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Māori Leadership: What Role Can Rugby Play?

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Māori Leadership: What Role Can Rugby Play? MĀORI LEADERSHIP: WHAT ROLE CAN RUGBY PLAY? A thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology (AUT), Auckland, New Zealand in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Business Patrick Rahiri Te Rito (BSR) January 23rd 2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................... I LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................... IV LIST OF APPENDICES ..............................................................................V ATTESTATION OF AUTHORSHIP............................................................ VI GLOSSARY OF TERMS........................................................................... VII ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................... XI DEDICATION........................................................................................XIII ABSTRACT ............................................................................................ XIV CHAPTER ONE - INTRODUCTION............................................................1 The Researcher........................................................................................2 Research Background ...............................................................................3 Research Rationale...................................................................................5 Research Objectives .................................................................................5 Thesis Structure.......................................................................................7 CHAPTER TWO - MĀORI CULTURE..........................................................9 Introduction...........................................................................................10 Māori ....................................................................................................10 Culture..................................................................................................13 Māori Culture.........................................................................................14 Māoritanga.........................................................................................14 Whenua .............................................................................................15 Whakapapa ........................................................................................16 Whānau, Hapū, Iwi .............................................................................17 Cultural Differences.............................................................................19 Roles and Responsibilities....................................................................20 Balance and Harmony/Reciprocity and Collectivism................................21 Tikanga Māori........................................................................................22 Māori Cultural Values..............................................................................23 Whānaungatanga................................................................................23 Mana .................................................................................................24 Tapu..................................................................................................24 Tuākana/Tēina ...................................................................................25 Summary...............................................................................................26 I CHAPTER THREE - SPORT AND RUGBY.................................................27 Introduction...........................................................................................28 Sport and Traditional Māori Society..........................................................28 Sport in the Modern Era..........................................................................31 Sport and New Zealand ..........................................................................31 Sport and Contemporary Māori Society ....................................................33 Rugby ...................................................................................................35 Rugby and New Zealand .........................................................................35 Rugby and Māori....................................................................................37 Summary...............................................................................................40 CHAPTER FOUR - LEADERSHIP .............................................................42 Introduction...........................................................................................43 Leadership Definitions ............................................................................44 Theories of Leadership ...........................................................................46 Trait Theory/Great Man Theory approach .............................................46 Leadership Behaviour approach............................................................47 Situational or Contingency approach.....................................................47 Transformational/Charismatic and Transactional Leadership ...................48 Leadership and New Zealand ..................................................................49 Traditional Māori Leadership ...................................................................51 Traditional Māori Leadership and Colonisation ..........................................56 Contemporary Māori Leadership ..............................................................59 Sports Leadership ..................................................................................62 Rugby Leadership ..................................................................................66 Rugby and Māori Leadership ...................................................................67 Māori Culture, Rugby, and Leadership......................................................70 CHAPTER FIVE - METHODOLOGY AND RESEARCH DESIGN.................73 Introduction...........................................................................................74 Qualitative Research...............................................................................74 Grounded Theory ...................................................................................75 Kaupapa Māori Research Methodology .....................................................76 Research Question .................................................................................78 Data Collection.......................................................................................78 Semi-Structured Interviews.....................................................................80 Development of Questions ......................................................................81 Procedures ............................................................................................83 Validity and Reliability.............................................................................86 Ethics....................................................................................................87 Summary...............................................................................................87 II CHAPTER SIX - FINDINGS AND RESULTS.............................................89 Introduction...........................................................................................90 Upbringing.............................................................................................90 Family Influences ...................................................................................93 Role Models...........................................................................................94 Leadership - the Role of a Leader ............................................................95 People named as Leaders .......................................................................97 Māori Leadership....................................................................................98 Traditional Māori leadership.................................................................98 Tuākana/tēina Relationships ................................................................99 Qualities of Māori leadership .............................................................. 100 Differences between Māori and Non-Māori styles of Leadership................ 101 Values and Skills .................................................................................. 103 Whānau ........................................................................................... 103 Responsibility/collective community.................................................... 104 Work ethic ....................................................................................... 105 Humour ........................................................................................... 105 Values/Skills influencing Careers ........................................................ 105 Contribution of Rugby........................................................................... 106 Rugby Values/skills ........................................................................... 106 People named as Rugby Leaders........................................................ 108 Māori Leaders within Rugby............................................................... 109 Leadership Development through Rugby ...............................................
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