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Geologic Map of the Central San Juan Caldera Cluster, Southwestern Colorado by Peter W
Geologic Map of the Central San Juan Caldera Cluster, Southwestern Colorado By Peter W. Lipman Pamphlet to accompany Geologic Investigations Series I–2799 dacite Ceobolla Creek Tuff Nelson Mountain Tuff, rhyolite Rat Creek Tuff, dacite Cebolla Creek Tuff Rat Creek Tuff, rhyolite Wheeler Geologic Monument (Half Moon Pass quadrangle) provides exceptional exposures of three outflow tuff sheets erupted from the San Luis caldera complex. Lowest sheet is Rat Creek Tuff, which is nonwelded throughout but grades upward from light-tan rhyolite (~74% SiO2) into pale brown dacite (~66% SiO2) that contains sparse dark-brown andesitic scoria. Distinctive hornblende-rich middle Cebolla Creek Tuff contains basal surge beds, overlain by vitrophyre of uniform mafic dacite that becomes less welded upward. Uppermost Nelson Mountain Tuff consists of nonwelded to weakly welded, crystal-poor rhyolite, which grades upward to a densely welded caprock of crystal-rich dacite (~68% SiO2). White arrows show contacts between outflow units. 2006 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey CONTENTS Geologic setting . 1 Volcanism . 1 Structure . 2 Methods of study . 3 Description of map units . 4 Surficial deposits . 4 Glacial deposits . 4 Postcaldera volcanic rocks . 4 Hinsdale Formation . 4 Los Pinos Formation . 5 Oligocene volcanic rocks . 5 Rocks of the Creede Caldera cycle . 5 Creede Formation . 5 Fisher Dacite . 5 Snowshoe Mountain Tuff . 6 Rocks of the San Luis caldera complex . 7 Rocks of the Nelson Mountain caldera cycle . 7 Rocks of the Cebolla Creek caldera cycle . 9 Rocks of the Rat Creek caldera cycle . 10 Lava flows premonitory(?) to San Luis caldera complex . .11 Rocks of the South River caldera cycle . -
Review and Updated Checklist of Freshwater Fishes of Iran: Taxonomy, Distribution and Conservation Status
Iran. J. Ichthyol. (March 2017), 4(Suppl. 1): 1–114 Received: October 18, 2016 © 2017 Iranian Society of Ichthyology Accepted: February 30, 2017 P-ISSN: 2383-1561; E-ISSN: 2383-0964 doi: 10.7508/iji.2017 http://www.ijichthyol.org Review and updated checklist of freshwater fishes of Iran: Taxonomy, distribution and conservation status Hamid Reza ESMAEILI1*, Hamidreza MEHRABAN1, Keivan ABBASI2, Yazdan KEIVANY3, Brian W. COAD4 1Ichthyology and Molecular Systematics Research Laboratory, Zoology Section, Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran 2Inland Waters Aquaculture Research Center. Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute. Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Bandar Anzali, Iran 3Department of Natural Resources (Fisheries Division), Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran 4Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Ontario, K1P 6P4 Canada *Email: [email protected] Abstract: This checklist aims to reviews and summarize the results of the systematic and zoogeographical research on the Iranian inland ichthyofauna that has been carried out for more than 200 years. Since the work of J.J. Heckel (1846-1849), the number of valid species has increased significantly and the systematic status of many of the species has changed, and reorganization and updating of the published information has become essential. Here we take the opportunity to provide a new and updated checklist of freshwater fishes of Iran based on literature and taxon occurrence data obtained from natural history and new fish collections. This article lists 288 species in 107 genera, 28 families, 22 orders and 3 classes reported from different Iranian basins. However, presence of 23 reported species in Iranian waters needs confirmation by specimens. -
Temporal Evolution of the Barombi Mbo Maar, a Polygenetic Maar-Diatreme Volcano of the Cameroon Volcanic Line*
