Volume 25 April/ 2013

50 years of the OAU: What is the meaning of Day

Africa Day and AU Ju- bilee Page 1, 2, 3, 4

World Economic Fo- rum Conference Cape Town Page 3

ONE BIG FAMILY… Chairperson of AU Commission Dr Nkosazana Dlamini Zuma joined by Heads of States pose for a family photo at the African Union headquarters in , . Child Protection Week PICTURE: GCIS

Page 8 THEMBANI MBADLANYANA

ach year, on the 25th of Africa Day, a day when, regardless and passada music while appeas- in Dakar; they find joy in telling May Africans from all of their geographic location or ing their appetites with the deli- each other about the stories of walks of life celebrate circumstances, Africans come cious Ghanaian fufu, Ethiopian astronomical and astrological Africa Day. The roots of together to celebrate the idea of injera or Moroccan couscous. prowess of the Dogon people and EAfrica Day hark back to 1963 when African unity. Africa day is a day, when Afri- the deeds of Queen Nzinga of the Organization of African Unity Whether they are in the dusty cans, while walking high in the , bravery in the Kingdom of (OAU) was instituted in Addis Aba- streets of Lagos in Nigeria or in sands of the Kgalagadi, watching Songhay in West Africa and Ma- ba, Ethiopia. leafy suburbs of Sandton in Johan- the majestic views and appreci- pungubwe Kingdom in Southern Health matters at the To many, the creation of OAU nesburg, on this day, Africans ating the beauty of our flora and Africa. epitomized a ‘Day of Africa’. Fifty come together to dance to the fauna at table mountain, taking a Africa day affords Africans an AU Summit Page 9 years later, 25 May continues to Angolan kizomba music, they boat trip to Goree Island and en- gain international recognition as dance to Mozambican marrabenta joying sunset on the beach of Sali Continues on page 2

