent out at New Year’s, Ramadan and as required to the Somali people. • A crisis management team was activated when four UN staff were abducted; public information was well executed and lessons learnt were collected.

Strengthen links between emergency CAP planning and development, including the United Nations Transitional Plan (UNTP): These links will continue to strengthen in 2010. Cluster chairs will meet their counterparts in the sector-based working groups (linked to the Reconstruction and Development Programme) and the lead UN agencies (working under the UNTP Outcomes) will ensure that projects in each strategy are complementary and do not duplicate activities.

The CAP project activities have been designed to incorporate a livelihoods approach and capacity- building. This deliberate feature of the 2010 CAP ensures that the short-term emergency life-saving projects contribute to early recovery and will also help communities as they move towards sustainable development. This complementary approach to emergency, early recovery and development, although complicated in the Somali context, is particularly important in transition areas, such as the drought-affected area of Somaliland and Puntland, and will ensure that communities simultaneously benefit from short, medium and longer-term programming.

Improve monitoring and evaluations: Processes were put in place in 2009 and will be improved and strengthened throughout 2010 (see section 4.6, Strategic Monitoring Plan). The complex operating environment will continue to challenge project monitoring and evaluation efforts; donors are requested to support changes in project priorities.

Continue preparedness and contingency planning: Preparedness and contingency planning are key tools Manoocher Deghati/2009/Water transportation to prepare for natural or man-made emergencies that often transcend national borders. Support to local authorities in Puntland and Somaliland, in an effort to link planning scenarios to response plans, is critical to reinforce and build local capacity and sound response

30 SOMALIA systems. Clusters will continue to develop joint plans to support emergency response planning for anticipated El Niño flooding in Juba and Shebelle basins in South Somalia. Logistics planning will continue to support secure placement of contingency stocks for operational agencies.

Cross-border contingency plans, response strategy development, and information-sharing initiatives will continue in 2010, particularly with the humanitarian community in Kenya. Planning will focus around core issues of common concern, including, but not limited to, population movements, security, disease surveillance, drought and food insecurity.

Negotiate humanitarian access: Negotiations are undertaken with local authorities, the community, elders and opposition groups to ensure an understanding of humanitarian action, and to guarantee the safety and security of humanitarian workers and their access to populations in need. Difficulties in operating in Somalia where highlighted in 2009, by several events that ranged from threatening accusations to attacks on humanitarian compounds. Each of these events required humanitarian negotiations, and not all of them were successful. At the Nairobi level the humanitarian community was not always in agreement on how to proceed, given the sensitivities and security concerns around negotiations. Progress was made and the IASC agreed on a guidance document on humanitarian principles and access negotiations. The IASC Ground Rules: Advisory Note on Practical Considerations for Negotiations is a first step toward shared principles on access negotiations in Somalia. For 2010, implementation and compliance with the shared principles will be at the forefront of the humanitarian community’s humanitarian access strategy. A transparent approach that presents a need to manage risk balanced against the scale of humanitarian need is required so humanitarian action is fully understood by all those who influence humanitarian outcomes. A UNCT policy on engagement including when to disengage was under draft at time of writing.

Coordination structures such as the IASC and ICWG will continue to provide policy guidance, decision-making, an information-sharing environment, and opportunities to liaise with donors on core and emerging issues. The field focal point network will work with Nairobi-based cluster structures through an improved coordination system which will support operational activities and project monitoring. This system will continue to be supported with four Cluster Support Officers who will focus on improved information management practices such as maintenance of 3W database, gap analysis and support to inter-cluster coordination. These improvements to the coordination structure will continue to build on lessons learned to ensure strengthened coordination networks to support more timely decisions to support field operations (see section 4.5, Coordination Structures).

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4.4 Cluster response plans A detailed logframe of the cluster response plans can be found in Annex I. This framework outlines the objectives, major activities, indicators, end-May targets and year-end targets for each cluster. It also relates the cluster-specific activities to overall Somalia strategic priorities.

AGRICULTURE AND LIVELIHOODS Lead Agencies Chair: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Co-chair: Somali Organic Agriculture Development Organization Organizations Participating in Bay Women and Development Network (BWDN), FAO, FAO/FSNAU, Preparation of the Cluster Heralding Development Organization (HIDO), International Rescue Response Plan Committee (IRC), Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), Somali Organic Agriculture Development Organization (SADO) Bardera Number of Projects 32 Cluster Objectives • Provide integrated emergency livelihoods support to 910,000 people living in HE and 1.55 million IDPs in Somalia • Provide and protect productive livelihoods assets for 1,180,000 people in AFLC in order to prevent them from sliding into HE • Strengthen the capacity of vulnerable communities to better cope with ongoing and future shocks Beneficiaries 1,409,000 total: including 515,700 women and 893,300 male HE/AFLC/IDP Somalis Funds Requested $42,688,583 Funds Requested per Priority High: $42,688,583 Level Contact Information Andrea Berloffa - [email protected] Osman Gedow - [email protected]

Agriculture and Livelihoods Cluster Target Beneficiaries Category projects will respond to the Female Total humanitarian situation, geographic IDPs 186,000 (60%) 310,000 (20%) priorities and needs described in HE (rural and urban) 81,900 (30%) 273,000 (30%) section 3.2. They will be guided by the AFLC (rural and urban) 247,800 (30%) 826,000 (70%) FAO/FSNAU seasonal analysis and assessments and cluster objectives.

The cluster response plan emphasises providing timely emergency livelihoods response to populations in HE while protecting vulnerable communities in AFLC from sliding into HE. In line with this focus, the response plan sets a 30% target for populations under HE and a 70% target under AFLC; with 30% of females targeted in HE and AFLC, respectively. Further, a 20% target is set for IDPs, with at least 60% focus on females (see table).

Although Somalia is a complex emergency, pockets of stability can be found next to areas of dire humanitarian needs. An early recovery approach will be taken during the humanitarian phase of the emergency with links to recovery and reconstruction programming under the UNTP.

Strategy The cluster plans to achieve these targets through three objectives, acknowledging that effective coordination with other clusters (i.e. WASH, Food Aid, Nutrition and Logistics) is key to the success of the clusters strategic objectives.

The first objective supports overall humanitarian assistance to Somalia by providing integrated emergency livelihoods response to people living in HE and IDPs. In recognition that most, but not all assets have been lost by those in HE, this objective aims at enabling vulnerable populations identified under HE to urgently access food and protect, where possible, existing assets.

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In an effort to prevent vulnerable populations in AFLC from slipping to HE, the second objective aims at providing productive livelihoods assets to vulnerable people while at the same time protecting their priority livelihoods assets through programmes such as cash and food-for-work, livestock redistribution and support to emergency alternative livelihoods activities, amongst other.

The third objective aims at strengthening the capacity of Manoocher Deghati/2009/Supporting livelihoods vulnerable communities, to better cope with ongoing and future shocks. To achieve the first two cluster objectives, it is important to build and reinforce the capacities of key existing and emerging public institutions involved in disaster preparedness and mitigation programmes, implementing partners (NGOs and community-based organizations), and the cluster coordination and technical support structures. An assessment of gaps in capacity to respond to crisis is required and will be conducted.

To build the capacity of humanitarian actors, the cluster will engage in emergency preparedness activities. The cluster also aims to create cluster coordination structures in Somalia to support existing authorities such as the National Environmental Research and Disaster Preparedness Commission (NERAD) in Somaliland, the Humanitarian Affairs and Disaster Management Agency (HADMA) in Puntland and authorities in the South. The cluster will make an effort to coordinate and respond in a timely manner by reinforcing the Cluster Focal Points Network and engaging with the Food Security and Economic Development Sector.

Monitoring The cluster will meet monthly, or as required, to review progress against the response plan, share information on activities and cross-cutting issues and analyse funding issues. Cluster members will be expected to report on implementation and progress against projects and agreed indicators. The cluster will also develop templates and systems to support reporting including monthly, quarterly, and semi-annual reports, evaluations and impact assessments. Gender-sensitive, specific measurable achievable relevant time-bound (SMART) indicators are included to support monitoring the impact of the cluster activities.

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EDUCATION Lead Agencies Chair: United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Co-chair: Save the Children (SC) Organizations participating in Comitato Internationale per lo Sviluppo dei Popoli (CISP), World Vision preparation of the Cluster (WV), Trocaire, AET, Zam Zam Foundation, Intersos, NCA, OCHA, Response Plan Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC), Horn-Africa Aid & Development Organization (HADO), SC, UNICEF, WFP, Islamic Relief (IR), Muslim Aid, Relief International (RI), Education Sector Committee Number of Projects 20 Cluster Objectives • Increased access to formal/non-formal emergency education (with particular emphasis on gender and inclusion) to provide IDPs and emergency-affected children and youth with a protective environment • Increased life-saving and peace building information/activities integrated into emergency education programmes to reduce risk for IDPs and other vulnerable populations • Increased access to formal/non-formal emergency education (with particular emphasis on gender and inclusion) to provide displaced and emergency-affected children and youth with a protective environment Beneficiaries 295,607 total Somali children, including 141,346 girls and 154,261 boys Funds Requested $23,440,282 Funds Requested per Priority High: $13,548,752 Level Medium: $7,754,170 Low: $2,137,360 Contact Information Mera Thompson - [email protected]

Access to basic education in Somalia remains low, with gross enrolment rates ranging from 40% in the North to just 22% in the South and Central Somalia. According to the 2006-2007 Primary Education Survey conducted by UNICEF, less than one-quarter of girls in Somalia are enrolled in school. Escalating conflict in South and Central Somalia, particularly around Mogadishu, and the ongoing threat of drought have worsened access to education. Of particular concern are IDPs living in the Afgooye Corridor, and a growing number of displaced people in settlements in the Central Region. The lack of government services throughout South and Central Somalia means that NGOs and communities already straining to maintain basic livelihoods have become responsible for ensuring the provision of basic education services.

Another generation of children deprived of education leaves Somalia without a sustainable path for a peaceful and prosperous future. Emergency education programmes can be both life-saving and life- sustaining. Education in emergencies reduces risks faced by children and youth by providing a safe environment and protection from exploitation or recruitment and an opportunity to receive life-saving messages regarding hygiene, health issues, such as Human Immuno-deficiency Virus/Acquired Immuno-deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS), and mine risks. Education programming also provides safe spaces for parents to leave their children while they focus on income-generating and livelihoods activities. Education supports vulnerable communities with literacy, numeracy and livelihoods skills to strengthen household resilience. In short, education in emergencies provides immediate protection from the devastation of war while providing Somali children and youth with the skills to build peaceful and prosperous lives.

Strategy Emergency education programmes will encompass activities ranging from teacher training to school reconstruction and community mobilization. These are often similar to activities categorized as developmental education, but by will be implemented in an environment of mass displacement, conflict, natural disaster and/or in the absence of state-provided basic services. In line with the FAO/FSNAU needs assessment, the cluster will prioritize HE, AFLC, and IDPs. The cluster will adopt a strategic focus in the following technical areas: • Life-saving information integrated into education programmes for children, youth and adults that focuses on hygiene, nutrition, health and protection in response to conflict-affected populations’ practical learning needs (particularly in South and Central Somalia). • Access to quality educational services for IDPs and other emergency-affected populations across all three zones, with an emphasis on integration with host communities where possible (particularly in Puntland and Somaliland).

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• Construction and rehabilitation of temporary learning spaces, schools and WASH facilities for emergency- affected populations across all three zones.

While working towards these objectives, the cluster will emphasize child participation and child-led activities in all programmes. The integration of life-saving information will become a minimum standard for all emergency education curricula utilized by cluster members. The cluster will continue to work with community and regional bodies to Manoocher Deghati/2009/Emergency education build local capacity to plan for and respond to emergencies. Cluster members will continue to work with Community Education Committees to strengthen school management and community mobilization. Training and support will be extended to district and regional education bodies to strengthen emergency education response capacity.

Monitoring The Primary Education Survey 2006-2007 is the overall baseline for the education system and emergency education response in Somalia. Where possible, inter-agency assessments will be carried out to inform project design and provide a specific baseline for emergency education response. Specific rapid needs assessments will be carried out a case-by-case basis to meet the rapidly changing humanitarian context. Cluster meetings are held on a monthly basis and partners will monitor the response plan on a quarterly basis and produce quarterly reports on achievements towards annual targets. The cluster will update the Who Does What Where matrix semi-annually. Cluster partners will also share best practices and other programmatic information.

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ENABLING PROGRAMMING24 Lead Agencies Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) and United Nations Department of Safety and Security (UNDSS) Organizations Participating in OCHA, UNDSS Preparation of the Cluster Response Plan Number of Projects Six Cluster Objectives • Strengthen coordination to support delivery of life-saving humanitarian assistance to the most vulnerable Somalis • Enable humanitarian activities and personnel with safety and security programmes in Somalia Beneficiaries 3,640,000 total: including 1,856,400 women and 1,783,600 male Somalis and 1,400 UN staff and NGOs, wherever possible Funds Requested $11,113,722 Funds Requested per Priority High: $10,308,247 Level Medium: $805,475 Contact Information Kiki Gbeho - [email protected] Jean Lausberg - [email protected]

Somalia is moving to the highest level of acute needs in the long-running humanitarian crisis of the past four years. This crisis is exacerbated by an 18-year period of conflict and lawlessness that has beset many parts of the country. Armed conflict, generalized insecurity, extensive internal displacement and drought are the main drivers of the crisis and the basis for Enabling Programming activities (as described in Section 3, The Context and Humanitarian Needs Analysis).

Coordination and security support during crisis response are core functions that compose Enabling Programming in Somalia. The enabling programmes will jointly work to provide an environment in which services can be delivered safely and effectively.

Much of the Somalia response is coordinated from Nairobi as the security situation, particularly in South and Central Somalia, often prohibits an optimal field presence. Deployment of staff is done through the concept of ‘operational flexibility’ and complex risk management strategy.

The most significant access constraints include: • Violence towards humanitarian personnel and assets has forced humanitarian organizations to withdraw or temporarily suspend activities in certain areas. As of 30 October 2009, eight humanitarian aid workers had been killed in 2009 and ten were still being held captive inside Somalia. • Impediments and restrictions on agencies, and restrictions or delays in movement of personnel and goods sometimes result in delays in the delivery of humanitarian assistance and short-term localized suspensions. • Ongoing hostilities and military operations prevent long-term programming, and in some areas cause suspension of assistance and service delivery.

Coordination strategy In 2010, the strategy for field coordination will rely on a ‘hub’ and ‘antennae’ approach. This strategy will reinforce existing field offices in the North and contribute to the development of two full field offices in South and Central Somalia. In these locations, a full range of coordination products and services, including mapping, information products, liaison with local authorities and coordination, will be provided to humanitarian partners. The ‘antennae’ support agencies currently working in less accessible areas of South and Central Somalia, and will become ‘hubs’ should circumstances permit.

At the Nairobi level, the strategy will be to pursue and reinforce efforts successfully undertaken in 2009 strengthen the IASC and cluster structure and to provide analysis for advocacy and decisions that support field operations. The multi-directional flow of information among field locations, and

24 Enabling programming is not an official Somalia cluster, but is used to plan and appeal for common support services such as coordination and security.

36 SOMALIA between them and Nairobi will enhance coordination of field activities. IASC partners and cluster leads will support this flow, based on field level practical guidance.

The Funding Coordination Unit will assist in resource mobilization on behalf of the humanitarian community and individual clusters. The team will continue to manage the HRF, an important emergency funding mechanism, and will facilitate access to the pooled funding mechanism at the global level, such as the CERF. The establishment of a Common Humanitarian Fund for Somalia is pending.

The Nairobi team will further work to support field staff with policy advice, particularly on protection of civilians, strategic coordination as described above, and information management, including a website, Who, What and Where database, and custom map production. Inter-agency messaging on key issues, advocacy and public information is the main vehicle used to reach key audiences in Somalia and beyond.

Security strategy In March 2009, the Security Risk Assessment (SRA) for Somalia was presented by UNDSS and endorsed by the Security Management Team (SMT). The SRA includes programmes, potential threats, vulnerability assessments and recommendations for security risk mitigation. Due to the ever- changing security situation, the SRA will be reviewed and updated regularly, with a region-based analysis reflecting the different conditions experienced in various locations throughout Somalia.

In line with the SRA recommendations, the security strategy will aim to facilitate relief and humanitarian operations by reducing the vulnerability of humanitarian staff and mitigating critical risks through the establishment of a security support capability for humanitarian operations, particularly in South and Central Somalia. Additionally through several of the projects, UNDSS will strengthen security management capacities and capabilities to enable safe and secure humanitarian programmes and activities. There will be readily available post-traumatic stress counselling for staff working in and for Somalia. In total, these projects will directly benefit approximately 1,400 UN staff and indirectly benefit several hundred non-UN staff.

Monitoring Enabling programming provides support to all nine clusters. Achievements will be constantly monitored and assessed by the entire humanitarian community. Furthermore, security reports will be shared twice monthly in SMT meetings and other coordination fora.

