Rohtas District, Bihar State
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भूजल सूचना पुस्तिका रोहिास स्जला, बिहार Ground Water Information Booklet Rohtas District, Bihar State केन्द्रीय भूमिजल बो셍ड Central Ground water Board Ministry of Water Resources जल संसाधन िंत्रालय (Govt. of India) (भारि सरकार) Mid-Eastern Region म鵍य-पूर्वी क्षेत्र Patna पटना ससिंिर 2013 September 2013 Ground Water Information Booklet Rohtas 1 Prepared By - Sh. S S Purty, Sc – ‘B’ Ground Water Information Booklet Rohtas 2 CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION Page No. 1.1 Location, Area and Administrative Details : 7 1.2 Basin/Sub-Basin and Drainage : 7 1.3 Land use, Agriculture and Irrigation Practices : 9 1.4 Studies/Activities carried out by CGWB : 10 2.0 CLIMATE AND RAINFALL : 10 3.0 GEOMORPHOLOGY AND SOIL : 11 3.1 Geomorphology : 11 3.2 Soil : 11 4.0 GROUND WATER SCENARIO : 11 4.1 Water Bearing Formations : 11 4.2 Depth to Water Level : 13 4.3 Ground Water Quality : 14 4.4 Ground Water Resources : 16 5.0 GROUND WATER MANAGEMENT STRATEGY : 18 5.1 Ground Water Development : 18 5.2 Design and construction of Tube Wells : 18 5.3 Water Conservation and Artificial Recharge : 19 6.0 GROUND WATER RELATED ISSUES AND RELATED PROBLEMS: : 19 7.0 MASS AWARENESS AND TRAINING PROGRAMME : 19 8.0 AREA NOTIFIED BY CENTRAL GROUND WATER AUTHORITY/ STATE GROUND WATER AUTHORITY : 19 9.0 RECOMMENDATION : 19 Ground Water Information Booklet Rohtas 3 LIST OF TABLES Table No Title Page No. Table 1 Administrative unit of Rohtas district 7 Table 2 Land Utilisation 9 Table 3 Agriculture Season and Major Crops. 9 Table 4 Groundwater Quality 15 Table 5 Min. & max. range of chemical parameter 15 Table 6 Net Groundwater Availability and Stage of Groundwater Development 16 Table 7 Proposed design of Deep Tube well 18 Table 8 Proposed slot-openings for slotted pipes 19 LIST OF FIGURES Fig. No Title Page No. Figure 1 Administrative details 8 Figure 2 Monthly distribution of normal rainfall in Rohtas district 10 Figure 3 Hydrogeological cross Section 12 Figure 4 Pre-monsoon depth to water level map 13 Figure 5 Post-monsoon depth to water level map 14 Figure 6 Stage of Groundwater Development and in blocks of Rohtas district. 17 Ground Water Information Booklet Rohtas 4 GROUNDWATER INFORMATION BOOKLET ROHTAS DISTRICT ROHTAS DISTRICT AT A GLANCE SN ITEMS STATISTICS 1. GENERAL INFORMATION I Geographical Area (Sq. Km.) 3851 II Administrative Divisions 3 No. of Panchayats/Villages 244/2088 Number of Tehsil/Block 19 III Population (As per 2011 Census) Rural: 2103116 Urban: 347632 IV Average Annual Rainfall (mm) 1144.20 2 GEOMORPHOLOGY Major Physiographic Units flat terrain, sub-hilly region Major Drainages Sone river 3 LAND USE i) Forest Area 667.23 sq.km j) Net Area Sown 2386.7 sq.km k) Cultivable Area 2817.96 sq. km 4 MAJOR SOIL TYPES Udifluvents, Paleustalfs, Haplaqents, Haplustalfs, Rhodustalfs 5 PRINCIPAL CROPS Rice, Maize 6 IRRIGATION BY DIFFERENT SOURCES (Area in hectares) Dugwells - Tubewells/Borewells (STW) 22069 Tanks/ponds - Canals 163686 Other Sources 6610 Net Irrigated Area 192365 Gross Irrigated Area - Ground Water Information Booklet Rohtas 5 7 NUMBER OF GROUND WATER MONITERING WELLS OF CGWB (2011) No. of Dugwells 14 No. of Piezometers Nil 8 PREDOMINANT GEOLOGICAL FORMATIONS Alluvium, Sandstone & Limestone 9 HYDROGEOLOGY Major water bearing formations Alluvium & Sandstone Pre-monsoon Depth to water level during 2011 4.98 – 12.08 m bgl Post-monsoon Depth to water level during 2011 1.25 -7.98 m bgl Long term water level trend in last 10 yrs(2002 –2011) No significant decline in m/yr 10 GROUND WATER EXPLORATION BY CGWB (As on 31-03-2013) No. of well drilled (EW,OW, PZ, SH, Total) EW-2 Depth Range (m) - Discharge (m3/hr) - Storativity (s) - Transmissitivity (m2/day) - 11 GROUND WATER QUALITY Presence of Chemical constituents more than the F at places permissible limit (e.g. EC, F, As, F) Type of Water Potable 12 DYNAMIC GROUND WATER RESOURCES (as on Fluoride contamination 31st March 2009) in mcm. Annual Replenishible Ground Water Resources 1070.53 ha.m Net Annual Ground Water Draft 38519 ha.m Projected Demand for Domestic and Industrial Uses up 7370 ha.m to 2025 Stage of Ground Water Development 36.0% 13 AWARENESS AND TRAINING ACTIVITY One day Training Programme Organized Nil Date - Place - No. of Participants - 14 GROUND WATER CONTROL AND REGULATION No. of OE Blocks Nil No. of Critical Blocks Nil No. of Blocks Notified Nil 15 MAJOR GROUND WATER PROBLEMS AND High fluoride concentration ISSUES Ground Water Information Booklet Rohtas 6 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Location, Area and Administrative Details Rohtas is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar located in the south-western part of the State and