Issued by the Africa Institute of (AISA) April/May 2013 Volume 25

Continued from Page 1 Editorial … what is the meaning of Africa Day? ifty years after the founding of the Organi- sation of African Unity opportunity not only to retell cans while dominant systems of brating Africa Day will not be a used to send out a positive mes- (OAU) – Africa must their own stories, embrace and governance exclude them in nov- meaningful exercise. sage to all nations of the world Funite or parish. This sounds celebrate their cultures and her- el ways and their governments As Nkwame Nkrumah pointed that, “Africa Matters and Africa more like an ultimatum to the itage, but to also take pride on are struggling to fulfil their re- out five decades ago, for Africa is the Future”. continent of Africa. their sense of shared identity sponsibility to protect them? Day to be cemented into the Hundreds of delegates from As I was attending the third and to celebrate their unity in Would these people really care fabric of our collective con- around the world who partici- annual scramble for Africa con- diversity. about celebrating Africa Day sciousness and to be accorded pated in the 3rd Scramble for ference during the Africa month, It provides the opportunity for while they are relegated to the the prominence it deserves, Africa Conference organized by I could tell that not only the those Africans who are separat- extremities of the political sys- “there is a need for Africans to Africa Institute of South Africa youth in the Arab Africa where ed from the mother continent to tem and while they continue to explain their own culture, and (AISA) between 20-21 May 2013 tired of being excluded, not only reconnect with Africa. It serves live in appalling conditions, lead- interpret their own thought and rightfully observed that, un- farm workers in De Doorns were as a reminder to Africans in dias- ing lives marred by vulnerability soul life, if the complete truth is doubtedly, Africa’s future is sick and tired of slave salaries, pora and those in the continent and lack of resilience? to be given to the other races of bright. Indeed, Africa is having a also the scholars could tell that about the connectedness of Afri- Can millions of Africans find the earth”. sense of urgency and Africa is the people want to be involved cans and their common struggles joy in celebrating this important Therefore, it suffices to say alive with possibilities. in the affairs of their motherland. over many decades. day in the calendar of the conti- that, this day should be used However, Africans, including Various scholars called for the In recent years, Africa Day has nent even though recent sus- as a space to reflect not only ordinary people, can only cele- African Union and African gov- also come to represent symbol- tained African economic growth on the inspiring milestones brate the many Africa Days to ernments to involve the general ism of the highest order. It has has not translated into improve- that have been achieved by the come with a sense of dignity, public when making decisions. come to be associated with dip- ments in their lives? leaders of the continent since pride and joy and nations of the The Third Tshwane declaration lomatic functions, musical con- As long as some Africa systems the formation of the OAU 50 world are to join the Old Romans was unanimously passed and certs, art exhibitions and aca- of governance are not in line years ago, but also on lived in saying “Semper aliquid novi delivered to the AU summit in demic seminars and confer- with people’s aspirations and experiences, current realities ex Africa” (from Africa always Addis Ababa Ethiopia. However, ences. But when stripped of its needs, Africa Day will be difficult and challenges faced by their come something new), ONLY if it’s still not clear if this call fell symbolism- what does Africa Day to celebrate with a joyful heart. motherland, Africa. Africa Day African policy makers and lead- into the right or deaf ear. That mean to different Africans of As long as unconstitutional should transcend symbolism- it ers intensify their efforts in declaration has been detailed different backgrounds, regions, changes of governments, ab- should move beyond being a bringing about improvements in out in this issue. ages and generations? sence of durable peace, corrup- symbolic affair. peoples’ lives and their commit- One should also commend the What is the significance and/ tion, bad governance, human Africa Day should not only be ment is followed by actions in African heads of states for delib- or essence of Africa Day? What rights violations, women and reduced into a day of festivities, addressing endemic structural, erating on many issues perti- does it mean to millions of un- child abuse are still prominent but rather, it should also be used policy and governance (both nent for Africa’s sustainable employed African youth, to the features of African public dis- as an opportunity to engage in economic and political) challeng- peace, stability, health and de- continent’s poorest households course, it would be difficult to strategic conversations about es facing the continent. velopment. Amongst those is- that continue to live under 1$ US convince ordinary Africans to the past, the present and the sues, was the announcement of dollar a day and to the most cherish this day. As one young future. Mbadlanyana is a Research the formation of the Africa’s vulnerable amongst us women African recently observed, as It should be a day when Afri- Specialist in the Governance Rapid Response Force to coun- and children? long as Eskia Mphahleles, Wole cans assess and reconstruct their and Security Programme of the ter the rebel forces that are Can Sahrawi people, Congo- Soyinkas, Chinua Achebes, Tsitsi past, understand the present, Africa Institute of South Africa destabilising and ousting demo- lese, Somalis, South Sudanese, Dangarembgas, Ngugi Wa Thion- tell new narratives, churn out (AISA). cratically elected governments Malians and people in Central gos and Ayi Arhams continue to new ideas and craft new visions in the continent. African Republic walk talk and play second fiddle to the Shake- for a peaceful and prosperous This article was originally pub- The recent death of the South pride themselves for being Afri- spears of the world, then cele- Africa. Africa Day should be lished on www.sabc.co.za/news. African soldiers in the hands of the Seleka rebels in Central Afri- can Republic will always come to mind when we touch on the issue of peace and security in Africa. May their Souls Rest in Peace! RESTORATIVE JUSTICE IN AFRICA The issue of health were dealt with in details when the AU heads of states met on a working From Trans-dimensional Knowledge to a Culture of lunch to discuss the scourge of HIV/Aids, Malaria and TB. It’s Harmony enlightening to see that all Afri- restorative justice in Africa and can leaders bow to fund their Editors: Dani Wadada Nabudere the principles and practices by own initiatives. The time for and Andreas Velthuizen which these challenges can be waiting for the west to come ISBN: 978-0-7983-0358-3 met. The authors revealed com- with the terms and conditions Size: 240mm x 160mm mon challenges to restorative coloured funding is long past. Extent: 154 Pages justice such as establishing the Africa must take financial re- Availability: April 2013 ‘truth’; the institutionalization sponsibility for its own problems. Published: AISA of recommendations by truth We could not talk about the and reconciliation bodies; the AU Jubilee without talking about This book was inspired by the handling of non-cooperative the South African liberation need of post-conflict societies to offenders; and replacing of struggle, both against colonial- manage knowledge resources in ‘good’ values’ with ‘bad’ values ism and the more ruthless such a way that it creates lasting as major challenges to restora- apartheid. For that reason, the restoration of durable peaceful tive justice. freedom day celebration fea- relationships among people. It To meet these challenges, tured prominently in this issue. aims to demonstrate the chal- they propose certain principles The national orders that saw lenges of the management of of trans-dimensional restorative South African citizens and for- knowledge for restorative justice justice: the establishment of ‘a eign nationals being awarded a in Africa and the principles and trans-dimensional knowledge token of appreciation to those practices by which these chal- foundation’ (not some version that stood by us. lenges can be met. of ‘the truth’); leadership in the The World Economic Forum To achieve this aim they ap- implementation of strategies which was held in Cape Town plied what they call the ‘Trans- and plans; restoration or estab- and the South African National dimensional Knowledge Man- lishment of good relations Child Protection Week also fea- agement Model (TDKM-M)’ to among all people (not only the tured prominently in this issue. specific cases of restorative jus- ruling elites); the identification With these and other issues tice in South Africa, , of tacit and unseen factors that that are making world head- , and . After will determine successful resto- lines, enjoy your reading. an analysis of the case studies, the authors successfully demon- ration of these relationships; Send your letters to : strated the challenges of the and changing these tacit and [email protected] management of knowledge for unseen factors. 2 Issued by the Africa Institute of South Africa (AISA) Volume 25 April/May 2013

Liberation will make Africa a “Champion”

