Taxonomic index

Accepted names in roman, synonyms in italics.

HIGHER

Abies pinsapo Boiss. 126 Acacia senegal (L.) Willd. 94,97, 168, 169,249, Acacia subgenus Phyllodineae 130 269,271,273,346,348-9,355 Acacia sub series Juliflora 355 A. seyal Del. 169,348-9 A. a1bida Del 72, 98, 249 A. sowdenii Maiden 136 A. aneura F. Muell. ex Benth. 55,64,67,136,137, A. tenuissima F. MuelL 56,64 294, 298, 300 A. tortilis (Forsskal) Hayne 72,138, 168, 171, 240, A. arabica (Lam.) Willd. 249 249,268-71,349,355 A. auriculiformis Cunn. ex Benth. 249 subsp. raddiana (Savi) Brenan 123, 130, 134 A. berlandieri Benth. 169,171 A. victoriae Benth. 56,130,137,295,298 A. brachystachya Benth. 138 Acacia spp. 54,64,67,88,94,130, 135, 143, A. caffra (Thunb.) Willd. 168, 169 153,218,221,245,246,249,250,290, A. calcicola Forde & Ising 294 298-300,322,344,348,354-5,400,416, A. cambagei R. Baker 136 417 A. catechu (L.L) Willd. 249 Acanthosicyos horrida Welw. ex Benth. & Hook.f. A. coriacea DC. 55,64,67 70,71,74,75,77 A. cowleana Tate 55,294,298 A. naudiniana (Sonder) C. Jeffrey 71, 74, 78 A. cuthbertsonii Luehm. 294, 298 Achnatherum inebrians (Hance) Keng 286 A. cyclops Cunn. ex G. Don 135, 137 Achyranthes aspera L. 257 A. dictyophleba F. Muell. 55, 298 Adansonia digitata L. 70,71,74,77,94 A. drepanolobium Harms ex SojOstedt 349, 355 Adenocarpus decorticans Boiss. 130 A. eburnea sensu auct. non Willd. 136 var. speciosus (Pome1) Battand. 130 A. ehrenbergiana Hayne 268,269,271 A. telonensis (Loisel) DC. 130 A. erioloba E. Meyer 72 Adenocarpus spp. 130 A. estrophiolata F. MuelL 55, 294 Aervajavanica (Burrn.f.) A.L. Juss. ex Schultes 155 A. farnesiana (L.) Willd. 138 Agathis spp. 353 A. gerrardii Benth. 13 8 Agavaceae 21, 168, 169, 172,400,404 A. greggii A. Gray 169, 171 Agave amaniensis Trel. & Nowell 23 A. harpophylla F. MuelL ex Benth. 144 A. americana L. 168, 169, 171, 172 A. hockii De Wild. 349 A. angustifolia Haw. 21 A. horrida sensu auct. non (L.) Willd. 136 A. cantala Roxb. 23 A. karroo Hayne 72, 136,138 A. sisalana Perrine 23 A. kempeana F. MuelL 55,64, 136, 294 A. tequiliana A. Weber 23 A. laeta R. Br. ex Benth. 94, 348 Agave spp. 21,400,403 A.ligulataCunn. ex Benth. 135,137,293 Ageratum houstonianum Miller 403 A. macrostachya Reichb. ex Benth. 5 Agropyron aucheri Boiss. 119 A. mel1ifera (Vahl) Benth. 98, 168,271,348 A. cristatum (L.) Gaertner 119,278,286 A. murray ana F. MuelL ex Benth. 56, 294, 298 A. desertorum (Fischer) Schultes 119,205, 286 A. nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Del 138, 154, 249, 355 A. e/ongatum (Host) P. Beauv. 119,208 subsp. adl1nsonii (Guill & Perr.) Brenan 268 A. intermedium (Host) P. Beauv. 119, 205 subsp. adstringens (Schum. & Thonn.) Roberty A. mongolicum Keng 286 268,274 A. smithii Rydb. 205 subsp. kraussiana (Benth.) Brenan 271 A. tauri Boiss. & Bal. 119 A. pendula Cunn. ex G. Don 136, 138 A. trichophorum (Link) K. Richter 119 A. peuce F. MuelL 136 Agropyron spp. 119, 125 A. polyacantha Willd. 348 Agropyropsis lolium (BaL) A. Camus 125 A. pycnantha Benth. 136, 138 Ajania achilleoides (Turcz.) Polj. ex Grubov 280, 283 A. salicina Lindley 135, 137 Albizia amara (Roxb.) Boivin subsp. sericocephala A. saligna (LabilL) H.A. Wendl 130, 135, 137, 138 (Benth.) Brenan 354 428 Taxonomic index

Albizia lebbek (L.) Benth. 249 Artemisia frigida Willd. 278, 286 A. lophantha (Willd.) Benth. 56 A. giraldii Pampan. 278 A. procera (Roxb.) Benth. 249 A. gmelinii G. Weber ex Steehm. 278 Albuea altissima Dryand 72 A. herba-aJba Asso 138 Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. 283 A. kaschgarica H. Kraschen. 281,286 Ailanthus exeelsa Roxb. 261 A. ordosica H. Kraschen. 286 Allagoptera arenaria (Gomes) Kuntze 190 A. parvula Pampan. 281 Allenrolfea oecidentalis (5. Watson) Kuntze 185 A. salsoloides Wilid. var. wellbyi (Hemsley & Allium mongolieum Regel 286 Pearson) Ostenf. 280 A. polyrhizum Turez. ex Regel 280 A. santolina Schrenk 281 Allium spp. 89 A. schsehkinii Wilid. 286 Alloeasuarina decaisneana (F. MueU.) L. Johnson A. seoparia Waldst. & Kit. 286 293, 295 A. sphaerocephala H. Kraschen. 281 Aloe diehotoma Masson 168, 169 A. terrae-albae H. Kraschen. 281,282,286 Aloysia gratissima (Gillet & Hook.) Trone. 169 Arthroenemum spp. 181 Alysiearpus vaginalis (L.) DC. 208 Arundinella spp. 245 Alyssum desertorum Stapf 283 Asclepiadaceae 76, 128 Amaranthaceae 246 Asclepias arborea L. 376 Amaranthus sect. Amaranthus 246 A. rotund/folia Miller 376 Amaranthus sect. Blitopsis 247 Asclepias spp. 375-6 A. caudatus L. 45,247 Asteraceae, see Compositae A. cruentus L. 247 Asterothamnus centrali-asiaticus Novopokr. 281 A. hybridus L. subsp. cruentus (L.) Theil. 45 Astragalus aduneus Willd. 124 subsp. hypochondriacus (L.) Theil 45 A. ehaborasicus Boiss. 124 A. hypochondriacus L. 247 A. gummifer Lab. 350 A. tricolor L. 247 A. kotschyanus Boiss. 124 Amaranthus spp. 45, 246 A. loboghorus Boiss. 124 Ambrosia spp. 403 A. melilotoides Pallas 286 Ammodendron argenteum (Pallas) Kuntze 281 A. scaberrimus Bunge 286 Ammopiptanthus mongolicus (Maxim.) Cheng.f. A. si/iquosus Boiss. 124 281 A. teheranicus Boiss. & Hohen. 124 Amphipogon caricinus F. MueH. 293 A. variabilis Bunge ex Maxim. 286 Amsonia spp. 375 Astragalus spp. 89, 124,344,350 Amyema sp. 56, 66 Astrebla pectinata (Lindley) F. Muell. 291 A. brevifolia Bunge 281,282 Astrebla spp. 153, 155 Anabasis aphylla L. 281 Atalya hemiglauca (F. MueIL) F. MueIL ex Benth. A. salsa (C. Meyer) Benth. 281 295 Anaeardiaceae 168, 169,404 Atalaya spp. 290 Anacardium occidentale L. 168, 169, 354 Atriplex barclayana D. Dietr. 184 Anethum graveolens L. 89 A. cana C. Meyer 281,282 Aneurolepidium chinense (Trin.) Kitagawa 286 A. canescens (Pursch) Nutt. 129,184,207, A. dasystachys (Trin.) Nevski 283 385-97 Anisoptera spp. 353 subsp. caneseens 129,137 Anogeissus dhofarica A.l. Scott 269-71 subsp. gigas Stutz 129 Anogeissus spp. 354 subsp. linearis (5. Watson) H.M. Hall & Anthephora pubeseens Nees 154 Clements 129,137 Anthericum drepanophyllum Baker 83 A. glauca L. 128, 129 Arachis hypogea L. 42,223,310 A. halimusL. 128,129,184 Arachis spp. 221 var. haJimus 129 Araucaria spp. 353 var. sehweinfurthii Boiss. 129,137 Argania Romer & Schultes 133 A. lentiform is (Torrey) S. Watson 184, 185 A. spinosa (L.) Skeels 94, 133-134, 334, 340-1 A. leueoclada Boiss. & No~ 128, 129 Aristida spp. 119, 13 8, 144 A. mollis Desf. 128, 129, 138 Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P. Beauv. ex 1.5. & A. nummularia Lindley 129,137,184,300 C. Pres! 120 A. rhagodioides F. MueIL 138 A. kotsehyi Boiss. 120 A. undulata (Moq.) D. Dietr. 138 A. palaestinum Boiss. 120 Atriplex spp. 178, 180, 182, 184,218 Arrhenatherum spp. 120 Avicenniaceae 179 Artemisia arenaria DC. 281 Avicennia marina (Forsskal) Vierh. 179, 180, 271 A. argyi Leveille & Vaniot 286 Avicennia spp. 179 A. borotalensis Polj. 281,282,286 Azadirachta indica Adr. luss. 98, 168, 169, 172, A. dalai-lamae H. Kraschen. 280, 283 249,252,354 Taxonomic index 429

Bablana dregei Baker 72.74.83 Calandrlnla balonensis Lindley 57,64,67 Balanltel aogyptJaca (L.) Dol. 89 Call1andra calothyrlUl Meissner 168. 171, 172 Batil maritima L. 182 CallIgonum arlch Le Hou6r. 135, 138 Bauhlnla poteralan. Bolle lubsp. macrantha (Oliver) C. azel Mairo 133 Brummitt &. J. Ro •• 72.74.81 C. caput-modusae Schrenk 286 Berberldaceae 169 C. comolum L'H6r. 133 Berchemla discolor (Klotzsch) Hemsley 239 C. crinatum Bolas. lubsp. arablcum (Soskov) Soskov Beta mIlrlttmil L. 180 268 B. vulgaris L. 89. 190 C. leucocladum (Schrenk) Bunge 281 subsp. maritima (L.) Arcang. 180 C. mongollcum Turcz. 281,286 Bignoniaceae 168 C. polygonoidcs L. 133, 245 Boerhavia dlffusa L. 56. 257 C. roborowskii Los.-Losinsk. 281 Bombacaceae 21 C. rubicundum Bunge 281 Boraginaceae 169, 364 Caillgonum spp. 282 Borassus aethiopum C. Martius 196. 197 Callistemon spp. 300 B. flabelllfer L. 191. 197 Callitris spp. 352 B. sundaicus Becc. 197 Calotropis pro cera (Aiton) Aiton f. 376 Borassus spp. 190. 196, 197 Calystegia hederacea Wallich 284 Borrichea frutescens DC. 183 Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC. 45 Boscia albitrunca (Burchell) GiIg &. C. Benedict 71 C. gladiata (Jacq.) DC. 45 B. angustlfolia A. Rich. 5 Canthium latlfolium Benth. 67 Boswellia sacra Flueck. 271 Capparis decidua (Forsskal) Edgew. 245 Boswellia spp. 352-3 C. lasiantha R.Br. ex DC. 57 Bothriochloa ewartiana (Domin) C.E. Hubb. 291 C. mitchellii (Lindley ex F. MueIL) Benth. 57 B. ischaemum (L.) Keng var. ischaemum 207 C. nummularia DC. 295 B. pertusa (L.) A. Camus 151 C. spinosa L. 57, 66 Bothriochloa spp. 144 C. umbonata Lindley 57 Bouteloua aristidoides (Kunth) Griseb. 209 Capparis spp. 57, 66, 68, 290 B. curtipendula (Michaux) Torrey 207 Capsicum annuum L. var. aviculare (Dierb.) D' Arcy B. gracilis (Kunth) Lagasca ex Steudel 205 & Eshb. 21, 24 Brachanthemum gobicum H. Kraschen. 281 Capsicum spp. 21,24 Brachiaria decumbens Stapf 220 Caragana korshinskii V. Komarov 281 Brachychiton diversifolius (G. Don) R. Br. 56 C. microphylla (Pallas) Lam. 286 B. gregorii F. MuelL 56 C. tibetica V. Komarov 281 B. paradoxum Schott 57. 65 Caragana spp. 286 B. populneum (Schott) R.Br. 57,65,67 Caralluma mammillaris (L.) N.E. Br. 71 Brachychiton spp. 65 Carex [lfJchystilis Gay 283 Brachystegia spp. 354 C. physodes M. Bieb. 283 Brahea spp. 22 C. stenophylla Wahlenb. 283 Brassica napus L. var. olelfera DC. 173 Carex spp. 205 B. nigra (L.) Koch 89 Carica candamarcensis Hook.f. 333 Bromus cappadocicus Boiss. & BaL 120 Carissa lanceolata R.Br. 58,66 B. inermis Leysser 120, 205 Carnegiea gigantea (Engelm.) Britton & Rose 169 B. tomentellus Boiss. 120 Carpobrotus edulls (L.) N.E. Br. 72 B. tomentosus Trin. 120 Carthamus tinctorius L. 89 Bromus spp. 119, 120 Cassia siamea Lam. 168, 169, 249 Brugieria spp. 179 C. sieberiana DC. 5 Bursera spp. 403 C. sturtii R.Br. 130, 137 Burseraceae 25 I, 353 Casuarina cunninghamiana Miq. 137 Butetl{rondo8fJ J. KOnig ex Roxb. 257 C. equisetifolia L. 13 7 B. monsperma (Lam.) Taubert 257 C. stricta Aiton 137 Butyrospermum paradoxum (Gaertner f.) Hepper Casuarina spp. 137, 184, 220 subsp. parkii (G. Don) Hepper 94 Catunaregam nilotica (Stapf) Tirvengadum 95 Cedrus atlantica (EndL) Carriere 126 Cactaceae 21, 128, 168, 169,400,404 Ceiba acuminata (S. Watson) Rose 24 Cadaba farinosa Forsskal 95 C. parvlfolia Rose frontispiece, 24 Caesalpinia coriaria (Jacquem.) Willd. 168, 169, C. pendandra (L.) Gaertner 24 171 Ceiba spp. 21 Caesalpinia spp. 354 Cenchrus ciliaris L. 120, 121, 148, 154,207,290, Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. 41, 168, 169, 172, 223, 291 305 C. pennisetiformis Hochst. & Steudel ex Steudel Cajanus spp. 227 154 430 Taxonomic index

