DOCSLIB.ORG

A Cultural Resource Data Model for World Heritage Sites

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Cultural Resource Data Model for World Heritage Sites A Cultural Resource Data Model for World Heritage Sites John Knoerl CRGIS Facility Heritage Documentation Programs National Park Service 26th Annual ESRI Users Conference August 8, 2006 Paper 2273 CRGIS Facility GPS Surveys GIS/GPS Training GIS Applications GIS Analyses Historic Preservation Relies on Geospatial information to Make Decisions National Register Listing World Heritage Inscription Arbor Hill Historic District, Albany, NY Independence Hall, Philadelphia, PA Spatial Analyses is an important tool in historic preservation A Fragmented Battlefield Overlapping Fields of Fire Chalmette Battlefield, Chalmette, LA Ware Bottom, VA More than five million historic properties have been inventoried Paper Maps v. GIS Database Historic Properties Surveyed Areas Yet most historic properties are in paper files Currently there are no standards to create spatial data Agency A Agency B Historic districts with Historic districts without contributing properties contributing properties Standards are needed in these four areas 1) In the creation of spatial data 2) In linking spatial data to databases 3) In safeguarding sensitive information Earthworks 4) In creating feature level metadata There are Twenty World Heritage Sites in the U.S. Klu ane/Wrangel-St. Elia s/Gla cier Bay/ Tatshenshin i- Alsek NP an d Pr es Wate rton - Gla cier Intl Peace Pa rk Olympic NP Yellowstone NP Redwood NP Liberty NMon Independe nce NHP Statue o f Yosemi te NP / University of Virginia Cahokia Moun ds Monticello Hawaii Volcanoes NP Mesa Ve rde NP G Mammoth Cave NP ran d Pueb lo d e Taos Canyon NP Gr eat Smoky Chaco Culture NHP Mounta ins NP Car lsbad Caverns NP Everglades NP La Fortaleza / San Juan NHS A Geospatial Data Model was developed for World Heritage Sites That Incorporated the Draft Standards The Spatial Attribute, Link, and Descriptive Attribute Tables WHS_Main ok WHSites_pol Feature Class Ref Text, 20 Object_ID OID 1c. WHS_Name Text, 50 1e. Shape Geometry Property_code Coded Domain Culural_Resource_ Text GUID, 50 WHS_Link ok GUID Ref [Text, 20] Unique Inscribed_date Date Location_GUID Text GUID ID NComp Short Integer Survey_GUID Text GUID Assigned by 1f. Property (Hectares) Long Integer WHS_Name Text, 100 UNESCO 1f. Buffer Zone Long Integer Ref Text, 20 Cultural_Resources_GUID Text (Hectares) Bnd_type_pol Coded Domain GUID, 50 6a. Monitoring_program Yes/No Map_Method Coded Domain Location_GUID Text Source_Date Date Source Text, 100 GUID, 50 Date_Entry_date Date Source_date Date RefNum Text, 8 Source_datum Domain NHL_REFID Double NRIS Source_coord Domain PROPMAIN.REFNUM Component_ID Text, 15 Source_accu Text, 100 External Data_Entry_Date Date NHL Last_update Date NHL.REFID DBMS Restrict_status Domain 1f. Hectares Long Integer Notes Text, 200 Data_Entry_Date Date After Populating the Geodatabase, Tests were Conducted The more relationship classes the slower the processing time Problems Challenges with the Data •Out of date •Never updated •Expansion of park boundaries not considered •New values not incorporated •Inaccuracies •Incorrect UTM Zones •Variation in names and spelling of names •Acquisition of data •Maps were difficult to obtain Conclusions •Robust •Incorporated natural as well as cultural resources •Could handle single as well as multiple components •No problem with large or small resources •Flexible •World Heritage Sites •New Orleans Red Tag Survey •Civil War II Resurvey •Adaptable •Long standing preservation programs •Legacy data Contacts John J. Knoerl Deidre McCarthy Program Manager Architectural-historian CRGIS CRGIS HABS/HAER/HALS/CRGIS HABS/HAER/HALS/CRGIS National Park Service National Park Service Department of the Interior Department of the Interior 1849 C Street, N.W. (2270) 1849 C Street, N.W. (2270) Washington, D.C. 20240-0001 Washington, D.C. 20240-0001 Voice: 202.354.2140 Voice: 202.354.2141 Fax: 202.371.6473 Fax: 202.371.6473 [email protected] [email protected].