International Journal of Geosciences, 2014, 5, 1315-1323 Published Online October 2014 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/ijg http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2014.511108 Temporal Evolution of the Barombi Mbo Maar, a Polygenetic Maar-Diatreme Volcano of the Cameroon Volcanic Line* Boris Chako Tchamabé1#, Takeshi Ohba1, Issa1, Seigo Ooki1, Dieudonné Youmen2, Sebastien Owona2, Gregory Tanyileke3, Joseph Victor Hell3 1Laboratory of Volcanology and Geochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Tokai University, Tokyo, Japan 2Department of Earth Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon 3Institute of Mining and Geological Research (IRGM), Yaoundé, Cameroon Email: #[email protected] Received 1 August 2014; revised 25 August 2014; accepted 15 September 2014 Copyright © 2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract The Barombi Mbo Maar (BMM), which is the largest maar in Cameroon, possesses about 126 m- thick well-preserved pyroclastic deposits sequence in which two successive paleosoil beds have been identified. The maar was thought to have been active a million years ago. However, layers stratigraphically separated by the identified paleosoils have been dated to shed lights on its age and to reconstruct the chronology of its past activity. The results showed that the BMM formed through three eruptive cycles: the first ~0.51 Ma ago, the second at ~0.2 Ma and the third ~0.08 Ma B.P. The ages indicate that the BMM maar-forming eruptions were younger than a million years. The findings also suggested that the maar is polygenetic. -
Maps of Caves Surveyed by Saudi Geological Survey, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
MAPS OF CAVES SURVEYED BY SAUDI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA COMPILED BY SAUDI CAVE UNIT Abstract This collection consists of nineteen maps and sketches of caves in Saudi Arabia explored by the Saudi Geological Survey Cave Unit between 2000 and 2004. Twelve are limestone caves located in the Umm er Radhuma or Aruma formations or in the overlying, unnamed Tsm formation. Seven are lava caves, located in Harrats Khaybar, Ithnayn, Kishb and Nawasif-Buqum. Each map or sketch is accompanied by a brief description of the cave itself, its geological setting and its location. A discussion is included of techniques and problems related to surveying caves in the Saudi Arabian environment as well as a brief history of cave exploration and mapping in Saudi Arabia. ϑϮϬϜϟ ςήΧ ΔϳΩϮόδϟ ΔϴΟϮϟϮϴΠϟ ΔΣΎδϤϟ ΔΌϴϫ ΔτγϮΑ ΎϬΤδϣ ϢΗ ϲΘϟ ΔϳΩϮόδϟ ΔϴΑήόϟ ΔϜϠϤϤϟ ϲϓ ϊϴϤΠΗ ΔϳΩϮόδϟ ϑϮϬϜϟ ΓΪΣϭ ΔλϼΨϟ ΔΌѧѧϴϬΑ ϑϮѧѧϬϜϟ ΓΪѧѧΣϭ ΎϬΘϔθѧѧϜΘγ ϲѧѧΘϟ ϑϮѧѧϬϜϠϟ ϲѧѧτϴτΨΗ Ϣѧѧγέϭ ΔτϳήѧѧΧ Γήθѧѧϋ ϊδѧѧΗ Ϧѧѧϣ ΔϋϮѧѧϤΠϤϟ ϩάѧѧϫ ϒϟ΄ΘѧѧΗ ˱ΎϔϬϛ ήθϋ ΎϨΛ ϊϘΗϭ . ϡ 2004 ϭ 2000 ϲϣΎϋ ϦϴΑ ΔϳΩϮόδѧϟ ΔϴΑήѧόϟ ΔѧϜϠϤϤϟ ϲѧϓ ΔϳΩϮόδѧϟ ΔϴѧΟϮϟϮϴΠϟ ΔΣΎδѧϤϟ ϊΑΎΘϟϭ ΎϫϮϠόϳ ϱάϟ ϥϮϜΘϤϟ ϞΧΩ ϭ Δϣήϋ ϥϮϜΘѧϣ ϭ ΔϣϮѧοήϟ ϡ ϥϮϜΘѧϣ ϲѧϓ ϱήѧϴΟ ήѧΠΣ ϑϮѧϬϛ ϲѧϫϭ ΎϬϨѧϣ ΓήΣϭ ήΒϴΧ ΓήΣ ϲϓ ϊϘΗ ˬ ΔϴΑϻ ϑϮϬϛ ϲϫ ϑϮѧϬϜϟ ϩάѧϫ Ϧѧϣ ΔόΒѧγϭ . ΪѧόΑ ϪΘϴϤδѧΗ ϢΘѧΗ Ϣѧϟ ϱάѧϟϭ ϲѧΛϼΜϟ ήμѧόϠϟ ϒϬϜϠϟ ήμΘΨϣ ϒλϮΑ ΏϮΤμϣ ϒѧϬϜϠϟ ϲѧτϴτΨΗ Ϣѧγέ ϭ ΔτϳήѧΧ Ϟѧϛϭ .ϡϮϘΒѧϟ ϒѧλϮϧϭ ΐθѧϛ ΓήѧΣϭ ϦϴѧϨΛ ΔΌѧѧϴΑ ϲѧѧϓ ϑϮѧѧϬϜϟ δѧѧϤΑ ΔϘϠόΘѧѧϤϟ ΕϼϜθѧѧϤϟϭ ΕΎϴѧѧϨϘΘϟ ΔѧѧγέΪϟ ϞϤθѧѧΗϭ.ϪόϗϮѧѧϣϭ ϲѧѧΟϮϟϮϴΠϟ ϪόѧѧοϮϟ ϴѧѧοϮΗϭ ΔϴΑήѧѧόϟ ΔѧѧϜϠϤϤϟ ϲѧѧϓ ϑϮѧѧϬϜϟ ςϳήѧѧΨΗϭ ϑΎθѧѧϜΘγ ΦϳέΎΘѧѧϟ κѧѧΨϠϣ ϰѧѧϟ· ΔϓΎѧѧοϹΎΑ ˬ ΔϳΩϮόδѧѧϟ ΔϴΑήѧѧόϟ ΔѧѧϜϠϤϤϟ . -
Rare Birds in Iran in the Late 1960S and 1970S
Podoces, 2008, 3(1/2): 1–30 Rare Birds in Iran in the Late 1960s and 1970s DEREK A. SCOTT Castletownbere Post Office, Castletownbere, Co. Cork, Ireland. Email: [email protected] Received 26 July 2008; accepted 14 September 2008 Abstract: The 12-year period from 1967 to 1978 was a period of intense ornithological activity in Iran. The Ornithology Unit in the Department of the Environment carried out numerous surveys throughout the country; several important international ornithological expeditions visited Iran and subsequently published their findings, and a number of resident and visiting bird-watchers kept detailed records of their observations and submitted these to the Ornithology Unit. These activities added greatly to our knowledge of the status and distribution of birds in Iran, and produced many records of birds which had rarely if ever been recorded in Iran before. This paper gives details of all records known to the author of 92 species that were recorded as rarities in Iran during the 12-year period under review. These include 18 species that had not previously been recorded in Iran, a further 67 species that were recorded on fewer than 13 occasions, and seven slightly commoner species for which there were very few records prior to 1967. All records of four distinctive subspecies are also included. The 29 species that were known from Iran prior to 1967 but not recorded during the period under review are listed in an Appendix. Keywords: Rare birds, rarities, 1970s, status, distribution, Iran. INTRODUCTION Eftekhar, E. Kahrom and J. Mansoori, several of whom quickly became keen ornithologists. -