A mid-year review of the CAP 2010 will be conducted and quarterly cluster updates produced. Changes to the context and related humanitarian implications for common planning will be reported with updates on successes and challenges.

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FOOD AID Lead Agency World Food Programme (WFP) Organizations participating in ADA, AMA, Agency for Peace and Development, DRC, Dialogue Foreming, preparation of the Cluster GARAD, HADO, RUKUDO, SDARO, Somali Aid Foundation (SAF), OCHA, Response Plan WFP Number of Projects Two Cluster Objectives • To promote the recovery of malnourished children and women by addressing house hold level food insecurity • To provide life-saving family rations to those identified as HE and if possible AFLC, to protect assets and prevent asset depletion • Increase the efficacy, relevance and value of food aid through inter- agency/inter-cluster coordination Beneficiaries 2,294,625 total: including 1,147,313 women and 1,147,312 male Somalis Funds Requested $332,703,314 Funds Requested per Priority High: $332,703,314 Level Contact Information Keith Ursel - [email protected] Harald Mannhardt - [email protected]

Results of a country-wide comprehensive inter-agency seasonal assessment led by the FAO/FSNAU confirm that the humanitarian crisis in Somalia is widespread, severe and deteriorating. Nearly half of the population are in need of livelihood and emergency humanitarian assistance (see section 3: The Context and Humanitarian Needs Analysis).

Strategy A flexible collaborative approach with the Nutrition Cluster will be adopted to ensure Manoocher Deghati/2009/Food distribution the most appropriate methodology is used in each Food Aid Cluster response activity. Additionally, flexible inter-cluster response needs to be built into all planning strategies. General food distributions will be the priority response for highly insecure areas that are difficult to access. Rural areas, plagued by resource-based conflict and drought, will be examined on a case-by-case basis. Strategies for addressing the priority groups may include: targeted supplementary feeding with family rations, general food distributions, wet feeding and health institution feeding for inpatients, and targeting tuberculosis (TB) and HIV-positive patients. Complementary programming with other clusters will strengthen the bridge between emergency food activities and a livelihoods approach.

The Food Aid Cluster response plan will address this situation with life–saving actions through: • Agreements among donors and agencies on funding for adaptable interventions that provide food rations using the most appropriate methodology. • Strengthening and supporting inter-cluster collaboration, for example with the Nutrition Cluster, where daily contact results in shared indicators and goals, mapping and signed plans of actions between main agencies, and joint trainings and guidelines. Projects focusing on sustainable solutions to hunger are also included in the Agriculture and Livelihoods Cluster, with potential complementary food aid targeting of minorities and vulnerable people (women/children-headed households, people identified with HIV or TB, or school children) with the WASH, Health and Education Clusters. • Implementing food aid through a flexible approach, depending on the zone and region. Some areas in Somalia are comparatively stable and prosperous, while others have poor nutrition and food security; therefore a flexible approach is needed to tailor the correct project to the local situation.

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• Improved and detailed monitoring and evaluation systems integrated into the interventions to asses and ensure environment safety, quality assistance and timely information on the locations of food distributions. • Staff and cooperating partners receive training, particularly on sexual abuse and exploitation. This would include follow-up at distribution sites where special areas are set aside for women to receive food allocations. • Capacity-building for Food Aid Cluster partners. A high-level consultant was engaged to study the capacity development opportunities and chart the way forward. Capacity-building and training initiatives are precarious as they rely on a secure environment. • Continued improvement to beneficiary targeting assisted by FAO/FSNAU information, which is then extensively reviewed by a series of partners at key locations.

Monitoring The Food Aid Cluster monitoring and evaluation strategy will focus on assessing progress against the cluster’s indicators and objectives. Nutrition surveys from the bi-annual FAO/FSNAU reports and monthly cooperating partner reports will provide performance data for indicators related to nutritional and feeding programme objectives. Field monitoring will also be used to triangulate information. Training of field staff and cooperating partners in monitoring and evaluation/reporting will be conducted on a regular basis. The cluster will review the performance of cluster indicators in June and January of every year.

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HEALTH Lead Agencies Chair: World Health Organization (WHO) Co-chair: Medical Emergency Relief International (MERLIN) Organizations Participating in Action Africa Help-International (AAH.I), CESVI, Comitato Internationale Preparation of the Cluster per lo Sviluppo dei Popoli (CISP), Cooperazione Internazionale Response Plan (COOPI), European Community (EC), HARD –Organization, Intersos, IR, MERLIN, OCHA, QHARDO, SAFI UK, SC, Somali Education and Health Organization (SEHO) aid, Shabelle Relief and Development Organization (SHARDO), UNICEF, WVI, WHO, ZamZam Foundation Number of Projects 36 Cluster Objectives • To provide emergency health assistance including high impact, critical life-saving services for women and children in IDP and host communities • Prevent and control communicable diseases • Strengthened coordination mechanisms for humanitarian response at the field, zonal and national levels Beneficiaries 2,184,000 total: including 1,113,840 women and 1,070,160 male Somalis Funds Requested $46,444,869 Funds Requested per Priority High: $29,020,702 Level Medium: $14,176,631 Low: $3,247,536 Contact Information Dr. Adili Matontu - [email protected] Godela Von Dohren - [email protected]

Civil strife in Somalia has had a debilitating effect on the social service infrastructure, particularly in the health sector. Increasing life-threatening gaps in the coverage of essential health services are compounded by inadequate access to safe water and sanitation, increasingly eroded livelihoods, and mass displacement. These gaps result in the escalating frequency of communicable disease outbreaks such as cholera and measles, rising rates of severe acute malnutrition, decreasing immunization rates, and other serious health risks for vulnerable groups, particularly women and children. These substantial health needs are symptomatic of the poor coverage and quality of essential health care (including maternal, neonatal and child care), shortages of life-saving medicines and trauma supplies for both primary health and secondary health care, and lack of trained health workers.25

The risk of communicable disease outbreaks, including cholera and measles, is likely to increase due to unhygienic living conditions, inadequate sanitation coverage, weakened immune systems due to poor nutrition and lack of adequate livelihoods, stress, and limited access to safe drinking water. Acute respiratory infections and diarrhoeal diseases remain the main causes of morbidity and mortality that can be easily treated or prevented. Continuing low expanded programme on immunization (EPI) coverage and the high incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases have been and will continue to be an ongoing challenge to health.

Strategy The Health Cluster will target populations in line with FAO/FSNAU analysis including those in HE, AFLC and drought-affected populations, with priority given to women and children. Capacity-building will be an integral part the response to build local skills to monitor and evaluate programmes.

The Health Cluster will continue its emphasis on reproductive health interventions, including the prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and awareness raising on the impact of female genital mutilation, blood safety interventions and sexual- and gender-based violence.

25 Fully immunized children (5%); measles immunization (19%); vitamin A supplementation (24%); use of bed nets (12%); access to effective anti-malarial drugs (3%); effective management of diarrhoea (7%); effective treatment of pneumonia (32%); attendance to antenatal care (26%); attendance to deliveries by a skilled birth attendant (33%); exclusive breast feeding (13%); water treatment (22%); and appropriate weaning strategies (12%). An infant mortality rate of 96 per thousand and under-five mortality rate around 156 per thousand are among the worst in the world; being highest in South/ Central Zone. The level of maternal mortality in Somalia is extremely high, estimated to be around 1,400 per 100,000 live births. Women in Somalia have a one in 15 life-time risk of dying of pregnancy and childbirth-related causes.

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Preventive initiatives such as EPI and child survival programmes are essential. Continuing disease surveillance, epidemic preparedness and response activities are also important. Close collaboration with the WASH and Nutrition Clusters on the provision of and access to safe drinking water and nutrition therapeutic supplies, and improving environmental sanitation is anticipated. Health education and hygiene promotion is identified as one of the key activities under Health Cluster response.

Due to insecurity and the increasing fighting in some parts of Somalia, the cluster will continue to strengthen secondary and primary health care facilities for trauma and minor injuries management. Health care workers will be trained on trauma management and trauma kits will be provided to key health facilities.

Dialogue will continue within the Health Cluster to ensure health projects and activities are exclusively emergency-focused. There will also be greater discussion on how to ensure there are better linkages from emergency health to transitional planning for longer-term activities.

Monitoring The progress of individual projects and the overall progress of the Health Cluster response plan will be reviewed, analysed and shared twice yearly at regional, zonal and Nairobi levels. Inputs will be provided to the Quarterly Cluster Reports. A summary of the outcomes of the reports and review process will be documented in mid-year and end-of-year review documents for the cluster.

Regular inter-cluster joint needs assessments, identification of gaps, and monitoring are planned. Whenever possible, the Health Cluster Coordinator or representative will visit selected projects as a part of their field missions. In 2010, this will only be done on an ad-hoc basis. Peer review and monitoring will be strongly encouraged among Health Cluster agencies. Health agencies shall not only discuss the progress in the decentralized health coordination mechanisms, but also report achievements or short comings on a regular basis. The monthly Health Cluster bulletins will compile regular information about project activities and achievements, identification of gaps and gap-filling measures.

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LOGISTICS Lead Agency World Food Programme (WFP) Organizations Participating in DRC, FAO, Horn Relief, IR, NRC, OXFAM GB, Solidarités, UNHCR, Preparation of the Cluster UNICEF, WFP, WHO, World Vision (WV) Response Plan Number of Projects Three Cluster Objectives • Coordinate support to strategic services for the efficient delivery of common humanitarian assistance • Coordinated and prioritized logistical rehabilitation projects Beneficiaries 3,640,000 total: including 1,856,400 women and 1,783,600 male Somalis and about 16,800 UNHAS passengers Funds Requested $33,042,357 Funds Requested per Priority High: $33,042,357 Level Contact Information Francesco Nicolo Cornaro - [email protected]

The Logistics Cluster operates in a highly insecure environment that requires stake-holders to limit logistical risks and maintain a high degree of flexibility. These risk management tasks include advocating for more efficient supply chains to reduce the cargo storage time inside Somalia, building consensus regarding cost-effective operations and the strategic pre-positioning of supplies.

The Logistics Cluster has a checklist of actions and established networks to support emergency response. This network can be triggered to respond to rapid-onset disasters, such as floods or rapid changes in population displacement. This contingency planning process will be further developed to include greater analysis and risk management in port and aviation challenges.

Strategy The Logistics Cluster strategy for 2010 will focus on increasing engagement with member organizations to continue to provide practical logistics solutions in a challenging operating environment, including emergency preparedness. Activities will focus on: 1. Coordinated air cargo and passenger movement (UNHAS and European Commission Humanitarian Aid Office [ECHO] fleet) to access projects while minimizing costs and maintaining operational flexibility in the fleet configuration. This includes support for the selection and prioritization of airstrip rehabilitation, which is key to safe and secure access to priority locations. 2. Increased cost-effective inter-agency humanitarian shipping services from Mombasa and Djibouti ports to the three main ports in Somalia. 3. Coordinated selection and prioritization of emergency rehabilitation of key logistics infrastructure, particularly on road sections and ports that are the main humanitarian supply corridors and entry points. The focus now is on the central area and work will resume in South Somalia as the response strategy shifts its focus according to the security situation. Manoocher Deghati/2009/Cargo en route 4. Contingency plans developed for air and sea operations based on the other clusters’ response plans for 2010. 5. Expanded information base and logistics updates to inform and support humanitarian stake-holders in day-to-day operations and programming.

These five strategic areas of work provide opportunity to strengthen Somali capacity through building airstrips, roads and port emergency rehabilitation. These infrastructure projects will provide employment opportunities for the local population, and training and empowerment of local technical

42 SOMALIA teams and authorities. Port and airfield infrastructure development also serves as an important and legitimate income-generating activity.

Both direct and indirect beneficiaries have been targeted by the Logistics Cluster are this targeting is based on FAO/FSNAU analysis. On average, passenger air services transport 1,400 aid worker passengers to Somalia per month. The air service also supports beneficiaries who receive live-saving airlifted cargo. The indirect beneficiaries include all those who receive supplies through the Somali port operations.

Monitoring The Logistics Cluster intends to monitor the set objective through: • Continuing production of logistics management tools, maps, harmonized databases, operational SOPs and checklists for action. • Organizing focus meetings as required to support logistics planning. • Strengthening and continued information sharing to ensure that qualitative and quantitative information updates are available. • Engaging with partners and other clusters to provide support services as requested.

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NFI AND SHELTER Lead Agencies Chair: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) Co-chair: United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT) Organizations Participating in African Development & Emergency Organization, Centre for Education and Preparation of the Cluster Development, DRC, German Technical Cooperation (GTZ), HADO, Muslim Response Plan Aid, Norwegian Church Aid (NCA), NRC, OCHA, Oxfam Novib, Solidarités, UN-HABITAT, UNHCR, World Vision and ICRC [as observer] Number of Projects Eight Cluster Objectives • To provide life-saving assistance in the form of NFIs and shelter to the newly displaced and other vulnerable populations • To reduce vulnerability of the displaced and other vulnerable groups and prevented deterioration of their living conditions to an humanitarian emergency Beneficiaries 3,640,000 total: including 1,856,400 women and 1,783,600 male Somalis Funds Requested $58,087,544 Funds Requested per Priority High: $43,057,544 Level Medium: $8,120,500 Low: $6,909,500 Contact Information Vincent Chordi - [email protected] Akiko Kishiue - [email protected]

The total number of IDPs is estimated at 1.38 million in South/ Central, 104,000 in Puntland and 67,000 in Somaliland. Among the total figure, are the protracted IDPs who live in overcrowded settlements, mainly along the Afgooye Corridor and in Gaalkacyo and Bossaso. Living conditions for the majority of IDPs are poor due to lack of sanitation and hygiene services. While many have received emergency shelter materials, a recent assessment carried out in the Afgooye Corridor revealed that IDP structures are often made of cartons, old clothes, and broken/rusted tins. These Manoocher Deghati/2009/Overcrowding flimsy shelters pose serious health and safety hazards, and raise significant protection concerns, particularly for women and children.

Strategy The NFI and Shelter Cluster—in consultation with other clusters, local authorities, and communities— will assess the situation and plan for the coordinated delivery of:

Emergency NFIs and shelter material for the displaced: To improve the efficiency of the response, a NFI working group, composed of the main agencies involved in the procurement, storage and delivery of the various items, will review needs assessments for the overall IDP population and identify intervention priorities. Priorities will take into account the number and location of the newly displaced and the needs of people in a situation of protracted displacement and living with hosting communities. Planning will also take into account the need for regular distribution to the different groups given wear and tear of some items distributed during previous interventions. Distribution plans will then be agreed upon, taking into account availability of NFIs in different locations and the implementing capacity of partners. The working group will report to the cluster on findings, recommendations and achievements.

While monitoring and recording distribution to beneficiaries in all areas of Somalia, the cluster will also update information related to the availability of kits in Somalia and those in the pipeline. It will support the build-up of limited emergency stocks in different locations depending on the logistics capacity and security. The members of the working group will continue to strengthen the logistic capacity to transport and store the kits in close consultation with the Logistics Cluster. Agencies involved in

44 SOMALIA logistics for NFIs will coordinate efforts to strengthen existing capacity and to avoid duplication of efforts in different geographical areas.

A review of the need for kits will be carried out on a quarterly basis to identify priorities for procurement. While some agencies will continue to procure items on the local market, coordination and streamlining of international procurement on behalf of the cluster will continue to be promoted. Production of sanitary pads by Somali NGOs will continue to be promoted in close consultation with the Protection Cluster under Objective 2 – through the provision of livelihood opportunities. Initiatives to support local soap production will also be supported.

Temporary and transitional shelter solutions for displaced communities: The cluster will provide improved temporary and transitional shelters to displaced communities to improve protection from sexual and physical assaults, extreme weather conditions and fire outbreaks. These interventions will reduce congestion in the settlements, thereby facilitating community policing activities in close coordination with the local authorities. They will improve the overall environment and the population’s health and sanitary conditions.

The interventions will also reduce the risk of further displacement, as they will minimize the disruption of vulnerable families and communities, and the erosion of existing coping mechanisms. Where possible, cluster members will work with authorities and other relevant stakeholders on improved tenure options for IDPs, including advocacy campaigns on authorities’ responsibilities, landlords’ obligations (e.g. basic services on rented land), and IDPs’ rights to housing, land, and property. Further, the temporary and transitional shelter interventions will be setting the ground for sustainable urban growth and slum prevention, and eventually the full integration of IDPs. This approach is in line with the Joint UN/International NGOs Strategy for Displaced People in Somalia.

The Shelter Cluster will work closely with other clusters to promote complementary approaches to reduce vulnerability of the displaced through the improvement of their living conditions, and protection/ enhancement of their livelihoods.