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Letter to Non-Agreement State Governors from Chairman Meserve Re
    June 6, 2002 The Honorable Tony Knowles Governor of Alaska P.O. Box 110001 Juneau, Alaska 99811 Dear Governor Knowles: I am writing on behalf of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) to inform you of actions which the NRC intends to take to enhance physical protection measures for the transportation of large quantities of radioactive material and spent nuclear fuel. I am requesting your cooperation and assistance in carrying out these actions. The Commission has directed the NRC staff to develop immediately effective Orders that impose additional physical protection measures on shipments of large quantities of radioactive material and spent nuclear fuel for transport by highway or rail. The Commission has concluded that these enhancements are necessary in the current threat environment. The content of the Orders will be modeled on the transportation advisories that NRC issued on November 8 and revised on December 13, 2001, which were provided to you through your State Liaison Officer. The NRC is taking this action pursuant to its authority under the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, to protect the common defense and security. Because this authority has not been relinquished to Agreement States, the-NRC will be issuing the Orders to both NRC licensees and to licensees of Agreement States who possess, receive, or ship large quantities of radioactive material. Orders will be issued to licensees who have shipped large quantities of radioactive material within the last two years or who intend to ship in the near term. In addition, we will communicate with other licensees not receiving an Order informing them to contact the NRC before shipping large quantities of radioactive materials.
    [Show full text]
  • Abstract Since 2016, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico Has Experienced a Period of Political Challenges Along with a Severe Economic Austerity
    Revista [IN]Genios, Vol. 7, Núm. 1, pp.1-16 (diciembre, 2020) ISSN#: 2374-2747 Universidad de Puerto Rico, Río Piedras © 2020, Copyright. Todos los derechos están reservados. ISLAND ARTSCAPE OF BANKRUPTCY: A NARRATIVE PHOTO-ESSAY OF SAN JUAN’S POLITICAL STREET ART OF RESISTANCE Medio: Fotografía Andrea D. Rivera Martínez Departamento de Psicología Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, UPR RP Recibido: 15/09/2020; Revisado: 16/11/2020; Aceptado: 29/11/2020 Abstract Since 2016, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico has experienced a period of political challenges along with a severe economic austerity. Given the unpromising projections, voices of resistance, anger, frustration, uncertainty, and hope are becoming increasingly visible on the island’s cities’ walls and spaces. Thus, based on the current situation of fiscal crisis, this visual essay narrates and documents the continuum of interpretations and opinions regarding the Puerto Rico Oversight, Management, and Economic Stability Act (PROMESA) inscribed in the urban fabric over the past five years from now. Keywords: street art, bankruptcy, fiscal crisis, austerity, Puerto Rico Resumen Desde el 2016, el Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico experimenta un período de desafíos políticos junto con una severa austeridad económica. Dadas las proyecciones, las voces de resistencia, ira, frustración, incertidumbre y esperanza son cada vez más visibles en las paredes y espacios de las ciudades de la isla. Por tanto, dada la situación actual de crisis fiscal, este ensayo visual narra y documenta el continuo de interpretaciones y opiniones sobre la Ley de Supervisión, Gestión y Estabilidad Económica de Puerto Rico (PROMESA) inscritas en el tejido urbano durante los últimos cinco años.
