April 2019, Issue 15 Message from Dean, FCAIT Quantum Computing Is Not a Replacement for the Binary Classical Computing That Has Become a Standard of Modern Life
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FACULTY OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY April 2019, Issue 15 Message From Dean, FCAIT Quantum computing is not a replacement for the binary classical computing that has become a standard of modern life. Quantum computers use quantum physics to emulate the physical world, they can solve problems that today’s computers will never have the power to tackle. The use of quantum computers has immediate applications in industries such as pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and energy. Algorithms Message From using quantum math can unlock value by vastly speeding up data- Dean, FCAIT intensive applications in such fields as search, cryptography, and machine learning. Prof. R. P. Soni In the future, hybrid systems consisting of classical computers that call on their quantum cousins will solve problems that are unmanageable today. Quantum computing may reach maturity over three generations spanning the next 25 years. Companies could be using early-generation machines to address practical business and R&D needs much sooner. In fact, there will be a potential quantum computing market of more than $50 billion developing by 2030. Realizing the potential, however, will be possible only when the technology can produce the number of “logical” qubits—the basis for quantum calculations—that critical applications require. IBM recently announced a 20-qubit quantum processor and a simulator that can emulate up to 49 qubits, only to be outdone by Google a few months later with its Bristlecone chip, a 72-qubit processor. Other big tech companies and research institutions, including Intel, Microsoft, MIT, Yale, and Oxford, are active in the field. Read more about the quantum computers in the articles contributed by students in this issue. ---R. P. Soni “Primary aim of quantum computing intelligence is to improve human freedom, dignity, equality, security, and total well-being.” With this thought, we would like to present our next edition of D-Kosmos which will show how quantum computing allows the computer technology to be smaller and faster in our day to day life. With superposition, we can encode an exponential amount of information that can scale a solution better than classical computing. We would also like to make a special mention of “Cyber Shadez-2019” based on “Robotic Process Automation” theme to learn beyond the textbooks. The current issue is presenting Chief Editor glimpses of culture festival- “SHADEZ”. It is a platform for students to showcase their talents, Prof. Tripti Dodiya creativity, imagination, leadership qualities, team spirit and fellowship. The issue holds descriptions of CSI, NSS, CWDC, ISR, Educational tours and other extra curricular activities Editors organised by the institute. Prof. Poonam Dang Prof. Bharti Shah We believe in forming a strong bond with our students. For that we had organised farewell Prof. Monica Gupta for third year students of BCA where they have enjoyed a lot, they recall there old college Prof. Garima Mishra memory, watch video and played some fun interaction games as well. We hope you like this edition of D-Kosmos. We would also request our readers to send in Designer their suggestions and feedback, if any, on [email protected]. Prof. Bharti Shah Wish you a happy reading!!!! Editorial Desk. Contents at a Glance Quantum Computing 3-4 Shadez & Cyber Shadez 6 Educational & Industrial Visits 5 Placement & Achievements 7 NSS & ISR, CWDC, Farewell 5 Faculty Corner & Media Bytes 8 From Students' Mind Quantum Computing Q System One We experience the benefits of classical computing every IBM Q, industry-first initiative to build commercial day. However, there are challenges that today’s systems universal quantum systems for business and science will never be able to solve. For problems above a certain applications. The company is leading the way in the size and complexity, we don’t have enough computational quantum space and is racing to be the first to power on Earth to tackle them. To stand a chance at develop a fully functional and commercially viable solving some of these problems, we need a new kind of quantum computer. The company announced that its computing which is Quantum Computing. first "commercial" quantum computer - Q System One. It is the key technology for future artificial intelligence. Universal quantum computers leverage the quantum "The IBM Q System One is a major step forward in mechanical phenomena of superposition and entanglement the commercialization of quantum computing," said to create states that scale exponentially with number of Arvind Krishna, senior vice president of Hybrid qubits, or quantum bits. Cloud and director of IBM Research. "This new system is critical in expanding quantum computing All computing systems rely on a fundamental ability to beyond the walls of the research lab as we work to store and manipulate information. Current computers develop practical quantum applications for business manipulate individual bits, which store