ADZILIWI NEMATANDANI

IN SOUTH AFRICA, the celebra- contribute all we can and above tions of the African Union’s (AU) all build strong and trustful net- 50th anniversary kicked-off on working that endures with hard May 20 with the official opening work as fun,” said Prof. Muchie. of the third annual Scramble for The conference sought to ex- Africa Conference held at the plore the various mechanisms Manhattan Hotel. employed by the AU in Africa’s This year’s conference was integration and sustainable de- held under the theme “50 years velopment over the past 50 after the founding of the OAU: years. It also examined current Africa must unite or perish”. practices and propose realistic Close to 60 delegates from all alternatives for ensuring that the over the African continent and AU attains the vision of an inte- the Diaspora presented discus- grated, prosperous and peaceful sion documents at the two-day Africa in the next 50 years and conference which ended on beyond. Tuesday, May 21. The Third Annual Scramble for At the opening the Tshwane Africa Conference is produced University of Technology’s Re- concrete and implementable search Professor, Mammo Muchie recommendations in the form of from Ethiopia told the conference the Third Tshwane Declaration that the African liberation month to pass on to the 50 Years Pan- was chosen in order to address Africanism and the African Re- the challenges of continued naissance celebrations at the AU AFRICAN REDEMPTION… Professor Alphonse Keasley, University of Colorado’s Deputy Vice-Chancellor scramble for Africa and to oppose in Addis Ababa that held from 25 with AISA’s CEO, Prof. Phindile Lukhele-Olorunju at the opening of the Third Annual Scramble for Afri- it. Prof. Muchie further told the – 27 May. ca Conference. PICTURE: CITY OF TSHWANE conference to continue living the The conference is organised by spirit of liberation. the Africa Institute of South Afri- ”We hope the series of confer- ca (AISA) in partnership with the Department of Arts and Culture. their different cultures and herit- nival, gala dinner and showcas- ences will continue, our team City of Tshwane, Tshwane Uni- The local celebration was to age. The Africa Day Celebration ing of African arts and culture. It spirit grow and the opportunity versity of Technology, Thabo culminate at the Union Buildings comes as a token of highlighting attracts dignitaries from all over to make Africa the champion Mbeki African Leadership Insti- lawns on Saturday, May 25 with the economic potential that ex- Africa and is crowned by a huge with liberation against any form tute, Ditsong National Cultural the national Africa Day celebra- ists on the African continent. musical concert with perfor- of coloniality increase. The Museum of South Africa, Nation- tion. The event was aimed at The celebration would see a mances by various African space is open for all of us to al Research Foundation and the uniting Africans and celebrating series of events, including a car- artists. Not just GDP measurement, but its quality as well

AFRICA FIRST… African Union Chairperson Dr Nkosazana Dlamini Zuma at the World BILATERAL… President Jacob Zuma holds bilateral talks with President Bon Economic Forum. Yayi on the margins of the World Economic Forum PICTURE: GCIS ADZILIWI NEMATANDANI With the speculated annual and reduce African countries’ to find ways to step up the stemmed to increase the availa- confidence and interest in the growth of five percent in dependence on customs reve- growth and make it inclusive. bility of investible capital within continent by negotiating better 2012/2013, sub-Saharan Africa nues are other factors that Okonjo-Iweala’s sentiment Africa. terms of trade. However, he continues its transformative could provide buffers against was echoed by Pravin Gordhan, “Although foreign direct in- cautioned that the new self- journey from a developing conti- volatility and improve trade South African Minister of Fi- vestment in Africa is growing, confidence now evident in Afri- nent to a hub of global growth. flows by lessening the incentive nance, who said it is not only much of it is still going into the ca itself should not lead to hu- However, panelists at the World for countries to impose non- the measurement of gross do- resources sector. The challenge bris. Economic Forum believe that tariff barriers. mestic product that is im- of the next five years is to lay the Although according to the economic diversification is es- According to the Nigerian Fi- portant, but the quality of that basis for greater diversification World Bank, almost half of Afri- sential for African economies to nance Minister, Ngozi Okonjo- GDP. He said Africa needs to based on countries’ comparative ca’s countries have attained mid- build buffers against vulnerabil- Iweala, Africa’s growth rates are produce a new model of growth advantage. The time has certain- dle-income status, at the same ity in a volatile world. not a flash-in-the-pan as shown based on inclusivity and create ly come for Africa to start talking time, the continent’s positive They argued that creating a by the fact that, even in the un- new economic institutions both about what it is going to do for outlook is threatened by fluctu- savings culture and increased certain economic climate global- within and between countries itself,” Gordhan said. ating commodity prices, rising tax base to help fund intra- ly, Africa continues to grow. She to support it. The flow of capital He added that Africans should inequality and youth unemploy- African trade and investment said it was however, important out of the continent has to be take advantage of the increased ment.