Monitoring The cluster will keep track of NFI distributions in the country and will translate this information into programme planning documents (e.g. maps) for use by cluster members. Agencies will undertake regular post-distribution monitoring. The NFI and Shelter Cluster agencies will compile information on all temporary and permanent shelter actions and will undertake regular post-occupancy monitoring assessments. Monthly cluster coordination meetings will take place in Nairobi and in Somalia. Most importantly, the beneficiaries will be involved from planning stage to implementation and monitoring.

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NUTRITION Lead Agencies Chair: United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Co-chair: Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit-Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FSNAU/FAO) Organizations participating in CONCERN Worldwide, OCHA, WFP, OXFAM NOVIB, SC, CAFDARO, preparation of the Cluster Action Contre la Faim, UNICEF, FAO/FSNAU Response Plan Number of Projects 11 Cluster Objectives • Acutely malnourished children and women are treated • Women and children‘s nutritional status protected from further deterioration through integrated response to address underlying causes • Facilitated implementation of emergency and long-term strategies addressing malnutrition Beneficiaries 354,700 total: including 274,000 acutely malnourished children and 80,700 acutely malnourished pregnant and lactating women Funds Requested $41,977,303 Funds Requested per Priority High: $41,977,303 Level Contact Information Grainne Moloney - [email protected] Fitsum Assefa – [email protected]

An integrated analysis of the nutrition information indicates a varied yet alarming situation throughout Somalia (see nutrition map below). Civil insecurity, population displacement, severe and deepening drought and elevated commodity prices are the key factors contributing to the crisis. High morbidity, disease outbreaks, limited access to basic services and poor childcare practices further underpin the chronic nutrition crisis faced by the Somali populations. Generally, breastfeeding starts on day five of life and children often born with already low birth weight and stunted are then offered solids and fluids prematurely. Beliefs and practices of treating childhood illness often results in delayed treatment, meaning a much higher burden of morbidity and mortality than necessary. This translates into a major nutrition crisis manifested in the short-term through acute malnutrition and in the longer-term though stunting. Both of these conditions have a devastating impact on the economic potential and development of the population. The current analysis estimates that 285,000 children are acutely malnourished, Manoocher Deghati/2009/ Nutritional screening representing one in children under five years of age. Of this number, 70,000 are severely malnourished, representing one in 20 children under five years.26 70% of these children are in South and Central Somalia. A median rate of 30% stunting in South and Central Somalia, compared to 10% in the northwest, indicates the devastating impact of 18 years of conflict. The nutritional situation is likely to persist and potentially deteriorate unless a combination of emergency nutrition interventions, adequate integrated humanitarian response, and capacity strengthening of international and national nutrition stakeholders is undertaken in a context of improved humanitarian access.

Strategy The strategy adapted by the Nutrition Cluster to address the current situation and the operational environment is three-pronged. 27 The first objective focuses on the treatment of acute malnutrition of children under five and pregnant and lactating women. The strategy follows international nutrition protocols and the “Operational Guidelines for the Treatment of Acute Malnutrition in Somalia”, which was developed by the Nutrition Cluster (see http://ochaonline.un.org/somalia/nutrition). These guidelines take into account the challenging environment, and the challenges of reduced supervision

26 When applying the national median rate of 19% for GAM and 4.5% for SAM (WHO GS). 27 All projects meet at least one of the cluster’s response plan objectives; do not overlap with other agency projects for the same activities; agency has proven technical and logistical capacity; agency is not duplicating needs though other funding mechanism e.g. those already supported by UNICEF and WFP. Projects are prioritized based on innovativeness and the integrated nature of activities.

46 SOMALIA and limited monitoring by incorporating a more flexible blanket feeding approach in areas of high malnutrition. This approach uses a variety of products tailored to the different contexts and is implemented through non-traditional partners to increase coverage in Somalia. Further technical monitoring of feeding programmes will include supportive supervision monitoring, on-the-job training, working with third party monitors, and developing skills/capacity of NGOs who can do this on behalf of international NGOs.

The second objective aims at addressing the underlying factors that contribute to the chronic crisis, with a package of services to address micronutrient deficiencies in children and pregnant women, enhance infant and young child feeding practices, and integrate programming with the WASH, Health and Agriculture and Livelihoods Clusters.

The final objective addresses the importance of developing the capacity of in-country resources through a training strategy for Somali NGOs, new approaches to training-of-trainers through exposure visits, and development of an inventory of training needs. This capacity-building strategy will be linked to the national capacity-building strategy and the UNTP.

Currently nutrition interventions are being implemented by over 30 agencies, mostly as a result of UNICEF and WFP partnerships with international and local agencies, while a few international agencies get most of their resources from other sources. It is estimated that 70 to 75% of resources will target South and Central Somalia, considering the population density and the fact that 70% of the caseload of acutely malnourished children reside there.

The Nutrition Cluster’s target beneficiaries increased significantly in 2010. However, the funding needs estimated has reduced significantly due to the fact that the 2010 needs estimation was adjusted based on lessons learned in 2009.28 These lessons include: • 50% reduction in use of the very high-quality, high-value supplement ‘Plumpydoz’ and about 60% reduction in the ready-to-use supplementary food ‘Plumpy’. Both products require access and close supervision and documentation of results, considering they are both high value and relatively new products. • A stock balance of supplies for treatment of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) that will be available in 2010. • Revision of therapeutic supplies need (e.g. experience in 2009 shows 160 sachets of ‘Plumpynut’ are enough to treat a patent with SAM as compared to previously estimated 180 sachets per patient treated). • 75% reduction in beneficiary numbers of WFP’s Maternal and Child Health and Nutrition Programme. This preventative activity requires continuous access and close supervision to ensure integration of health and nutrition services.

Monitoring Programme updates will be provided against the proposed response implementation plan as detailed in the 3W analysis. The 3W analysis for the Nutrition Cluster will be updated on a quarterly basis. In addition, the nutrition response database will be updated bi-monthly to closely monitor admissions into the selective feeding programmes and programme performance. Gender sensitive indicators will be designed and implemented to assist in collection and analysis of data for programming purposes. The Various malnutrition guidelines will be disseminated and adherence to the guidelines will be underscored. Some 35 to 40 representative nutrition assessments will be conducted to monitor the nutritional status across the countries and the response and coverage of the various activities. A schedule of the nutrition assessments to be conducted across the countries in 2010 will be prepared and shared with the members and will be based on areas of crisis that require close monitoring. As and when new areas of crisis emerge, they will also be included in the assessment schedule. Rapid assessments will be conducted in situations where a comprehensive nutrition assessment will not be possible. In addition, programme areas with an integrated response strategy will be documented.

28 It should be noted that the projects of many international NGO members of the Nutrition Working Group/Cluster are not included in the CAP. However, they contribute to the overall strategies and objectives of the cluster.

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Extra efforts to implement and monitor against the SPHERE standards for emergency nutrition response will be made for monitoring programme quality and coverage.

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PROTECTION Lead Agencies Chair: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) Co-chair: Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) Organizations Participating in United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), ADRO-Tieglow, African Rescue Preparation of the Cluster Committee, BARRDA, BWDN, CESVI, Dialog Forening (DF), Development Response Plan Initiatives Access Link (DIAL), DRC, Gruppo Per Le Relezionni Transculturalli, HADO, Coordenação das Organizações de Serviço Voluntário (INTERSOS), MGV, Oxfam Novib, R.I, Save the Children SHARMAKE peace foundation, Save Somali Women and Children (SSWC), OCHA, UNICEF, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), UNHCR United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM), WARDI Relief and Development Initiatives, WVI, WVS Number of Projects 25 Cluster Objectives • Enhanced accuracy of knowledge of the protection environment of civilians in order to better inform and improve programmatic response and advocacy activities • Assessed and strengthened community capacity in effort to reduce vulnerabilities and increase protection • Increased access to services for those who have experienced fundamental human rights violations Beneficiaries 3,640,000 (1,856,400 women; 1,783,600 men) Somalis and population of 20,000 in the mixed migration flow, i.e. refugees, asylum-seekers, economic migrants Funds Requested $51,530,233 Funds Requested per Priority High: $30,732,680 Level Medium: $17,239,238 Low: $3,558,315 Contact Information Fatima Mohammed - [email protected] Angela Valenza - [email protected]

The Protection Monitoring Network identified physical assault, conflict-related maiming, killing, GBV, child recruitment, illegal arrests and detentions, and evictions as the main human rights violations faced by civilians in 2009. Many of these violations have been perpetrated with impunity by parties to the conflict and community members. They have had a devastating effect on Somalia’s civilian population. Approximately 3,000 human rights cases were reported and documented by PMN monitors all over Somalia.

Concerns for the protection of civilians persist. Continuous fighting in Mogadishu has resulted in disproportionately high numbers of civilian casualties. The nature of conflict, which is effectively urban warfare, is not confined to clearly identify military targets. Parties to the conflict are accused of indiscriminate shelling of residential areas, which inevitably results in civilian deaths and injuries.

GBV is on the increase throughout Somalia. Although accurate figures are not available, principally due to the high level of under-reporting, GBV remains a major protection concern, both manifested in harmful traditional practices and in acts of sexual violence against women and girls. Women and girls residing in IDP settlements or travelling are vulnerable usually because of the absence of male or clan protection. IDP women and girls, particularly those belonging to minority groups, are increasingly becoming the targets of sexual violence by youth gangs.

More evidence has emerged during 2009 of the scale and nature of child recruitment and use of children by all sides in the conflict, very often for use on the frontline. The majority of children are between 14 and 18 years of age, although there is evidence of children as young as nine years of age being recruited by insurgent groups, and recruitment often involves force or deception. Children are mostly recruited from schools, madrassas, IDP settlements, or refugee camp in neighbouring countries. There are reports of girls being recruited by insurgents to marry fighters, provide logistic support, and collect intelligence.

Strategy In support of Strategic Priority 4, the Protection Cluster will work with a focus on three objectives, which are: 1) enhancing accuracy of knowledge of the protection environment of civilians in order to

49 SOMALIA better inform and improve programmatic response and advocacy activities; 2) strengthening the capacity of communities to reduce vulnerabilities and increase protection; and 3) increasing access to services for those who have experienced fundamental human rights violations. The PMN and Population Movement Tracking (PMT) activities will continue through more than 80 Somali NGOs. While the PMN aims at tracking systematic patterns of protection concerns and informing response processes, the PMT system tracks rapid and constant movements of people. Weekly and monthly reports produced with the information collected by these systems will continue to be shared with the Protection Cluster members in order to alert concerned organizations on emerging protection issues, new areas of vulnerability, and of long-standing problems.

Under the coordination of the Protection Cluster a profiling exercise will be initiated in key locations to reach a common and comprehensive understanding of the IDP situation for protection and assistance purposes. Joint advocacy and capacity-building initiatives will be initiated and coordinated within the Protection Cluster, as required. Advocacy initiatives will also include the use of radio to sensitise Somali communities on key protection issues.

The Protection Cluster will strengthen linkages with other clusters and with the Agriculture and Livelihoods Cluster in particular to ensure greater linkages in terms of analysis between livelihood systems and protection risks. Livelihoods interventions will continue to be supported within the framework of the Protection Cluster with the aim of minimizing protection risks of targeted communities. The cluster will continue to support and strengthen multi-sector referral systems in key locations to assist people who have experienced fundamental human rights violations, with special focus on preventive and remedial GBV projects throughout 2010.

As part of the overall strategy, the Protection Cluster will provide protection and gender guidance to support the capacity-building initiatives of other clusters, sectors, and theme groups. This will be done to improve programmatic response through mainstreaming protection and gender in humanitarian response.

Protection Cluster monthly meetings at Nairobi and field level will continue to be the fora for discussion and analysis on protection issues and the planning and monitoring of protection activities. Additionally, the 3W for protection activities in Somalia will be updated monthly and shared with partners to support gaps analysis and targeting.

Monitoring Monitor and analyse in close cooperation with the field protection clusters: • Monthly 3W update for protection activities • Quarterly Protection Cluster progress reports • Implementation and impact of the protection response plan and activities review every six months

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WASH Lead Agencies Chair: United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Co-chair: OXFAM GB Organizations Participating in Agro-pastoral Development Network (APDN), CARE, Control of Preparation of the Cluster Communicable Diseases (CCD), Cooperazione e Sviluppo (CESVI), Response Plan Concern, DF, Elevate Hope Foundation (EHF), FAO/Swalim, Family Empowerment and Relief Organization (FERO), HARD-organization, Horn Relief, HRDO, INTERSOS, IR, Mandeeq, Medair, Mercy Corps, NCA, OCHA, Oxfam GB, Oxfam Novib, Peace and Human Rights Network (PHRN), RAHMO Development Organization (RAHMO), RI, Somali Peace and Development Society (SPDS), UNICEF, ZamZam Foundation Number of Projects 30 Cluster Objectives Ensure displaced and disaster-affected populations have increased and sustained access to safe water Ensure displaced and disaster-affected populations have increased access to safe and appropriate sanitation facilities Ensure displaced and disaster-affected populations have increased and sustained access to hygiene promotion Beneficiaries 4,644,355 total with multiple interventions in some cases: including 2,525,660 HE/AFLC/drought-affected; 2,004,126 IDPs; and 133,569 host communities Funds Requested $47,980,408 Funds Requested per Priority High: $40,441,005 Level Medium: $7,390,303 Low: $149,100 Contact Information Jason Snuggs - [email protected] Merdad Hakizamungu - [email protected]

Despite the best efforts of the WASH Cluster in 2009, a continued deterioration of water and sanitation conditions is likely to occur throughout 2010. Further displacement as a result of conflict and drought will add pressure to already overextended water and sanitation infrastructure, increasing breakdowns and failure, and stretching the capacity of the WASH Cluster to support the most vulnerable communities.

The number of new IDPs increased by 47% from October 2008 to October 2009. Of particular concern, the Afgooye Corridor has seen a 31% increase with more than 124,000 new IDPs residing in already over-cramped conditions along a single road. The WASH Cluster has struggled to reach SPHERE minimum standards and on average, just eight litres of water a day per person per day is available for drinking, cooking and bathing. This is half of what

SPHERE recommends in an emergency in this area. Sanitation Manoocher Deghati/2009/ coverage stands at just 35%, meaning that one latrine is shared by Water collection 110 people.29 These figures though are averages and do not tell the whole story. In reality, many IDPs have less water and many more have no access to a latrine at all. The lack of water, and more importantly sanitation, is an important public health risk, but also affects the dignity of the population, and increases the exposure of women and young girls to unnecessary threats when trying to find private places to use as a toilet. In the Afgooye Corridor, 20,000 new latrines and a doubling in the volume of water being supplied are needed to ensure the displaced population has sufficient safe access to water and sanitation. Similar conditions are also found in the many IDP sites across Somalia, particularly in Mudug, Bay, Lower and Middle Shabelle and Bossaso. Very little has been done to address the needs of these displaced populations.

29 SPHERE recommends no more than 20 people should share a latrine in an emergency.

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In Puntland and Somaliland more than 2.1 million people30 are drought-affected, and over 227,000 people are surviving on just two litres of water a day and require urgent assistance. Drought-affected populations increased by 130% from October 2008 to October 2009.31

AWD and cholera, although reduced in 2009, continue to be problematic and endemic, with over 53,000 reported cases in 2009. Communities in South and Central Somalia are particularly affected due to the low coverage of rural water and sanitation: only 11.3% of rural populations are using improved sources of drinking water and only 12.6% are using sanitary means of excreta disposal.32 The chronic burden of diarrhoea in Somalia is reflected in the poor nutritional status of the population, which has deteriorated during 2009. Analyses from nutrition surveys conducted throughout Somalia continue to show a highly significant association between diarrhoea and high rates of both acute and chronic malnutrition, with median rates of 19% for acute malnutrition, and 30% for chronic malnutrition. Even when malnourished children are rehabilitated in selective feeding centres, they are discharged home to environments that continue to expose them to illness through unsafe water and a lack of sanitation.

The deteriorating health and nutrition status of the population is confirmation of a water and sanitation sector that is outpaced by the increasing needs of communities affected by drought, conflict and displacement. Unless a concerted effort is made to rectify the poor water and sanitation situation in Somalia, little sustained health improvements will be realized.

Strategy The cluster’s strategy is a basic one that builds on lessons learned. Foremost in the strategy is the need to provide continued support to IDPs, disaster-affected people and AWD-prone communities through the operation, maintenance and chlorination of water systems. The cluster will offer extended support by building the capacity of these communities to effectively operate and maintain their own water and sanitation systems, gradually increasing the level of responsibility assumed over time.

Where insufficient access to water exists, priority will be given to the rehabilitation of water systems rather than the construction of new ones, since this can be done for a fraction of the cost. In all areas, but especially those prone to drought, rainwater harvesting techniques will be used, thereby decreasing costly water trucking activities and the communities’ dependence on external assistance during times of drought.

Sanitation activities will be prioritized for IDPs, disaster-affected people and AWD-prone populations where there are high risks of diarrhoeal disease outbreaks due to severe overcrowding and poor access to water and sanitation. To reduce the occurrence and severity of AWD and cholera outbreaks, communities, through training and support, will be encouraged to chlorinate their water sources or adopt appropriate household water treatment techniques.