    [Show full text]
  • February 14, 2018 the Honorable Ricardo Rosselló Governor La
    February 14, 2018 The Honorable Ricardo Rosselló Governor La Fortaleza P.O. Box 9020082 San Juan, PR 00902-0082 Dear Governor Rosselló, I write as president of the American Statistical Association to respectfully urge you to keep Puerto Rico’s statistical agency, El Instituto de Estadísticas de Puerto Rico (Puerto Rico Institute of Statistics, PRIS), and its board of directors fully independent. I also draw your attention to the 2,800 individuals—and still growing—who have signed a petition with this same request.1 At this critical historical juncture, Puerto Rico needs accurate, objective, and timely statistics. Government statistics empower the economy, serve the health and welfare of citizens, improve governance, and inform decisions and policies in the public and private sectors, among many other vital functions. Government statistics are also fundamental to evidence-based policymaking, the engagement of which is on a rapid rise in local, state, and federal governments. To address the challenges posed by its decade-long economic recession and the devastation of back-to-back hurricanes, Puerto Rico must chart its path toward sustainable recovery using reputable and reliable data and statistical methods. Because of their broad and profound importance, it is imperative that government statistics be produced through rigorous scientific processes and analyses performed by experts that can function without improper outside influence. Government statistics must be independent, objective, accurate, and timely and be perceived as such. It is just as important to have adequate statistics on a variety of topics. PRIS has demonstrated repeatedly it has the expertise to function independently to produce rigorous, objective, and accurate statistics for the benefit of Puerto Rico and its people.
    [Show full text]
  • World Heritage Sites in the United States
    World Heritage Sites in the United States Governor’s House, La Fortaleza and Red-footed booby, Morning Glory Pool, Statue of Liberty Grand Canyon National Park Black bear, Great Smoky San Juan National Historical Site Papahaˉnaumokuaˉkea Yellowstone National Park © MICHAEL BELL PIXABAY/SKEEZE Mountains National Park © HARVEY BARRISON © KRIS KRUG JEFF SULLIVAN PHOTOGRAPHY © MICHAEL LOYD 2 1 Kluane / Wrangell-St. Elias / Olympic National Park 3 Glacier Bay / Tatshenshini-Alsek vii • ix vii • viii • ix • x WASHINGTON - 1981 Waterton-Glacier ALASKA (US), CANADA - 1979 Features temperate rainforest, glaciers, International Peace Park Over 24 million acres of wild lands and peaks, alpine meadows, old-growth vii • ix waters are changed by glaciers and forest, and wilderness coastline. Critical Montana (US), Canada - 1995 volcanic activity. habitat for endangered species including World’s first international peace park. Rich www.nps.gov/glba, www.nps.gov/wrst northern spotted owl and bull trout. biodiversity and outstanding scenery with www.pc.gc.ca/en/pn-np/yt/kluane www.nps.gov/olym prairie, forest, alpine, and glacial features. www.env.gov.bc.ca/bcparks/explore © MIKE CRISS Grinnell Point www.nps.gov/glac © MIKE KOCH Old Faithful © MARK STEVENS www.pc.gc.ca/en/pn-np/ab/waterton/ © STEVE BOND 23 Yellowstone National Park vii • viii • ix • x Cahokia Mounds 4 WYOMING, MONTANA, State Historic Site IDAHO - 1978 PRESERVED FOR ALL HUMANITY iii • iv Renowned for geothermal features, ILLINOIS - 1982 Yellowstone has the world’s largest With over 1,100 properties, the World Heritage List This urban complex flourished 1000– concentration of geysers. Protects 1350 CE (Common Era).
    [Show full text]
  • National Historic Landmark Nomination Old San Juan
    NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK NOMINATION NPS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 OLD SAN JUAN HISTORIC DISTRICT/DISTRITO HISTÓRICO DEL VIEJO SAN JUAN Page 1 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 1. NAME OF PROPERTY Historic Name: Old San Juan Historic District/Distrito Histórico del Viejo San Juan Other Name/Site Number: Ciudad del Puerto Rico; San Juan de Puerto Rico; Viejo San Juan; Old San Juan; Ciudad Capital; Zona Histórica de San Juan; Casco Histórico de San Juan; Antiguo San Juan; San Juan Historic Zone 2. LOCATION Street & Number: Western corner of San Juan Islet. Roughly bounded by Not for publication: Calle de Norzagaray, Avenidas Muñoz Rivera and Ponce de León, Paseo de Covadonga and Calles J. A. Corretejer, Nilita Vientos Gastón, Recinto Sur, Calle de la Tanca and del Comercio. City/Town: San Juan