occupies an area of 3851 Sq Km. Rohtas district extends between N. latitude 24°29’ and 25°22’40” and E. longitudes 83°19’ and 84°29’ and falls in Survey of India Degree Sheet No. 63O, 63P, 72C, and 72D. It bounded on the north by the district of Buxer and Bhojpur on the South by the district of Palamu & Garhwa of Jharkhand State on the east, by the district of Aurangabad and part of Gaya district and on the west, the district of Kaimur (Bhabhua). The river Sone forms the southern and eastern boundary of the district. After independence, Rohtas remained a part of the Bhojpur district but in 1972, Rohtas formed a separate district which have been administratively divided into three sub-divisions namely Sasaram, Bikraganj, Dehri with district headquarter at Sasaram. At present the district comprises 19 administrative blocks, 244 Panchayat and 2088 villages. As per the Census of India – 2011, the total human population of the district was 2,962,593 (2.85% of the total population of Bihar) in which male and female population was 1,547,856 and 1,414,737 respectively. The sex ratio was 914 female per 1000 male. The population density was 763 per Sq. Km. and the decadal growth rate was 20.22. The total literate person of the district was 1,866,684 where the literacy rate of male and female was 85.29% and 64.95% respectively. The districts headquarter Sasaram of Rohtas district is well connected to different parts of the State and other States by all-weather roads and rail. Sasaram is about 172 km away from the State capital Patna by road. Table 1: Administrative Unit of Rohtas district District Sub-division Block Bikramganj Dawath Dinara Bikramganj Karakat Nasriganj Rajpur Sanjhouli Surajpur Akhorigola Rohtas Dehri Dehri Nauhatta Rohtas Tilothu Chenari Karagar Sasaram Kochas Nokha Sasaram Sheosagar 7 Ground Water Information Booklet Rohtas 7 Figure 1: Map of Rohtas district showing administrative details. 1.2 Basin/Sub-Basin and Drainage There are two sub-basin in the Rohtas district. The western part of the district is situated on ‘Ghaghra confluence to Gomti confluence’ sub-basin which is a part of Upper Ganga Basin whereas the narrow eastern part, along with the river Sone, falls in Sone Sub-basin which is a part of Lr. Ganga Basin. The Sone is an main river in the district which originates in the plateau area of Amarkantak in Madhya Pradesh State. It enters the district at the junction of Palamu, Mirzapur (U.P.) Kaimur and Rohtas district and forms southern and eastern boundary of the district. The small tract of land in the western part of the district between Kaimur plateau knows as Sone valley is formed by this river. The river is the main source of the famous Sone-sand used extensively for the construction of building. Ground Water Information Booklet Rohtas 8 1.4 Land use, Agriculture and Irrigation Practices As per the record of Department of Agriculture, Government of Bihar (2009-10), the forest covers of the district is 66723 ha. The total copped area is 23870 ha whereas the total non- agricultural land is 152052 ha. The land use pattern is given in table - Table 2: Land utilization Forest Area 1 66723 Land Area 2 38489 Parenial 3 8961 Land put to Non-agriculturable use Water Temporary 4 309 Total of rows 2, 3 & 4 5 47759 Barren Uncultur-able Area 6 16831 Permanent Pastures & Grazing Land 7 99 Land under Misc. Tree crop& Groves not included in net area sown 8 2879 Culturable Waste Land 9 1102 Other Fallow Land 10 789 Fallow Land Current Fallow land 11 15870 Total 12 16659 Total Non-Agricultural Land 13 152052 Net Sown Area 14 238670 Total Cropped Area 15 281796 Area Sown more than once 16 43126 Source: http://krishi.bih.nic.in Unit in ha Agriculture is the main livehood of the population. The agriculture calendar starts from the month of July and continued to the month of June of the succeeding year before the onset of monsoon every year. Thus a calendar year is divided into four agriculture season viz., Bhadai, Aghani Rabi and Garma. Table 3: Agriculture seasons and major crops Kharif Rabi Garma Bhadai Aghani (Nov. – Mar.’Apr.) (Marc.-Apr/Jun.) (Apr. - Aug./Sept. (Jun. – Oct.) Paddy, Maize Paddy, Maize Wheat, Pulses, Spices, Paddy, Maize, Maize, Oilseed Vegetables, Pulses Millet Irrigation plays a vital role in the agriculture in this district and irrigation is practiced from both surface and groundwater. The surface water is the major source of irrigation in the district. Total 192365 hactare areas of the district are irrigated out of which, 163686 hactare area is irrigated by the canals. The Sone River is the main source of canal system. The groundwater is used for agriculture purpose by boring and about 22069 hactare area is irrigated by the tubewells and only 6610 hactare area is irrigated by the other sources.