3 Issued by the Africa Institute of South Africa (AISA) April/May 2013 Volume 25

Chronic youth unemployment in Africa is caused by lack of essential education

ADZILIWI NEMATANDANI Africans must decide on the best concrete and implementable education road map in order to recommendations in the form of empower Africans globally and the Third Tshwane Declaration. to liberate as well as to unify the Furthermore on education, the continent. This is according to a conference recommended that Canadian scholar, Prof. Oscar the Pan-African education curric- Brathwaite. ulum on all key subjects must be Prof. Brathwaite was presenting redesigned and be consistent a paper at the Third Annual with the promotion of African Scramble for Africa conference Unity and Renaissance. They held at the Manhattan Hotel to agreed that priority must be mark the 50 years anniversary of given to producing a series of the founding of the Organisation textbooks, printed and electron- of African Unity (OAU). ic resources stemming from pri- He argued that quality education mary education to tertiary level. is vital to the development of More than 110 scholars who Africa and the empowerment of attended the conference from all Africans worldwide. He further corners of the world agreed that said that quality education was a African publishing houses such foundation that determines a as Real African Publishers that nation’s development. convey the richness of African “Empirical evidence shows a contribution to world civilization critical mass of African youth must be produced in various experiencing chronic unemploy- formats and forms of expression. ment and underemployment, The recommendation also EDUCATION… Delegates at the two-day Scramble for Africa Conference left no stone unturned on edu- because they lack the essential stressed that the AU should raise cation matters PICTURE: CITY OF TSHWANE education, knowledge and skills resources like UNESCO did to to compete in the current job produce the series on African The Pan African Solidarity Educa- matters during the conference. Pan-Africanism and the African market,” said Prof. Brathwaite. history on all areas of learning tion Network (PASEN) is one of The conference ended on 21st Renaissance at the AU in Addis The conference which started on and training by promoting Afri- the conference’s networks that May with the declaration that Ababa Ethiopia held from 25 – 20th May sought to produce can unity and renaissance. focus on education related was passed on to the 50 Years 27 May. The Third Tshwane Declaration: 21st May 2013

Hundreds of delegates from around the world participated in the Third Annual Scramble for African Conference. The learned delegates presented sixty papers and deep reflection on where Africa is today and where she ought to be going were clearly articulated. Building up- on the First and Second Tshwane Declarations, the delegates unanimously declared Africa’s future is bright and Africa must stand up by making all Africans to remain committed to advancing the cause of African liberation, unity and renaissance.

