Office of Public Works Arterial Drainage Maintenance Works - Brosna Arterial Drainage Scheme

2019-2023

Stage 2: Natura Impact Statement

December 2018

Office of Public Works Templemungret House Mungret Co. Limerick

JBA Project Manager Tom Sampson 24 Grove Island Corbally Limerick Ireland Revision History Revision Ref / Date Issued Amendments Issued to V0.4 18 Dec 2018 Technical Review Niamh Burke (JBA) V1.0 19 Dec 2018 First issue to client Tony Brew (OPW)

Contract This report describes work commissioned by the Office of Public Works, by a letter dated 6 June 2018. The Office of Public Works’ representative for the contract was Tony Brew. Patricia Byrne, William Mulville and Hannah Mulcahy of JBA Consulting carried out this work.

Prepared by ...... Patricia Byrne BSc (Hons) PhD MCIEEM Ecologist

William Mulville BSc MSc Assistant Ecologist

Hannah Mulcahy BSc (Hons) MSc Assistant Ecologist

Tanya Slattery BSc MSc MSc (Res) Ecologist

Reviewed by ...... Niamh Burke BSc (Hons) PhD CEnv MCIEEM Senior Ecologist Purpose This document has been prepared as a Final Report for Office of Public Works. JBA Consulting accepts no responsibility or liability for any use that is made of this document other than by the Client for the purposes for which it was originally commissioned and prepared. JBA Consulting has no liability regarding the use of this report except to Office of Public Works. Copyright © JBA Consulting Ireland 2018 Carbon Footprint A printed copy of the main text in this document will result in a carbon footprint of 627g if 100% post- consumer recycled paper is used and 798g if primary-source paper is used. These figures assume the report is printed in black and white on A4 paper and in duplex. JBA is aiming to reduce its per capita carbon emissions.

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Contents

1 Introduction ...... 4 1.1 Background ...... 4 1.2 Legislative context ...... 4 1.3 Appropriate Assessment Process ...... 4 1.4 Methodology...... 5 2 Project Description ...... 10 2.1 Arterial Drainage Maintenance ...... 10 2.2 Drainage Maintenance Activities ...... 10 2.3 The Arterial Drainage Scheme ...... 16 2.4 Drainage Maintenance Works Proposed for the Brosna Arterial Drainage Scheme ...... 17 3 Screening Assessment Results ...... 18 4 Existing Environment ...... 32 4.1 General ...... 32 4.2 Ecology - Overview ...... 32 4.3 Ecological Walkover Survey Results ...... 32 4.4 Flora ...... 44 4.5 Fauna ...... 45 4.6 Non-native Invasive Species ...... 47 5 Natura 2000 sites within the Zone of Influence of the works/scheme ...... 49 5.1 Introduction ...... 49 5.2 Clonaslee Eskers And Derry Bog SAC (000859) ...... 50 5.3 Lough Owel SAC (000688) ...... 51 5.4 Lough Owel SPA (004047) ...... 51 5.5 Middle Shannon Callows SPA (004096) ...... 52 5.6 River Shannon Callows SAC (000216) ...... 53 5.7 Clara Bog SAC (000572) ...... 54 5.8 Split Hills and Long Hill Esker SAC (001831) ...... 55 5.9 Charleville Wood SAC (000571) ...... 56 5.10 Lough Ennell SAC (000685) ...... 56 5.11 Lough Ennell SPA (004044) ...... 57 5.12 Ferbane Bog SAC (000575) ...... 58 5.13 Moyclare Bog SAC (000581) ...... 58 6 Appropriate Assessment...... 60 6.1 Introduction ...... 60 6.2 Identification of Potential Sources of Impact ...... 60 6.3 Impact Assessment ...... 65 6.4 Impact Evaluation ...... 69 7 Avoidance and Mitigation Measures ...... 102 7.1 Site specific mitigation measures ...... 102 7.2 Mitigation for Bridge/Sluice/Structural Works ...... 103 8 Conclusions ...... 105 References...... I Appendices ...... IV A Natura 2000 Conservation Objectives and Vulnerabilities ...... IV B Protected Flora and Fauna ...... XXI II C Appendix - Non-native Invasive Species ...... XX XII

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Contents

D Environmental Drainage Maintenance Manual ...... XX XIV E Foreman’s Bridge Inspection Report ...... XX XV F Environmental Risk Assessment Form ...... XX XVI G Ecological Survey Extent ...... XX XVII H Channels, Embankments, Bridges and Sluices screened into assessment and pathways of impact ...... XX XVIII

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List of Figures Figure 1-1: The Appropriate Assessment Process (from: Appropriate Assessment of Plans and Projects in Ireland - Guidance for Planning Authorities, DoEHLG, 2009).. 4 Figure 1-2: Screening assessment process ...... 7 Figure 2-1: Extent of Brosna Arterial Drainage Scheme ...... 16 Figure 3-1 Channels with potential impacts via surface water pathways...... 19 Figure 3-2 Channels with potential impacts via Land and air pathways ...... 22 Figure 3-3 Channels potentially impacted via groundwater pathways ...... 25 Figure 4-1 : FL4 - Lough Ennell ...... 34 Figure 4-2 Shannon Harbour with wooded island with Reed beds ...... 35 Figure 4-3 FW2 - Clodiagh River ...... 36 Figure 4-4: FW4 - Drainage ditch ...... 37 Figure 4-5 FS1 - Reed swamp...... 38 Figure 4-6: WD1 - (Mixed) broadleaved woodland ...... 39 Figure 4-7: WN2 - Degraded Oak-ash -hazel woodland ...... 40 Figure 4-8: WN6 - Wet Willow-Alder-Ash woodland ...... 41 Figure 4-9: GS1 - Dry calcareous and neutral grassland ...... 42 Figure 4-10: HH2 - Dry heath ...... 43 Figure 4-11: PF1 - Fen habitat...... 44 Figure 4-12: Freshwater sponge (unidentified) ...... 45 Figure 4-13: Potential Lamprey habitat C8(9) ...... 46 Figure 4-14: Excavated Otter holt channel C1(1) ...... 47 Figure 4-15: Japanese knotweed ...... 48 Figure 5-1: Natura 2000 sites and Site Location (Source: NPWS MapViewer, 2018) ...... 50

List of Tables Table 2-1: OPW Drainage Maintenance Subcategories ...... 10 Table 2-2: OPW Drainage Maintenance Types ...... 10 Table 3-1: Natura 2000 sites potentially impacted by the maintenance works ...... 18 Table 3-2: Natura 2000 sites potentially impacted via surface water pathways ...... 19 Table 3-3 Summary results of SWD QIs / FOIs of SACs with potential surface water pathways, potential Annex I habitats present and potential for significant impact ...... 20 Table 3-4 Summary results of SWD QIs / FOIs of SPAs with potential surface water pathways, potential Annex I habitats present and potential for significant impact ...... 21 Table 3-5 Natura 2000 sites potentially impacted via Land and air pathways ...... 22 Table 3-6 Summary results of QIs / FOIs with potential land and air connectivity, resulting in a potential for impact from the proposed works through land and air pathways ...... 23 Table 3-7 Natura 2000 sites potentially impacted via groundwater pathways ...... 25

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Table 3-8 Summary results of QIs / FOIs in SACs with potential groundwater connectivity, resulting in a potential for impact from the proposed works through groundwater pathways ...... 26 Table 3-9 Summary results of QIs / FOIs in SPAs with potential groundwater connectivity, resulting in a potential for impact from the proposed works through groundwater pathways ...... 28 Table 3-10 Screening Assessment Conclusions (JBA, 2014) ...... 29 Table 4-1 Fossitt Habitats identified during ecological walkover surveys ...... 33 Table 6-1: Qualifying interests at risk from impacts via surface water pathways ...... 60 Table 6-2: Qualifying interests at risk from impacts via Land and Air Pathways ...... 61 Table 6-3: Qualifying interests at risk from impacts via Groundwater Pathways ...... 63 Table 6-4: Impact Assessment of the qualifying interests of twelve Natura 2000 Sites adjacent to Brosna Arterial Drainage Scheme ...... 70 Table 7-1: Specific Mitigation Measures ...... 102 Table 7-2: Mitigation measures for bridge, sluice and/or structural works ...... 103 Table 8-1: Integrity of Site Checklist (from DoEHLG, 2009) ...... 105

Abbreviations AA ...... Appropriate Assessment DoEHLG ...... Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government EC ...... European Communities EDM ...... Environmental Drainage Maintenance EP ...... Environmental Procedure EPA ...... Environmental Protection Agency EQR ...... Ecological Quality Ratio EREP ...... Environmental River Enhancement Programme FWPM ...... Freshwater Pearl Mussel GIS ...... Geographical Information Systems HDPE ...... High Density Polyethylene IFI ...... Inland Fisheries Ireland IROPI ...... Imperative Reason of Overriding Public Interest MAC ...... Maintenance Access Corridor NBDC ...... National Biodiversity Data Centre NIS ...... Natura Impact Statement NNIS ...... Non-native Invasive Species NPWS ...... National Parks and Wildlife Service OPW ...... Office of Public Works QI ...... Qualifying Interest RBD ...... River Basin District RBMP ...... River Basin Management Plan SAC ...... Special Area of Conservation 2018s0768 Office of Public Works NIS Brosna v1.0 2

SOP ...... Standard Operating Procedure SPA ...... Special Protection Area SWD ...... surface water dependent WWTP ...... Waste Water Treatment Plant

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1 Introduction

1.1 Background JBA Consulting has been commissioned by the Office of Public Works (OPW) to provide environmental consultancy services in relation to statutory arterial drainage maintenance activities that will take place over the five-year period 2018-2022. This Natura Impact Statement (NIS) provides the results of the assessment conducted for the Brosna Arterial Drainage Scheme in accordance with Article 6(3) of the Habitats Directive (Council Directive 92/43/EEC on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora).

1.2 Legislative context The Habitats Directive (Council Directive 92/43/EEC on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora) aims to maintain or restore the favourable conservation status of habitats and species of community interest across Europe. The requirements of these directives are transposed into Irish law through the European Communities (Birds and Natural Habitats) Regulations) 2011 (S.I. No. 477 of 2011). Under the Directive a network of sites of nature conservation importance have been identified by each Member State as containing specified habitats or species requiring to be maintained or returned to favourable conservation status. In Ireland the network consists of Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) and SPAs, and also candidate sites, which form the Natura 2000 network. Article 6(3) of the Habitats Directive requires that, in relation to European designated sites (i.e. SACs and SPAs that form the Natura 2000 network), "any plan or project not directly connected with or necessary to the management of the site but likely to have a significant effect thereon, either individually or in combination with other plans or projects, shall be subject to appropriate assessment of its implications for the site in view of the site's conservation objectives". A competent authority (e.g. the OPW or Local Authority) can only agree to a plan or project after having determined that it will not adversely affect the integrity of the site concerned. Under article 6(4) of the Directive, if adverse impacts are likely, and in the absence of alternative options, a plan or project must nevertheless proceed for imperative reasons of overriding public interest (IROPI), including social or economic reasons, a Member State is required to take all compensatory measures necessary to ensure the overall integrity of the Natura 2000 site. The European Commission have to be informed of any compensatory measures adopted, unless a priority habitat type or species is present and in which case an opinion from the European Commission is required beforehand (unless for human health or public safety reasons, or of benefit to the environment).

1.3 Appropriate Assessment Process Guidance on the Appropriate Assessment (AA) process was produced by the European Commission in 2002, which was subsequently developed into guidance specifically for Ireland by the Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government (DoEHLG) (2009). These guidance documents identify a staged approach to conducting an AA, as shown Figure 1-1.

Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4

Screening for AA AA Alternative Solutions IROPI

Figure 1-1: The Appropriate Assessment Process (from: Appropriate Assessment of Plans and Projects in Ireland - Guidance for Planning Authorities, DoEHLG, 2009)

1.3.1 Stage 1 - Screening for AA The initial, screening stage of the Appropriate Assessment is to determine: 2017s6456 - Office of Public Works - Bonet NIS V1.0 4

a. whether the proposed plan or project is directly connected with or necessary for the management of the European designated site for nature conservation b. if it is likely to have a significant adverse effect on the European designated site, either individually or in combination with other plans or projects For those sites where, potential adverse impacts are identified, either alone or in combination with other plans or projects, further assessment is necessary to determine if the proposals will have an adverse impact on the integrity of a European designated site, in view of the sites conservation objectives (i.e. the process proceeds to Stage 2).

1.3.2 Stage 2 - AA This stage requires a more in-depth evaluation of the plan or project, and the potential direct and indirect impacts of them on the integrity and interest features of the European designated site(s), alone and in-combination with other plans and projects, taking into account the site's structure, function and conservation objectives. Where required, mitigation or avoidance measures will be suggested. The competent authority can only agree to the plan or project after having ascertained that it will not adversely affect the integrity of the site(s) concerned. If this cannot be determined, and where mitigation cannot be achieved, then alternative solutions will need to be considered (i.e. the process proceeds to Stage 3).

1.3.3 Stage 3 - Alternative Solutions Where adverse impacts on the integrity of Natura 2000 sites are identified, and mitigation cannot be satisfactorily implemented, alternative ways of achieving the objectives of the plan or project that avoid adverse impacts need to be considered. If none can be found, the process proceeds to Stage 4.

1.3.4 Stage 4 - IROPI Where adverse impacts of a plan or project on the integrity of Natura 2000 sites are identified and no alternative solutions exist, the plan will only be allowed to progress if imperative reasons of overriding public interest (IROPI) can be demonstrated. In this case compensatory measures will be required. The process only proceeds through each of the four stages for certain plans or projects. For example, for a plan or project, not connected with management of a site, but where no likely significant impacts are identified, the process stops at stage 1. Throughout the process, the precautionary principle must be applied, so that any uncertainties do not result in adverse impacts on a site.

1.4 Methodology Data to be used in this assessment has been collected in a range of formats, from a range of sources, including: • A comprehensive desktop survey (Section 1.4.1) • The 2014 Brosna Arterial Drainage Maintenance Screening Assessment (JBA 2014) (Section 1.4.2) • A number of ecological surveys (Section 1.4.3) conducted by independent ecologist Ross Macklin for JBA • National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS) website (http://www.npws.ie/) where site synopses, Natura 2000 data forms, GIS data and conservation objectives were obtained. • National Biodiversity Data Centre (NBDC 2018) • Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) maps website (https://gis.epa.ie/EPAMaps/) • River Basin Management Plans (RBMP) (www.wfdireland.ie) • Catchments (www.catchments.ie) • Planning websites (https://www.offaly.ie/eplan5/SearchTypes, http://www.westmeathcoco.ie/en/ourservices/planning/planningapplications/viewaplannin gapplication/)

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1.4.1 Desktop This NIS has been prepared with regard to the following documents: • DoEHLG (2009 rev 2010) Appropriate Assessment of Plans and Projects in Ireland Guidance for Planning Authorities. Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government (DoEHLG 2009). • European Communities (EC) (2000) Managing Natura 2000 Sites: the provisions of Article 6 of the ‘Habitats’ Directive 92/43/EEC, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg. European Commission (European Commission and Office for Official Publications of the European Communities 2000). • EC (2002) Assessment of Plans and Projects Significantly Affecting Natura 2000 Sites: Methodological guidance on the provisions of Article 6(3) and (4) of the Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg. European Commission (EC 2002). • EC (2007) Guidance document on Article 6(4) of the 'Habitats Directive' 92/43/EEC – Clarification of the concepts of: alternative solutions, imperative reasons of overriding public interest, compensatory measures, overall coherence, opinion of the commission. European Commission (EC 2007). • EC (2013) Interpretation Manual of European Union Habitats. Version EUR 28. European Commission (EC 2013). • Fossitt, J., (2000). A Guide to Habitats in Ireland. The Heritage Council, Kilkenny (Fossitt 2000). • NPWS (2008). The Status of EU Protected Habitats and Species in Ireland. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Dublin, Ireland (NPWS 2008). • NPWS (2014). The Status of EU Protected Habitats and Species in Ireland. Habitats Assessment Volume 2. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Dublin, Ireland (NPWS 2013a). • NPWS (2014). The Status of EU Protected Habitats and Species in Ireland. Species Assessment Volume 3. Habitats Assessment Volume 2. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Dublin, Ireland (NPWS 2013b).

This report has been produced on currently available information, with the most up-to-date versions used.

1.4.2 Screening The screening assessment conducted for these works has been undertaken in line with recommended guidance including that specifically produced for the OPW in 2014 (Ryan Hanley 2014b, 2014a). This methodology is based on source > pathway > receptor chain principles and involves assessing likely significant effects on Natura 2000 sites within the zone of influence of the proposed drainage maintenance in relation to three pathways: 1. Surface water 2. Land & air 3. Groundwater The screening assessment involves assessing the impacts of drainage maintenance operations within the arterial drainage scheme, and its zone of influence, in relation to each of the three pathways individually. The results of each pathway are then combined in a concluding section to identify if/where likely significant effects may arise.

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Figure 1-2: Screening assessment process

Surface water Land & Air Groundwater Pathway present Pathway present Pathway present connecting connecting connecting potential potential impacts potential impacts impacts to relevant to relevant Natura to relevant Natura Natura 2000 sites 2000 sites 2000 sites

Source > Pathway > Receptor Chain Receptor > Pathway > Source

Further assessment required

The screening process uses a combination of GIS analysis and qualitative assessment to identify which drainage maintenance activities, on which specific watercourses, are likely to have significant effects on the integrity of Natura 2000 sites. The screening report, conducted by JBA ecologists in 2014, has been reviewed and updated as necessary for the production of this NIS.

1.4.3 Ecological surveys To inform the Appropriate Assessment process, a number of assessments and ecological surveys have been conducted, including: • An ecological desk-based assessment to collate information on designated sites and protected and notable species • Bonet Arterial Drainage Maintenance Screening Assessment (JBA 2014) • Ecological walkover surveys of six separate areas relating to adjacent SACs on channels o C8(1), C8(7), C8(8), C10(1) Charleville Wood SAC o C3(13), C3(13c), C3(13F), C3(14) Clonaslee Esker s and Derry Bog SAC o C35(1), C35(2) 37(1), C38(1), C39(1), C40(1), C41(1), C43(1) C44(1), C45(1), C45(3), C45(10) Lough Ennell SAC and Lough Ennell SPA o C3(14) Split Hills and Long Hill Esker SAC o C1(1) River Shannon Callows and Middle Shannon Callows o C (9)4, C19(1) Clara Bog SAC

The ecological walkover survey was carried out in general accordance with the methods outlined in the following documents; • Heritage Council (2011). Best Practice Guidance for Habitat Survey and Mapping (Smith et al. 2011). • Ecological Surveying Techniques for Protected Flora and Fauna during the Planning of National Road Schemes (NRA 2009). • Fossitt, J. (2000). A Guide to Habitats in Ireland. The Heritage Council, Kilkenny (Fossitt 2000).

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Aerial photographs and site maps assisted the habitat survey. Habitats have been named and described following Fossitt (2000). Nomenclature for higher plants principally follows that given in Webb’s An Irish Flora (Parnell and Curtis, 2012). Protected species, including mammals (e.g. Otter, Badger) and birds, were surveyed based upon sightings and signs of activity during the habitat survey and also by the identification of potentially suitable habitats. This included a preliminary assessment of features with suitability for roosting bats and recording of any non-native invasive species (NNIS) found. All evidence of protected habitats and species was recorded on a tablet using the bespoke JBA GISmapp application where relevant, and all information gathered was provided to the OPW on a separate GIS database. The full ecological survey extent is shown in Appendix G. The results of these surveys have informed this NIS where relevant.

1.4.4 Consultation (if relevant) The findings of this assessment will be subject to consultation with the NPWS. This report has been produced on currently available information, with the most up-to-date versions used. Where new, or updated, information becomes available the OPW will consider and review the findings of this assessment, if necessary.

1.4.5 Limitations and constraints The conclusion of this report necessarily relies on some assumptions and it is inevitably subject to some limitations. Most of the assumptions and limitations would not affect the conclusion but the following points are recorded to ensure the basis of the assessment is clear: • This NIS investigates the potential direct and indirect impacts of the proposed works upon relevant Natura 2000 sites and assesses the potential impacts for significance alone and in-combination with other plans and projects. This process takes into consideration the nature of the proposed works and the structure, function and conservation objectives of the relevant Natura 2000 sites. It gathers the required information from a variety of sources. Information used in this process may be subject to limitations and constraints that are not made clear in the various sources and these may then, impact upon the results of this report. Attempts are made to interpret potential constraints and limitations from relevant sources where possible. Where constraints and limitations within source data are evident, these are taken into consideration in the following assessment however, this does allow for a margin of error; • Where significant adverse impacts are determined to potentially occur as a result of the works, a number of appropriate mitigation measures to be implemented during the scheme are provided in order to prevent any significant adverse impacts as a result of the scheme and proposed associated works. The conclusion of this report is based on the assumption that during the works, staff will be made aware of sensitive ecological features that may be present on site, will be competent to identify the presence of these features and will be aware of the mitigation measures and Environmental Procedures (EPs) to be followed as required in such circumstances; • Ecological surveys attempt to characterise the habitats and their usage in the most accurate manner but are in effect only a snapshot in time. Surveyor bias, seasonality, tides and health and safety restrictions may allow for variations in survey results. Therefore, ecological surveys may not always identify the presence of all sensitive ecological features that may be present; • In all instances where constraints or limitations may impact the result of the NIS, the precautionary principle is used to prevent any bias;

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• The summer of 2018 was particularly dry, with river levels below normal, and may have influenced the species and habitats recorded; • The description of activities, assessment and mitigation measures described in this report relate to the content of the draft OPW Environmental Procedures version 06/18 Rev A.

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2 Project Description

2.1 Arterial Drainage Maintenance Between 1945 and 1995, under the Arterial Drainage Act (1945), the OPW completed 34 Arterial Drainage Schemes on river catchments, along with five estuarine embankment schemes (over 11,500km of channel and 730km of embankments). The OPW is statutorily obligated to maintain arterial drainage channels under the 1945 Arterial Drainage Act, and since their completion, maintenance of these Arterial Drainage Schemes has been ongoing, with the majority of channels maintained every five years. However, larger channels tend to be only maintained every ten years, on average.

2.2 Drainage Maintenance Activities Arterial Drainage Maintenance includes a range of operations such as silt and vegetation management, mowing and structure maintenance, as detailed in Table 2-1, and listed as channel, embankment or structure maintenance in Table 2-2 below. It is required to retain the arterial drainage scheme design capacity. Table 2-1: OPW Drainage Maintenance Subcategories

Drainage Maintenance Subcategories A Silt and vegetation management B Aquatic vegetation cutting C Bank protection D Bush cutting/Branch trimming E Tree cutting F Mulching G Mowing H Gate installation I Sluice maintenance J Bridge maintenance K Other

Table 2-2: OPW Drainage Maintenance Types Category Maintenance Type Code

Silt and vegetation management A Aquatic vegetation cutting B Bank protection C Channel Maintenance Bush cutting/Branch trimming D Tree cutting E Other K Bush cutting/Branch trimming D Tree cutting E Embankment Mulching F Maintenance Mowing G Gate installation H Sluice maintenance I Bridge maintenance J Structural Bank protection C Maintenance Bush cutting/Branch trimming D Tree cutting E

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The following sections, taken from Ryan Hanley (2014a) and OPW (2011a), provide further details on the types and nature of arterial drainage maintenance operations undertaken by the OPW.

2.2.1 Channel Maintenance Activities The majority of drainage maintenance activities are focused on channel maintenance. While the frequency of maintenance on an individual channel may vary, with some channels requiring maintenance annually and others only requiring maintenance every twenty years, the average channel requires maintenance every four to six years. In this regard, approximately 2,000km of channels are maintained annually and nearly all of the 11,500km of channels across Irelands Arterial Drainage Schemes will have been maintained at least once over a period of five years. Channel maintenance is organised on a regional basis, with OPW Arterial Drainage Maintenance Regional Offices in Limerick, Headford, Co. Galway and Trim, Co. Meath. Scheme Design Standards Arterial Drainage Schemes constructed under the Arterial Drainage Act, 1945 were designed to provide an outfall for drainage of agricultural lands, and generally provided protection for a 3-year flood event. Where the creation of an outfall dictated the design bed levels, greater protection than the 3-year flood event was achieved as a consequence. In the case of modern flood relief schemes, flood protection for a 100-year flood event would be the design objective. The original Scheme designs, including the outfall datum for each of the Arterial Drainage Schemes, are available in the relevant OPW Arterial Drainage Maintenance Regional Office. This includes the mapped Scheme design, and the associated long sections and cross sections. These designs are used to inform channel maintenance. Types of Channel Requiring Maintenance In the years following the construction of a drainage scheme there is a tendency for the channel capacity to be progressively reduced due mainly to the transportation and deposition of bed materials, the accumulation of silt and the growth of in-channel vegetation. The resultant channel maintenance consists of repetitive works of a cyclical nature, to restore the Schemes design levels i.e. outfall datum in order to maintain the channel's designed capacity to convey water. Channels are prioritised for maintenance based on the rate of deterioration and the risk arising. The selection takes account of requests from the general public and potential flooding risk to roads, properties, urban areas and sewage works (OPW 2011a). Plane Bed to Low Gradient Channels Some 60 – 70% of maintained channels are of gentle longitudinal gradient and subject to relatively rapid deposition of silt, especially those that are subject to prolific growth of in-channel vegetation. The majority of maintenance works are therefore located on smaller lower-lying channels, with 90% of works in channels with a base width of <3m (OPW 2011a). In such channels silt and in- channel vegetation may cause the low flow level to rise by 50-300mm above the Scheme design level. In such circumstance's maintenance is focused on restoring both low-flow and flood-flow water levels to original Scheme design. Medium to High Gradient Channels A smaller proportion of channels are steep and fast flowing and are subject to flash floods, bank erosion and rapid movement of bed gravel. The steeper sections of channel normally require relatively little and infrequent maintenance works (OPW 2011a) as opposed to channels of low gradient which are subject to rapid accumulation of silt and proliferation of vegetation. These channels will have a greater requirement for bank protection works. Periods and Cycles of Maintenance The average channel requires silt and vegetation management every four to six years. However, channels with prolific weed growth may require maintenance annually, particularly where downstream bridges are at risk of being blocked due to a flow of decaying vegetation in autumn. Conversely, some channels may only require in-stream maintenance every twenty years due to the self-cleaning characteristics e.g. high gradient channels. Where the period between previous channel maintenance works has been exceptionally long, dense scrub and woody vegetation can establish along the channel and within the maintenance access corridor. In such circumstances, drainage maintenance works will include the removal of

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scrub/transitional woodland (code WS1 in the Fossitt Classification, 2000) that has developed along the banksides via bush cutting/branch trimming, tree cutting or mulching. This is undertaken between the 1st September and 28th February to avoid the residential bird nesting season (from the 1st March to 31st August as per the Wildlife Act (1976). In contrast, in-stream works for silt and vegetation management are carried out outside of the salmonid spawning season (May to September) and the times that early life stages of salmonid fish will be present as per Section 173 of the Fisheries (Consolidation) Act (1959) on channels with salmonid spawning habitat. Any works required during this period are carried out in consultation with IFI. As a result, there may be a two-stage approach to the works, with silt and in-stream vegetation management carried out during the open season (i.e. summer months), while woody vegetation removal is carried out in the winter months. Other restrictions on works may also apply in relation to the presence/absence of other protected species such as White-clawed Crayfish and Sea, River and Brook Lamprey which will influence the timing of works.

2.2.2 Embankment Maintenance Activities A total of 5 No. Estuarine Embankment Schemes were constructed under the 1945 Act. In addition, a number of the Arterial Drainage Schemes have embanked sections. Scheme Design Standards As above for the Arterial Drainage Schemes, Estuarine Embankment Schemes constructed under the Arterial Drainage Act 1945 were designed to provide an outfall for drainage of agricultural lands, and generally provided protection for a 3-year flood event. Where the creation of an outfall dictated the design bed levels, greater protection than the 3-year flood event was achieved as a consequence. In the case of modern flood relief schemes, flood protection for a 100-year flood event would be the design objective. The original Scheme designs are available in the relevant OPW Arterial Drainage Maintenance Regional Office. This includes the mapped Scheme design, and the associated long sections and cross sections. Types of Embankments Requiring Maintenance All embankments and associated sluice structures (see section 2.2.3) are inspected annually for signs of disrepair. Regular inspections are carried out on sections of embankments, which are known from experience to be at risk, together with additional inspections after a storm surge at sea or a high tidal/flood event. Maintenance of embankments includes removal of vegetation to allow for inspection of the embankment, and in some cases the replacement of existing fencing with gates to allow for future access during maintenance.

2.2.3 Structural Maintenance Activities Structural Design Standards During the construction of the Arterial Drainage Schemes under the 1945 Act, some 18,500 No. accommodation bridges were identified and modified, or replaced as required. These bridges provide farmers owning land on both sides of a channels with farm vehicular and/or foot access from one side to the other. The type of bridge provided depended on the width, depth and required flow capacity of the channel, and ranged from concrete piped culverts to relatively large structures formed on concrete or masonry abutments spanned by structural steel beams, or lattice girders together with concrete or timber decking. During the Estuarine Embankment Schemes under the 1945 Act, existing sluice structures were identified and modified, or replaced as required. Additional sluice structures were constructed as required bringing the total number to approximately 750. The function of these sluice structures is to allow water from the floodplain behind the embankments to discharge to the main river or estuary. Types of Structures Requiring Maintenance In general, as channel maintenance proceeds, the bridges are examined by the supervisory industrial staff and if required, repairs/replacements are scheduled. The type of bridge structures, which are most likely to have fallen into a critical state of disrepair, are those with timber decking 2017s6456 - Office of Public Works - Bonet NIS V1.0 12

supported on steel beams, and those in which abutment foundations are being undercut. There is a standard type of design for the replacement of these structures, which consists essentially of mass concrete abutments with reinforced cast in-situ decking. This type of structure is simple to construct and under normal circumstances, it will last for many years with little or no maintenance. On many occasions, it is not necessary to totally replace a bridge, and repairs such as underpinning the foundation or replacement of wing-walls, parapets or sections of the deck may be all that is required to extend the useful life of the structure. Where bridge maintenance may be required, a Bridge Inspection Form will be filled out by the Foreman, prior to the works. This will determine the need for further assessment and potentially, any mitigation measures that may be required. See Appendix E - Foreman’s Bridge Inspection Report. All embankments and associated structures are inspected annually for disrepair. Due to the time elapsed since scheme completion, some of these sluice structures have reached their design life and have started to fail. In this instance, full replacement is required. Typically, this involves the installation of pre-cast headwalls and back walls, and the replacement of existing corrugated galvanised steel pipes with PVC plastic pipes. Sluice doors are the most frequent part of the sluice structure that are required to be repaired or replaced. Repairs to a sluice door consist of replacing the arms/hinges on the existing cast iron door. On occasion, the existing cast iron door would be replaced with a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) door. Blockages often occur at the doors of the sluices due to silt build up. These blockages are removed using along reach excavator working from the bank of the channel. It is not known where bridges, sluice doors or structures may require maintenance on the Brosna Scheme. Maintenance of bridges, structures and/or sluices will only occur within the scheme after following the relevant environmental procedures as detailed in the OPW Environmental Procedures document (OPW 2018) and using specific mitigation measures as defined in this document and Section 7.2. Structures that are assessed in this NIS for potential impacts as a result of maintenance works are included in Appendix H. This NIS does not include assessment for the removal, demolition, replacement or erection of bridges, sluices or structures.

2.2.4 Maintenance works considered outside of the Scheme Design Standards and outside of normal Arterial Drainage Maintenance Works Occasionally, works are required that can be considered outside of the scope of the normal Arterial Drainage Maintenance Works to maintain a scheme. Works considered outside of the normal scope of statutory arterial drainage maintenance works are not assessed for impacts in this report. Works that could be considered outside of the normal scope of works include those involving extensive bank protection measures, removal of mature woodland, unplanned bridge maintenance works or any other unplanned works within the zone of influence of a Natura 2000 site.

2.2.5 Plant and Machinery The types of machinery typically utilised during maintenance works would include 3600 hydraulic excavators (from 15-20 tonne excavators), mini-diggers, tractors and trailers, tipper lorries, hydraulic shears, hydraulic secateurs, chainsaws, mulchers and mowers; the machinery used is dependent on the maintenance activity being conducted. The removal of dense in-stream silt and vegetation requires the use of a hydraulic excavator with a 1.5m wide (approximate) bucket (capacity approximate 500ltrs). For standard excavators, works progress at a rate of 700m to 900m per week. In relation to long-reach excavators, works progress at a slower rate of between 200m and 350m per week. Rates may change due to channel width or ground conditions.

2.2.6 Maintenance Access Corridors (MAC) and Working Zone Maintenance sites are generally accessed via the public road and through farmland. A maintenance access corridor is utilised along one side of a channel for maintenance purposes. These established routes are used to track the hydraulic excavators for maintenance and for the disposal of spoil (see section 2.2.8). The same route is generally followed every maintenance cycle. This approach avoids disturbance of habitats on the opposite bank during works.

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Where grasslands are present within the maintenance access corridor, the impact is predominantly temporary as the grasslands are trampled by machinery and can recolonise following completion of the maintenance activities. Within woodland and scrub habitats a linear path more typical of disturbed vegetation i.e. scrub/transitional woodland (WS1) will be evident along the maintenance access corridor due to regular machine access. In this regard, the disturbance regime associated with the tracking of plant machinery along the maintenance access corridors on the channel bank arrests succession to mature woodland such that scrub/transitional woodland (WS1) dominates. Where mature trees are present these are generally avoided by plant machinery. Structures are generally accessed through farmland from the public road above. Plant machinery will utilise the same maintenance access corridor used for channel maintenance to gain access to the structure. Where individual trees, woodland and scrub habitats are present at the location of the structure, these may be removed to facilitate bridge inspection and works. Where mature trees are present these are generally avoided by plant machinery. The location of drainage maintenance works is generally accessed via public roads and through farmland, with the siting of mobile short-term staff welfare facilities, plant storage and car parking agreed with local landowners. There is no requirement for temporary site lighting. There is a requirement for water supply and disposal of wastewater from the welfare facilities (see section 2.2.8 in relation to waste disposal).

2.2.7 Site Compounds (Welfare Facilities), Access Routes and Haul Roads Haul roads are generally not required to facilitate drainage maintenance activities. Where access is required in soft ground conditions, plant equipment will be brought in on tracks or temporary matting will be laid to provide a corridor for machinery access. Where matting is utilised, it will be completely removed post completion of works to allow vegetation to recolonise. All plant and machinery are confined to one defined access route to minimise disturbance. All plant and machinery are regularly maintained and serviced to minimise release of hydrocarbons. All hydraulic excavators and other plant machinery use long life engine oil and biodegradable hydraulic oil. Fuelling and lubrication are conducted a minimum of 50m away from all channels. Spill kits are present in all plant used in maintenance activities. Integrated submersible pumps are also deployed in the event of structural maintenance and the requirement for dewatering of excavations.

2.2.8 Waste Output/Disposal The material removed from a channel during silt and vegetation management is normally spread thinly along the bank or on top of existing spoil heaps where present within the access corridor. All dead wood material is left on site to decompose or is removed off site and utilised as firewood under local landowner agreements. Where mulchers or mowers are deployed, the arisings are left on site to decompose or the mulched material is buried. Construction and demolition waste from structures includes broken concrete and stone. Steel railings are returned to the depot for recycling. Used engine oil and hydraulic oil is disposed of by a licensed waste handler. Toilet facilities are maintained by a licensed waste handler. Any waste generated on site is returned to the depot for segregation and disposal by a licensed waste handler.

2.2.9 Working Hours All maintenance activities are undertaken during daylight hours. Standard working hours are 8.00am to 4.30pm, with lunch and tea breaks, Monday to Friday. There is no requirement for temporary site lighting to facilitate works. Machines are powered down when not in use.

2.2.10 Environmental Training Environmental training of all staff involved in drainage maintenance is an ongoing process. Technical and Operational Staff completed formal training in Environmental Drainage Maintenance (EDM) in 2004. This training course was revised and expanded under the OPW’s Environmental River Enhancement Programme (EREP) and was delivered to all staff in 2010. The training programme delivered included presentations in river corridor ecology, the Environmental Drainage Maintenance Guidance Notes (Ten Steps to Environmentally Friendly Maintenance), maintenance strategies involving both ‘enhanced maintenance’ and ‘capital enhancement’, and OPW’s

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Environmental Management Protocols and Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) (see section 00 for more details). Both sets of training were developed and delivered by IFI. The formal approach to EDM Training is complimented with on-site training. Regular site visits from IFI and OPW’s Environment Section provide further guidance and advice to operational staff. Auditing of operational staff on the implementation of the Environmental Drainage Maintenance Guidance Notes (Ten Steps to Environmentally Friendly Maintenance) is also carried out by both IFI and OPW’s Environment Section. In addition, other environmental training takes place as deemed beneficial, e.g. in 2008, the majority of the technical and operational staff were trained in Otter Awareness. This course, provided by the Department of Zoology, Trinity College Dublin, included presentations on Otter ecology, and on-site identification of Otter signs and suitable habitat. More recently, an environmental training course was designed and provided by JBA to all OPW staff in 2017 and 2018. It was given in three different stages. Management staff were given a more detailed 2-day course in Environmental and Ecological training. Ground staff were given 1.5 days of training in the environment and ecology. Modules were designed to assist staff in understanding the relevant legislation, recognising ecologically sensitive habitats and species, invasive non- native species identification and general environmental and ecological training relevant to their work. This included a half day practical session where ecologists demonstrated the identification of the elements taught in the classroom, in the field. Training in the completion of an Environmental Risk Assessment and Bridge Inspections from an ecological perspective, was designed and provided by JBA Consulting to OPW Foremen and selected engineering staff in 2018.

2.2.11 Environmental Audits A portion of operational crews have been audited annually by the OPW Environment Section, IFI and in 2018 by JBA Consulting for the implementation of the Environmental Drainage Maintenance Guidance Notes (Ten Steps to Environmentally Friendly Maintenance) and the OPW’s Environmental Management Protocol and EPs. Auditing is carried out by JBA Consulting on a rotational basis to ensure all operational crews are audited at least once every three years. All audit results are forwarded to the relevant engineer for that Scheme within two working weeks. In the event of an audit showing elements of unreasonable non-compliance with procedures, the relevant Engineer will be notified within one working day. Audit results are also forwarded to OPW Systems Manager for inclusion in monthly regional benchmarking reports.

2.2.12 Environmental Management Protocol and Environmental Procedures The draft OPW’s Environmental Management Protocols (OPW 2018) (Appendix D) set out how regional management staff manage a range of environmental aspects, including programming of works to accommodate certain environmental windows or restrictions on timing of works, and recording of data. A total of 31 No. EPs are applied during operational works. The 31 EPs replace the previous SOPs (OPW 2011). The EPs will be rolled out across the OPW in 2018. These EPs set out actions designed to eliminate, or substantially reduce, likely impacts to identified species and their associated habitats. A brief summary of these follow. Planning EPs relevant to Management Staff: • Including Environmental Risk Assessment Procedure; and • Appropriate Assessment Procedure Implementation EPs - relevant to all staff: • Environmental Drainage Maintenance Guidance Notes (10 Steps to Environmentally Friendly Maintenance) • Tree Management Procedure • Silt Management Procedure • Machinery related procedure Invasive Species EPs - relevant to all staff • Spread of Invasive Plant (Low Biosecurity) Procedure • Spread of Water Based Invasives (High Biosecurity) Procedure

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Species EPs - relevant to all staff • Salmonid Procedure • Otter Procedure • Bats Procedure • Freshwater Pearl Mussel Procedure Habitat EPs - relevant to all staff • Alluvial (Wet Woodland) Procedure • Wetland Procedure The OPWs Environmental Management Protocols and Standard Operating Procedures (OPW 2011) may still be in use as the updated EP document (2018) is being rolled out throughout the country. The original OPWs Environmental Management Protocols and Standard Operating Procedures (OPW 2011) document can be downloaded from http://www.opw.ie/en/media/OPW%20Environmental%20Management%20Protocols%20&%20S OPs%20April%202011.pdf. The new Environmental Drainage Maintenance Manual (see Appendix E) is not yet publicly available at the time of drafting this NIS. The description of activities, assessment and mitigation measures described in this report relate to the content of the draft OPW Environmental Procedures version 06/18 Rev A. An Environmental Risk Assessment process has been developed by the OPW which will be filled in by the program producer for >3m base width main channels where maintenance has not occurred for 15 years and embankment works where maintenance has not occurred for 15 years. The Environmental Risk Assessment form for this process is in Appendix F.