Vicinity: State: Puerto Rico County: San Juan Code: 127 Zip Code: 00901 3. CLASSIFICATION Ownership of Property Category of Property Private: X Building(s): ___ Public-Local: X District: _X_ Public-State: X_ Site: ___ Public-Federal: _X_ Structure: ___ Object: ___ Number of Resources within Property Contributing Noncontributing 699 128 buildings 16 6 sites 39 0 structures 7 19 objects 798 119 Total Number of Contributing Resources Previously Listed in the National Register: 772 Name of Related Multiple Property Listing: NPS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form ((Rev. 8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 OLD SAN JUAN HISTORIC DISTRICT/DISTRITO HISTÓRICO DEL VIEJO SAN JUAN Page 2 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service National Register of Historic Plaaces Registration Form 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Identifying and Preserving Historic Bridges
    Appendix B—State Departments of Transportation Alabama Department of Transportation Florida Department of Transportation 1409 Coliseum Boulevard 605 Suwannee Street Montgomery, AL 36130 Tallahassee, FL 32399-0450 (334) 242-6311 (850) 488-8541 (334) 262-8041 (fax) (850) 277-3403 (fax) Alaska Department of Transportation & Public Facilities Georgia Department of Transportation 3132 Channel Drive 2 Capital Square Juneau, AK 99801-7898 Atlanta, GA 30334 (907) 465-3900 (404) 656-5206 (907) 586-8365 (fax) (404) 657-8389 (fax) Internet address: [email protected] Arizona Department of Transportation 206 S. 17th Avenue Hawaii Department of Transportation Phoenix, AZ 85007 869 Punchbowl Street (602) 255-7011 Honolulu, HI 96813-5097 (602) 256-7659 (fax) (808) 587-2150 (808) 587-2167 (fax) Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department State Highway Department Building Idaho Transportation Department P.O. Box 2261, 10324 Interstate 30 3311 W. State Street Little Rock, AR 72203 P.O. Box 7129 (501) 569-2000 Boise, ID 83707 (501) 569-2400 (fax) (208) 334-8000 (208) 334-3858 (fax) California Department of Transportation 1120 N Street Illinois Department of Transportation P.O. Box 942673 2300 S. Dirksen Parkway Sacramento, CA 94273-0001 Springfield, IL 62764 (916) 654-5266 (217) 782-5597 (217) 782-6828 (fax) Colorado Department of Transportation 4201 East Arkansas Avenue Indiana Department of Transportation Denver, CO 80222 Indiana Government Center North (303) 757-9201 100 North Senate Avenue (303) 757-9149 (fax) Indianapolis, IN 46204-2249 (317) 232-5533 Connecticut Department of Transportation (317) 232-0238 (fax) P.O. Box 317546 / 2800 Berlin Turnpike Newington, CT 06131-7546 Iowa Department of Transportation (860) 594-3000 800 Lincoln Way Ames, IA 50010 Delaware Department of Transportation (515) 239-1101 Bay Road, Route 113, P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • Douglas Lindamood (PDF)
    JAMES B. FEINMAN ATTORNEY AT LAW JA�IES 8. FEINJ\IAN,ATTORNEY 1003 CHURCH STREET. P.O. BOX 697 LYNCHBURG. VIRGINIA 24505 TELEPHONE (434) 846-7603 FAX (434) 846-0158 December 8, 2016 Office of the Administrator, 1101 A Environmental Protection Agency 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20460 Attorney General Jahna Lindemuth Attorney General Bruce R. Beemer Office of the Attorney General Office of the Attorney General 1031 W. 4th Avenue, Suite 200 1600 Strawberry Square Anchorage, AK 99501 Harrisburg, PA 17120 Attorney General Leslie Rutledge Attorney General Alan Wilson Office of the Attorney General Office of the Attorney General 323 Center Street, Suite 200 1000 Assembly Street, Room 519 Little Rock, AR 72201 Columbia, SC 29201 Attorney General Kamala D. Harris Attorney General Marty J. Jackley Office of the Attorney General Office of the Attorney General 1300 I Street, Suite 17 40 1302 East Highway 14, Suite 1 Sacramento, CA 95814 Pierre, SD 57501 Attorney General Cynthia H. Coffman Attorney General Herbert H. Slatery, Ill Office of the Attorney General Office of the Attorney General Ralph L. Carr Colorado Judicial Center 425 5th Avenue North 1300 Broadway, 1 oth Floor Nashville, TN 37243 Denver, CO 80203 Attorney General Pam Bondi Attorney General Ken Paxton Office if the Attorney General Office of the Attorney General The Capitol, PL 01 300 W. 15th Street Tallahassee, FL 32399 Austin, TX 78701 Attorney General Lawrence Wasden Attorney General Sean Reyes Office of the Attorney General Office of the Attorney General 700 W. Jefferson Street, Suite 210 350 North State Street, Suite 230 Boise, ID 83720 Salt Lake City, UT 84114 {2821 / 000} Attorney General Greg Zoeller Attorney General William H.