In order to reinforce the need for sustainable management and chlorination of existing WASH systems by community members, all WASH projects will include a hygiene promotion component that seeks to build the capacity of influential community members, and support them to disseminate key hygiene messages. For vulnerable communities such as IDPs, soap will be distributed to reinforce the adoption of safe hygiene practices.

The cluster will prioritize WASH activities that have a demonstrable positive impact on the livelihoods of disaster-affected communities to increase their ability to cope with adversity. Similarly, projects that complement Nutrition, Health and Education Cluster activities, such as WASH support for selective feeding centres, medical waste and sanitation disposal and school sanitation and hygiene promotion, will be given special consideration. The cluster will increase coordination between these clusters on

30 Somaliland and Puntland Government figures. 31 FAO/FSNAU Post Gu 2008 and 2009 Technical Series. 32 UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2006, 11.3% and 12.6% represents rural access to improved sources of drinking water and sanitation for all Somalia.

52 SOMALIA assessments, strategies, and results, particularly where activities may overlap, e.g. school hygiene promotion, AWD response, and child health days.

In parallel with short-term activities, the cluster will adopt longer-term strategies that include the development of an AWD response plan, mapping of existing functioning and non-functioning water sources as part of assessments, monitoring groundwater levels and quality to assess groundwater depletion, and hydro-geological surveys prior to the construction of new boreholes. The cluster will promote the use of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) surveys to measure the impact of emergency WASH activities.

Key to the success of the WASH Cluster is effective coordination, and the cluster will strengthen its role by identifying gaps, through WASH 3W, increasing field level coordination through WASH focal points and WASH coordination meetings in strategic areas, increased coordination with government institutions where possible, joint assessments, and adoption and adherence to WASH Cluster guidelines. The cluster will encourage the sharing of lessons learned by disseminating and discussing project evaluations and KAP surveys.

Monitoring Monitoring of WASH activities is essential to establish a common frame of reference for effective coordination. The clusters ability to effectively monitoring activities will be enhanced through: • The adoption of WASH Cluster Activity Map and cluster guideline monitoring tools as a common approach to monitoring project activities, progress and results. • Use of standard beneficiary numbers for various WASH infrastructures. • Use of mass media to inform communities of their entitlements under planned WASH projects. • Development of an external complaints reporting mechanism that allows intended beneficiaries to air grievances and failures in service delivery. • Training of WASH partners on KAP and basic WASH survey methodologies to promote the collection of baseline and end-of-project data. • WASH Cluster field focal points and monthly coordination meetings will be held in Hargeysa, Bossaso, Garowe, Gaalkacyo, Belet Weyne, Jowhar, Mogadishu, Waajid, Bu'aale, Baidoa, and Garbahaarey to monitor activities at the field level.

4.5 Coordination structures Humanitarian coordination in Somalia is structured around the IASC and the Inter-Cluster Working Group (ICWG). These groups interact with the donor community and other external structures. Although significant improvements were made in 2009, coordination in Somalia remains complicated and further improvements and streamlining of efforts are planned for 2010.

The IASC is the humanitarian policy body for Somalia, bringing together UN and NGO humanitarian actors. The terms of reference for the IASC were updated and revalidated in 2009 to include seven UN and seven NGO members and five observers. The new focal point for the NGO consortium was added as an observer in July. Since humanitarian access has been the greatest challenge in 2009, the IASC has addressed several issues related to access and humanitarian principles. The Advisory Note on Practical Considerations for Negotiations offers guidance to the humanitarian community on negotiating humanitarian access. Work to develop a set of agreed principles, methods of working, and responses to threats to humanitarian space in Somalia will continue in 2010. For the first time in a long time, the Somalia and Kenya IASCs met to specifically discuss cross-border concerns and challenges and the groups agreed to work towards a coherent advocacy strategy and possible joint programming.

The IASC oversees the CAP and the cluster system and issued a number of guidance notes and agreements in this capacity. These include an agreement on IDP population estimates and satellite

53 SOMALIA image procurement for Greater Mogadishu; agreement on the number of clusters operationalized on an annual basis; guidance to the clusters on their “minimum deliverables”; and criteria for project inclusion in the CAP. The IASC meets with the donor community on a regular basis to highlight key developments and challenges and, as in the case of the drought, to call for urgent funding for response in specific clusters.

The ICWG brings together cluster chairs to discuss operational issues and to facilitate cross-cluster complementarities. This body coordinated responses to the new displacement from Mogadishu and engaged in a flood contingency planning process at the end of 2009. There are currently nine clusters coordinating the humanitarian response in Somalia. The clusters formalized and strengthened many of their processes in 2009 and further improvement is expected in 2010. In 2009, most clusters developed a network of regional field cluster focal points to lead coordination efforts in the field and strengthen the communication lines between the field-level and Nairobi clusters: an important achievement been enhanced mapping of organizations, activities and locations. Updates can be found at: http://ochaonline.un.org/somalia/. The clusters also established cluster review procedures for HRF and Consolidated Appeal Process (CAP) proposals.

4.6 Strategic monitoring plan

4.6.1 STRATEGIC INDICATORS AND DATA COLLECTION SYSTEM The CAP 2010 monitoring strategy is a three-tiered framework that will measure the overall strategic objectives of the CAP and form the basis for operational and policy decision-making for the humanitarian community in Somalia. The strategy will incorporate real-time monitoring at the project level that leads up to rigorous semi-annual reviews of the collective work of the humanitarian community. The strategy is a product of lessons learned from the monitoring processes in 2009 and a recognition of the synergies that can be created from monitoring at distinct levels and the story that each of these levels can tell. It is also based on the need for the tools for measuring strategic priorities to be rooted in the cluster response plans. In order for the cluster response plans to form a key element of the monitoring strategy, the process for creation and the final product was scrutinized to a higher level than seen before. The plans were created by a quorum of cluster members and vetted by the cluster at large, including clear deliverables that relied more on tangible output indicators rather than process indicators to measure success.

The overarching objectives and benchmarks for the CAP 2010 have been articulated in four strategic priorities for humanitarian action in Somalia (see section 4.2, Strategic Priorities for Humanitarian Response in 2010). These strategic priorities are given operational definition in the nine cluster response plans. Each of the plans includes a minimum of two objectives with links to at least one of the four overarching strategic priorities, along with indicators and targets for each objective to be reported against during the bi-annual reviews at mid-year and end-of-year.

The CAP will be monitored according to the thee-tiered framework described below and supplemented with evaluations as needed: 1. Projects will be monitored by the appealing agency and regular updates will be submitted to the clusters. 2. Cluster activity will be monitored within the cluster monitoring strategy of the individual cluster response plans. The results will be summarized and reported back for Quarterly Cluster Updates and aggregated for a review of performance against the mid-year and end-year targets. The FAO/FSNAU bi-annual seasonal analysis will support findings through field surveys to define needs and identify vulnerable populations. Success of gender and capacity- building cross-cutting issues will be monitored by the Gender Focal Point Network and FAO, respectively. 3. Strategic priorities will be monitored through the CAP, using identified cluster performance indicators and targets as the scorecard (See section 4.6 Strategic Monitoring Plan). OCHA will

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support analysis and make recommendations for strategic decision-making, resource mobilization and prioritization of humanitarian action.

The strength of the three-tiered monitoring strategy is in the natural linkages between project monitoring, cluster monitoring and the culmination of strategic priority monitoring, and in its connectivity to field operations. In a joint meeting on 2 July 2009, the IASC and ICWG endorsed a set of Cluster Minimum Deliverables and formalized this connection, with agreed targets for strategic planning and monitoring, information management, field clusters, meetings, standards and guidelines. This agreement created the field cluster focal point network, defined expectations from the cluster chairs and supported priority activities of four cluster support officers, see http://ochaonline.un.org/OchaLinkClick.aspx?link=ocha&docId=1131227.

Date collection and conventional monitoring will continue to be challenge in Somalia due to the operational context. Remote operations, reliance on Somali staff and implementing partners, and short missions into areas, when security permits, are not ideal conditions to assess if targets are met. However, several new and ongoing monitoring and evaluation improvements at both field and Nairobi levels have been made. Donor flexibility toward response monitoring is required as monitoring improvements are implemented.

The Afgooye Corridor is home to an estimated 524,000 IDPs. Over 150,000 of these IDPs arrived in the corridor since May 2009, mainly fleeing Mogadishu-based violence. Humanitarian access into the Afgooye Corridor is a significant challenge and international agencies have only visited on a handful of occasions for a few hours at a time. Despite access constraints, the humanitarian community has delivered significant services in the corridor. Over the course of 2009, the WASH Cluster provided an average of 8.1 litres per person per day. The NFI and Shelter Cluster distributed NFI kits benefiting 147,000 individuals. A large amount of emergency food aid was distributed along the corridor and the Health and Nutrition Clusters provided a range of essential services. However, significant gaps remain. Sanitation is a particular concern with 3,000 additional latrines required to bring the corridor to a fifty people per one stance ratio.

The 2009 monitoring plan sought to capture this evidence of effective response with three evaluations, one being in the Afgooye Corridor. However, due to access constraints and the very collaborative nature of such an ambitious evaluation, the Afgooye Corridor evaluation is still in the preliminary stages of securing consent to the terms of reference, and the remaining evaluations never came to fruition. The 2010 evaluation plan, tempered with the realities of such an undertaking in Somalia, will see the completion of the Afgooye Corridor evaluation and an additional evaluation yet to be determined. These two evaluations will provide valuable lessons on programming and practical case studies on the efficacy of humanitarian action in Somalia.

4.6.2 LOGICAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE AND MONITORING The Strategic Priorities for 2010 are similar to those developed and endorsed by the IASC in 2009 with more refined indicators grounded in the cluster response plans. The selection of strategic indicators to monitor follows two criteria: first, to continue monitoring a set of indicators similar to 2009 in an effort to assess trends over time; and second, to capitalize on the availability of field-based data and information provided by regular reporting mechanisms. Together the selection will form the basis for performance analysis at the mid-year and end-of-year cycle. The Strategic Priorities Monitoring Matrix, displayed below, summarizes indicators derived from the 2010 Cluster Response Plans (see section 4.4 Cluster Response Plans).

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2010 Somalia Strategic Priorities Monitoring Matrix 2010 Strategic # Cluster Objective 2010 Indicator Responsible Cluster Priority Women and children ‘s nutritional status protected from further deterioration 1 GAM and SAM rates do not deteriorate from 2009 median rates Nutrition (Food Aid) through integrated response to address underlying causes To provide life-saving family rations to those identified as HE and if possible Provide life-saving 2 Number of people assisted with a full ration (disaggregated by sex) Food Aid humanitarian services to AFLC, to protect assets and prevent asset depletion 910,000 people living in Coordinate support to strategic services for the efficient delivery of common 3 Cargo storage time in common facility is reduced Logistics Humanitarian Emergency humanitarian assistance (HE) and the most Provide integrated emergency livelihoods support to 910,000 people living in Number, disaggregated by age and sex, of people able to access emergency 4 Agriculture and Livelihoods vulnerable of the 1.55 Humanitarian Emergency and 1.55m Internally Displaced People in Somalia livelihoods assistance million internally displaced To provide life-saving assistance in the form of NFIs and shelter to the newly Percent of target beneficiaries assisted with NFIs and emergency shelter items 5 NFIs and Shelter people (IDPs). displaced and other vulnerable populations (disaggregated by sex) % acutely malnourished children and pregnant and lactating (P/L) caseload have 6 Acutely malnourished children and women are treated Nutrition (Food Aid) access to and use quality emergency nutrition services Protect and increase the 7 Number of people in HE and AFLC FAO/FSNAU social, economic, and environmental assets of 3.64 million people in crisis by means of livelihood-based Provide and protect productive livelihoods assets for 1,180,000 people in humanitarian Number, disaggregated by age and sex, of vulnerable people/House Hold 8 Acute Food and Livelihood Crisis in order to prevent them from sliding into Agriculture and Livelihoods programming, with a provided with productive livelihood assets Humanitarian Emergency focus on women, youth and those in acute food and livelihood crisis (AFLC), to prevent further deterioration into HE. Increased life-saving and peace building information/activities integrated into Number of individuals enrolled in and benefiting from cross-cutting education 9 emergency education programmes to reduce risk for IDPs and other vulnerable curriculum (integrating WASH, health, nutrition) information, disaggregated by Education Provide vulnerable populations sex populations with a To provide emergency health assistance including high impact, critical life- Provision of primary health care services within 2 km of IDP settlements with 10 Health minimum package of saving services for women and children in IDP and host communities more than 10 000 population, including host communities basic services, with Number of children under five and women of child-bearing age reached twice in specific sensitivity to 11 a year with child health days interventions (more than 90% of under fives and Health women’s needs, through more than 70% of women of the total population) engagement of To reduce vulnerability of the displaced and other vulnerable groups and 12 Percent of target beneficiaries provided with temporary and transitional shelter NFIs and Shelter communities and, where prevented deterioration of their living conditions to an humanitarian emergency possible, building of local Ensure IDP and disaster-affected populations have increased access to safe Number of targeted beneficiaries, disaggregated by sex, with increased access 13 WASH capacities. appropriate sanitation facilities to sanitation facilities Ensure IDP and disaster-affected populations have increased and sustained Number of targeted beneficiaries, disaggregated by sex, with access to safe 14 WASH access to safe water. water through supported operation, maintenance and chlorination Assessed and strengthened community capacity in effort to reduce Increase number of those who have experienced fundamental human rights 15 Protection Strengthen the protective vulnerabilities and increase protection violations accessing services (data disaggregated by age and sex) environment for Number (data disaggregated by age and sex) of vulnerable people/households Protection (Agriculture 16 vulnerable populations, provided with productive livelihood assets and Livelihoods) with a particular focus on Number of capacity-building and emergency preparedness actions taken for Strengthen the capacity of vulnerable communities to better cope with ongoing women and youth, 17 vulnerable communities and service providers to enable better response to Agriculture and Livelihoods and future shocks through advocacy, ongoing and future shocks community mobilization, Increased life-saving and peace building information /activities integrated into Number of children benefiting from school-based child protection activities, and access to services. 18 emergency education programmes to reduce risk for IDPs and other vulnerable Education disaggregated by sex populations

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4.7 Criteria for selection and prioritization of projects Cluster chairs were responsible for ensuring the first-level screening of all projects against the criteria endorsed by the IASC. The HC and IASC also screened projects for final approval before inclusion in the CAP. Clusters have also strengthened project programming and partnerships through rigorous project vetting. The result has been less geographic overlap of activities and new linkages between large international programmes and smaller Somali NGOs.

Criteria for the inclusion of projects: Each project was required to fulfil eight criteria in order to be included in the humanitarian strategy for 2010. 1. The project is in line with CAP strategic priorities and cluster objectives. 2. The project is based on assessed needs. 3. Where applicable the project is designed in coordination with other aid agencies to avoid duplication. 4. In particular, the submitting organization commits to regularly share information with the relevant clusters and to ensure its activities appear in the ‘Who does What Where’ (3W) tables or activity matrices of the relevant clusters. 5. The project is realistic, cost-effective, and meets technical standards as agreed by the cluster. The project presents a clear objective, which can be reached during the project duration (usually until the end of 2010). 6. The organization has a recognized capacity to implement the project and/or proven track record. The cluster makes this determination and, where disputed, the HC/IASC. 7. The project includes a monitoring and evaluation mechanism and agrees to be monitored by the cluster. 8. The project does not appear in both the UN Transitional Plan and the CAP.

Criteria for project prioritization All projects were prioritized by the cluster into high, medium or low during the project vetting exercise. At a minimum, the ICWG and IASC agreed that four criteria were to be applied during prioritization: 1. Cluster-specific criteria (critical/life-saving interventions, technical considerations). 2. Level of emergency (AFLC, HE, IDP). 3. Areas with additional exacerbating factors (i.e. food shortage, recent displacement). 4. Track record/assessed capacity of the implementing agency.

Several clusters applied a more robust model with detailed cluster-specific criteria and score sheets.33 Projects will be reviewed three times a year: during CAP planning and after the two FAO/FSNAU seasonal assessments.

Ninety-three percent of the 2010 CAP projects (162) have a capacity-building element which reflects the common strategy to continue to strengthen local partners’ ability to implement and monitor project activities. Ninety-five percent of the projects (165) have a gender component, which at minimum includes reporting disaggregated beneficiaries figures. This has been mainstreamed through the Gender Focal Point Network. A total of 66 projects have links to the UN Transitional Plan (37%). This trend is important and demonstrates that sectors and clusters increasingly have complementary projects, harmonizing emergency to early recovery interventions.