2.3 The Arterial Drainage Scheme The Arterial Drainage Scheme is located between Co. Offaly and Co. Westmeath. It includes 613.2km of watercourse and 46km of embankment (Figure 2-1).

Figure 2-1: Extent of Brosna Arterial Drainage Scheme

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2.4 Drainage Maintenance Works Proposed for the Brosna Arterial Drainage Scheme Within the Brosna Arterial Drainage Scheme the exact location and type of required maintenance activity varies over time. For the purposes of this NIS not all activities will occur on all scheme channels, structures and embankments. However, due to the high-level nature of these reports, all normal drainage maintenance activities are assessed

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3 Screening Assessment Results An Appropriate Assessment screening assessment, addressing Stage 1 of the AA process, has already been completed for the Brosna Arterial Drainage Scheme (JBA 2014). This identified that likely significant effects on Natura 2000 sites may occur as a result of the proposed maintenance activities and therefore a Stage 2 Appropriate Assessment is necessary. The Stage 1 Screening Assessment was conducted in line with guidance produced for the OPW in 2014 (Ryan Hanley 2014b, 2014a). This methodology is based on source > pathway > receptor chain principles and involves assessing likely significant effects on Natura 2000 sites within the zone of influence of the proposed drainage maintenance in relation to three pathways: 4. Surface water 5. Land & air 6. Groundwater The screening assessment involved assessing the impacts of drainage maintenance operations within the arterial drainage scheme, and its zone of influence, in relation to each of the three pathways individually. Conclusions were then drawn to identify if maintenance works upon the channels within the scheme, could impact upon Natura 2000 sites. Sites that had the potential to be impacted by the maintenance works were determined to be within the ZOI and these sites require further assessment. This included the Natura 2000 sites in Table 3-1. Since the screening was carried out in 2014 there have been changes to the qualifying interests of some Natura 2000 sites. The screening results have been updated to reflect this. Table 3-1: Natura 2000 sites potentially impacted by the maintenance works

Clonaslee Eskers and Derry Bog SAC (000859) Lough Owel SAC (000688) Lough Owel SPA (004047) Middle Shannon Callows SPA (004096) River Shannon Callows SAC (000216) Clara Bog SAC (000572) Split Hills and Long Hill Esker SAC (001831) Charleville Wood SAC (000571) Lough Ennell SAC (000685) Lough Ennell SPA (004044) Ferbane Bog SAC (000575) Moyclare Bog SAC (000581

3.1.1 Surface Water Pathways As a result of the screening assessment, maintenance activities on those watercourses shown in Figure 3-1 including the Brosna River, were identified as potentially resulting in significant adverse impacts via surface water pathways on eight Natura 2000 sites. These Natura 2000 sites are listed in Table 3-2.

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Figure 3-1 Channels with potential impacts via surface water pathways. Table 3-2: Natura 2000 sites potentially impacted via surface water pathways

Clonaslee Eskers and Derry Bog SAC (000859) Lough Owel SAC (000688) Lough Owel SPA (004047) River Shannon Callows SAC (000216) Clara Bog SAC (000572) Charleville Wood SAC (000571) Lough Ennell SAC (000685) Lough Ennell SPA (004044)

This assessment was determined based on presence of surface water connectivity between the Natura 2000 sites and the Brosna Arterial Drainage Scheme and considering a variety of factors. Relevant factors considered in the assessment included the "At Risk" status (Under the Water Framework Directive (WFD)) of all surface waterbodies within the area of works, the potential for impact, the significance of potential impacts and the relevance of any threats and pressures within the Natura 2000 site. Significance was determined based on the nature of the surface water dependant (SWD) qualifying interests that may be present and the nature of the scheme based on the hydrological setting within the catchment. Pre-determined distances and typologies (Ryan Hanley 2014b) were used to define the zone of influence of the works and determine potential and significance of impacts. Using the precautionary principle, during the screening assessment, SWD habitats and species that may be present were assessed as if present, based on information available in the Conservation Objectives, Natura 2000 Data Form and the Site Synopsis. These potentially present Qualifying Interests / Features of Interest were then assessed for the potential to be significantly impacted by the proposed works if present. The results of this assessment are in Table 3-1 for SACs and Table 3-2 for SPAs.

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Table 3-3 Summary results of SWD QIs / FOIs of SACs with potential surface water pathways, potential Annex I habitats present and potential for significant impact EU SWD Qualifying Interest/Special Drainage Activity location Desktop Study Comment Conclusion Code Conservation Interest relative to SWD Qualifying interest Down Up Over stream stream lap Clonaslee Eskers and Derry Bog SAC (000859) Potential for Likely 7230 Alkaline fens <3km No Yes Alkaline fens are located to the east of the road R421. Significant Effect Associated with the Alkaline fens which are located to the east Potential for Likely 1013 Geyer’s Whorl Snail Vertigo geyeri <3km No Yes of the road R421. Significant Effect Lough Owel SAC (000688) This habitat is located throughout the lough. Drainage Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with maintenance activities are proposed on a watercourse which Potential for Likely 3140 <3km No Yes benthic vegetation of Chara spp. flows out of the lough. Significant Effect

This species is present within the lough. Drainage maintenance White-clawed crayfish Potential for Likely 1092 <3km No Yes activities are proposed on a watercourse which flows out of the Austropotamobius pallipes Significant Effect lough. River Shannon Callows SAC (000216) Potential for Likely 1355 Otter Lutra lutra No <5km Yes Likely to be located throughout the SAC. Significant Effect Clara Bog SAC (000572) The bog woodland is located on the western side of the bog 91D Bog woodland Potential for Likely <3km No Yes and drainage maintenance activities are proposed for <3km 0 Significant Effect downstream of this area. Charleville Wood SAC (000571) Desmoulin’s Whorl Snail Vertigo Potential for Likely 1016 <3km <5km Yes No detailed information on location of species is available. moulinsiana Significant Effect Lough Ennell SAC (000685) No detailed information on location of habitat within the SAC is Potential for Likely 7230 Alkaline fens <3km <5 km Yes available. Significant Effect

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Table 3-4 Summary results of SWD QIs / FOIs of SPAs with potential surface water pathways, potential Annex I habitats present and potential for significant impact Special Drainage Activity location Desktop Study Comment Conclusion Conservation relative to SWD SWD Interest likely Qualifying interest habitats Annex I Habitat to occur present Down Up Over stream strea lap m Lough Owel SPA (004047)

Hard oligo- Limestone/ mesotrophic waters Shoveler Potential for Likely marl Lakes with benthic <3km No Yes Both species are likely to be present on the lough Significant Effect (FL3) vegetation of Chara Coot spp. [3140]

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3.1.2 Land and Air Pathways As a result of the screening assessment (JBA 2014) maintenance activities on those watercourses shown in Figure 3-1, including the Brosna River, were identified as potentially resulting in significant adverse impacts on the Natura 2000 sites shown in Table 3-5 via Land and Air Pathways.

Figure 3-2 Channels with potential impacts via Land and air pathways

Table 3-5 Natura 2000 sites potentially impacted via Land and air pathways

Slieve Bloom Mountains SPA (004160) Lough Ennell SAC (000685) Split Hills and Long Hill Esker SAC (001831) River Shannon Callows SAC (000216) Clara Bog SAC (000572) Charleville Wood SAC (000571) Clonaslee Eskers and Derry Bog SAC (000859) Middle Shannon Callows SPA (004096) Lough Owel SPA (004047) Lough Ennell SPA (004044) Lough Owel SAC (000688)

Summary results of qualifying interests (QIs) with potential for significant impact by land and air pathways are shown for each of the Natura sites in Table 3-6.

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Table 3-6 Summary results of QIs / FOIs with potential land and air connectivity, resulting in a potential for impact from the proposed works through land and air pathways

EU Code Species Maintenance Qualifying interest Location of Conclusion activity location location relative to Impact relative to drainage Natura 2000 site maintenance boundary activity Maintenance Lough Ennell SAC (000685) Potential 7230 Alkaline fens 0km / overlap Location unknown 10m Significant Effect Split Hills and Long Hill Esker SAC (001831) Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies on Potential 6210 calcareous substrates 0km / overlap Location unknown 10m Significant (Festuco Brometalia) Effect (*important orchid sites) River Shannon Callows SAC (000216) Species assumed to Potential INST / MAC 1355 Otter Lutra lutra 0km / overlap be present Significant + 150m throughout the SAC Effect Molinia meadows on Potential calcareous, peaty or Specific location 6410 0km / overlap 10m Significant clayey-silt-laden soils unknown Effect (Molinion caeruleae) Lowland hay meadows (Alopecurus Potential Specific location 6510 pratensis, 0km / overlap 10m Significant unknown Sanguisorba Effect officinalis) Clara Bog SAC (000572) Active raised bogs Potential Specific location 7110 0km / overlap 10m Significant unknown Effect Degraded raised bogs Potential Specific location 7120 still capable of natural 0km / overlap 10m Significant unknown regeneration Effect Depressions on peat Potential Specific location 7150 substrates of the 0km / overlap 10m Significant unknown Rhynchosporion Effect Charleville Wood SAC (000571) Desmoulin’s Whorl Potential Specific location 1016 Snail Vertigo 0km / overlap MAC Significant unknown moulinsiana Effect Old sessile oak woods Potential with Ilex and Oak wood is present Significant 91A0 0km / overlap 10m Blechnum in British throughout the SAC Effect Isles Clonaslee Eskers and Derry Bog SAC (000859)

Associated with the Potential Geyer’s Whorl Snail 1013 0km / overlap fen areas. Drainage MAC Significant Vertigo geyeri maintenance Effect activities are

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EU Code Species Maintenance Qualifying interest Location of Conclusion activity location location relative to Impact relative to drainage Natura 2000 site maintenance boundary activity Maintenance proposed in this part of the SAC Alkaline fens are located to the east of the road R421. Potential Drainage 7230 Alkaline fens 0km / overlap 10m Significant maintenance Effect activities are proposed in this part of the SAC. Middle Shannon Callows SPA (004096) Potential Whooper Swan 150m A038 0km / overlap Location unknown Significant Cygnus cygnus (winter) Effect Potential Wigeon Anas 100m A050 0km / overlap Location unknown Significant penelope (winter) Effect Potential A122 Corncrake Crex crex 0km / overlap Location unknown 200m (nest) Significant Effect 200m (nest) Potential Golden Plover A140 0km / overlap Location unknown Significant Pluvialis apricaria 100m (winter) Effect Potential Lapwing Vanellus 100m A142 0km / overlap Location unknown Significant vanellus (winter) Effect Potential Black-tailed Godwit 100m A156 0km / overlap Location unknown Significant Limosa limosa (winter) Effect

Black-headed Gull 100m (nest) Potential A179 Chroicocephalus 0km / overlap Location unknown Significant ridibundus 50m (winter) Effect Potential Wetlands & Specific location 0.01km / A999 0km / overlap Significant Waterbirds unknown overlap Effect Lough Owel SPA (004047) Species assumed to Potential Shoveler Anas 100m A056 0km / overlap be present Significant clypeata (winter) throughout the lough Effect Species assumed to Potential 100m A125 Coot Fulica atra 0km / overlap be present Significant (winter) throughout the lough Effect Species assumed to Potential Wetlands & 0.01km / A999 0km / overlap be present Significant Waterbirds overlap throughout the lough Effect Lough Ennell SPA (004044) Species assumed to Potential 100m A059 Pochard Aythya ferina 0km / overlap be present Significant (winter) throughout the lough Effect Species assumed to Potential 100m A125 Coot Fulica atra 0km / overlap be present Significant (winter) throughout the lough Effect

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EU Code Species Maintenance Qualifying interest Location of Conclusion activity location location relative to Impact relative to drainage Natura 2000 site maintenance boundary activity Maintenance Potential Wetlands & Specific location 0.01km / A999 0km / overlap Significant Waterbirds unknown overlap Effect Lough Owel SAC (000688) White-clawed crayfish Species assumed to Potential 1092 Austropotamobius 0km / overlap be present INST + 50m Significant pallipes throughout the lough Effect Notes: MAC = Maintenance Access Corridor BR = Bridge INST = Instream

3.1.3 Groundwater Pathways As a result of the screening assessment (JBA 2014) maintenance activities on those watercourses, including the Brosna River, shown in Figure 3-3 were identified as potentially resulting in significant adverse impacts on Natura 2000 sites (Table 3-7) via groundwater pathways.

Figure 3-3 Channels potentially impacted via groundwater pathways Table 3-7 Natura 2000 sites potentially impacted via groundwater pathways

Charleville Wood SAC (000571) Clonaslee Eskers and Derry Bog SAC

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(000859) Ferbane Bog SAC (000575) Lough Ennell SAC (000685) Moyclare Bog SAC (000581) Clara Bog SAC (000572) Lough Owel SAC (000688) River Shannon Callows SAC (000216) Lough Ennell SPA (004044) Middle Shannon Callows SPA (004096) Ferbane Bog SAC (000575) Moyclare Bog SAC (000581)

This assessment was determined based on the location of the relevant Natura 2000 sites within the same groundwater bodies as the Brosna Arterial Drainage Scheme (Clonaslee West_1 (IE_SH_G_209), Geashill (IE_SH_G_103), Banagher (IE_SH_G_040) and Inny (IE_SH_G_110), Clara (IE_SH_G_060), Clara_6 (IE_SH_G_039) and Derravarragh_2 (IE_SH_G_166) and considering a variety of factors. Relevant factors considered in assessing the potential for the Natura 2000 site to be impacted through groundwater pathways also included the presence of Groundwater Dependant (GWD) QIs / FOIs, the risk status under the WFD of each site and the potential and significance of impact, should one occur. Each qualifying interest of the screened in Natura 2000 site, was then assessed individually for potential to be impacted and the overall assessment included a review of the potential for cumulative and/or in-combination impacts as a result of the identified pressures and threats identified in the Natura 2000 form (NPWS, 2017a, NPWS, 2017b). The location of the drainage maintenance activity works relative to the Natura 2000 sites and features of interest were considered to determine relevance at this stage, along with GWD habitat typology. Pre-determined distances and typologies (Ryan Hanley 2014b) were used to define the zone of influence of the works and determine potential and significance of impacts. As no detailed information was available on the location of qualifying interests, the precautionary principle was used during the screening assessment. Species that may be present were assessed as if present throughout based on information available in the Conservation Objectives, Natura 2000 Data Form and the Site Synopsis. These potentially present QIs / FOIs were then assessed for potential to be significantly impacted by the proposed works if present. The results of this assessment are seen in Table 3-8 for SACs and Table 3-9 for SPAs.

Table 3-8 Summary results of QIs / FOIs in SACs with potential groundwater connectivity, resulting in a potential for impact from the proposed works through groundwater pathways

GWD Qualifying Interest GWD Drainage maintenance Result Habitats Habitat activity location Typology relative to Natura 2000 site Clonaslee West (IE_SH_G_066) Productive fissured bedrock GWB (for SACs)

Clonaslee Eskers and Derry Bog SAC (000859) Alkaline fens [7230] Potential for Geyer’s Whorl Snail Vertigo A# Downgradient significant geyeri [1013] effect Geashill (IE_SH_G_103) Poorly productive bedrock GWB (for SACs)

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Clonaslee Eskers and Derry Bog SAC (000859) Alkaline fens [7230] Potential for Geyer’s Whorl Snail Vertigo A# Downgradient significant geyeri [1013] effect Charleville Wood SAC (000571) Desmoulin’s Whorl Snail Vertigo moulinsiana [1016] – assumed to Potential for Downgradient and be associated with bog, marsh A# significant Upgradient and fen habitats s on the site effect [e.g. 7230, 7210] Banagher (IE_SH_G_040) and Inny (IE_SH_G_110) Poorly productive bedrock GWBs (for SACs)

River Shannon Callows (000216) Molinia meadows on calcareous, Potential for peaty or clayey-silt-laden soils A Upgradient significant (Molinion caeruleae) [6410] effect Alluvial forests with Alnus Potential for glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior A Upgradient significant (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, effect Salicion albae) [91E0] Clara (IE_SH_G_060) Poorly productive bedrock GWB (for SACs) Ferbane Bog SAC (000575) Active raised bogs [7110] Potential for B1 Downgradient significant effect Degraded raised bogs still Potential for capable of natural regeneration B1 Downgradient significant [7120] effect Lough Ennell SAC (000685) Alkaline fens [7230] Potential for A# Upgradient/downgradient significant effect River Shannon Callows (000216) Molinia meadows on calcareous, Potential for peaty or clayey-silt-laden soils A Upgradient significant (Molinion caeruleae) [6410] effect Alluvial forests with Alnus Potential for glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior A Upgradient significant (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, effect Salicion albae) [91E0] Moyclare Bog SAC (000581) Active raised bogs [7110] Potential for B1 Downgradient significant effect Degraded raised bogs still Potential for capable of natural regeneration B1 Downgradient significant [7120] effect Clara_6 (IE_SH_G_039) Poorly productive bedrock GWB (for SACs) Clara Bog SAC (000572) Active raised bogs [7110] B1 Downgradient Potential for

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significant effect Degraded raised bogs still Potential for capable of natural regeneration B1 Downgradient significant [7120] effect

Bog woodland [91D0] Potential for A# Downgradient significant effect Derravarragh_2 (IE_SH_G_166) Poorly productive bedrock GWB (for SACs)

Lough Owel SAC (000688) Transition mires and quaking Potential for bogs [7140] A# Downgradient significant effect Alkaline fens [7230] Potential for A# Downgradient significant effect Note: GWD Habitat Typology after Table 5.1 Kilroy et al (2008) in Ryan Hanley (2014a) A = Type A, Groundwater Discharge Zone Wetlands B = Type B, Groundwater Flow-through Depression Wetlands A or B = No available information, based on expert opinion B1 = Where identified by Kilroy et al (2008) as both A and B type. B has been selected as worst-case scenario A# = Type A, Groundwater Discharge Zone Wetlands additionally identified in consultation with NPWS as potentially being impacted by downgradient activities

Table 3-9 Summary results of QIs / FOIs in SPAs with potential groundwater connectivity, resulting in a potential for impact from the proposed works through groundwater pathways

GWD Habitats as GWD Qualifying GWD Drainage maintenance Result per Natura 2000 Interest Habitats Habitat activity location Standard Data Typology relative to Natura 2000 Form, Site Synopsis site or COSD Clara (IE_SH_G_060) Poorly productive bedrock GWB (for SPAs)

Lough Ennell SPA (004044) Potential Rich fen and flush for Alkaline fens [7230] A# Upgradient/downgradient (PF2) significant effect Middle Shannon Callows SPA (004096) Molinia meadows on Potential calcareous, peaty or for Wet grassland (GS4) clayey-silt-laden A Upgradient significant soils (Molinion effect caeruleae) [6410]

Alluvial forests with Potential Wet pedunculate oak- Alnus glutinosa and for A Upgradient ash woodland (WN4) Fraxinus excelsior significant (Alno-Padion, Alnion effect incanae, Salicion

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albae) [91E0] Banagher (IE_SH_G_040) and Inny (IE_SH_G_110) Poorly productive bedrock GWBs (for SPAs)

Middle Shannon Callows SPA (004096) Molinia meadows on Potential calcareous, peaty or for Wet grassland (GS4) clayey-silt-laden A Upgradient significant soils (Molinion effect caeruleae) [6410] Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Potential Wet pedunculate oak- Fraxinus excelsior for A Upgradient ash woodland (WN4) (Alno-Padion, Alnion significant incanae, Salicion effect albae) [91E0] Note: GWD Habitat Typology after Table 5.1 Kilroy et al (2008) in Ryan Hanley (2014a) A = Type A, Groundwater Discharge Zone Wetlands B = Type B, Groundwater Flow-through Depression Wetlands A or B = No available information, based on expert opinion B1 = Where identified by Kilroy et al (2008) as both A and B type. B has been selected as worst-case scenario A# = Type A, Groundwater Discharge Zone Wetlands additionally identified in consultation with NPWS as potentially being impacted by downgradient activities

3.1.4 Summary of screening results The Screening Assessment (JBA, 2014) identified that the sites detailed Section 3.1.1 to 3.1.3 were likely to be significantly affected by drainage maintenance operations undertaken within the Brosna Arterial Drainage Scheme. These conclusions are based on the assumption that all drainage maintenance activities are to be undertaken on all watercourses, embankments and structures during the life of the plan (2019-2023). Channels, Embankments, Bridges and Sluices of this Scheme that are included in this screening and their pathways of impact relevant to each Natura 2000 site are in Appendix H. From this screening exercise it has been determined that significant likely effects may arise on Natura 2000 sites as a result of OPW drainage maintenance activities, as shown in Table 3-8. Table 3-10 Screening Assessment Conclusions (JBA, 2014)

Site Pathway of Impact Comment Surface Land and Groundwater Water Air YES YES YES The assessment has determined that drainage maintenance activities may impact on oak woodland via land and Charleville Wood air pathways, and Desmoulin’s Whorl SAC (000571) Snail may be impacted via surface water, land and air and groundwater pathways. YES YES YES The assessment has determined that drainage maintenance activities may impact on active raised bogs and degraded raised bogs via land and air, Clara Bog SAC and groundwater pathways. (000572) Depressions on peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion may be impacted via land and air pathways and bog woodland may be impacted via surface and groundwater pathways. The orchid-rich grassland habitats on

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Site Pathway of Impact Comment Surface Land and Groundwater Water Air this site will be unaffected. NO YES YES The assessment has determined that Clonaslee Eskers drainage maintenance activities may and Derry Bog impact on alkaline fens and Geyer’s SAC (000859) Whorl Snail via all three pathways. NO NO YES The assessment has determined that Ferbane Bog SAC drainage maintenance activities may (000575) impact on active and degraded raised bogs via groundwater pathways only YES YES YES The assessment has determined that Lough Ennell SAC drainage maintenance activities may (000685) impact on alkaline fens via all three pathways. YES YES YES The assessment has determined that drainage maintenance activities may impact on White-clawed Crayfish via surface water and land and air pathways. Alkaline fens and transition Lough Owel SAC mires and quaking bogs may be (000688) impacted via groundwater pathways and hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of Chara spp may be impacted via surface water pathways. NO NO YES The assessment has determined that Moyclare Bog drainage maintenance activities may SAC (000581) impact on active and degraded raised bogs via groundwater pathways. YES YES YES The assessment has determined that River Shannon drainage maintenance activities may Callows SAC impact on a range of qualifying (000216) interests via different pathways. NO YES NO The assessment has determined that Split Hills and drainage maintenance activities may Long Hill Esker impact on Semi-natural dry grasslands SAC (001831) and scrubland facies on calcareous substrates via land and air pathways. YES YES YES The assessment has determined that a number of bird species for which the SPA is designated may be impacted upon by drainage maintenance Lough Ennell SPA activities affecting the supporting (004044) habitats via surface water and groundwater pathways. The bird species may also be impacted via land and air pathways. YES YES NO The assessment has determined that a number of bird species for which the SPA is designated may be impacted Lough Owel SPA upon by drainage maintenance (004047) activities affecting the supporting lake habitat via surface water pathways. The bird species may also be impacted via land and air pathways.

Middle Shannon YES YES YES The assessment has determined that Callows SPA a number of bird species for which the (004096) SPA is designated may be impacted upon by drainage maintenance

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Site Pathway of Impact Comment Surface Land and Groundwater Water Air activities affecting Molinia meadows and lowland hay meadows via groundwater pathways. The bird species may also be impacted via land and air pathways. Note: Y = likely significant effect N = no likely significant effect

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4 Existing Environment

4.1 General This section summarises the findings of the ecological walkover surveys of channels relative to the proposed works for the Brosna Arterial Drainage Maintenance Scheme (2018-2022). Ecological walkover surveys were conducted between 20-23 August 2018 on sections of the Brosna River and drainage channels that are adjacent to or within Natura 2000 sites. The Brosna River, the third largest tributary of the River Shannon, rises to the south of Lough Owel and north west of Mullingar. It flows through Mullingar to Lough Ennell. From Lough Ennell it flows in a south westerly direction through the towns of Kilbeggan, Clara, Ballycumber, Pullough and Ferbane (where the Silver River joins it) before meeting the Shannon at Shannon Harbour. The Brosna River is classified as Poor Status (Q value 2-3) near Mullingar. This improves to Moderate Status (Q value 3-4) south of Lough Ennell, to Good Status (Q value 4) near Ferbane (EPA, 2018). The Brosna River lies in a protected nutrient sensitive area south of Mullingar (WFD, 2010) The river is known for its Brown Trout fisheries as well as for Salmon and Grisle. As part of the Arterial Drainage Scheme in the 1940s and 1950s the river was widened and deepened to resolve drainage issues.

4.2 Ecology - Overview Thirty Fossitt Habitats (Table 4-1) were identified during the ecological walkover survey, with several mixed or mosaic habitats of those described. The most common habitat present is improved agricultural grassland. Of the 30 habitats, there were five potential Annex I habitats recorded. • Old sessile Oak woods with Ilex and Blechnum in the British Isles (91AO) • Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae) [91E0] • Alkaline fens 7230 • European dry heaths (4030) • Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies on calcareous substrates (Festuco Brometalia) (*important orchid sites) (6210)

Evidence of protected species recorded within the survey area include Otter Lutra lutra, Badger Meles meles and Kingfisher Alcedo atthis. Otter are protected under the Habitats Directive and are Annex II Listed. Evidence of Otter holts and spraints were observed. An abandoned sett indicated previous presence of Badger, protected under the 1976 Wildlife Act (and amendments). Evidence of Kingfisher Alcedo atthis, an Amber Listed bird under the Birds Directive, were observed by sight. Potential habitat was recorded for Lamprey ammocoetes. Lamprey are Annex II listed. Non-native invasive plant species recorded were Japanese Knotweed Fallopia japonica, and the aquatic species Canadian Pondweed Elodea canadensis. Zebra Mussel Dreissena (Dreissena) polymorpha, an invasive faunal species, was also recorded.

4.3 Ecological Walkover Survey Results Ecological walkover surveys were conducted between 20-23 August 2018. The full ecological survey extent is shown in Appendix G. Habitats recorded adjacent to the River Brosna are found in Table 4-1 and are described below. A complete GIS database containing all species and habitats identified during the walkover surveys, including those relevant to the NIS and those not relevant but ecologically significant or protected under other legislation, has been provided separately to the OPW.

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Table 4-1 Fossitt Habitats identified during ecological walkover surveys

Fossitt Habitat name Links to potential Annex I habitats code FL4 Mesotrophic lakes FW2 Depositing lowland river FW3 Canals FL8 Other artificial lakes and ponds FW4 Drainage ditches FS1 Reed swamp WL1 Hedgerow WL2 Treeline WS1 Scrub WD1 (Mixed) broadleaved woodland WD4 Conifer plantation WD3 (Mixed) conifer woodland Old sessile oak woods with Ilex and Blechnum in the British Isles WN1 Oak-birch-holly woodland (91A0) WN2 Oak-ash-hazel woodland 91EO Alluvial forests with alder (Alnus glutinosa) and ash (Fraxinus excelsior) (Alno-Padion, WN4 Wet pedunculate oak-ash woodland Alnion incanae, Salicion albae) WN5 Riparian Woodland 91EO Alluvial forests with alder (Alnus glutinosa) and ash (Fraxinus excelsior) (Alno-Padion, WN6 Wet willow-alder-ash woodland Alnion incanae, Salicion albae) WN7 Bog woodland WS2 Immature woodland WS5 Recently-felled woodland PB1 Raised bog PB4 Cutover bog GA1 Improved agricultural grassland Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies on calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometea) GS1 Dry calcareous and neutral grassland (*important orchid sites) (6210) GS2 Dry meadows and grassy verges GS4 Wet grassland GM1 Marsh HH2 Dry calcareous heath European dry heaths (4030) Raised Bog Cutover bog PF1 Rich fen and flush Alkaline fens (7230) BC1 Arable crops

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Habitats that are common to all sites are given a general description, and those that are more specific to particular Natura 2000 sites are described in to more detail below.

FL4 -Mesotrophic lakes Lough Ennell is a large mesotrophic lake located south of Mullingar Figure 4-1. A smaller mesotrophic lake was recorded in Charleville Wood, east of Clodiagh River and south of the N52 and Tullamore town.

Figure 4-1 : FL4 - Lough Ennell

FW2 - Depositing lowland river Several sections of rivers were surveyed, and descriptions of the locations are described below. The Brosna rises south of Lough Owel and flows southwards through Lough Ennell and on to Shannon bridge, where it flows into the Shannon. At Shannon Bridge the Brosna river is deeply channelised, with Yellow Water Lily Nuphar lutea, Water Mint Mentha aquatica and Branched Bur- reed Sparganium erectum occurring as marginal vegetation. The Shannon River is wider than the Brosna (Figure 4-2) and is bound by pockets of alluvial islands with Common Reed Phragmites australis and Common Club-rush Schoenoplectus lacustris reedbeds. Tullamore River C10(1) is relatively heavily shaded for much of its length in the section surveyed, with steep u-shaped banks. However, substrate is almost all gravels and cobble and of good quality despite historical drainage, with many areas clean. Salmonid spawning conditions are good with brown trout frequently observed. Macrophytes limited instream. Siltation rates are low despite upstream grazing pressures. Abundant instream rubbish/litter was observed during the surveys .

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Figure 4-2 Shannon Harbour with wooded island with Reed beds The Clodiagh River C8(1) (Figure 4-3) is a historically straightened and deepened river with bedded gravels dominated by shallow glide and riffle with localised deep pools. Brown trout were visible and some moderate to good spawning areas remain locally.

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Figure 4-3 FW2 - Clodiagh River

FW3 - Canals The Grand Canal also meets the River Shannon at Shannon Bridge.

FL8 -Other artificial lakes and ponds A small artificial pond <50 m² surrounded by scrub was recorded in Charleville Woods.

FW4 -Drainage ditches Drainage ditches (Figure 4-4) run throughout the Brosna drainage scheme. Typical flora includes Brooklime Veronica beccabunga, Common Ragwort Senecio jacobaea, Marsh thistle Cirsium palustre, Gypsywort Lycopus europaeus, Marsh Willowherb Epilobium palustre, Creeping Thistle Cirsium arvense, Nettle, Marsh Woundwort Stachys palustris, Water Mint, Great Willowherb Epilobium hirsutum, Marsh Ragwort Senecio aquaticus, Curled Dock Rumex crispus ssp. crispus and Water Figwort Scrophularia auriculata along channel margins. Other drainage channels commonly had Common Reed, Reed Canary-grass Phalaris arundinacea, Unbranched Bur-reed and Bottle Sedge Carex rostrata, with Fool's Water-cress Apium nodiflorum and Water Starwort Callitriche spp instream.

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Figure 4-4: FW4 - Drainage ditch

FS1 - Reed swamp Strips of Common Reed were recorded along drainage ditches and Common Reed beds were recorded along the edges of the rivers at the Shannon and Brosna river confluence and the Brosna and Lough Ennell confluence (Figure 4-5).

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Figure 4-5 FS1 - Reed swamp

WL1 - Hedgerow Hedgerows were found throughout the survey area, bordering predominately improved agricultural grassland. Blackthorn Prunus spinosa, Hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, Willow Salix spp. and Elder Sambucus nigra were common as well as Gorse Ulex spp., Downy-Birch Betula pubescens and Bramble Rubus fruticosa agg. in places.

WL2 - Treeline Treelines were found parallel to ditches and along field boundaries, sometimes intermittently. Species included Ash Fraxinus excelsior, Alder Alnus glutinosa, Hawthorn, Blackthorn, Downy Birch and Willow species

WS1 - Scrub Scrub were common throughout the surveyed areas, sometimes as linear areas beside coniferous woodland. Species included Willow, Ash, Gorse and Bracken Pteridium aquilinum and graded into dry grassland in places, with Creeping Thistle, Bramble, Hawthorn, Wild Carrot Daucus carota, Meadowsweet Filipendula ulmaria. Other species included Rosebay Willowherb Chamerion angustifolium, Yarrow Achillea millefolium, False Oat-grass Arrhenatherum elatius, Perennial Sowthistle Sonchus arvensis, Purple Loosestrife Lythrum salicaria, Curled Dock, Wild Angelica Angelica sylvestri and Devil-bit Scabious Succisa pratensis.

WD1 - (Mixed) Broadleaved woodland Areas of broadleaved woodland (Figure 4-6) was recorded in several locations and sometimes as a linear strip of Hazel with Ash, Holly Ilex aquifolium and Blackthorn along channel margins, with a scrubby understorey of Ground-ivy Glechoma hederacea, Ivy Hedera helix, Bramble and Nipplewort Lapsana communis. A Beech Fagus sylvatica dominated woodland with occasional Ash, Hawthorn and Horse Chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum was recorded within the Charleville estate.

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Figure 4-6: WD1 - (Mixed) broadleaved woodland

WD4 - Conifer plantation Several conifer plantations were recorded during the surveys adjacent to Clonaslee Eskers and Derry Bog SAC, Lough Ennel SAC and Charleville Wood SAC. Sitka Spruce Picea sitchensi were the most common conifer recorded, intermixed with Lodgepole Pine Pinus contorta in places. Ground flora was typically limited. Hazel and occasional Ash, Downy Birch, Oak Quercus spp., Willow, Holly, Hazel Corylus avellana, Blackthorn and Gorse fringed the plantations.

WN1- Oak-birch-holly woodland An area of Downy Birch-dominated woodland over boggy soils with occasional Grey Willow was recorded near Clara Bog. A similar woodland of Downey Birch was recorded near Lough Ennell on boggy soils with Holly, Sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus, Rowan and some Pedunculate Oak Quercus robur. Tussocks of Purple Moor-grass Molinia caerulea, Soft Shield-fern Polystitchum setiferum, Broad Buckler-fern Dryopteris dilatata, Herb Robert Geranium robertianum, Bramble, Bracken and Honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum were also recorded. Both these areas of Oak woodland were recorded as potential Annex I habitat Old sessile oak woods with Ilex and Blechnum in the British Isles (91A0) but were poor quality forms of the habitat.

WN2 - Oak-ash -hazel woodland Examples of oak-ash-hazel woodland were recorded at a number of locations. A Hazel dominated woodland with mature Ash, Elder and Willow was recorded at Split Hills Esker. At Charleville Wood a degraded Oak-Ash woodland with Sycamore and Cherry Laurel Prunus laurocerasu encroachment was recorded (Figure 4-7), and on the eastern shores of Lough Ennell a mature Oak-Hazel woodland with heavily grazed understory was seen.

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Figure 4-7: WN2 - Degraded Oak-ash -hazel woodland

WN4 - Wet pedunculate oak-ash woodland- Wet woodland was recorded in a number of locations in Charleville Wood, particularly near the lake where Ash dominated. Hazel was more frequent near the river, with occasional Wych Elm Ulmus glabra and Horse Chestnut. Ground flora was wetter and more scrub-like with Common Polypody Polypodium vulgare, Broad Buckler-fern, False Brome Brachypodium sylvaticum, Pendulous Sedge Carex pendula, Elder, Hawthorn, Hart's tongue Fern Asplenium scolopendrium, Enchanter's- nightshade Circaea lutetiana, Ground Ivy and frequent Bramble. This habitat is considered potential Alluvial forests with alder (Alnus glutinosa) and ash (Fraxinus excelsior) (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae) [91EO].

WN5 - Riparian Woodland Riparian woodland was recorded on islands at the Shannon and Brosna river confluence, with Grey Willow Salix cinerea subsp. oleifolia, Osier Salix viminalis , White Willow Salix alba and occasional Alder dominant.

WN6 - Wet willow-alder-ash woodland Areas of wet willow-alder-ash woodland (Figure 4-8) were recorded in Charleville Wood, on the shores of Lough Ennell, and at Shannon Harbour. This habitat has also been recorded as potential Annex I Alluvial forests with alder (Alnus glutinosa) and ash (Fraxinus excelsior) (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae) [91EO]. Wet woodland of Alder, Ash & Willow with Greater Pond Sedge Carex riparia in understory, was recorded on either side of Channel C8(7) in Charleville Wood to the east of the lake. On the western shores of Lough Ennell at the lake end of channel C39(1) a large area of wet Alder- Willow woodland was recorded with frequent Ash, Hawthorn, with some Holly, Wych Elm, Sycamore, Guelder-rose Viburnum opulus and Blackthorn. A smaller more scattered and sparse area of wet woodland was recorded on alkaline fen at the lake end of channel C40(1). The woodland is dominated by Willow with Alder, Ash, Blackthorn, Guelder- rose and Bramble with common reed encroaching on margins

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Wet woodland was also recorded at Shannon Harbour.

Figure 4-8: WN6 - Wet Willow-Alder-Ash woodland

WN7 - Bog woodland Bog woodland was recorded adjacent to Clonaslee Eskers and Derry Bog SAC and Lough Ennell SAC. An area of Downy Birch, and Willow woodland on cut-over bog occurred on the left bank of Channel C3(13), between the channel and the raised bog habitat of Derry Bog. Other species included Hawthorn, Blackthorn, occasional Ash and Sitka spruce with patches of Blackthorn-Bracken- Bramble scrub on borders. Less dense areas of scrub supported Meadowsweet, Rosebay Willowherb, Yarrow, False Oat-grass, Perennial Sowthistle, Purple Loosestrife, Curled Dock, Creeping Thistle, Angelica and Devil's bit scabious Succisa pratensis. Bog woodland was also recorded as scattered area of willow and downy birch on peaty soils near Lough Ennell.

WS2 - Immature woodland A plantation of Oak (2.5m high) with understory of False oat grass, Cock's-foot grass Dactylis glomerata, Meadow Vetchling Lathyrus pratensis, Purple Loosestrife and Hemp Agrimony Eupatorium cannabinum was recorded close to Charleville Wood

WS5 - Recently-felled woodland An area of recently felled conifer plantation with some scattered Norway Spruce Picea abies was recorded at the north of Lough Ennell near some unfelled conifer plantation. The area is recolonising with Rosebay Willowherb, Foxglove Digitalis purpurea, Bracken, Willow and Downy Birch.

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GA1 - Improved agricultural grassland Improved agricultural grassland was the most common habitat in nearly all surveyed areas.

GS1 - Dry calcareous and neutral grassland Dry grassland was recorded on the eastern side of Lough Ennel (Figure 4-9). Species included Eyebright Euphrasia micrantha, Common Knapweed Centaurea nigra, Sweet Vernal Grass Anthoxanthum odoratum, Silverweed Potentilla anserina, Meadow Buttercup Ranunculus acris, Common Bird's Foot Trefoil Lotus corniculatus, Crested Dog's-tail Cynosurus cristatus, Cock's Foot, Timothy Phleum pratense, Common Bent Agrostis capillaris and Quaking-grass Briza media. This habitat is also recorded as the Annex 1 habitat Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies on calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometea) (*important orchid sites) (6210).