Cenchrus setigerus Vahl 154 Commiphora pyracanthoides Engl. 71 Cenchrus spp. 119 C. wightii (Am_) Bhandari 251 Centaurea solstitialis L. 169 Commiphora spp. 4,95, 251, L73, 352-3 Centrosema brasilianum (L.) Benth. 334-5 Compositae, also as Asteraceae 88, 89, 165, 168, C. pascuorum C. Martius ex Benth. 334-5 169, 172,257,299,358,360,362,364,365, Ceratoides latens (?) 281,286 400,401,403,404 Ceratonia oreothauma Hillc., G.P. Lewis & Verdc. Compositae tribe Asteraceae sub tribe Soladiginae 131,138,271,334,336,337,341 358,360 C. siliqua L. 94,131,134,336,352 Conocarpus erectus L. 183 Ceratonia spp. 131 var. serieeus Forster ex DC. 184 Cercidium spp. 22,94,217,403 C. lancifolius Eng!. 183 Ceropegia multiflora Baker 71 Conocarpus spp. 179 Chamllecytisus mollis (Cav.) Pau 131 Convolvulaceae 168, 169 Chelidonium majus L. 286 Copernicia prunifera (Miller) H. Moore 191, 195 Chenopodiaceae 89, 118,128, 180 Copernicia spp. 190, 195 Chenopodium Willd. 107 Corchorus olitorius L. 89 C. rhadinostachyum F. Muell 58,64 Cordeauxia edulis Hemsley 44 Chenopodium spp. 180 Cordyla somalensis Gillett 322 Chloanthaceae 300 Corandrum sativum L. 89 Chloris gayana Kunth 148 Coronilla emeroides Boiss. & Spruner 131 Chorispora soongorica Schrenk 283 C. emerus L. subsp. emerus 131 Chrysotharnnus nauseosus (Pallas) Britton 365 subsp. emeroides (Boiss. & Spruner) Hayek 131 Chrysotharnnus spp. 358, 364 C. gllluca L. 131 CicerarietinumL. 41,171,305,308,310 C. pentaphylla Desf. 131 Cicer spp. 89, 227 C. valentina L. subsp. valentina 131 Cichorium endiva L. subsp. divaricatum subsp. pentaphylla (Desf.) Battand. 131 (Schousboe) Sell 88 C. varia L. 124 C. pumilum J acq. 88 Coronilla spp. 124,131 Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai 71, obovatus Raf. 333 74,78,233,237-8 Crithmum maritimum L. 182, 183 Citrus limon (L.) Burm.f. 168, 169, 171 Crotalariil mucronata Desv. 205 Citrusspp. 171 C. pallida Aiton 205 Cleistogenes songorica (Rosh.) Ohwi 280 Crotalaria spp. 245 C. squarrosa (Trin.) Keng 278 Croton spp. 373 Clematis aethusaefolia Turcz. 286 Cruciferae 88,89, 118 Clerodendrum floribundum R.Br. 58 Cucumis africanus L.f. 71, 74, 79, 84 C. inerme Gaertner 183 C. anguria L. 79 Clianthus spp. 300 var. anguria 79 Cnidoscolus chayarnansa McVaugh 26 var. longipes (Hook.f.) A.D.J. Meeuse C. maculatus Pax & K. Hoffm. 26 69,74,79 C. palmeri (S. Watson) Rose 24, 26 C. kalahariensis A.D.J. Meeuse 70, 71, 74, 78, 80 C. phyllacanthus (Muell-Arg.) Pax & K. Hoffm. C. longipes Hook.f. 79 26 C. metuliferus Naudin 71,74,80,84 C. stimulosus (Michaux) Engelm. & A. Gray 26 Cucurbita cordata S. Watson 27 Cnidoscolus spp. 21 C. cylindrata L. Bailey 27 Cobafeira spp. 373 C. digitata A. Gray 26, 27 Coccinia adoensis (A. Rich.) Cogn. 71 C. foetidissima Kunth 27,46,210 C. rehmannii Cogn. 71, 74, 79 C. mixta Pang. 27 C. sessilifolia (Sonder) Cogn. 70, 71, 74, 78, 79, C. palmata S. Watson 27 84 C. palmeri L. Bailey 27 Colophospermum mopane (J. Kirk ex Benth.) C. sororia L. Bailey 26, 27 J. Kirk ex Leonard 239 Cucurbita spp. 21, 27 Colu tea arborescens L. 131, 138 Cucurbitaceae 21, 240 C. istria Miller 131, 137 Cupressus atlantica Gaussen 134 Colutea spp. 131 C. dupreziana A. Camus 134, 138 Combretaceae 168, 179 C. sempervirens L. 134 Combretum celastroides Laws. 168 forma numidica Trabut 134 C. glutinosum Perrottet ex DC. 5, 95 Cyarnopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub. 344, 351 C. micranthum G. Don 5 Cyanella hyacinthoides L. 73, 74, 83 C. nigricans Lepr. ex Guillemin & Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. 89, 120 Perrottet 5 var. hirsutissimus (Lit.) Maire 120 Commiphora mukul (Hook. ex Stocks) EngL 251 var. villosus Regel 120 Taxonomic index 431

Cyperus bulbosus Vah! 58 Enneapogon polyphyllus (Domin) N. Burb. 291 C. conglomeratus Rottb. 123 Enteropogon acicularis (Lindley) Lazarides 292 C. esculentus L. 89 Ephedra przewalskii Stapf 281 C. fulgens C.B. Clarke 72 Eragrostis curvula (Schrader) Nees 154, 205 C. papyrus L. 240 var. conferta Nees 207 C. rotundus L. 58, 72 E. eriopoda Benth. 59,64 Cyperus spp. 58,67 E. lehmanniana Nees 207 Cytisus albidus DC. 131 E. lehmanniana Nees. X E. trichophera Cosson & C. arboreus (Desf.) DC. 131 Durand 207 C. palmensis (Christ) Bisby & K. Nicholls 131 E. superba Peyr. 207 C. proliferus L.f. var. palmensis Christ 131 E. setifolia Nees 292 C triflorus L'Her. 131 Eragrostis spp. 54 C. viIlosus Poullet 131 Eremophila alternifolia R.Br. 299 Cytisus spp. 131 E. fraseri F. MuelL 364 E. latrobei F. MuelL 59 Dactylis glomerata L. subsp. hispanica (Roth) Nyman Eremophila spp. 299 120 Erigeron spp. 364 Dactylis spp. 120 Eriobotryajaponica (Thunb.) Lindley 169, 171 Dalbergia sissoo DC. 168,169, 171, 172 Erodium hoefftianum C. Meyer 283 Desmanthus spp. 157 Eruca sativa Miller 88 Dialium engleranum Henriq. 168 Erytht!IJ spp. 22 Dichanthium sericeum (R.Br.) A. Camus 291 Erythrina flabelliformis Kearney 310 Dichanthium spp. 144, 245 Erythroxylum coca Lam. 418 DichlOstachys cinerea (L.) Wight & Am. 240 Eucalyptus albens Benth. 138 Dicrastylidaceae 364 E. anceps (Maiden) Blakely 169 Dicrastylis spp. 300 E. astringens (Maiden) Maiden 136 Digitaria brownii (Roemer & Schultes) Hughes 291 E. brockwayi C. Gardner 136 D. coenicola (F. MueIL) Hughes 291 E. caleyi Maiden 169 D. commutata Schultes subsp. nodosa (Parl) Maire E. camaldulensis Dehnh. 136, 168, 169, 171, 172, 121,138 295,300 D. decumbens Stent 220 E. cladocalyx F. MuelL 169, 171, 172 D. didactyla Willd. 151 E. creba F. MuelL 169, 171, 172 Dioclea megacarpa Rolfe 310 E. gamophylla F. MuelL 295 Dioscorea bulbifera L. 58,67,68 E. gomphocephala DC. 136, 169, 172 Dioscorea elephantipes (L 'Her.) Engl 72 E. gracilis F. MuelL 169, 171 Dioscorea spp. 54, 67 E. incrassata LabilL 169 Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. ex A. DC. 72 E. intertexta R. Baker 295 Dipcadi longifolium Baker 72 E. leucoxylon F. MuelL 168, 169, 172 D. viride Moench. 72 E. marginata Donn ex Smith 219 Dipterocarpaceae 353 E. melliodora A. Cunn. ex Schauer 168, 169, 171, palmeri (Vassey) Fassett ex l.M. Johnson 172 181 E. microtheca F. MuelL 98, 136, 295 D. spicata (L.) E. Greene 183 E. occidentalis End!. 136 Distichlis spp. 185 E. oleosa F. MuelL ex Miq. 136, 169, 171 Dolichos Iablab L. 261 E. oxymitra Blakely 295 Drosanthemum floribundum (Haw.) Schwantes 183 E. pachyphylla F. MuelL 296 E. paniculata Smith 168, 169, 171, 172, 173 Echium Iycopsis L. 169 E. platypus Hook. 169, 172 Ehretia rigida (Thunb.) Druce 71 E. polyanthemos Schauer 169, 172, 173 Eleagnaceae 130 E. rubida Deane & Maiden 169, 172 Eleagnus angustifolia L. 130 E. saimonophloia F. MuelL 136 (L.) Gaertner 39,46 E. sargentii Maiden 183 Elymus elongatus (Host) Runem. 119, 125, 208 E. sideroxylon A. Cunn. 168, 169, 172 E. hispidisus (Opiz) Meld. subsp. barbatus (Schur) E. socialis F. MuelL ex Miq. 296 Meld. 119 E. terminalis F. MuelL 296 subsp. hispidisus 119, 205 E. torquata Luehm. 136 E. tauri (Boiss. & Bal) Tzvelev 119 E. wandoo Blakely 169, 171 Elymus spp. 119 Eucalyptus spp. 134-6, 165, 172, 184, 219, 300 Elyonurus hinutus (Vah!) Munro ex Benth. 122 Euclea divinorum Hiem 239 Emblica officinalis Gaertner 250 Eugenilziambola1llJ Lam. 257 Emmenopteris henryi Oliver 333 Eulalia fulva (R.Br.) Kuntze 292 Enneapogon avenaceus (Lindley) C.E. Hubb. 291 Eulophia hereroensis Schlechter 72 432 Taxonomic index

Euphorbia subgenus Agaloma 408 Guiera senegalensis J. Gmelin 5 E. antisyphilitica Zucco 410 Gutierrezia spp. 364 E. balsamifera Aiton subsp. adenensis (Dell) Bally Gymnocarpos przewalskii Maxim. 281 273 Gymnopodium antigonoides (Robinson) Blake 168, E. fulgens Karw. ex Klotzsch 408 171 E. larica Boiss. 274 Gynandropsis gynandra (L.) Briq. 71 E. lathyris L. 357,376,379-80 E. thymifolia L. 257 Hakea suberea S. Moore 296 E. tirucaIli L. 379-80 Hakeaspp. 67,290,300 Euphorbia spp. 373-5,379,400,404,408 HaIimione portulacoides (L.) Aellen 183 Euphorbiaceae 21,259,364,373-4,400,401,404, Halocnemum strobilaceum (Pallas) M. Bieb. 281 408 Halostachys belangeriana (Moq.) Botsch. 281,282 Euterpe 182 Haloxylon ammodendron Bunge 129n, 130, 135, 281, 282, 286 Fabaceae see Leguminosae H. aphyl/um (Mink.) lljin 130 Ferocactus spp. 403 H. persicum Bunge 129, 134, 135, 281, 286 Festuca arundinacea Schreber 121, 125, 126, 127, Haloxylon spp. 129, 181 138 Harpagophytum procumbens(Burchell) DC. 238,241 F. elatior L. subsp.arundinacea (Schreber)Celak 121 Hedysarum argentatum Maire 132, 138 F. ovina L. 278 H. capitatum Desf. 125 F. valesiaca Schleicher ex Gaudin subsp. sulcata H. carnosum Desf. 125, 138 (Hackel) Schinz & Keller 278 H. coronarium L. 123, 125, 170 Festuca spp. 119, 122 H. flexuosum L. 125 Ficus platypoda Miq. 59 H. glomera tum Dietr. 125 F. racemosa L. 59,66 H. humile L. 125 F. sycomorus L. 72, 89 H. membranaceum Cosson & BaI. 13 2 Ficus spp. 54, 66 H. naudinianum Cosson & Durieu 125 Fimbristylis spp. 54,59,64 H. paIlidum Desf. 125 Flourensia cemua DC. 399,400,401-3 H. perralderianum Cosson & Durieu 125 Flourensia spp. 401 H. scoparium Fischer & C. Meyer 286 Fockea angustifolia Schumann 71,74,76 H. spinosissimum L. 125 Fockea spp. 76 Hedysarum spp. 125, 132 Fouquieria columnaris (Kellogg) Kellogg ex Curran Helianthemum soongoricum Schrenk 281, 283 403 Helianthus annuus L. 168, 169, 172, 173 Fourquieria spp. 403 H. maximilliani Schrader 209 Fourquieriaceae 404 Heritiera spp. 179 Frankeniaceae 404 Heteropappus a1taicus (Willd.) Novopokr. ex Pavlov 286 Galenia secunda (L.f.) Sonder 183 Heteropogon contortus (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roemer & Goeffraea decorticans (Gillies ex Hook. & Am.) Schultes 144,146,151 Burkart 334, 336 Hevea brasiliensis Muell-Arg. 257,410 Gleditsia triacanthos L. 132, 168, 171, 172 Hevea spp. 372-5, 377, 379,401,411 Glycine max (L.) Merrill 168,169,305,308,310 Hexaglottis longifolia Vent. 72 Glycine spp. 227 Hippolytia trifida (Turcz.) Polj. 280, 283 Glycyrrhiza inflata Batalin 283 Hordeum bulbosum L. 121 Gmelina arborea Roxb. 168, 171 H. [ragilis Boiss. 121 Goodeniaceae 364 H. spontaneum K. Koch 121 Gramineae or 89, 118, 278,400 H. violaceum Boiss. & Huet 121 Grevillea juncifolia (R.Br.) R.Br. 296 H. vulgare L. 36 G. stenobotrya F. Muell. 296 Hordeum spp. 89, 121 Grevillea spp. 290, 300, 354 Hydnora africana Thunb. 72 Grewia flava DC. 73 Hyoscyamus niger L. 286 G. retinervis Burret 73, 74,84, 233, 236 Hyparrhenia spp. 119, 138 G. villosa Willd. 73 Hyphaene compressa H.A. Wend!. 197, 198 Grindelia aphanactis Rydb. 358 H. coriacea Gaertner 198 G. camporum E. Greene 358, 360-363 H. indica Becc. 198 G. humilis Hook. & Am. 365 H. thebaica (L.) C. Martius 89,191,197 G. squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal 358,362 H. ventricosa J. Kirk 70, 71, 74, 76, 239 Grindelia spp. 357-66 Hyphaene spp. 190, 197 Guiacum spp. 352 Guibourtia coleosperma (Benth.) Leonard 72,74, Idrill columnaris Kellogg 43 82 lljinia regelii (Bunge) Korovin 281 Taxonomic index 433

Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. 168, 169 Lespedeza dahurica (Laxm.) Schindler 286 I. costata F. MuelL ex Benth. 54,59,67 Leucaena 1eucocephala (Lam.) de Wit 4, 98, 151, Ipomoea spp. 59 249 Iris lactea Pallas 283 Leucaena spp. 4, 157,221,224,249,250 Liliaceae 168, 169,400 Jacquemontia nodiflora G. Don 168 Lirnonium spp. 183,271 Jatropha curcas L. 259,260 Lippia palmeri S. Watson 24 Jatropha spp. 403 Livistona australis (R.Br.) C. Martius 199, 200 Jaubertia aucheri Guillemin 269 L. chinensis (Jacq.) R.Br. 200 Jouvea spp. 185 L. mariae F. MuelL 191,199,200 Julbernardia paniculata (Benth.) Troupin 168 Livistona spp. 190, 200 Julbernardia spp. 354 Lolium perenne L. 122 Juncus spp. 181 Lolium spp. 122 Juniperus macropoda Boiss. 268, 273 Loranthus spp. 67 J. osteosperma (Torrey) Little 208 Lotus collinus (Boi ... ) Heldr. 125, 126 J. phoenicea L. 134 L. cornicu1atus L. 125, 126, 169, 172 subsp. decumbens (Poiret) Briq. 125 Kalidium cuspidatum Ung.-Sternb. 281 L. creticus L. 125, 126 K. schrenkianum Bunge 281 subsp. eommutatus (Guss.) Battand. 125 Kalidium spp. 282 subsp. eollinus (Boiss.) Briq. 125 Kedrostis africana (L.) Cogn. 71 subsp. eytisioides (L.) Aschers. 125 Kennedia spp. 218 L. cytisoides L. 125 Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) Adr. J uss. 95 L. maroccanus Ball 126 Kochia seoparia (L.) Schrader 286,385 Lotus spp. 89, 125 Kochia spp. 180 Lupinus arbore~s Sirns 223 Koeleria eristata Pers. 278 L. mutabilis Sweet 43 K. macrantha (Ledeb.) Schultes 278, 286 Lupinus spp. 89 Lycium chinense Miller 28 Labiatae or Lamiaceae 170, 364 L. fremontii A. Gray 28 Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet 43,261,305 Lycium spp. 21 Laehnosiphonium nilotieum (Stapf) Dandy 95n Lysiloma spp. 403 Lactuca spp. 88, 89 Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standley 107 Machaerocereus gummosus (Engelm.) Britton & Rose Laguncularia spp. 179 403 Lamiaceae, see Labiatae Macroptilium atropurpureum (DC.) Urban 148,261, Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merrill 354 334,337,338,341 L. humilis (Oliver) EngL 354 cv. Siratro 148 Larrea tridentata (Ses,", & Mociiio ex DC.) Cov. Macroptilium spp. 157 210,364,399,400,404-408 Macrotyloma uniflurum (Lam.) Verdc. 305 Larrea spp. 401,403,404 Macrozamia riedlei (Gaudich.) C. Gardner 219 Lasiurus hirsutus (Vahl) Boiss. 122,123 Madhua longifolia (Koenig.) J.F. MacBr. var. latifolia L. seindicus Henrard 122, 154 (Roxb.) A. Chev. 7 Lasiurus spp. 122, 245 Maerua crassifolia Forsskal 269 Lathyrus sativus L. 7,310 Mahonia trifoliata (Moric.) Fedde 169 Lathyrus spp. 89, 127,420 Maireana pyramidata (Benth.) Paul G. Wilson 183 Leguminosae or Fabaceae 21,43,118,130, 165, 168, M. sedifolia (F. MuelL) Paul G. Wilson 183 169, 170. 172, 334,400,404 M. villosa (Lindley) Paul G. Wilson 60 subfamily Caesalpinioideae 118,217,221,419, Maireana spp. 180 423 Malva parviflora L. 89 subfamily F.boideae, see Papilionoideae Malvace.e 89 subfamily Mirnosoideae 118,221,300,364 Medemia argun Wurttemb. ex C. Martius & H.A. subfamily Papilionoideae 118, 221, 300 Wend!. 89, 191, 199 tribe Mirbelieae 221 Medemia sp. 190 tribe Viciea" 420 Medicago arborea L. 131, 132 Leichardtia australis R.Br. 60,66,67,68 M. gaetu1a Pomel 126 L. 1eptophylla (F. MuelL ex Benth.) Bullock 60, 66 M. marina L. 126 Lens culinaris Medic. 40, 305, 310 M. sativa L. 107, 165, 168, 169, 172,205, 224 Lens spp. 89,420 subsp. falcata (L.) Arcang. 126 Lepidium papillosum F. MuelL 60,67 subsp. sativa 126 L. sativum L. 89 M. suffruticosa Ramond ex DC. var. 1eiocarpa (Benth.) Leptoch1oa dubia (Kunth) Nees 207 P. Fourn. 126 L. fusea (L.) Kunth 182 M. tunetana Murb. 126 434 Taxonomic index

Medicago x varia Martyn 126 Opuntia vulgaris Miller 281,282 Medicago spp. 126,127 Opuntia spp. 21,400, 403 Melaleuca halmaturorum F. Muell. ex Miq. 183 Origanum sp. 10. syriacum L. 274 Melaleuca spp. 300 Oryopsis coerulescens (Desf.) Hackel 122 Melia volkensii G+rcke 333 O. holciformis (M. Bieb.) Hackel 122, 125 Meliaceae 168, 169, 172,252 O. miliacea (L.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Aschers. & Melilotus alba Medikus 126, 168, 169, 172 Schweinf. 122, 125 M. italica (L.) Lam. 126 O. molinioides (Boiss.) Hackel ex Paulsen 122 M. officinalis (L.) Pallas 170 O. thomasii (Duby) Le Houer. 122 Melilotus spp. 126, 127 Oryzopsis spp. 122 Microloma saggitatum R.Br. 71 Oxalis flava L. 72 Mimo8llceae, see Legilminosae subfamily Mimosoideae Oxytropis glabra (Lam.) DC. 285, 286 364 O. squamulosa DC. 286 Mitragyna inermis (Willd.) Kuntze 5 Momordica balsamina L. 71 Pachycereus pringlei (S. Watson) Britton & Rose Monachather paradoxa Steudel 292 181,403 MonotheCtl buxifolill (Falc.) A.DC. 273n Pachycereus spp. 403 Moraceae 133 Pachycormus discolor (Benth.) COy. 403 Moringa oleifera Lam. 7,334,341 Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urban 26 M. peregrina (Forsskal) Fiori 273 Paliurus spina-christi Miller 170 Moringaceae 334 Palmae 189, 197 Morus alba L. 133, 138 Panicum antidotale Retz. 39, 123, 154, 207 M. nigra L. 13 3 P. australiense Domin 60, 64 Myoporaceae 299, 364 P. coloratum L. 207 Myroxylon spp. 352 P. decompositum R.Br. 292 Myrtaceae 165, 168, 169, 172, 300 P. maximum Jacq. 148 P. miliaceum L. 39 Nanophyton erinaceum (Pallas) Bunge 281 P. texanum Buckley 209 Newcastelia spp. 300 P. turgidum Forsskal 122, 123, 293 Nitraria roborowskii V. Komarov 281 Panicum spp. 54, 123 N. sphaerocarpa Maxim. 281,282 Papaver pavoninum Schrenk 283 Nymphaea coerulea Say. 89 Paraneurachne muelleri (Hackel) S. T. Blake 293 N. lotus L. 89 Parkia spp. 354 Nypa fruticans Wurmb. 185 Parkinsonia aculeata L. 98, 132, 137, 168, 170, 172,210 Ochna pulchra Hook. 72 P. florida (Benth. ex A. Gray) S. Watson 169 Olea europaea L. subsp. africana (Miller) P. Green Parkinsonia spp. 22, 132,217,221,403 168,269 Parthenium alpinum (Nutt.) Torrey & A. Gray 400 subsp. europaea 133, 134 X argentatum A. Gray 402 var. sylvestris (Miller) Brot. 133 P. argentatum A. Gray 8,94,257,373,376-7, forma oleaster DC. 13 3 399-401,410 O. laperrinei Battand. & Trabut 134, 138 X rollinsianum Rzed. 400, 402 Oleaceae 13 3 X schotti Greenman ex Mi11sp. & Chase 401 Onobrychis argentea Boiss. subsp. africana (SiJ:j.) P. incanum Kunth X argentatum A. Gray 402 Maire 126 P. rollinsianum Rzed. 400, 402 O. gaubae Bomm. 126 P. stramonium E. Greene X argentatum A. Gray 402 O. melanotricha Boiss. 126 Paspalum scrobicu1atum L. 39 O. persica SiIj. & Rech.f. 126 P. voginatum Sweet 123 O. pinnata (Bertol) Hand.·Mazz. 126 Pedilanthus bracteatus Boiss. 410 O. 8Iltiva Lam. 126 P. cymbiferus Schlechter 410 O. scrobiculata Boiss. 126 P. macrocarpusBenth. 399,408-10 O. viciifolia Scop. 126, 170 P. tithymaloides A. Poit. 408, 410 Onobrychis spp. 126 Pedilanthus spp. 403, 404, 408 Opopanax spp. 352 Pelargonium incrassatum (Andr.) Sims 72, 74, 83, 84 Opuntia enge1manii SaIm-Dyck 168, 171 Pennisetum dichotomum (Forsskal) Del 122 O. ficus-indica (L.) Miller 29 P. divisum (J. Gmelin) Henrard 122, 123 var. amyclaea (Enge1m.) Coulter 128 P. glaucum (L.) R.Br. 38 var. inermis Weber 128 Pennisetum spp. 89 O. fulgida Enge1m. var. fulgida 29 Pentarrhinum insipidum E. Meyer 71,74,76,77 var. mammillata (Enge1m.) Coulter 29 Pentatropis kempeana F. Muell. 60 O. megacantha SaIm-Dyck 29 Periploca aphylla Decne 128 O. monacantha Haw. 281 P. graeca L. 128 Taxonomic index 435

Periploca Iaevigata Aiton 128, 13 7 Prosopis burkartii Muiloz 106 Phalaris aquatica L. 123 P. chilensls (Molina) Stuntz 106, 108, 132, 138 var. stenoptera (Hackel) Hitchc. 123 P. cineraria (L.) Druce 98, 133, 138, 168, 170, 172, P. arundinacea L. 123 245,246,249,250,261,269,270,271 P. bulbo/IIJ sensu auct non L. 123 P. glandulosa Torrey 132, 168, 170, 171, 206, 385 P. coerulescens Deaf. 123 var. glandulosa 210 P. ""do/IIJ (L.) Munro 123 P. juliflora (Sw.) DC. 132, 138, 168, 246, 249, 250 P. truncata Guss. ex BertoL 123 P. pallida (Humb. & BonpL ex Willd.) Kunth 168, P. tuberostl L. 123 170,171,172 Phalaris spp. 119,122, 123 P. spicigera L. 133 Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray 20, 30, 43, 221 P. strombulifera (Lam.) Benth. 106 var.latifolius Freeman 312,314 P. tamarugo F. Philippi 103-115, 133 P. angustissirnus A. Gray 313 Prosopis spp. 94, 106, 132, 184, 185, 218, 222, 227, P. atropurpureu. DC. 261 322,344,354,400 P. filiforrnis Benth. 20, 29, 30 Proteaceae 290, 300, 333 P. grayanus Wooton & Standley 313,314 Psathyrostachys fragilis (Boiss.) Newton 121 P. heterophyllus Willd. 22 Psoralea australasica SchldL 293, 296 P. lelsospemtus Torrey & A. Gray 22 P. walkingtonii F. MuelL 293, 296 P.lunatus L. 30,310 Pterlgeroll bubokii Domin 299 P. parvulus E. Greene 314 Pterocarpus lucens Lepr. ex Gui11emin & Perrottet 5 P. ritensls M.E. Jones 29,313,314 Pterocaulon sphacelatum (LabllL) F. MuelL 299 P. vulgaris L. 20,30,221,308,310,315 Pteropyrum scoparium Jaub. & Spach 269 var. aborigineus (Burkart) Baudet 107 Puccinellia ciliata Bor 123, 124 P. wrightii A. Gray 313 P. distans (L.) ParL 123 Phaseolusspp. 21,29,30,41,223,226,227,303- Puccinellia spp. 123 318 Phoenix dactylifera L. 89, 181, 191, 192 Quer~us coccifera L. 131 Phoenix spp. 189,192 Q. faginea Lam. 131 Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steudel 283 Q. ilex L. 131 P. communis Trin. 283 Q. suber L. 131 Phragmites spp. 245 Phyla nodiflora Greene 183 Rabdosia rugosa (WalL ex Benth.) Hara 165 Phyllanthus emblica L. 249, 250 Randia lIilotica Stapf 95n Piliostigma reticulatum (DC.) Hochst. Raphanus sativus L. 89 Pinus edulis Engelm. 208 Raphionacme burkei N.E. Br. 73 P. halepensis Miller 94, 125, 126, 131, 134 R. hirsuta (E. Meyer) R.A. Dyer 73 P. sylvestris L. 362 Reaumuria soongorica (Pallas) Maxim. 281 subsp. kalundensis Sudaczew 282 Retama raetam (Forsskal) Webb & Berth. 413n subsp. mongoUca Fomin 282 Rhamnaceae 168, 170 Pinus spp. 352, 363 Rhigozum trichotomum Burchell 168 Pistacia atlantica Deaf. 134 Rhizophora mangel L. 179 Pistacia spp. 94 Rhizophora spp. 179 Pisum sativum L. 305,310 Rhizaphoraceae 179 Pisum spp. 89,420 Rhus spp. 352 Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. 168, 170, 172 Rhynchelytrum repens (Willd.) C.E. Hubb. 290, 292 Plantaginaceae 255 Ricinodendron rautanenii Schinz 72, 74, 75, 80, 84, Plantago ovata Forsskal 254, 255, 257 238 Plantago spp. 183 Robinia pseudoacacia L. 170, 171, 172, 173 Plectrachne spp. 293 Rosaceae 118, 127, 169 Poa bulbosa L. subsp. vivipara (Koeler) Arcang. 283 Rosmarinus officinalis L. 94 P. pratensis L. 208 Rottboellia hinuta Vahl 122 Poaceae, see Gramineae Rumex dentatus L. 89 Polygonaceae 89, 133, 168 R. hymenosepalus Torrey 210 Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre 168, 170, 172 Rutaceae 168, 169 Populus alba L. 135 P. euphratica Olivier 135 Sabal mexicana C. Martius 191, 198 Portulaca intraterranea J. Black 61,67 Sabal spp. 190, 198 P. oleracea L. 61,64,67, 182 Saccharum spp. 245 Portulaca spp. 54,64 Sageretia spiciflora (A. Rich.) Hutch. & E.A. Bruce Potaninia mongolica Maxim. 218, 282 273 Prosopis section Algarobia 22 Salicomia europaea L. 185 P. alba Griseb. 334, 338 Salicomia spp. 180, 181, 182 436 Taxonomic index

SaJsola abrotanoides Bunge 281 Stipa barbata Desf. 124 S. arbuscula Pallas 286 S. brevifolia Griseb. 280, 283 S. lanata Pallas 282 S. bungeana Trin. 278 S. orientillil S. Gmelin - nomen. 286 S. capillata L. 278 S. passerina Bunge - nomen. 281, 282, 286 S. caucasica Schmalh. 280, 283 S. rigida Pallas 286 S. comata Trin. &. Rupr. 205 SaJsola spp. 88, 180, 181 S. glareosa Smirnow 280, 283 Salvadoza oleoides Decne 182, 245 S. gobica Rosch. 280, 283 S. persica L. 182 S. grandir Smirnow 278 Salvadora spp. 182 S. ldemenzii Rosch. 280 Sanguisorba minor Scop. 127 S. krylovii Rosch. 278, 286 Santalum acuminatum (R.Br.) DC. 61,65,297 S. lagascae Roemer &. Schultes 124 S. Ianceolatum R.Br. 61, 66, 297 S. oreinta1ia Trin. 280, 283 Santalum spp. 54,65, 290 S. parviflora Desf. 124 Sapindaceae 364 S. stapf'li Rosch. 280 133, 334 S. viridula Trio. 205 Stuothllmnu, Ilrboreu, (Deaf.) Boiss. 131 Stipa spp. 119, 124, 138, 286 Scaevola spp. 183 Stipagrostis spp. 119, 124 Schmidtia pappophoroides Steudel ex J.A. Schmidt Streptoglossa bubakii (Domin) Dunlop 299 154 S. odora (F. MuelL) Dunlop 299 Schotia afra (L.) Thunb. var. angustifolia (E. Meyer) Strychnos cocculoides Baker 72, 74, 83 Harvey 72, 74, 81 S. pungens Soler. 72, 83 Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst. subsp. caffra S. spinosa Lam. 72, 83 (Sonder) Kokwaro 71, 74, 75, 84 Stylobasium spathulatum Desf. 62 S. caffra Sonder 233-4, 238 Stylosanthes guianensis (Aublet) Sw. 148, 338 Scrophulariaceae 364 cv. Schof'teld 148-9 Secale cereale L. 124 S. hamata (L.) Taubert 148,208,334,337,338-9, S. montanum Guss. 124 341 S. X cerement 124 cv. Verano 148, 150 Secale spp. 124 S. humilis Kunth 148, ISO, 338 Semiarundinaria shapoensis McClure 286 cv. Townrville 148 Se,banla Ilcul.ta (Wille!.) Poiret 255 S. scabra J. Vogel cv. Fitzroy 148 S. bispinosa (Jacq.) W. Wight 254, 255, 256, 257 cv. Seca 148, 150 S. grandiflora (L.) Poiret 249, 250 S. sympodialis Taubert 334, 339, 341 Sesuvium spp. 183 Stylosanthes spp. 148,150, ISS, 157,338 Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. 38 Styrax spp. 352 Setaria spp. 42 SUaeda fruticosa (L.) Forsskal ex J. Gmelin 181, 185 Shorea spp. 353 S. microphylla Pallas 281 Sida rhombifolia L. 257 S. physophora Pallas 281 Sideroxylon buxifolium (Falc.) Penn. 273 S. torreyana S. Watson 182, 185 Simmondsia chinensis (Link) C. Schneider 8, 46, Suaeda spp. 180,181,282 138,404 Sympegma regelii Bunge 281, 282 Sinapsis alba L. 89 Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels 257 Solanaceae 21,54,400 Solanum centrale J. Black 62,65, 298 Talinum arnotii Hook.f. 73 S. chlppenda1ei Symon 62,65 T. crispatulum Dinter 73 S. ellipticum R.Br. 62,65 Tamarindus indica L. 94, 168, 170, 273 Solanum spp. 62,400 Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karsten 134 Sonchus oleraceus L. 88 cv. erecta 134, 138 Sonneratia alba Smith 179 T. stricta Doiss. 134, 138 X almum L. Parodi 207 Tamarix spp. 88, 183, 184,268 S. bicolor (L.) Moench 39 Templetonia spp. 300 S. halepense (L.) Pers. 207, 385-97 Tessaria absinthioides (Hook. &. Am) DC. 106 Sorghum spp. 89,144 Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) Masters 134 Sporobolus flexuosus (Thurber) Rydb. 209 Tetraena mongolica Maxim. 281 S. ioclados (Nees ex Trin.) Nees 124 Tetragonia tetragonoides (Pallas) Kuntze 182 S. IlllUlinatur Hochst. ex A. Rich. 124 Tetragonolobus maritimus (L.) Roth 125, 126 Stellera chamaejasme L. 284-286 T. ,i/iquorur L. 126 Sterculia setigera Del 349 Tetragonolobus spp. 126 S. urens Roxb. 349 Themeda aurtrtllir (R.Br.) Stapf 144, 208 S. villosa Roxb. 349 T. triandra Forsskal 144, 151,208 Sterculia spp. 94 Themeda spp. 245 Taxonomic index 437