    [Show full text]
  • 1. World Heritage Property Data 2. Statement of Outstanding Universal
    Periodic Report - Second Cycle Section II-La Fortaleza and San Juan National Historic Site in Puerto Rico 1. World Heritage Property Data manager is: Harold González, Administrator Calle Fortaleza #63 PO Box 9020082 San Juan PR 00902-0082 1.1 - Name of World Heritage Property La Fortaleza and San Juan National Historic Site in Puerto 1.7 - Web Address of the Property (if existing) Rico 1. View photos from OUR PLACE the World Heritage collection 1.2 - World Heritage Property Details 2. San Juan National Historic Site (U.S. World Heritage) State(s) Party(ies) 3. San Juan National Historic Site (U.S. National Park United States of America Service) Type of Property 4. World Heritage in the United States cultural Comment Identification Number Link #1 does not have information about the World Heritage 266 Site. Link #2 is not available anymore. Year of inscription on the World Heritage List 1983 1.8 - Other designations / Conventions under which the property is protected (if applicable) 1.3 - Geographic Information Table Comment Designated a National Historic Site in 1949. La Fortaleza is a Name Coordinates Property Buffer Total Inscription (longitude / (ha) zone (ha) year National Historic Landmark since 1960. La Fortaleza and San latitude) (ha) Juan National Historic Site were included in 2013 in the San Cristóbal, El 18.467 / -66.125 ? ? 0 National Historic Landmark designation of the Old San Juan Morro and La Historic District. Fortaleza , Puerto Rico Fort El Cañuelo, 18.464 / -66.137 ? ? 0 2. Statement of Outstanding Universal Value Isla de Cabras , Puerto Rico 2.1 - Statement of Outstanding Universal Value / Total (ha) 0 Statement of Significance Comment San Cristóbal, El Morro and La Fortaleza , Puerto Rico Statement of Significance Property: 31.05 ha Fort El Cañuelo, Isla de Cabras , Puerto The main elements of the massive fortification of San Juan are Rico: 1.38 ha Total for World Heritage Site: 32.43 Ha No La Fortaleza, the three forts of San Felipe del Morro, San change is being proposed to the current inscription.
    [Show full text]
  • Extensions of Remarks E2213 EXTENSIONS of REMARKS
    October 16, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Ð Extensions of Remarks E2213 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS H.R. 901, THE AMERICAN LAND tive dating of southwestern U.S. sites. This span of time and within a cultural area of SOVEREIGNTY PROTECTION ACT classification is the cornerstone of the un- the world, on developments in town-plan- derstanding of Southwestern archaeology. In ning; and (iii) bears a unique testimony to a addition to the archaeology at Pecos, there civilization which has disappeared. HON. DON YOUNG are the foundations of a Spanish mission, the Mound City Group National Monument, OF ALASKA ruins of an 18th-century church, and numer- Ohio (39 deg.25' N.; 83 deg.1' W.). Twenty- three burial mounds of Hopewell Indians (200 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ous Pueblo Indian structural remains, in- cluding restored kivas. Criteria: (iii) Bears a B.C.±A.D. 500) have yielded vast quantities of Friday, October 16, 1998 unique testimony to a civilization which has artifacts that give insights into the ceremo- nial customs of the Hopewell people. Cri- Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. Mr. Speaker, I rise disappeared. Developed Agriculture teria: (iii) Bears a unique testimony to a civ- to once again address the issue of inter- ilization which has disappeared. Moundville Site, Alabama (33 deg. 0' N.; 87 national land reserves, particularly World Her- Archaic/Paleo-Indian itage Sites. I find it necessary to emphasize, deg. 40' W.). This is probably the site de- scribed by De Soto in his Mississippian expe- Cape Krusenstern Archaeological District, for the benefit of those who continue to claim dition.