Figure 4-9: GS1 - Dry calcareous and neutral grassland

GS2 - Dry meadows & grassy verges Areas of dry grassland was recorded on many of the steep banks of the channels and on the strips along the top of the banks that were fenced off. Species included Spear Thistle Cirsium vulgare, Creeping Thistle, False Oat-grass, Marsh Woundwort, Purple Loosestrife, Willowherb, Wild carrot, as well as Bracken and Bramble. Reed Canary-grass and Common Reed were present locally in the channels.

GS4 - Wet grassland Areas of wet grassland were typically dominated by Yellow flag Iris pseudacorus, and Rushes Juncus spp. Other vegetation included Creeping-bent, Meadow foxtail Alopecurus pratensis, Curled Dock, Silverweed, Meadow Buttercup, Marsh Ragwort, Lesser stitchwort Stellaria graminea and Marsh Thistle. These grasslands were often grazed by cattle.

GM1 - Marsh An area of marsh was recorded near Lough Ennell.

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HH2 - Dry calcareous heath An unusual area of dry calcareous heath (Figure 4-10) was recorded close to Clonaslee Eskers and Derry Bog. Purple Moor-grass dominated with abundant Ling Heather Calluna vulgaris as well as frequent Downy Birch was recorded near the junction of channel C3(13) and C3(13C). Other species included Silverweed, Rosebay Willowherb and Bracken with Purple Loosestrife, False Oat- grass, Common bent, Cock's-foot grass, Meadowsweet and Plantain Plantago spp. at the edges. This habitat was recorded as the Annex 1 habitat European dry heaths (4030).

Figure 4-10: HH2 - Dry heath

PB1 - Raised bog (degraded) An area of degraded raised bog habitat was recorded on Derry Bog. This habitat is adjacent to the Annex I habitat *Active raised bogs (7110) of Derry Bog SAC.

PB4 - Cutover bog A large area of degraded (cutover) raised bog were recorded on Derry Bog. Many areas were recolonising with plant species such as Purple Moor-grass, Common Bent, Cottongrass Eriophorum angustifolium, Cat's-ear Hypochaeris radicata, Yarrow, Perennial Sowthistle, Silverweed, Devil's- bit Scabious and Meadowsweet. The bog was divided into blocks by drains with Bracken, Downy Birch, Heather and Willow scrub growing along the drains.

PF1 - Rich fen and flush Fen habitats were recorded in two SACs; Clonaslee Eskers and Derry Bog SAC and Lough Ennell SAC. The fen habitat recorded is equivalent to the Annex 1 habitat Alkaline fens [7230]. Two areas of species-rich alkaline fen were recorded adjacent to C3(13C) and C3(13F) within Clonaslee Eskers and Derry Bog SAC. Plant species were dominated by Black Bog-rush Schoenus nigricans and Purple Moor-grass with abundant Bogbean Menyanthes trifoliata in wetter areas plus Bog-myrtle Myrica gale, Meadowsweet, Angelica, Perennial Sowthistle, Devil's-bit Scabious, Tufted Vetch Vicia cracca, Soft Rush Juncus effusus, Water Mint, Silverweed, Quaking Grass, Marsh Thistle, Common Knapweed Centaurea nigra, with occasional Ling Heather and Cranberry Vaccinium oxycoccos. Common Reed was scattered throughout. Yellow-wort Blackstonia perfoliata

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was present locally, as was Common Butterwort Pinguicula vulgaris. Patches of Gorse/Willow scrub was frequent. Large area of alkaline fen occurred on the shores of shores of Lough Ennell (Figure 4-11). Fen habitat supported a wide diversity of plants such as Marsh Lousewort Pedicularis palustris, Grass- of-Parnassus Parnassia palustris, Zigzag Clover Trifolium medium , Quaking-grass, Devi'ls-bit Scabious, Hemp Agrimony, Marsh pennywort Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Bogbean, Square-stalked St John's-wort Hypericum tetrapterum, Pink Water-speedwell Veronica catenata, Water Forget-me- not Myosotis scorpioides, Water Mint, Marsh Woundwort, Water Horsetail Equisetum fluviatile, Black Bog-rush, Purple Looestrife, Common Butterwort, Marsh Ragwort, Silverweed, Juncus spp., Meadow Foxtail, Eyebright, Red Bartsia Odontites vernu, Tufted Vetch, Meadow Vetchling Lathyrus pratensis, Marsh Willowherb, Black Medick Medicago lupulina, Yellow Rattle Rhinanthus minor with some Yellow Flag. Bottle Sedge, Glaucous Sedge Carex flacca, Long-stalked Yellow Sedge Carex viridula ssp. brachyrrhyncha and Purple Moor-grass were also present. The nationally scarce Marsh Pea Lathyrus palustris was also recorded locally. Common frog was super-abundant in this habitat.

Figure 4-11: PF1 - Fen habitat

BC1 Arable crops Arable crops of flax and cabbage were occasionally recorded.

4.4 Flora There were no plant species listed under the Flora (Protection) Order 2015 found during the ecological walkover surveys. Protected flora identified on the NBDC (2018) website present within approximately 10 km of the survey area includes Fir Clubmoss Huperzia selago, Red Hemp-nettle Galeopsis angustifolia and Large White-moss Leucobryum glaucum. The species are listed in Appendix B. A freshwater sponge was recorded instream during the survey (Figure 4-12).

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.

Figure 4-12: Freshwater sponge (unidentified)

4.5 Fauna Evidence of ecologically sensitive fauna found in the various survey areas during ecological surveys is described in the following sections. Records of protected fauna includes invertebrates, amphibians birds and mammals collated from the NBDC (2018) database, present within the surrounding 10 km within the past 10 years. This table includes their level of protection, if they are red or amber listed on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) Red List and the date of the last record of this species at this location.

4.5.1 Invertebrates Marsh Fritillary Euphydryas aurinia and Desmoulin's Whorl Snail Vertigo Vertigo moulinsiana, Annex II listed species under the EU Habitats Directive, have been recorded within 10km of the Scheme in the past 10 years (Appendix B).

4.5.2 Aquatic species The following Qualifying Species are known to occur in the Brosna catchment; Brook Lamprey Lampetra planeri, River Lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis and Salmon Salmo salar. During the ecological walkover survey, some areas in the river were noted as potential pooling sites for salmon. A location with high potential for Lamprey ammocoetes in soft sediment was recorded at the confluence of C8(9) and the Clodiagh River (Figure 4-13). Freshwater White-clawed Crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes has been recorded within 10km of the Scheme in the past 10 years (Appendix B).

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Figure 4-13: Potential Lamprey habitat C8(9)

4.5.3 Mammals Evidence of protected mammal species recorded within the survey area include Otter Lutra lutra, and Badger Meles meles. Otter are protected under the Habitats Directive and are Annex II and IV Listed. Badger are protected under the1976 Wildlife Act and (amendments). An excavated Otter holt was recorded on channel C3(13C) (Figure 4-14) and on the east bank of the Clodiagh River and south channel C8(7). Otter spraint were recorded in several locations along channel C8(1).

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Figure 4-14: Excavated Otter holt channel C1(1)

4.5.4 Birds A number of Kingfisher sightings were recorded in different areas of the survey. Two pairs of Kingfisher were sighted on channel C3(13C) and C10(1), and single sightings on channel C8(1) and C38(1). Kingfisher is an Amber Listed bird under the Birds Directive. Habitats where Kingfisher were observed included overhanging trees and shallow river with pools. A single Kingfisher was observed perched on a fencepost at a cattle drinking area. A tern nesting area was recorded within 150m of channel C42(1) as the channel nears Lough Ennel. All protected birds recorded in the survey area in the past 10 years can be found in Appendix B.

4.6 Non-native Invasive Species

4.6.1 Flora Two plant species, Canadian Pondweed Elodea canadensis (an aquatic species), and Japanese Knotweed Fallopia japonica were the only non-native invasive plant species listed on the third schedule of the EC (Birds and Natural Habitats) Regulations 2011 S.I. No. 477/2011 recorded during the survey. Species listed under S.I. No. 477/2011 are subject to restrictions under Regulations 49 and 50 of the 2011 Regulations (S.I. No. 477/2011 - European Communities (Birds and Natural Habitats) Regulations 2011. 2011). This includes a prohibition on the introduction and dispersal of these species. Japanese Knotweed was recorded in two locations (Figure 4-15); a large stand (30m²) was recorded adjacent to a Waste Water Treatment Plant near Channel C8(1), and alongside a path near C45(1). Other invasive plant species recorded were occasional Snowberry Symphoricarpos albus, Montbretia Crocosmia x crocosmiiflora and Cherry Laurel Prunus laurocerasu, all recorded on channel C8(1).

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See Appendix C for records of non-native invasive species from the National Biodiversity Data Centre database search within 10 km of the Brosna River within the last 10 years.

Figure 4-15: Japanese knotweed Canadian Pondweed Elodea canadensis was recorded in a number of channels; C1(1), C3(13), C35(2) and C37(1).

4.6.2 Fauna Zebra Mussel Dreissena (Dreissena) polymorpha was the only faunal species listed on the third schedule of the EC (Birds and Natural Habitats) Regulations 2011 S.I. No. 477/2011 recorded during the survey. It was recorded in channel C35(2) at the confluence of the Brosna River and Lough Ennell.

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5 Natura 2000 sites within the Zone of Influence of the works/scheme

5.1 Introduction This chapter provides baseline information on the Natura 2000 sites within the Zone of Influence of the drainage maintenance activities (i.e. that screened into the assessment as detailed in Section 3. Sites include: • Clonaslee Eskers And Derry Bog SAC (000859) • Lough Owel SAC (000688) • Lough Owel SPA (004047) • Middle Shannon Callows SPA (004096) • River Shannon Callows SAC (000216) • Clara Bog SAC (000572) • Split Hills and Long Hill Esker SAC (001831) • Charleville Wood SAC (000571) • Lough Ennell SAC (000685) • Lough Ennell SPA (004044) • Ferbane Bog SAC (000575) • Moyclare Bog SAC (000581

A short description for each site is provided, along with details of the qualifying interest/special conservation interests within the zone of influence. Full site synopses are available on the NPWS website (NPWS, 2018). Conservation objectives, the attributes used to define favourable conservation status and site vulnerabilities are detailed in Appendix A. However, for many sites, site specific conservation objectives have not yet been developed for the qualifying interest/special conservation interest present. In these instances, attributes have been taken from similar or nearby sites where the same qualifying interest/special conservation interests, or from similar habitats/species, and these are assumed to be appropriate for the sites detailed. Some qualifying interests that were in the original AA screening (JBA 2014), are no longer of conservation interest and are therefore excluded. The location of the Natura 2000 sites are shown in Figure 5-1, where it can be seen that the proposed works are located within or adjacent to the Natura 2000 sites. The main potential impacts posed by the proposed project relate to impacts during construction via surface water, land and air and groundwater pathways to the SAC.

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Figure 5-1: Natura 2000 sites and Site Location

5.2 Clonaslee Eskers And Derry Bog SAC (000859) This site comprises a series of glacial esker ridges situated c.5 km west of the town of Clonaslee and to the north of the Slieve Bloom Mountains. Calcareous grassland, mostly unimproved, is a principal habitat and is noted for high species diversity. Calcareous springs at the base of the esker ridges have resulted in the formation of alkaline fen. Native deciduous woodland also occurs on the ridges. A raised bog, Derry Bog, now mostly cutaway, is included in site. Owing to the diversity of habitats present, the site is noted for its unusual mixture of calcicole and calcifuge species. The alkaline fen at this site is a good representative of the habitat and has a diverse flora. The site contains a relict population of Geyer's Whorl Snail Vertigo geyeri and is one of a small number of known sites for this mollusc in the country. The site also contains two legally protected and Red Data plant species, Wood Bitter-vetch Vicia orobus and Basil Thyme Acinos arvensis, plus a number of scarce species such as Blue Fleabane Erigeron acer, Blue Moorgrass Sesleria albicans and Fly Orchid Ophrys insectifera. (source NPWS, 2017a)

5.2.1 Qualifying Interests The site is a SAC selected for the following habitats and/or species listed on Annex I / II of the E.U. Habitats Directive (* = priority; numbers in brackets are Natura 2000 codes): • Alkaline Fens [7230] • Geyer's Whorl Snail (Vertigo geyeri) [1013]

5.2.2 Conservation Objective The conservation objective for Clonaslee Eskers and Derry Bog SAC is to maintain or restore favourable conservation condition of the habitats listed as Special Conservation Interests for this SAC (NPWS, 2018b). There are no site-specific conservation objectives for Clonaslee Eskers and

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Derry Bog SAC so attributes for conservation objectives have been taken from similar sites (See Appendix A)

5.2.3 Site Vulnerabilities A significant land use practice within the site is the extraction of gravel. This activity leads directly to destruction of the esker and irreparable damage to the site. Some of the esker grasslands (mostly at the western end) have been improved either for pasture or for arable farming (NPWS, 2013c). Negative threats or pressures identified in the Standard Natura form (NPWS, 2017a) for Clonaslee Eskers and Derry Bog SAC include gravel extraction from the eskers, agricultural improvement (loss of grassland and woodland) and peat cutting.

5.3 Lough Owel SAC (000688) Lough Owel is a large calcareous lake in the Shannon Catchment. It is fed by small streams and springs and is mostly shallow, though has a maximum depth 22m. The water is moderately hard, alkaline and virtually colourless. The lake is relatively unproductive, with low chlorophyll concentrations. Up to 60% of the lake bed is covered by charophyte-dominated vegetation. The shores of the lake are mostly exposed and stony. At the north-west and south-west ends of the lake complexes of wetland vegetation occur, including areas of fen, transition mires, reed swamp, wet woodland and wet grassland. The site is surrounded by fairly intensive farmland and some afforestation. This lake comprises an excellent example of a hard water lake. Charophyte vegetation is well developed and includes some rare species of calcareous waters. The site holds a good population of Austropotamobius pallipes and good examples of transition mires and also some alkaline fen. A number of Red Data plant species and important invertebrate species occur at the site. The site is also an important bird site. Although affected by eutrophication in the late 1970s, the lake has recovered and the quality of the water has apparently since been stable. (Source NPWS 2013d, 2017b)

5.3.1 Qualifying Interests The site is a SAC selected for the following habitats and/or species listed on Annex I / II of the E.U. Habitats Directive (* = priority; numbers in brackets are Natura 2000 codes): • Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of Chara spp. [3140] • Transition Mires [7140] • Alkaline Fens [7230] • White-clawed Crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes) [1092]

5.3.2 Conservation Objective The conservation objective for the SAC is to maintain or restore favourable conservation condition of the habitats listed as Special Conservation Interests for this SAC (NPWS, 2018c). Site-specific conservation objectives are listed in Appendix A.

5.3.3 Site Vulnerabilities Potential threats to the conservation interest of Lough Owel include the increasing level of water supply to Mullingar, overfishing, eutrophication caused by local farming practices and pressure from amenity uses such as boating and fishing (NPWS, 2013). Negative threats or pressures identified in the Standard Natura form (NPWS, 2017b) for Lough Owel SAC are listed in Appendix A.

5.4 Lough Owel SPA (004047) Lough Owel is one of the most important Midland lakes for wintering waterfowl, with nationally important populations of Shoveler (142) and Coot (1,825) - figures given are mean peaks for the five seasons 1995/96-1999/00. The populations for both of these species represent a significant proportion (c. 4.7% and 6.5%) of the respective All-Ireland totals. The lake is utilised by Pochard (291), Tufted Duck (227) and Goldeneye (75). The lake has been used as a roost by the

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internationally important Midland lakes Greenland White-fronted Goose population (200 recorded at the site in 2004/05). The lake also supports populations of Little Grebe (16), Great Crested Grebe (18) and Cormorant (32). Lough Owel is one of the most important fishing lakes in the Midlands and is especially good for Trout. The lake also holds an important population of White-clawed Crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes), a species that is listed on Annex II of the E.U. Habitats Directive. Lough Owel supports nationally important populations of two species, Shoveler and Coot. It is also notable as it is used as a roost site on occasion by the internationally important Midlands Greenland White-fronted Goose flock. Greenland White-fronted Goose is listed on Annex I of the E.U. Birds Directive. Lough Owel is a Ramsar Convention site (NPWS, 2014a)

5.4.1 Qualifying Interests The site is a SPA selected for the following habitats and/or species listed on Annex I / II of the E.U. Habitats Directive (* = priority; numbers in brackets are Natura 2000 codes): • Shoveler (Anas clypeata) [A056] • Coot (Fulica atra) [A125] • Wetland and Waterbirds [A999]

5.4.2 Conservation Objectives The conservation objective for Lough Owel SPA is to maintain or restore favourable conservation condition of the bird species listed as Special Conservation Interests for this SPA (NPWS, 2018d). The favourable conservation status of a species is achieved when: • population dynamics data on the species concerned indicate that it is maintaining itself on a long-term basis as a viable component of its natural habitats, and • the natural range of the species is neither being reduced nor is likely to be reduced for the foreseeable future, and • there is, and will probably continue to be, a sufficiently large habitat to maintain its populations on a long-term basis. The conservation objective of Wetlands and Waterbirds is to maintain or restore the favourable conservation condition of the wetland habitat at Lough Owel SPA as a resource for the regularly- occurring migratory waterbirds that utilise it.

5.4.3 Site Vulnerabilities Negative threats or pressures for Lough Owel SPA include pollution (from agricultural and domestic sources), afforestation and recreational and wildfowling activities, identified in the Standard Natura form (NPWS, 2017c)

5.5 Middle Shannon Callows SPA (004096) The site follows the River Shannon from Athlone, just below Lough Ree, to Portumna, just above Lough Derg, a distance of over 50 km. It includes much of the flood plain of the river, varying in width from approximately 0.5 km to up to 1.5 km in places. A weir at Meelick divides the flooding regime. The main habitat present is humid grassland, improved to varying extents, that is seasonally flooded. The less improved areas are species-rich. The grassland is used mainly for pasture, but some is used for hay-making. The river channel is fringed by swamp and marsh vegetation. There is an extensive system of drainage channels, many of which support a diverse flora. The callows often border raised bogs, some of which are still intact. (NPWS, 2017) The Middle Shannon Callows SPA is an internationally important site that supports an assemblage of over 20,000 wintering waterbirds. It holds internationally important populations of two species - Whooper Swan and Black-tailed Godwit. In addition, there are four species that have wintering populations of national importance. The site also supports a nationally important breeding population of Corncrake. Of particular note is that several of the species which occur regularly are listed on Annex I of the E.U. Birds Directive, i.e. Whooper Swan, Corncrake and Golden Plover. (NPWS, 2012).

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5.5.1 Qualifying Interests The site is a SPA selected for the following habitats and/or species listed on Annex I / II of the E.U. Habitats Directive (* = priority; numbers in brackets are Natura 2000 codes): • Whooper Swan (Cygnus cygnus) [A038] • Wigeon (Anas penelope) [A050] • Corncrake (Crex crex) [A122] • Golden Plover (Pluvialis apricaria) [A140] • Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) [A142] • Black-tailed Godwit (Limosa limosa) [A156] • Black-headed Gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus) [A179] • Wetland and Waterbirds [A999]

5.5.2 Conservation Objective The conservation objective for Middle Shannon Callows SPA is to maintain or restore favourable conservation condition of the bird species listed as Special Conservation Interests for this SPA (NPWS, 2018e). The favourable conservation status of a species is achieved when: • population dynamics data on the species concerned indicate that it is maintaining itself on a long-term basis as a viable component of its natural habitats, and • the natural range of the species is neither being reduced nor is likely to be reduced for the foreseeable future, and • there is, and will probably continue to be, a sufficiently large habitat to maintain its populations on a long-term basis. The conservation objective of Wetlands and Waterbirds is to maintain or restore the favourable conservation condition of the wetland habitat at Middle Shannon Callows SPA as a resource for the regularly-occurring migratory waterbirds that utilise it.

5.5.3 Site Vulnerabilities Negative threats or pressures identified in the Standard Natura form (NPWS, 2017d) for Middle Shannon Callows SPA include agricultural improvement (drainage), summer flooding and wildfowling.

5.6 River Shannon Callows SAC (000216) The River Shannon is the largest river in Ireland, and its central route drains a large percentage of the whole country. It has proved too powerful to be tamed by drainage schemes in the past, and this central section is still free to flood the surrounding lowlands in winter. It is a well-used agricultural resource of low intensity during the summer. This floodplain functions as a semi-natural meadow/marsh habitat (used for grazing or hay-making). There is an extensive system of surface drains. The site is linear, running for about 50 km, at an average width of about 0.75 km (but reaching 1.5 km in several places). For about half its length it borders raised bogs, most of which are in the process of large-scale peat harvesting. Esker ridges lie adjacent to the callows in some places. There are areas of both relict and active levees. A weir at Meelick divides the flooding regime. Ecological diversity is caused and maintained by multiple ownership, variation in the flooding regime due to the topography of the callows, hundreds of kilometres of drainage ditches, differences in the amount of peat and alluvium in the soils and by the extensive nature of the site. The main habitat on the site is humid grassland managed for hay and pasture and these areas have the same management regime as the lowland hay meadows and Molinia meadows. (NPWS, 2017) The Shannon Callows has by far the largest area of lowland semi-natural grassland and associated aquatic habitats in Ireland, and one in which there is least disturbance of natural wetland processes. Botanically, it is extremely diverse with two legally protected species of plants and many scarce species. Excellent examples of two habitats listed on Annex I of the E.U. Habitats Directive occur within the site – Molinia meadows and lowland hay meadows with good examples of a further two Annex habitats (both with priority status). In winter the site is internationally important for numbers

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and species of waterfowl. In spring it feeds large numbers of birds on migration, and in summer it holds very large numbers of breeding waders, rare breeding birds and the endangered Corncrake, as well as a very wide variety of more common grassland and wetland birds. The presence of Otter, an Annex II species, adds further importance to the site. (NPWS, 2013e).

5.6.1 Qualifying Interests The site is a SAC selected for the following habitats and/or species listed on Annex I / II of the E.U. Habitats Directive (* = priority; numbers in brackets are Natura 2000 codes): • Molinia meadows on calcareous, peaty or clayey-silt-laden soils (Molinion caeruleae) [6410] • Lowland hay meadows (Alopecurus pratensis, Sanguisorba officinalis) [6510] • Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae) [91E0] • Lutra lutra (Otter) [1355]

5.6.2 Conservation Objective The conservation objective for the SAC is to maintain or restore favourable conservation condition of the habitats listed as Special Conservation Interests for this SAC (NPWS, 2018f). There are no site-specific conservation objectives for River Shannon Callows SAC so attributes for conservation objectives have been taken from similar sites (see Appendix A).

5.6.3 Site Vulnerabilities Intermittent and scattered damage to the habitats has occurred due to over-deepening of drains and peat silt deposition, water-skiing, ploughing and neglect of hay meadow (or reversion to pasture). However, none of these damaging activities can yet be said to be having a serious impact. Threats to the quality of the site may come from the siting of boating marinas in areas away from centres of population, fertilising of botanically-rich fields, the use of herbicides, reversion of hay meadow to pasture, neglect of pasture and hay meadow, disturbance of birds by boaters, anglers, birdwatchers and the general tourist (NPWS, 2013). Negative threats or pressures identified in the Standard Natura form (NPWS, 2017e) for River Shannon Callows SAC include agricultural improvement (drainage), summer flooding and wildfowling.

5.7 Clara Bog SAC (000572) Clara Bog is situated some 2 km south of Clara village in Co. Offaly. Much of it is State-owned and designated a statutory Nature Reserve. It has long been regarded as one of the most important raised bogs in the country, being the largest remaining example of the true midland sub-type, which contains examples of the Annex I habitats active raised bog, degraded raised bog, bog woodland, depressions on peat substrates (Rhynchosporion) and orchid-rich calcareous grassland. One of the most unusual features of the bog is the presence of an infilling lake which supports mesotrophic fen vegetation. There is an associated soak area which is dominated by a well- developed wet birch woodland. This area of bog woodland is one of the best examples of the habitat in the country and supports a rich invertebrate flora which includes the midge Parhelophilus consimilis and a click beetle Ampedus pomorum. The moss Tetraplodon angustatus has its only Irish station on the bog while it is also the last known site for the vascular plant species Scheuchzeria palustris (transplanted to the site and now thought to be extinct). The site also supports breeding Merlin (1-2 pairs), a scarce species in Ireland and one that is listed on Annex I of the E.U. Birds Directive. Red Grouse also breeds, along with other common bogland species such as Meadow Pipit and Skylark. Clara Bog has been subject to detailed hydrological and ecological studies. Clara Bog has long been regarded as one of the most important raised bogs in the country, being the largest remaining example of the true midland sub-type. It has well-developed hummock and hollow complexes, and one of the few remaining soak systems. The bog vegetation at this site has been much-studied. Variations in the proportions of bog mosses (Sphagnum spp.), Heather (Calluna vulgaris) and cottongrasses (Eriophorum spp.) have been related to ecological features such as pools, soaks and ridges. (Source: NPWS, 2015a; NPWS, 2017f)

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5.7.1 Qualifying Interests The site is a SAC selected for the following habitats and/or species listed on Annex I / II of the E.U. Habitats Directive (* = priority; numbers in brackets are Natura 2000 codes): • Active raised bogs [7110] • Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration [7120] • Depressions on peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion [7150] • Bog woodland [91D0]

5.7.2 Conservation Objectives The conservation objective for Clara Bog SAC is to maintain or restore favourable conservation condition of the qualifying interests (Annex I Habitats, Annex II or IV species) of the site. The attributes and targets of the qualifying interests within the Zone of influence are listed below in Appendix A. The full list of Conservation Objectives are available from NPWS website (NPWS, 2016). The long-term aim for Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration is that its peat-forming capability is re-established; therefore, the conservation objective for this habitat is inherently linked to that of Active raised bogs (7110) and a separate conservation objective has not been set in Clara Bog SAC. Depressions on peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion is an integral part of good quality Active raised bogs (7110) and thus a separate conservation objective has not been set for the habitat in Clara Bog SAC (NPWS, 2016).

5.7.3 Site Vulnerabilities The eastern part of the site has been damaged by previous drainage works, although restoration work is in progress. Continuing peat extraction from the southern margins is also damaging and has a potential effect upon much of the internal bog, including the soak system. Ideally the whole bog should be managed as a hydrological unit (NPWS, 2015) Negative threats or pressures identified in the Standard Natura form (NPWS, 2017f) for Clara Bog SAC include peat cutting, drainage and agricultural improvement.

5.8 Split Hills and Long Hill Esker SAC (001831) Split Hills and Long Hill Esker is a 5 km long site which crosses the main Galway-Dublin road mid- way between Kilbeggan and Tyrrellspass in Co. Westmeath. It is a prominent feature on the local landscape. This is one of the finest wooded esker ridges remaining in the country and constitutes one of the few woodlands in the area. In places a very rich ground flora is found in the woods. This includes several scarce species, including the protected Narrow-leaved Bitter-cress Cardamine impatiens which has not been recorded as a native elsewhere in Ireland. The site is very diverse and includes examples of many habitats. Species-rich calcareous grassland is found in many areas of the site. The protected plant Red Hemp-nettle Galeopsis angustifolia has been recorded from the site. (Source: NPWS, 2013f; NPWS, 2017g)

5.8.1 Qualifying Interests The site is a SAC selected for the following habitats and/or species listed on Annex I / II of the E.U. Habitats Directive (* = priority; numbers in brackets are Natura 2000 codes): • Orchid-rich Calcareous Grassland* [6210]

5.8.2 Conservation Objective The conservation objective for Split Hills and Long Hill Esker SAC is to maintain or restore favourable conservation condition of the qualifying interests (Annex I Habitats, Annex II or IV species) of the site. The attributes and targets of the qualifying interests within the Zone of influence are listed below in Appendix A.

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5.8.3 Site Vulnerabilities The main threat to the esker is quarrying for sand and gravel. This activity already occurs on the site at several locations. Grazing is a critical factor affecting esker habitats, and getting a balance right is important. The presence of too many grazers causes damage to the ground vegetation in both woodlands and grasslands and prevents regeneration of woody species. However, if the grazing level is too low, grasslands are vulnerable to the encroachment of scrub at the expense of species which require open conditions. Fertiliser application, associated with agricultural improvement, also leads to a reduction in species-richness of grasslands (NPWS, 2017g).

5.9 Charleville Wood SAC (000571) Charleville Wood is a large Oak woodland surrounded by estate parkland and agricultural grassland located about 3 km south-west of Tullamore in Co. Offaly. The site, which is underlain by deep glacial deposits, includes a small lake with a wooded island, and a stream runs along the western perimeter. Charleville Wood is one of the most important ancient woodland sites in Ireland. The woodland has a varied age structure and is relatively intact with areas of both closed and open canopy, with regenerating saplings present in the latter. The understorey and ground layers are also well-represented. The lake attracts locally to regionally important numbers of waterfowl. The site supports a large population of the rare Desmoulin's Whorl Snail (Vertigo moulinsiana). The wetland areas, with their associated bird populations, rare insect and Myxomycete species, contribute further to the conservation significance of the site (Source; NPWS, 2013g; NPWS, 2017h)

5.9.1 Qualifying Interests The site is a SAC selected for the following habitats and/or species listed on Annex I / II of the E.U. Habitats Directive (* = priority; numbers in brackets are Natura 2000 codes): • Old Oak Woodlands [91A0] • Desmoulin's Whorl Snail (Vertigo moulinsiana) [1016]

5.9.2 Conservation Objective The conservation objective for Charleville Wood SAC is to maintain or restore favourable conservation condition of the qualifying interests (Annex I Habitats, Annex II or IV species) of the site (NPWS, 2018i) There are no site-specific conservation objectives for Charleville Wood SAC so attributes for conservation objectives have been taken from similar sites (see Appendix A).

5.9.3 Site Vulnerabilities The main threats to the woodland are from human activity and including poaching and disturbance from nature watching. Negative threats or pressures identified in the Standard Natura form (NPWS, 2017h) for Charleville Wood SAC are listed in Appendix A.

5.10 Lough Ennell SAC (000685) Lough Ennel is a large open steep-sided limestone lake situated on the River Brosna within the Shannon catchment. The water is hard with low colour and markedly alkaline Ph. Maximum depth is 30m though the lake is generally much shallower. Much of the lakeshore is stony - wetland vegetation, including reedswamp and alkaline fen, fringe the lake in places, particularly at the points of inflow and outflow of the Brosna and at the south west and south east shores. Mixed woodland, much of it with a wet wood character, occurs in places. Some improved grassland, used by feeding Anser albifrons flavirostris is included in site. The lake is surrounded by generally good quality pasture land. This lake is one of the most important midland limestone lakes, but the quality of the water has been poor owing to severe eutrophication in the 1970's. There has been improvement, however, and in 1990 it was classified as mesotrophic. A good diversity of charophytes have been recorded, including some of the rare species of calcareous water. Some good alkaline fen fringes the lake in parts. Alkaline fen is also found on the lake shore, with species such as Grass-of-parnassus (Parnassia palustris), Marsh Pennywort (Hydrocotyle vulgaris) and Bottle Sedge (Carex rostrata). In wet marshy patches along the shore Marsh-marigold (Caltha palustris), Brookweed (Samolus

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valerandi) and Lesser Water-plantain (Baldellia ranunculoides) are common. Otter Lutra lutra and Brook Lamprey Lampetra planeri occur at the site, as well as some important invertebrate species. The site is an important refuge for wildfowl. Further improvement in water quality would increase the value of this site. (Source, NPWS 2013h; NPWS, 2017i)

5.10.1 Qualifying Interests The site is a SAC selected for the following habitats and/or species listed on Annex I / II of the E.U. Habitats Directive (* = priority; numbers in brackets are Natura 2000 codes): • Alkaline Fens [7230]

5.10.2 Conservation Objective The conservation objective for Lough Ennel SAC is to maintain or restore favourable conservation condition of the qualifying interests (Annex I Habitats, Annex II or IV species) of the site. The attributes and targets of the qualifying interests within the Zone of influence are listed below in Appendix A. The full list of Conservation Objectives is available from NPWS website (NPWS, 2018i).

5.10.3 Site Vulnerabilities The chemical composition of effluent from the Mullingar sewage treatment plant has a significant impact on the water quality of Lough Ennell. The mid-l970s saw the introduction of treatment of the sewage to reduce phosphates, with a resulting improvement in water quality (according to data compiled during l987-90). However, levels of planktonic algal growth in the lake water continue to fluctuate, in response to the variable efficiency of the phosphate removal facility at the sewage treatment plant and the re-mobilization of phosphate from the lake sediments (NPWS, 2013g). Negative threats or pressures identified in the Standard Natura form (NPWS, 2017i) Lough Ennell SAC are listed in Appendix A.

5.11 Lough Ennell SPA (004044) Lough Ennell is one of the most important midland lakes for wintering waterfowl, with nationally important populations of Cygnus olor, Aythya ferina, Aythya fuligula and Fulica atra. The population of Aythya fuligula represents over 3% of the national total. It also attracts Pluvialis apricaria and Vanellus vanellus though these feed mainly outside of the site. At times, the lake is utilised as a roost (with limited feeding) by the internationally important Midland lakes population of Anser albifrons flavirostris. It supports two Red Data Book charophyte species. The site is an important trout fishery. (NPWS,2014b; NPWS, 2017j)

5.11.1 Qualifying Interests The site is a SAC selected for the following habitats and/or species listed on Annex I / II of the E.U. Habitats Directive (* = priority; numbers in brackets are Natura 2000 codes): • Pochard (Aythya ferina) [A059] • Tufted Duck (Aythya fuligula) [A061] • Coot (Fulica atra) [A125] • Wetland and Waterbirds [A999]

5.11.2 Conservation Objective The conservation objective for Lough Ennell SPA is to maintain or restore favourable conservation condition of the bird species listed as Special Conservation Interests for this SPA (NPWS, 2018j). The favourable conservation status of a species is achieved when: • population dynamics data on the species concerned indicate that it is maintaining itself on a long-term basis as a viable component of its natural habitats, and • the natural range of the species is neither being reduced nor is likely to be reduced for the foreseeable future, and

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• there is, and will probably continue to be, a sufficiently large habitat to maintain its populations on a long-term basis. The conservation objective of Wetlands and Waterbirds is to maintain or restore the favourable conservation condition of the wetland habitat at Lough Ennell SPA as a resource for the regularly- occurring migratory waterbirds that utilise it.

5.11.3 Site Vulnerabilities Negative threats or pressures identified in the Standard Natura form (NPWS, 2017j) for Lough Ennel SPA are pollution (from agricultural and domestic sources) and increased recreational activity.

5.12 Ferbane Bog SAC (000575) Ferbane Bog is an example of a relatively small raised bog site which contains good examples of the Annex 1 habitats active raised bog, degraded raised bog and depressions on peat substrates (Rhynchosporion). Uncut high bog dominates the site and is surrounded by a narrow band of cutover. approximately 35% of the high bog surface consists of very wet active bog with the remainder degraded but capable of regeneration. Areas of poor-fen vegetation and birch woodland occur on cutover surfaces along the margins of the site and add to the habitat diversity. (NPWS, 2013i: NPWS, 2017k)

5.12.1 Qualifying Interests The site is a SAC selected for the following habitats and/or species listed on Annex I / II of the E.U. Habitats Directive (* = priority; numbers in brackets are Natura 2000 codes): • Active raised bogs [7110] • Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration [7120] • Depressions on peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion [7150]

5.12.2 Conservation Objective The conservation objective for Ferbane Bog SAC is to maintain or restore favourable conservation condition of the qualifying interests (Annex I Habitats, Annex II or IV species) of the site. The attributes and targets of the qualifying interests within the Zone of influence are listed below Appendix A. The full list of Conservation Objectives is available from NPWS website (NPWS, 2016). The long-term aim for Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration is that its peat- forming capability is re-established; therefore, the conservation objective for this habitat is inherently linked to that of Active raised bogs (7110) and a separate conservation objective has not been set in Ferbane Bog SAC. Depressions on peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion is an integral part of good quality Active raised bogs (7110) and thus a separate conservation objective has not been set for the habitat in Ferbane Bog SAC (NPWS, 2015b).

5.12.3 Site Vulnerabilities Drainage is extensive at this site and has caused significant drying out. Past peat cutting and some active peat-cutting have also speeded up water loss. However, although the high bog has suffered some water loss, it is still in restorable condition (NPWS, 2013h).

5.13 Moyclare Bog SAC (000581) Moyclare Bog is a small raised bog site which contains examples of the Annex I habitats active raised bog, degraded raised bog and depressions on peat substrates (Rhynchosporion). Much of the bog surface is wet and has a moderate to high cover of Sphagnum moss. It supports Rhynchospora fusca, a relatively rare species. Perhaps the most striking feature of this bog is the high proportion of active raised bog within the uncut dome (c.60%). The site occurs in close proximity to a number of important raised bogs close to the flood-plain of the River Shannon. (NPWS, 2013j: NPWS, 2017l).

5.13.1 Qualifying Interests The site is a SAC selected for the following habitats and/or species listed on Annex I / II of the E.U. Habitats Directive (* = priority; numbers in brackets are Natura 2000 codes):

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• Active raised bogs* [7110] • Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration [7120] • Depressions on peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion [7150]

5.13.2 Conservation Objective The conservation objective for Moyclare Bog SAC is to maintain or restore favourable conservation condition of the qualifying interests (Annex I Habitats, Annex II or IV species) of the site. The attributes and targets of the qualifying interests within the Zone of influence are listed below Appendix A. The full list of Conservation Objectives is available from NPWS website (NPWS, 2016). The long-term aim for Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration is that its peat- forming capability is re-established; therefore, the conservation objective for this habitat is inherently linked to that of Active raised bogs (7110) and a separate conservation objective has not been set in Ferbane Bog SAC. Depressions on peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion is an integral part of good quality Active raised bogs (7110) and thus a separate conservation objective has not been set for the habitat in Moyclare Bog SAC (NPWS, 2015c).

5.13.3 Site Vulnerabilities Negative threats or pressures identified in the Standard Natura form (NPWS, 2017l) for Ferbane Bog SAC are peat cutting, drainage and fire.

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6 Appropriate Assessment

6.1 Introduction The following chapter assesses the screened in Natura 2000 sites in more detail and examines where adverse impacts may arise from the sources of impact identified above. The full impact assessment on these features is below. The screened in Natura 2000 sites are as follows: • Clonaslee Eskers and Derry Bog SAC (000859) • Lough Owel SAC (000688) • Lough Owel SPA (004047) • Middle Shannon Callows SPA (004096) • River Shannon Callows SAC (000216) • Clara Bog SAC (000572) • Split Hills and Long Hill Esker SAC (001831) • Charleville Wood SAC (000571) • Lough Ennell SAC (000685) • Lough Ennell SPA (004044) • Ferbane Bog SAC (000575) • Moyclare Bog SAC (000581

Where potentially significant adverse impacts are identified, avoidance and mitigation measures are proposed to offset these impacts. These are discussed in the following sections.

6.2 Identification of Potential Sources of Impact This section further examines the source > pathway > receptor chains that could potentially result in adverse impacts arising on the screened in Natura 2000 sites in the Brosna Arterial Drainage Scheme; this is informed primarily by Ryan Hanley (Ryan Hanley 2014a). Table 3-5 details which of the possible pathways of impact (i.e. surface water, groundwater, land and air) have been identified as potentially affecting each of the screened in Natura 2000 sites .Figure 3-1, Figure 3-2 and Figure 3-3 illustrates which of the channels and structures within the Brosna Arterial Drainage Scheme are those which could potentially impact upon the identified Natura 2000 sites, relative to Natura 2000 sites within the Zone of Influence of the works and are consequently screened into the assessment. All other channels and structures within the Brosna Arterial Drainage Scheme have been screened out of the assessment.