(2000), Voluminous Lava-Like Precursor to a Major Ash-Flow
Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 98 (2000) 153–171 www.elsevier.nl/locate/jvolgeores Voluminous lava-like precursor to a major ash-flow tuff: low-column pyroclastic eruption of the Pagosa Peak Dacite, San Juan volcanic field, Colorado O. Bachmanna,*, M.A. Dungana, P.W. Lipmanb aSection des Sciences de la Terre de l’Universite´ de Gene`ve, 13, Rue des Maraıˆchers, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland bUS Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Park, CA, USA Received 26 May 1999; received in revised form 8 November 1999; accepted 8 November 1999 Abstract The Pagosa Peak Dacite is an unusual pyroclastic deposit that immediately predated eruption of the enormous Fish Canyon Tuff (ϳ5000 km3) from the La Garita caldera at 28 Ma. The Pagosa Peak Dacite is thick (to 1 km), voluminous (Ͼ200 km3), and has a high aspect ratio (1:50) similar to those of silicic lava flows. It contains a high proportion (40–60%) of juvenile clasts (to 3–4 m) emplaced as viscous magma that was less vesiculated than typical pumice. Accidental lithic fragments are absent above the basal 5–10% of the unit. Thick densely welded proximal deposits flowed rheomorphically due to gravitational spreading, despite the very high viscosity of the crystal-rich magma, resulting in a macroscopic appearance similar to flow- layered silicic lava. Although it is a separate depositional unit, the Pagosa Peak Dacite is indistinguishable from the overlying Fish Canyon Tuff in bulk-rock chemistry, phenocryst compositions, and 40Ar/39Ar age. The unusual characteristics of this deposit are interpreted as consequences of eruption by low-column pyroclastic fountaining and lateral transport as dense, poorly inflated pyroclastic flows. -
Source to Surface Model of Monogenetic Volcanism: a Critical Review
Downloaded from http://sp.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on September 28, 2021 Source to surface model of monogenetic volcanism: a critical review I. E. M. SMITH1 &K.NE´ METH2* 1School of Environment, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand 2Volcanic Risk Solutions, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand *Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Small-scale volcanic systems are the most widespread type of volcanism on Earth and occur in all of the main tectonic settings. Most commonly, these systems erupt basaltic magmas within a wide compositional range from strongly silica undersaturated to saturated and oversatu- rated; less commonly, the spectrum includes more siliceous compositions. Small-scale volcanic systems are commonly monogenetic in the sense that they are represented at the Earth’s surface by fields of small volcanoes, each the product of a temporally restricted eruption of a composition- ally distinct batch of magma, and this is in contrast to polygenetic systems characterized by rela- tively large edifices built by multiple eruptions over longer periods of time involving magmas with diverse origins. Eruption styles of small-scale volcanoes range from pyroclastic to effusive, and are strongly controlled by the relative influence of the characteristics of the magmatic system and the surface environment. Gold Open Access: This article is published under the terms of the CC-BY 3.0 license. Small-scale basaltic magmatic systems characteris- hazards associated with eruptions, and this is tically occur at the Earth’s surface as fields of small particularly true where volcanic fields are in close monogenetic volcanoes. These volcanoes are the proximity to population centres. -
The Harrat Al-Birk Basalts in Southwest Saudi Arabia: Characteristic Alkali Mafic Magmatism Related to Red Sea Rifting