Thermopsis Ianceolata R.Br. 284 Vigna fischeri Harms 312 Thymus capitatus (L.) Hoffsgg. & Link 170 V. frutescens A. Rich. 312 T. mongolicus Klokov 278 V. heterophylla A. Rich. 312 Thyridolepis mitchelliana (Nees) S.T. Blake 292 V.lanceolata Benth. 54,63,67,298,314 Tiliaceae 89 V. lobarifolia Baker 70,72,74,82,312,314 Trachomitum lancifolium (Russanov) Padeb. 283 V. marina (Burm.) Merr. 312 Trachyandra falcata (L.f.) Kunth 72, 74, 83 V. mungo (L.) Hepper 42,305, 307, 312, 314-5 Trifolium alexandrinum L. 127, 170, 171, 172 V. radiata (L.) Wilczek 305,307,312,314-5 T. fragiferum L. 125, 126, 127 var. sublobata (Roxb.) Verdc. 312 T. pratense L. 127 V. reticulata Hook.f. 312 T. repens L. 127 V. schimperi Baker 314 T. resupinatum L. 127, 171 V. subterranea (L.) Verdc. 43,305,312,314-5 T. subterraneum L. 127, 223 V. trilobata (L.) Verdc. 312 var. yanninicum (Katzn. & Morley) Zoh. 126 V. umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi& Ohashi 307,312,314 Trifolium spp. 127,223 V. unguiculata (L.) Walp. 42, 304-5, 307, 310, 312, Trigonella arcuata C. Meyer 283 314-5 T. arabica Del 127 subsp. dekindtiana (Harms) Verdc. 312 T. cachermiriana Cambess. 127 V. vexillata(L.) A. Rich. 312,314 T. elliptica Boiss. 127 Vigna spp. 89,227,303-318 T. griffithsii Boiss. 127 Viguiera helianthoides Kunth 168, 171 T. ruthenica L. 286 Vitaceae 13 3 T. teheranica Bornm. 127 Vitis berlandieri Planchon 133 Trigonellaspp. 89,127 V. riparia Michaux 133 Triodia spp. 153,293 V. rupestris Scheele 133 Triraphis mollis R.Br. 292 V. vinifera L. 133 Triticosecale sp. 37 V. vulpina L. 133 Triticum aestivum L. 36 T. turgidum L. 36 Washingtonia f"ilifera (Linder) H.A. Wendl 191,199 Triticum spp. 89 W. robusta H.A. Wendl 199 Tulipa iliensis Regel 283 Washingtonia spp. 22, 189, 190 Tylosema esculentum (Burchell) A. Schreiber 44, 72, 74,82,84,238,334,340 Xanthocephalum spp. 358, 364 Xeromphis nilitiea (Stapf) Keay 95 Ulmus pumila L. 282 Ximenia americana L. 72 Umbelliferae 89 X. caffra Sonder 72 Urochloa mosarnbicensis (Hackel) Dandy 148 Yucca spp. 400, 403 Vangueria infausta Burchell 73,233, 235-6 Vatica rassak (Korth.) BI. 353 Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. 4, 94, 168, 249 Ventilago viminalis Hook. 297 Z. mucronata Willd. 73 Ventilago spp. 290 Z. nummularia (Burm.f.) Wight & Am. 170, 245 Verbenaceae 168, 169 Z. spina-christi (L.) Desf. 89, 168, 170, 269, 271, Vieill atropurpurea Desf. 127 273 V. benghalensis L. 127 Ziziphus spp. 245 V. dasyearpa Ten. 127 Zostera marina L. 180 V. fabaL. 41,311 Zygochloa paradoxa (R.Br.) S.T. Blake 293 V. monantha Retz. 127 Zygophyllaceae 364,400,401,404 V. onobrychioides L. 127 Zygophyllum xanthoxylum (Bunge) Maxim. 281 V. sativa L. 127 V. villosa Roth 127 subsp. varia (Host) Corbiere 127 Vicia spp. 89, 127, 223, 420 LOWER PLANTS Vigna subgenus Cochliasanthus 315 Vigna subgenus Leptospron 315 Mosses Vigna subgenus Plectotropis 315 Vigna subeenus Sigmoidotropis 315 Tortula ruralis (Hedw.) Gaertner 50 V. aconitifolia (Jacq.) Marechal 44,305,307,312, 314-5 V. adenantha (G.F. Meyer) Marolchal, Maschepa & lichens Stainer 312,314,317 V. ambacensis Baker 312 Collema coccophorus TUck. 219 V. angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi 305, 315 Ramalina duriaei (De Not.) Jatta 270 438 Taxonomic index

Fungi ANIMALS

Candida a1bicans (Robin) Berkh. 407,408 Colletroctrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacco [imp. Mammals stat. of Clomerella cinculata (Stonem.) Spaulding & Schrenk] 150 Antilope cervicapra rajputanae Zukowsky 245 Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. 407 Boselophas tragocarnelus Pallas 245 Penicillium spp. 404 Cervus axis (Erxleben) 245 Phytophthora spp. 23,47 Equus hemionus khur Lesson 245 pythium spp. 47,407 Lynx caracal (Schreber) 245 Rhizoctonia solani Kiihn [imp. stat. of Thanalephorus Gazella gazella arabica Lichtenstein 268 cucumeris (Frank) Donk] 407 G. gazella bennettii Sykes 245 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Meyen ex Hausen 407, 408 Oryx leucoryx Pallas 268 Terfezia baudieri Chat. 73, 75 Panthera pardus L. 245 T. pfeilii Henn. 75 Panthera tigris L. 245

Algae Insects

Botryococcus braunii Kuetzing 380 Acanthoscelides obtectus Say. 303-4, 310 Dunaliella spp. 380 Apis cerana Fabr. 164, 166, 171 Neochloris oleoabundans Chant. & Bold 380 A. dorsata Fabr. 164, 166 Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin 380 A. florea Sab. 164, 166, 171,271 Spirilina spp. 380 A. melliferaL. 108,164,166,171,271 Apis spp. 164, 166 Callosobruchus chinensis L. 303-16 passim Bacteria C. maculatus F. 303-16 passim Caryedes brasiliensis Thunb. 310 Azospirillum Iipoferum (Beijerinck) Tarrand, Krieg & Centris miJ.. ta Friese 108 Dobereiner 220 Coleoptera 109,416 Azospirillum spp. 220 Crytophlebia carpophagoides Clarke 109 Bacillus subtilis (Ehrenberg) Cohn 407,408 Diabrotica 27 Cyanobacteria spp. 217 Insecta 416 Escherichia coli (Migula) Castellani & Chalmers 345, Lepidoptera 109 351,408 Leptotetes trigemmatus Butler 109 Frankia spp. 220 Luperini 28 Nostoc flagelliforme Berkeley & Curtis ex Bornet & Meliponini 164 Flahault 217 Phoracantha spp. 136 Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Schroeter) Migula 408 Schizaphis grarninum (Rondani) 365 Salmonellaspp. 345,351,404 Scutobruchus gastoi Kingsolver 109 Staphylococcus albus Rosenbach 407 Specularius spp. 310 S. aureus Rosenbach 407, 408 Zabrotes subfasciatus Boheman 303-5, 310 General index

Because of limited space subsidiary geographical locations are under the appropriate country; national and international bodies, institutions, etc. are under 'organiza• tions'. aboriginals or aborigines, Australian 53-68,200, (Amaranthus spp.) 246; grain 20,45-6, 298; Pitjantjatjara people 299 246-8;vegetable 247-8 Acocia shrublands, Australia 143-158 amenity planting (see also ornamentals and landscap• acetic acid 351 ing) 166,183,290,293-7,299-300 active plants (see also inert plants) 286 America 79, 182, 258 adhesive (see also glue and gum) 350,362 Central or meso- 26, 29, 98, 164, 246, 408 Aegean Islands 132 Latin 1,27,41,103-4,106,164,408 aeolian sediments 14 North 14,19,21,28,31,43,46, 132,180,189, afforestation, see reafforestation 190,303,358,369,372,399,407 Afghanistan 41,117,121,127 South 30,35,98, 123, 155, 164, 182, 190,246, Africa 1, 10, 13, 15, 16, 19,30,35,39,42-3,45, 338,358,407,408 90-1,114,143,154,156,164,190,192,197, American honey locust (Gleiditsia triacanthos) 132 199,204,238,343,369,373,380 American Indians, see Indians East 98,197,198 amides 227 North 36,117-39 pl$sim, 181-2,193 amino acids 45,49,227,246,247, 248; essential South (region) 44,69-84 248; cystine 30,248; isoleucine 248; leucine 248; South, Repub!;c of, see South Africa Iycine 247,248;methionene 248;mimosine 151, West 12, 43, ~8, 179, 184; 189 250; phenylalarnine 248; proline 49,50,225; African people, Batswana 235,237;Bushmen 69, threonine 248; thryoxin 250; tryptophan 248; 237;Hottentots 69,77-8, 81-3;Topnar Hotten· tyrosine 248; valine 248 tots 77; Khoi-Khoin 69; Khoisan 69, 76, 84; ammonium ions 215,226,227 KungSan 81;Ndebele 77;Pedi 77, 235;San 69; amylase 167; alpha-amylase inhibitors 317 75-6, 78,82-3;Swazi 235;Venda 235; anabolic 257 Zulu 235 Andes, mountain range 103-4,107,112 agaves (Agave spp.) 19, 22-4 Angola 69 agricultural tools 88 animal husbandry, see livestook production agriculture (see also crop growing) 93, 370, 372 animal products 372; hair 261; hides and skins 107, conventional 96;rainfed 10,14,17,39,41, 261;meat 64,107,109, 235; milk and milk 244; runoff 20; sllvi-agri-pastoral system 261, products 156, 261; wool 109 156, 261 263-4; traditional 95, 177 antimetabolites, see seed antimetabolites agriphytochemicals (see also biochemicals) 399,411 anti-oxidant 24 agro-forestry 51, 200 aphids, see insects 'a(,alan (Juniperos macropoda) 273,368 apple sauce substitute 235 alcohol, potable 23,24, 193-4, 196, 235, 236 Arabia 121,267 alcohol, fuel 185, 385 Arabian Sea 267 Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) 125,137 argan (Argania spinosa) 133 alfalfa (Medicago sativa) 107, 109, 165, 182, 205, Argentina 106-7, 163,335, 336, 338, 378 210, 224 aridity coefficient index 9-10, 13 algae 380-1; blue-green 380 Aristida-Bothriochloa woodlands 144-5 algarrobo (Prosopis chiliensis) 106, 108 arta (Calligonum crinatum) 268 Algeria 117,119,120,121,125,126,130,135, ash 54-63,71-3,236,237,269 194;GreatEasternSandSea 135; Tadmit 126; Asia 1,10,25,28,40,42,90-1,164,190,197,369 Tassili N'Ajjers 134 East 189 aliphatics 357; aliphatic acids 405; alcohols 405; esters Minor 132 405 South 192 alkali tolerant 183 South-east 35,45, 200, 246 alkaloids 299, 400 South-west 35 alkanes 409-10 West 36, 192 almonds (Prunusamygdalus) 16,73,78,81 asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) 77, 79 440 General index