4.8 Methods The CAP document is the planning, coordination, monitoring and fund-raising framework for humanitarian action in Somalia. As such, it will function as a tool to: • Plan integrated strategic and operational responses in 2010. • Coordinate humanitarian action at the Somalia and Nairobi-level through the IASC and ICWG structures. • Monitor strategic priorities, cluster objectives, indicators and targets. • Raise funds against clearly defined requirements based on common planning strategies.

33 Education, Agriculture and Livelihoods, Nutrition, NFI and Shelter and WASH.

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5. CONCLUSION

Eighteen years of conflict and recurrent environmental and climatic calamities have taken their toll on the people of Somalia. Reversing the cumulative damage of Somalia’s recent history will take time, a strategic approach and serious investment. In 2010, humanitarian action will focus on delivering life- saving emergency aid to the most vulnerable and protecting livelihoods, preserving assets and strengthening local coping capacities.

As was the case in 2009, a flexible approach will be used to conduct humanitarian operations in Somalia. Working where and when possible will allow the humanitarian community to seize opportunities to provide assistance despite complex and dynamic access constraints. Humanitarian negotiations with all parties to the conflict will continue to be the main approach to access populations in need. Regular contingency planning, that links local plans to response structures will improve local capacity to respond.

Priorities and needs will be jointly assessed at least twice yearly through FAO/FSNAU seasonal surveys and analysis. The results will inform changes to activities to ensure that the most urgent needs remain prioritized. Linkages from emergency to transitional programmes will continue to ensure a complementary approach with no overlap in activities.

The cluster system provides the framework to implement and monitor the cluster response plans and the prioritization of activities. The IASC and ICWG will continue to tackle strategic issues that affect the quality and timeliness of humanitarian action. Targeting in 2010 will be improved through inter- cluster coordination to ensure a quality package of services and aid is provided to those most in need. Rigorous project vetting, harmonization of like interventions and partnership between international and Somali actors will also improve delivery of assistance and services.

Recognizing that many aspects of humanitarian action will be conducted remotely, a key priority for 2010 will be capacity-building of Somali partners and counterparts. A common capacity-building strategy with a monitoring component will be developed over the course of the year. This focused approach will be crucial to transfer skills to national partners, and will improve delivery of assistance, accountability, and preparedness for any future crisis.

The Somalia 2010 CAP requests $689 million for emergency humanitarian response. The humanitarian needs are three times what they were in 2007; however the 2010 CAP requirements are only twice the amount received in 2007. The humanitarian community is deeply concerned that the lack of funding in 2009 will continue into 2010, posing a significant challenge to humanitarian action.

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ANNEX I. CLUSTER RESPONSE PLANS IN LOGFRAME FORMAT

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ANNEX II. LIST OF PROJECTS (WITH HYPERLINKS TO OPEN FULL PROJECT DETAILS)

TABLE IV. Appealing Requirements Project code Project title Priority agency ($) (click on code to open full project sheet) AGRICULTURE AND LIVELIHOODS SOM-10/A/28838/8027 Broad-based improved food security for the poor in CEFA 250,000 A. HIGH Somalia SOM-10/A/28892/8868 Quick livelihood support through asset transfer and CPD 1,590,600 A. HIGH employment creation activities in Caadado district SOM-10/A/28904/123 Emergency support to pastoral and agro-pastoral FAO 11,457,500 A. HIGH communities in humanitarian emergency and acute food and livelihood crises SOM-10/A/28914/123 Improve food security of the most vulnerable farming FAO 4,587,000 A. HIGH households in the Hiran, Bakol, Gedo and Middle Shabelle regions by increasing agricultural production through the provision of basic agricultural inputs SOM-10/A/28926/123 Strengthening the capacity of the IASC Agriculture and FAO 1,650,000 A. HIGH Livelihoods cluster to effectively coordinate response to emergencies in Somalia SOM-10/A/28937/123 Somalia Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit FAO 3,550,000 A. HIGH (FSNAU) 2010 SOM-10/A/28963/5362 Oxfam Novib enhanced integrated livelihoods project OXFAM 500,000 A. HIGH Netherlands (NOVIB) SOM-10/A/28971/8015 Improve crop production In poor agro pastoralists in PENHA 286,026 A. HIGH Sool region SOM-10/A/29026/8015 Livelihood recovery project for drought-affected PENHA 471,352 A. HIGH communities in coastal and mountainous areas of Erigavo District, Sanaag region SOM-10/A/29029/7515 Provision of basic livelihood services to drought- SADO 704,960 A. HIGH affected pastoralists and IDPs in Galgaduud region SOM-10/A/29043/776 Immediate improvement of livelihoods, support to UNDP 2,974,600 A. HIGH productive and degraded infrastructure and community flood mitigation SOM-10/A/29059/8000 Promotion of appropriate dry land farming techniques ASEP 500,000 A. HIGH among internally displaced persons (IDPs) and host communities in the Gedo region SOM-10/A/29070/8000 Restoration of productive livelihood assets for drought ASEP 300,000 A. HIGH impoverished pastoralists: Gedo Emergency livestock re-distribution Intervention SOM-10/A/29078/7038 Rain and ground water development project VETAID 678,400 A. HIGH SOM-10/A/29088/7038 Livestock redistribution to drought-affected pastoralists VETAID 564,000 A. HIGH project SOM-10/A/29096/5587 Water supply for livestock in drought stricken areas of VSF (Germany) 300,000 A. HIGH Nugal and Mudug SOM-10/A/29108/5110 Somalia livestock emergency and support program VSF 496,000 A. HIGH (Switzerland) SOM-10/A/29117/8937 Emergency livelihood support to vulnerable internally WOCCA 615,000 A. HIGH displaced persons (IDPs) and host communities in Middle and Lower Shabelle regions of Somalia SOM-10/A/29122/5527 Emergency livelihood support to vulnerable IDPs and NCA 616,000 A. HIGH people facing humanitarian emergency in Somalia SOM-10/A/29165/13150 Food security and livelihoods enhancement for HIDO 103,500 A. HIGH pastoralists in food crisis in Mudug region SOM-10/A/29171/13152 Support to livelihoods enabling interventions in Hiran GEELO 350,790 A. HIGH region through rehabilitation of livelihoods infrastructure SOM-10/A/29174/13147 Improvement of living standard for vulnerable farmers GREDO 379,099 A. HIGH SOM-10/A/29175/8377 Support in improvement of crop production capacity ADO 123,756 A. HIGH and income generation for agro-pastoral communities In Togdheer region SOM-10/A/29176/13158 Integrated support for livelihood of 750 households in ADRO 132,850 A. HIGH Tielgow district of Bakool region SOM-10/A/29177/13149 Agriculture and livelihood security in Sool region SVO 273,000 A. HIGH

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Appealing Requirements Project code Project title Priority agency ($) SOM-10/A/29179/13151 Incorporated cash for work and productive assets ARDO 227,879 A. HIGH rehabilitation/transfer in support of populations in food security crisis in Harardere district of South Mudug SOM-10/A/29180/13159 Nugal pastoralists integrated emergency drought KAALO Aid 499,550 A. HIGH response and livelihoods support SOM-10/ER/28897/5181 Improving the self-reliance of conflict-affected DRC 779,645 A. HIGH populations and the resilience of their livelihoods in South-Central Somalia SOM-10/ER/28949/8873 Increase the purchasing power of disaster-affected Hijra 1,710,000 A. HIGH people to enable then meet their minimum food needs and non food items at the same time protect the productive livelihoods assets in Banadir and Lower Shabelle SOM-10/ER/28954/5104 Promoting livelihoods through employment creation ILO 950,000 A. HIGH SOM-10/ER/28959/5104 Promoting livelihoods through employment creation ILO 1,300,676 A. HIGH SOM-10/ER/29032/776 Employment Generation for Early Recovery (EGER) UNDP 3,766,400 A. HIGH Sub total for AGRICULTURE AND LIVELIHOODS 42,688,583 CLUSTER NOT YET SPECIFIED SOM-10/SNYS/29199/8487 Somalia Humanitarian Response Fund (projected ERF (OCHA) - A. HIGH needs $20,000,000) Sub total for CLUSTER NOT YET SPECIFIED - EDUCATION SOM-10/E/28794/5584 Enhancing access to education for internally displaced AET 1,031,915 A. HIGH people in emergency locations in Somalia SOM-10/E/28813/6079 Emergency education for access, quality and SC 483,319 B. protection of vulnerable children in Hiran Region MEDIUM SOM-10/E/28819/5816 Strengthening capacity of pre-primary and primary CISP 500,000 A. HIGH schools in Galgaduud and South Mudug (South Central Somalia) to include extremely vulnerable children (IDPs, girls, children at risk) and become life saving and peace building centres SOM-10/E/28821/5816 Access to non-formal emergency education as life- CISP 258,265 B. saving measure for conflict affected young people at MEDIUM risk in Galgaduud (with special focus on Internally Displaced Persons, women and youth at risk of recruitment in armed groups) SOM-10/E/28830/5582 Life-saving emergency education for Afgooye internally IAS 663,600 A. HIGH displaced children SOM-10/E/28837/5582 Protection of vulnerable internally displaced youth in IAS 449,000 C. LOW emergencies in Nugaal and Mudug through training SOM-10/E/28842/8939 Provision of primary education for children affected by CED 436,310 C. LOW emergencies in Middle Shabelle and Lower Shabelle regions with a special focus on internally displaced persons/ girls SOM-10/E/28847/5660 Enhancing the quality of primary education for INTERSOS 628,090 A. HIGH emergency affected children in South Central Somalia SOM-10/E/28848/5527 Emergency education response in South Central NCA 880,000 A. HIGH Somalia SOM-10/E/28852/6079 Education cluster coordination SC 232,380 B. MEDIUM SOM-10/E/28860/6079 Supporting education for children in emergency- SC 858,000 C. LOW affected areas SOM-10/E/28864/5103 Support to emergency education system through UNESCO 394,050 C. LOW strengthening teaching and local education authorities’ capacities SOM-10/E/28918/8058 Support for emergency education for the children IRW 663,880 A. HIGH affected by protracted conflict in Lower Shabelle and Afgooye Corridor SOM-10/E/28945/124 Providing educational opportunities and protection for UNICEF 7,935,860 A. HIGH vulnerable children affected by drought, conflict and poverty in Somalia SOM-10/E/28946/5660 Support through vocational training and creation of INTERSOS 251,450 A. HIGH skills the new Somali generation for the start up of new income generating activities as a valid alternative to the recruitment in armed groups SOM-10/E/28950/8502 Integrated emergency education support project WVI 2,428,348 B. MEDIUM SOM-10/E/28962/5128 Emergency primary education for children affected by CESVI 458,000 A. HIGH the conflict in Hiran Region

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Appealing Requirements Project code Project title Priority agency ($) SOM-10/E/28977/8058 Emergency education support for internally displaced IRW 851,858 B. children in Puntland MEDIUM SOM-10/E/28981/5834 Alternative Basic Education for the displaced and NRC 3,500,000 B. returnee children in Somaliland, Puntland and South MEDIUM Central SOM-10/E/28987/5492 Primary education support in Northern Gedo Trocaire 535,957 A. HIGH Sub total for EDUCATION 23,440,282 ENABLING PROGRAMMES SOM-10/CSS/29160/119 Humanitarian Coordination and Advocacy in Somalia OCHA 6,728,561 A. HIGH SOM-10/S/29183/5139 Creation of a Security Information and Operations UNDSS 805,475 B. Centre (SIOC) For Somalia MEDIUM SOM-10/S/29184/5139 Somalia Pre-Deployment Security Awareness Field UNDSS 634,076 A. HIGH Training (SSAFE-SOM) SOM-10/S/29187/5139 Increasing Security Presence and Information in the UNDSS 477,263 A. HIGH Field SOM-10/S/29189/5139 Security Aircraft in Support of Relief Operations in UNDSS 1,979,500 A. HIGH Somalia SOM-10/S/29190/5139 Establishing a Stress Counsellor’s Office UNDSS 488,847 A. HIGH Sub total for ENABLING PROGRAMMES 11,113,722 FOOD AID SOM-10/F/27084/561 Food Aid for Emergency Relief and Protection of WFP 324,666,897 A. HIGH Livelihoods SOM-10/F/28940/5181 Provision of prepared food aid (cooked meals) to DRC 8,036,417 A. HIGH conflict effected people in Mogadishu, Somalia Sub total for FOOD AID 332,703,314 HEALTH SOM-10/H/29021/5128 Support for emergency primary health in Belet Weyne CESVI 417,600 C. LOW District SOM-10/H/29028/5128 Ensure Access to Quality Emergency Health Services CESVI 430,080 C. LOW in Rural Areas of South Mudug SOM-10/H/29030/5816 Support and strengthen the existing primary and health CISP 452,600 B. care services in Galcad, Eldere and Xarardheere MEDIUM districts SOM-10/H/29031/5167 To respond to the emergency health needs of the Bay COOPI 468,981 B. region populations providing health support to the MEDIUM Baidoa Regional Hospital based on our previous intervention SOM-10/H/29036/5167 To respond to the emergency health needs of the COOPI 401,836 B. Awdal region populations providing health support to MEDIUM the Boroma Regional Hospital based on our previous intervention. SOM-10/H/29038/5167 To respond to the emergency health needs of the COOPI 425,291 B. Togdheer region populations providing health support MEDIUM to the Burco Regional Hospital based on our previous intervention. SOM-10/H/29040/5572 Strengthen the access to Primary and Secondary care COSV 438,200 C. LOW services in Elwak district, Gedo Region SOM-10/H/29044/5572 Strengthen Reproductive Health Services in Lower COSV 312,190 B. Shabelle Region through the provision of basic MEDIUM Emergency Obstetrics and Neonatal Care (EmONC) and referral for comprehensive EmONC SOM-10/H/29047/5572 Strengthen secondary health care services in Lower COSV 612,736 B. Shabelle (SCZ Somalia) MEDIUM SOM-10/H/29051/5660 Enhancing health services in Middle Shabelle through INTERSOS 794,160 B. health centres and mobile teams MEDIUM SOM-10/H/29061/8615 Provision of Emergency Health Assistance to IDPs in IIRO 840,500 B. Afgooye Corridor MEDIUM SOM-10/H/29063/8615 Provision of strengthened primary health care services IIRO 570,000 B. to the IDPs and host communities in Mudug region, MEDIUM Puntland SOM-10/H/29065/8772 Access to primary health care for vulnerable MDM France 532,000 C. LOW populations in Bossaso, in particular women, migrants, IDPs, refugees and poor urban population. SOM-10/H/29069/8772 Delivering Vital Primary Health Care Service for IDPs MDM France 960,000 C. LOW and Host Community in Marka Lower Shabelle - Somalia

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Appealing Requirements Project code Project title Priority agency ($) SOM-10/H/29072/5095 Integrated Emergency Preparedness and Rural Health MEDAIR 361,940 B. in Middle Shabelle, Somalia MEDIUM SOM-10/H/29074/5095 Integrated Emergency Health Programme in urban MEDAIR 915,486 B. Burco, urban Berbera and rural southern Togdheer, MEDIUM Somaliland SOM-10/H/29079/5195 Emergency Primary Health Care provision in Awdal, MERLIN 699,262 B. Zeylac District Somaliland MEDIUM SOM-10/H/29082/5195 Emergence health care provision in Elbur district, MERLIN 550,474 B. Galgaduud region MEDIUM SOM-10/H/29085/5195 Emergency primary health care provision in Nugaal MERLIN 571,380 B. and Mudug regions in Puntland MEDIUM SOM-10/H/29104/5370 Primary Health Care Project for Sanaag Muslim Aid 262,500 B. MEDIUM SOM-10/H/29110/8502 Support to Primary Health Care activities in Awdal and WVI 544,500 B. Wogooyi Galbeed regions of Somaliland MEDIUM SOM-10/H/29112/8502 Emergency support to Primary Health care activities in WVI 434,000 B. Middle Juba region of South Central Somalia MEDIUM SOM-10/H/29115/8502 Support to Integrated Primary Health Care services in WVI 772,000 B. Bay and Bakool Regions of South Central Somalia MEDIUM SOM-10/H/29118/122 Extension of emergency health care and life-saving WHO 994,565 B. services, including emergency surgical procedures in MEDIUM Somalia, including to conflict-affected communities SOM-10/H/29121/122 Ensuring the availability and safety of blood for use in WHO 866,318 B. emergency life-saving services in conflict-affected MEDIUM areas of South Central Somalia SOM-10/H/29125/122 Outbreak control and response of communicable WHO 3,636,930 A. HIGH diseases in emergency health settings including IDP camps and settlements in Somalia SOM-10/H/29125/5195 Outbreak control and response of communicable MERLIN 399,110 A. HIGH diseases in emergency health settings including IDP camps and settlements in Somalia SOM-10/H/29127/122 Health cluster coordination and emergency WHO 1,134,200 A. HIGH preparedness in Somalia (Somaliland - Save the Children and WHO, Puntland - Merlin and WHO, South Central - WHO) SOM-10/H/29127/5195 Health cluster coordination and emergency MERLIN 217,852 A. HIGH preparedness in Somalia (Somaliland - Save the Children and WHO, Puntland - Merlin and WHO, South Central - WHO) SOM-10/H/29127/6079 Health cluster coordination and emergency SC 608,350 A. HIGH preparedness in Somalia (Somaliland - Save the Children and WHO, Puntland - Merlin and WHO, South Central - WHO) SOM-10/H/29135/122 Provision of life-saving quality primary health services WHO 2,836,520 A. HIGH to reduce death and disability among vulnerable and host communities through de-centralised facility-based services and outreach. SOM-10/H/29135/124 Provision of life-saving quality primary health services UNICEF 5,455,000 A. HIGH to reduce death and disability among vulnerable and host communities through de-centralised facility-based services and outreach. SOM-10/H/29142/122 Mass provision of a package of evidence-based low WHO 6,166,410 A. HIGH cost highly effective life saving public health interventions to reduce death and disability among women and children under 5 SOM-10/H/29142/124 Mass provision of a package of evidence-based low UNICEF 6,864,960 A. HIGH cost highly effective life saving public health interventions to reduce death and disability among women and children under 5 SOM-10/H/29147/1171 Reducing maternal and neonatal deaths and UNFPA 748,000 A. HIGH disabilities through provision of quality emergency obstetric care (EmOC) and essential reproductive health (RH) services including ending obstetric fistula care services in Somalia focusing on conflict-affected population SOM-10/H/29147/122 Reducing maternal and neonatal deaths and WHO 953,370 A. HIGH disabilities through provision of quality emergency obstetric care (EmOC) and essential reproductive health (RH) services including ending obstetric fistula care services in Somalia focusing on conflict-affected population SOM-10/H/29151/6079 Integrated Health services delivery project in Sool, SC 738,262 B. Sanag and Togdheer regions MEDIUM