6.2.1 Potential Sources of Impact via Surface Water Pathways Eight Natura 2000 sites were identified as potentially being impacted upon by drainage maintenance activities via surface water pathways. Table 6-1 lists the sites and the relevant qualifying interests. Table 6-1: Qualifying interests at risk from impacts via surface water pathways

Natura 2000 site Qualifying Interest Clonaslee Eskers and Derry Bog SAC Alkaline fens (000859) Geyer’s Whorl Snail Vertigo geyeri Lough Owel SAC (000688) Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of Chara spp. White-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes Lough Owel SPA (004047) Shoveler Anas clypeata Coot Fulica atra River Shannon Callows SAC (000216) Otter Lutra lutra Clara Bog SAC (000572) Bog woodland

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Natura 2000 site Qualifying Interest Charleville Wood SAC (000571) Desmoulin’s Whorl Snail Vertigo moulinsiana Lough Ennell SAC (000685) Alkaline fens Lough Ennell SPA (004044) Pochard Aythya ferina Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula Coot Fulica atra

Not all qualifying interests in the SACs were identified as potentially being at risk from sources of impact via surface water pathways as shown in Table 3-3. The following sources of impact are identified as potentially impacting upon the above Natura 2000 site through surface water pathways: • Release of suspended solids - this can arise from a variety of drainage maintenance activities, including removal of in-stream silt and vegetation, aquatic vegetation cutting, bank protection works and bush cutting, branch trimming and tree cutting. It can impact on surface water dependent habitats, such as alkaline fens and oligo-mesotrophic lake habitat of Lough Owel, indirectly through increased turbidity, which can reduce photosynthesis levels. This can then impact upon species within the lake (i.e. Crayfish, Otter) by reducing food availability through changed water quality. • Release or changes in nutrient levels/pollutants - this can arise from a variety of drainage maintenance activities, including removal of in-stream silt and vegetation, aquatic vegetation cutting, bank protection works and bush cutting, branch trimming and tree cutting. It can impact on surface water dependent habitats indirectly through causing eutrophication. This can then impact upon species within the lake (i.e. Crayfish, Otter) by reducing food availability through changed water quality. There is also the potential for pollutants (e.g. fuel) to be released from construction activities with machinery working in or near water as a result of pollution incidents, fuel spillages or poorly maintained machinery. • Changes in water levels/channel morphology - this can arise from a variety of drainage maintenance activities, including removal of in-stream silt and vegetation, aquatic vegetation cutting, bank protection works and bush cutting, branch trimming and tree cutting. It can occur from maintenance activities that deepen and wide the channel back to the original design level. This can impact on surface water dependent habitats, such as the oligo-mesotrophic Lough Owel, through increased capacity and flow in the channel leading to hydrological impacts. It can also impact on the species for which the SAC is designated for by causing a loss of suitable habitat and impacting upon food chains. Removal of vegetation could cause a lowering of the water table within the local area, improving drainage to the channels that are connected to waterbodies or wetland habitats, reducing the quality of alkaline fen habitat, that may be present in Clonaslee Eskers and Derry Bog SAC and Lough Ennell SAC and wet woodland habitat in Clara Bog SAC. Reduction in quality of fen habitat could impact on Geyer’s Whorl Snail on which it is dependent.

6.2.2 Potential Sources of Impact via Land and Air Pathways Ten Natura 2000 site were identified as potentially being impacted upon via land and air pathways; Table 6-2: Qualifying interests at risk from impacts via Land and Air Pathways

Natura 2000 site Qualifying Interest Clonaslee Eskers and Derry Geyer’s Whorl Snail Vertigo geyeri Bog SAC (000859 Alkaline fens Lough Owel SAC (000688) White-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes Lough Owel SPA (004047) Shoveler Anas clypeata Coot Fulica atra Wetlands & Waterbirds Middle Shannon Callows Whooper Swan Cygnus cygnus SPA (004096)

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Natura 2000 site Qualifying Interest Wigeon Anas penelope Corncrake Crex crex Golden Plover Pluvialis apricaria Lapwing Vanellus vanellus Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa Black-headed Gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus Wetlands & Waterbirds River Shannon Callows SAC Otter Lutra lutra (000216) Molinia meadows on calcareous, peaty or clavey-silt-laden soils (Molinion caeruleae) Lowland hay meadows (Alopecurus pratensis, Sanguisorba officinalis) Clara Bog SAC (000572) Active raised bogs Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration Depressions on peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion Split Hills and Long Hill Esker Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies on SAC (001831) calcareous substrates (Festuco Brometalia) (*important orchid sites) Charleville Wood SAC Desmoulin’s Whorl Snail Vertigo moulinsiana (000571) Old sessile oak woods with Ilex and Blechnum in British Isles Lough Ennell SAC (000685) Alkaline fens Lough Ennell SPA (004044) Pochard Aythya ferina Coot Fulica atra Wetlands & Waterbirds

Not all qualifying interests in the SACs were identified as potentially being at risk from sources of impact via surface water pathways as shown in Table 3-3. The following sources of impact are identified as potentially impacting upon the above Natura 2000 site through land and air pathways: • Physical disturbance of habitats (including loss of wood vegetation cover and disturbance to habitats) - this can arise from a variety of drainage maintenance activities, including removal of in-stream silt and vegetation, aquatic vegetation cutting, bank protection works and bush cutting, branch trimming and tree cutting. Obtaining access to works areas can also cause physical disturbance to habitats through removal of woody vegetation and tracking of machinery. It can impact on habitats such as Alkaline fens in Lough Ennel SAC, dry grasslands in Split Hills and Long Hill Esker SAC, Molinia meadows and Lowland hay meadows in River Shannon Callows, oak woods in Charleville Wood SAC and bog habitats in Clara Bog SAC directly, although temporarily, as a result of machines tracking along the bankside, accessing the works area and as a result of the deposition of spoil on the bankside. This can also result in a direct loss of habitat from in-stream/bankside areas and maintenance access corridors, direct mortalities of species such as Desmoulin’s Whorl Snail, Geyer’s Whorl Snail and White-clawed Crayfish and the displacement of sensitive species, such as Otter. It can also indirectly impact on species through machines tracking along the bankside, reducing vegetation as a food source or reducing cover for birds in Middle Shannon Callows, Lough Owel and Lough Ennell SPAs and Otter in Middle Shannon Callows SAC. • Noise and visual disturbance - this can arise from a variety of drainage maintenance activities, including removal of in-stream silt and vegetation, aquatic vegetation cutting, bank protection works and bush cutting, branch trimming, tree cutting and other activities such as gravel removal. It can occur as a result of noise emissions and visual disturbance

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from machinery and the presence of machine drivers and other OPW staff at the site of works. It can result in the displacement of sensitive species from suitable habitat locations. It is not considered relevant in relation to designated habitat types, although it is relevant for the species which these habitats support, such as Otter for which the River Shannon Callows SAC is designated. Birds within Middle Shannon Callows, Lough Owel and Lough Ennell SPAs may be disturbed from their foraging, breeding or resting places by an increase in activity in areas where activity is normally limited to fishing and agricultural practises however, this is likely to be temporary due to the nature of the proposed work. • Spread of non-native invasive species - Maintenance activities in areas infested with non-native invasive species can result in their spread if inappropriate working methods are followed and no biosecurity or management measures are put in place. This could then adversely impact upon Natura 2000 sites by reducing the diversity and extent of native species. For certain aquatic species, their spread can result in changes to water chemistry parameters, light penetration and nutrient levels which could then impact upon the species for which SACs and SPAs are designated.

6.2.3 Potential Sources of Impact via Groundwater Pathways The following Natura 2000 sites were identified in the AA Screening (Section 3.1.3) as potentially being significantly adversely impacted upon via groundwater pathways: Table 6-3: Qualifying interests at risk from impacts via Groundwater Pathways

Natura 2000 site Qualifying Interest Clonaslee Eskers and Derry Alkaline fens [7230] Bog SAC (000859) Geyer’s Whorl Snail Vertigo geyeri [1013] Lough Owel SAC (000688) Transition mires and quaking bogs [7140] Alkaline fens [7230] River Shannon Callows SAC Molinia meadows on calcareous, peaty or clavey-silt-laden (000216) soils (Molinion caeruleae) [6410]

Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae) [91E0] Middle Shannon Callows Whooper Swan Cygnus cygnus [A038] SPA (004096) Wigeon Anas Penelope [A050] Golden Plover Pluvialis apricaria [A140] Lapwing Vanellus vanellus [A142] Black-headed Gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus [A179] Wetlands & Waterbirds [A999] Clara Bog SAC (000572) Active raised bogs [7110] Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration [7120] Bog woodland [91D0] Charleville Wood SAC Desmoulin’s Whorl Snail Vertigo moulinsiana [1016 (000571) Lough Ennell SAC (000685) Alkaline fens [7230] Lough Ennell SPA (004044) Pochard Aythya farina [A059] Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula [A061] Coot Fulica atra [A125] Wetlands & Waterbirds [A999] Ferbane Bog SAC (000575) Active raised bogs [7110] Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration [7120] Moyclare Bog SAC (000581 Active raised bogs [7110]

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Natura 2000 site Qualifying Interest Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration [7120]

Not all qualifying interests in the SACs were identified as potentially being at risk from sources of impact via groundwater pathways as shown in Table 6-3. The following sources of impact are identified as potentially impacting upon the above Natura 2000 sites through groundwater pathways: Release of suspended solids - this can arise from a variety of drainage maintenance activities, including removal of in-stream silt and vegetation, aquatic vegetation cutting, bank protection works and bush cutting, branch trimming and tree cutting. Increase in suspended solids can impact on ground water dependent habitats with surface water connectivity to habitats such as alkaline fens in Clonaslee Eskers and Derry Bog SAC, Lough Owel SAC and Lough Ennell SAC, Molinia meadows (wet grassland) and Alluvial forests in River Shannon Callows SAC, raised bog habitats in Ferbane Bog SAC, Moyclare Bog SAC and Clara Bog SAC and Transition mires and quaking bogs in Lough Owel SAC. Increased turbidity, and reduction in photosynthesis could impact on wetland habitats ability to support Annex II species such as Geyer’s and Desmoulin’s Whorl snails. Release or changes in nutrient levels/pollutants - this can arise from a variety of drainage maintenance activities, including removal of in-stream silt and vegetation, aquatic vegetation cutting, bank protection works and bush cutting, branch trimming and tree cutting. Impacts from these works may transfer through groundwater pathways to surface water dependant species and habitats and may impact upon groundwater dependant habitats. Impacts may transfer to surface water habitats and species that are connected via groundwater pathways. This can then impact upon species within the river (i.e. Otter) by reducing food availability through changed water quality. There is also the potential for pollutants (e.g. fuel) to be released from construction activities with machinery working in or near water as a result of pollution incidents, fuel spillages or poorly maintained machinery. These pollutants could travel through groundwater pathways, impacting upon groundwater or surface water dependant habitats and species such as raised bogs, fens, bog woodland and transition mires and quaking bogs. Water quality in transitional areas around fens in Clonaslee Eskers and Derry Bog SAC and Lough Ennell SAC, vary due to influences of different water types and may be influenced by changes to water chemistry transported by groundwater pathways. • Changes in water levels/ channel morphology - this can arise from a variety of drainage maintenance activities, including removal of in-stream silt and vegetation, aquatic vegetation cutting and bush cutting/ branch trimming. It can also occur from maintenance activities that deepen and widen the channels back to their original level. This can impact on groundwater dependent habitats indirectly through: • Increased capacity and flow in the channel leading to a reduction in water levels and hydrogeological impacts. This could have a potential impact on Alluvial forest habitat downstream. • Changing the groundwater catchment and groundwater flow paths. • Direct aquifer recharge from a stream bed in karst/fissured aquifer. • Lowering of channel water levels due to increased channel conveyance, which can increase the hydraulic gradient between the bankside groundwater table. This can potentially increase discharge from the channel and change the absolute value and pattern of variation in groundwater levels and potentially the location of groundwater divides. The distance from the channel at which an impact occurs is dependent on the subsoil and bedrock aquifer characteristics. This could affect the lake and river habitat and its ability to support groundwater dependent White-clawed crayfish.

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6.3 Impact Assessment

6.3.1 Do nothing impact Should the Brosna works not be carried out at this site, it is likely that natural succession would occur throughout the location. This is likely to include increased sedimentation in the channels over time, and increased vegetation growth along channel edges and any island present instream. Reduction in channel width may slow the flow of water and cause flooding in susceptible areas during periods of high rainfall. Erosion occurring along the edge of the banks may contribute further to sediment loading within the Brosna Scheme and on into the River Shannon.

6.3.2 Cumulative and in-combination impacts Projects and Plans that have the potential to contribute in-combination impacts and cumulative impacts upon Natura 2000 designated sites are considered in this section, as described in the Guidelines for the Assessment of Indirect and Cumulative Impacts, as well as Impact Interactions (Walker and Johnston 1999). Key points to consider when assessing cumulative and in-combination impacts include the nature and scale of the potential impacts including their potential magnitude and significance, the availability and quality of data and the impacts that may have occurred with similar projects in the area, where available or observed. The works that will occur on the Brosna Scheme cover an extensive area including counties West Meath and Offaly. Towns and villages located within 15km of the works within County West Meath include Mullingar and Kilbeggan, and within County Offaly include Tullamore, Clara, Ballycumber, Ferbane, and Belmont. Potential sources of in-combination effects identified as part of this assessment include:

6.3.2.1 Agricultural activities in the River Brosna catchment: Farmers and landowners may also undertake general agricultural operations in areas adjacent to the County River, which could potentially give rise to impacts of a similar nature to those arising from the planned OPW works. This could potentially result in additional periods of disturbance and a risk to water quality. Many agricultural operations are periodic, not continuous in nature, and qualify as a Notifiable Action that requires consultation with NPWS in advance of the works e.g. reclamation, infilling or land drainage within 30m of the river, removal of trees or any aquatic vegetation within 30m of the river, and harvesting or burning of reed or willow (NPWS 2018). Agricultural operations must also comply with the EC (Environmental Impact Assessment) (Agriculture) Regulations 2011 and amendment 2017 S.I. No. 456/2011 and 407/2017 in relation to activities covered by the regulations; • restructuring of rural land holdings, • commencing use of uncultivated land or semi-natural areas for intensive, • land drainage works on lands used for agriculture. A NIS is required under Regulation 9 if it is likely to have a significant effect on a Natura 2000 site. The drainage or reclamation of wetlands is controlled under the Planning and Development (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulations 2011 and the European Communities (Amendment to Planning and Development) Regulations 2011. Therefore, the in-combination or cumulative effects of the proposed arterial drainage maintenance works and general agricultural operations upon the screened in Natura 2000 sites is not likely to be significant.

6.3.2.2 Nutrient enrichment Eutrophication from agriculture, forestry and sewage discharges have the potential for cumulative and in-combination effects through surface water pathways. Release of nutrients during the works may occur as a result of sediment disturbance in-stream. Given the nature and scale of the works it is not likely to be of an amount to cause significant adverse impacts, however, using the precautionary principle and given that the surrounding landscape is made up of predominantly agricultural land and some forestry, there is potential for cumulative impacts from agriculture and forestry related to eutrophication. Eutrophication caused by increases in nutrient levels in the water,

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as a result of sediment disturbance and agricultural and forestry practises, could cause changes to the vegetative structure and composition in wetland habitats within the Natura is and have adverse impacts upon the water quality and species of the Natura 2000 sites within the Brosna catchment. Therefore, there may be significant impacts from the proposed arterial drainage maintenance works in-combination with agricultural and forestry practices and WWTPs, and further mitigation is required.

6.3.2.3 OPW Arterial Drainage Maintenance Arterial Drainage Maintenance operations have been ongoing since the construction of the schemes following the 1945 Arterial Drainage Act, potentially resulting in adverse cumulative effects. However, as the maintenance operations are undertaken to restore the design level only, the hydrological and hydrogeological impact should be no greater than originally occurred upon the scheme's construction; no further deepening or widening will occur. On a regional scale, neighbouring Arterial Drainage Schemes could be considered to have an adverse impact on Natura 2000 sites, particularly where large sites fall across two, or more scheme areas. However, this is not considered to be an issue for the Brosna Scheme works. The closest schemes are the Inny and the Boyne. The Brosna is within a separate surface water catchment body so the potential for adverse in-combination impacts are minimal. The Boyle Scheme NIS has similar mitigation measures proposed as those within this report, to prevent significant adverse impacts to the SACs and therefore, provided the proposed mitigation measures in that NIS and those proposed in Section 7 of this report are implemented, it is unlikely that there will be cumulative and/or in-combination adverse impacts as a result of other Arterial Drainage Maintenance Schemes and the proposed Arterial Drainage Maintenance Works on the Brosna Scheme. Mitigation measures will be required and are detailed in Section 7.

6.3.2.4 Development planning: A number of planning permissions have been granted to projects in the nearby area of the screened in Natura 2000 sites, which have the potential to have similar impacts on water quality, water levels or disturbance as the proposed maintenance works have to the Natura 2000 site. These include the following within the last 3 years:

Co Offaly Planning Application Reference 16338 Development address GRAND CANAL, LOCK 36, CLONONY BEG, SHANNON HARBOUR, COUNTY OFFAL Description: THE INSTALLATION OF 39M OF FLOATING MOORING, TO EXTEND THE EXISTING FLOATING MOORING AT LOCK 36. AN APPROPRIATE ASSESSMENT SCREENING HAS BEEN PREPARED AND INCLUDED AS PART OF THE PLANNING APPLICATION Final Decision on Application Conditional Decision Date 15/12/2016

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Planning Application Reference 17484 Development address GLASKILL, MUCKLAGH, CO. OFFALY Description: INFILLING OF LANDS WITH MATERIAL CONSISTING OF CLEAN, UNCONTAMINATED SOIL AND STONES AND FOR THE CRUSHING OF CONCRETE ON A SPORADIC BASIS (WHICH IS NOT FOR INFILLING ON THE SITE) PRIOR TO ITS REMOVAL FOR REUSE. PERMISSION IS ALSO SOUGHT FOR ONE TEMPORARY ONSITE PORTABLE TOILET AND ONE TEMPORARY PORTACABIN WHICH WILL SERVE AS AN OFFICE FOR THE DURATION OF THE INFILLING PROCESS. AN ARTICLE 6(3) OF THE HABITATS DIRECTIVE SCREENING FOR APPROPRIATE ASSESSMENT REPORT HAS BEEN PREPARED IN RESPECT OF THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT. SUBSEQUENT TO PLANNING A WASTE FACILITY PERMIT WILL BE SOUGHT FROM OFFALY COUNTY COUNCIL ENVIRONMENTAL SECTION FOR THE DURATION OF THE INFILLING PROCESS Final Decision on Application Conditional Decision Date 22/03/2018

Planning Application Reference 1666 Development address DRUMCAW OR MOUNTLUCAS, DERRYCRICKET, BRACKAGH, TULLAMORE, CO. OFFALY Description A SMALL TRIAL AQUACULTURE FARM INCORPORATING FOUR FISH PONDS, AQUAPONICS POND ALL CONNECTED USING INTERLINKING OPEN CHANNELS. THE DEVELOPMENT WILL ALSO INCLUDE A SMALL CABIN TO HOUSE MONITORING EQUIPMENT, WATER WELL, PUMP HOUSE, LANDSCAPING AND ASSOCIATED SITE DEVELOPMENT WORKS Final Decision on Application Conditional Decision Date 14/07/2016

Other on-going or proposed plans/projects (at the time of this study) which may give rise to any form of cumulative impact on the Natura 2000 sites include:

6.3.2.5 County Development Plans and Strategies Westmeath County Development Plan 2014-2020 (Westmeath County Council, 2014) and Offaly County Development Plan 2014-2020 (Offaly County Council, 2014) set out local councils aims, policies and objectives for the proper planning and sustainable development in each county for the relevant time periods. The purpose of each Development Plan or Strategy, is to set out the overall strategy for the proper planning and sustainable development of the area. The Plans seek to develop and improve, in a sustainable manner, the social, economic, cultural and environmental assets of each county. Biodiversity Conservation and Management supports are laid out in each Plan and Strategy to support these objectives. All Natura 2000 sites within the considered zone of influence of each Plan, must be assessed for potential to be impacted by each Plan and for there to potentially be in- combination impacts as a result of each Plan. County Development Plans are designed to be taken in conjunction with other similar plans and programmes, to have the overall effect of strengthening the management of and enhancing the protection and conservation of Natura 2000 sites. Specific statements, policies and objectives are formulated within each Plan to allow the Council to take appropriate steps to avoid the deterioration of Natura 2000 sites. Each Plan updates the policies and objectives of the Council in accordance with the Regional Planning Guidelines and National Policy. The outcomes of these Plans are Projects that will in themselves, require specific Natura Impact Assessments where relevant. Prior to any works commencing on a project that may impact the Natura 2000 network, the project shall be subject to a full Natura Impact Assessment in accordance with the requirements of Article 6(3) of the EU Habitats Directive (Directive 92/43/EEC). This requirement is made explicit in each Plan.

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Therefore, provided that any works that may occur as a result of the Plans are assessed for individually or included in the NIS for the Plan, the Plan should not significantly adversely impact on relevant Natura 2000 sites in combination with the proposed arterial drainage maintenance works.

6.3.2.6 River Basin Management Plan 2018 - 2021 Published in April, 2018, the River Basin Management Plan for Ireland 2018-2021 sets out the actions that Ireland will take to improve water quality and achieve ‘good’ ecological status in water bodies (rivers, lakes, estuaries and coastal waters) by 2021 ( Department of Housing, Planning and Local Government, 2018). Learning from the previous River Basin management plans, for the 2nd Cycle, the Eastern, South Eastern, South Western, Western and Shannon River Basin Districts will be merged to form one national River Basin District. Ireland is required to produce a river basin management plan under the Water Framework Directive (WFD). Water quality in Ireland has deteriorated over the past two decades. The Plan provides a more coordinated framework for improving the quality of our waters — to protect public health, the environment, water amenities and to sustain water-intensive industries, including agri-food and tourism, particularly in rural Ireland. The core objectives of the River Basin Management Plan (RBMP) 2018 - 2021 are to prevent deterioration, restore good status, reduce chemical pollution and achieve the water related objectives of protected areas. The Plan aims to improve the management and water quality of the Brosna River. Appropriate Assessment has concluded that the RBMP will not adversely affect the integrity of any European site with the implementation of measures presented within the NIS (DHPLG 2018). Any projects that may arise because of the Plan may be subject to individual Appropriate Assessment, that may include assessment of potential cumulative impacts as a result of the works. Therefore, provided that any works that may occur as a result of the plan are assessed for individually or included in the NIS for the Plan, the Plan should not significantly adversely impact on relevant Natura 2000 sites in combination with the proposed arterial drainage maintenance works.

6.3.2.7 The National Biodiversity Action Plan 2017 - 2021 The objectives of the National Biodiversity Action Plan 2017 - 2021 include the enhancement and conservation of biodiversity. Although such issues would be dealt with at local or site level, the Plan has regard to these objectives and promotes such objectives where possible ( Department of Housing, Planning and Local Government, 2018). Therefore, any potential impacts as a result projects implemented because of this Plan, will be dealt with at local or site level. No significant impacts on European sites, either within out outside the Scheme area are predicted and therefore, there is no risk of significant in-combination or cumulative adverse effects on the screened in Natura 2000 sites, with the proposed arterial drainage maintenance scheme.

6.3.2.8 Spread of non-native invasive species The non-native invasive species Japanese Knotweed Fallopia japonica was recorded in two locations in the Brosna catchment. The NNIS Montbretia and Snowberry were also identified as being present within the Scheme works area. Other NNIS recorded during the ecological walkover surveys were the aquatic invasives, Canadian Waterweed and Zebra Mussel. Given the availability of potential transport vectors or pathways, and the large area covered by the Scheme, there is potential for NNIS to be transported between sites within the area of works and from outside of the area of works to within through various external sources including farmers, anglers, members of the public, and/or illegal turf cutting. Surface water connections, re-use of unclean equipment, machinery or clothing, from nearby projects or developments, or stored nearby in potentially contaminated areas, can all be considered vectors for NNIS. Equipment, machinery or boots that are being used in the water by anglers within potentially contaminated areas could carry microscopic spores, larvae, plant fragments or seeds that if used at this location, can cause the spread of NNIS. The spread of Crayfish Plague Aphanomyces astaci around Ireland is having detrimental impacts to native crayfish populations (which may cause 100% mortality to native Crayfish) and must be prevented. Crayfish Plague has been identified in the rivers Suir, Deel, Barrow, Lorrha and Bruskey

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and latterly the Al Rive, Athlone, Co. Westmeath (NBDC, 2018). Crayfish are a QI of Lough Owel SAC and are common throughout the Brosna River. Therefore, all works in the scheme must consider adequate biosecurity measures. Therefore, considering the nature, scale and types of non-native invasive species in this area, and given the types of potential impacts there is potential for cumulative decrease in the area of suitable habitats in this site as a result of the spread of non-native invasive species. While the normal operation of the proposed works includes the adherence to biosecurity protocol, further, more specific mitigation may be required. Therefore, there may be significant impacts from the proposed arterial drainage maintenance works in-combination with the use of the operational equipment and machinery stored outside the area or used on other schemes and works outside the scheme area and further mitigation measures will be required.

6.3.3 Significance of cumulative and in-combination impacts In summation, given the nature of the proposed arterial drainage maintenance works, their scale, the local conditions, and considering the same for other relevant plans and projects in this area, it is likely that significant adverse impacts may occur in-combination or cumulatively relative to The Natura 2000 sites. Therefore, further mitigation measures in order to prevent the cumulative and in-combination impacts from these impacts are included in Section 7.

6.4 Impact Evaluation The main impacts on the twelve Natura 2000 sites are from the potential release of suspended solids, changes in nutrient levels, pollution, changes in water level, disturbance to habitats, noise and visual disturbance and the spread of non-native invasive species. Table 6-4 assesses the habitats screened in Natura 2000 sites in more detail and examines where potentially adverse impacts may arise from the sources of impact identified in Section 6-2. Where potentially significant adverse impacts are identified, avoidance and mitigation measures are proposed to offset these impacts.

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Table 6-4: Impact Assessment of the qualifying interests of twelve Natura 2000 Sites adjacent to Brosna Arterial Drainage Scheme

Site Name Qualifying Interests/ Potential Pathway Impact on Attribute and Target Prior to Avoidance / Mitigation Residual (site code) Special Source of Mitigation / Avoidance Measures Impact Conservation Impact Interests Clonaslee Alkaline fens Release of Surface Fen habitats are influenced by groundwater and Follow protocols and No Eskers and suspended Water surface water connectivity. Habitats with water OPW Environmental Procedures adverse Derry Bog Geyer’s Whorl Snail solids connectivity are susceptible to changes in water (EP) (OPW 2018) - effects SAC Vertigo geyeri quality as a result of the release of suspended Particularly EP Silt Management (000859) Release or solids, introduction of pollutants or changes to Procedure changes in nutrient levels. Changes to water chemistry that may occur, may not support the natural structure nutrient levels/ Works on sections of drainage pollutants and functioning of the habitats present. Fens are naturally poor in nitrogen and phosphorous, so channels adjacent to forestry increases in levels of these may alter typical plantations should be avoided vegetation composition and ability to support where possible (i.e.C3(13C), Annex II species such as Geyer’s Whorl Snail C3(14)). If necessary, works are undertaken in or near these areas, work should be undertaken from the opposite bank and remain clear of the forested bank side. In situations where there may be a more significant build-up of silt, debris or nutrients e.g. during sluice maintenance or when clearing channels adjacent to coniferous woodlands or agricultural lands, there will be a 20m section of channel unmaintained at the channel outfall and if this is not naturally present, additional silt mitigation measures will be implemented including the use of geotextiles, clean washed stone and coarse sand (where suitable), removal of material and/or other silt filtration techniques. The method used will be on a case-by-case

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Site Name Qualifying Interests/ Potential Pathway Impact on Attribute and Target Prior to Avoidance / Mitigation Residual (site code) Special Source of Mitigation / Avoidance Measures Impact Conservation Impact Interests basis and methods used will be documented and discussed with environment team.

See Table 7.1 for further mitigation measures Changes in Fens require high groundwater levels and so are Follow protocols and No water levels/ also vulnerable to changes in water levels, as OPW Environmental Procedures adverse channel they may impact upon the hydrological regime. (EP) (OPW 2018) effects morphology Surface water flows should be maintained or restored and changes in water levels can prevent this target from being achieved. Maintenance works to restore Drainage lowers the water table and wetland the system to the design surfaces dry out. This reduces the availability of standard only suitable habitat, alters species diversity and reduces the presence of brown mosses and Areas of fen adjacent to other typical vascular plant species. Lower water Channels C3(13F) and C3(13C) levels may cause peat to compress under its should be considered wetlands own weight, preventing active peat formation and works should follow the where appropriate. Impact from change in Wetland Procedure EP, to hydrological condition may affect soil moisture protect the wetlands hydraulics levels thus affecting vegetation type, quality and and minimise or avoid ability to support Annex II species such as maintenance. No works should Geyer’s Whorl Snail occur within wetland or bog habitats of Clonaslee Eskers and Derry Bog SAC (000859)

See Table 7-1for further mitigation measures. Alkaline fens Physical Land and Air Physical alterations to fen habitat may occur Areas of fen adjacent to No disturbance of indirectly through increased drainage causing Channels C3(13F) and C3(13C) adverse Geyer’s Whorl Snail habitat drying out of habitats, or directly to habitats as should be considered wetlands effects Vertigo geyeri the area of works is located directly adjacent to and works should follow the Spread of the SAC on Channels C3(13F) and C3(13C). Wetland Procedure EP, protect negative Physical alterations to the fen habitats may the wetlands hydraulics and

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Site Name Qualifying Interests/ Potential Pathway Impact on Attribute and Target Prior to Avoidance / Mitigation Residual (site code) Special Source of Mitigation / Avoidance Measures Impact Conservation Impact Interests species cause a reduction in the area or quality of minimise or avoid maintenance. habitats present, increasing negative indicator No works should occur within Spread of non- species present, reducing the presence of wetland habitats of Clonaslee native alien elements of local distinctiveness such as notable Eskers and Derry Bog SAC invasive flora and fauna, or features of hydrological (000859) species interest, and may affect vegetation type, quality and ability to support Annex II species such as Geyer’s Whorl Snail Follow biosecurity procedures as defined in the EP on Spread of Disturbance to the fen habitats can cause the Invasive Plant (Low Biosecurity) spread of negative and non-native invasive Procedure, prior to working species including graminoids such as reed within or adjacent to Clonaslee canary-grass Phalaris arundinacea and reed Eskers and Derry Bog SAC at all sweet-grass Glyceria maxima, tall herbs such as times, as identification of key great willowherb Epilobium hirsutum, bracken invasive species at this site may Pteridium aquilinum, bramble Rubus fruticosus not be within the competency and common nettle Urtica dioica, and bryophytes range of all staff. such as Brachythecium rutabulum and Kindbergia praelonga. Cumulative and/or in- combination impacts may arise as a result of the disturbance to stands of NNIS that may already The above measures should be present or may have been introduced since reduce disturbance to fen habitat the ecological surveys. A reduction in habitat and Geyer’s Whorl Snail in quality due to an increase in availability of Clonaslee Eskers and Derry Bog susceptible bare ground, may leave areas more SAC and prevent adverse effects prone to infestation with NNIS. that may arise through cumulative and/or in-combination impacts.

Alkaline fens Release of Groundwater Water dependant habitats at this site that have Surface water pathways leading No suspended direct or indirect groundwater linkages (i.e. to groundwater pathways may adverse Geyer’s Whorl Snail solids through surface water pathways) will be not be visible so protocols and effects Vertigo geyeri influenced by the release or changes in nutrient EPs in and OPW Environmental Release or levels / pollutants, if any pollutants or nutrients Procedures (EP) (OPW 2018) changes in released cause changes in the quality of the should be followed. - habitats present at the site. Habitat structure, Specifically, the procedures

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Site Name Qualifying Interests/ Potential Pathway Impact on Attribute and Target Prior to Avoidance / Mitigation Residual (site code) Special Source of Mitigation / Avoidance Measures Impact Conservation Impact Interests nutrient levels/ vegetation composition and area can be under the Environmental pollutants impacted by changes to groundwater. Changes Drainage Procedure EP, to water levels could dry out wetlands, resulting including compliance with the Changes in in the habitat no longer providing suitable 10-point plan and auditing water levels/ support for the Annex II species Geyer’s Whorl processes. Works should follow channel Snail those as described in guidance morphology under the Silt Management EP, including but not limited to working from downstream to upstream, skipping sections and leaving buffer zones both instream and along the banks. Works should follow the EP on Wetlands No works should occur within wetland habitats of Clonaslee Eskers and Derry Bog SAC (000859) Lough Owel Hard oligo- Release of Surface Drainage maintenance activities could impact on Follow protocols and No SAC mesotrophic waters suspended Water the water quality of the lake through the release OPW Environmental Procedures adverse (000688) with benthic solids of suspended sediments, nutrients and pollutants (EP) (OPW 2018) - specifically effects vegetation of Chara which could potentially result in reduced water the procedures under the spp. Release or quality, increased turbidity and eutrophication, Environmental Drainage changes in which could then result in algal blooms. This Procedure EP, including White-clawed crayfish nutrient levels/ could reach the lake habitat through surface compliance with the 10-point Austropotamobius pollutants water pathways as this lake habitat and species plan and auditing processes. pallipes are sensitive to maintenance activities <5km Works should follow the Silt upstream. Management EP, including but not limited to starting Impacts on water quality from discharges may downstream and working affect Crayfish populations, and their population upstream, skipping sections and structure and recruitment noted throughout leaving buffer zones both catchment instream and along the banks. Machinery Related Procedures should be followed to include not

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Site Name Qualifying Interests/ Potential Pathway Impact on Attribute and Target Prior to Avoidance / Mitigation Residual (site code) Special Source of Mitigation / Avoidance Measures Impact Conservation Impact Interests refuelling within 50m of a watercourse, use of biodegradable oils, ensure availability of spill kits and leave natural vegetation buffer strip along the bank. EPs Crayfish, Wetland and Allluvial (wet woodland) should be followed.

See Table 7-1for further mitigation measures. The above measures will control sediment mobilisation and reduce the risk of pollution incidents thereby reducing the potential significance of this source of impact, including cumulative and/or in-combination impacts on Lough Owel Changes in The lake habitat is dependent on specific Follow protocols and No water levels/ hydrological regime attributes, including water OPW Environmental Procedures adverse channel level fluctuations. Drainage maintenance (EP) (OPW 2018) effects morphology activities, such as silt and vegetation management can result in the deepening and widening of channels which could impact on Maintenance works to restore surface water flows. This could have adverse the system to design standard impacts on the lake habitat and a number of only. attributes, including habitat area, habitat distribution and vegetation composition. However, significant changes to the hydrological regime are unlikely as the works will restore the system to the design standard only. The drainage maintenance activities are therefore unlikely to impact significantly on attributes used

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Site Name Qualifying Interests/ Potential Pathway Impact on Attribute and Target Prior to Avoidance / Mitigation Residual (site code) Special Source of Mitigation / Avoidance Measures Impact Conservation Impact Interests to define conservation status.

White-clawed crayfish Disturbance Land and Air White-clawed Crayfish are susceptible to habitat Follow protocols and No Austropotamobius modification within a 50m buffer zone. The OPW Environmental Procedures adverse pallipes dredging or alteration of stream channels or (EP) (OPW 2018) - effects banks could destroy Crayfish burrows and alter particularly Crayfish EP, habitats including but not limited to reducing new excavations to the middle leaving 25% of marginal silt and vegetation on both sides of channel. Maintenance works to restore the system to design standard only

Spread of non- Land and Air White-clawed Crayfish are extremely susceptible Follow protocols and No native alien to the waterborne Crayfish plague which can be OPW Environmental Procedures adverse invasive carried on contaminated wet plant. (EP) (OPW 2018) particularly effects species Section 3 Invasive Species and EPs Spread of Invasive Plant (low biosecurity), Spread of Water based Invasives (High biosecurity) where necessary. Also follow EPs Cleaning Boats and Invasive Plants Treatment

Lough Owel Transition mires and Release of Groundwater Water dependant habitats at this site that have Surface water pathways leading No SAC quaking bogs [7140] suspended direct or indirect groundwater linkages (i.e. to groundwater pathways may adverse (000688) Alkaline fens [7230] solids through surface water pathways) will be not be visible so protocols and effects influenced by the release or changes in nutrient EPs in and OPW Environmental Release or levels / pollutants, if any pollutants or nutrients Procedures (EP) (OPW 2018) changes in released cause changes in the quality of the should be followed. -

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Site Name Qualifying Interests/ Potential Pathway Impact on Attribute and Target Prior to Avoidance / Mitigation Residual (site code) Special Source of Mitigation / Avoidance Measures Impact Conservation Impact Interests nutrient levels/ habitats present at the site. Habitat structure, Specifically, the procedures pollutants vegetation composition and area can be under the Environmental impacted by changes to groundwater. Changes Drainage Procedure EP, Changes in to water levels could dry out wetlands such as including compliance with the water levels/ transition mires and quaking bogs and fens. 10-point plan and auditing channel processes. Works should follow morphology those as described in guidance under the Silt Management EP, including but not limited to working from downstream to upstream, skipping sections and leaving buffer zones both instream and along the banks. Works should follow the EP on Wetland and Allluvial (wet woodland)

No works should occur within wetland habitats of Lough Owel SAC (000688) River Otter Lutra lutra Release of Surface Drainage maintenance activities could impact on Follow protocols and No Shannon suspended Water water quality in the River Shannon Callows SAC, OPW Environmental Procedures adverse Callows SAC solids and consequently negatively impact on Otter (EP) (OPW 2018) - effects (000216) through the release of suspended sediments, Particularly EP Silt Management Release or nutrients and / or pollution incidents which could Procedure potentially result in reduced water quality, changes in nutrient levels/ increased turbidity and eutrophication, which could then result in algal blooms. See Table 7-1 for further pollutants mitigation measures This could affect the food supplies of Otter Changes in Changes to water levels could water levels/ channel morphology

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Site Name Qualifying Interests/ Potential Pathway Impact on Attribute and Target Prior to Avoidance / Mitigation Residual (site code) Special Source of Mitigation / Avoidance Measures Impact Conservation Impact Interests Otter Lutra lutra Physical Land and Air Physical disturbance can impact on Otter Follow protocols and No disturbance of through reducing the extent of habitat (terrestrial, OPW Environmental Procedures adverse habitat river, or lake) and availability of couch or holt (EP) (OPW 2018) - effects sites (Otters need lying up areas throughout their Particularly EP Otter procedure Noise and territory where they are secure from disturbance). Removal of woody vegetation visual Specific procedures relevant to disturbance along the river corridor, along with riparian and in-channel vegetation, can make a watercourse Otter include checking mapping less optimal for Otter, potentially displacing them and reporting of Otter holts on from a particular location. However, given that gangers' card, maintaining a maintenance activities are conducted along buffer zone of 20m for general watercourses that have been periodically subject maintenance works that may be to such activities, and that the bank of operation increased depending on the remains consistent, there will generally be a works and obtaining a working corridor along the channels which has derogation license, prior to works been subject to periodic physical disturbance. commencing The habitats supporting Otter populations are also subject to regular periods of maintenance and there will be a period of habitat recovery upon completion of an activity within which species will re-colonise areas they have potentially been displaced from. Where vegetation growth is extensive, and maintenance hasn't been done periodically, a pre-works survey in these areas where works are beyond the normal may be required to ensure no holts/couches will be destroyed.