 The Jubilee Year must de- world must first go through of all Africans, Diasporas or to systematize and sustain Fund and Resources (RTFR) clare and work fastidiously the AU and seek the ap- current citizens, across the Pan-African Congresses. so that all the knowledge towards ensuring that Afri- proval of the AU. world. An insurance scheme The Pan-African Congresses that has been lost can be ca’s entering into a com-  All AU institutions should to protect African immi- have gone through four regained. Through such an plete post-colonial condi- be upgraded from their grants covering health and phases: from 1900 to 1945 action the brain drain can tion becomes a reality. current advi- was the first Phase: therefore be reversed by  The African Renaissance sory roles to from 1945 to 1963 was creating brain gain. The must be promoted across decision- the second phase and goodwill and sincere the globe heralding the making and the third phase is from efforts by the global th important liberation imagi- transforma- 1963 to now. The 8 friends of Africa which nation thus ending post- tive agencies people centred African numbers tens of millions coloniality for good. to promote Congresses will take should be further incorpo-  The Jubilee year must be an African agen- place in January 2014. rated into contributing opportunity to providing for cy, dignity, The principle of African towards African Unity and Africans coming together freedom and unity focuses first and Renaissance. and learning to deal with independ- foremost on all citizens,  There is a need to create a major issues in the world by ence. irrespective of their Pan-African Technology responding and acting col-  All African abilities or vocations. Institute (PATI) that will lectively with a single voice states should  The AU must make encourage the production reflected in and by agreed be humble every effort to create of centres of excellence in policy direction and clarity. enough to the conditions for sus- key areas of African devel-  The AU must possess clear recognise the tainable education so opment, finally establishing authority to represent the AU first, com- that the people of Africa universities with global collective African voice and ing before know and own the AU as brand distinctions. This policy in dealing with and their respec- their very own organisa- should be part and parcel of responding to global devel- tive interna- tion. This is a process the Pan-African University opments. Without prior AU tional alliances. One aspect that must continue until that the AU is supporting, pensions primarily should consent, no outside author- that requires immediate the final aims are reached, which ought to be initiated be set up, and the AU ac- ity should be permitted to attention is a practical and whilst being fully funded by in the Jubilee Year. In this intervene militarily in Afri- constructive response to tively must insist that Afri- African citizens. regard the AU can promote cans be covered. can affairs. Any African defend Africans who face 9.The African Diaspora, research teams that work state that uses the military threats outside of Africa.  The AU should support the both historic and current, toward fostering inter- action against African and The AU must possess this efforts by intellectuals and must be attracted by cre- African research networks any other power in the ability to defend the rights civil societal organisations ating a Returning Talent Continued on Page 5 4 Issued by the Africa Institute of South Africa (AISA) Volume 25 April/May 2013 Continued from Page 5 ...the Third Tshwane Declaration across all academic fields achievements. tion to world civilization the AU. Furthermore, infra- that identifies and highlights and universities to ensure  The ‘Africa for Africans’ must be produced in various structural development the contemporary sustaina- active and productive closer Movement, that began after formats and forms of ex- linking air, land and sea ble solutions to employ- collaboration. The AU must the 1776 American War of pression. The AU should transports, and communica- ment and training challeng- create a sustainable African Independence and was in- raise resources like UNESCO tion must be systematically es. Research and Training Area spired by Ethiopianism the did to produce the series on organised and implement-  Recalling the fact that fifty that combines research, guiding principle of which is African history on all areas ed. NEPAD must evolve as years ago the OAU achieved science seminars and policy the celebration of African of learning and training by the planning agency to its self-declared aim of de- clusters. similarities by appreciating promoting African unity and guide the process of sys- colonization, we take over  A Pan-African science, tech- whatever differences Afri- renaissance. tematic structural transfor- the banner of liberation and nology, engineering, mathe- cans have, can still contrib-  The African development mation with full authority. continue in our path toward matics prize with a global ute towards African Unity agenda must be redesigned  Negotiations with multilat- realising fully and tirelessly distinction similar to the and Renaissance in the 21st so that the African economy eral agencies and major to see Africa rightfully Nobel Fund should be es- century. Africa must build is transformed structurally trading blocs should be con- emerge as its own leader in tablished which must en- social and trust capital along- from its current agricultural, ducted on an all-African the 21st century. AU must courage inter-African collab- side stronger human capital mineral commodity based collective, rather than on a promote the Africanness orative networking where in order to manage effective- foundation, to an integrated national or regional basis. identity above all identities the prize is not given to an ly physical, financial and nat- inter-African innovative  There should be global Pan- as the best way of express- individual but a group of ural capital. Negative brand- industrial manufacturing African networks for broad- ing the rights and freedoms cross-country researchers ing which includes corruption modern sustainable econo- casting Pan-African develop- of the people of Africa with or engineers that have col- and massive resource flight my. The issue of land-grab is ments including culture, as full dignity, confidence, self- laborated with the utmost from Africa needs to be ur- worrying and needs to be has been established by oth- reliance and liberation. merit. The Diaspora learned gently addressed. halted immediately. Inter- er states and international communities are expected  The Pan-African education African agricultural develop- organisations. This broad- The Third Tshwane Declaration to be active collaborators curriculum on all key sub- ment as a foundation for casting network should en- from South Africa should be and partners. jects must be redesigned industrial development deavour to quickly achieve communicated primarily to the  The AU must endeavour to and be consistent with the must be promoted. global brand recognition. African Union, all Africans and ensure the visibility of the promotion of African Unity  Integration efforts consist of  The key challenge of youth the many friends of Africa in the historical achievements of and Renaissance. Priority the four freedoms: labour, unemployment needs to be world. Africans in order to inspire must be given to producing goods, services and capital. addressed at the AU level generations of Africans to a series of textbooks, print- The AU must get its mem- where job creation can be Drafted by a team lead by Prof. replicate the achievements ed and electronic resources ber states to promote the integrated with learning, Mammo Muchie, and approved of their ancestors. African stemming from primary free movement of Africans training, innovation and unanimously by all the academ- indigenous knowledge sys- education to tertiary level. and the Diaspora. In the entrepreneurship. The AU ics and participants from across tems must be the founda- In this case African publish- mean time and immediately should establish an entre- the world that attended the tion for building African ing houses like Real African models of issuing visas to all preneurship and innovation Third Scramble for Africa Con- modernity and not copying Publishers that convey the Africans at the point of en- fund for young persons, as ference held in Pretoria during that undermines Africa’s richness of African contribu- try should be adopted by well as a research centre 20-21 May 2013. Freedom Agenda: Past, Present and Future