athel (Tamaro: spp.) 268 bell peppers, see chilepine aubergines (Solanum melongena) 184,248 benzofurans 399,403 Australia 1,10,35,47,53-68,114,120-38 benzopyrans 403 passim, 143-58, 171, 179, 180, 182, 183, ber (Ziziphus mauritiana) 4 190, 199-200, 208, 219, 289-300, 335, 369, betaines 225 373-78 passim beverages 249 ACT, Canberra 419; Channel country 145 biochemicals, phytochemicals or speciality chemicals (map); Finke River 199;Katherine 148; (see also agriphytochemicals) 118,365,399-411 Northern Territory 143-58, 355; Queensland biocidal activity of resins and flavonoids 406-7 143-58;Simpson Desert 199;Townsville 148; biocrude or liquid fuel 357,365,373,375 Victoria 171; Western Australia 143-58, 219, biological desalinization 182 355; Western Desert 53,65 biomass production 109, 180, 182, 224, 243, 283, Australian aboriginals, see aboriginals 284, 287;for energy 184,363,365,370-1, Australian native millet, see millet, Australian native 381,385-97 auxin 334 bird plum, see mutsintsila Black Sea 181 bags 198; mesh 195 black gram (Vigna mungo), see also green gram 314 bacteria 404,407-8; actinomycete 220; innocula- bleeding heart (Clerodendrum f/oribundum) 58 tion 220; root association 220,227 blue-green algae, see cyanobacteria Bahrain 117 boards, see building materials bajra, see millet, pearl Bolivia 336, 338 baking soda 181 Botswana 12,69, 231-41; Gaborone 12; Kalahari balsams, see resins 237; Kalahari Hardveld 231; Kalahari Sandveld bambara groundnut (Vigna subte"anea) 43,314 231, 238-9; Okavango Delta 231 banana (Musa spp.) 4, 65 bovids see cattle Bangladesh 354 boxes or crates 134,193; fancy 197 baobab (Adansonia digitata) 77 brackish water, see salinization BAP (6-benzyl-aminoporine) 334-40 passim bramble wattle (Acacia victoriae) 56 barilla (sodium carbonate) 181 brandy (see also alcohol, potable) 235 , cultivated (Hordeum vulgare) (see also cereals) Brazil 26,41,190,195-6,335,369,370,371,373, 35-7,48,91,96, 178, 185, 323-7; wild (Hor• 377,422 deum spp.) 121 Brazil nuts (Bertholletia excelsa) 73, 81 barrels 109 bread, making 64, 181 baskets 7,181,193-9 passim, 239 brigalow (Acacia harpophylla) 144, 145 (map), 148 bastard mopane or chivi tree (Guibourtia coleosperma) broad-leaved parakeely (CAlandrina balonensis) 57 82 browse (see also fodder and food, animal) 7, 17,95, beans 185, 193; common or pinto bean (Phaseolus 99, 118, 128, 143-58, 224,244,245,249,261, vulgaris) 20,30, 107; desert (J'haseolus filiformis, 269-71,273,280, 294-6,336;camel 128, P. ritensis) 20, 22, 29; faba (Vicia faba) 35, 41, 179,198,269-70;cattle 179,336;gazelle 128, 311; Hottentots (Schotia afra) 81 ;jackbean 268-9;goats 128,269-70;herbivores 131,270; (Canavalia ensiformis) 45; lablab (Lablab purpur· sheep 128, 130 eus) 43; lima (Phaseolus lunatus) 30; marama or brushes 198; carpet 197; scrubbing 197 maramba (Tylosema esculentum) 44,82, 238; buffalo 245 maloga (Vigna lanceolata) 63; moth (Vigna aconi• building or construction materials 7,93, 107-9, tifolia) 44,314;mung(Vignamungo) 42;rice 199, 200, 243; beams 198; bridges 195; boards (Vigna umbellata) 314; soya or soybean (Glycine 193; doors 193; parquet floors 109;pilings 195; max) 73,82,223,248, 323, 340, 371; swordbean pillars 197;poles 243,338;posts 197,198; (CAnavalia gladiata) 45; tepary (Phaseolus acutifo• rafters 193,197;roofbeams 195;shutters 193; lius) 20,30,43,221,314; wild coffee (Bauhinia sleepers 109; walls 193; water pipes 198 petersiana) 81; wild mung (Vigna vexil/ata) 314; Bulgaria 171 yam (J'achy"hizus erosus) 26 burning, see fire bee forage, honey, nectar or pollen 163-6, 173, bush or desert banana (Leichardtia leptophylla) 60 263,271,290, 291 bush or desert tomato (Solanum chippendalei) 62, 65 bee keeping or apiary (see also honey) 163-75, bush, desert or wild cucumber (Leichardtia australis) 250; hives 164, milk 163, venom 163 60,66 bees 163-75; hive or honey (Apis mellifera) 108, bush encroachment 240 132,164,271; solitary (Centris mixta) 108; bush fallow 97 stingless (Meliponini) 164; worker 163; pollina• bush onion or nut grass (Cyperus bulbosus) 58 tion by 163 bush plum or sandalwood (Santalum Ianceolatum) beeswax 163 61,66 beef production, see animal production, beef bush raisin (Solanum centrale) 62 beetles, see insects bushfires, see fire General index 441

biit (Sideroxylon mascatense) 273 Chaidamu Basin 281; Gansu Province 281, C3 224; C4 plant 40,45,48,220,224,248 285; Hexi Corridor 281; Huang Chentan sheep cactus 29,128,210; columnar (Pachycereus pringlei) farm 285; Hulumbeier 278; Igzhao prefecture 19, 181; organpipe (Cereus thurberi) 22 285; Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region camanchaca (see also fog) 104, 110 280-1, 285, Inner Mongolian Plateau 278; camel food, see browse, camel Muchenshao commune 285; Qinghai Province camels 245, 286, 289 278,281;Sanjuchen 285;Shuang-Lio plain camotes frontispiece, 25 278; Xingjiang Autonomous Region 281 Canada 129,358,369 Chinese box thorn or Chinese wolfberry (Lycium Canary Islands 131, 333, 340 chinense) 28 candelilla (Pedilanthus mtlcrocarpus) 399,40810 chivi tree see bastard mopane wax, see waxes, candelilla cholla or jumping cholla (Opuntia fulgida) 29 candle nut (Aleurites moluccana) 66 citric acid 194, 236 candles 260 citrus (atrus spp.) 16,75,114,193 canes 195,197 clover, alyce (Alysocarpus vaginalis) 208; perennial Cape Verde Islands 131 (Trifolium spp.) 127; subterranean (Trifolium capers (Capparis spinosa) 66 subterranea) 127; sweet (Melilotus spp.) 126 carbohydrate 54-68,71-3,76-7,79,82-4,109, cluster fig (Ficus racemosa) 59 163, 181,226,234,236-7,253,298,372,374; coastal caper (Capparis spinosa) 57 digestable 271 coastal deserts 11, 178, 180 carbon dioxide 12,215,222,224-6 coatings industries (see also textile industries) 362 carbon disulphide 253 cocaine bush (Erythroxylum coca) 418 Caribbean 171,408 coconu t (Cocos nucifera) 4; 0 il 25 3 carnauba wax 195 coffee, ersatl or substitute 67,81-2,196 carnauba wax palm, see palm, carnauba wax cold or frost sensitive 132;resistance 47; stress 35; carob (Ceratonia siliqua) 336; pods 198 tolerance 36,41,125,126,135,211,400 carpentry, woodwork or carving, wood 7, 235, 239- Colombia 24,339,371 40 condiments and/or spices 24,274 carrot (Daucus carota) 73. 76, 79-80, 82-3 confectionary or candies 247,249,250,348,349 cash crops 263 conkerberry (Carissa lanceolata) 58,66 cashew (Anacardium occidentale) 4 construction materials, see building materials castor (Ricinus communis) 248 copals, see resins cattle or bovids 5,88, 109, 113, 146, 153,245, 289, cordage 181,193,198,199,341 290,293;liveweight 147;Mongolian 280 cork oak (Quercussuber) 131 cattle food, see animal food, cattle corn, see cedar forests 122 cos lettuce (Lactuca sativa) 89 cellulose 346 cosmetics (see also perfume) 46, 235, 256, 273 Cenozoic 13 Costa Rica 164, 335 cereals (see also barley, maize, millets, , sorghum, cotton fGossypium spp.) 178,185,209,245,371 , etc.) 14,16,35,38-40,68,185,227, cotton gin residues, mulching 209 246, 248, 303, 369; domestication of 87 cow dung, as fuel 243 Chad 380; Chari River 12; Lake Chad 12 cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) 42,45,304,314,323 Chapatis 247 crafts 243; materials 239;gourds, engraved 240; Charcoal (see also firewood) 15,87,107,109,135, turnery 109; weaving 239 179,240,250,341 Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) 19, 224 Chaya (Cnidoscolus chayamtlnsa) 22, 26 crates, see boxes cheeky yam (Dioscorea bulbifera) 58 creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) 210,399,404-8 chemicals, see biochemicals crested wattle (Albizilliophantha) 56 chenopods, fodder 182; halophytic 178 crimson turkey bush (Eremophila latrobei) 59 chewing gum 273 crop growing or crop production (see also agriculture) chicken coops 193 91,95,98;annual 96;failure 93; chickpea (Cicerarietinum) 41,323;desri 35,41; intercropping 42; rotations or rotational kabuli 35,41 cropping 89, 91, 96, 97 Chile 101-15,132,336,338, 377; Antofagasta crops, new (see also industrial plants) 20; orchard 108;Arica 108; Atacama Desert 101-15; 51; crop wastes as fuel 243, as mulch 209; root Iquique 107,108;PampadeiTamarugo 103- crops 43 15 crude oil (see also fossil fuel) 357,365,369-80 chilepine, chile del monte, chile pequin or bell peppers passim (Capsicum annuum) 22, 24-5 cucurbitacins 27 China 15,38-9,41,156,163,217,277-87,369 cucurbits, pumpkins and squashes (see also melons) climatic diagrams Mingfeng 279, Tacheng 279, 22, 27 -8; buffalo gourd (Cucurbita foetidissimtl) Yanchi 279, Yingchuan 279 27,45,210; 442 General index

cucurbits (contd.) coyote gourd (Cucurbita digitata, desert banana see bush banana C. sororia) 26-8; cucumber (Cucumis sativus) desert cucumber see bush cucumber 73,78-80,247; cushaw (Cucurbita mixta) 27; desert tomato see bush tomato herero cucumber (,Acanthosycos naudinitma) desert kurrajong (Brachychiton gregorij) 56 78; pumpkin (Lagenaria siceraria) 107; West desert oak (,Acacia coriacea) 35 Indian gherkins (Cucumis angoria) 79 desert raisin (Soillnum ellipticum) 62, 65 cultivars, cv. Fitzroy (Stylosanthes scabra) 148 desert yam (Dioscorea spp.) 67 cv. Schofield (Stylosanthes guianensis) 148 desertification or desertization 4, 14,98, 100, 108, cv. Secca (Stylosanthes scabra) 148, 150 185,244,280,284-6, 289, 344; desert encroach• cv. Siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum) 148, ment 3 152 cv. Verano (Stylcsanthes hamata) 148, 150, desiccation 13, 98 152 dessert nut, marama bean as 82 cultivation 6, 13, 284, 286; shifting 203; tillage, developed countries 17, 370 minimal 156 developing or underdeveloped countries 17, 93, cyanobacteria 217-9,227 156-7, 174,421,423 cycads 217,219 dhaincha (Sesbania bispinosa) 255-6 cyclohexan 375 diesel fuel (see also crude oil, fossil fuel and gasoline) Cyprus 117 259,365 digestibility, of browse, fodder, etc. 109,146,153; dairy production, see animal husbandry, dairy of organic matter in dry matter 269 dammars, see resins dihydroflavonol methyl esters 404 dams or reservoirs 4, 16, 22 diseases, human, see medicines dandelion (Taraxacum spp.) 164 diseases, piants, anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeos• databases or information bank (see also microcom• porioides) 150-1, 153;ascochyta blight 41; puters) 174,414-25 J>1ssim; bibliographic bean golden mosaic virus 30, yellow mosaic 413-6,422,423;factual 416-21,423;germ• leaf virus 44 plasm 420; information services 413-25; resistance or tolerance 30,36-9,44, 180,303, AGRICOLA 415;AGRIS 415;Biological 351,400 Records Centre 421; BIOS IS 413,414; BIOSIS domestication potential 70, 74 PREVIEWS 415,416,422; BJOSIS TRF 419, doors, see building materials 420;CAB 413;CAB ABSTRACTS 415,416; dormancy, summer 121,127 CAESALPINIOIDEAE 419; DATA-STAR 416; drainage (see also irrigation) 16,17,178;tile 178; DIALOG 416;ESFEDS 419,420;FOREST tube wells 178; wells, for irrigation 178 PRODUCTS 415; GRASSES 419; IBPGR dress materials 7 413;IBRA 173-4,413,418, 424;INIREB 418; drilling or mining muds, use of gum for 352 lUCN 421,424; Izmir Seedbank 421; Kew drought 2,7,11,12,24,30,53,93-4,120,154, Herbarium List 419; Kew Seed Bank 421; Kew 203-4,223,227,232,238,244,281-2,289, Seed & Gardens Records 413;LEGUME 419; 385 MUPOTAS 418; NAPRALERT 314,418; drought avoiding, escaping or evading plants 42,47- PISUM 421; PLANT CHARACTER DIVERSITY 9,209-10,225,244 419; Pretoria Herbarium 421; ROTEM PROJECT resistance 39,47-50,81,110,122,131,282, 413;420,421;SEPASAT 1,167,413,423, 286, 293, 303, 338; resisting or hardy plants 4, 424; SOLANACEAE CHECKLIST 419,420; 244; survival 222 TROPAG 415; UN AM Herbarium 421; USDA stress 35 413,418; VICIEAE/LEGUME 413,419,420, dry matter (see also moisture content) 147 423,424; ZOOLOGICAL RECORD 415,416 drugs see medicines germplasm 420 dune fixation, reclamation or stabilization 100, 130, information services 413-425; 135,178,206,209,418 date alcohol 193-4; butter 193-4; preserve 193; dwarf sisal (Agave angustifolia) 23 seed oil 193; sugar 194, syrup 193-4, vinegar dyes 239 193-4, wine 193 date palm, see palms, date East Indies 353 Date Palm, First Symposium on 195 economic genera or plants 1,21,419,421 dates 192-5; fossil 192; varieties 193, Deglet economic plants, definition 2 Noor 193,195, Medjool 193,195, Thoory Ecuador 338, 339 193 Galapagos Islands 339 decongestants 299 edible plants (see also food) 19,21,35,53-85,87- deforestation (see also reafforestation) 96, 261 91,166,175,231-8,298 deodorant 24 fruit or pods 4,7,19,22,24,29,30,43-4,54, desert 11,14,20-1,53-68,103,117, 268; micro• 76-80,83-4,94,103,182,185,195,197-9, phyllous 403; sarcocaulescent 403; sarcophyl• 234,236,249,250,273,290,298,338; dried lous 403 56,235, 250; fresh or raw 65,235; General index 443

edible plants (see also food) (contd.) jam, jelly or textile, non dietary 23-4,97, 118, 193, 195, preserve 28,66,76,193,197,235,238,250; 197-9,246,255-6,341,374,399,400,416 juice 76,235 figs (Ficus spp.) 16,66, 193 pickles 182, 150 fire, brushfire or burning 53,144,154,204,219, inflorescence 83 ; petals 25 244,286,289,298 leaves 3,23,26,28,77,180; spinach 77 firewood or fuelwood 4,5, 13, 17, 22,42,88, 93, roots, rootstocks, tubers or corms 19,25-6, 97,106,108-9,118,137-9,166,179,180, 44,54,66-7,76,79-80,82-3,89,197,289, 183,184,193,220,235,243-55 passim, 262, 312 284,290,293,294-7,299,336,338,340,385, seeds (see also legume seeds) 22, 25, 26, 30,43, 396; crops 344, 370 44,54,64,78,82,87,289,312 fishing 108; nets 195; nets, floats for 193 eelgrass (Zostera marina) 180 fixative for dentures, use of gum 350 eggplant, see aubergine flavonoides 357, 360, 404, 406; flavone 404 Egypt 14,87-91,117,120,121,130,135,181, flavourings 235 193-4, 197-9, 340, 369; Badari 91;Delta 87; flooding (see also waterlogging) II, 195,389 Faiyum 91; Marimde 91; Nubia 87; Upper floods 2,87-9,91; flash 268 87,89 floppy discs (see microcomputers) prehistoric or predynastic 87 -91; Pharonic 14. florist materials, dried 232, 239 89;tombs 198,199 floss 25 EI Niiio, current II flotation preparations, use of gum for 352 emulsifiers, use of gum for 346, 350, 351 flour 247,338 energy, see also crude oil, firewood, etc. 99,118, fodder (see also browse and food, animal) 4,7,35- 385-97; renewable 385 51 passim, 93-4, 97, 103,112,117-39,143-58, energy value, from food or kilojule 55-64,71-3, 166,175,178,180,182-5,195,211,221,243- 76-9,81-2,236,237 61 passim, 280, 286-7, 290, 294-7, 299, 300, entomological preparation, see insecticides 312,335,338,340,351,385;drought 154 Eocene 189 fog (see also camanchaca) II, 104 eri-silk worm, raising of 260 food or foodstuffs (see also edible plants) 4, 7, 24, erosion control 299, 312;lack of 244 38,93,224,243-4,246,249,256,263,294-7, rain 183;splash 204; water 203-10,289 299,348,351-2,369-70,374-400;additives soil 3,95, 166, 2c'3-4, 206, 209, 223, 245, 348;crop 180,248;famine 3,7;gatherers, 261,262,280,286 gathering 53,91;industries 64,362;minor wind 12,14,97,183,203,204-10,285,290 food products 182 essential oils 94, 299, 359 food, animal, livestock or pet (see also browse and ethanol (see also methanol) 260,375,376 fodder) 25, 27, 38, 179,221,243, 352, 353, Ethiopia 6, 12,40,44, 369, 377 376; cattle 109,249,255-6,341,374,400; ethylene 374 goats 249, 250; poultry 255; sheep 250 eucalypts (Eucalyptus spp.) 144, 290 food·producing societies 91 eucalyptus oil 300 foodstuffs, see food eukaryotes (see also prokaryotes) 215 forage, see fodder Euro-Siberian region 180 forage grasses, see grasses, forage Europe 16,90,121,164,171,173,182,239,303, forage legumes, see legumes, forage 354, 369,372,420,422 forestry (see also reafforestation) 370,372 European Core Inventory (ECOlN) 345; Inventory of fossil fuel (see also crude oil) 13,370, 385 Existing Chemical Substances (EINECS) 345 foundary sands, use of gum for 348 evaporation 9, 10, 13; evapo-transpiration 9, 278 France, Cam argue 181 frankincense, from Boswel/in spp. 271-3,352,353 fallow 95,97,120; bush 97-8 fringe rush (Fimbristyllis spp.) 59 fans 193,197.200 frost or freezes 24, 386 Far East 133 frost or cold sensitive or frost tender 24,46, 81, 132 fat 54-68,71-3,77-8,181,182,234,236,237, tolerance or frost hardy 28,30,37,130,132, 298 199 fatty acids 27,81,357 fructose, see sugar, fructose feeding deterrents, see insects, feeding deterrents fruit crops 245; trees 273 fencing 4,97,193,195 fruit, edible see edible fruit fermentation technology industries 346 fuel, see firewood fermenting agent 30 fue~ alcohol 185,374 fertilizers 154, 246, 249, 250, 260, 380; nitrogen fue~ fossil 13, 385 153; phosphate 146, 152, 154; superphosphate funeral wood 8 148 fungi 404; phytopathogenic 407 fibre or fiber, dietary, man 24,54-63,65,67,71-3, fungicides 400 77-8,81,84,234,236,237,248;stock 146 furniture 7,109,193,198 444 General index