Otter are sensitive species that can be disturbed by the noise and movements created by certain activities such as machine operations, which can displace these species from a particular location. This could impact on the distribution of a species in a particular area. However, maintenance operations and the associated works are undertaken on a periodic basis and only

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Site Name Qualifying Interests/ Potential Pathway Impact on Attribute and Target Prior to Avoidance / Mitigation Residual (site code) Special Source of Mitigation / Avoidance Measures Impact Conservation Impact Interests generate noise and visual disturbance on a short-term, temporary basis. Consequently, whilst Otter may be displaced from a working area during the actual period of works, they are unlikely to be permanently displaced and so no long-term significant impacts are likely on these species. Molinia meadows on Physical Land and Air Physical alterations to wet grassland (Molinia The absence of Annex 1 Molinia No calcareous, peaty or disturbance of meadows) and hay meadow habitats by direct meadows and Lowland hay adverse clavey-silt-laden soils habitat disturbance may cause a reduction in the area or meadows habitats in the area effects (Molinion caeruleae) quality of habitats present, increasing negative surveyed (adjacent to arterial indicator species present and reducing the drainage maintenance channels Lowland hay presence of elements of local distinctiveness at Shannon Bridge), indicates meadows (Alopecurus such as notable flora and fauna, that specific mitigation is not pratensis, required for physical disturbance Sanguisorba Areas of dry meadows were found near Shannon of these habitats for the officinalis) Harbour, but these were not classified as the proposed works. However using Annex I habitat Lowland hay meadows. the precautionary principal, Likewise, there was no record of wet grassland areas of wetland should use equivalent to the Annex I habitat Molinia Wetland EP, and areas of dry meadows made during the survey. meadow should be considered potential Lowland hay meadows, and disturbance should be avoided where possible. Follow protocols and OPW Environmental Procedures (EP) (OPW 2018) River Molinia meadows on Release of Groundwater Water dependant habitats (like Molinia Surface water pathways leading No Shannon calcareous, peaty or suspended meadows) at this site that have direct or indirect to groundwater pathways may adverse Callows SAC clavey-silt-laden soils solids groundwater linkages (i.e. through surface water not be visible so protocols and effects (000216) (Molinion caeruleae) pathways) will be influenced by the release or EPs in and OPW Environmental [6410] Release or changes in nutrient levels / pollutants, if any Procedures (EP) (OPW 2018) changes in pollutants or nutrients released cause changes in should be followed. - Alluvial forests with nutrient levels/ the quality of the habitats present at the site. Specifically, the procedures Alnus glutinosa and pollutants Habitat structure, vegetation composition and under the Environmental

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Site Name Qualifying Interests/ Potential Pathway Impact on Attribute and Target Prior to Avoidance / Mitigation Residual (site code) Special Source of Mitigation / Avoidance Measures Impact Conservation Impact Interests Fraxinus excelsior area can be impacted by changes to Drainage Procedure EP, (Alno-Padion, Alnion Changes in groundwater. Changes to water levels could dry including compliance with the incanae, Salicion water levels/ out wet grasslands. 10-point plan and auditing albae) [91E0] channel processes. Works should follow morphology Though Molinia meadows and Alluvial forests those as described in guidance were not recorded during the survey at Shannon under the Silt Management EP, Bridge, they could be impacted by groundwater including but not limited to over some distance. working from downstream to upstream, skipping sections and leaving buffer zones both instream and along the banks. Works should follow the EP on Wetland

See Table 7-1 for further mitigation measures

Maintenance works to restore the system to the design standard only Clara Bog Bog woodland [91D0*] Release of Surface Water dependant habitats at this site such as Surface water pathways leading No SAC suspended Water bog woodland, that have direct or indirect to groundwater pathways may adverse (000572) solids groundwater linkages (i.e. through surface water not be visible so follow protocols effects pathways), will be influenced by the release or and EPs in and OPW Release or changes in nutrient levels / pollutants, if any Environmental Procedures (EP) changes in pollutants or nutrients released cause changes in (OPW 2018) - specifically, the nutrient levels/ the quality of the habitats present at the site. procedures under the pollutants Habitat structure, vegetation composition and Environmental Drainage area can be impacted by changes to Procedure EP, including groundwater compliance with the 10-point Changes in plan and auditing processes. water levels/ Bog woodland requires high groundwater levels Works should follow those as channel describes in guidance under the morphology and so are also vulnerable to changes in water levels, as they may impact upon the hydrological Silt Management EP, including regime. Surface water flows should be but not limited to working from

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Site Name Qualifying Interests/ Potential Pathway Impact on Attribute and Target Prior to Avoidance / Mitigation Residual (site code) Special Source of Mitigation / Avoidance Measures Impact Conservation Impact Interests maintained or restored and changes in water downstream to upstream, levels can prevent this target from being skipping sections and leaving achieved. Drainage lowers the water table and buffer zones both instream and wetland surfaces dry out. This reduces the along the banks. Machinery availability of suitable habitat. Lower water Related Procedures should be levels may cause peat to compress under its followed to include no refuelling own weight, preventing active peat formation within 50m of a watercourse, use where appropriate. Impact from change in of biodegradable oils, ensure hydrological condition may affect soil moisture availability of spill kits and leave levels thus affecting vegetation type and quality. natural vegetation buffer strip Changes to water levels could dry out wetlands along the bank. such bog woodland Works should follow the Wetland EP

See Table 7-1 for further mitigation measures

Maintenance works to restore the system to the design standard only Clara Bog Active raised bogs Disturbance Land and air Physical alterations to bog habitats by direct Limit works and physical No SAC (000572 disturbance may cause a reduction in the area or disturbance to habitats around adverse Degraded raised bogs Physical quality of habitats present, increasing negative Clara Bog SAC to prevent effects still capable of natural alterations to indicator species present and reducing the deterioration of supporting bog regeneration the habitat presence of elements of local distinctiveness habitat. such as notable flora and fauna,, or features of

hydrological interest. Follow biosecurity procedures as Depressions on peat Reduction in substrates of the area or quality defined in the EP on Spread of Rhynchosporion of habitats Disturbance to the bog habitats can cause the Invasive Plant (Low Biosecurity) spread of non-native invasive species including Procedure, prior to working Lodgepole Pine, Rhododendron and within or adjacent to Clara Bog Non-native Pitcherplant. Cumulative and/or in-combination SAC at all times, as identification invasive impacts may arise as a result of the disturbance of key invasive species at this species to stands of NNIS, reduction in habitat quality site may not be within the causing increase in availability of susceptible competency range of all staff.

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Site Name Qualifying Interests/ Potential Pathway Impact on Attribute and Target Prior to Avoidance / Mitigation Residual (site code) Special Source of Mitigation / Avoidance Measures Impact Conservation Impact Interests bare ground prone to infestation with NNIS.

Active raised bogs Release of Groundwater Changes to water levels in general, may impact As identified in mitigation No [7110] suspended upon groundwater dependant habitats such as measures for surface water adverse solids bogs and associated supporting habitats. These pathways, groundwater effects Degraded raised bogs protected habitats are also susceptible to pathways may not be visible so still capable of natural Release or changes in water quality as a result of the follow the procedures under the regeneration [7120] changes in release of suspended solids, introduction of Environmental Drainage pollutants or changes to nutrient levels Procedure EP, including nutrient levels/ pollutants transferred through groundwater pathways. As compliance with the 10-point Bog woodland [91D0] with surface water impacts, they area also plan and auditing processes. vulnerable to changes in water levels or channel Works should follow those as Changes in morphology impacting upon the hydrological described in guidance under the water levels/ regime. Drainage lowers the water table and Silt Management EP, including channel peat drops; the bog surface dries out and pools but not limited to working morphology become absent or rare. Cover of typical species upstream, skipping sections and is reduced and peat compresses under its own leaving buffer zones both weight, causing further degradation of the instream and along the banks. protected habitats. Lowering of the water table Machinery Related Procedures also causes a slope in bog surface, increasing should be followed to include no rainfall runoff, further speeding degradation of refuelling within 50m of a the habitat. watercourse, use of biodegradable oils, ensure availability of spill kits and leave natural vegetation buffer strip along the bank.

See Table 7-1 for further measures.

Works within or adjacent to wetlands should follow the Wetland EP, including, but not limited to protecting the wetlands hydraulics and minimising or

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Site Name Qualifying Interests/ Potential Pathway Impact on Attribute and Target Prior to Avoidance / Mitigation Residual (site code) Special Source of Mitigation / Avoidance Measures Impact Conservation Impact Interests avoiding maintenance. No works should occur within wetland or bog habitats of Clara Bog SAC (000572)

Split Hills Semi-natural dry Disturbance Land and air Physical alterations to Semi-natural dry Semi-natural dry grasslands No and Long Hill grasslands and grasslands by direct disturbance may cause a were not recorded in the survey adverse Esker SAC scrubland facies on Physical reduction in the area or quality of habitats area within 10m of the drainage effects (001831 calcareous substrates alterations to present, increasing negative indicator species channel, however dry meadows (Festuco Brometalia) the habitat present and reducing the presence of elements were recorded and using the (*important orchid of local distinctiveness such as notable flora and precautionary principal should be sites) fauna. treated as potential Semi-natural Reduction in dry grasslands and disturbance area or quality should be avoided where of habitats Annex 1 Semi-natural dry grasslands habitat was not recorded in the survey area within 10m of the possible. drainage channel . Non-native invasive species Charleville Desmoulin’s Whorl Release of Surface Desmoulin’s Whorl Snail is a ground and surface Surface water pathways leading No Wood SAC Snail Vertigo suspended Water water dependent snail and requires strong to groundwater pathways may adverse (000571) moulinsiana solids vegetation, ideally tall sedges with a deep litter not be visible so follow protocols effects and open water nearby (Moorkens et al, 2011) and EPs in and OPW Release or Environmental Procedures (EP) changes in This wetland habitat is influenced by (OPW 2018) - specifically, the nutrient levels/ groundwater and surface water connectivity. procedures under the pollutants Habitats with water connectivity are susceptible Environmental Drainage to changes in water quality as a result of the Procedure EP, including release of suspended solids, introduction of compliance with the 10-point pollutants or changes to nutrient levels. Changes plan and auditing processes. to water chemistry that may occur, may not Works should follow those as support the natural structure and functioning of describes in guidance under the the habitats present. Changes in nutrient levels Silt Management EP, including may alter typical vegetation composition and but not limited to working from ability of wetland to support Annex II species downstream to upstream,

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Site Name Qualifying Interests/ Potential Pathway Impact on Attribute and Target Prior to Avoidance / Mitigation Residual (site code) Special Source of Mitigation / Avoidance Measures Impact Conservation Impact Interests such as Desmoulin’s Whorl Snail. skipping sections and leaving buffer zones both instream and along the banks. Machinery Related Procedures should be followed to include no refuelling within 50m of a watercourse, use of biodegradable oils, ensure availability of spill kits and leave natural vegetation buffer strip along the bank. For any areas of wetlands works should follow the Wetland Procedure EP, protect the wetlands hydraulics and minimise or avoid maintenance. No works should take place on Channel C8(7) within Charleville Wood SAC (000859) to protect Annex II species Desmoulin’s Whorl Snail. Charleville Desmoulin’s Whorl Changes in Wetland habitats supporting Desmoulin’s Whorl Follow protocols and No Wood SAC Snail Vertigo water levels/ Snail require high groundwater levels and so are OPW Environmental Procedures adverse (000571) moulinsiana channel also vulnerable to changes in water levels, as (EP) (OPW 2018) effects morphology they may impact upon the hydrological regime. Surface water flows should be maintained or restored and changes in water levels can Maintenance works to restore prevent this target from being achieved. the system to the design Drainage lowers the water table and wetland standard only surfaces dry out. This reduces the availability of suitable habitat, alters species diversity and For any areas of wetlands works reduces the presence of brown mosses and should follow the Wetland other typical vascular plant species. Lower water Procedure EP, protect the levels may cause peat to compress under its wetlands hydraulics and own weight, preventing active peat formation minimise or avoid maintenance. where appropriate. Impact from change in No works should take place on hydrological condition may affect soil moisture Channel C8(7) within Charleville

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Site Name Qualifying Interests/ Potential Pathway Impact on Attribute and Target Prior to Avoidance / Mitigation Residual (site code) Special Source of Mitigation / Avoidance Measures Impact Conservation Impact Interests levels thus affecting vegetation type, quality and Wood SAC (000859) ability to support Annex II species such as Desmoulin’s Whorl Snail See Table 7-1 for further mitigation measures. Desmoulin’s Whorl Physical Land and Air Physical alterations to wetland habitat may occur For any areas of wetlands works No Snail Vertigo disturbance of indirectly through increased drainage causing should follow the Wetland adverse moulinsiana [1016 habitat drying out of habitats, or directly to habitats. Procedure EP, protect the effects Physical alterations to these habitats may cause wetlands hydraulics and Spread of a reduction in the area or quality of habitats minimise or avoid maintenance. negative present, increasing negative indicator species species present, reducing the presence of elements of No works shall take place on local distinctiveness such as notable flora and Channel C8(7) within Charleville fauna, or features of hydrological interest, and Wood SAC (000859) Spread of non- may affect vegetation type, quality and ability to native alien support Annex II species such as Desmoulin’s invasive Whorl Snail Follow biosecurity procedures as species defined in the EP on Spread of Invasive Plant (Low Biosecurity) Disturbance to the wetland habitats can cause Procedure, prior to working the spread of negative and non-native invasive within or adjacent to wetlands species including graminoids such as Reed Canary-grass Phalaris arundinacea and Reed sweet-grass Glyceria maxima, tall herbs such as Great willowherb Epilobium hirsutum, Bracken Pteridium aquilinum, Bramble Rubus fruticosus and Common Nettle Urtica dioica, and bryophytes such as Brachythecium rutabulum and Kindbergia praelonga. Cumulative and/or in- combination impacts may arise as a result of the disturbance to stands of NNIS that may already be present or may have been introduced since the ecological surveys. A reduction in habitat quality due to an increase in availability of susceptible bare ground, may leave areas more prone to infestation with NNIS.

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Site Name Qualifying Interests/ Potential Pathway Impact on Attribute and Target Prior to Avoidance / Mitigation Residual (site code) Special Source of Mitigation / Avoidance Measures Impact Conservation Impact Interests Charleville Old sessile oak woods Physical Physical disturbance to Oak woodland may Avoid working within Charleville Wood SAC with Ilex and disturbance of occur from gaining access to drainage channels Wood SAC. (000571) Blechnum in British habitat via machine access corridors (MAC) within a Follow biosecurity procedures as Isles woodland. defined in the EP on Spread of Disturbance to the woodland can cause the Invasive Plant (Low Biosecurity) Spread of non- spread of non-native species such as Procedure, prior to working native alien Rhododendron and Cherry Laurel. within or adjacent to woodlands invasive species

Desmoulin’s Whorl Release of Groundwater Desmoulin’s Whorl Snail is a ground and surface As identified in mitigation No Snail Vertigo suspended water dependent snail. measures for surface water adverse moulinsiana [1016 solids Changes to water levels in general, may impact pathways, groundwater effects upon groundwater dependant habitats such as pathways may not be visible so Release or wetlands. These protected habitats are also follow the procedures under the changes in susceptible to changes in water quality as a Environmental Drainage nutrient levels/ result of the release of suspended solids, Procedure EP, including pollutants introduction of pollutants or changes to nutrient compliance with the 10-point plan and auditing processes. levels transferred through groundwater pathways. As with surface water impacts, they Works should follow those as Changes in area also vulnerable to changes in water levels described in guidance under the water levels/ or channel morphology impacting upon the Silt Management EP, including channel hydrological regime. Drainage lowers the water but not limited to working morphology table and allows wetlands to dry out. Cover of upstream, skipping sections and typical species is reduced causing degradation leaving buffer zones both of the habitat and reduced ability to support instream and along the banks. Annex II species such as Desmoulin’s Whorl Machinery Related Procedures Snail should be followed to include no refuelling within 50m of a watercourse, use of biodegradable oils, ensure availability of spill kits and leave natural vegetation buffer strip along the bank.

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Site Name Qualifying Interests/ Potential Pathway Impact on Attribute and Target Prior to Avoidance / Mitigation Residual (site code) Special Source of Mitigation / Avoidance Measures Impact Conservation Impact Interests See Table 7-1 for further measures.

Works within or adjacent to wetlands should follow the Wetland Procedure EP, including, but not limited to protecting the wetlands hydraulics and minimising or avoiding maintenance. No works should take place on Channel C8(7) within Charleville Wood SAC (000859) Lough Ennell Alkaline fens Release of Surface Fen habitat occurs in scattered areas around the Surface water pathways leading No SAC suspended water shores of Lough Ennell and grades into reed to groundwater pathways may adverse (000685) solids swamp, freshwater marsh and wet woodland in not be visible so works on effects places. It is best developed particularly at channels (C35(1), C35(2), Robinstown, Derries, on the eastern side of the C36(1), C37(1), C38(1), C39(1), lake, and at the inlets and outlets of the River C40(1), C41(1), C42(1), C43(1), Brosna (NPWS, 2018i) C44(1), C45(1)) within 5km of Release or Fen habitats are influenced by groundwater and Lough Ennell should follow changes in surface water connectivity. Habitats with water protocols and EPs in OPW nutrient levels/ connectivity are susceptible to changes in water Environmental Procedures (EP) pollutants quality as a result of the release of suspended (OPW 2018) - specifically, the solids, introduction of pollutants or changes to procedures under the nutrient levels. Changes to water chemistry that Environmental Drainage may occur, may not support the natural structure Procedure EP, including compliance with the 10-point and functioning of the habitats present. Fens are naturally poor in nitrogen and phosphorous, so plan and auditing processes.

increases in levels of these may alter typical Works should follow those as vegetation composition and ability to support describes in guidance under the Annex II species Silt Management EP, including but not limited to working from downstream to upstream,

skipping sections and leaving buffer zones both instream and

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Site Name Qualifying Interests/ Potential Pathway Impact on Attribute and Target Prior to Avoidance / Mitigation Residual (site code) Special Source of Mitigation / Avoidance Measures Impact Conservation Impact Interests along the banks. Machinery Related Procedures should be followed to include no refuelling within 50m of a watercourse, use of biodegradable oils, ensure availability of spill kits and leave natural vegetation buffer strip along the bank.

Works on sections of drainage channels adjacent to forestry plantations should be avoided where possible (i.e. 41(1), C45(3) and C45(10)). If necessary, works are undertaken in or near these areas, work should be undertaken from the opposite bank and remain clear of the forested bank side. In situations where there may be a more significant build-up of silt, debris or nutrients e.g. during sluice maintenance or when clearing channels adjacent to coniferous woodlands or agricultural lands, there will be a 20m section of channel unmaintained at the channel outfall and if this is not naturally present, additional silt mitigation measures will be implemented including the use of geotextiles, clean washed stone and coarse sand (where suitable), removal of material and/or other silt

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Site Name Qualifying Interests/ Potential Pathway Impact on Attribute and Target Prior to Avoidance / Mitigation Residual (site code) Special Source of Mitigation / Avoidance Measures Impact Conservation Impact Interests filtration techniques. The method used will be on a case-by-case basis and methods used will be documented and discussed with environment team.

See Table 7-1 for further mitigation measures Lough Ennell Changes in Fens require high groundwater levels and so are Maintenance works to restore No SAC water levels/ also vulnerable to changes in water levels, as the system to the design adverse (000685) channel they may impact upon the hydrological regime. standard only effects morphology Surface water flows should be maintained or restored and changes in water levels can Areas of fen adjacent to prevent this target from being achieved. Channels C35(1), C35(2), Drainage lowers the water table and wetland C36(1), C37(1), C38(1), C39(1), surfaces dry out. This reduces the availability of C40(1), C41(1), C42(1), C43(1), suitable habitat, alters species diversity and C44(1), C45(1) should be reduces the presence of brown mosses and considered wetlands and works other typical vascular plant species. Lower water should follow the Wetland levels may cause peat to compress under its Procedure EP, to protect the own weight, preventing active peat formation wetlands hydraulics and where appropriate. Impact from change in minimise or avoid maintenance. hydrological condition may affect soil moisture No works should occur within levels thus affecting vegetation type, quality and wetland habitats of Lough Ennell ability to support Annex II species SAC (000859)

Lough Ennell Alkaline fens Physical Land and Air Physical alterations to fen habitat may occur Areas of fen were mapped No SAC disturbance of indirectly through increased drainage causing adjacent to drainage channels adverse (000685) habitat drying out of habitats, or directly to habitats as C35(2), C37(1), C38(1), C41(1), effects the area of works is located directly adjacent or C42(1), C43(1). Spread of within the SAC on Channels C35(2), C37(1), No works should occur within negative C38(1), C41(1), C42(1), C43(1). Physical these wetland habitats of Lough species alterations to the fen habitats may cause a Ennell SAC (000859). reduction in the area or quality of habitats

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Site Name Qualifying Interests/ Potential Pathway Impact on Attribute and Target Prior to Avoidance / Mitigation Residual (site code) Special Source of Mitigation / Avoidance Measures Impact Conservation Impact Interests present, increasing negative indicator species Spread of non- present, reducing the presence of elements of native alien local distinctiveness such as notable flora and invasive fauna, or features of hydrological interest, and may affect vegetation type and quality Follow biosecurity procedures as species defined in the EP on Spread of Invasive Plant (Low Biosecurity) Disturbance to the fen habitats can cause the Procedure, prior to working spread of non-native invasive species as well as within or adjacent Lough Ennell negative species including graminoids such as SAC at all times reed canary-grass Phalaris arundinacea and reed sweet-grass Glyceria maxima, tall herbs such as great willowherb Epilobium hirsutum, bracken Pteridium aquilinum, bramble Rubus fruticosus and common nettle Urtica dioica, and bryophytes such as Brachythecium rutabulum and Kindbergia praelonga. Cumulative and/or in- combination impacts may arise as a result of the disturbance to stands of NNIS that may already be present or may have been introduced since the ecological surveys. A reduction in habitat quality due to an increase in availability of susceptible bare ground, may leave areas more prone to infestation with NNIS. Lough Ennell Alkaline fens [7230] Release of Groundwater Water dependant habitats at this site that have Surface water pathways leading No SAC suspended direct or indirect groundwater linkages (i.e. to groundwater pathways may adverse (000685) solids through surface water pathways) will be not be visible so protocols and effects influenced by the release or changes in nutrient EPs in and OPW Environmental Release or levels / pollutants, if any pollutants or nutrients Procedures (EP) (OPW 2018) changes in released cause changes in the quality of the should be followed. - nutrient levels/ habitats present at the site. Habitat structure, Specifically, the procedures pollutants vegetation composition and area can be under the Environmental impacted by changes to groundwater. Drainage Procedure EP, including compliance with the Changes in 10-point plan and auditing water levels/ processes. Works should follow channel those as described in guidance

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Site Name Qualifying Interests/ Potential Pathway Impact on Attribute and Target Prior to Avoidance / Mitigation Residual (site code) Special Source of Mitigation / Avoidance Measures Impact Conservation Impact Interests morphology under the Silt Management EP, including but not limited to working from downstream to upstream, skipping sections and leaving buffer zones both instream and along the banks. Works should follow the EP on Wetlands No works should occur within wetland habitats of Lough Ennell SAC (000859) Ferbane Bog Active raised bogs Release of Groundwater Changes to water levels in general, may impact Ferbane Bog and Moyclare Bog No SAC [7110] suspended upon groundwater dependant habitats such as are not directly adjacent to adverse (000575) solids bogs and associated supporting habitats. These channel works on the Brosna effects Degraded raised bogs protected habitats are also susceptible to Scheme. Moyclare still capable of natural Release or changes in water quality as a result of the Groundwater pathways may not Bog SAC regeneration [7120] changes in release of suspended solids, introduction of be visible so follow the (000581) nutrient levels/ pollutants or changes to nutrient levels procedures under the pollutants transferred through groundwater pathways. As Environmental Drainage with surface water impacts, they area also Procedure EP for channels vulnerable to changes in water levels or channel C1(1), M3(A) and C46(1), Changes in morphology impacting upon the hydrological including compliance with the water levels/ regime. Drainage lowers the water table and as 10-point plan and auditing channel peat drops, the bog surface dries out and pools processes. Works should follow morphology become absent or rare. Cover of typical species those as described in guidance is reduced and peat compresses under its own under the Silt Management EP, weight, causing further degradation of the including but not limited to protected habitats. Lowering of the water table working upstream, skipping also causes a slope in bog surface, increasing sections and leaving buffer rainfall runoff, further speeding degradation of zones both instream and along the habitat. the banks. Machinery Related Procedures should be followed to include no refuelling within 50m of a watercourse, use of biodegradable oils, ensure availability of spill kits and leave

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Site Name Qualifying Interests/ Potential Pathway Impact on Attribute and Target Prior to Avoidance / Mitigation Residual (site code) Special Source of Mitigation / Avoidance Measures Impact Conservation Impact Interests natural vegetation buffer strip along the bank.

See Table 7-1 for further measures. Lough Owel Release of Surface Drainage maintenance activities could impact on Surface water pathways may No SPA suspended water water quality in protected Wetlands [A999] and transfer suspended solids, adverse (004047) solids the Lough Owel, through the release of nutrients and/or pollutants that effects suspended sediments, nutrients and/ or pollution may arise as a result of the Release or incidents which could potentially result in works so follow protocols and changes in reduced water quality, increased turbidity and EPs in and OPW Environmental nutrient levels/ eutrophication. This in turn could then result in Procedures (EP) (OPW 2018) - pollutants algal blooms, through aquifer recharge, as well specifically the procedures under as a reduction in the habitats overall ability to the Environmental Drainage support Annex II species, such as Shoveler and Procedure EP, including Changes in Coot, for which the SPA is designated. compliance with the 10-point water levels/ Shoveler Anas Movement of large machinery, the removal of plan and auditing processes. clypeata channel trees or vegetation bankside and the movement Works should follow those as morphology Coot Fulica atra of soil bankside can impact on surface water described in guidance under the Silt Management EP, including dependent habitats and species indirectly through increased turbidity, which can reduce but not limited to working from Wetlands & photosynthesis levels and impact upon downstream to upstream, Waterbirds macrophyte communities and macroinvertebrate skipping sections and leaving fauna within the adjacent wetlands. buffer zones both instream and Drainage maintenance activities, such as silt and along the banks. Machinery vegetation management can result in the Related Procedures should be deepening and widening of channels which could followed to include no refuelling impact on surface water flows. This could have within 50m of a watercourse, use adverse impacts on the same habitats of biodegradable oils, ensure mentioned above, and the birds that may use availability of spill kits and leave them, potentially resulting in an overall reduction natural vegetation buffer strip in the suitability of the habitats and protected along the bank. wetlands to support Annex II species Areas adjacent to the SPA and its tributaries, should be

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Site Name Qualifying Interests/ Potential Pathway Impact on Attribute and Target Prior to Avoidance / Mitigation Residual (site code) Special Source of Mitigation / Avoidance Measures Impact Conservation Impact Interests considered for potential to be wetlands as these are protected. No works should occur within wetland habitats. Movement of equipment around the SPA and associated wetlands may require the use of bog mats to prevent release of unsuspended solids, nutrients and/or pollutants. In these situations, movement of equipment should follow the Wetland Procedure EP, protect the wetlands hydraulics and minimise or avoid maintenance.

Birds Procedures should be followed when working in the vicinity of the SPA. During winter consideration and the relevant adjustments to these procedures must be made to protect wintering birds

See Table 7-1for further mitigation measures. The above measures will control sediment mobilisation and reduce the risk of pollution incidents thereby reducing the potential significance of this source of impact, including cumulative and/or in-combination impacts, on the wetland and supporting habitats within this SPA, that may occur through

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Site Name Qualifying Interests/ Potential Pathway Impact on Attribute and Target Prior to Avoidance / Mitigation Residual (site code) Special Source of Mitigation / Avoidance Measures Impact Conservation Impact Interests surface water pathways.

Lough Owel Noise and Land and air Qualifying Interest birds that may be present in Any unnecessary noise or visual No SPA visual the SPA and use Lough Owel and associated disturbances to bird within the adverse (004047) disturbance tributaries within and adjacent to the SPA are at SPA will be avoided and effects risk from noise and visual disturbance as a result temporary only where of the works of the Scheme. necessary. Wintering birds within the SPA will already be Birds Procedures should be accustomed to a low level of occasional followed when working in the disturbance due to agricultural activities, fishing vicinity of the SPA. and tourism, and the Scheme may provide During winter consideration must cumulative impacts. be given to the QIs fo this site Shoveler Anas Disturbance can include noise from staff and and the relevant adjustments will clypeata machinery operating in the area, visual be made to these procedures to disturbances from general daytime movement of protect wintering birds This Coot Fulica atra people and machinery at work, and physical includes using short lengths of disturbances that cause alterations to the screening to prevent disturbance supporting and protected habitats present. Noise to birds when working in the

and visual disturbances will be temporary. same area for any period of time, Disturbance can cause displacement of that may be considered any protected species, requiring increased energy longer than temporary (i.e. over expenditure, particularly during winter. one day within 100m of lake). Due to the Scheme works, there may be a temporary decrease in the range, timing or intensity of use of areas by protected birds in this SPA, outside of those occurring from natural patterns of variation.

Lough Owel Physical Physical alterations to the habitat may occur due Works within potential wetlands No SPA alterations/ to the physical removal of vegetation or the should follow the Wetland adverse (004047) Wetlands & disturbance to addition of soil to raise and/or level out land Procedure EP to protect the effects Waterbirds habitat which should not occur as part of the proposed wetlands hydraulics and to scheme but may contribute cumulative impacts minimise the disturbance of Reduction in from local land maintenance these habitats.

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Site Name Qualifying Interests/ Potential Pathway Impact on Attribute and Target Prior to Avoidance / Mitigation Residual (site code) Special Source of Mitigation / Avoidance Measures Impact Conservation Impact Interests area or quality Physical alterations may cause a reduction in of habitats area or quality of habitats that are QIs of the SPA, or that are supporting habitats for its QIs.

Middle Noise and Land and air Qualifying Interest birds that may be present in Any unnecessary noise or visual No Shannon visual the SPA and use Middle Shannon Callows SPA disturbances to bird within the adverse Callows SPA disturbance (004096) and associated tributaries within and SPA will be avoided and effects (004096) Whooper Swan adjacent to the SPA are at risk from noise and temporary only where Cygnus cygnus visual disturbance as a result of the works of the necessary. Scheme. Birds Procedures should be Wigeon Anas Wintering birds within the SPA will already be followed when working in the penelope accustomed to a low level of occasional vicinity of the SPA. disturbance due to agricultural activities, fishing During winter consideration must Corncrake Crex crex and tourism, and the Scheme may provide be given to the QIs for this site cumulative impacts. and the relevant adjustments will Disturbance can include noise from staff and be made to these procedures to Golden Plover machinery operating in the area, visual protect wintering birds This Pluvialis apricaria disturbances from general daytime movement of includes using short lengths of people and machinery at work, and physical screening to prevent disturbance Lapwing Vanellus disturbances that cause alterations to the to birds when working in the vanellus supporting and protected habitats present. Noise same area for any period of time, and visual disturbances will be temporary. that may be considered any Black-tailed Godwit Disturbance can cause displacement of longer than temporary (i.e. over Limosa limosa protected species, requiring increased energy one day within 100m of lake in winter). expenditure, particularly during winter.

Black-headed Gull Due to the Scheme works, there may be a Chroicocephalus temporary decrease in the range, timing or ridibundus intensity of use of areas by protected birds in this SPA, outside of those occurring from natural patterns of variation.

Physical Physical alterations to the habitat may occur due Works within potential wetlands No Wetlands & alterations/ to the physical removal of vegetation or the should follow the Wetland adverse Waterbirds disturbance to addition of soil to raise and/or level out land Procedure EP to protect the effects which should not occur as part of the proposed wetlands hydraulics and to

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Site Name Qualifying Interests/ Potential Pathway Impact on Attribute and Target Prior to Avoidance / Mitigation Residual (site code) Special Source of Mitigation / Avoidance Measures Impact Conservation Impact Interests habitat scheme but may contribute cumulative impacts minimise the disturbance of from local land maintenance these habitats. Reduction in Physical alterations may cause a reduction in area or quality area or quality of habitats that are QIs of the of habitats SPA, or that are supporting habitats for its QIs.

Middle Release of Groundwater Impacts that may arise through groundwater Groundwater pathways may not No Shannon nutrients pathways and impact upon the QIs of this SPA always be visible and may adverse effects Callows SPA are as those described for Surface water transfer nutrients may arise as a (004096) Deepening and impacts. result of the works so follow widening of Drainage maintenance activities could impact on protocols and EPs in and OPW channel to water quality in protected habitats and Environmental Procedures (EP) original design supporting habitats in the area, through the (OPW 2018) - specifically the procedures under the Whooper Swan level release of nutrients which could potentially result Environmental Drainage Cygnus cygnus in reduced water quality, increased turbidity and eutrophication. Procedure EP, including Wigeon Anas Changes in compliance with the 10-point penelope water levels/ plan and auditing processes. Golden Plover channel Movement of large machinery, the removal of Works should follow those as Pluvialis apricaria morphology trees or vegetation bankside and the movement described in guidance under the of soil bankside can impact on surface water Lapwing Vanellus Silt Management EP, including dependent habitats and species and supporting vanellus but not limited to working groundwater dependant habitats directly or upstream, skipping sections and Black-tailed Godwit indirectly should they be transported through Limosa leaving buffer zones both groundwater pathways. instream and along the banks.

Machinery Related Procedures Wetlands & Drainage maintenance activities, such as silt and should be followed to include no Waterbirds limosa vegetation management can result in the refuelling within 50m of a deepening and widening of channels which could watercourse, use of impact on water levels. This could have adverse biodegradable oils, ensure impacts on the same habitats mentioned above, availability of spill kits and leave and the birds that may use them, potentially natural vegetation buffer strip resulting in an overall reduction in the suitability along the bank. of the habitats and protected wetlands to support Annex II species Movement of equipment around

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Site Name Qualifying Interests/ Potential Pathway Impact on Attribute and Target Prior to Avoidance / Mitigation Residual (site code) Special Source of Mitigation / Avoidance Measures Impact Conservation Impact Interests the SPA and associated wetlands may require the use of bog mats to prevent release of suspended solids, nutrients and/or pollutants. In these situations, movement of equipment should follow the Wetland Procedure EP, protect the wetlands hydraulics and minimise or avoid maintenance.

See Table 7-1 for further mitigation measures.

The above measures will control sediment mobilisation and reduce the risk of pollution incidents thereby reducing the potential significance of this source of impact, including cumulative and/or in-combination impacts, on the wetland and supporting habitats within this SPA, that may occur through groundwater pathways. Lough Ennell Pochard Aythya ferina Release of Surface Drainage maintenance activities could impact on Surface water pathways may No SPA suspended water water quality in protected Wetlands [A999] and transfer suspended solids, adverse effects (004044) Tufted Duck Aythya solids the Lough Owel, through the release of nutrients and/or pollutants that fuligula suspended sediments, nutrients and/ or pollution may arise as a result of the Release or incidents which could potentially result in works on all channels entering reduced water quality, increased turbidity and Lough Ennell so follow protocols Coot Fulica atra changes in nutrient levels/ eutrophication. This in turn could then result in and EPs in and OPW pollutants algal blooms, through aquifer recharge, as well Environmental Procedures (EP) as a reduction in the habitats overall ability to (OPW 2018) - specifically the Wetlands & Waterbirds support Annex II species, such as Shoveler and procedures under the Changes in

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Site Name Qualifying Interests/ Potential Pathway Impact on Attribute and Target Prior to Avoidance / Mitigation Residual (site code) Special Source of Mitigation / Avoidance Measures Impact Conservation Impact Interests water levels/ Coot, for which the SPA is designated. Environmental Drainage channel Movement of large machinery, the removal of Procedure EP, including morphology trees or vegetation bankside and the movement compliance with the 10-point of soil bankside can impact on surface water plan and auditing processes. dependent habitats and species indirectly Works should follow those as through increased turbidity, which can reduce described in guidance under the photosynthesis levels and impact upon Silt Management EP, including macrophyte communities and macroinvertebrate but not limited to working from fauna within the adjacent wetlands. downstream to upstream, Drainage maintenance activities, such as silt and skipping sections and leaving vegetation management can result in the buffer zones both instream and deepening and widening of channels which could along the banks. Machinery impact on surface water flows. This could have Related Procedures should be adverse impacts on the same habitats followed to include no refuelling mentioned above, and the birds that may use within 50m of a watercourse, use them, potentially resulting in an overall reduction of biodegradable oils, ensure in the suitability of the habitats and protected availability of spill kits and leave wetlands to support Annex II species natural vegetation buffer strip along the bank.

Areas adjacent to the SPA and its tributaries, should be considered for potential to be wetlands as these are protected. No works should occur within wetland habitats. Movement of equipment around the SPA and associated wetlands may require the use of bog mats to prevent release of unsuspended solids, nutrients and/or pollutants. In these situations, movement of equipment should follow the Wetland Procedure EP, protect the wetlands hydraulics and minimise or avoid maintenance.

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Site Name Qualifying Interests/ Potential Pathway Impact on Attribute and Target Prior to Avoidance / Mitigation Residual (site code) Special Source of Mitigation / Avoidance Measures Impact Conservation Impact Interests

Birds Procedures EP should be followed when working in the vicinity of the SPA. During winter consideration and the relevant adjustments to these procedures must be made to protect wintering birds.

See Table 7-1 for further mitigation measures. The above measures will control sediment mobilisation and reduce the risk of pollution incidents thereby reducing the potential significance of this source of impact, including cumulative and/or in-combination impacts, on the wetland and supporting habitats within this SPA, that may occur through surface water pathways. Noise and Land and air Qualifying Interest birds that may be present in Any unnecessary noise or visual No visual the SPA and use Lough Ennell SPA (004096) disturbances to birds within the adverse disturbance and associated tributaries within and adjacent to SPA will be avoided, or will be effects the SPA are at risk from noise and visual temporary and only carried out Pochard Aythya ferina disturbance as a result of the works of the where necessary. Scheme. Tufted Duck Aythya Birds Procedures should be fuligula Wintering birds within the SPA will already be followed when working in the accustomed to a low level of occasional vicinity of the SPA. Coot Fulica atra disturbance due to agricultural activities, fishing During winter consideration must and tourism, and the Scheme may provide be given to the QIs for this site cumulative impacts. and the relevant adjustments will Disturbance can include noise from staff and be made to these procedures to machinery operating in the area, visual protect wintering birds This

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Site Name Qualifying Interests/ Potential Pathway Impact on Attribute and Target Prior to Avoidance / Mitigation Residual (site code) Special Source of Mitigation / Avoidance Measures Impact Conservation Impact Interests disturbances from general daytime movement of includes using short lengths of people and machinery at work, and physical screening to prevent disturbance disturbances that cause alterations to the to birds when working in the supporting and protected habitats present. Noise same area for any period of time, and visual disturbances will be temporary. that may be considered any Disturbance can cause displacement of longer than temporary (i.e. over protected species, requiring increased energy one day within 100m of lake in expenditure, particularly during winter. winter). Due to the Scheme works, there may be a temporary decrease in the range, timing or intensity of use of areas by protected birds in this SPA, outside of those occurring from natural patterns of variation.

Physical Physical alterations to the habitat may occur due Works within potential wetlands No alterations/ to the physical removal of vegetation or the should follow the Wetland adverse disturbance to addition of soil to raise and/or level out land Procedure EP to protect the effects habitat which should not occur as part of the proposed wetlands hydraulics and to Wetlands & scheme but may contribute cumulative impacts minimise the disturbance of Waterbirds Reduction in from local land maintenance these habitats. area or quality Physical alterations may cause a reduction in of habitats area or quality of habitats that are QIs of the SPA, or that are supporting habitats for its QIs.