costly struggle. “is capable of acting as a HUMAN RIGHTS bridge between the academic CHAMPION… Rever- and policymaking communities, end Jesse Louis Jack- serving in the public interest as son receives the Or- an, arguably, independent voice der of OR Tambo in that translates applied and basic silver for dedicating policy research into a language his life to challenge and form that is understanda- societies and govern- ble, reliable, and accessible for ments to recognise policymakers and the general that all people are public,” said Prof Lukhele- born equal, and that Olorunju everyone is in equal Prof Lukhele-Olorunju said the measure entitled to event was historic because it life, liberty and pros- came at a time when South Afri- perity. cans, from all walks of life were preparing themselves to com- PICTURE: GCIS memorate 19 years of freedom and democracy. “This is the time when Afri- cans, celebrating the great work that our continental body, the OTSILE MALEBACO African Union (AU), continues to The South African annual com- civil rights activist Reverend Jes- one is equally entitled to life, held at the Sheraton Hotel. do in trying to bring a durable memoration of the first demo- se Jackson. liberty, prosperity and human In his presentation, Reverend peace in the continent. It comes cratic elections was held at the Reverend rights. Jackson spoke with conviction, at a time when the AU, through Union Building in Pretoria on Jackson re- We are free Ahead of the reminding his audience that its evolving African Peace and April 27. Freedom day, as it is ceived the Or- awards, the Afri- they were free but not equal, Security Architecture (APSA), is known, marks the end of many der of the ca Institute of free but not with adequate re- continuing with its strides to- years of oppression, segregation Companions of but not equal, South Africa sources. wards a transformed, peaceful, and white minority rule in the OR Tambo. He (AISA) hosted On that day AISA’s Chief exec- secure and prosperous Africa, as southern tip of Africa. was awarded we are free but Reverend Jack- utive, Prof Phindile Lukhele- demonstrated by the deploy- On that day, the South African for dedicating son where he Olorunju paid homage to the ment of Africa Forces in President, Jacob Zuma paid trib- his life to chal- not with ade- presented a pa- South African struggle heroes under the auspices of African ute to outstanding South African lenging socie- per titled Reflec- and heroines. She told the semi- Union Mission in Somalia citizens and foreign nationals by ties and gov- quate re- tions on the nar that her institute commits (AMISOM),” she added. bestowing them with national ernments into South African itself to ensuring the defence of More than 100 delegates orders at the presidential guest- recognising sources. Freedom Agenda: the sacred freedom that the attended the seminar. AISA was house. Amongst those who were that all people Past, Present and people of South Africa had won hosting Reverend Jackson for the awarded was the United States are born equal, and that every- Future in a seminar which was as a result of a long, difficult and second time in two years. 5 Issued by the Africa Institute of South Africa (AISA) April/May 2013 Volume 25

… Africa through lens glance

BILATERAL… President Jacob Zuma holds bilateral talks with Nigerian President Good- ULULATION… Supporters arrive for the Presidential inauguration of Kenya's fourth luck Jonathan during his visit to South Africa. President Uhuru Kenyatta held at the Kasarani sports complex in Nairobi, Kenya.

EDUCATION… Delegates at the third An- nual Scramble for Africa Con- ference dis- cussed many issues perti- nent for Afri- ca’s educa- tion. Over 118 delegates attended the conference from all over the continent and diaspora.

FREEDOM FOR ALL… Entertainers adorn streets in Pretoria during the Freedom Day celebrations.

LEADING THE WAY… President Jacob Zuma with Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan, President of South Salva Kirr and Democratic Republic of Congo President Joseph Kabila Kabange and other African heads of states at the inauguration ceremony of Uhu- ru Kenyatta held at the Kasarani sports complex in Nairobi, Kenya.

JUBILATION… Entertainers from different African countries perform during the 50th anniversary celebration of the African Union at the Millennium Hall in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

COMPANIONSHIP… Reverend Jesse Jackson addresses AISA Freedom Seminar ahead of the 2013 National Orders ceremony in Pretoria. 6 Issued by the Africa Institute of South Africa (AISA) Volume 25 April/May 2013

REGIONAL COOPERATION… Minister of International Relations and Coop- eration Maite Nkoana-Mashabane at the Southern African Development Community (SADC) Summit held on the side-lines of the African Union 21st Ordinary Session of the African Union Assembly in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. DINING FOR AFRICA… Minister of Arts and Culture, Paul Mashatile flanked by AISA staff at the Africa Day Gala Dinner held at the Sandton Convention Centre in May.

MANDELA LEGACY… Deputy President Kgalema Motlanthe hands FINDING SOLUTIONS FOR AFRICA’S DEVELOPMENTAL CHALLENGES… Delegates at the third An- over the refurbished premises and archival facilities of the Nelson nual Scramble for Africa Conference held in Manhattan Hotel many issues pertinent for Africa’s Mandela Centre of Memory to Sophia Williams-De Bruyn in Jo- development. Over 118 delegates attended the conference from all over the continent and dias- hannesburg. pora.

REBIRTH OF THE CONTINENT… Minister in the Presidency Trevor Manuel during the 15th African Renaissance conference held at the BLESSED HANDS THAT GIVETH… Executive Director of the African Centre for the Constructive Resolu- Inkosi Albert Luthuli International Convention Centre in Durban, tion of Disputes (ACCORD), Chairperson Nkosazana Dlamini Zuma, KwaZu- KwaZulu-Natal lu-Natal Premier Dr Zweli Mkhize and Ambassador Billy Modise during the gift handover at the AC- CORD House in Durban.

7 Issued by the Africa Institute of South Africa (AISA) April/May 2013 Volume 25 It takes a community to protect children