galactomannan 256,347,352,354 273; weeping 10vegrass (Eragrostis curvula) 205, gallitos (PediIDnthus spp.) 408 209; we.tern wheatgrass (Agropyron smithii) Gambia 171 205; Wilman lovegrass (Eragrostis superba) 207; garlic (Allium spp.) 89 woollybutt grass (Eragrostis erlopoda) 59; yellow garrigues 131 bluestem (Bothrlochloa ischaemum) 207 gasoline (see also crude oil, diesel and fossil fuels) 260 forage 193, 220 gazelle (GazellagazellD) 126; 268; Indian 245 grazing 17,36,95,133,143,151,180,200,203, 'generally recognised as safe' (GRAS) 350, 351 208, 224, 280, 284, 287; pressure (see also over• genetic resources 20, 98; selection 385 grazing) 151, 155, 211, 261; rotational 286; Germany 81, 238, 350 stocking rates 146,208; trials 149 germination inhibitors 119,120;rates 121,124 Greece 182,377;Attica 163 germ plasm 20,79, 157, 184, 200, 250 green crumbweed (Chenopodium rhadinostachyum) ghiif (Prosopis cineraria) 268-71 58 Ghana, Lake Volta 12 green gram (Vigna radiata), see also black gram 314 glaciation 14 green manure (see also mulching) 224, 255 glass industry 181 grindelic acid 360; grindelic acid derivatives 365 glucose, see sugar, glucose grinding stones 87-8 glue (see also adhesives and gum) 30, 273 ground cover 183,312 glycinebetaine 49, 50 groundnut or peanut (Arachis hypogea) 35,42-3, glycoside 27; glyocosidase inhibitors 317 82,245;oil 253 goats 5, 113, 244, 286, 289; Angora 113 groundwater 19, 114 browse, see browse, goats Guatemala 23, 198, 339 food, see food, animal guayule (parthenium argentatum) 8,257-9,373, grain bins 91 376,377-9,399,400-2,410 grain legumes, legume seeds or pulses (see also edible gum (see also adhesives and glue) 93-4,249,254-7, seeds) 14,40,43,81,89-90 262, 359, 400; natural 343-55; - acacia, from cereal 36; grass or grass seed 7,64,89-90 Acacia spp. 348; - arabic or gumhashab from grapes, see vines Acacia senegal 97,249,273,346,347-9,353; grapple (Harpagophytum procumbens) 238 - dammar from Dipterocarpaceae 353; - ghatti grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) 7 from Anogeissus spp. 354; - guggulu from grasses, birdwood grass (Cenchrus set/gerus) 154; Commiphora wightii 251-2; - karaya from Ster• black speargrass (Heteropogon contortus) 144, culia spp. 344,346,347,349-50,353; - taiba 145, (map), 150-1; blue grama(Bouteloua gracilis) from Acacia seyal 348; - tragacanth from Astrag• 205; blue parJcgrass (Panicum antidotale) 207; alus spp. 346,347,350-1, 353;guar gum bluegrass (Dichanthium spp.) 144, 145 (map); from Cyamops/s tetragonolobus 354, 344, 346, bluegrass (poa pratensis) 208; boer lovegrass 347,351-2, 353; locust bean or carob gum (Eragrostis curvula) 207; buffel grass (Cenchrus from Ceratonia si/iqua 344,346,347,352,353; ciliarls) 154,157,207; cloncurry grass (Cenchrus mesquite gum from Prosopis spp. 354; tara gum pennisetiformis) 154; cochese lovegrass (Eragros· from Caesalpin/a spp. 347, 354 tis lehmanniana X almum) 207-8; crested wheat• gumweed (Grindelia camporum) 358 grass (Agropyron desertorum) 205; green needle• grass (Stipa virldula) 205; green sprangletop hay 312 (Leptochloa dubia) 207; intermediate wheat• hair oil 253 grass (Elymus hispidus) 205; J ohnsongrass (Sor• halophytes (see also salt tolerance) 177 -185; defini- ghum halepense) 207, 385; Kalar grass (Lepto• tion 179 chloa fusca) 182; kangaroo grass (Themeda hats 195, 197, 198, 200 triandra) 208; kleingrass (Panicum coloratum) HawatianIslands 171 207, 209; Lehmann lovegrass (Eragrostis lehman• heat tolerance 23, 30 niana) 207, 210-11; mesa drop seed (Sporobolus hedges or live fencing 5, 166, 341, 380; for browse or jlexuosus) 209; Mitchell grass (Astrebla spp.) 145 fodder 130,131;ornamental 132;thorn 136 (map), 153, 155; needle-and-thread (Stipa comata) herbal medicine, see medicines, herbal 205; needle grama (Bouteloua arlstoides) 209; herbal tea 274 needle grass 285; Palmer's saltgrass (Distichlis Himalayas 165; Himalayan belt 246 palmeri) 180-1, 185; sandhill cane grass (Zygo• Holocene 14,15,87-8,90-1 chloa paradoxa) 293; sideoats grama (Bouteloua honey 7,28,108,118,132,163-75,271,290; cirtipendula) 207; smooth bromegrass (Bromus honey hunting 164 inermis) 205; speargrass (black) (Heteropogon horses 285,289; Mongolian 280,286 contortus) 144; sorghum almum (Sorghum X Hottentots cabbage (Trachyandra falcata) 83 almum) 207; spinifex (Triodia spp.) 293; tall human settlements 87-8 fescue (Festuca arundinacea) 121; tall wheatgrass Humboldt Current 11, 103, 108 (Elymus elongatus) 208; panicum (Panicum humid bioclimate 117,123,127,129,131 texanum) 209; tussock grass (Plectrachne spp.) hunting and gathering 88, 289, 298 General index 445 hydrocarbons 262,274,357,369-83 Qom 129; Yadz 129 hydrogen 222 Irano-Turanian zone 135 hyper-arid or extremely arid lands or regions I, 9, Iraq 117,119, 193-5; Baghdad 195;Tigris• 20,30,118 Euphrates Valleys 177 hypocholesterolemic drug 251 ironwood (Acacia estrophioiata) 55 hypoglycenic 257 irrigation 10,14-7,19,20,24,28,37,39-41,107, 114,121, 135, 177-8, 181, 184, 189,223,227, Ice Age 13 250,255,264,376,380; by seawater 178-9, in vitro propagation, see micropropagation 182, 184; by sewage water 183 India 4,7,8, II, 12, 15, 19,35,38-41,43-6, irrigation canals (see also drainage) 16, 177 i 98,121-2,154,156,171,179,181,183,196-8, isbaq (Euphorbia iarica) 274 243-64,349,351,354,369,421 isoprenoid polymers 357 Andaman Islands 259; Andhra Pradesh 244; Israel 5, 13,47, 117, 130, 132, 134, 135, 171,180, Aravallis mountains 251; Banaskantha District 181,183,199, 340; Dead Sea Valley 181,380, 255; Bhavanagar 180; Bombay 350; Central 413,420,421;Eilath 129;Negev 5,130,135; Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur 4; Sinai 13 Central Drugs Research Institute, Lucknow Italy 123, 125, 182, 378 251;Deccan 252;Gujarat 4,244,251,255; 'itm (Olea europaea) 268-9 HamachalPradesh 246;Haryana 4,244; Ivory Coast, Lake Bandama 12 ICRISAT, Hyderabad 35; Jammu & Kashmir 244; Karnataka 244,251; Kutch Division 251; jalapeno (Capsicum annuum) 25 Ladakh area 244; Madhya Pradesh 251 ; jamete, see gallitos Maharashtra 4, 251; Mahasana District 255; Japan 345,371,379 National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow Java 171 258; Orissa 7; Punjab 244; Rajasthan 4, 11, jicama (pachyrhizum erosus) 26 122,123,132,181,244-63 passim; Regional jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) 8, 20, 45-7, 257, Research Laboratory, Jammu 251; Uttar 404; oil or wax 46-7,257 Pradesh 171 Jordan 40,117,129;Akaba 129;DeadSeaValley people, Tamils 197 181,380 Indian bedellium (Cammiphora wightii) 251-2 jowar, see Sorghum Indian vetch (Lathyrus sativus) 7 jujuba (Ziziphus mouritiana) 4; wild (z. nummularia) Indians: Californian 199;Cocopo 181; Maya 26; 245 Pima 28,30; Sand Papago 30; Seri 28-9, 180; jumping cholla, see cholla Yaqui 25; Yuman 181 Indonesia 4,7,171, 179, 197 K value of aridity 277 Nusa Tenggara Timur 4, 7; Sawu Island 4 Kalahari 44,237,340 Indo-Pacific region 179 Kalahari raisin (Grewia retinervis) 84 industrial plants, feedstocks or raw materials (see kapok (Ceiba spp_) 22 also crops, new) 246,249,257-9,262,264, kapok bush (Aerva ;avanlca) 155 357 karat (Acacia nilotica) 268,274 inert plants (see also active plants) 284, 286-7 kauri fossils, see resins infiltration rate., see soil infiltration rates Kenya 7,183, 198,370,379,380;Nairobi 9; insect pests 109,253; herbivory 404,407 Turkana 7 adzuki seed beetle (Callosobruchus chinensis) Kew, Royal Botanic Gardens 309,317,331,373, 303;apbids 365; bean seed beetle (Acantho• 417,418,419; IUCN Conservation Monitoring scelides obtectus) 303; bruchid beetles 303- Centre 421; Museums of Economic Botany 17; Colorado potato beetle 365; corn (maize) 417;Seed Bank, Wakehurst Place 421;SEPASAT rootworm 28; cowpea seed beetle (Calloso• 1,167,413,423,424 bruchus mocuiatus) 303; diabrotica 27; fruit khoa plant (Fockea angustifolia) 76 moth (Cryptophlebia, Leptotetes) 109; long• khurmiin (Jaubertia aucheri) 269 horn beetles (Phoracantha spp_) 136; luperine kilojule, see energy values from food beetles 28; Mexican bean seed beetle (Zebrotes knife handles 109 subfasciatus) 303; pest beetles 416 Korea 422 resistance or tolerance 27, 36, 227, 314 Kranz-type anatomy (see also C4 plant) 48 insecticides or entomological preparations (see also Kung San people 81 pesticides) 28,252,317,400,401, 403; feeding kurrajong (Brachychiton populneum) 57,65,67 deterrents 364; fly repellants 299; repellants Kuwait 117 253,403; synthetic 306 Iran 41,117, 119, 121, 124, 127, 129,133, 134, labdane-derived acids 362 193-4,350; Ahvaz 134; Bam 129; Homand land degredation (see also erosion, soil) 4 Research station 119, 120, 124; Kari 119; land reclamation 129,132,183,249,261,290; Karman 129; Kharaj 124;Meched 129; amelioration 99; management 93 446 General index