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Appealing Requirements Project code Project title Priority agency ($) SOM-10/H/29153/6079 Integrated Health services delivery project in Kakaar SC 727,650 B. (Bari) region MEDIUM SOM-10/H/29156/13154 Emergency Primary Health care Support for the SCDF 160,000 B. Vulnerable population in Hobyo District, South MEDIUM Gaalkacyo SOM-10/H/29159/13170 Strengthening health services in Dhuusamarreeb SAHED 200,000 B. Hospital MEDIUM SOM-10/H/29159/5816 Strengthening health services in Dhuusamarreeb CISP 200,000 B. Hospital MEDIUM SOM-10/H/29162/6971 Integrated Health Program: Reducing morbidity and RI 469,656 C. LOW mortality in Mudug Region (IHP) SOM-10/H/29169/5370 Emergency Health for conflict-affected IDPs in Muslim Aid 300,000 B. Mogadishu, Afgooye & Balad Corridor MEDIUM Sub total for HEALTH 46,444,869 LOGISTICS SOM-10/CSS/29053/561 Humanitarian Air Service in Support of Relief WFP 14,734,221 A. HIGH Operations in Somalia (SO 10681.0) SOM-10/CSS/29055/5767 Rehabilitation and Improvements of Airfields to enable UNOPS 7,050,000 A. HIGH timely and safe access of UN response SOM-10/ER/29050/561 Rehabilitation of Road and Ports in Somalia (SO WFP 11,258,136 A. HIGH 10578.0) Sub total for LOGISTICS 33,042,357 NUTRITION SOM-10/H/28403/6971 Selective feeding and nutrition education program RI 512,643 A. HIGH SOM-10/H/28416/124 Humanitarian response for treatment and prevention of UNICEF 18,849,906 A. HIGH acute malnutrition SOM-10/H/28421/8502 Emergency nutrition project WVI 3,323,671 A. HIGH SOM-10/H/28443/5362 Emergency nutrition project in Mogadishu OXFAM 893,206 A. HIGH Netherlands (NOVIB) SOM-10/H/28787/8028 Emergency therapeutic and supplementary feeding to AFREC 165,221 A. HIGH avert nutrition-related mortality and morbidity in Lower Juba SOM-10/H/28829/5095 Integrated emergency nutrition programme in Middle MEDAIR 1,550,082 A. HIGH Shabelle, Somalia and urban Burco, urban Berbera and rural Southern Togdheer, Somaliland SOM-10/H/28834/5195 Integrated community-based management of acute MERLIN 1,123,500 A. HIGH malnutrition program in Awdal and Galgadud' Somalia SOM-10/H/28900/5816 Emergency nutrition response in Galgaduud and South CISP 289,380 A. HIGH Mudug regions SOM-10/H/28906/6079 Emergency nutrition programme in Hiraan Region SC 1,099,980 A. HIGH SOM-10/H/28969/7730 Emergency nutrition support DIAL 159,700 A. HIGH SOM-10/H/29158/561 Emergency Nutrition Intervention for the Prevention WFP 14,010,014 A. HIGH and Treatment of Moderate Acute Malnutrition Sub total for NUTRITION 41,977,303 PROTECTION SOM-10/MA/29102/5116 Emergency mine action in South Central Somalia UNMAS 3,307,914 A. HIGH SOM-10/MA/29111/5349 Comprehensive mine risk education for children, HI 182,000 C. LOW herders and travellers in Northeast Somalia SOM-10/P-HR-RL/29045/5660 Community-based activities and livelihood INTERSOS 698,710 A. HIGH opportunities to support internally displaced persons and the most vulnerable population in South Central Somalia SOM-10/P-HR-RL/29048/5181 Protection of displaced persons and host communities DRC 1,387,500 A. HIGH in Somalia SOM-10/P-HR-RL/29054/298 Combating human trafficking in Somaliland and IOM 650,000 C. LOW Puntland SOM-10/P-HR-RL/29056/298 Community stabilization, livelihoods security/ light IOM 1,800,000 C. LOW infrastructure and migration initiative SOM-10/P-HR-RL/29057/5816 Support to community-based emergency and CISP 600,510 A. HIGH protection intervention for internally displaced population in Galgaduud Region, with particular focus on women and youth SOM-10/P-HR-RL/29062/5128 Promote protection of internally displaced persons in CESVI 349,200 A. HIGH Belet Weyne through livelihoods strategies

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Appealing Requirements Project code Project title Priority agency ($) SOM-10/P-HR-RL/29064/5834 Information counselling and legal assistance in NRC 445,000 C. LOW Somaliland SOM-10/P-HR-RL/29067/5128 Contributing to a protective environment for children CESVI 232,620 A. HIGH and youth in need through advocacy, community mobilisation and increased access to psychosocial and educational services in Puntland and Somaliland SOM-10/P-HR-RL/29067/8168 Contributing to a protective environment for children GRT 232,620 A. HIGH and youth in need through advocacy, community mobilisation and increased access to psychosocial and educational services in Puntland and Somaliland SOM-10/P-HR-RL/29081/120 Improved response and protection of migrants and UNHCR 1,525,000 B. other vulnerable groups travelling through Somalia MEDIUM (Somaliland, South Central and Puntland) to the Gulf States and other countries SOM-10/P-HR-RL/29081/298 Improved response and protection of migrants and IOM 1,525,000 B. other vulnerable groups travelling through Somalia MEDIUM (Somaliland, South Central and Puntland) to the Gulf States and other countries SOM-10/P-HR-RL/29086/7018 IRIN Somali Radio Service IRIN 481,315 C. LOW SOM-10/P-HR-RL/29093/120 Protection assistance for refugees, asylum seekers UNHCR 14,630,159 A. HIGH and others in Somalia SOM-10/P-HR-RL/29098/124 Preventing and addressing recruitment and use of UNICEF 1,771,920 A. HIGH children in the conflict in Central and Southern Somalia SOM-10/P-HR-RL/29098/8502 Preventing and addressing recruitment and use of WVI 285,000 A. HIGH children in the conflict in Central and Southern Somalia SOM-10/P-HR-RL/29105/5181 Enhance monitoring system and conduct profiling DRC 532,680 A. HIGH exercises for the protection of internally displaced persons in South Central, North East and North West Somalia SOM-10/P-HR-RL/29105/5660 Enhance monitoring system and conduct profiling INTERSOS 402,320 A. HIGH exercises for the protection of internally displaced persons in South Central, North East and North West Somalia SOM-10/P-HR-RL/29109/13145 Responding to gender-based violence within IIDA 251,800 A. HIGH vulnerable communities in complex crisis situations in Somalia SOM-10/P-HR-RL/29109/8168 Responding to gender-based violence within GRT 251,800 A. HIGH vulnerable communities in complex crisis situations in Somalia SOM-10/P-HR-RL/29113/1171 Prevention and response to gender-based violence in UNFPA 930,400 B. Somalia MEDIUM SOM-10/P-HR-RL/29113/120 Prevention and response to gender-based violence in UNHCR 4,069,370 B. Somalia MEDIUM SOM-10/P-HR-RL/29113/124 Prevention and response to gender-based violence in UNICEF 599,406 B. Somalia MEDIUM SOM-10/P-HR-RL/29113/5105 Prevention and response to gender-based violence in UNIFEM 545,700 B. Somalia MEDIUM SOM-10/P-HR-RL/29123/6971 Improving protection status: reducing internally RI 277,098 B. displaced persons vulnerability through economic MEDIUM enhancements, pathways to care and community mobilization SOM-10/P-HR-RL/29128/5362 Extension of the integrated gender-based violence and OXFAM 620,000 A. HIGH livelihood to reduce vulnerability among Somali women Netherlands in South and Central regions of Somalia (NOVIB) SOM-10/P-HR-RL/29132/8892 Reduction of internally displaced vulnerabilities through TARDO 385,000 A. HIGH provision of livelihood assets SOM-10/P-HR-RL/29138/120 Protection cluster coordination and protection UNHCR 4,562,927 A. HIGH interventions for internally displaced persons and other vulnerable groups in Somalia SOM-10/P-HR-RL/29140/13146 Promoting girl child protection and supporting gender GECPD 230,000 A. HIGH empowerment SOM-10/P-HR-RL/29149/5181 Promoting quality and accountability of humanitarian DRC 255,000 B. services in Somalia MEDIUM SOM-10/P-HR-RL/29157/120 Support and re-integration for internally displaced UNHCR 2,086,552 B. Persons returnees to South Central Somalia and MEDIUM Galkayo SOM-10/P-HR-RL/29157/8502 Support and re-integration for internally displaced WVI 1,586,552 B. Persons returnees to South Central Somalia and MEDIUM Galkayo

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Appealing Requirements Project code Project title Priority agency ($) SOM-10/P-HR-RL/29202/124 Prevention and response to protection issues affecting UNICEF 3,839,160 B. children and women in disaster and conflict, with MEDIUM particular attention to psychosocial support, community mobilization and monitoring, reporting and response to grave child rights violations Sub total for PROTECTION 51,530,233 SHELTER AND NFIs SOM-10/S-NF/28953/5181 Contributing towards decreasing the vulnerability and DRC 1,249,062 A. HIGH improving the dignity of conflict effected populations in South and Central Somalia SOM-10/S-NF/28956/5527 Provide life saving non-food items and emergency NCA 1,216,000 A. HIGH shelter response for displaced and vulnerable groups in Somalia SOM-10/S-NF/28993/5834 Improving living conditions for internally displaced NRC 2,000,000 A. HIGH persons in Somalia through provision of non-food items SOM-10/S-NF/28996/5834 Enhance the protection and improve basic living NRC 4,400,000 B. conditions for the displaced through the provision of MEDIUM emergency temporary/ transitional shelter SOM-10/S-NF/28998/7039 Improving living conditions for prolonged displaced UN-HABITAT 6,909,500 C. LOW populations in their current locations in Somalia (Puntland) SOM-10/S-NF/29002/120 Improving living conditions for temporary displaced UNHCR 5,968,300 A. HIGH populations through emergency preparedness and response SOM-10/S-NF/29003/120 Improving living conditions for protracted displaced UNHCR 32,624,182 A. HIGH populations in their current locations SOM-10/S-NF/30710/7039 Improving living conditions for prolonged displaced UN-HABITAT 3,720,500 B. populations in their current locations in Somalia (South MEDIUM Central and Somaliland) Sub total for SHELTER AND NFIs 58,087,544 WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE SOM-10/WS/28792/5362 Oxfam Novib Integrated Emergency Water and OXFAM 998,239 B. Sanitation Project Netherlands MEDIUM (NOVIB) SOM-10/WS/28804/6579 Puntland Drought Response Project (PUDREP) ADRA 264,400 B. MEDIUM SOM-10/WS/28815/13148 Access to safe water, sanitation and hygiene APD 192,150 B. promotion in Lower and Middle Juba MEDIUM SOM-10/WS/28833/5167 Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion Support to COOPI 1,223,400 A. HIGH IDPs and Disaster-affected Population in South Central Somalia SOM-10/WS/28839/5181 Improving access to water and sanitation facilities for DRC 1,391,495 A. HIGH drought and conflict effected populations in South- Central Somalia SOM-10/WS/28843/6706 Providing safe water and sanitation facilities in the Horn Relief 570,000 B. Sanaag region, through rehabilitation of existing water MEDIUM sources, construction of latrines and hygiene promotion activities. SOM-10/WS/28891/8615 Emergency rehabilitation of water points and local IIRO 1,022,187 B. institutional support for drought-affected populations MEDIUM and IDPs in Puntland SOM-10/WS/28893/8615 Emergency rehabilitation of water points and local IIRO 1,110,302 B. institutional support for drought-affected populations MEDIUM and IDPs in Somaliland SOM-10/WS/28895/8615 Emergency provision of safe water and sanitation IIRO 1,271,949 A. HIGH facilities for IDPs in south central Somalia SOM-10/WS/28896/6971 Emergency WASH Project for Drought-affected RI 385,944 B. Communities, Bari and Karkar Regions MEDIUM SOM-10/WS/28902/6971 WASH Disaster Mitigation Project, Gaalkacyo RI 287,855 A. HIGH SOM-10/WS/28907/124 To increase and sustain the access of IDP and UNICEF 18,832,850 A. HIGH disaster-affected populations in Central South zone, Somaliland and Puntland to safe water, appropriate sanitation facilities and hygiene promotion SOM-10/WS/28909/5128 Establishing community driven sanitation management CESVI 149,100 C. LOW in IDPs camps and host community of Belet Weyne SOM-10/WS/28912/5128 Contribute to ensure access to basic WASH services CESVI 247,600 A. HIGH for IDPs in Puntland

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Appealing Requirements Project code Project title Priority agency ($) SOM-10/WS/28920/5128 Strengthening IDPs access to community-based CESVI 259,400 B. sanitation services delivery in Somaliland MEDIUM SOM-10/WS/28921/5660 Increasing access to safe water for IDPs in Afgooye INTERSOS 506,859 A. HIGH Corridor and enhancing their hygiene promotion and sanitation knowledge SOM-10/WS/28922/5660 Improve access to water and strengthen hygiene INTERSOS 801,216 B. sanitation awareness in Bay and Middle Shabelle MEDIUM SOM-10/WS/28925/6079 Emergency WASH support to crisis-affected SC 1,983,466 A. HIGH populations in Central Somalia SOM-10/WS/28941/5181 Increased access to clean water and improved hygiene DRC 573,800 A. HIGH and sanitation practices for IDPs and other affected host communities in Bossaso, Qardho and Gaalkacyo districts in the next twelve months SOM-10/WS/28952/5582 Increased and sustained access to life saving safe IAS 1,000,000 A. HIGH water and sanitation through rehabilitation of water and sanitation facilities, hygiene promotion and capacity development for vulnerable communities SOM-10/WS/28955/8028 Improved access to potable water and sanitary AFREC 326,100 A. HIGH conditions for vulnerable IDPs and host communities in Lower and Middle Juba regions SOM-10/WS/28958/8502 Bay/Bakool WASH Response Project WVI 715,860 B. MEDIUM SOM-10/WS/28961/8502 Project Sheet - 2010 CAP Somalia Middle Juba WVI 386,780 B. Emergency Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene project MEDIUM SOM-10/WS/28965/5834 Provision of Appropriate Sanitation Assistance and NRC 2,500,000 A. HIGH Hygiene information to IDPs in Somalia SOM-10/WS/28967/8383 Nugaal drought emergency response KAALO Relief 407,825 B. MEDIUM SOM-10/WS/28974/6552 Water, sanitation and hygiene assistance for YME 1,530,000 A. HIGH populations in South Mudug and Galgaduud. SOM-10/WS/28979/13149 Rehabilitation of rural water facilities in Sool region SVO 276,000 B. project MEDIUM SOM-10/WS/29022/5120 Emergency response to IDPs and disaster-affected OXFAM GB 5,748,485 A. HIGH populations in South Central Somalia and Somaliland to have increased and sustained access to safe water, appropriate sanitation facilities and hygiene promotion SOM-10/WS/29024/5095 Integrated Emergency Response Program for MEDAIR 175,146 A. HIGH Vulnerable Populations in Middle Shabelle- (Cadale District, South Central Region Of Somalia). SOM-10/WS/29195/5527 Comprehensive Wash Response to the Dire Need For NCA 2,842,000 A. HIGH Safe and Sustained Water Supply in South central And Puntland Zones of Somalia Sub total for WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE 47,980,408

Grand Total 689,008,615

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Table V: Summary of requirements (grouped by IASC standard sector) Consolidated Appeal for Somalia 2010 as of 12 November 2009 http://www.reliefweb.int/fts

Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by the respective appealing organization.