Pochard Aythya ferina Release of Groundwater Impacts that may arise through groundwater Groundwater pathways may not No Tufted Duck Aythya nutrients pathways and impact upon the QIs of this SPA always be visible and may adverse effects fuligula are as those described for Surface water transfer nutrients may arise as a Coot Fulica atra Deepening and impacts. result of the works so follow protocols and EPs in and OPW widening of Drainage maintenance activities could impact on channel to water quality in protected habitats and Environmental Procedures (EP) Wetlands & supporting habitats in the area, through the (OPW 2018) - specifically the Waterbirds original design level release of nutrients which could potentially result procedures under the Environmental Drainage in reduced water quality, increased turbidity and eutrophication. Procedure EP, including Changes in compliance with the 10-point

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Site Name Qualifying Interests/ Potential Pathway Impact on Attribute and Target Prior to Avoidance / Mitigation Residual (site code) Special Source of Mitigation / Avoidance Measures Impact Conservation Impact Interests water levels/ plan and auditing processes. channel Movement of large machinery, the removal of Works should follow those as morphology trees or vegetation bankside and the movement described in guidance under the of soil bankside can impact on surface water Silt Management EP, including dependent habitats and species and supporting but not limited to working groundwater dependant habitats directly or upstream, skipping sections and indirectly should they be transported through leaving buffer zones both groundwater pathways. instream and along the banks. Machinery Related Procedures should be followed to include no Drainage maintenance activities, such as silt and refuelling within 50m of a vegetation management can result in the watercourse, use of deepening and widening of channels which could biodegradable oils, ensure impact on water levels. This could have adverse availability of spill kits and leave impacts on the same habitats mentioned above, natural vegetation buffer strip and the birds that may use them, potentially along the bank. resulting in an overall reduction in the suitability of the habitats and protected wetlands to support Annex II species Movement of equipment around the SPA and associated wetlands may require the use of bog mats to prevent release of suspended solids, nutrients and/or pollutants. In these situations, movement of equipment should follow the Wetland Procedure EP, protect the wetlands hydraulics and minimise or avoid maintenance.

See Table 7-1 for further mitigation measures.

The above measures will control sediment mobilisation and reduce the risk of pollution

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Site Name Qualifying Interests/ Potential Pathway Impact on Attribute and Target Prior to Avoidance / Mitigation Residual (site code) Special Source of Mitigation / Avoidance Measures Impact Conservation Impact Interests incidents thereby reducing the potential significance of this source of impact, including cumulative and/or in-combination impacts, on the wetland and supporting habitats within this SPA, that may occur through groundwater pathways.

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7 Avoidance and Mitigation Measures In order to ensure that arterial drainage maintenance works and proposed associated works do not adversely impact on the twelve Natura 2000 sites listed in section 6.1, specific mitigation and avoidance measures have been highlighted that should be followed in Table 6-1. This NIS considers the potential impact of normal arterial drainage maintenance works on those watercourses screened into the assessment. To determine if works are considered outside of what is considered normal works see Section 2.2.4. To ensure that adverse impacts do not arise on Natura 2000 sites and other protected species as a result of normal arterial drainage maintenance works undertaken during the period 2019-2023, all procedures as recommended in the OPW Environmental Drainage Maintenance Manual (OPW 2018) are to be followed, specifically the Annual Program Environmental Procedure EP, the Environmental Risk Assessment Procedure EP, Appropriate Assessment Procedure EP, Structures Construction Procedure EP, Environmental Management Procedure EP and those EPs as further recommended within the management EPs. To view site-specific mitigation measures, outside of those described in the OPW Environmental Procedures document, see Section 7.1, Table 7-1. To view specific mitigation measures relevant to works that may occur on bridges, sluices and/or structures, see Section 7.2, Table 7-2

7.1 Site specific mitigation measures This includes measures in addition to those listed in the OPW's Environmental Management Protocols and EPs (OPW 2018), necessary in order to offset the identified potential impacts on the Natura 2000 sites; these are detailed in Table 7-1. Table 7-1: Specific Mitigation Measures

Potential Impact Specific Avoidance and Mitigation Measures1

Release of suspended solids All aquatic vegetation or brash cuttings shall be removed from the channel Release or changes in nutrient and its bank and placed in an area where they cannot re-enter the water. levels/ pollutants The release of large amounts of silt or other debris that has built up over time, e.g. during sluice maintenance or when clearing channels adjacent to coniferous woodlands, must be prevented. In these situations, there will be a 20m section of channel unmaintained at the channel outfall and if this is not naturally present, additional silt mitigation measures will be implemented including the use of geotextiles, clean washed stone and coarse sand (where suitable), removal of material and/or other silt filtration techniques. The method used will be on a case-by-case basis and methods used will be documented and discussed with environment team. If channels need to be accessed by vehicles over soft/wet ground and there is a risk that significant areas of soil may be exposed, bog mats or sleepers shall be laid. - Works shall retain vegetation along the riparian zone of the riverbank, providing a natural buffer strip as described in OPW SOP, to protect from bank erosion and reduce the release of suspended solids to the waterbody. - When removing aquatic vegetation instream, maximise the use of weed- cutting bucket where possible to minimise the amount of silt being disturbed/suspended into the water column from the river substrate or bank Use of habitat maps and habitat identification guidance to operatives prior to maintenance works (e.g. on fens, raised bog, alluvial woodland) by OPW environmental team for appropriate use of EPs Avoid working instream in channel C8(1) Clodiagh River as it is an excellent spawning area for Brown Trout and Salmon, and has suitable habitat for Lamprey ammocoetes Changes in water levels/ Works on all channels shall be undertaken in accordance with the Scheme's channel morphology design standard, in order to prevent any new widening or deepening of a channel. In channel works shall be restricted to weed bucket only. This reduces any 2017s6456 - Office of Public Works - Bonet NIS V1.0 102

Potential Impact Specific Avoidance and Mitigation Measures1

disturbance to channel bed sediment or exposure of bare soil on banks.

Physical disturbance of Drainage maintenance works will not encroach on wetland habitats including habitats (and loss of wood fen, raised bog and alluvial woodland habitats, as well as Oak woodland and vegetation cover) dry grassland, to limit physical disturbance to these habitat types. Noise and visual Works and access will be restricted to maintenance access corridors. disturbance

Spread of invasive non- Biosecurity measures will be implemented throughout the works following the native species OPW's Spread of Invasive Plants (Low Biosecurity) Procedure and Spread of Water Based invasives (High Biosecurity) Procedure as necessary, and particularly due to the presence of aquatic invasive species such as Canadian Pondweed and Zebra mussel in the Brosna catchment. Although Crayfish plague has not been identified as being present within this catchment, it has been identified in the Al Rive, Athlone, Co. Westmeath (NBDC, 2018).

7.2 Mitigation for Bridge/Sluice/Structural Works As discussed in section 2.2.3, it is currently unknown where and when structural drainage maintenance operations will be required in relation to bridges. This NIS considers the potential impact of maintenance operations on bridges and other structures on those channels and embankments screened into the assessment. To ensure that adverse impacts do not arise on Natura 2000 sites and their QIs as a result of structural maintenance operations undertaken during the period 2019-2023, all procedures as recommended in the OPW Environmental Procedures Document (OPW 2018) are to be followed; specifically the Annual Program Environmental Procedure EP, the Environmental Risk Assessment Procedure EP, Appropriate Assessment Procedure EP, Structures Construction Procedure EP, Environmental Management Procedure EP and where relevant the Bridge Inspection Form EP. The following pre-works mitigation checklist as detailed will also be implemented where structural maintenance works will occur: Table 7-2: Mitigation measures for bridge, sluice and/or structural works Checklist Mitigation Response Required Is the Structure a Bridge? If Yes - Ensure the Foreman's Bridge Inspection Report has been completed prior to works commencing. All work on bridges requires completion of this form. All instructions on this form will be followed. Continue through checklist as further procedures may be required. Is the structure a culvert? If Yes - Follow the Ecological Culvert Procedure. All works on culverts require adherence to these procedures. Continue through checklist as further procedures may be required. Is the structure a fisheries enhancement If Yes - Follow the Fisheries Enhancement structure? Procedure EP and Barrier Removal Procedure EP and continue through checklist as further procedures may be required. Is the structure an embankment, a sluice If Yes - Follow the Embankment Maintenance or part of an embankment? Procedure, Barrier Removal Procedure EP, see site specific mitigation measures in Table 7-1 and continue through checklist as further procedures may be required. Will structure maintenance works require If yes - Follow procedures in Environmental in-channel working? Drainage Procedure EP, the Silt Management 2017s6456 - Office of Public Works - Bonet NIS V1.0 103

EP, and Machinery Related Procedures to control silt mobilisation and relevant species- specific EPs to minimise physical damage. Continue through checklist as further procedures may be required. Is the structure constructed of brick or If yes - Follow procedures in Bat Procedure EP. stone or does it contain cracks, crevices Ensure a bat roost potential assessment is and/or voids that could be used by conducted by an ecologist. Further nocturnal roosting bats? activity surveys will also be undertaken if the Does the structure have dense Ivy cover roost potential assessment concludes they are which could be used by roosting bats? required. Derogation license may be required for works on this bridge. Continue through checklist as further procedures may be required. Does the structure contain voids, cracks If yes - Follow Birds Procedure EP. Ensure the or ledges that are or could be used by work is conducted outside of the nesting bird nesting birds? season or prior to works a survey for the Is the structure located within an area of presence of nesting birds is conducted. Continue dense bankside scrub/vegetation which through checklist as further procedures may be could be used by nesting birds? required. Is the structure located within an area of If yes - Follow Otter Procedure. Ensure a survey dense bankside scrub/vegetation which is conducted prior to works to check for the could be used as a resting place by presence of any protected species. Continue Otter? through checklist as further procedures may be required. Are water based non-native invasive If yes - Follow the Spread of Water-based species present in the area immediately Invasives (High Biosecurity) Procedure EP and around the structure, or is signage continue through checklist as further procedures indicating the presence of water based may be required. non-native invasive species present along this channel or the access route? Are terrestrial based non-native invasive If yes - Follow the Spread of Invasive Plant (Low species present in the area immediately Biosecurity) Procedure EP and continue through around the structure, is signage indicating checklist as further procedures may be required. the presence of non-native invasive species present along this channel, or are non-native invasive species present along the access route?

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8 Conclusions This NIS provides information for the Competent Authorities to conduct an Appropriate Assessment for the proposed Arterial Drainage Maintenance works for the Brosna Arterial Drainage Scheme in County Westmeath and county Offaly. A previous AA screening exercise on this scheme by JBA in 2014, found that this scheme had the potential to negatively impact upon the following Natura 2000 sites: • Clonaslee Eskers and Derry Bog SAC (000859) • Lough Owel SAC (000688) • Lough Owel SPA (004047) • Middle Shannon Callows SPA (004096) • River Shannon Callows SAC (000216) • Clara Bog SAC (000572) • Split Hills and Long Hill Esker SAC (001831) • Charleville Wood SAC (000571) • Lough Ennell SAC (000685) • Lough Ennell SPA (004044) • Ferbane Bog SAC (000575) • Moyclare Bog SAC (000581

The screening was conducted following the methodology outlined in Ryan Hanley (2014b), which examines three sources > pathway > receptor chains; surface water, land and air, and groundwater pathways. The conclusion of this report necessarily relies on some assumptions and it is inevitably subject to some limitations. Most of the assumptions and limitations would not affect the conclusion but the following points are recorded to ensure the basis of the assessment is clear: This NIS has investigated the potential direct and indirect impacts of the proposed works upon the twelve Natura 2000 sites, assessed the potential impacts for significance alone and in-combination with other plans and projects. This process took into consideration the nature of the proposed works and the structure, function and conservation objectives of the relevant Natura 2000 site. Where significant adverse impacts were determined to potentially occur as a result of the works, a number of appropriate mitigation measures to be implemented during the scheme were provided in order to prevent any significant adverse impacts as a result of the scheme. The conclusion of this report is based on the assumption that during the works, staff will be made aware of the sensitive ecological features that may be present on site and will be competent to identify the presence of these features. Mitigation measures and EPs will be followed as required in such circumstances. As a result of this NIS it can be concluded, that provided the avoidance and mitigation measures in this report are implemented during the proposed drainage maintenance works on the Brosna Arterial Drainage Maintenance Scheme, they will not have significant adverse impacts upon the twelve Natura sites listed above or negatively impact upon the overall integrity of the sites. To confirm this conclusion, the following checklist (Table 8-1), taken from DoEHLG (2009) has been completed. Table 8-1: Integrity of Site Checklist (from DoEHLG, 2009) Conservation objectives: does the Y/N project or plan have the potential to: Cause delays in progress towards N - Following mitigation, no significant achieving the conservation objectives of adverse residual impacts have been the sites? identified that will prevent achievement of the conservation objectives of the assessed sites. Interrupt progress towards achieving the N - Following mitigation, no significant 2017s6456 - Office of Public Works - Bonet NIS V1.0 105

conservation objectives of the sites? adverse residual impacts have been identified that will prevent achievement of the conservation objectives of the assessed site. Disrupt those factors that help to N - Potential adverse impacts via surface maintain the favourable conditions of the water; land and air; and groundwater site? pathways identified during the screening and AA process can be mitigated against. Interfere with the balance, distribution N - Potential adverse impacts on the species and density of key species that are the of the twelve SACs and SPAs are not indicators of the favourable condition of expected as impacts can be avoided by the site? implementing the mitigation and avoidance measures detailed.

Other objectives: does the project or Y/N plan have the potential to: Cause changes to the vital defining N - Potential adverse impacts from aspects (e.g. nutrient balance) that suspended solid and nutrient release are not determine how the site functions as a expected as measures can be included habitat or ecosystem? within working protocols to ensure potential impacts are effectively mitigated. Change the dynamics of the N - Potential adverse impacts relating to relationships (between, for example, soil hydrological status and water quality have and water or plants and animals) that been identified which could impact on the define the structure and/or function of functioning and dynamics of the site, the site? however, these are not expected to be significant given the mitigation measures detailed to ensure potential impacts are effectively mitigated. Interfere with predicted or expected N - Potential adverse impacts from changes natural changes to the site (such as to the hydrological regime and suspended water dynamics or chemical solid/nutrient/pollutant release are not composition)? expected as measures can be included within working protocols to ensure potential impacts are effectively mitigated. Reduce the area of key habitats? N - Potential adverse impacts on the habitats of the SACs and SPAs are not expected given the mitigation measures that have been detailed. Reduce the population of key species? N - Potential impacts to key species of all sites, as listed in Table 6-4 are not expected as impacts can be avoided by implementing the mitigation measures detailed. Change the balance between key N - Potential impacts to key species for species? which the SACs and SPAs are designated or which support key features of the designated habitats of the Natura sites as listed Table 6- 4, are not expected as impacts can be avoided by implementing the mitigation measures detailed. Reduce diversity of the site? N - The identified mitigation measures to protect designated species will ensure that the current diversity of the sites is maintained. Result in disturbance that could affect N - Potential impacts to the population size, population size or density or the balance density or balance of key species are not between key species? expected as impacts can be avoided by implementing the mitigation measures 2017s6456 - Office of Public Works - Bonet NIS V1.0 106

Other objectives: does the project or Y/N plan have the potential to: detailed. Result in fragmentation N - The proposed works will be undertaken along existing maintenance access corridors and therefore no fragmentation of habitats will occur. Result in loss or reduction of key N - Potential adverse impacts on SAC features (e.g. tree cover, tidal exposure, habitats are not expected as impacts can be annual flooding etc.)? avoided by implementing the mitigation measures detailed so there will be no loss of, or reduction of, key features.

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References Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government (2009) Appropriate Assessment of Plans and Projects in Ireland - Guidance for Planning Authorities. Department of Housing, Planning and Local Government (2018). River Basin Management Plan for Ireland 2018 - 2021 [Online] Available at: https://www.housing.gov.ie/sites/default/files/publications/files/rbmp_report_english_web_version_ final_0.pdf [Accessed 17 September 2018] Early J, McDowell S, Caffrey J, O’Callaghan D, Meenan K, Toomath C, Fitzsimons B & Kelly J (2009). Field Guide to Invasive Species in Ireland. 2nd Edition. NIEA. EC (2007) Interpretation Manual of European Union Habitats. European Commission EPA (2017a) Envision EPA Map Viewer [Online] Available at: http://gis.epa.ie/Envision. Accessed on 23 August 2018. Fossitt, J.A. (2000) A Guide to Habitats in Ireland. The Heritage Council, Dublin. IFI (2010). IFI Biosecurity Protocol for Field Survey Work. Inland Fisheries Ireland. Irish Water (2016) Urban Waste Water Treatment in 2016. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/wastewater/Urban%20waste%20water%20report%20for%2 02016%20Final%20Version.pdf JBA (2014) Office of Public Works. Arterial Drainage Maintenance Works – Brosna Arterial Drainage Scheme. Stage 1 Appropriate assessment Screening. Unpublished report. Moorkens, E.A. & Killeen, I.J. (2011) Monitoring and Condition Assessment of Populations of Vertigo geyeri, Vertigo angustior and Vertigo moulinsiana in Ireland. Irish Wildlife Manuals, No. 55. NPWS [online] Available at: https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM55.pdf [Accessed 30 November 2018] National Biodiversity Data Centre (2018) Crayfish Plague [Online] Available at: http://www.biodiversityireland.ie/projects/invasive-species/crayfish-plague/ [Accessed 11 December 2018] NNSS (2017) GB Non-native Species Secretariat. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.nonnativespecies.org/checkcleandry/. [Accessed 20 November 2017]. NRA (2009) National Roads Authority Guidelines for Assessment of Ecological Impacts of National Road Schemes., Transport Infrastructure Ireland. [ONLINE] Available at http://www.tii.ie/technical- services/environment/planning/Guidelines-for-Assessment-of-Ecological-Impacts-of-National- Road-Schemes.pdf [Accessed on: 20 November 2017]. NPWS (2011) River Barrow and River Nore SAC, Site Code: 002162. Conservation objectives. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected- sites/conservation_objectives/CO002162.pdf [date accessed 2 November 2018] NPWS (2012) Middle Shannon Callows SPA 004096 - Site synopsis [Online] Available at: https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY004096.pdf [Accessed 2 November 2018]. NPWS (2013a).The Status of EU Protected Habitats and Species in Ireland. Habitats Assessment Volume 2. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Dublin, Ireland NPWS (2013b).The Status of EU Protected Habitats and Species in Ireland. Species Assessment Volume 3. Habitats Assessment Volume 2. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Dublin, Ireland NPWS (2013c) Clonaslee Eskers and Derry Bog SAC 000859 - Site synopsis [Online] Available athttps://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000859.pdf [Accessed 2 November 2018]. NPWS (2013d) Lough Owel SAC 000688- Site synopsis [Online] Available at: https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected- sites/synopsis/SY000688.pdf [Accessed 2 November 2018].

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NPWS (2013e) River Shannon Callows SAC 000216 - Site synopsis [Online] Available at: https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000216.pdf [Accessed 2 November 2018]. NPWS (2013f) Split Hills and Long Hill Esker SAC Site Code: 001831- Site synopsis [Online] Available at: https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY001831.pdf [Accessed 5 November 2018]. NPWS (2013g) Charleville Wood SAC Site Code: 000571- Site synopsis [Online] Available at: https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000571.pdf [Accessed 5 November 2018]. NPWS (2013h) Lough Ennell SAC Site Code: 000685- Site synopsis [Online] Available at: https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000685.pdf [Accessed 5 November 2018]. NPWS (2013i) Ferbane Bog SAC Site Code: 000575 - Site synopsis [Online] Available at: https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000575.pdfNovember 2018]. NPWS (2013j) Moyclare Bog SAC Site Code: 000581- Site synopsis [Online] Available at: https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000581.pdf [November 2018]. NPWS (2014a) Lough Owel SPA 004047 - Site synopsis [Online] Available at: https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY004047.pdf [Accessed 2 November 2018]. NPWS (2014b) Lough Ennell SPA Site Code: 004044 - Site synopsis [Online] Available at: https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY004044.pdf [Accessed 5 November 2018]. NPWS (2015a) Clara Bog SAC Site Code: 000572- Site synopsis [Online] Available at: https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000572.pdf [Accessed 2 November 2018]. NPWS (2015b) Ferbane Bog SAC Site Code: 000575 - Conservation objectives [Online] Available at https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/conservation_objectives/CO000575.pdf [Accessed 5 November 2018]. NPWS (2015c) Moyclare Bog SAC Site Code: 000581- Conservation objectives [Online] Available at https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/conservation_objectives/CO000581.pdf [Accessed 5 November 2018]. NPWS (2016) Clara Bog SAC Site Code: 000572- Conservation objectives [Online] Available at: https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/conservation_objectives/CO000572.pdf [Accessed 2 November 2018]. NPWS (2017a) Clonaslee Eskers and Derry Bog SAC 000859 - Natura 2000 Standard Data Form [Online] Available at: https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected- sites/natura2000/NF000859.pdf [Accessed 2 November 2018]. NPWS (2017b) Lough Owel SAC 000688 - Natura 2000 Standard Data Form [Online] Available at: https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/natura2000/NF000688.pdf [Accessed 2 November 2018]. NPWS (2017c) Lough Owel SPA 0004047- Natura 2000 Standard Data Form [Online] Available at: https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/natura2000/NF004047.pdf [Accessed 2 November 2018]. NPWS (2017d) Middle Shannon Callows SPA 004096 - Natura 2000 Standard Data Form [Online] Available at: https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/natura2000/NF004096.pdf [Accessed 2 November 2018]. NPWS (2017e) River Shannon Callows SAC 000216 - Natura 2000 Standard Data Form [Online] Available at: https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/natura2000/NF000216.pdf [Accessed 2 November 2018]. NPWS (2017f) Clara Bog SAC Site Code: 000572 - Natura 2000 Standard Data Form [Online] Available at: https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/natura2000/NF000572.pdf [Accessed 2 November 2018].

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NPWS (2017g) Split Hills and Long Hill Esker SAC Site Code: 001831- Natura 2000 Standard Data Form [Online] Available at: https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected- sites/natura2000/NF001831.pdf [Accessed 2 November 2018]. NPWS (2017h) Charleville Wood SAC Site Code: 000571- Natura 2000 Standard Data Form [Online] Available at: https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected- sites/natura2000/NF000571.pdf [Accessed 5 November 2018]. NPWS (2017i) Lough Ennell SAC Site Code: 000685- Natura 2000 Standard Data Form [Online] Available at: https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/natura2000/NF000685.pdf [Accessed 5 November 2018]. NPWS (2017j) Lough Ennell SPA Site Code: 004044 - Natura 2000 Standard Data Form [Online] Available at: https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/natura2000/NF004044.pdf [Accessed 5 November 2018]. Offaly County Council (2014) Offaly County Development Plan 2014-2020. [Online] Available at: https://www.offaly.ie/eng/Services/Planning/Development-Plans/County-Development-Plan-2014- 2020/County%20Development%20Plan%202014-2020.html [Accessed 11 December 2018] OPW (2011a) Arterial Drainage Maintenance and High-Risk Channel Designation Programme 2011-2014 Habitats Directive Assessments. Environment Section Engineering Services Office of Public Works. Unpublished Report. [ONLINE] Available at https://www.opw.ie/media/Arterial%20Drainage%20Maintenance%20&%20High%20Risk%20Cha nnel%20Designation%20HDA%202011-2015.pdf [Accessed on: 20 November 2017]. OPW (2011b) Arterial Drainage Maintenance Service Environmental Management Protocols and Standard Operating Procedures. Unpublished Report. Ryan Hanley (2014a) Office of Public Works Arterial Drainage Maintenance Environmental Services 2013. Stage 1: Appropriate Assessment Screening Methodology for the Maintenance of Arterial Drainage Schemes. Methodology. Unpublished Report. Ryan Hanley (2014b) Office of Public Works Arterial Drainage Maintenance Service 2014-2018. Source > Pathway > Receptor Chains for Appropriate Assessment. Unpublished Report. Smith, G.F., O’Donoghue, P., O’Hora, K. and Delaney, E. (2011) Best Practice Guidelines for Habitat Mapping. The Heritage Council, Dublin. Parnell, J. and Curtis, T. (2012) Webb's - An Irish Flora. Cork University Press. Walker, L.J. and JOHNSTON J. (1999). Guidelines for the Assessment of Indirect and Cumulative Impacts as well as Impact Interactions. [ONLINE] Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/archives/eia/eia-studies-and-reports/pdf/guidel.pdf [date accessed 15 November 2017]. WFD (2010) Water Matters: Our Plan! Shannon River Basin Management Plan (2009-2015) [Online] Available at: http://www.wfdireland.ie/docs/1_River%20Basin%20Management%20Plans%202009%20- %202015/ShIRBD%20RBMP%202010/ShIRBD%20RBMP%202010.pdf [Accessed 11 December 2018] Westmeath County Council (2014) Westmeath County Development Plan 2014-2020. [Online] Available at: http://www.westmeathcoco.ie/en/ourservices/planning/developmentplans/countydevelopmentplan 2014-2020/ [Accessed 11 November 2018]

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Appendices A Natura 2000 Conservation Objectives and Vulnerabilities

A.1 Clonaslee Eskers and Derry Bog SAC (000859)

Conservation Objective There are no site-specific conservation objectives for Clonaslee Eskers and Derry Bog SAC so attributes for conservation objectives have been taken from similar sites. Code Qualifying Interests Attributes 7230 Alkaline Fens Same as for L. Owel (see A.2) 1013 Geyer's Whorl Snail Distribution: occupied sites (Vertigo geyeri) Population size: adults Population density Area of occupancy Habitat quality: vegetation Habitat quality: soil moisture levels From River Barrow and River Nore SAC (002162) Site specific Conservation Objectives (NPWS, 2011)

Site Vulnerabilities Negative threats or pressures identified in the Standard Natura form (NPWS, 2017a) for Clonaslee Eskers and Derry Bog SAC are listed below Negative impacts Code Rank: H = high, M = medium, L = low Other human induced changes in hydraulic conditions J02.15 M Mechanical removal of peat C01.03.02 H Species composition change (succession) K02.01 H Dispersed habitation E01.03 L Burning down J01.01 L Garbage and solid waste H05.01 L

A.2 Lough Owel SAC (000688) Conservation Objectives for Lough Owel SAC are listed below (NPWS, 2018c)

3140 Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of Chara spp. To restore the favourable conservation condition of Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of Chara spp. in Lough Owel SAC which is defined by the following list of attributes and targets: Attributes Measure Target Habitat area Hectares Area stable or increasing, subject to natural processes

Habitat distribution Habitat distribution No decline, subject to natural processes. See map 3 for indicative lake habitat distribution

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3140 Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of Chara spp. To restore the favourable conservation condition of Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of Chara spp. in Lough Owel SAC which is defined by the following list of attributes and targets: Typical species Occurrence Typical species present, in good condition, and demonstrating typical abundances and distribution Vegetation composition: characteristic zonation Occurrence All characteristic zones should be present, correctly distributed and in good condition Vegetation distribution: maximum depth Vegetation distribution: Vegetation distribution: maximum depth maximum depth Hydrological regime: water level fluctuations Metres Maintain appropriate natural hydrological regime necessary to support the habitat Lake substratum quality Various Restore appropriate substratum type, extent and chemistry to support the vegetation Water quality: transparency Metres Restore appropriate Secchi transparency. There should be no decline in Secchi depth/transparency Water quality: nutrients µg/l P; mg/l N Restore the concentration of nutrients in the water column to sufficiently low levels to support the habitat and its typical species Water quality: phytoplankton biomass µg/l Chlorophyll a Maintain appropriate water quality to support the habitat, including high chlorophyll a status Water quality: phytoplankton composition EPA phytoplankton Maintain appropriate composition metric water quality to support the habitat, including high phytoplankton composition status Water quality: attached algal biomass Algal cover and EPA Restore/maintain phytobenthos metric trace/absent attached algal biomass ( Water quality: macrophyte status EPA macrophyte metric Restore high macrophyte (The Free Index) status Acidification status pH units; mg/l Maintain appropriate water and sediment pH, alkalinity and cation concentrations to support the habitat, subject to natural processes Water colour mg/l PtCo Restore/maintain appropriate water colour to support the habitat Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) mg/l Restore/maintain appropriate organic carbon levels to support the habitat Turbidity Nephelometric turbidity Restore/maintain units/ mg/l SS/ other appropriate turbidity to appropriate unit support the habitat Fringing habitat: area and condition Hectares Maintain the area and condition of fringing habitats necessary to support the natural structure and functioning of habitat 3140

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7140 Transition mires and quaking bogs To maintain the favourable conservation condition of Transition mires and quaking bogs in Lough Owel SAC, which is defined by the following list of attributes and targets: Attributes Measure Target Habitat area Hectares Area stable or increasing, subject to natural processes Habitat distribution Occurrence No decline, subject to natural processes Ecosystem function: soil nutrients Soil pH and appropriate Maintain soil pH and nutrient levels at a nutrient status within representative number natural ranges of monitoring stops Ecosystem function: peat formation Percentage cover of Maintain active peat peat-forming vegetation formation, where and water table levels appropriate Ecosystem function: hydrology - water levels Centimetres; duration of Maintain, or where water levels necessary restore, appropriate water levels necessary to support the natural structure and functioning of the habitat Ecosystem function: hydrology - flow patterns Flow direction Maintain, or where necessary restore, appropriate topography and water movement regime necessary to support the natural structure and functioning of the habitat Ecosystem function: water quality Water chemistry Maintain, or where measures necessary restore, appropriate water quality to support the natural structure and functioning of the habitat Community diversity Abundance of variety of Maintain variety of vegetation communities vegetation communities, subject to natural processes Vegetation composition: typical vascular plants bryophytes Percentage Maintain adequate cover and cover at a of typical vascular plant representative number and bryophyte species of 2m x 2m monitoring stops Vegetation composition: native negative Percentage cover at a Native negative indicator indicator species representative number species at insignificant of 2m x 2m monitoring levels stops Vegetation composition: nonnative species Percentage cover at, Cover of non-native and in local vicinity of, a species less than 1% representative number of 2m x 2m monitoring stops Physical structure: drainage Percentage area in local Area showing signs of vicinity of a drainage from heavy representative number trampling, tracking or of monitoring stops ditches less than 10% Physical structure: disturbed bare ground Percentage cover at, Cover of disturbed bare and in local vicinity of, a ground not more than representative number 10% of 2m x 2m monitoring stops Indicators of local distinctiveness Occurrence and No decline in distribution population size or population sizes of rare, threatened or scarce species associated with the habitat; maintain features of local

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7140 Transition mires and quaking bogs To maintain the favourable conservation condition of Transition mires and quaking bogs in Lough Owel SAC, which is defined by the following list of attributes and targets: distinctiveness, subject to natural processes

7230 Alkaline fens To maintain the favourable conservation condition of Alkaline fens in Lough Owel SAC, which is defined by the following list of attributes and targets: Attributes Measure Target Habitat area Hectares Area stable or increasing, subject to natural processes Habitat distribution Occurrence No decline, subject to natural processes Ecosystem function: soil nutrients Soil pH and appropriate Maintain soil pH and nutrient levels at a nutrient status within representative number natural ranges of monitoring stops Ecosystem function: peat formation Percentage cover of Maintain active peat peat-forming vegetation formation, where and water table levels appropriate Ecosystem function: hydrology - groundwater Water levels Maintain, or where levels (centimetres); duration necessary restore, of levels; hydraulic appropriate natural gradients hydrological regimes necessary to support the natural structure and functioning of the habitat Ecosystem function: hydrology - surface water Drain density and form Maintain, or where flow necessary restore, as close as possible to natural or semi-natural drainage conditions Ecosystem function: water quality Water chemistry Maintain, or where measures necessary restore, appropriate water quality, particularly pH and nutrient levels, to support the natural structure and functioning of the habitat Community diversity Abundance of variety of Maintain variety of vegetation communities vegetation communities, subject to natural processes Vegetation composition: brown mosses Percentage cover at a Maintain adequate cover representative number of typical brown moss of 2m x 2m monitoring species stops Vegetation composition: typical vascular plants Percentage cover at a Maintain adequate cover representative number of typical vascular plant of 2m x 2m monitoring species stops Vegetation composition: native negative Percentage cover at a Cover of native negative indicator species representative number indicator species at of 2m x 2m monitoring insignificant levels stops Vegetation composition: nonnative species Percentage cover at, Cover of non-native Percentage cover at, and in local vicinity of, a and in local vicinity of, a species less than 1% representative number of 2m x 2m monitoring representative number stops Cover of non-native species less than of 2m x 2m monitoring 1% stops Vegetation composition: native trees and Percentage cover in Cover of scattered native shrubs Percentage cover in local vicinity of a local vicinity of a trees and shrubs less representative number of monitoring stops representative number than 10% Cover of scattered native trees and shrubs less of monitoring stops than 10% Cover of scattered native trees and shrubs less than 10%

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7230 Alkaline fens To maintain the favourable conservation condition of Alkaline fens in Lough Owel SAC, which is defined by the following list of attributes and targets: Vegetation composition: soft rush and common Percentage cover in Total cover of soft rush reed cover local vicinity of a (Juncus effusus) and representative number common reed of monitoring stops (Phragmites australis) less than 10% Vegetation structure: litter Percentage cover in Total cover of litter not local vicinity of a more than 25% representative number of monitoring stops Physical structure: disturbed bare ground Percentage cover at, Cover of disturbed bare and in local vicinity of, a ground not more than representative number 10% of 2m x 2m monitoring stops Physical structure: tufa formations Percentage Percentage cover in Disturbed proportion of cover in local vicinity of a representative local vicinity of a vegetation cover where number of monitoring stops Disturbed representative number tufa is present is less proportion of vegetation cover where tufa is of monitoring stops than 1% present is less than 1% Disturbed proportion of vegetation cover where tufa is present is less than 1% Indicators of local distinctiveness Occurrence and No decline in distribution population size or population sizes of rare, threatened or scarce species associated with the habitat; maintain features of local distinctiveness, subject to natural processes

1092 White-clawed Crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes To maintain the favourable conservation condition of White-clawed Crayfish in Lough Owel SAC, which is defined by the following list of attributes and targets: Attributes Measure Target Distribution Number of occupied No reduction from 1km squares baseline Population structure: recruitment Occurrence of juveniles Juveniles and/or females and females with eggs with eggs should be habitat present in all occupied 1km squares, subject to natural processes and availability of suitable Negative indicator species Occurrence No non-indigenous crayfish species Disease Occurrence No instances of disease Water quality Water chemistry Maintain appropriate measures water quality, particularly pH and nutrient levels, to support the natural structure and functioning of lake habitat Habitat quality: heterogeneity Occurrence of positive No decline in habitat features heterogeneity or habitat quality

Site Vulnerabilities Negative threats or pressures identified in the Standard Natura form (NPWS, 2017b) for Lough Owel SAC are listed below

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Negative impacts Code Rank: H = high, M = medium, L = low diffuse pollution to surface waters due to agricultural and forestry activities H01.05 M other sport / leisure complexes G02.10 M piers / tourist harbours or recreational piers D03.01.02 M Hunting F03.01 L Outdoor sports and leisure activities, recreational activities G01 M Landfill, land reclamation and drying out, general J02.01 L airports, flightpaths D04 M surface water abstractions for public water supply J02.06.02 L

A.3 Lough Owel SPA (004047)

Conservation Objectives The conservation objective for Lough Owel SPA is to maintain or restore favourable conservation condition of the bird species listed as Special Conservation Interests for this SPA (NPWS, 2018d). The favourable conservation status of a species is achieved when: • population dynamics data on the species concerned indicate that it is maintaining itself on a long-term basis as a viable component of its natural habitats, and • the natural range of the species is neither being reduced nor is likely to be reduced for the foreseeable future, and • there is, and will probably continue to be, a sufficiently large habitat to maintain its populations on a long-term basis. The conservation objective of Wetlands and Waterbirds is to maintain or restore the favourable conservation condition of the wetland habitat at Lough Owel SPA as a resource for the regularly- occurring migratory waterbirds that utilise it.

Site Vulnerabilities Negative threats or pressures identified in the Standard Natura form (NPWS, 2017c) for Lough Owel SPA are listed below Negative impacts Code Rank: H = high, M = medium, L = low Sylviculture, forestry B M Fertilisation A08 M Leisure fishing F02.03 M Hunting F03.01 L human induced changes in hydraulic conditions J02 L

A.4 Middle Shannon Callows SPA (004096)

Conservation Objective The conservation objective for Middle Shannon Callows SPA is to maintain or restore favourable conservation condition of the bird species listed as Special Conservation Interests for this SPA (NPWS, 2018e). The favourable conservation status of a species is achieved when:

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• population dynamics data on the species concerned indicate that it is maintaining itself on a long-term basis as a viable component of its natural habitats, and • the natural range of the species is neither being reduced nor is likely to be reduced for the foreseeable future, and • there is, and will probably continue to be, a sufficiently large habitat to maintain its populations on a long-term basis. The conservation objective of Wetlands and Waterbirds is to maintain or restore the favourable conservation condition of the wetland habitat at Middle Shannon Callows SPA as a resource for the regularly-occurring migratory waterbirds that utilise it.

Site Vulnerabilities Negative threats or pressures identified in the Standard Natura form (NPWS, 2017d) Middle Shannon Callows SPA are listed below:

Negative impacts Code Rank: H = high, M = medium, L = low Hunting F03.01 L bridge, viaduct D01.05 H Fertilisation A08 L grazing A04 H nautical sports G01.01 H Urbanised areas, human habitation E01 H intensive horse grazing A04.03 L paths, tracks, cycling tracks D01.01 L Leisure fishing F02.03 M Fertilisation A08 M walking, horseriding and non-motorised vehicles G01.02 M

A.5 River Shannon Callows SAC (000216)

Conservation Objective The conservation objective for River Shannon Callows SAC is to maintain or restore the favourable conservation condition of the Annex I habitat(s) and/or the Annex II species for which the SAC has been selected: There are no site-specific conservation objectives for River Shannon Callows SAC.