land-use plans 244 matorrals 131 landscaping (see also amenity planting and orna- mats 181,193-200 paSSim, 341 mentals) 183-4,193 meat production, see animal products latex 77,94,273,359,373,374,375,377,410 medical treatment: anthelmintic 257, anthiasthmatic lathyrism 7 257; antibiotic 400, 407; antiinflamatory 257; lauric acid 253 arthritis 239, 251; chest complaints 235; colds lawns or turf 122 and coughs 274; diabetes 239;diarrhoea 235; Lebanon 40, 117, 171 fever 235; gall bladder complaints 239; goitre lectin 311 due to mirnosine 250; kidney complaints 239; legumes 19,22,30,35,40-5,89,91,138,146, laxatives 255,350; leprosy 253; liver com• 150,217,219,224,226,249,262,286,303-17, plaints 239;malaria 16,235;malnutrition 375 243; menstrual problems 235; obesity 251; forage 221, 223-4;pasture see pastures, legume poultices 235; rheumatism 253 seeds, grain legumes or pulses (see also edible medicare 246 seeds) 14,43,45,81,89-90,221,227,245, medicinal herbs or plants 30, 238-9, 243, 250, 312,327-8 251-4,257,262,299 lengagale (dried melon) 237,238 medicines, medicinal products, drugs or pharmaceuti• lentils (Lens culinaris) 35, 40-1 cals 24,93-5,97,130-1,182,193,196,235, Libya 117,120,128-35, 138;BirAyyad 135; 249,252-3,255-6,260,274,348,350-1,353, Bou Grain 128; Bouerat 128;Cyrenaica 122; 400,411;folk 198,353;herbal 7,232,274, Djosh 128;Haschian 130,137;Medenine 135; 341; vetinary 7 Nalut 128;Syfte 130;Tatahouine 135; Tiji Mediterranean basin or region 17,35,41,112,128, 128; Wishtata 128 130,139,177,180,182 lichen 218,219,227,270-1 climate or environment 11,40,117-8,120, lignans 404, 406; tignan catechol 407 121,125,127,132,217,225,267 limestone mountains 267,271,274 meeting place 8 linoleic seed 76-7,81 melon 16,185;juice 238; seed 238 linseed (Linum usitatissimum) 65 jelly melon (Cucumis metuliferus) 80, 238 lipids 293,380 marotse (Citru/lus lanatus), for man and stock lithography, use of gum for 348 237-8; mmamonwaana, for man 237;mokatse, litter, forest 243 for stock 237; narro or narra (Acanthosicyos livestock nut~ition, see food, animal ho"ida) 78-80; sesowane (Citru/lus lanatus), livestock production, animal husbandry or stock• edible seeds 238; tsamma or wild water melon, raising 93,95-7,109,143-58,117,261,263; for potable water 78,237-8 beef 148, 150, cattle 154, 156; dairy 150; mescal bacanora or dwarf sisal (Agave angustifoJia) domestic 4,7,243; llamas 107; sheep 154, 156 23; mescal (spirits) 23 Llanos, South America 155 Mesopotamia 16, 177, 192 locusts 17 mesquite (Prosopis spp.) 22, 210; honey mesquite luban 271-2 (Prosopis gJandulosa) 206, 209, 210 lucerne, see alfalfa gum, see gum, mesquite methane 253,385 macadamia (Macadamia spp.) 44 methanol (see also ethanol) 377 magic quarri, see motlhakola Mexico 8,19,23-30,35-6,45,47,129,163,172, mahua (Madhuca longifolia) 7 199,207,246,258,338,357,371,373,375, mme or corn (Zea mays) (see also cereals) 23,38,43, 377-8,380,399,400,403-4,407-9 96, 98, 224, 245, 248, 371; rootworm 28 Baja California 19,26,27,399,403,409-10; mala mujer (Cnidoscolus palmeri) 22,25 Cabo San Lucas 403; California, Gulf of 26, Malaysia 179, 185, 353 28,180;ChihuahuaState 27,399,41O;Chihua• mallow (Malva spp.) 89 huan Desert 24, 27, 207, 399-403; Colorado mangroves 179,185,271 River Delta 27,181;Durango 258; Kino Bay manketti or mongongo (Ricinodendron rautanenii) 24; Lago Texcoco 183; Madelan region 403; 80-1,238 Mexico City 183; Oaxaca 25; Onavas 23; mannose 352 Pinacate Desert 20, 30; Puebla 25; Sahuaripa manures, organic (see also fertilisers) 243 23; San Pedro Martir Mts. 403; Sierra Juarez marama bean, see bean, mararna 403; Sierra Madre Occidentale 29; Sonora margerine 81 24-6, 28-30;Sonoran Desert 19,21-7,29, margo sa, see neem 180,207,221,314,399,403-IO;Tamaulipas marketing 231; market research 232 23; Tehuacan Valley frontispiece, 25; Yucatan rnarotse melon, see melon, marotse 171 marula. sec morula micro-catchment 5 marula beer or liqueur 75-6 micro-environment 19 mastics, see resins micro-nutrients, see minerals, dietary General index 447 micro-catchment 5 mucilages (see also gums) 262, 359 micro-environment 19 mughur (Boswellia sacra) 271 micro-nutrients, see minerals, dietary mulching 205;leafmulch 243;binder 183 miJ'robiological standards, for natural gums 345 mulga (Acacia aneura) 55,64, 136, 153-4; (A. microcomputers (see also databases) 414,416, tenuissirna) 56; mulga apples 18 422-4; computer terminal 416,422; electronic multi-purpose trees or 182, 184-5, 246, mailbox 423; floppy discs 414,422-4; on-line 249-50,264 416; telephone modem 416,422; terminal Murashige and Skoog medium 334-40 passim, emulator 422; video disc 422; word processor 387-8 me 417 Murray's wattle (Acacia mu"ayana) 66 micropropagation 333-341; callus formation mutsintsila (Berchemia discolor) 239 334-41,387-8,392,394-6; clonal propagation myristic acid 253 396;in vitro propagation 333-41,396; tissue myrrh, from Commiphora spp. 271,352 culture 194,385,396; Middle East 1,36,117-39 passim, 181-2,197-8 NAA (napthaleneacetic acid) 334-40 passim milkweed bugs 403 nabaq, fruit of Ziziphus spina-christi 273 millet (see also cereals) 38,42,96,98,245,248 Namibia 69, 239; Namib Desert 13,77 Australian native (Panicum australiense) 60; native orange (Capparis lasiantha) 57 common or proso (Panicum miliaceum) 39; native pomegranate (Capparis umbonata) 57 fmger (Eleusine coracana) 39, 46; foxtail or natural gums, see gums, natural italian (Setaria italica) 38; kodo (Paspalum scro• naval stores 358, 362 biculatum) 39; little (Panicum antidotale) 39; Near East 117-139 passim, 193 pearl or bajra (Pennisetum glaucum) 35, 38,42, necklaces, date 193 245 neem or margosa (Azadirachta indica) 252-4; fruit mine tailings 180 pulp 253;gum from 354; oil 253; seed cake minerals, dietary (livestock): calcium 294-7; mag• 253 nesium 294-7; nitrogen 294-7; phosphorus Neolithic 89,91 146, 155, 269, 294-7; potassium 269,294-7; Nepal 41, 45-6, 369 sodium 146; sulphur 146; deficiencies 146 New Guinea 185 minerals, dietary (man) 67,76-7,84,109,113 New World 19,21,26,45,164,180-1,198,303, trace elements 65,68; calcium 55-64,66-8, 309,315,317 71-3,76-7,79-83,234,236-7,247; copper New Zealand 121, 131; Ministry of Foreign Affairs 55-64,66-8,71-3,77-8,234,236-7; iron 28, 174 55-64,67-8,71-3,76,78-81,83,193,234, Niger, Republic of 3, 304; Bilma 324-7; N'Guigmi 236-7,247-8; magnesium 55-64,67,71-3, 324-7; Tahoua 324-7 77-82,234,236-7;phosphorus 71-3,78-9, Niger River 12, 16 82,234,236-7;potassium 55-64,67,71-3, Nigeria 156,304,309; Kaduna 156; Lake Kainji 76-8,80-2, 193,234,236-7; sodium 24, 12; South Chad Irrigation Scheme 14 55-64,67,71-3,76,180,234,236-7;zinc Nile River Valley 11, 14, 15,87-8,90-1, 177 55-64,67-8,71-3,78,234,236-7 nimt (Sageretia spicijlora) 273 minerals, plant, sodium ions 225; chloride ions 49, nitrate, exploitation 108 225, 227 nitwgen fertilizer, see fertilizers, nitrogen mint (Mentha spp,) 274 nitrogen-fixation 98, 110,215-27,249,299; nitro- Miocene 13 gen cycle 224; deficiency 223; nitrogenase 215, mistletoe (Amyerna spp.) 56,66-7 225 mmilo (Vangueria infausta) 235-6 nitrogen-fixing root nodules 110,217,221,225-6; modhephenepoxides 360 actinorhizas 220; coralloid 217; legume 220-3; moisture or water (plant, content of), see also dry haemoglobin 225; rhizobium 249; symbiotic matter 54-63,71-3,234,236-7 roots 219 moisture stress, see water stress nitrogen-free extracts 285 mole pip ian 27 nordihydroguiaretic acid 364,404, 406-7 mongongo, see manketti North Yemen 117 mopane (Colophospermum mopane) 239 nut bush (Stylobasium spathalatum) 62 Morocco 35,117-35 passim, 171,340,369; High nu t grass, bush onion or onion grass (Cyperus spp.) Atlas 131; Midelt 119;Tarfaya 132 58,67 morula or marula (Sc/erocarya caffra) 75, 233-5; nutritional values or content 69-74, 231 beer 234 mosquitoes 17 oak forest (Quercus spp.) 130 motlhakola (Euclea divinorum) 239 oases 107,112,193,199,200 motsotsojane (Grewia retinervis) 236 ocean currents 11 mountains, semi arid 120 Oceana 200 Mozambique 234 odours, suppressors 24 448 General index

oil, vegetable 19,76,182,193,195,198,259,289, oriental lacquers from Rhus spp. 352-3 341,357-8,374,380;cake 81;crop 374-5; ornamental trees or shrubs (see also amenity planting) edible oil 25,132,253,273,341; illuminant 132-4, 136, 191, 198-200,336; ornamentals 260,341; lubricant 46; non drying 235; non• 28,44,81,183-4,246 edible 182,249; seeds 26-7,46,64,78,81, ortiguilla (Cnidoscolus maculatus, C. palmeri) 25-6 185,245,344; unsaturated 404 overgrazing (see also grazing, pressure) 12, 96, 156, oil, fossil, see crude oil 203,208,244-5,286 oil-drilling, use of gum for 344 oilseed rape (Brassica napus) 173 Pacific Ocean 11,103, 287; coast 103,107,358, Old World 164,180-1,193-4,303,309,315 408 oleicacid 76-7,81 Pakistan 15,35,98,117,121-2,133-4,171,178, oleoresins 251-2, 352 183, 194, 351; Indus Valley 177; Northwest olibanum, see frankincense Frontier Province 171; Punjab 171; Sind 171 tree (Olea europaea) 16, 51, 133 Palaeolithic 91; Lower 87-8; Middle 88; Terminal Oman, Sultanate of 117,131,164,172,267-74, or Upper 88, 90 336; Batinah coastal plain 268; Desert of Oman palatibility 287, 293 268; Dhofar 267-73 passim; Jabal Akhdar palm alcohol 194;- butter 194;- heart 76,192-3, 268,274 195,198,200;- oil 253;- spirits 193,196;• onion (Allium spp_) 73, 89, 323-5, 327 sugar 193,197;- tarah water 193;- toddy 196; opium poppyseed, amaranth substitute for 247 -vegetable ivory, buttons, trinkets 198; - wine organizations, institutions, etc_; Botanical Research 193, 197-8 Institute, Pretoria 69,420,421; CGIAR 35; palmitic acid 77 CIAT 155;CIMMYT 36;CORFO 112-3; palms 22,94, 189-200; Borassoid 190; Coryphoid CSIRO, Australia 150;CSIRO, South Africa 69; 190; Phoenicoid 190 Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur 4; African fan (Borassus aethiopum) 197; argoun Central Drugs Research Institute, Lucknow 251; or argun (Medemiaargun) 191,199, 200; Cali• Chilean Institute Forestal 109; Cornell University fornian fan (Washingtonia jilitera) 191, 199; Vegetable Crops Department 46; EEC 345; carnauba wax (Copernica prunitera) 191, 195- EEC Scientific Council lor Food 350; FAO I, 6; Central Australian cabbage (Livistona mariae) 112,194,197; FAO Forestry Department 100; 191, 199-200; Chinese fan (Livistona chinensis) FAOjWHO 345; F AO Expert Committee on 200;date(Phoenixdactylitera) 181,191-5, Foodstuffs Additives 35:J; Green Deserts 4; 197,199; doum, dum or gingerbread (Hyphaene Har Gilo Field Study Center, Jerusalem 413; thebaica) 191, 197-9;guriri (AlJagoptera Hebrew University of Jerusalem 419,421; IBRA arenariJZ) 190; lontar (Borassus sandaicus) 197; 165,173-4,413,418,424;IBPGR 139,413; Mexican or Texas palmetto (Sabal mexicana) ICARDA 35-8,40-1;ICRAF 418;ICRISAT 198; nipa (Nypa fruticans) 185; ornamental 35,38-41;IITA 309;INGAR 350;IUCN 421, 191, 198-200; palmyra (Borassus [label/iter) 424; Israel Plant Information Center 413; Insti• 191, 196-7; vegetable ivory or fan (Hyphaene tute for Applied Research, Israel 183; Inter• ventricosa) 76 national Commission for Bee Botany 165; Inter• palo verde, Mexican (Parkinsonia spp.) 22, 210 national Development Research Center, Ottawa Panama 339 165; International Union of Biological Sciences paper manufacture 249-50,255-6,262,341, 165; Jornada Experimental Station, New Mexico 353-4,374; sizings 255-6,362 206; Monkswood Biological Research Centre 241; papyrus (C)lperus papyrus) 231,240 Natal Parks Board 238; National Botanical rarchment 240 Research Institute, Lucknow 258; National paraffin wax, see wax Food Research Institute, Pretoria 69; Northern Paraguay 336, 338 Territ"ry Department of Health 299; Organic parquet floors, see building materials Gardening & Farming Research Center, Pennsy~ pastures or sward 95, 120, 122, 128, 144-58 passim, vania, USA 46;OXFAM 1-6; Oxford Commit• 245,280; improved 205; lays 156; legume 146, tee for Famine Relief 2; Palm & Dates Research 148,150-1,155-7 Centre, Baghdad 194; Queensland Deparment of peaches (Prunus persica) 16 Primary Industries 150; USDA Beltsville, Mary• peanut or groundnut (Arachis hypogea) 35,42-3, 82 land 418; USDA Research Laboratory, Peoria, pears (Pyrus communis) 164 Illinois 374; USDA Soil Conservation Service peas (Pisum sativum) 30, 66 183; US National Academy of Sciences 8; pencil yam or maloga bean (Vigna /anceo/ata) 63,68 Universidad de Tarapad, Chile 113; University Peoples Democratic Republic of Yemen or South of Arizona 181,357; 365; University of Birming• Yemen 98,117,267 ham 419; University of California at Riverside peppers, hot (Capsicum spp.) 248 400; University of Reading 419; University of perfume (see also cosmetics) 272; use of resins in Southampton 419; University of York 419; 352 World Bank 3 Persian Gulf 13 3, 134 General index 449

Peru 11,106-7,177,335,338-9,354,371 Pudoc Press 377; SEPASAT Newsletter 2,170; pests, rodents 245; pesticides (see also insecticides) World survey of honey sources 163, 165 7, 249,411; pest resistance 30,44, 303, 365 pulp wood 249,250,256,262 petroleum-based chemicals 253,257,357,399 pulses see legume seeds pharmaceuticals, see medicines phenols 357; phenolic acids 360; phenolics 357, Qatar 117 399,404 quandong (Santalum acuminatum) 61, 65 Philippines 185 Quaternary, Late 14, 15; Quaternary sediments 13 phosphate fertilizers, see fertilizers quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) 107 photosynthesis 210, 281 phytochemicals, see biochemicals raaptol (Cyanella hyacinthoides) 83 phytohaemagglutins 306, 311, 315 raddish (Rhaphanus sativus) 89 pie de nino, see gallitos rafters, see building materials pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) 35,41-2 rain use efficiency, RUE (see also water use pigweed or purslane (Portulaca oleracea) 61 efficiency) 124-8,134,137 pine forests 122, 131 raspberries (Rubus spp.) 29 pinyon-juniper (Pinus edulis-Juniperus osteosperma) reafforestation or afforestation (see also deforesta• 208 tion and forestry) 4,112-4,134,166,249,261, pistachio (Pistachio vera) 44, 51 299 plant resources, products (see also phytochemicals) reclamation, see land reclamation 231 red berry (Maireona villosa) 60 plectranthus (Rabdosia rugosa) 165 red gherkin (Coccinia sessili/olia) 79 Pleistocene 14; Late 87-8,90 Red Sea 179 ploughing, see cultivation rehabilitation, see land reclamation plum (Prunus domestica) 164 relative humidity 19, 104, 108, 110,324,326 pochote (Ceiba spp.) frontispiece 25 religious ceremonies, use of resins in 352, 353 polyethylene glycol (PEG) 387-8,393-4 relish 235 polymer industries 362 reseeding (see also revegetation) 123,261,286 polyphenols 357,373-4 reservoirs, see dams polysaccharides, water-soluble gum 317,343, resin production 362-3 346-55 passim resins (see also oleoresins) 93-4,97,271, 273, 352- polyunsaturated acids 27 3,357-66,373,375,377,400-1,403-5; porridge 235,237,247 medicinal 352; varnish 352,353,362; water• Portugal 126, 353 insoluble, terpenoid 343 posts, see building materials revegetation, recolonization (see also reseeding) pot herb, see relish 122-3,183,200,206-7,293,299,370 potato (Solanum tuberosum) 26, 70, 73, 76, 82-3 rhizobium, see nitrogen fixing root nodules prickly pears (Opuntia spp.) 29 rice (Oryza sativa) 39,64,245,248,371 printing inks, use of gum for 348, 362 rock onion (Babiana dregei) 83 prokaryotes, see also eukaryotes 215 rodent pests, see pests, rodents propylene 374 Romania 171 protein 19,26-7,30,43-4,46,54-68,71-3, root nodules see nitrogen fixing root nodules 76-8,81-2,107,109,133,146,153,163,181, roots, symbiotic see nitrogen fixing root nodules 193,215-7,234,236-7,246-8,298,303, rope, see cordage 340,374,380,400; crude 130, 132, 144, 236, rosins 362;gum 362;resinates 362 269, 271, 285; deficiency 155 rotational cropping, see crop growing psammophytes 125,129,132 rotational grazing, see grazing pseudo-xerophytes, see xerophytes rubber 8,26,257-9,372-5,377,379, pseudoguaianolides 400 399-411;gutta 374-5; industries 362; psyllium (Plantago ovata) 255 oligomers 399; polyisoprene 379; polymers publications (see also scientific journals) 99-100; 399; tree (Hevea brasiliensis) 372 Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia 251,253;Biomass rushes (Juncus spp.) 181 377;BiomassAbstracts 377;Bothalia 69; Russian olive (Eleagnus angusti/olia) 130 Critias, Plato's 163; Directory of important rye (see also cereals) (Secale cereale) 37 world honey resources 174; Economic Botany 377; Forest food and fruit trees 100; Sa plant (Vigna lobati/olia) 82 Forestry in arid and semi·arid zones 100; Index Sahara 11,14,117,122-3,134,164,197,206; Kewensis 417; International bio-energy directory Saharo·Arabia deserts 10 & handbook 377; Lesser known multipurpose Sahel 5,11,35,38, 204; drought 11,44,344 tree 100; Management systems for natural salad vegetables or salads 16, 182; salad dressing, use woody vegetation in arid and semi-arid areas for of gum for 351 energy production 100; Medicinal plants 100; salem (AcaCia ehrenbergiana) 269,271 450 General index