    [Show full text]
  • National Hispanic Heritage Week” of the William J
    The original documents are located in Box 35, folder “National Hispanic Heritage Week” of the William J. Baroody Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Copyright Notice The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Gerald R. Ford donated to the United States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections. Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Digitized from Box 35 of the William J. Baroody Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library National Hispanic Heritage Week, 1974 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation . Our country's Hispanic heritage reaches back more than four cen­ turies. When the Pilgrim Fathers landed at Plymouth Rock, Hispanic civilization was already flourishing in what is now Florida and New Mexico. Since then the Hispanic contribution to America has been a consistent and vital influence in our country's cultural growth. More than ten million Americans of Hispanic origin today contribute to our national diversity, enriching the quality of American life in the arts, the sciences, sports, religion and the small but important things of everyday living. NOW, THEREFORE, I, Gerald R.
    [Show full text]
  • U.S. Mexico Water Resources: the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo Example
    U.S. Mexico Water Resources: The Rio Grande/Rio Bravo example 12 Great Rivers of North America: The Rio Grande is the fourth-longest river in North America (1,885 miles, 3,034 km). It begins in the San Juan Mountains of southern Colorado, then flows south through New Mexico. It forms the natural border between Texas and Mexico as it flows southeast to the Gulf of Mexico. In Mexico it is known as Rio Bravo del Norte. http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/nariv.htm Rio Grande: One river or two? • Shared between two nations • Has two names • Basin did not become integrated (the entire river system did not connect) until recently (a few hundred thousand years ago) • Today the river again does not flow uninterrupted to the sea • Upper Rio Grande and Lower Rio Grande/Rio Bravo • Should be renamed Rio Poco or Rio Importante? Topics to be discussed • Human History • Geologic Evolution and Hydrology of the Upper Rio Grande • Water Resources in the 21st Century: The Challenges facing the Lower Rio Grande History to 1850 A.D. World Heritage Sites in the U.S. http://whc.unesco.org/heritage.htm *Mesa Verde (SW Colorado; 6th to 12th Century Anasazi ruins) Yellowstone Grand Canyon National Park Everglades National Park Independence Hall Redwood National Park Mammoth Cave National Park Olympic National Park *Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site (NE of St. Louis;9th-15th century) Great Smoky Mountains National Park La Fortaleza & San Juan Historic Site Puerto Rico Statue of Liberty Yosemite National Park Monticello and University of Virginia in Charlottesville *Chaco Culture National Historic Park (NW New Mexico; 850-1250 A.D.) Hawaii Volcanoes National Park *Pueblo de Taos Carlsbad Caverns National Park (N.
    [Show full text]
  • Oe-2021-058 Executive Order Of
    CERTIFIED TRANSLATION GOVERNMENT OF PUERTO RICO LA FORTALEZA SAN JUAN, PUERTO RICO Administrative Bulletin Number: OE-2021-058 EXECUTIVE ORDER OF THE GOVERNOR OF PUERTO RICO, HON. PEDRO R. PIERLUISI, TO DIRECT EVERY PUBLIC AGENCY TO REQUIRE THEIR EMPLOYEES TO RECEIVE A COVID-19 VACCINE IN ORDER TO WORK IN PERSON, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES RELATED TO SAFEGUARDING THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND SAFETY. WHEREAS: Since the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 a pandemic, the whole world is in a constant battle to control and eradicate the virus. Puerto Rico is no exception. Since March 12, 2020—after the first cases were reported on the island— we are in a state of emergency to address this pandemic. From said date on, various executive orders were issued for the purpose of implementing certain restrictive measures aimed at controlling COVID-19 infections on the island. These measures were effective, thus leading to their subsequent elimination—in early July of this year—and the delegation to the Secretary of the Department of Health of the authority to issue the pertinent guidelines. WHEREAS: Despite the reduction in infections experienced in the last few months, contagion and the consequences thereof continue to raise concerns. To this date, over 194 million people have been infected worldwide and 4.6 million of them have died. In the United States of America, 34.4 million people have been infected and over 610,000 of them have died. Meanwhile, it has been reported that in Puerto Rico over 125,000 persons have been infected and over 2,500 of them have died.
    [Show full text]