Sector Name Original Requirements (US$)

AGRICULTURE 34,181,862

COORDINATION AND SUPPORT SERVICES 28,512,782

ECONOMIC RECOVERY AND INFRASTRUCTURE 19,764,857

EDUCATION 23,440,282

FOOD 332,703,314

HEALTH 88,422,172

MINE ACTION 3,489,914

PROTECTION/HUMAN RIGHTS/RULE OF LAW 48,040,319

SAFETY AND SECURITY OF STAFF AND OPERATIONS 4,385,161

SHELTER AND NON-FOOD ITEMS 58,087,544

WATER AND SANITATION 47,980,408

Grand Total 689,008,615

The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 12 November 2009. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts).

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ANNEX III. INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF RED CROSS AND RED CRESCENT SOCIETIES EMERGENCY APPEAL

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ANNEX IV. DONOR RESPONSE TO 2009 APPEAL

Table I: Summary of requirements, commitments/contributions and pledges (grouped by Cluster) Consolidated Appeal: Somalia 2009 as of 12 November 2009 http://www.reliefweb.int/fts

Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by donors and appealing organizations

Cluster Original Revised Funding % Unmet Uncommitted Requirements Requirements Covered Requirements Pledges

Value in US$ A B C C/B B-C D

AGRICULTURE AND LIVELIHOODS 65,137,607 59,148,600 19,498,210 33% 39,650,390 -

CLUSTER NOT YET SPECIFIED - - 6,481,196 0% (6,481,196) 1,470,588

EDUCATION 29,062,339 29,443,836 4,210,433 14% 25,233,403 -

ENABLING PROGRAMMES 30,452,841 29,897,743 13,592,866 45% 16,304,877 728,147

FOOD AID 544,263,112 475,376,040 356,359,150 75% 119,016,890 -

HEALTH 43,830,888 40,855,407 15,055,607 37% 25,799,800 1,000,000

LOGISTICS 25,565,236 31,047,833 19,892,349 64% 11,155,484 -

NFIs AND EMERGENCY SHELTER 45,070,082 45,070,082 8,328,536 18% 36,741,546 -

NUTRITION 67,557,955 63,504,794 36,083,945 57% 27,420,849 -

PROTECTION 32,105,551 41,698,979 15,579,042 37% 26,119,937 -

WATER AND SANITATION 35,798,939 35,798,939 17,824,607 50% 17,974,332 -

Grand Total 918,844,550 851,842,253 512,905,941 60% 338,936,312 3,198,735

Table II: Summary of requirements, commitments/contributions and pledges (grouped by priority) Consolidated Appeal for Somalia as of 12 November 2009 http://www.reliefweb.int/fts

Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by donors and appealing organizations

Priority Original Revised Funding % Unmet Uncommitted Requirements Requirements Covered Requirements Pledges

Value in US$ A B C C/B B-C D

A – High 619,762,860669,218,697 441,487,491 66% 227,731,206 1,228,147

B – Medium 206,691,57988,295,219 37,646,587 43% 50,648,632 100,000

C – Low 54,619,780 54,279,420 12,738,853 23% 41,540,567 -

D – Not specified 37,770,331 40,048,917 21,033,010 53% 19,015,907 1,870,588

GRAND TOTAL 918,844,550 851,842,253 512,905,941 60% 338,936,312 3,198,735

NOTE: "Funding" means Contributions + Commitments + Carry-over Pledge: a non-binding announcement of an intended contribution or allocation by the donor. ("Uncommitted pledge" on these tables indicates the balance of original pledges not yet committed). Commitment: creation of a legal, contractual obligation between the donor and recipient entity, specifying the amount to be contributed.

Contribution: the actual payment of funds or transfer of in-kind goods from the donor to the recipient entity.

The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 12 November 2009. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts).

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Table III: Summary of requirements, commitments/contributions and pledges (grouped by appealing organization) Consolidated Appeal for Somalia 2009 as of 12 November 2009 http://www.reliefweb.int/fts

Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by donors and appealing organizations Page 1 of 3

Appealing Organization Original Revised Funding % Unmet Requirements Uncommitted Requirements Requirements Covered Pledges

Values in US$ A B C C/B B-C D

Access Aid 578,100 578,100 - 0% 578,100 -

ActionAid 803,050 803,050 59,084 7% 743,966 -

ADA 435,198 435,198 - 0% 435,198 -

ADEO 2,385,530 2,385,530 - 0% 2,385,530 -

AFREC 2,307,180 2,271,680 383,228 17% 1,888,452 -

Africa 70 549,000 549,000 - 0% 549,000 -

AGROSPHERE 1,722,000 1,722,000 - 0% 1,722,000 -

APDN 172,801 172,801 - 0% 172,801 -

ASAL 880,592 880,592 - 0% 880,592 -

ASEP 1,141,970 1,141,970 144,844 13% 997,126 -

BVO 88,500 88,500 - 0% 88,500 -

CARE International 147,024,910 18,128,400 16,323,400 90% 1,805,000 -

CARITAS 1,776,000 1,776,000 374,957 21% 1,401,043 -

CCD - -171,100 0%(171,100) -

CED 1,183,293 1,183,293 - 0% 1,183,293 -

CEFA 250,000 250,000 - 0% 250,000 -

CHEE 388,823 388,823 - 0% 388,823 -

CISP 1,588,840 1,451,156 260,000 18% 1,191,156 -

CL - -177,204 0%(177,204) -

CODO 221,000 221,000 - 0% 221,000 -

COOPI 4,131,656 4,131,656 1,406,896 34% 2,724,760 -

COSV -666,835 333,417 50% 333,418 -

CPD 936,725 936,725 134,221 14% 802,504 -

DHD 392,629 392,629 - 0% 392,629 -

DIAL 1,395,329 1,395,329 - 0% 1,395,329 -

DMO 133,200 133,200 - 0% 133,200 -

DRC 13,873,000 13,422,000 6,738,294 50% 6,683,706 -

ERDO 195,500 195,500 - 0% 195,500 -

ERF (OCHA) 20,000,000 20,000,000 8,532,502 43% 11,467,498 284,360

FAO 20,869,580 20,869,580 11,177,058 54% 9,692,522 -

GSA - -76,615 0%(76,615) -

GTZ 1,161,700 1,161,700 - 0% 1,161,700 -

HARDO 613,365 613,365 250,000 41% 363,365 -

HDC 39,000 39,000 - 0% 39,000 -

HDO 550,000 550,000 - 0% 550,000 -

Hijra 498,000 498,000 - 0% 498,000 -

Horn Relief 2,270,000 2,270,000 1,771,149 78% 498,851 -

IEDP 238,560 113,070 - 0% 113,070 -

ILO 950,000 950,000 - 0% 950,000 -

IMC 450,000 250,000 - 0% 250,000 -

The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 12 November 2009. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts).

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Table III: Summary of requirements, commitments/contributions and pledges (grouped by appealing organization) Consolidated Appeal for Somalia 2009 as of 12 November 2009 http://www.reliefweb.int/fts

Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by donors and appealing organizations Page 2 of 3

Appealing Organization Original Revised Funding % Unmet Requirements Uncommitted Requirements Requirements Covered Pledges

Values in US$ A B C C/B B-C D

INTERSOS 3,953,243 3,060,243 126,710 4% 2,933,533 -

IOM 2,950,000 2,950,000 2,200,000 75% 750,000 -

IRC 300,000 300,000 379,183 100%(79,183) -

IRIN 491,231 491,231 176,056 36% 315,175 -

IRW 1,629,850 1,629,850 1,115,283 68% 514,567 -

ISRA 60,208 60,208 - 0% 60,208 -

JCC 2,458,900 2,458,900 209,991 9% 2,248,909 -

KISIMA 377,500 377,500 170,026 45% 207,474 -

LORDO 859,100 859,100 - 0% 859,100 -

LWO 152,700 152,700 - 0% 152,700 -

MDM France 1,827,000 1,827,000 1,635,703 90% 191,297 -

MEDAIR 2,227,252 2,227,252 742,964 33% 1,484,288 -

Mercy Corps - 393,701 393,701 100% - -

Mercy-USA for Aid and Development 417,258 417,258 - 0% 417,258 -

MERLIN 1,308,465 676,794 816,011 100%(139,217) -

MURDO 254,914 254,914 - 0% 254,914 -

Muslim Aid 1,567,858 1,553,758 269,075 17% 1,284,683 -

NCA 3,105,238 3,009,845 1,442,559 48% 1,567,286 -

Nedsom Foundation 500,000 500,000 - 0% 500,000 -

NPA - -246,299 0%(246,299) -

NRC 7,490,000 7,490,000 1,001,002 13% 6,488,998 -

OCHA 6,040,349 5,485,250 3,889,912 71% 1,595,338 443,787

OXFAM GB 4,494,397 4,494,397 3,354,320 75% 1,140,077 -

OXFAM Netherlands (NOVIB) 1,388,700 1,388,700 1,173,136 84% 215,564 -

PASOS 132,250 132,250 - 0% 132,250 -

PSF 633,880 633,880 - 0% 633,880 -

RI 8,744,870 8,744,870 525,265 6% 8,219,605 -

RMSN 947,728 947,728 - 0% 947,728 -

RRO 171,500 171,500 126,910 74% 44,590 -

RSDC 733,782 733,782 - 0% 733,782 -

RUCODO 189,125 189,125 - 0% 189,125 -

SACOD 520,000 520,000 - 0% 520,000 -

SADO 2,071,956 2,071,956 637,795 31% 1,434,161 -

SAF 164,743 164,743 - 0% 164,743 -

SC - Denmark 1,250,380 1,250,380 - 0% 1,250,380 -

SC - UK 2,923,215 3,277,171 382,883 12% 2,894,288 -

SDRO 86,843 86,843 216,001 100%(129,158) -

SEA 99,100 99,100 - 0% 99,100 -

SHARDO 58,340 58,340 - 0% 58,340 -

SIFO 88,000 88,000 - 0% 88,000 -

The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 12 November 2009. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts).

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Table III: Summary of requirements, commitments/contributions and pledges (grouped by appealing organization) Consolidated Appeal for Somalia 2009 as of 12 November 2009 http://www.reliefweb.int/fts

Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by donors and appealing organizations Page 3 of 3

Appealing Organization Original Revised Funding % Unmet Requirements Uncommitted Requirements Requirements Covered Pledges

Values in US$ A B C C/B B-C D

SMVIARDO 230,000 230,000 - 0% 230,000 -

SOADO 157,400 157,400 - 0% 157,400 -

SOHDO - -23,462 0%(23,462) -

SOS Kinderdorf - 1,294,964 1,294,964 100% - -

SPDS - -83,505 0%(83,505) -

SRDA 248,500 248,500 - 0% 248,500 -

SRDO 666,900 666,900 - 0% 666,900 -

SSWC 452,858 341,050 314,648 92% 26,402 -

TARDO 403,410 403,410 85,986 21% 317,424 -

Trocaire 422,282 636,298 581,665 91% 54,633 -

UGBAAD 179,100 179,100 - 0% 179,100 -

UNDP 14,391,000 7,674,875 702,247 9% 6,972,628 -

UNDSS 4,412,493 4,412,493 1,170,452 27% 3,242,041 -

UNESCO 2,172,990 2,172,990 - 0% 2,172,990 -

UNFPA 3,056,365 2,561,099 - 0% 2,561,099 -

UN-HABITAT 20,540,000 20,540,000 - 0% 20,540,000 -

UNHCR 21,433,582 32,353,301 20,302,335 63% 12,050,966 1,470,588

UNICEF 79,035,462 69,550,073 29,121,693 42% 40,428,380 -

UNOPS 5,955,400 5,914,594 1,000,000 17% 4,914,594 -

VETAID 438,000 438,000 129,406 30% 308,594 -

VMSDO 108,700 108,700 - 0% 108,700 -

VSF (Germany) 188,500 188,500 188,500 100% - -

VSF (Switzerland) 497,000 497,000 131,754 27% 365,246 -

WFP 449,541,386 520,251,633 382,426,144 74% 137,825,489 -

WHO 15,627,284 12,956,390 3,224,343 25% 9,732,047 1,000,000

WOCCA 486,040 486,040 - 0% 486,040 -

World Concern 871,152 871,152 - 0% 871,152 -

WRD 91,400 91,400 - 0% 91,400 -

WVI 2,372,440 2,372,440 2,331,117 98% 41,323 -

YME - -248,966 0%(248,966) -

GRAND TOTAL 918,844,550 851,842,253 512,905,941 60% 338,936,312 3,198,735

NOTE: "Funding" means Contributions + Commitments + Carry-over

Pledge: a non-binding announcement of an intended contribution or allocation by the donor. ("Uncommitted pledge" on these tables indicates the balance of original pledges not yet committed).

Commitment: creation of a legal, contractual obligation between the donor and recipient entity, specifying the amount to be contributed.

Contribution: the actual payment of funds or transfer of in-kind goods from the donor to the recipient entity.

The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 12 November 2009. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts).

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Table IV: Total funding per donor (to projects listed in the Appeal) Consolidated Appeal for Somalia 2009 as of 12 November 2009 http://www.reliefweb.int/fts

Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by donors and appealing organizations

Donor Funding % of Uncommitted Grand Total Pledges Values in US$

Carry-over (donors not specified) 216,182,361 42.1 % -

United States 86,150,636 16.8 % 1,000,000

Private (individuals & organisations) 49,909,587 9.7 % -

Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) 27,314,468 5.3 % -

Japan 19,974,793 3.9 % -

Canada 19,536,850 3.8 % -

European Commission (ECHO) 13,680,976 2.7 % 443,787

Spain 12,776,199 2.5 % -

Allocations of unearmarked funds by UN agencies 12,172,678 2.4 % -

Norway 10,219,321 2.0 % -

Sweden 9,717,591 1.9 % -

Netherlands 9,448,333 1.8 % 1,470,588

Germany 5,281,894 1.0 % -

Denmark 3,853,645 0.8 % -

United Kingdom 3,240,197 0.6 % -

Italy 2,865,531 0.6 % -

Switzerland 2,433,745 0.5 % 284,360

Ireland 2,243,985 0.4 % -

Belgium 2,062,791 0.4 % -

France 1,031,496 0.2 % -

Australia 844,562 0.2 % -

Korea, Republic of 600,000 0.1 % -

Finland 476,190 0.1 % -

Luxembourg 374,957 0.1 % -

United Nations 196,339 0.0 % -

Others 316,816 0.1 % -

Grand Total 512,905,941 100.0 % 3,198,735

NOTE: "Funding" means Contributions + Commitments + Carry-over

Pledge: a non-binding announcement of an intended contribution or allocation by the donor. ("Uncommitted pledge" on these tables indicates the balance of original pledges not yet committed). Commitment: creation of a legal, contractual obligation between the donor and recipient entity, specifying the amount to be contributed.

Contribution: the actual payment of funds or transfer of in-kind goods from the donor to the recipient entity.

The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 12 November 2009. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts).