OTSILE MALEBACO seminar on the root cause of At the same breadth, Prof child abuse, molestation and Lukhele-Olorunju’s presenta- violence against children. tion shared the same sentiment The joint seminar was ad- arguing that home is the centre dressed by Dr Amelia Kleijn, an point of what happens later in independent social worker and life and that every child is born consultant together with AISA’s in a home and brought up by Chief Executive, Professor an adult. Phindile Lukhele-Olorunju. Although Dr Kleijn’s presenta- Dr Kleijn’s presentation was tion focused on the rape perpe- titled, Why do some men rape trated by adults on children, babies, and according to her, it delegates also discussed the dovetails on Prof Lukhele- role of parents and teachers in Olorunju’s article, It takes a vil- the safety and development of lage, but it starts with parents, children. which was also published by the Prof Lukhele-Olorunju directed Star newspaper on 12 February thorny questions to different 2013. segments of the society. Dr Kleijn’s presentation was a “Have we failed to play our collection of data from the inter- part as parents and guardians? view she had with incarcerated How many of us can beat our men serving correctional sen- chests and say we have done tences for the rape of children our best in instilling good val- under the age of three years. ues to our children and they She told the seminar that men are fully responsible for what who participated in her study had they become in future? appalling parental relationships How many children can de- FROM LEFT… AISA’s Chief Research Specialist in Governance and Security, Dr Sehlare Makgetlaneng, with terrible consequences. fend their parents in terms of Dr Amelia Kleijn and AISA’s CEO, Prof Phindile Lukhele-Olorunju during the child protection seminar. “These men have childhood being role models for them? PICTURE: OTSILE MALEBACO psycho-social histories associated How many parents are availa- In the past few months cases of died after being raped, allegedly attack by fellow pupils. It was with physical and emotional ble for their children to engage raped children, some barely out by an uncle, at Elim outside Ma- reported that Sefularo died after abuse, as well as neglect, experi- with?” asked Prof Lukhele- of their nappies were reported khado while another three year- she was lured into the veld and enced most particularly from Olorunju. across South Africa. In Limpopo, old was raped, also allegedly by stabbed, allegedly by a friend their mothers, within a milieu of Dr Kleijn has done work for three toddlers aged two and five an uncle in Mankweng. from her school. desperate poverty. Such depriva- the United Nations Office on were raped in separate incidents In another shocking incedent, Following the shocking preva- tion and maltreatment possibly Drugs and Crime (UNODC), the in the Tzaneen area. Lukhanyo High School Grade 10 lence of these rape and killing led to attachment difficulties and Department of Social Develop- According to media reports, few pupil Keamogetswe Sefularo, incidents, the Africa Institute of hampered the development of ment (DSD) as well as Khulisa weeks later an eight year-old girl was killed in an allegedly satanist South Africa (AISA) organised a adequate resilience,” she added. Management Services. We pledge to take proactive action to end child abuse ADZILIWI NEMATANDANI According to Save the Children The South African Department This year the CPW was com- South Africa, millions of children of Social Development launched memorated from 27 May to 2 around the world are in danger the 2013 National Child Protec- June under the theme, “Working of abuse, neglect, exploitation tion Week (CPW) at the Durban Together to Protect Children”. and violence – at home, in International Convention Centre The launch of this year’s CPW school, in the community or (ICC) on 27 May. corresponded with the opening during humanitarian emergen- At the launch, Social Develop- of the Orphans, Vulnerable Chil- cies. ment minister, Bathabile Dlamini dren and Youth (OVCY) Confer- In recent years, South Africa said the governments its com- ence on 27 May. has seen an increase in children mitment to continue its efforts The conferences served to migrating from , to address violence against promote and strengthen coordi- , and Swa- women and children through nation among different role- ziland, to seek a better life. Some partnerships and effective rele- players providing services to children migrate without an vant implementation of policies orphans and other vulnerable adult caregiver. and programmes. children and youth. Since 2010, Save the Children “We pledge to take proactive This year’s conference was South Africa’s focus has been on action to end the abuse, neglect held under the theme “Changing strengthening coordination be- and exploitation of children in Children’s Lives – What Works” tween key government depart- our country. Today we pledge to and it will covered tracks on ments and civil society organisa- work to identify more child vic- strengthening families and com- tions, as well as building the ca- tims of abuse, neglect and ex- munity based responses as a pacity of duty bearers tasked with ploitation, and to help and pro- support system for OVCY; peer making decisions in the best in- tect them.,“ she said. sharing and learning about best terests of children who migrate. Child Protection Week is com- practices for enhancing availabil- The organisation has increased memorated in the country annu- ity of high quality, timely data for awareness amongst local com- ally to raise awareness of the policy and programmatic deci- munities on the invisibility of rights of children as articulated sion making; addressing factors children on the move, especially in the Children's Act of 2005. The that render children vulnerable girls, and their particular vulner- campaign that began in 1997 and exploring effective ap- PROTECTING INNOCENT BLOOD… Minister of Social Development ability to exploitation and abuse, also aims to mobilise all sectors proaches to build resilience; as Bathabile Dlamini delivers a keynote address and official opening of as well as the need for better of society and communities in well as showcasing best practices the conference held at Inkosi Albert Luthuli Inter- protection for local vulnerable the effort of ensuring care and in strengthening coordination national Convention Centre in Durban. children. protection for children. among key stakeholders. PICTURE: GCIS 8 Issued by the Africa Institute of South Africa (AISA) Volume 25 April/May 2013 CONTRIBUTORS The scourge of HIV/AIDS still poses a bigger EDITOR IN CHIEF: Prof. challenge on Africa Phindile Lukhele-Olorunju EDITOR: Adziliwi Nematandani