information as binary 0 and 1 states. Quantum computers leverage and science." quantum mechanical phenomena to manipulate IBM Q systems are designed so that they can tackle information. To do this, they rely on quantum bits, or problems that are currently seen as too complex and qubits. exponential in nature for classical systems to handle. Qubit Future applications of quantum computing may A qubit is a quantum bit, the counterpart in quantum include finding new ways to model financial data computing to the binary digit or bit of classical and isolating key global risk factors to make better computing. Just as a bit is the basic unit of information investments, or finding the optimal path across in a classical computer, a qubit is the basic unit of global systems for ultra-efficient logistics and information in a quantum computer. optimizing fleet operations for deliveries. In a quantum computer, a number of elemental particles Designed by IBM scientists, systems engineers and such as electrons or photons can be used with either industrial designers, IBM Q System One has a their charge or polarization acting as a representation of 0 sophisticated, modular and compact design optimized and / or 1. Each of these particles is known as a qubit, for stability, reliability and continuous commercial the nature and behavior of these particles form the basis use. For the first time ever, IBM Q System One of quantum computing. enables universal approximate superconducting quantum computers to operate beyond the confines of the research lab. Much as classical computers combine multiple components into an integrated architecture optimized to work together, IBM is applying the same approach to quantum computing with the first integrated universal quantum computing system. IBM Q System One is comprised of a number of custom components that work together to serve as the most advanced cloud-based quantum computing What can quantum computers do that normal program available, including: ones can’t? Quantum computers operate on completely different • Quantum hardware designed stable and auto- principles to existing computers, which makes them really calibrated to give repeatable and predictable high- well suited to solving particular mathematical problems, like finding very large prime numbers. Since prime quality qubits. numbers are so important in cryptography, it’s likely that • Cryogenic engineering that delivers a continuous quantum computers would quickly be able to crack many cold and isolated quantum environment. of the systems that keep online information secure. • High precision electronics in compact form factors Because of these risks, researchers are already trying to to tightly control large numbers of qubits. develop technology that is resistant to quantum hacking, • Quantum firmware to manage the system health and on the flipside of that, it’s possible that quantum- and enable system upgrades without downtime for based cryptographic systems would be much more secure users. than their conventional analogues. • Classical computation to provide secure cloud access and hybrid execution of quantum algorithms. Riya Soni, iMSc-IT, Sem-4 3 Quantum annealing Companies Working On Quantum Rigetti is a name that often crops up in relation to D-Wave systems use a process called quantum quantum computing and has been praised for keeping annealing to search for solutions to a problem.In pace with much larger tech giants in the world of nature, physical systems tend to evolve toward their quantum.The firm has developed a hybrid quantum lowest energy state: objects slide down hills, hot computing platform that is currently in private beta and things cool down, and so on. This behavior also it combine the power of a quantum processor and a applies to quantum systems. To imagine this, think of classical processor. a traveler looking for the best solution by finding the lowest valley in the energy landscape that represents D-Wave is a smaller company that is making, ahem, the problem. waves in the realm of quantum.In late 2018, D-Wave launched “Leap”, the first real-time quantum Classical algorithms seek the lowest valley by placing application environment, providing remote access to a the traveler at some point in the landscape and live quantum computer. They've also directly partnered allowing that traveler to move based on local with Volkswagen on developing a traffic management variations. While it is generally most efficient to move system for taxis. downhill and avoid climbing hills that are too high, such classical algorithms are prone to leading the IonQ has created the most powerful quantum computer traveler into nearby valleys that may not be the global to date. It's slightly different from other quantum minimum. Numerous trials are typically required, with computers as it uses trapped ions for qubits. IonQ many travelers beginning their journeys from different describes it as 'storing information on individual atoms'. points. Google has partnered with NASA on the testing of a In contrast, quantum annealing begins with the quantum computer known as 'D-Wave Two', developed traveler simultaneously occupying many coordinates in partnership with D-Wave.