saline environment of lands 170,180,220; saline silver buttonwood (Conocarpus erecrus) 184 marshes 182; saline soils, see soil types silvi-agri-pastoral system, see agriculture salinization 16, 177-8, 185; biological desalini• Sinai 13 zation 182;reclamation 118 sleepers, see building materials salt bush, fourwing (Atriplex canescens) 207,385 slipper spurge (Pedilanthus spp.) 408 salt crust 103; - depressions (salares) 104; - deserts smooth crotalaria (Crotalaria pallidal 205 250;- flats 178; salt, saline or brackish water soap 181,253,260,341,362 16, 105, 138, 183-5,200,380 soil-amendment chemicals 374,375 salt tolerance (see also halophytes) 7,30,120,123- soil: capillary movement in 16; - conservation 96, 4,126-7,130-6,166-7,175,178,180,181, 118,133,203-11,261,287,290;- crusting 183-5,312,358,385,392, 396; salt avoiding 244; - degradation or deterioration 94, 154; species 282; stress 394 - erosion, see erosion, soil; - fertility 97, 156; samr (Acacia tortilis) 269,271 - humidity or moisture 11,19,36, JlO;- in- sand binding piants 118, 123, 133, 135 filtration rates 204,206,208; leaching of 95, sand-dune reclamation 223, 293; stabilization 4, 178; soil salinity, see salinization; - stabilization 245,249-50,268; seashore dune fixation 130, or protection 3,94-5, 155, 222, 262, 293-8; 135 - surface sealing 151; - transpiration 110 sandals 199 soil minerals: calcium 386; calcium chloride 104; sandalwood, see bush plum calcium sulphide 104; magnesium 386; magne• sandaracs, resin from (Callitris spp.) 352 sium chloride 104; magnesium sulphide 104; saponins 299,314,315,404,406 molybdenum 216; nitrate 226-7; nitrogen sarh (Maerua crassifolia) 269 226-7, 293, 386; phosphorus 286; potassium Saudi Arabia 117, 193-5, 267 386; potassium chloride 104; potassium sul• saxaoul, black (JiJloxylon ammodendron) 130; white phide 104; sodium carbonate 16; sodium (Haloxylon persicum) 129 chloride 16, 104; sodium sulphate 16; sodium Scandinavia 219, 353 sulphide 104 schistosomiasis 11 soil types: acid 45,122,131,155, 244;aJkaline 28, scientific journals 421-2 104,244,255,386;alluvial 29,291-2,294-7; sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum) 182 black cotton 98,256; brown earth 280; calcar• sedges (Carex spp.) 205 eous 122, 126-7, 136, 244, 291, - clay 123, seed antimetabolites 312-3,316-7 125-6;clay 14,39,125-6,129,144,150-1, seed bank 309,321-31;collecting 328;drying 153-4,254,291-2,194-7, craking - 148; clay• 327-30; longevity 322, 324,329; maturity loam 256; desert 28,281;dry 254,282; 326; 328; moisture 321-8; orthodox and recalcit• fertile 45,157;graveUy 39;gypsoferous 125, rant seeds 321-2;physiology 321-4;size 135-6; heavy 38, - clay 153; infertile 38; 322; seed storage 321-31, under anaerobic leached 244,253; light 38,46,153; loamy conditions 328-30; storage temperature 322-3, 39,130; medium textured 120,122,125; 328; structure 322; treatment 330; viability neutral 131, 244; poorly drained 197; red 321; 323, 326-31 earth 291-2,294-7;saline 3,28,43,47,121, seed beetles, see insect pests 129,138,223,255,261,280,282; saline clay Senegal 11, 12 J25;sandy 38,44,79,120-1,125,129,133, sengaparile, see grapple 135-7, 183, 254, 294-7, - alluvial 293, - clays shade (see also shelter) 154,166,182,193,220,250, 291-2, -loam alluvial 138, - red earth 291; 261,264,293,338 siliceous 130; silty 130; stony 38,39,254; sheep 5,103,107,109,113-4,153,244,285,289- vertisols 120, - waterlogged 125; waterlogged 90,293; Australian Merino 113; Corriedale Jl3; 121,129,254; yellow earth 291 Early Maturing French Merino 113; Karakul 113; Solvay process 181 Kazak 113; lamb-skin breeds 286; Mongolian Somalia 4,44,131,418 280, 286; Romney Marsh 113; Suffolk Down sorghum or jowar (Sorghum bicolor) (see also cereals) 113 35,38-40,42,96,245,248,371 browse, see browse, sheep; forage, see food, South Africa, Republic of 78,80,134,171,231, animals 235,239-40,338,340,371,377-8,422; shelter 246,338; shelterbelts 97-8,245,268; Cape Province 81,I71,CapeTown 78; Kalahari windbreaks 4,98, 130, 134, 166, 199,209,245, 44,340;Natal 12; Transvaal 12,235 250, 286, 293, 338 South Yemen, see Peoples Democratic Republic of shifting cultivation, see cultivation, shifting Yemen Shona people 77 soybean see beans, soya shua (Moringa peregrina) 273 Spain 125-6, 181, 380 shutters, see building materials speciality chemicals, sec biochemicals Sicily 131 sperm whale oil 7, 46, 257 sidaf (Pteropyrum scoparium) 269 spices see condiments sidr (Ziziphus spina-christi) 269,271, 273 spinach, see edible leaves General index 451

spirits, see alcohol, potable tiger (Panthera tigris) 245 squashes, see cucurbits tillage, minimal, see cultivation Sri Lanka 205, 373 timber or wood 43,94,97, 103, 107-9, 112, 134, stabilisers, use of gum for 346, 351 166,175,179,182,249-50,252,338,340 starches 19,46,54,193,195,197,346,349 tishaq (Euphorbia balsamifera) 273 stearic acid 77 tissue culture, see micropropagation steroids 24,251,360,399,400; sterols 374 iiy;; (Ceratonia oreothauma) 271 stock feed, see food, animal tobacco products, use of gum 352 stock raising, see livestock production tomatillo (Lycium fremontii) 28 stocking rates, see grazing tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) 178,185,247 straw 40 tool handles 7, 109 stylo (StylOlJlJnthes hamata) 208 toothache 235 sub-humid bioclimate 118, 120, 125, 131 toothbrush 253 sub-humid and humid land or zone 117, 123, 128 top-feed. see browse succulents 94 tourism 16 Sudan Republic 4,14,35,97-8,194,340,344, Townsville stylo (Stylosanthes humilis) 148 347,349,369;BlueNile 14;Gezira 14,16;Lake toxicological testing 345 Nubia 12, 15; Nubian Desert 199; Port Sudan trace elements, see minerals, dietary (man) 347,348 trampling, by livestock 208, 284 Sudan zone II tread-softly (Cnidoscolus stimulosus) 26 sugars 24,49,54, 132, 163, 193,225,380,400; tree medic or tree lucerne (Medicago arboreal 132 . fructose 19,167;glucose 167,374; sucrose 80, tri-glycerides 357 167;xylose 374 trigonels (Trigonella spp.) 127 sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) 178, 180 (Triticosecale spp.) 35,37-8 sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) 245, 344, 371 Tropic of Cancer 117 sughat (Anogeissus dhofarica) 2'59-71 tropical tallgrass 144,145 (map); 151 summer dormancy 121 trypsin inhibitors 306, 311, 315 sunflower (Helianthus maximiliani) 209 tube wells, see drainage super xerophytes, see xerophytes Tunisia 117 -138 passim; Batna 126; Cherichera superphosphates, see fertilizers 124; Dehibat 128; Djosh 128; EI Borma 135; sward, see pastures Great Eastern Sand Sea 135; Kairouam 124; sweet potato (Ipomoea spp.) 59; wild potato Ksar-Tyr 131; Montarnaud 131; Oued Gaba (Ipomoea costata) 59,67 135; Remada 128; Sebeitla 124; Sidi Thabet Sweden 369 126; Sidi Toui 128; Thala 126; Tunis 121 sweetmeat balls 247 turf, see lawns swordbean (Callllvalia gladiata) 45 Turkey 35,40, 117, 119, 124,350; Anatolia 257; Syria 35,37,40,117, 119;Aleppo, ICARDA 35, Izmir, seedbank 421 37 turnip (Brassica IIIlpus) 73, 76, 79-80, 82-3 tussock grasslands 143, 153 tah vine (Boerhavia diffusa) 56 tall grasslands, Australia 143-52 passim UK or Great Britain, including England 81, 182, 370 tamarugo (Prosopis tama1Ugo) 103-115 umbrellas, palm 200 tannin 93-4, 179-80, 249, 274, 299,400 UN Conference on Desertification (UNCOD) 9 Tanzania 4, 369 underdeveloped, see developing countries tarweed (Flourensia cemua) 399,401-3 underground water, see water, underground tawi (Lupinus mutabilis) 43 United Arab Emirates 117 tea plantations 205 United States of America 1,8, 15, 16, 19, 20, 23-4, telecommunications 421,423-4; telex 423 28,39,46-7,114,121-4,172,177,180,183, temperate region or zone 20, 96 194-5,198-9,204-7,219,239,258,340,345, tequilla 23 351,353,357,365,369,370-3,375-8,380, terpenes: di- 357, acids 360; mono- 357,360,404; 385,396,400,404,407 sesqui- 357, esters 400,lactones 399; tri- 27, Alaska 358;Arizona 15,24,28,30,45,207, 357,379; terpenoids 357,360,362,364,400; 210-11,338,375,379,403; Big Lake 386-7, di- 360,364;mono- 360;tri- 404;tricyclic 362 389-91; Bonneville Lake 14; Brady 386-7, Tertiary 104,408 389-90,392;California 43,177-8,194-5,358, Test Article, for gums 348 373,379, 403;Centrai Valley 358;Chihuahuan textile industry 256, 354, 362; printing 352; sizing Desert (see also Mexico) 24,27, 207;Coachella (see also paper sizing) 256, writing material 197 Valley 117;Colorado Desert 199,221;Colorado thatch, palm 193,197-200 passim, 243 River 181;Dregon 14;EdwardsPlateau 386-7, thirst quenchers 54,67,78 392;EIPaso 386-7,389-91;Florida 26,184, thumor (Acacia senegal) 269, 271, 273 339,408; Gila River 378; Great Plains 13, 14, Tibet plateau 278 358; High Plains 386-7; Imperial Valley 177-8; 452 General index

Unites States of America (eontd.) water lilies (Nymphaea spp.) 89 Indio 195; Lahontan Lake 14; Lubbock 386-7, waterlogging (see also flooding) 16,40,43,121-9 389-91; Nevada 14; New Mexico 206,209, passim, 177,182 338,399,403; North Coast Range 358; Oregon wattles (Acacia spp.) 64, 130; golden (Acacia pyc• 14; Sacramento Valley 177; San Joaquin Valley nantha) 136 177; Santa Rita Experimental Range 210-11; waxes 46-7,290,357,359,399,400,410; candelil• Sierra Nevada 358;Sonoran Desert (see also la 41O;carnauba 195-6;paraffin 360; wax Mexico) 403; South Dakota 208; Texas 10,15, esters 404-8 27,171,198,338,340,377,385-6,393,399; West Indies 184,339,373 Trans Pecos 386-7; Utah 208 Western Hemisphere 21, 27 Upper Volta 5 wheat (Triticum spp.) (see also cereals) 37,48,64, urea 215-6; urea hydrolysis 215; urease 215-6; 178, 181, 185, 193, 245, 248, 371; bread (T. ureides 227 aestivum) 35-6, 246, Mexipak 36; (T. Uruguay 338 turgidum) 35-6; (T. dicoccum) 91; USSR or Russia 15,39,129, 133-4; Turkmenistan, winter 41 Kara Koum 129 wild cucumber see bush banana wild medlar, see mmilo varnish resins or varnishes, see resins wild orange (Capparis mitche/lil) 57 vegetables 185,312 wild oregano (Lippia palmeri) 24 Venezuela 335,339 wild rhubarb (Rumex hymenosepa/us) 210 vetch (Vicia spp.) 127 windbreak, see shelter vines (Vitis spp.) 16,29,51,133 witchetty bush (Acacia kempeana) 55, 64 viscosifiers, use of gum for 346 wolfberry (Lycium spp.) 22; desert (L. fremontii) vitamins 167 28 vitamin A 24,109,248; carotene 236,246-7 wood, see timber vitamin B, folic acid 247-8; nicotinic acid woodwork, see carpentry 71-3, 76-80,82-4, 234, 236-7; riboflavin 24,71-3,76,81,234, ':36,238; thiamin 56- xerophytes 27,94, 189,287,358,364; extra• 65,67-8,71-3,76-8,30,82,234,236-7 xerophytes 277,281-2; pseudo-xerophytes vitamin C 24,28,55-68,71-3,75,77-80, 277,282-3;super-xerophytes 277,280-1; 83-4,234,236-7,247-8,250; ascorbic acid true xerophytes 277-80 298 yam (Dioscorea spp.) 66 warty peppercress (Lepidium papillosum) 60 yam bean (Pachyrhizus erosus) 26 water 243;· availability 217;· conservation 203- ye'eb or yicib (Cordeauxia edulis) 44 11; . deficit 216; -harvesting 5, 209; - purifiers yeast, eukaryotic 407-8 7; saline or brackish, see salt, Sil bterranean or yellow monkey orange (Strychnos coccu/oides) 83 underground 104-5,189; water stress 49-50, 127,132,210,222,394; water table 15,197, za'atar (Origanum spp.) 274 218,222; water use efficiency (see also rain use Zaire 351 efficiency) 23,31,40,210,226 Zapoto del diablo, see gallitos water content of plant, see moisture Zimbabwe 77, 370 (MAB Technical otes 7, UNESCO 1977).

EUROPE

I Balearic Islands / Crete " France " -'-- -- Greece " Italy " Portugal " Sardinia I • • ' I " Sicily I

I /.... ______Spain .1." I I

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India- Qatar I Iran Saudi Arabia I , , ~ Iraq Sri Lanka '1-. Israel Syria I , I Jordan· Turkey Kuwait United Arab Emirates Lebanon ~ U.S.S.R. Mongolia Kazakhstan Oman Turkmenistan , Pakistan· UZbekistan Yemen , : f ; / / - - - --.------~/-~ -- - -/~ lory Islands " " Ie Verde Islands ,' / Semi-arid 1agoscar / / , I , I I I Arid --1--: --/-' -- ;~/ ' I , I' ~/ Hyper-arid , I I' , /' ~' ,/ ", ' ,,,," / 1" Some areas are too small to be shown on the map. • ..,# -Ii' I-.,. ".