addressing these epidemics and ASSISTANT EDITOR: Otsile diseases came from the develop- Malebaco ment community, Africa is now in a stronger position to lead, LANGUAGE EDITOR AND define and drive its own devel- PROOF READING: opment and more importantly an increasing number of African Pamela Morwane governments are increasing their domestic allocation to the health WRITERS IN THIS ISSUE: sector and in particular to the fight against HIV, AIDS, TB, Ma- Thembani Mbadlanyana laria and other diseases,” Presi- dent Zuma said. Otsile Malebaco He added that success in slow- ing down and eventually eradi- Adziliwi Nematandani cating these diseases requires bold leadership, innovation, flex- PHOTOGRAPHY ibility, investing in research to generate the evidence required Otsile Malebaco to inform policy, robust plan- ning, precise execution and a GCIS good monitoring and evaluation AFRICA UNITE… President Jacob Zuma is ushered to a multipurpose hall for a working lunch at the framework. City of Tshwane African Union headquarters in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. PICTURE: GCIS According to the AU, the annu- ADZILIWI NEMATANDANI al number of people newly in- LAYOUT: fected with HIV in Africa has The leadership of the African Responsibility and Global Solidar- He however, acknowledged the been reduced by 25% since 2001 Adziliwi Nematandani Union (AU) considers AIDS, Tu- ity for AIDS, TB and Malaria progress already made. He said, while the number of children berculosis, Malaria and other -2015). It was also to examine the over the past two decades, sig- acquiring HIV infection has also infectious diseases as emergen- guidelines on the implementation nificant progress has been made declined by 24% between 2009 GRAPHICS: cies requiring bold action, un- of the Roadmap. through a wide variety of mecha- and 2011. The number of people Otsile Malebaco precedented levels of financial President Zuma indicated that nisms at the international level who died from AIDS-related investments as well as sustained the scourge of HIV and AIDS such as the UN Declaration on causes was 32% lower in 2011 CONTACTS: political leadership. President counts amongst the major chal- Universal Access, the MDGs, than in 2005. Jacob Zuma told the lunch lenges that have faced the Afri- whilst at the Regional level, the Since 2001, nearly 13 million Embassy House meeting of the AIDS Watch Afri- can continent. He said Africa has efforts have been guided by nu- people in Africa have been 1 Bailey Lane ca (AWA) action committee of had to contend with a significant merous declarations such as the reached with TB treatment while (Cnr Edmond Street) Heads of State and Government burden of disease due to emerg- Abuja Declaration, 2001, the the burden of malaria in Africa is held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. ing and re-emerging epidemics, Abuja Call to Action, the Frame- down by one third, and eight Arcadia The meeting was aimed at re- a wide variety of communicable work on Sexual and Reproductive countries are already achieving Pretoria, South Africa flecting on the progress made in diseases and more recently a Health, amongst many others. the targeted reduction of 75% in Switchboard: +27 12 304 9700 the first year of the implementa- looming challenge of non- “Whilst a significant compo- the incidence of malaria since Tel: +27 12 304 9729/51 tion of the Roadmap for Shared communicable diseases. nent of resources dedicated to 2000. E-mail [email protected]

TRIUMPH AND PROSPERITY OF EDUCATION IN AFRICA

Editors: Tuntufye Mwamwenda primary, secondary and universi- the five regions of the continent and Phindile Lukhele-Olorunju ty education. Such resolutions examine the state of the educa- ISBN: 978-0-7983-0371-2 and goals were made in light of tion system in different countries. Size: 240mm x 170mm Africa’s social, political, econom- The book exposes the enor- Extent: 700 Pages ic and national development. mous strides that Africa has Availability: May 2013 The book was put together with made at all levels of the educa- Price: R275.00 an emphasis to examine the ex- tion system – early childhood Published: AISA tent to which such goals and reso- education, primary, secondary lutions were being reached in and higher education levels. It is The Triumph and Prosperity of light of the deadline of the year recommended that all Africans Education in Africa examines 2015, set for the world millenni- and people from other countries education in the continent of um development goals (MGDs). read this book in order to appre- Africa for the past thirty years, Moreover, special attention was ciate the strides Africa has made with emphasis on the two dec- paid to the following important in transforming the education ades, when Ministers of Educa- aspects: education language poli- system and advancing its people. tion of the African Union (AU) cy as a medium of instruction; made various resolutions and human capital flight as reflected To Order Contact: goals of what they want in the brain drain in Africa; and Africa Institute of South Africa achieved at four various levels of indigenous knowledge systems. Tel: +12 304 9700 the education system, namely Twenty-two African scholars Fax: +12 323 8153 early childhood development, from fifteen African countries of Email: [email protected]

Africa Institute of South Africa Embassy House Tel: +27 12 304 9700

PO Box 630 1Bailey Lane Fax:+27 12 323 8153 Pretoria Arcadia Email: [email protected] South Africa Pretoria Website: www.ai.org.za 0001

9 Issued by the Africa Institute of South Africa (AISA)