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Table V: List of commitments/contributions and pledges to projects not listed in the Appeal Other humanitarian funding to Somalia 2009 as of 12 November 2009 http://www.reliefweb.int/fts

Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by donors and appealing organizations. Page 1 of 2

Donor Appealing Organization Description Funding Uncommitted Pledges

Values in US$

Australia UN Agencies and NGOs (details United Nations Humanitarian Appeal - 1,079,137 not yet provided) Belgium ICRC Activities in Somalia by CICR 1,406,470 -

Canada ICRC Food aid (M-012987-002 - Food) 1,610,306 -

Canada ICRC Humanitarian activities (M-012987-001 - Non-food) 4,830,918 -

Czech Republic HSTF Protection and security (100784/2009-ORS) 144,928 -

Czech Republic NGOs Complex crises (special grants for Czech NGOs) - Rehabilitation, basic needs 126,582 - (water, shelter, health care) [110899/2009-ORS] Emergency Response Fund OCHA HRF Project support and audit costs 303,661 - (OCHA) European Commission COSV Emergency health support operation to IDPs in Benadir region (part of 333,418 - Humanitarian Aid Office ECHO/SOM/BUD/2008/01013) European Commission ICRC ICRC Emergency Food Assistance Activities in Somalia 8,702,325 - Humanitarian Aid Office (ECHO/SOM/BUD/2008/02003) European Commission UN Agencies, NGOs and Red Humanitarian aid for the victims of continuing insecurity and climatic hazards in - 10,477,423 Humanitarian Aid Office Cross Somalia [ECHO/SOM/BUD/2009/01000-unallocated balance of orig pledge of Euro 13 million]

European Commission VSF (Germany) Emergency support to vulnerable pastoralist communities in Southern Somalia 863,309 - Humanitarian Aid Office and Puntland : Phase II (EMPASO II) [part of ECHO/SOM/BUD/2009/01005]

Finland Finnchurchaid Aid to refugees, returnees and IDP´s 1,317,523 -

Finland HT Support to HALO Trust´s Mine Clearance Programme in Somaliland 290,698 -

Finland ICRC Protection & aid to IDP´s 1,317,523 -

France ICRC Food aid to vulnerable persons 746,719 -

France ICRC LUTTE CONTRE LA MALNUTRITION MATERNELLE ET INFANTILE + 984,529 - DISTRIBUTIONS DE NOURRITURE AUX POPULATIONS VULNERABLES

France PU Food and seeds distributions through vouchers 367,454 -

France Solidarités Seeds distribution 479,003 -

Germany Care Germany Advancement of alternative means of existence (BMZ-No.: 2009.1854.0) 703,235 -

Germany CARE International Improvement of water supply (VN05 321.50 SOM 06/09) 272,729 -

Germany CARE International Improvement of water supply (VN05 321.50 SOM 09/09) 374,047 -

Germany Diakonie Emergency Aid Improvement precarious living conditions of IDPs and improvement sanitation 805,703 - (VN05 321.50 SOM 05/09) Germany DWHH Support of agricultural activities in the Awdal Region of Somaliland (Northwest 703,235 - So-malia) (BMZ-No.: 2009.1842.5) Germany German RC Improvement basic medical assistance around Referral Hospitals in Boosaasa 583,698 - and Garowe; improvement health system (VN05 321.50 SOM 01/09)

Germany GTZ Food aid beside the food security program (2009.1993.6) (BMZ-No.: 843,882 - 2009.1815.1) Germany GTZ Reconstruction and stability of the livelihoods (BMZ-No.: 2009.1993.6) 562,588 -

Germany HT Humanitarian demining in order to provide security and reactivation of land 383,632 - (VN05 440.70 SOM 01/09) Germany ICRC Emergency Aid (BMZ-No.: 2009.1833.4) 703,235 -

Germany ICRC Emergency aid to provide medical and basic health care (VN05 321.50 SOM 2,557,545 - 02/09) Germany Johanniter Unfallhilfe e.V. Reduction of childhood mortality (VN05 321.50 SOM 03/09) 158,706 -

The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 12 November 2009. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts).

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Table V: List of commitments/contributions and pledges to projects not listed in the Appeal Other humanitarian funding to Somalia 2009 as of 12 November 2009 http://www.reliefweb.int/fts

Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by donors and appealing organizations. Page 2 of 2

Donor Appealing Organization Description Funding Uncommitted Pledges

Values in US$

Ireland CONCERN Emergency Response (CON 09 04) 715,308 -

Ireland HT Mine clearance (HALO 09 01) 358,090 -

Italy Bilateral (to affected government) Emergency kit trauma profile (3), Emergency kit support to trauma profile (7), 521,220 - Emergency kit diahorreal diseases (1), IEHK with out malaria profile (3), IEHK with malaria profile (9), stratcher (200)

Japan IOM Regional activities not included in the CAP 800,000 -

Luxembourg ICRC IHL, assistance and protection 393,701 -

Norway CW SOM-09/022/Benadir and Afgoi-Road Settlements Humanitarian Intervention 777,847 -

Norway HT SOM-09/021/Mine Clearance in Somaliland 466,708 -

Norway Norway RC SOM-09/015/Somalia Emergency Appeal 2009, ICRC (June-July) 3,111,388 -

Sweden DDG To bridge the hunger gap a couple of months and provide agricultural inputs for 467,704 - the 2009/10 cropping season in the Samangan province. The Swedish contribute will mainly be used for cereals and vegetables seeds and fertilizer distribution and kitchen garden training

Switzerland CARITAS Emergency Response to Sustain Livelihoods in Drought affected areas of 138,376 - Somaliland (7F-06925.01) United Arab Emirates Red Bilateral (to affected government) A cargo place of humanitarian assistance such as food, tents and blankets for 108,640 - Crescent the victims of the drought in Somalia United Arab Emirates Red Somali Red Crescent Society To provide humanitarian requirements for the needy families in Somalia 136,240 - Crescent United Kingdom ICRC To provide emergency aid to people directly affected by armed conflict and 4,711,304 - natural disasters through the provision of relief and livelihood items (200465)

United Kingdom IMC UK Provision of emergency basic health and nutrition interventions in Bakool and 1,224,604 - Hiran Districts of Somalia United Kingdom SC - UK Improved ability to cover the immediate essential needs and to prevent the total 1,179,089 - loss of livelihood assets for urban households in conflict and drought-affected Hiran region

United Kingdom Solidarités To reduce drought and sanitation vulnerabilities and help communities to deal 1,627,873 - with water borne epidemics United States of America FAO Somalia Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit (FSNAU) 2009 Contribution 1,500,000 - outside Appeal framework (DFD-G-00-09-00041-00) United States of America ICRC Health, Refugee Assistance, Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (STATE/PRM) 9,500,000 -

United States of America IRC Agriculture and food security; water, sanitation and hygiene projects in Mudug 635,472 - Region. (part of DFD-G-00-09-00068-00) United States of America Mercy-USA for Aid and Logistics and relief commodities in Middle Shabelle Region. 186,271 - Development (DFD-G-00-07-00161-02) United States of America USAID Administrative and program support costs 125,500 -

Grand Total 61,162,936 11,556,560

NOTE: "Funding" means Contributions + Commitments + Carry-over

Pledge: a non-binding announcement of an intended contribution or allocation by the donor. ("Uncommitted pledge" on these tables indicates the balance of original pledges not yet committed). Commitment: creation of a legal, contractual obligation between the donor and recipient entity, specifying the amount to be contributed.

Contribution: the actual payment of funds or transfer of in-kind goods from the donor to the recipient entity.

The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 12 November 2009. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts).

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Table VI: Total humanitarian assistance per donor (Appeal plus other*) Somalia 2009 as of 12 November 2009 http://www.reliefweb.int/fts

Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by donors and appealing organizations

Donor Funding % of Uncommitted Grand Total Pledges Values in US$

Carry-over (donors not specified) 216,182,361 37.7 % - United States 98,097,879 17.1 % 1,000,000 Private (individuals & organisations) 50,154,467 8.7 % - Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) 27,314,468 4.8 % - Canada 25,978,074 4.5 % - European Commission (ECHO) 23,580,028 4.1 % 10,921,210 Japan 20,774,793 3.6 % - Norway 14,575,264 2.5 % - Germany 13,934,129 2.4 % - Spain 12,776,199 2.2 % - Allocations of unearmarked funds by UN agencies 12,172,678 2.1 % - United Kingdom 11,983,067 2.1 % - Sweden 10,185,295 1.8 % - Netherlands 9,448,333 1.6 % 1,470,588 Denmark 3,853,645 0.7 % - France 3,609,201 0.6 % - Belgium 3,469,261 0.6 % - Finland 3,401,934 0.6 % - Italy 3,386,751 0.6 % - Ireland 3,317,383 0.6 % - Switzerland 2,572,121 0.4 % 284,360 Australia 844,562 0.1 % 1,079,137 Luxembourg 768,658 0.1 % - Korea, Republic of 600,000 0.1 % - United Nations 500,000 0.1 % - Others 588,326 0.1 % - Grand Total 574,068,877 100 % 14,755,295

NOTE: "Funding" means Contributions + Commitments + Carry-over

Pledge: a non-binding announcement of an intended contribution or allocation by the donor. ("Uncommitted pledge" on these tables indicates the balance of original pledges not yet committed).

Commitment: creation of a legal, contractual obligation between the donor and recipient entity, specifying the amount to be contributed.

Contribution: the actual payment of funds or transfer of in-kind goods from the donor to the recipient entity.

* Includes contributions to the Consolidated Appeal and additional contributions outside of the Consolidated Appeal Process (bilateral, Red Cross, etc.)

The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 12 November 2009. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts).

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Table VII: Summary of requirements, commitments/contributions and pledges (grouped by IASC standard sector) Consolidated Appeal for Somalia 2009 as of 12 November 2009 http://www.reliefweb.int/fts

Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by donors and appealing organizations

Sector Original Revised Funding % Unmet Uncommitted Requirements Requirements Covered Requirements Pledges

Value in US$ A B C C/B B-C D

AGRICULTURE 54,554,967 52,454,134 19,104,509 36% 33,349,625 -

COORDINATION AND SUPPORT SERVICES 18,373,229 23,973,155 15,279,667 64% 8,693,488 443,787

ECONOMIC RECOVERY AND INFRASTRUCTURE 22,965,575 18,404,974 8,896,295 48% 9,508,679 -

EDUCATION 28,829,959 29,211,456 4,210,433 14% 25,001,023 -

FOOD 544,263,112 475,376,040 356,359,150 75% 119,016,890 -

HEALTH 111,388,843 104,360,201 51,139,552 49% 53,220,649 1,000,000

MULTI-SECTOR -9,669,263 4,487,980 46% 5,181,283 -

PROTECTION/HUMAN RIGHTS/RULE OF LAW 33,085,55133,009,716 11,091,062 34% 21,918,654 -

SAFETY AND SECURITY OF STAFF AND OPERATIONS 4,412,493 4,412,493 1,170,452 27% 3,242,041 -

SECTOR NOT YET SPECIFIED 20,000,000 20,000,000 15,013,698 75% 4,986,302 1,754,948

SHELTER AND NON-FOOD ITEMS 44,090,082 44,090,082 8,328,536 19% 35,761,546 -

WATER AND SANITATION 36,880,739 36,880,739 17,824,607 48% 19,056,132 -

GRAND TOTAL 918,844,550 851,842,253 512,905,941 60% 338,936,312 3,198,735

NOTE: "Funding" means Contributions + Commitments + Carry-over

Pledge: a non-binding announcement of an intended contribution or allocation by the donor. ("Uncommitted pledge" on these tables indicates the balance of original pledges not yet committed). Commitment: creation of a legal, contractual obligation between the donor and recipient entity, specifying the amount to be contributed.

Contribution: the actual payment of funds or transfer of in-kind goods from the donor to the recipient entity.

The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 12 November 2009. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts).

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ANNEX V. ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

AAH.I Action Africa Help - International ACF Action Contre la Faim (Action Against Hunger) ADA Adventist Development Agency AFLC acute food and livelihood crisis AFREC African Rescue Committee AMA African Muslim Agency APD Agency for Peace and Development APDN Agro-Pastoral Development Network AWD acute watery diarrhoea

BWDN Bay Women Development Network

CAFDARO Community Activity for Development and Relief Organization CAP Consolidated Appeal Process CARE Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere CBO community-based organization CCD control of communicable diseases CERF Central Emergency Response Fund CESVI Cooperazione e Sviluppo CFW cash-for-work CHAP Common Humanitarian Action Plan CHD Child Health Days CISP Comitato Internationale per lo Sviluppo dei Popoli COOPI Cooperazione Internazionale CSO Cluster Support Officers

DF Dialog Forening DRC Danish Refugee Council

ECHO European Commission Humanitarian Aid Office EHF Elevate Hope Foundation EmONC emergency obstetric and neonatal care EPI Expanded Programme on Immunization

FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FERO Family Empowerment and Relief Organization FEWSNET Famine Early Warning System Network FFA food-for-asset FFT food-for-training FFW food-for-work FSNAU Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit FTS Financial Tracking Service

GAM global acute malnutrition GBV gender-based violence GFD general food distribution GRT/UNA Gruppo Per Le Relezionni Transculturalli GTZ German Technical Cooperation

HADMA Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Management Agency HADO Horn-Africa Aid & Development Organization HC Humanitarian Coordinator HCT Humanitarian Country Team HDI Human Development Index HE humanitarian emergency HIDO Heralding Development Organization HIV/AIDS human immuno-deficiency virus/acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome HH household HRF Humanitarian Response Fund

IASC Inter-Agency Standing Committee ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross ICWG Inter-Cluster Working Group IDP internally displaced people IHL international humanitarian law IHR international human rights IMC International Medical Corps

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INGO international non-governmental organization INTERSOS Coordenação das Organizações de Serviço Voluntário IOM International Organization for Migration IPC Integrated Food Security Phase Classification IR Islamic Relief IRC International Rescue Committee

KAP knowledge, attitude and practices

LNGO local non-governmental organization LNS lipid-based nutrients supplement LSA local security assistant

MEDAIR Medical Environmental Development with Air Assistance MERLIN Medical Emergency Relief International MT metric ton MYR Mid-Year Review

NCA Norwegian Church Aid NERAD National Environment Research and Disaster Preparedness Authority NFI non-food item NGO non-governmental organization NID national immunization days NRC Norwegian Refugee Council

OCHA Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs OPS On-line Projects System OXFAM Oxfam UK

PHC primary health care PHRN Peace and Human Rights Network PMN Protection Monitoring Network PMT Population Movement Tracking PSEA prevention from sexual exploitation and abuse

RAHMO RAHMO Development Organization RC/HC Resident Coordinator / Humanitarian Coordinator RI Relief International RMSN Resource Management Somali Network

SACOD Somali Action for Community Development SADO Somali Organic Agriculture Development Organization SADO Social-Life and Agricultural Development Organisation SADO Sustainable Agro-Pastoral Development Organisation SAF Somali Aid Foundation SAM severe acute malnutrition SC Save the Children SC-K Save the Children - United Kingdom SC-DK Save the Children (Denmark) SEA sexual exploitation and abuse SEHO Somali Education and Health Organization SFP supplementary feeding programme SGBV sexual and gender-based violence SHARDO Shabelle Relief and Development Organization SIOC Security Information and Operations Centre SMT Security Management Team SPDS Somali Peace and Development Society SPHERE A Project on Minimum Humanitarian Standards in Disaster Response SRA Security Risk Assessment SSAFE Safer and Secure Access to Field Environment in Somalia SSWC Save Somali Women and Children STI sexually transmitted infection

TB tuberculosis TFG Transitional Federal Government

UN United Nations UNAIDS Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS UNCT United Nations Country Team

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UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNDSS United Nations Department of Safety and Security UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization UNFPA United Nations Population Fund UN-HABITAT United Nations Human Settlements Programme UNHAS United Nations Humanitarian Air Service UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund UNIFEM United Nations Development Fund for Women UNOPS United Nations Office for Project Services UNTP United Nations Transitional Plan USAID United States Agency for International Development

WASH water, sanitation and hygiene WFP World Food Programme WHO World Health Organization WVI World Vision International 3W Who Is Doing What Where

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Consolidated Appeal Process (CAP)

The CAP is a tool for aid organizations to jointly plan, coordinate, implement and monitor their response to disasters and emergencies, and to appeal for funds together instead of competitively.

It is the forum for developing a strategic approach to humanitarian action, focusing on close cooperation between host governments, donors, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, International Organization for Migration (IOM) and, United Nations agencies. As such, it presents a snapshot of the situation and response plans, and is an inclusive and coordinated programme cycle of:

• Strategic planning leading to a Common Humanitarian Action Plan (CHAP) • Resource mobilization leading to a Consolidated Appeal or a Flash Appeal • Coordinated programme implementation • Joint monitoring and evaluation • Revision, if necessary • Reporting on results

The CHAP is the core of the CAP – a strategic plan for humanitarian response in a given country or region, including the following elements:

• A common analysis of the context in which humanitarian action takes place • An assessment of needs • Best, worst, and most likely scenarios • A clear statement of longer-term objectives and goals • Prioritised response plans, including a detailed mapping of projects to cover all needs • A framework for monitoring the strategy and revising it if necessary

The CHAP is the core of a Consolidated Appeal or, when crises break out or natural disasters strike, a Flash Appeal. Under the leadership of the Humanitarian Coordinator, and in consultation with host Governments and donors, the CHAP is developed at the field level by the Humanitarian Country Team. This team includes IASC members and standing invitees (UN agencies, the International Organization for Migration, the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, and NGOs that belong to ICVA, Interaction, or SCHR), but non-IASC members, such as national NGOs, can also be included.

The Humanitarian Coordinator is responsible for the annual preparation of the consolidated appeal document. The document is launched globally near the end of each year to enhance advocacy and resource mobilization. An update, known as the Mid-Year Review, is presented to donors the following July.

Donors generally fund appealing agencies directly in response to project proposals listed in appeals. The Financial Tracking Service (FTS), managed by the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), is a database of appeal funding needs and worldwide donor contributions, and can be found on www.reliefweb.int/fts.

In sum, the CAP is how aid agencies join forces to provide people in need the best available protection and assistance, on time.

OFFICE FOR THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN AFFAIRS (OCHA)

UNITED NATIONS PALAIS DES NATIONS NEW YORK, NY 10017 1211 GENEVA 10 USA SWITZERLAND