Acta Geochim (2017) 36(1):74–88 DOI 10.1007/s11631-016-0126-2 ORIGINAL ARTICLE The Harrat Al-Birk basalts in southwest Saudi Arabia: characteristic alkali mafic magmatism related to Red Sea rifting Rami A. Bakhsh1 Received: 17 June 2016 / Revised: 31 July 2016 / Accepted: 19 September 2016 / Published online: 24 September 2016 Ó Science Press, Institute of Geochemistry, CAS and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016 Abstract Harrat Al-Birk volcanics are products of the Red separation of clinopyroxene followed by amphiboles and Sea rift in southwest Saudi Arabia that started in the Ter- Fe–Ti oxides, particularly ilmenite. Accordingly, the Har- tiary and reached its climax at *5 Ma. This volcanic field rat Al-Birk alkali basalts underwent crystal fractionation is almost monotonous and is dominated by basalts that that is completely absent in the exotic mantle xenoliths include mafic–ultramafic mantle xenoliths (gabbro, web- (e.g. Nemeth et al. in The Pleistocene Jabal Akwa Al sterite, and garnet-clinopyroxenite). The present work Yamaniah maar/tuff ring-scoria cone complex as an anal- presents the first detailed petrographic and geochemical ogy for future phreatomagmatic to magmatic explosive notes about the basalts. They comprise vesicular basalt, eruption scenarios in the Jizan Region, SW Saudi Arabia porphyritic basalt, and flow-textured basalt, in addition to 2014). red and black scoria. Geochemically, the volcanic rock varieties of the Harrat Al-Birk are low- to medium-Ti, Keywords Harrat Al-Birk Á Alkaline basalt Á Red Sea sodic-alkaline olivine basalts with an enriched oceanic rifting Á Hydrous mantle Á Reworked oceanic crust island signature but extruded in a within-plate environ- ment. -
ASAR Interferometry at Piton De La Fournaise, Preliminary Results
ASAR Interferometry at Piton de la Fournaise, preliminary results FROGER Jean-Luc1, FUKUSHIMA Yo2, BRIOLE Pierre3, STAUDACHER Thomas4, SOURIOT Thierry2, VILLENEUVE Nicolas5, CHEMINEE Jean-Louis3 1 : Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) UR31 "Processus et Aléas Volcaniques", LMV, UBP - UMR 6524. 5, rue Kessler, 63 038 Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE 2 : Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, Université Blaise Pascal - UMR 6524. 5, rue Kessler, 63 038 Clermont- Ferrand, FRANCE 3: CNRS-UMR 7580, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris 75005, FRANCE 4: Observatoire Volcanologique du Piton de la Fournaise, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, 14 RN3, le 27ème, 97418 La Plaine des Cafres, LA REUNION 5: Université de la Réunion, 15, avenue René Cassin, BP 7151 97715 Saint-Denis, messag cedex 9, LA REUNION Since the detection of surface deformation at Mount Etna, several geodetic studies have been performed on volcanoes with radar interferometric data acquired by the European ERS-1 and ERS-2 satellites, the Japanese JERS-1 satellite and the Canadian RADARSAT-1 satellite. Here we present the preliminary results of an interferometric study of Piton de la Fournaise volcano, Réunion Island, with Synthetic Aperture Radar images acquired by the ASAR- ENVISAT satellite. Launched in March 2002 by the European Space Agency, ENVISAT is an Earth observation dedicated satellite and its payload consists of a set of instruments for measuring the atmosphere and the surface through the atmosphere. One of these instruments is the ASAR radar designed to provide for continuity of the observations started with the SAR on board of the ERS satellites. -
MEKE MAAR / Republic of Turkey 1. Name and Adress of the Compiler Of
MEKE MAAR / Republic of Turkey 1. Name and adress of the compiler of this form: Selim ERDOGAN (Hydrogeological Engineer, M.Sc) Ministry of Environment & Forestry., General Directorate of Nature Conservation & National Parks., Wetlands Division Address: Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı, İstanbul Caddesi No: 98 Phone: 0090 312 3840510 / 3021 Fax: 0090 312 3842476 Email: [email protected] 2. Date this sheet was completed/updated 01.02.2006 3. Country: Republic of Turkey 4. Name of the Ramsar Site Meke Maar 5. Map of Site included A site map of 1:25 000 scale and providing the characteristics indicated in the Annex III