Site Vulnerabilities Negative threats or pressures identified in the Standard Natura form (NPWS, 2017e) River Shannon Callows SAC are listed below:

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Negative impacts Code Rank: H = high, M = medium, L = low forestry clearance B02.02 M Fertilisation A08 M flooding J02.04.01 H Modification of hydrographic functioning, general J02.05 L Siltation rate changes, dumping, depositing of dredged deposits J02.11 M abandonment of pastoral systems, lack of grazing A04.03 H abandonment / lack of mowing A03.03 H Outdoor sports and leisure activities, recreational activities G01 L use of biocides, hormones and chemicals A07 H non-intensive mixed animal grazing A04.02.05 L paths, tracks, cycling tracks D01.01 L J02.05.02 M grazing in forests/ woodland B06 L J02.01 L removal of hedges and copses or scrub A10.01 L intensive grazing A04.01 M mechanical removal of peat C01.03.02 L K03.04 M Hunting F03.01 L Trampling, overuse, G05.01 L

A.6 Clara Bog SAC (000572)

Conservation Objectives The conservation objective for Clara Bog SAC is to maintain or restore favourable conservation condition of the qualifying interests (Annex I Habitats, Annex II or IV species) of the site. The attributes and targets of the qualifying interests within the Zone of influence are listed below. The full list of Conservation Objectives is available from NPWS website (NPWS, 2016). The long-term aim for Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration is that its peat-forming capability is re-established; therefore, the conservation objective for this habitat is inherently linked to that of Active raised bogs (7110) and a separate conservation objective has not been set in Clara Bog SAC. Depressions on peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion is an integral part of good quality Active raised bogs (7110) and thus a separate conservation objective has not been set for the habitat in Clara Bog SAC (NPWS, 2016). Conservation objective for Clara Bog SAC (NPWS, 2016):

7110 Active raised bogs To restore the favourable conservation condition of Active raised bogs in Clara Bog SAC, which is defined by the following list of attributes and targets: Attributes Measure Target Habitat area Hectares Restore area of active raised bog to 179.7ha, subject to natural processes Habitat distribution Occurrence Restore the distribution and variability of active raised bog across the SAC

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7110 Active raised bogs To restore the favourable conservation condition of Active raised bogs in Clara Bog SAC, which is defined by the following list of attributes and targets: High bog area Hectares No decline in extent of high bog necessary to support the development and maintenance of active raised bog. Hydrological regime: water levels Metres Restore appropriate water levels throughout the site Hydrological regime: flow patterns Flow direction; slope Restore, where possible, appropriate high bog topography, flow directions and slopes. See map 5 for current situation Transitional areas between high bog and Hectares; distribution Restore adequate adjacent mineral soils (including cutover transitional areas to areas) support/protect active raised bog and the services it provides Vegetation quality: central ecotope, active Hectares Restore 89.9ha of flush, soaks, bog woodland central ecotope/active flush/soaks/bog woodland as appropriate Vegetation quality: microtopographical Hectares Restore adequate features cover of high quality microtopographical features Vegetation quality: bog moss (Sphagnum) Percentage cover Restore adequate species cover of bog moss (Sphagnum) species to ensure peatforming capacity Typical ARB species: fauna Occurrence Restore, where appropriate, typical active raised bog flora Elements of local distinctiveness Occurrence Maintain features of local distinctiveness, subject to natural processes Negative physical indicators Percentage cover Negative physical indicators absent or insignificant Vegetation composition: native negative Percentage cover Native negative indicator species indicator species at insignificant levels Vegetation composition: nonnative Percentage cover Non-native invasive invasive species species at insignificant levels and not more than 1% cover Air quality: nitrogen deposition kg N/ha/year Air quality surrounding bog close to natural reference conditions. The total N deposition should not exceed 5kg N/ha/yr Water quality Hydrochemical Water quality on the measures high bog and in transitional areas close

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7110 Active raised bogs To restore the favourable conservation condition of Active raised bogs in Clara Bog SAC, which is defined by the following list of attributes and targets: to natural reference conditions Habitat area Hectares Restore area of active raised bog to 179.7ha, subject to natural processes

91D0 Bog woodland To maintain the favourable conservation condition of Bog woodland in Clara Bog SAC, which is defined by the following list of attributes and targets: Attributes Measure Target Habitat area Hectares Area stable or increasing, subject to natural processes. At least 1.34ha. Habitat distribution Occurrence No decline, subject to natural processes Vegetation composition: positive indicator Number in a Birch (Betula species representative pubescens), bog moss number of monitoring (Sphagnum species) stops and at least five other species present Vegetation composition: negative Percentage cover at Both native and non- indicator species a representative native invasive species number of monitoring absent or under stops control. Total cover should be less than 10% Woodland structure: cover and height of Percentage cover A minimum 30% cover birch and metres at a of birch (Betula representative pubescens) with a number of monitoring median canopy height stops of 4m Woodland structure: dwarf shrub cover Percentage cover at Dwarf shrub cover not a representative more than 50% number of monitoring stops Woodland structure: ling cover Percentage cover at Ling (Calluna vulgaris) a representative cover not more than number of monitoring 40% stops Woodland structure: bryophyte cover Percentage cover at Bryophyte cover at a representative least 50%, with bog number of monitoring moss (Sphagnum stops spp.) cover at least 25% Woodland structure: tree size classes Occurrence Each size class present Woodland structure: senescent and dead Occurrence Senescent or dead wood wood present

Site Vulnerabilities Negative threats or pressures identified in the Standard Natura form (NPWS, 2017f) Clara Bog SAC are listed below:

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Negative impacts Code Rank: inside (i) H = high, M outside (0) = medium, L both (b) = low paths, tracks, cycling tracks D01.01 L i stock feeding A05.02 L i sand and gravel quarries C01.01.01 H i abandonment of pastoral systems, lack i of grazing A04.03 M Taking / Removal of terrestrial plants, i general F04 L management of aquatic and bank i vegetation for drainage purposes J02.10 H Other human induced changes in i hydraulic conditions J02.15 H Peat extraction C01.03 H i management of aquatic and bank i vegetation for drainage purposes J02.10 L Agricultural structures, buildings in the i landscape E04.01 L disposal of household / recreational i facility waste E03.01 L Fertilisation A08 L i sand and gravel quarries C01.01.01 L b Fertilisation A08 L o management of aquatic and bank o vegetation for drainage purposes J02.10 M burning down J01.01 H i

A.7 Split Hills and Long Hill Esker SAC (001831)

Conservation Objective The conservation objective for Split Hills and Long Hill Esker SAC is to maintain or restore favourable conservation condition of the qualifying interests (Annex I Habitats, Annex II or IV species) of the site. The attributes and targets of the qualifying interests within the Zone of influence are listed below Conservation objective for Split Hills and Long Hill Esker SAC (NPWS, 2018g)

6210 Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies on calcareous substrates (Festuco- Brometalia) (* important orchid sites) To restore the favourable conservation condition of Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies on calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometalia) (* important orchid sites) in Split Hills and Long Hill Esker SAC, which is defined by the following list of attributes and targets: Attributes Measure Target Habitat area Hectares Area stable or increasing, subject to natural processes Habitat distribution Occurrence No decline, subject to natural processes Vegetation composition: positive indicator Number at a At least seven positive species representative indicator species number of 2m x 2m present, including two monitoring stops "high quality" species Vegetation composition: negative Percentage cover at Negative indicator indicator species a representative species collectively not number of 2m x 2m more than 20% cover, monitoring stops with cover by an

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6210 Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies on calcareous substrates (Festuco- Brometalia) (* important orchid sites) To restore the favourable conservation condition of Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies on calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometalia) (* important orchid sites) in Split Hills and Long Hill Esker SAC, which is defined by the following list of attributes and targets: individual species not more than 10% Vegetation composition: nonnative Percentage cover at Cover of non-native species a representative species not more than number of 2m x 2m 1% monitoring stops Vegetation composition: woody species Percentage cover at Cover of woody and bracken Percentage cover at a a representative species (except certain representative number of 2m x 2m number of 2m x 2m listed species) and monitoring stops Cover of woody species monitoring stops bracken (Pteridium (except certain listed species) and aquilinum) not more bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) not more than 5% cover than 5% cover Vegetation structure: broadleaf herb:grass Percentage at a Broadleaf herb ratio representative component of number of 2m x 2m vegetation between monitoring stops 40% and 90% Vegetation structure: sward height Percentage at a At least 30% of sward representative between 5cm and number of 2m x 2m 40cm tall monitoring stops Vegetation structure: litter Percentage cover at Litter cover not more a representative than 25% number of 2m x 2m monitoring stops Physical structure: bare soil Percentage cover at Not more than 10% a representative bare soil number of 2m x 2m monitoring stops Physical structure: disturbance Area in local vicinity Area of the habitat of a representative showing signs of number of monitoring serious grazing or stops other disturbance less than 20m²

Site Vulnerabilities Negative threats or pressures identified in the Standard Natura form (NPWS, 2017g) Split Hills SAC are listed below:

Negative impacts Code Rank: inside (i) H = high, M outside (0) = medium, L both (b) = low Natural competition K04.01 M I paths, tracks, cycling tracks D01.01 L I non-intensive cattle grazing A04.02.01 L I species composition change I (succession) K02.01 L intensive cattle grazing A04.01.01 L i

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A.8 Charleville Wood SAC (000571)

Conservation Objective There are no site-specific conservation objectives for Charleville Wood SAC so attributes for conservation objectives have been taken from similar sites. Qualifying Interests of the Charleville Wood SAC Code Qualifying Interests Attributes [91A0] Old Oak Woodlands Habitat area Habitat distribution Woodland size Woodland structure: cover and height Woodland structure: community diversity and extent Woodland structure: natural regeneration Woodland structure: dead wood Woodland structure: veteran trees Woodland structure: indicators of local disctinctiveness Vegetation composition: native tree cover Vegetation composition: typical species Vegetation composition: negative indicator species From River Barrow and River Nore SAC (002162) Site specific Conservation Objectives (NPWS, 2011) [1016] Desmoulin's Whorl Same as for Clonaslee Eskers and Derry Bog SAC above Snail (Vertigo moulinsiana)

Site Vulnerabilities Negative threats or pressures identified in the Standard Natura form (NPWS, 2017g) for Charleville Wood SAC are listed below Negative impacts Code Rank: H = high, M = medium, L = low Outdoor sports and leisure activities, recreational activities G01 H Trapping, poisoning, poaching F03.02.03 H Poaching F05.04 L Wildlife watching G02.09 L Taking / Removal of terrestrial plants, general F04 L Walking, horseriding and non-motorised vehicles G01.02 H

A.9 Lough Ennell SAC (000685)

Conservation Objective The conservation objective for Lough Ennel SAC is to maintain or restore favourable conservation condition of the qualifying interests (Annex I Habitats, Annex II or IV species) of the site. There are no site-specific conservation objectives. Code Qualifying Interests Attributes, Measures and Targets 7230 Alkaline Fens Same as for L. Owel above

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Site Vulnerabilities Negative threats or pressures identified in the Standard Natura form (NPWS, 2017i) for Lough Ennell SAC are listed below

Negative impacts Code Rank: H = high, M = medium, L = low point source or irregular noise pollution H06.01.01 M paths, tracks, cycling tracks D01.01 L modifying structures of inland water courses J02.05.02 L Hunting F03.01 L intensive cattle grazing A04.01.01 L abandonment of pastoral systems, lack of grazing A04.03 L diffuse pollution to surface waters due to household sewage and waste waters H01.08 L Light pollution H06.02 L Natural competition K03.01 L diffuse pollution to surface waters due to agricultural and forestry activities H01.05 L pole fishing F02.03.02 L forestry clearance B02.02 L

A.10 Lough Ennell SPA (004044)

Conservation Objective The conservation objective for Lough Ennell SPA is to maintain or restore favourable conservation condition of the bird species listed as Special Conservation Interests for this SPA (NPWS, 2018j). The favourable conservation status of a species is achieved when: • population dynamics data on the species concerned indicate that it is maintaining itself on a long-term basis as a viable component of its natural habitats, and • the natural range of the species is neither being reduced nor is likely to be reduced for the foreseeable future, and • there is, and will probably continue to be, a sufficiently large habitat to maintain its populations on a long-term basis. The conservation objective of Wetlands and Waterbirds is to maintain or restore the favourable conservation condition of the wetland habitat at Lough Ennell SPA as a resource for the regularly- occurring migratory waterbirds that utilise it.

Site Vulnerabilities Negative threats or pressures identified in the Standard Natura form (NPWS, 2017j) for Lough Ennel SPA are listed below:

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Negative impacts Code Rank: H = high, M = medium, L = low Fertilisation A08 H Urbanised areas, human habitation E01 H Hunting F03.01 L Sylviculture, forestry B M Trampling, overuse, G05.01 L walking, horseriding and non-motorised vehicles G01.02 M nautical sports G01.01 M Leisure fishing F02.03 M

A.11 Ferbane Bog SAC (000575)

Conservation Objective The conservation objective for Ferbane Bog SAC is to maintain or restore favourable conservation condition of the qualifying interests (Annex I Habitats, Annex II or IV species) of the site. The attributes and targets of the qualifying interests within the Zone of influence are listed below. The full list of Conservation Objectives is available from NPWS website (NPWS, 2015b). The long-term aim for Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration is that its peat-forming capability is re-established; therefore, the conservation objective for this habitat is inherently linked to that of Active raised bogs (7110) and a separate conservation objective has not been set in Ferbane Bog SAC. Depressions on peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion is an integral part of good quality Active raised bogs (7110) and thus a separate conservation objective has not been set for the habitat in Ferbane Bog SAC. Conservation objectives for Ferbane Bog SAC:

7110 Active raised bogs To restore the favourable conservation condition of Active raised bogs in Ferbane Bog SAC, which is defined by the following list of attributes and targets: Attributes Measure Target Habitat area Hectares Restore area of active raised bog to 43.5ha, subject to natural processes Habitat distribution Occurrence Restore the distribution and variability of active raised bog across the SAC High bog area Hectares No decline in extent of high bog necessary to support the development and maintenance of active raised bog. Hydrological regime: water levels Metres Restore appropriate water levels throughout the site Hydrological regime: flow patterns Flow direction; slope Restore, where possible, appropriate high bog topography, flow directions and slopes. See map 5 for current situation Transitional areas between high bog and Hectares; distribution Restore adequate adjacent mineral soils (including cutover transitional areas to areas) support/protect active

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7110 Active raised bogs To restore the favourable conservation condition of Active raised bogs in Ferbane Bog SAC, which is defined by the following list of attributes and targets: raised bog and the services it provides Vegetation quality: central ecotope, active Hectares Restore 21.8ha of flush, soaks, bog woodland central ecotope/active flush/soaks/bog woodland Vegetation quality: microtopographical Hectares Restore adequate features cover of high quality microtopographical features Vegetation quality: bog moss (Sphagnum) Percentage cover Restore adequate species cover of bog moss (Sphagnum) species to ensure peatforming capacity Typical ARB species: fauna Occurrence Restore, where appropriate, typical active raised bog flora Elements of local distinctiveness Occurrence Maintain features of local distinctiveness, subject to natural processes Negative physical indicators Percentage cover Negative physical indicators absent or insignificant Vegetation composition: native negative Percentage cover Native negative indicator species indicator species at insignificant levels Vegetation composition: nonnative Percentage cover Non-native invasive invasive species species at insignificant levels and not more than 1% cover Air quality: nitrogen deposition kg N/ha/year Air quality surrounding bog close to natural reference conditions. The total N deposition should not exceed 5kg N/ha/yr Water quality Hydrochemical Water quality on the measures high bog and in transitional areas close to natural reference conditions

8.1.1 Site Vulnerabilities Negative threats or pressures identified in the Standard Natura form (NPWS, 2017k) for Ferbane Bog SAC are listed below:

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Negative impacts Code Rank: H = high, M = medium, L = low agricultural intensification A02.01 H Other human induced changes in hydraulic conditions J02.15 H Peat extraction C01.03 H Restructuring agricultural land holding A10 M disposal of inert materials E03.03 L burning down J01.01 H Sand and gravel extraction C01.01 H forest exploitation without replanting or natural regrowth B03 M species composition change (succession) K02.01 M Fertilisation A08 HL disposal of household / recreational facility waste E03.01 L

A.12 Moyclare Bog SAC (000581)

Conservation Objective The conservation objective for Moyclare Bog SAC is to maintain or restore favourable conservation condition of the qualifying interests (Annex I Habitats, Annex II or IV species) of the site. The attributes and targets of the qualifying interests within the Zone of influence are listed below. The full list of Conservation Objectives is available from NPWS website (NPWS, 2016). The long-term aim for Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration is that its peat-forming capability is re-established; therefore, the conservation objective for this habitat is inherently linked to that of Active raised bogs (7110) and a separate conservation objective has not been set in Moyclare Bog SAC. Depressions on peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion is an integral part of good quality Active raised bogs (7110) and thus a separate conservation objective has also not been set for the habitat in Moyclare Bog SAC (NPWS, 2015).

7110 Active raised bogs To restore the favourable conservation condition of Active raised bogs in Moyclare Bog SAC, which is defined by the following list of attributes and targets: Attributes Measure Target Habitat area Hectares Restore area of active raised bog to 34.6ha, subject to natural processes Habitat distribution Occurrence Restore the distribution and variability of active raised bog across the SAC High bog area Hectares No decline in extent of high bog necessary to support the development and maintenance of active raised bog. Hydrological regime: water levels Metres Restore appropriate water levels throughout the site Hydrological regime: flow patterns Flow direction; slope Restore, where possible, appropriate high bog topography,

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7110 Active raised bogs To restore the favourable conservation condition of Active raised bogs in Moyclare Bog SAC, which is defined by the following list of attributes and targets: flow directions and slopes. See map 5 for current situation Transitional areas between high bog and Hectares; distribution Restore adequate adjacent mineral soils (including cutover transitional areas to areas) support/protect active raised bog and the services it provides Vegetation quality: central ecotope, active Hectares Restore 17.3ha of flush, soaks, bog woodland central ecotope/ active flush/ soaks/ bog woodland as appropriate Vegetation quality: microtopographical Hectares Restore adequate features cover of high quality microtopographical features Vegetation quality: bog moss (Sphagnum) Percentage cover Restore adequate species cover of bog moss (Sphagnum) species to ensure peatforming capacity Typical ARB species: fauna Occurrence Restore, where appropriate, typical active raised bog flora Elements of local distinctiveness Occurrence Maintain features of local distinctiveness, subject to natural processes Negative physical indicators Percentage cover Negative physical indicators absent or insignificant Vegetation composition: native negative Percentage cover Native negative indicator species indicator species at insignificant levels Vegetation composition: nonnative Percentage cover Non-native invasive invasive species species at insignificant levels and not more than 1% cover Air quality: nitrogen deposition kg N/ha/year Air quality surrounding bog close to natural reference conditions. The total N deposition should not exceed 5kg N/ha/yr Water quality Hydrochemical Water quality on the measures high bog and in transitional areas close to natural reference conditions

7120 Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration

The long-term aim for Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration is that its peat-forming capability is re-established; therefore, the conservation objective for this habitat is inherently linked to that of Active raised bogs (7110) and a separate conservation objective has not been set in Moyclare Bog SAC

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7150 Depressions on peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion

Depressions on peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion is an integral part of good quality Active raised bogs (7110) and thus a separate conservation objective has not been set for the habitat in Moyclare Bog SAC

Site Vulnerabilities Negative threats or pressures identified in the Standard Natura form (NPWS, 2017l) for Moyclare Bog SAC are listed below: Negative impacts Code Rank: H = high, M = medium, L = low Peat extraction C01.03 H burning down J01.01 H intensive goat grazing A04.01.04 M Other human induced changes in hydraulic conditions J02.15 H use of biocides, hormones and chemicals A07 L disposal of inert materials E03.03 L Hunting F03.01 L disposal of household / recreational facility waste E03.01 L

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B Protected Flora and Fauna Protected flora and fauna present or adjacent to the study site within the last 10 years from National Biodiversity Data Centre map database Species Source of data Designation Amphibians and reptiles Common Frog Amphibians and Protected Species: EU Habitats Directive || Rana temporaria reptiles of Protected Species: EU Habitats Directive >> Ireland Annex V || Protected Species: Wildlife Acts Smooth Newt Newt Survey Protected Species: Wildlife Acts Lissotriton vulgaris 2010-2014 Common Lizard Amphibians and Protected Species: Wildlife Acts Zootoca vivipara reptiles of Ireland Insect Marsh Fritillary All Ireland Marsh Protected Species: EU Habitats Directive || Euphydryas Fritillary Protected Species: EU Habitats Directive >> aurinia Database Annex II || Threatened Species: Vulnerable Crustacean Freshwater White- River Biologists' Protected Species: EU Habitats Directive || clawed Crayfish Database (EPA) Protected Species: EU Habitats Directive >> Austropotamobius Annex II || Protected Species: EU Habitats pallipes Directive >> Annex V || Protected Species: Wildlife Acts Mollusc Desmoulin's Whorl All Ireland Non- Protected Species: EU Habitats Directive || Snail Vertigo Marine Protected Species: EU Habitats Directive >> Vertigo Molluscan Annex II || Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || moulinsiana Database Threatened Species: Endangered Plants Fir Clubmoss Ireland's BioBlitz Protected Species: EU Habitats Directive || Huperzia selago Protected Species: EU Habitats Directive >> Annex V Red Hemp-nettle Online Atlas of Protected Species: Flora Protection Order || Galeopsis Vascular Plants Threatened Species: Endangered angustifolia 2012-2020 Large White-moss Bryophytes of Protected Species: EU Habitats Directive || Leucobryum Ireland Protected Species: EU Habitats Directive >> glaucum Annex IV Birds Barn Owl Tyto Birds of Ireland Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened alba Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Red List Barn Swallow Birds of Ireland Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Hirundo rustica Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Bar-tailed Godwit Bird Atlas 2007 - Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Limosa lapponica 2011 Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex I Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation

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Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Black-headed Gull Birds of Ireland Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Larus ridibundus Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Red List Black-tailed Bird Atlas 2007 - Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Godwit Limosa 2011 Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || limosa Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Common Coot Birds of Ireland Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Fulica atra Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section I Bird Species || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex III, Section II Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Common Bird Atlas 2007 - Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Goldeneye 2011 Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: Bucephala EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section II Bird clangula Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Common Birds of Ireland Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Grasshopper Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Warbler Locustella Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation naevia Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Common Birds of Ireland Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Greenshank Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Tringa nebularia Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Common Kestrel Birds of Ireland Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Falco tinnunculus Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Common Birds of Ireland Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Kingfisher Alcedo Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: atthis EU Birds Directive >> Annex I Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Common Linnet Ireland's BioBlitz Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Carduelis Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || cannabina Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Common Birds of Ireland Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Pheasant Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species:

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Phasianus EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section I Bird colchicus Species || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex III, Section I Bird Species Common Pochard Bird Atlas 2007 - Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Aythya ferina 2011 Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section I Bird Species || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex III, Section II Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Common Quail Bird Atlas 2007 - Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Coturnix coturnix 2011 Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Red List Common Birds of Ireland Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Redshank Tringa Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || totanus Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Red List Common Birds of Ireland Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Sandpiper Actitis Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || hypoleucos Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Common Bird Atlas 2007 - Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Shelduck Tadorna 2011 Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || tadorna Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Common Snipe Birds of Ireland Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Gallinago Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: gallinago EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section I Bird Species || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex III, Section III Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Common Starling Birds of Ireland Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Sturnus vulgaris Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Common Swift Birds of Ireland Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Apus apus Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Common Wood Birds of Ireland Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Pigeon Columba Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: palumbus EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section I Bird Species || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex III, Section I Bird Species Corn Crake Crex Bird Atlas 2007 - Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected crex 2011 Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species:

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EU Birds Directive >> Annex I Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Red List Dunlin Calidris Bird Atlas 2007 - Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected alpina 2011 Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex I Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Eurasian Curlew Birds of Ireland Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Numenius arquata Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section II Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Red List Eurasian Marsh Birds of Ireland Protected Species: Wildlife Acts Harrier Circus aeruginosus Eurasian Teal Birds of Ireland Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Anas crecca Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section I Bird Species || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex III, Section II Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Eurasian Tree Bird Atlas 2007 - Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Sparrow Passer 2011 Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || montanus Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Eurasian Wigeon Bird Atlas 2007 - Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Anas penelope 2011 Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section I Bird Species || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex III, Section II Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Eurasian Bird Atlas 2007 - Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Woodcock 2011 Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: Scolopax rusticola EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section I Bird Species || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex III, Section III Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List European Golden Bird Atlas 2007 - Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Plover Pluvialis 2011 Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: apricaria EU Birds Directive >> Annex I Bird Species || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section II Bird Species || Protected Species:

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EU Birds Directive >> Annex III, Section III Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Red List Gadwall Anas Bird Atlas 2007 - Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected strepera 2011 Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section I Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Garganey Anas Bird Atlas 2007 - Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected querquedula 2011 Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section I Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Great Cormorant Birds of Ireland Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Phalacrocorax Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || carbo Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Great Crested Birds of Ireland Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Grebe Podiceps Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || cristatus Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Great Northern Bird Atlas 2007 - Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Diver Gavia immer 2011 Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex I Bird Species Greater Scaup Bird Atlas 2007 - Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Aythya marila 2011 Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section II Bird Species || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex III, Section III Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Greater White- Bird Atlas 2007 - Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected fronted Goose 2011 Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: Anser albifrons EU Birds Directive >> Annex I Bird Species || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section II Bird Species || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex III, Section III Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Grey Partridge Bird Atlas 2007 - Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Perdix perdix 2011 Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section I Bird Species || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex III, Section I Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Red

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List Hen Harrier Circus Birds of Ireland Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected cyaneus Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex I Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List House Martin Birds of Ireland Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Delichon urbicum Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List House Sparrow Birds of Ireland Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Passer Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || domesticus Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Jack Snipe Bird Atlas 2007 - Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Lymnocryptes 2011 Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: minimus EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section I Bird Species || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex III, Section III Bird Species Lesser Black- Birds of Ireland Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened backed Gull Larus Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || fuscus Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Little Egret Egretta Birds of Ireland Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected garzetta Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex I Bird Species Little Grebe Birds of Ireland Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Tachybaptus Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || ruficollis Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Mallard Anas Birds of Ireland Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected platyrhynchos Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section I Bird Species || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex III, Section I Bird Species Merlin Falco Birds of Ireland Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected columbarius Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex I Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Mew Gull Larus Bird Atlas 2007 - Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened canus 2011 Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Mute Swan Birds of Ireland Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Cygnus olor Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List

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Northern Lapwing Birds of Ireland Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Vanellus vanellus Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section II Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Red List Northern Pintail Bird Atlas 2007 - Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Anas acuta 2011 Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section I Bird Species || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex III, Section II Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Red List Northern Shoveler Bird Atlas 2007 - Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Anas clypeata 2011 Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section I Bird Species || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex III, Section III Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Red List Peregrine Falcon Birds of Ireland Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Falco peregrinus Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex I Bird Species Red Knot Calidris Bird Atlas 2007 - Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened canutus 2011 Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Red List Ringed Plover Birds of Ireland Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Charadrius Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || hiaticula Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Rock Pigeon Birds of Ireland Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Columba livia Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section I Bird Species Ruff Philomachus Bird Atlas 2007 - Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected pugnax 2011 Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex I Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Sand Martin Birds of Ireland Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Riparia riparia Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Short-eared Owl Bird Atlas 2007 - Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Asio flammeus 2011 Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex I Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of

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Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Sky Lark Alauda Birds of Ireland Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened arvensis Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Spotted Flycatcher Bird Atlas 2007 - Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Muscicapa striata 2011 Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Stock Pigeon Bird Atlas 2007 - Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Columba oenas 2011 Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Tufted Duck Birds of Ireland Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Aythya fuligula Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section I Bird Species || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex III, Section II Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Velvet Scoter Bird Atlas 2007 - Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Melanitta fusca 2011 Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section II Bird Species Water Rail Rallus Birds of Ireland Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened aquaticus Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Whinchat Saxicola Birds of Ireland Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened rubetra Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Whooper Swan Birds of Ireland Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Cygnus cygnus Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex I Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Yellowhammer Birds of Ireland Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Emberiza citrinella Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Red List Mammals European Otter Atlas of Protected Species: EU Habitats Directive || Lutra lutra Mammals in Protected Species: EU Habitats Directive >> Ireland 2010- Annex II || Protected Species: EU Habitats 2015 Directive >> Annex IV || Protected Species: Wildlife Acts

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Brown Long-eared National Bat Protected Species: EU Habitats Directive || Bat Plecotus Database of Protected Species: EU Habitats Directive >> auritus Ireland Annex IV || Protected Species: Wildlife Acts Daubenton's Bat National Bat Protected Species: EU Habitats Directive || Myotis daubentonii Database of Protected Species: EU Habitats Directive >> Ireland Annex IV || Protected Species: Wildlife Acts Lesser Noctule National Bat Protected Species: EU Habitats Directive || Nyctalus leisleri Database of Protected Species: EU Habitats Directive >> Ireland Annex IV || Protected Species: Wildlife Acts Nathusius's National Bat Protected Species: EU Habitats Directive || Pipistrelle Database of Protected Species: EU Habitats Directive >> Pipistrellus Ireland Annex IV || Protected Species: Wildlife Acts nathusii Natterer's Bat National Bat Protected Species: EU Habitats Directive || Myotis nattereri Database of Protected Species: EU Habitats Directive >> Ireland Annex IV || Protected Species: Wildlife Acts Pipistrelle National Bat Protected Species: EU Habitats Directive || Pipistrellus Database of Protected Species: EU Habitats Directive >> pipistrellus sensu Ireland Annex IV || Protected Species: Wildlife Acts lato Soprano Pipistrelle National Bat Protected Species: EU Habitats Directive || Pipistrellus Database of Protected Species: EU Habitats Directive >> pygmaeus Ireland Annex IV || Protected Species: Wildlife Acts Pine Marten Mammals of Protected Species: EU Habitats Directive || Martes martes Ireland 2016- Protected Species: EU Habitats Directive >> 2025 Annex V || Protected Species: Wildlife Acts Eurasian Badger Mammals of Protected Species: Wildlife Acts Meles meles Ireland 2016- 2025 Eurasian Pygmy Mammals of Protected Species: Wildlife Acts Shrew Sorex Ireland 2016- minutus 2025 Eurasian Red Mammals of Protected Species: Wildlife Acts Squirrel Sciurus Ireland 2016- vulgaris 2025 West European Mammals of Protected Species: Wildlife Acts Hedgehog Ireland 2016- Erinaceus 2025 europaeus Red Deer Cervus Atlas of Protected Species: Wildlife Acts elaphus Mammals in Ireland 2010- 2015 Irish Stoat Mustela Atlas of Protected Species: Wildlife Acts erminea subsp. Mammals in hibernica Ireland 2010- 2015 Irish Hare Lepus Mammals of Protected Species: Wildlife Acts timidus subsp. Ireland 2016- hibernicus 2025

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C Appendix - Non-native Invasive Species Invasive Species found in or adjacent to the River Brosna within 10km over the past 10 years from National Biodiversity Data Centre map database Species name Date of last record Title of dataset Greylag Goose Anser 31/12/2010 Bird Atlas 2007 - 2011 anser) Roach Rutilus rutilus) 18/05/2014 Freshwater Fish in Irish Lakes Douglas Fir 03/05/2014 Species Data from the National Vegetation Pseudotsuga Database menziesii) Cherry Laurel Prunus 18/05/2012 Online Atlas of Vascular Plants 2012-2020 laurocerasus) Canadian Waterweed 18/03/2012 BSBI tetrad data for Ireland Elodea canadensis) Japanese Knotweed 14/01/2011 Online Atlas of Vascular Plants 2012-2020 Fallopia japonica) Nuttall's Waterweed 31/12/2011 Irish Vascular Plant Data - Paul Green Elodea nuttallii) Rhododendron 31/12/2011 Species Data from the National Vegetation ponticum Database Black Currant Ribes 23/08/2013 Irish Vascular Plant Data - Paul Green nigrum) Butterfly-bush 31/08/2014 Online Atlas of Vascular Plants 2012-2020 Buddleja davidii) Himalayan 31/12/2010 Species Data from the National Vegetation Honeysuckle Database Leycesteria formosa) Least Duckweed 17/05/2014 Irish Vascular Plant Data - Robert Lemna minuta) Northridge Sycamore Acer 11/08/2009 Online Atlas of Vascular Plants 2012-2020 pseudoplatanus) Traveller's-joy 01/08/2014 Irish Vascular Plant Data - Paul Green Clematis vitalba) American Skunk- 31/12/2008 National Invasive Species Database cabbage Lysichiton americanus) Himalayan Knotweed 21/09/2017 BSBI tetrad data for Ireland Persicaria wallichii) Spanish Bluebell 03/08/2017 Discrete vascular plant surveys Hyacinthoides hispanica) Zebra Mussel 09/10/2008 National Invasive Species Database Dreissena Dreissena) polymorpha) Budapest Slug 29/07/2011 All Ireland Non-Marine Molluscan Tandonia Database budapestensis) Common Garden 14/12/2009 All Ireland Non-Marine Molluscan Snail Cornu Database aspersum) Jenkins' Spire Snail 31/12/2010 All Ireland Non-Marine Molluscan Potamopyrgus Database

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Species name Date of last record Title of dataset antipodarum) Keeled Slug 27/08/2008 All Ireland Non-Marine Molluscan Tandonia sowerbyi) Database Wrinkled Snail 06/10/2013 All Ireland Non-Marine Molluscan Candidula intersecta) Database House Mouse Mus 15/02/2011 Mammals of Ireland 2016-2025 musculus) Eastern Grey Squirrel 30/06/2010 Atlas of Mammals in Ireland 2010-2015 Sciurus carolinensis) American Mink 31/12/2010 Atlas of Mammals in Ireland 2010-2015 Mustela vison) Brown Rat Rattus 19/05/2012 Mammals of Ireland 2016-2025 norvegicus) Wild Boar Sus scrofa) 31/12/2010 National Invasive Species Database Fallow Deer Dama 30/06/2011 Atlas of Mammals in Ireland 2010-2015 dama) Bank Vole Myodes 14/05/2014 Atlas of Mammals in Ireland 2010-2015 glareolus) European Rabbit 31/12/2011 Atlas of Mammals in Ireland 2010-2015 Oryctolagus cuniculus) Feral Goat Capra 20/01/2011 Ireland's BioBlitz hircus) Greater White- 31/12/2011 Mammals of Ireland 2016-2025 toothed Shrew Crocidura russula)

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D Environmental Drainage Maintenance Manual

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E Foreman’s Bridge Inspection Report

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Rev 0415 Driver Bridge Inspection Report

Scheme: Date of inspection:

Channel: Bridge No.:

Chainage:

Approx. Age of Bridge General Condition Good Fair Bridge Type Box Culvert Poor Pipe Culvert Masonry Arch Repairs Required Stone Arch Inspection Required Other Bank Erosion U/S Number of Spans Bank Erosion D/S

Deck Present Parapets Present

Deck Type Reinforced Parapets Number Present Concrete Timber Steel Parapets Condition Good Stone/Masonry Fair Combination Poor Other Parapets Type Reinforced Concrete Deck Condition Good Timber Fair Steel Poor Stone/Masonry Combination Wing Walls Present Other

Wing Walls Number Access Good Fair Wing Walls Good Poor Condition Fair Poor Use Road Traffic Agricultural Floor Present Footbridge Railway Floor Number Frequency of Use Not Used Floor Condition Good Low Usage Fair High Usage Poor

Remarks

Inspected by: Foreman’s Initials:

Rev 0415 Foreman Bridge Inspection Report

Date of inspection: ______

Inspected by: ______

Yes If yes – programme maintenance for next year Maintenance required No and complete below

Yes Emergency works required If yes – complete below No

Yes In-channel works required If yes - apply water quality mitigation measures No

Cracks present that could be used by Yes If yes - refer to Environment Section with roosting bats photograph as additional surveys may be *For brick or stone structures only No required

Yes If yes - refer to Environment Section with Dense ivy cover that could be used by bats photograph as additional surveys may be No required

Ledges present that are / could be used by Yes If yes – avoid nesting season or survey for nesting nesting birds No birds prior to maintenance

Dense bank-side vegetation surrounding the Yes If yes – avoid nesting season or survey for nesting structure suitable for birds No birds prior to maintenance

Yes If yes - check for presence of otter/badger – Dense bank-side vegetation surrounding the Refer to Environment Section with photo if structure suitable for otter No found as licence may be required

Non-native invasive species detailed in Yes If yes, refer to Environment Section with 'Invasives SOP' present No photograph

Yes If yes – inform Environment Section once Suitable for installation of bat box No installed

Yes If yes – inform Environment Section once Suitable for installation of bird (dipper) box No installed

Remarks

F Environmental Risk Assessment Form

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OPW Arterial Drainage

Environmental Risk Assessment

To be completed by the works manager where the following conditions are met

Works within an SAC or SPA Yes☐

Works on a major channel (i.e. base width greater than 3m) Yes☐

More than 10 years since maintenance on the Channel (>3m) or Embankment Yes☐

General Site Details

Start Date: Click or tap to enter a date. Est Completion Date: Click or tap to enter a date.

Site Location: Click or tap here to enter text. Scheme: Click or tap here to enter text.

Channel No./Ref.: Click or tap here to enter text. Bridge No.: Click or tap here to enter text.

GPS coordinates: Click or tap here to enter text. Road Number: Click or tap here to enter text. Nature of Works: Programmed ☐ Non-Programmed ☐ Emergency ☐

If Yes is answered to any of the following questions, forward to Environment Section

Does the work entail heavy tree or vegetation removal on a channel, embankment or Yes ☐ No ☐ machine access corridor? Does the works entail embankment refurbishment works not classified as general Yes ☐ No ☐ maintenance? Does the works entail more than 40m of bank protection or other structural work on Yes ☐ No ☐ a channel? Are the nature of the works or location of the works outside the scope of the Yes ☐ No ☐ associated arterial drainage maintenance five year Appropriate Assessments?

Additional Information From the GIS records, is this a Freshwater Pearl Mussel location? Yes ☐ No ☐

Have particular sensitivities been flagged by other stakeholders such as IFI or NPWS? Yes ☐ No ☐

Is there a requirement to carry out the works outside the appropriate environmental Yes ☐ No ☐ window?

Signed: Date:Click or tap to enter a date.