of this guideline is included in this package. a) Hard Copy: YES b) Digital (electronic) Format: YES 6. Geographical Coordinates: 33038’28’’ E., 37041’10’’ N 7. General Location: Turkey is separated into 82 administrative districts. As regards area extension, Konya is the largest district of Turkey. It’s also the 4th biggest city with approximately 2 million habitants. Meke Maar is situated in Konya district. The distance of it to the center of the city is approximately 101 km (towards the south of the district). The subdivision in which the Meke Maar is located, is Karapınar and it’s 8 km far from the site. 8. Elevation: 1004 m (minimum – the elevation of the plain on which the maar is situated) 1280 m (maximum – the elevation of the crater of the volcano) 9. Area: 202 hectares 10. Overview: Meke Maar is a volcanic system which contains typically a volcanic rock mass and a crater lake up above. However the system differs from other volcanic systems with its caldera lake surrounding the volcanic mass (See pictures in Annex 2). -
SIM 3428 Pamphlet
Geologic Map of the Northern Harrat Rahat Volcanic Field, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia By Drew T. Downs, Joel E. Robinson, Mark E. Stelten, Duane E. Champion, Hannah R. Dietterich, Thomas W. Sisson, Hani Zahran, Khalid Hassan, and Jamal Shawali Pamphlet to accompany U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3428 Saudi Geological Survey Special Report SGS–SP–2019–2 2019 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior DAVID BERNHARDT, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey James F. Reilly II, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2019 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment—visit https://www.usgs.gov or call 1–888–ASK–USGS. For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit https://store.usgs.gov. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it also may contain copyrighted materials as noted in the text. Permission to reproduce copyrighted items must be secured from the copyright owner. Suggested citation: Downs, D.T., Robinson, J.E., Stelten, M.E., Champion, D.E., Dietterich, H.R., Sisson, T.W., Zahran, H., Hassan, K., and Shawali, J., 2019, Geologic map of the northern Harrat Rahat volcanic field, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3428 [also released as Saudi Geological Survey Special Report SGS–SP–2019–2], 65 p., 4 sheets, scales 1:75,000, 1:25,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3428. -
Saudi Voyager Magazine, Al Wahba Crater, Randa
TITLE: Sleeping Beauty STANDFIRST: Saudi Arabia’s Al Wahba0 Crater is at the centre of one of the geographic wonders of Saudi Arabia, attracting visitors and academics from around the world. An experience not to be missed, Randa Saab Smith tells Saudi Voyager what to expect. BODY TEXT: The spectacular formations and unique terrain of the volcanic areas of Saudi Arabia have been intriguing Saudi and expatriate adventurers, scientists and explorers for decades. Even so, the volcanoes themselves have only recently begun to pique the interest of volcanologists, having largely gone unnoticed until the past decade, but now drawing interest from around the world. A number of harrats, or volcanic lava fields, cross the Kingdom. The distribution is thought to be associated with early seismic activity over the last 25 million years, and that resulted in a number of fissures splitting the Arabian Peninsula from the African continent and leading to the formation of the Red Sea. The harrats cover a broad area that links Yemen in the south to Syria in the north over a broad sweep of 180,000 square kilometres. The last well-documented eruption in Saudi Arabia occurred in the northern end of Harrat Rahat near Al Madinah in 1256AD and was preceded by significant earthquake activity for several days. Then, fountains of basalt lava spewed from the southeast of Al Madinah, with lava flow slowly advancing toward the city. The eruption would continue for 52 days, when the molten rock started to cool at just 12km away. About half a cubic kilometer of alkali olivine basalt was extruded from a 2.25 km-long fissure during this eruption, and the lava covered a distance of 23 km.