Rev 11/17

G Ecological Survey Extent

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Survey: Brosna 2018

000609 000688 002205 000440 002299 001637 000611 004064 004232 004139 002313

002342 000685 004044

002339 002214 002336 001625 002337

001831 004097

000582 001776 000580 000572 000576

002213 000575

000581 000571 000216

004096 002356 000859 002162 002353 000566

004086 000919 000412 002141 004137 004160

0 6.5 13 Legend km ¯ OPW Arterial Drainage Scheme Channels OPW Arterial Drainage Scheme Embankments © Ordnance Survey Ireland, 2018. All rights Survey Coverage Full survey coverage reserved. Licence number AR 0107218. Special Areas of Conservation (SAC) Special Protection Areas (SPA)

H Channels, Embankments, Bridges and Sluices screened into assessment and pathways of impact

2018s0768 Office of Public Works NIS Brosna v1.0 XXXVIII

Channels

Channel Lough Owel SPA (004047) Middle Shannon Callows SPA (004096) Lough Ennell SPA (004044) River Shannon Callows SAC (000216) Charleville Wood SAC (000571) Clara Bog SAC (000572) Ferbane Bog (000575) OVERALL_ID REF Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater 3344 C10(1) x x x 3209 C10(2) x 3210 C10(2A) x 3211 C10(2B) x 3212 C10(2C) 3205 C10(3) x 3203 C10(4) x 3204 C10(5) 3200 C10(6) 3201 C10(6A) 3202 C10(6B) 3206 C10(7) 3207 C10(8) 3208 C10(8A) 3182 C10(9) x 3181 C10(9A) x 3148 C11(1) x 3143 C12(1) x 3142 C12(2) x 3138 C13(1) x x 3140 C14(1) x 3141 C14(2) x x 3144 C15(1) x 3258 C16(1) x 3294 C16(3) 3293 C16(4) 3292 C16(5) 3257 C17(1) x 3128 C17(2) x 3127 C17(3) x 3254 C17(4) 0 C17(4A) 0 C17(4B) 3296 C17(4C) 3295 C17(4D) 3256 C17(5) 3125 C17(5B) 3297 C17(5C) 3340 C17(5D) 3255 C17(5E) 3298 C17(5F) 0 C18(1) 3299 C18(3) 3300 C18(3B) 3301 C18(4) 3291 C18(4B) 3305 C18(4C) 3303 C18(5) 3302 C18(5A) 3145 C19(1) x x 3242 C2(1) x x 3247 C2(3) x x 3246 C2(4) x x 3243 C2(5) 3241 C2(5A) 3244 C2(5B) 3245 C2(6) 3249 C20(1) x x 3218 C20(2) x x 3136 C20(3) x 3137 C20(3A) x 0 C20(3B) x 3273 C21(1) x 3216 C22(1) 3275 C23(1) 3276 C24(1) 3286 C25(1) 3285 C25(2) 3282 C26(1) 3283 C26(2) 3278 C27(1) 3281 C28(1) 3280 C29(1) 3123 C3(1) 3165 C3(10) 3199 C3(10A) 3166 C3(11) 3167 C3(12) 3198 C3(12A) 3172 C3(12B) 3169 C3(12C) 3171 C3(12D) 3170 C3(12E) 3168 C3(12F) 3346 C3(13) 3099 C3(13A) 3100 C3(13B) 3097 C3(13C) 3347 C3(13D) 3096 C3(13E) 3098 C3(13F) 3103 C3(14) 3124 C3(15) 3158 C3(16) 3152 C3(17) 3153 C3(18) Channels

Channel Lough Owel SPA (004047) Middle Shannon Callows SPA (004096) Lough Ennell SPA (004044) River Shannon Callows SAC (000216) Charleville Wood SAC (000571) Clara Bog SAC (000572) Ferbane Bog (000575) OVERALL_ID REF Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater 3162 C3(19) 3151 C3(3) 3233 C3(3A) 3154 C3(4) 3155 C3(5) 3156 C3(6) 3157 C3(6A) 3159 C3(7) 3160 C3(7A) 3161 C3(7B) 3163 C3(8) 3164 C3(9) 3306 C30(1) x 3311 C31(1) x 0 C31(2) x 3310 C32(1) x 3309 C33(1) x 3308 C34(1) x 3319 C35(1) x x 3307 C35(2) x x x 3312 C35(3) x 3313 C35(3A) x 3314 C35(4) x 3334 C35(5) x 3320 C35(6) x 3329 C36(1) x x x 3330 C37(1) x x x 3321 C37(2) x 3323 C37(3) x 3335 C38(1) x x x 3333 C39(1) x x x 3150 C4(1) 3331 C40(1) x x x 3341 C40(2) x 3325 C41(1) x x x x 3270 C41(2) x x 3315 C42(1) x x x 3328 C43(1) x x x 3316 C43(2) x 3317 C43(3) x 3318 C43(4) x 3332 C44(1) x x x 3324 C45(1) x x x x x x 3267 C45(10) x x 3260 C45(11) x 3263 C45(12) x 3269 C45(3) x x 3268 C45(3A) x x 3261 C45(4) x 3262 C45(5) x x 3266 C45(5A) x x 3264 C45(6) 3265 C45(7) 3336 C45(8) 3338 C45(9) 3238 C46(1) 3139 C47(1) x x 3217 C48(1) x 3277 C49(1) 3234 C5(1) 3235 C5(2) 3149 C6(1) 3146 C7(1) 3236 C7(2) 3237 C7(2A) 3147 C7(3) 3345 C8(1) x x x 3186 C8(10) x x 3187 C8(11) x 3191 C8(11A) x 3188 C8(12) x 3189 C8(12A) x 3190 C8(13) x 3192 C8(15) x 3193 C8(16) 3195 C8(16A) 3196 C8(16B) 3194 C8(16C) 3118 C8(17) 3119 C8(17A) 3120 C8(17B) 3122 C8(17C) 3113 C8(18) 3114 C8(18A) 3116 C8(18B) 3117 C8(18C) 3115 C8(18D) 3110 C8(19) 3177 C8(20) x 3225 C8(3) x 3227 C8(3A) x 3228 C8(3C) x 3226 C8(3D) x 3224 C8(3E) x 3174 C8(4) x 3175 C8(4A) x Channels

Channel Lough Owel SPA (004047) Middle Shannon Callows SPA (004096) Lough Ennell SPA (004044) River Shannon Callows SAC (000216) Charleville Wood SAC (000571) Clara Bog SAC (000572) Ferbane Bog (000575) OVERALL_ID REF Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater 3176 C8(4B) x 3178 C8(5) x x 3179 C8(5A) x 3180 C8(6) x 3343 C8(6A) x 3342 C8(6B) x 3232 C8(7) x x 3184 C8(8) x x 3185 C8(9) x x 3251 C9(1) x x x 3272 C9(10) 3223 C9(11) x 3220 C9(12) 3231 C9(3) x x 3230 C9(4) x x x 3213 C9(5) x x 3215 C9(6) x x 3214 C9(6A) x x 3222 C9(7) x 3252 C9(8) 3250 M14B 3251 M20A x 3221 M21A 3126 M28A 3322 M32A x 3239 M3A x x 3134 M4 x x 3135 M4A x x 3130 M5A x x 3131 M5B x x 0 M6B x x 3253 M7A 0 M7B 3279 M9A 3326 C1(1) x x x x x x x x 3326 C1(1) x x 3326 C1(1) 3326 C1(1) x x x 3326 C1(1) 3326 C1(1) Channels

Channel Moyclare Bog (000581) Lough Ennell SAC (000685) Lough Owel SAC (000688) Clonaslee Eskers And Derry Bog SAC (000859) Split Hills And Long Hill Esker SAC (001831) OVERALL_ID REF Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater 3344 C10(1) 3209 C10(2) 3210 C10(2A) 3211 C10(2B) 3212 C10(2C) 3205 C10(3) 3203 C10(4) 3204 C10(5) 3200 C10(6) 3201 C10(6A) 3202 C10(6B) 3206 C10(7) 3207 C10(8) 3208 C10(8A) 3182 C10(9) 3181 C10(9A) 3148 C11(1) 3143 C12(1) 3142 C12(2) 3138 C13(1) 3140 C14(1) 3141 C14(2) 3144 C15(1) 3258 C16(1) 3294 C16(3) 3293 C16(4) 3292 C16(5) 3257 C17(1) x 3128 C17(2) 3127 C17(3) 3254 C17(4) 0 C17(4A) 0 C17(4B) 3296 C17(4C) 3295 C17(4D) 3256 C17(5) 3125 C17(5B) 3297 C17(5C) 3340 C17(5D) 3255 C17(5E) 3298 C17(5F) 0 C18(1) x 3299 C18(3) x 3300 C18(3B) 3301 C18(4) x x x 3291 C18(4B) x 3305 C18(4C) x x 3303 C18(5) x 3302 C18(5A) 3145 C19(1) 3242 C2(1) 3247 C2(3) 3246 C2(4) 3243 C2(5) 3241 C2(5A) 3244 C2(5B) 3245 C2(6) 3249 C20(1) 3218 C20(2) 3136 C20(3) 3137 C20(3A) 0 C20(3B) 3273 C21(1) 3216 C22(1) 3275 C23(1) x 3276 C24(1) x 3286 C25(1) x 3285 C25(2) x 3282 C26(1) x 3283 C26(2) x 3278 C27(1) x 3281 C28(1) x 3280 C29(1) x x x 3123 C3(1) x x 3165 C3(10) x x 3199 C3(10A) x x 3166 C3(11) x x 3167 C3(12) x x 3198 C3(12A) x x 3172 C3(12B) x x 3169 C3(12C) x x 3171 C3(12D) x x 3170 C3(12E) x 3168 C3(12F) x 3346 C3(13) x x x 3099 C3(13A) x x 3100 C3(13B) x x 3097 C3(13C) x x x 3347 C3(13D) x x 3096 C3(13E) x x 3098 C3(13F) x x x 3103 C3(14) x x x 3124 C3(15) x x 3158 C3(16) 3152 C3(17) 3153 C3(18) Channels

Channel Moyclare Bog (000581) Lough Ennell SAC (000685) Lough Owel SAC (000688) Clonaslee Eskers And Derry Bog SAC (000859) Split Hills And Long Hill Esker SAC (001831) OVERALL_ID REF Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater 3162 C3(19) 3151 C3(3) 3233 C3(3A) 3154 C3(4) 3155 C3(5) 3156 C3(6) 3157 C3(6A) 3159 C3(7) 3160 C3(7A) 3161 C3(7B) 3163 C3(8) 3164 C3(9) x 3306 C30(1) x x 3311 C31(1) x x 0 C31(2) x x 3310 C32(1) x x x 3309 C33(1) x x x 3308 C34(1) x x x 3319 C35(1) x x x x 3307 C35(2) x x x 3312 C35(3) x x 3313 C35(3A) x x 3314 C35(4) x x 3334 C35(5) x x 3320 C35(6) x 3329 C36(1) x x x 3330 C37(1) x x x 3321 C37(2) x 3323 C37(3) x 3335 C38(1) x x x 3333 C39(1) x x x 3150 C4(1) 3331 C40(1) x x x 3341 C40(2) x 3325 C41(1) x x x x 3270 C41(2) x x 3315 C42(1) x x x 3328 C43(1) x x x 3316 C43(2) x 3317 C43(3) x 3318 C43(4) x 3332 C44(1) x x x 3324 C45(1) x x x x x x 3267 C45(10) x x 3260 C45(11) x 3263 C45(12) x 3269 C45(3) x x x 3268 C45(3A) x x 3261 C45(4) x 3262 C45(5) x x 3266 C45(5A) x x 3264 C45(6) x 3265 C45(7) 3336 C45(8) 3338 C45(9) 3238 C46(1) 3139 C47(1) 3217 C48(1) 3277 C49(1) x 3234 C5(1) 3235 C5(2) 3149 C6(1) 3146 C7(1) 3236 C7(2) 3237 C7(2A) 3147 C7(3) 3345 C8(1) x 3186 C8(10) 3187 C8(11) 3191 C8(11A) 3188 C8(12) 3189 C8(12A) 3190 C8(13) 3192 C8(15) 3193 C8(16) 3195 C8(16A) 3196 C8(16B) 3194 C8(16C) 3118 C8(17) 3119 C8(17A) x 3120 C8(17B) x 3122 C8(17C) x 3113 C8(18) 3114 C8(18A) x 3116 C8(18B) 3117 C8(18C) 3115 C8(18D) 3110 C8(19) x 3177 C8(20) 3225 C8(3) 3227 C8(3A) 3228 C8(3C) 3226 C8(3D) 3224 C8(3E) 3174 C8(4) 3175 C8(4A) Channels

Channel Moyclare Bog (000581) Lough Ennell SAC (000685) Lough Owel SAC (000688) Clonaslee Eskers And Derry Bog SAC (000859) Split Hills And Long Hill Esker SAC (001831) OVERALL_ID REF Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater 3176 C8(4B) 3178 C8(5) 3179 C8(5A) 3180 C8(6) 3343 C8(6A) 3342 C8(6B) 3232 C8(7) 3184 C8(8) 3185 C8(9) 3251 C9(1) x 3272 C9(10) x 3223 C9(11) 3220 C9(12) 3231 C9(3) 3230 C9(4) 3213 C9(5) 3215 C9(6) 3214 C9(6A) 3222 C9(7) 3252 C9(8) x 3250 M14B x 3251 M20A 3221 M21A 3126 M28A 3322 M32A x 3239 M3A 3134 M4 3135 M4A 3130 M5A 3131 M5B 0 M6B 3253 M7A x 0 M7B x 3279 M9A x 3326 C1(1) x 3326 C1(1) x 3326 C1(1) x 3326 C1(1) x x x x x x 3326 C1(1) x 3326 C1(1) x Embankments

Embankment Charleville Wood SAC (000571) Clara Bog SAC (000572) Clonaslee Eskers And Derry Bog SAC (000859) Split Hills And Long Hill Esker SAC (001831) TYPE_ID UNIQUE_ID Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater E1 3287 x x E11 3106 x x E12 3107 x x E13 3101 x x E14 3102 x x E15 3104 x x x E16 3105 x x x E17 x x x E18 x x x E19 x E2 x x E20 x E21 x E22 x E23 3111 x E24 3112 x E25 E26 E27 3108 x E28 3109 x E29 x E3 3284 x x E30 x E4 x x Bridges

Bridge Lough Owel SPA (004047) Middle Shannon Callows SPA (004096) Lough Ennell SPA (004044) River Shannon Callows SAC (000216) Charleville Wood SAC (000571) Clara Bog SAC (000572) Type ID Channel_ID Unique ID Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater B1 C1(1) 7277 x x B351 C2(1) 7278 x x B197 C2(1) 7279 x x B27 C2(1) 7280 x x B392 C2(3) 7281 x x B198 C2(1) 7282 x x B390 C2(1) 7283 x x B199 C2(1) 7284 x x B198A C2(3) 7285 x x B2 C1(1) 7286 x x B200 C2(1) 7288 x x B28 C2(1) 7289 x x B393 C2(4) 7290 x x B394 C2(4) 7291 x x B201 C2(1) 7292 B202 C2(1) 7293 B29 C2(5) 7295 B203 C2(1) 7296 B204 C2(1) 7297 B205 C2(1) 7298 B206 C2(1) 7299 B411 C3(3A) 7300 B33 C3(3A) 7301 B410 C3(3A) 7302 B391 C2(1) 7303 B3 C1(1) 7304 B32 C3(3A) 7305 B208 C3(3A) 7306 B409 C3(3A) 7307 B30 C3(3) 7308 B31 C3(3A) 7309 B408 C3(3A) 7310 B352 C1(1) 7311 B407 C3(3) 7312 B406 C3(3) 7313 B36 C3(1) 7314 B405 C3(3) 7315 B404 C3(3) 7316 B412 C3(17) 7317 B419 C3(18) 7318 B413 C3(17) 7319 B14 C1(1) 7320 B414 C3(17) 7321 B35 C3(1) 7322 B403 C3(3) 7323 B417 C3(17) 7324 B415 C3(17) 7325 B416 C3(17) 7326 B418 C3(17) 7327 B420 C3(18) 7328 B37 C3(4) 7329 B402 C3(3) 7330 B421 C3(18) 7332 B34 C3(1) 7333 B38 C3(4) 7334 B422 C3(18) 7335 B423 C3(18) 7336 B424 C3(18) 7337 B39 C3(5) 7338 B425 C3(18) 7339 B16 C1(1) 7340 B210 C3(5) 7341 B512 C4(1) 7342 B511 C4(1) 7343 B426 C3(18) 7344 B40 C3(5) 7345 B427 C3(18) 7346 B510 C4(1) 7347 B41 C3(6) 7348 B509 C4(1) 7349 B428 C3(18) 7350 B227 C4(1) 7351 B228 C4(1) 7352 B211 C3(1) 7353 B233 C5(1) 7354 B516 C5(1) 7355 B515 C5(1) 7356 B232 C5(1) 7357 B229 C5(1) 7358 B230 C5(1) 7359 Bridges

Bridge Lough Owel SPA (004047) Middle Shannon Callows SPA (004096) Lough Ennell SPA (004044) River Shannon Callows SAC (000216) Charleville Wood SAC (000571) Clara Bog SAC (000572) Type ID Channel_ID Unique ID Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater B514 C5(1) 7360 B375 C5(1) 7361 B231 C5(1) 7362 B513 C5(1) 7363 B228 C5(1) 7364 B420 C3(16) 7365 B526 C6(1) 7366 B449 C3(19) 7367 B212 C3(1) 7368 B525 C6(1) 7369 B450 C3(19) 7370 B213 C3(7) 7371 B129 C16(3) 7372 B524 C6(1) 7373 B44 C3(1) 7374 B305 C16(4) 7375 B441 C3(7A) 7376 B705 C16(4) 7377 B440 C3(7A) 7378 B439 C3(7A) 7379 B438 C3(7A) 7380 B437 C3(7A) 7381 B436 C3(7A) 7382 B218 C3(1) 7383 B435 C3(7A) 7384 B523 C6(1) 7385 B214 C3(7) 7386 B703 C16(3) 7387 B522 C6(1) 7388 B448 C3(7B) 7389 B447 C3(7B) 7390 B446 C3(7B) 7391 B443 C3(7B) 7392 B444 C3(7B) 7393 B445 C3(7B) 7394 B442 C3(7B) 7395 B702 C16(3) 7396 B521 C6(1) 7397 B215 C3(7) 7398 B704 C16(4) 7399 B520 C6(1) 7400 B43 C3(7) 7401 B519 C6(1) 7402 B304 C16(4) 7403 B128 C16(1) 7404 B701 C16(1) 7405 B219 C3(1) 7406 B518 C6(1) 7407 B696 C16(1) 7408 B517 C5(2) 7409 B46 C3(1) 7410 B306 C16(1) 7411 B57 C5(2) 7412 B699 C16(1) 7413 B700 C16(1) 7414 B698 C16(1) 7416 B697 C16(1) 7417 B396 C3(1) 7418 B528 C7(1) 7419 B687 C12(2) 7420 x B4 C1(1) 7421 B217 C3(7) 7422 B216 C3(7) 7423 B527 C7(1) 7424 B686 C12(2) 7425 x B377 C7(1) 7426 B58 C7(1) 7427 B127 C16(1) 7428 B695 C16(1) 7429 B397 C3(1) 7430 B124 C12(1) 7431 x B303 C12(1) 7432 x B430 C3(7) 7433 B431 C3(7) 7434 B529 C7(1) 7435 B432 C3(7) 7436 B359 C12(1) 7437 x B433 C3(7) 7438 B434 C3(7) 7440 B17 C1(1) 7441 x Bridges

Bridge Lough Owel SPA (004047) Middle Shannon Callows SPA (004096) Lough Ennell SPA (004044) River Shannon Callows SAC (000216) Charleville Wood SAC (000571) Clara Bog SAC (000572) Type ID Channel_ID Unique ID Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater B691 C14(1) 7442 x B398 C3(1) 7443 B136 C17(4) 7445 B47B C3(9) 7446 B47A C3(1) 7447 B694 C16(1) 7449 x B48 C3(1) 7450 B474 C3(12) 7451 B59 C7(1) 7452 B473 C3(12) 7453 B688 C13(1) 7454 x B530 C7(1) 7455 B452 M14B 7456 B472 C3(12) 7457 B60 C7(1) 7458 B689 C13(1) 7459 x B399 C3(1) 7460 B451 C3(9) 7461 B690 C13(1) 7462 x B486 C3(12E) 7463 B305 C17(4) 7464 B542 C3(3) 7465 x B234 C7(2) 7466 B5 C1(1) 7467 x x B361 C1(1) 7468 x x B543 C3(3) 7469 x B378 C3(3) 7470 x B400 C3(1) 7471 B693 C16(1) 7472 x B471 C3(12) 7473 B239 C7(1) 7474 B242 C7(3) 7475 B531 C7(1) 7476 B241 C7(3) 7477 B51 C3(12) 7478 B532 C7(1) 7479 B478 C3(12B) 7480 B18 C1(1) 7482 x x B533 C7(1) 7483 B485 C3(12E) 7484 B470 C3(12) 7485 B479 C3(12B) 7486 B537 C7(3) 7487 B363 C1(1) 7489 x B534 C7(1) 7490 B481 C3(12B) 7491 B535 C7(1) 7493 B482 C3(12B) 7494 B135 C17(4) 7495 B482 C3(12D) 7496 B240 C7(1) 7497 B61 C7(2) 7498 B483 C3(12B) 7499 B692 C16(1) 7500 x B483 C3(12D) 7501 B134 C17(4) 7502 B536 C7(1) 7503 B126 C16(1) 7504 x B235 C7(2A) 7505 B236 C7(2A) 7506 B469 C3(12) 7507 B468 C3(12) 7508 B237 C7(2A) 7509 B66A C8(3) 7510 x B716 C17(4) 7511 B538 C8(1) 7512 x B238 C7(2A) 7513 B557 C8(3D) 7514 x B578 C8(3D) 7515 x B49 C3(1) 7517 B477 C3(12A) 7518 B467 C3(12) 7519 B544 C8(3A) 7520 x B225 C3(1) 7521 B476 C3(12A) 7522 B466 C3(12) 7523 B242A C8(3A) 7524 x B553 C8(3A) 7525 B465 C3(12) 7526 B715 C17(4) 7527 Bridges

Bridge Lough Owel SPA (004047) Middle Shannon Callows SPA (004096) Lough Ennell SPA (004044) River Shannon Callows SAC (000216) Charleville Wood SAC (000571) Clara Bog SAC (000572) Type ID Channel_ID Unique ID Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater B876 C8(3A) 7528 x B552 C8(3A) 7529 B324 C19(1) 7530 x x B140 C17(5) 7531 B545 C8(3A) 7532 x B19 C1(1) 7533 x B139 C17(5) 7534 B242B C8(3C) 7535 x B730 C17(5C) 7536 B714 C17(4) 7537 B464 C3(12) 7538 B220 C3(10) 7539 B729 C17(5C) 7540 B721 C17(5) 7541 B503 C3(13A) 7542 B554 C8(3C) 7543 x B551 C8(3A) 7545 B569 C8(4A) 7546 x B550 C8(3A) 7547 B463 C3(12) 7548 B502 C3(13A) 7550 B130 C17(1) 7551 x B555 C8(3C) 7552 x B549 C8(3A) 7553 B458 C3(11) 7554 B548 C8(3A) 7555 B546 C8(3A) 7556 B547 C8(3A) 7557 B501 C3(13A) 7558 B719 C17(5) 7559 B731 C17(5D) 7560 B310 C17(5) 7561 B366 C17(5) 7562 B720 C17(5) 7563 B459 C3(11) 7564 B66 C8(4A) 7565 x B462 C3(12) 7566 B718 C17(5) 7567 B65 C8(4A) 7568 x B500 C3(13A) 7569 B499 C3(13A) 7570 B133 C17(4) 7571 B132 C17(1) 7572 x B568 C8(4A) 7573 x B460 C3(11) 7574 B732 C17(5D) 7575 B498 C3(13A) 7576 B453 C3(10) 7577 B223 C3(11) 7578 B64 C8(4B) 7579 x B717 C17(5) 7580 B570 C8(4B) 7581 x B566 C8(4A) 7582 x B497 C3(13A) 7583 B461 C3(12) 7584 B496 C3(13A) 7585 B401 C3(1) 7586 B309 C17(1) 7587 B454 C3(10) 7588 B90 C9(4) 7589 x x x B565 C8(4A) 7590 x B495 C3(13A) 7591 B564 C8(4) 7593 x B494 C3(13A) 7594 B562 C8(4) 7595 x B63 C8(4) 7596 x B243 C8(4) 7597 x B560 C8(4) 7598 x B455 C3(10) 7599 B563 C8(4) 7600 x B559 C8(4) 7601 x B493 C3(13A) 7602 B561 C8(4) 7603 x B492 C3(13A) 7604 B556 C8(3C) 7605 B706 C17(1) 7606 B138 C17(5) 7608 B643 C8(20) 7609 x B50 C3(12) 7610 B62 C8(4) 7611 x Bridges

Bridge Lough Owel SPA (004047) Middle Shannon Callows SPA (004096) Lough Ennell SPA (004044) River Shannon Callows SAC (000216) Charleville Wood SAC (000571) Clara Bog SAC (000572) Type ID Channel_ID Unique ID Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater B55 C3(1) 7612 B89 C9(4) 7613 x x B644 C8(20) 7614 x B645 C8(20) 7615 x B491 C3(13A) 7616 B243B C8(20) 7617 x B489 C3(13A) 7618 B137 C17(5) 7619 B456 C3(10A) 7621 B490 C3(13A) 7622 B244 C8(1) 7623 x B131 C17(2) 7624 x B221 C3(10A) 7625 B88 C9(1) 7626 x B222 C3(10) 7627 B646 C8(20) 7628 x B316 C18(3) 7629 B271 C9(4) 7630 x x B728 C17(5D) 7631 B648 C9(4) 7632 x x B727 C17(5D) 7633 B457 C3(10A) 7634 B315 C18(3) 7635 B87 C9(3) 7636 x B707 C17(1) 7638 B6 C1(1) 7639 x x B244 C8(1) 7640 x x B708 C17(2) 7642 x B270 C9(3) 7644 x B647 C9(1) 7645 x x B7 C1(1) 7647 x x B709 C17(2) 7648 x B142 C17(1) 7649 B725 C17(5E) 7650 B710 C17(2) 7651 x B723 C17(5B) 7652 B726 C17(5E) 7653 B733 C18(3) 7654 B574 C8(5) 7655 x x B308 C17(2) 7656 x B273 C9(5) 7658 x x B724 C17(5B) 7659 B272 C9(5) 7660 x x B504 C3(13C) 7661 B314 C18(3) 7662 B505 C3(13C) 7663 B573 C8(5) 7664 x x B91 C9(1) 7665 x x B311 C17(1) 7666 B711 C17(2) 7667 x B216A C8(5) 7668 x x B145 C18(3) 7669 B712 C17(2) 7670 x B713 C17(2) 7671 x B572 C8(5) 7672 x B54 C3(13C) 7673 B487 C3(13) 7674 B367 C17(2) 7675 x B737 C18(3) 7676 B154 C20(2) 7677 x x B369 C18(3) 7678 B312 C18(3) 7679 B68 C8(5) 7680 x B313 C18(3) 7681 B488 C3(13) 7682 B245 C8(1) 7683 x x B321 C20(1) 7684 x x B52 C3(13) 7685 B739 C18(3B) 7686 B751 C20(1) 7687 x x B143 C17(1) 7688 B144 C17(1) 7690 B368 C18(3B) 7691 B320 C20(1) 7692 x x B750 C20(1) 7693 x x B380 C8(5) 7694 x x B155 C20(1) 7695 x x B571 C8(5) 7696 x x B740 C18(3B) 7697 B367A C18(3) 7699 Bridges

Bridge Lough Owel SPA (004047) Middle Shannon Callows SPA (004096) Lough Ennell SPA (004044) River Shannon Callows SAC (000216) Charleville Wood SAC (000571) Clara Bog SAC (000572) Type ID Channel_ID Unique ID Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater B318 C20(1) 7700 x B506 C3(13D) 7701 B319 C20(1) 7702 x B8 C20(1) 7703 x B53 C3(13) 7704 B507 C3(13D) 7705 B151 C18(1) 7706 B508 C3(13D) 7707 B351 C8(1) 7708 x x B576 C8(6) 7709 x B575 C8(6) 7710 x B370 C18(1) 7711 B92 C9(1) 7712 x x B736 C18(1) 7713 B577 C8(6A) 7714 x B71 C8(1) 7715 x B70 C8(6A) 7716 x B752 C20(1) 7717 x B735 C18(1) 7718 B148 C18(1) 7719 B861 C18(1) 7721 B753 C20(1) 7722 x B578 C8(6A) 7723 x B747 C18(5) 7724 B382 C10(1) 7725 x x B100 C10(1) 7726 x x x B353 C9(6) 7727 x x B10 C1(1) 7728 x B854 C9(1) 7729 x x B150 C18(1) 7730 B649 C9(6) 7731 x x B874 C10(9) 7732 x x B653 C9(6A) 7733 x B9 C1(1) 7734 x B652 C9(6A) 7736 x B249 C8(8) 7737 x x B279 C10(1) 7738 x x B275 C9(6A) 7739 x B589 C8(8) 7740 x x B93 C9(6) 7741 x x B280 C10(1) 7742 x x B743 C18(4B) 7743 B733 C18(1) 7744 B748 C18(5A) 7745 B734 C18(1) 7746 B651 C9(6A) 7747 x B749 C18(5A) 7748 B588 C8(8) 7749 x x B252 C8(11) 7750 x x B253 C8(11) 7751 x x B587 C8(8) 7752 x x B281 C10(1) 7753 x x B250 C8(9) 7754 x x B586 C8(8) 7755 x x B282 C10(1) 7756 x x B744 C18(4B) 7757 B745 C18(4B) 7758 B274 C9(6A) 7759 x B283 C10(1) 7760 x x B254 C8(11) 7761 x B585 C8(8) 7762 x x B76 C8(1) 7763 x x x B276 C9(1) 7764 x x B77 C8(11A) 7765 x B746 C18(4B) 7766 B72 C8(7) 7767 x x x B579 C8(7) 7768 x x x B284 C10(1) 7769 x x B755 C21(1) 7770 x B754 C21(1) 7771 x B604 C8(13) 7772 x B580 C8(7) 7773 x x x B650 C9(6A) 7774 x x B590 C8(10) 7775 x x B94 C9(6) 7776 x x B591 C8(10) 7777 x x B80 C8(1) 7778 x B285 C10(1) 7779 x x B768 C49(1) 7780 B79 C8(13) 7781 x Bridges

Bridge Lough Owel SPA (004047) Middle Shannon Callows SPA (004096) Lough Ennell SPA (004044) River Shannon Callows SAC (000216) Charleville Wood SAC (000571) Clara Bog SAC (000572) Type ID Channel_ID Unique ID Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater B263 C8(17A) 7782 B605 C8(13) 7783 x B600 C8(11A) 7784 x B767 C49(1) 7785 B629 C8(17C) 7786 B620 C8(17A) 7787 B592 C8(10) 7788 x x B593 C8(10) 7790 x x B766 C49(1) 7791 B601 C8(11A) 7793 x B594 C8(10) 7794 x x B595 C8(10) 7795 x x B262 C8(17A) 7796 B619 C8(17A) 7797 B78 C8(12) 7798 x B602 C8(11A) 7799 x B596 C8(10) 7800 x x B765 C49(1) 7801 B618 C8(17A) 7802 B597 C8(10) 7803 x x B617 C8(17A) 7804 B628 C8(17C) 7805 B603 C8(11A) 7806 x B606 C8(13) 7807 x B627 C8(17B) 7808 B74 C8(10) 7809 x x B269 C8(1) 7810 B266 C8(17B) 7811 B616 C8(17A) 7812 B248 C8(7) 7813 x x x B268 C8(1) 7814 B764 C49(1) 7815 B646 C8(19) 7816 B763 C49(1) 7817 B147 C18(4) 7818 B73 C8(7) 7819 x x x B598 C8(10) 7820 x x B641 C8(19) 7821 B261 C8(17A) 7822 B741 C18(4) 7823 B267 C8(1) 7824 B756 C48(1) 7825 x B75 C8(10) 7826 x x B795 C37(1) 7827 B762 C49(1) 7828 B541 C8(1) 7829 B626 C8(17B) 7830 B599 C8(10) 7831 x B742 C18(4) 7832 B761 C49(1) 7833 B581 C8(7) 7834 x x B625 C8(17B) 7835 B265 C8(17B) 7836 B582 C8(7) 7837 x x B860 C8(17B) 7838 B538 C8(1) 7839 x B757 C48(1) 7840 B607 C8(13) 7841 x B624 C8(17B) 7842 B864 C8(17B) 7843 B760 C49(1) 7844 B623 C8(17B) 7845 B640 C8(18A) 7846 B615 C8(17A) 7847 B622 C8(17B) 7848 B614 C8(17A) 7849 B759 C49(1) 7850 B639 C8(18A) 7851 B583 C8(7) 7852 x x B621 C8(17B) 7853 B608 C8(13) 7854 x B156 C22(1) 7855 B613 C8(17A) 7856 B355 C10(1) 7857 x x B863 C1(1) 7858 B84 C8(1) 7859 B758 C22(1) 7860 B638 C8(18A) 7862 B769 C25/1 7863 B609 C8(13) 7864 x Bridges

Bridge Lough Owel SPA (004047) Middle Shannon Callows SPA (004096) Lough Ennell SPA (004044) River Shannon Callows SAC (000216) Charleville Wood SAC (000571) Clara Bog SAC (000572) Type ID Channel_ID Unique ID Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater B179 C37(1) 7865 B612 C8(17A) 7867 B101 C10(1) 7868 x x B157 C23(1) 7869 B637 C8(18A) 7870 B255 C8(13) 7871 x B540 C8(1) 7872 B611 C8(17A) 7873 B770 C25(1) 7874 B85 C8(18A) 7876 B633 C8(18) 7877 B635 C8(18) 7878 B634 C8(18) 7879 B286 C10(1) 7880 x B260A C8(1) 7881 B632 C8(18) 7882 B177 C37(3) 7883 x B85A C8(18) 7884 B868 C8(18) 7885 B631 C8(18) 7886 B12 C1(1) 7887 B256 C8(15) 7888 x B183 C38(1) 7889 B96 C9(1) 7890 x B371 C35(1) 7891 x B102 C10(1) 7892 x B173 C35(1) 7893 x B86 C8(18) 7894 B859 C8(18B) 7895 B798 C37(3) 7896 x B794 C37(1) 7897 x B172 C35(1) 7898 x B83 C8(17) 7899 B870 C8(18B) 7900 B287 C10(1) 7901 x B630 C8(18) 7902 B82 C8(1) 7903 x B260 C8(1) 7904 B636 C8(18) 7905 B797 C37(3) 7906 x B871 C8(18B) 7907 B872 C8(18) 7908 B873 C8(18) 7910 B97 C9(7) 7911 x B103 C10(1) 7912 x B26 C8(17) 7913 B258 C8(17) 7914 B610 C8(16) 7915 B259 C8(1) 7916 B288 C10(1) 7917 x B170 C35(5) 7918 x B158 C23(1) 7919 B865 C8(16A) 7921 B257 C8(16) 7922 B804 C39(1) 7923 B105 C10(2B) 7924 x B81 C8(15) 7925 x B855 C9(1) 7926 x B866 C8(16B) 7927 B182 C38(1) 7928 x B104 C10(2) 7930 x B383 C10(2) 7931 x B337 C35(5) 7932 x B171 C35(1) 7933 x B150 C27(1) 7934 B372 C37(1) 7935 x B658 C10(2) 7936 x B667 C10(2B) 7937 x B335 C35(4) 7938 x B784 C35(1) 7939 x B339 C35(1) 7940 x B657 C9(12) 7941 B323 C30(1) 7942 B338 C35(1) 7943 x B665 C10(2A) 7944 x B788 C35(4) 7945 x B340 C35(6) 7946 x B771 C27(1) 7947 B24 C1(1) 7948 B776 C30(1) 7949 Bridges

Bridge Lough Owel SPA (004047) Middle Shannon Callows SPA (004096) Lough Ennell SPA (004044) River Shannon Callows SAC (000216) Charleville Wood SAC (000571) Clara Bog SAC (000572) Type ID Channel_ID Unique ID Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater B169 C35(1) 7950 x B793 C37(1) 7951 x B334 C35(4) 7952 x B23 C1(1) 7954 x B666 C10(2A) 7955 x B373 C38(1) 7956 x B783 C35(1) 7957 x B336 C35(1) 7958 x B792 C37(1) 7959 x B796 M32A 7960 x B323 C35(4) 7961 x B801 C38(1) 7962 x B185 C39(1) 7963 x B343 C39(1) 7964 x B787 C35(4) 7965 x B342 C38(1) 7966 x B789 C35(6) 7967 x B176 C37(1) 7968 x B289 C10(2) 7969 x B332 C35(1) 7970 x B389 C1(1) 7972 x B868 C39(1) 7973 x B356 C10(3) 7974 x B98 C9(1) 7975 B856 M21A 7976 B858 M21A 7977 B290 C10(2) 7978 x B857 M21A 7979 B105 C10(3) 7980 x B341 C38(1) 7981 x B181 C38(1) 7982 x B277 C9(1) 7983 B772 C29(1) 7984 B773 C29(1) 7985 B791 C37(1) 7986 x x B161 C29(1) 7987 B180 C38(1) 7988 x B802 C39(1) 7989 x B790 C37(1) 7990 x x B774 C29(1) 7991 B331 C35(3A) 7992 x B786 C35(3) 7993 x B168 C35(1) 7994 x B330 C35(3) 7995 x B775 C29(1) 7996 B175 C37(1) 7997 x x B800 C38(1) 7998 x B174 C36(1) 7999 x x B278 C9(8) 8000 B194 C39(1) 8002 x B.162 C29(1) 8003 B699 C9(8) 8004 B776 C29(1) 8005 B106 C10(2) 8006 B293 C10(4) 8007 B292 C10(4) 8009 B671 C10(4) 8010 B357 C10(4) 8011 B668 C10(4) 8012 B777 C29(1) 8013 B659 C10(2) 8014 B660 C10(2) 8015 B785 C35(2) 8016 x x x B669 C10(4) 8017 B670 C10(4) 8018 B329 C35(1) 8019 x x B167 C34(1) 8020 x B656 C9(10) 8021 B22 C1(1) 8023 x x B672 C10(4) 8024 B661 C10(2) 8025 B13 C1(1) 8026 x B180 C40(1) 8027 x B806 C40(1) 8028 x B862 C40(1) 8029 x B662 C10(2) 8030 B683 C10(2) 8031 B110 C10(1) 8032 B779 C31(1) 8033 x B653 C9(8) 8034 Bridges

Bridge Lough Owel SPA (004047) Middle Shannon Callows SPA (004096) Lough Ennell SPA (004044) River Shannon Callows SAC (000216) Charleville Wood SAC (000571) Clara Bog SAC (000572) Type ID Channel_ID Unique ID Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater B166 C33(1) 8035 x B326 C31(1) 8036 x B328 C32(1) 8037 x B324 C31(1) 8038 x B664 C10(2) T B782 C31(2) 8040 x B165 C32(1) 8041 x B163 C31(1) 8042 x B325 C31(2) 8043 x B190 C41(1) 8044 x x B111 C10(5) 8045 B815 C41(1) 8046 x x B780 C31(1) 8047 x B680 C10(6A) 8048 B164 C31(2) 8049 x B327 C31(1) 8050 x B384 C10(5) 8051 B112 C10(6A) 8052 B679 C10(6A) 8053 B814 C41(1) 8054 x x B294 C10(6) 8055 B678 C10(6A) 8056 B189 C41(1) 8057 x x B345 C41(1) 8058 x x B675 C10(5) 8059 B675 C10(6) 8060 B805 C40(1) 8061 x x x B107 C10(2) 8062 B813 C41(1) 8063 x B654 C9(8) 8064 B188 C41(1) 8065 x B113 C10(6) 8066 B676 C10(6) 8067 B677 C10(6) 8068 B812 C41(1) 8069 x B295 C10(1) 8070 B674 C10(5) 8071 B811 C41(1) 8072 x B344 C41(1) 8073 x B781 C31(1) 8074 B296 C10(1) 8075 B819 C42(1) 8076 x B818 C42(1) 8077 x x B655 C9(8) 8078 B817 C42(1) 8079 x x B809 C41(1) 8080 x B297 C10(1) 8081 B820 C42(1) 8082 x B821 C42(1) 8083 x B187 C41(1) 8084 x x B808 C41(1) 8085 x x B115 C10(1) 8086 B807 C41(1) 8087 x x B832 C44(1) 8088 x x x B829 C43(3) 8089 x B822 C43(1) 8090 x B347 C44(1) 8092 x x B192 C45(1) 8093 x x B828 C43(3) 8094 x B842 C45(10) 8095 x x B833 C44(1) 8096 x x B116 C10(7) 8097 B191A C43(1) 8098 x B823 C43(1) 8099 x B681 C10(7) 8100 B830 C43(4) 8101 x B824 C43(1) 8102 x B827 C43(2) 8103 x B831 C43(4) 8104 x B836 C45(1) 8105 x B117 C10(7) 8106 B825 C43(1) 8108 x B682 C10(7) 8109 B834 C44(1) 8110 x B826 C43(1) 8112 x B683 C10(7) 8113 B837 C45(1) 8114 x B348 C45(1) 8117 x B850 C45(5) 8118 x x B849 C45(5) 8119 x x Bridges

Bridge Lough Owel SPA (004047) Middle Shannon Callows SPA (004096) Lough Ennell SPA (004044) River Shannon Callows SAC (000216) Charleville Wood SAC (000571) Clara Bog SAC (000572) Type ID Channel_ID Unique ID Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater B118 C10(1) 8120 B848 C45(5) 8121 x x B847 C45(5) 8122 x x B843 C45(11) 8123 x B846 C45(5) 8124 x x B838 C45(1) 8125 x B839 C45(1) 8126 x B864 C45(1) 8127 x B840 C45(1) 8128 x B845 C45(5) 8129 x B844 C45(5) 8130 x B388 C45(1) 8131 x B195 C45(1) 8132 x B835 C44(1) 8133 x B119 C10(8) 8134 B120 C10(8) 8135 B684 C10(8) 8136 B299 C10(8) 8137 B852 C45(12) 8138 x B841 C45(1) 8139 x B853 C45(12) 8140 B854 C45(6) 8141 B349 C45(8) 8142 B193 C45(7) 8145 B26 C2(1) 8146 x x B374 C2(1) 8147 x x BX B3474 B258 B480 B475 B47 B42 BX B66B x B379 x B567 x B243A x B247 x x x BX x x BX x B109 B386 B875 x x BX x x BX x BX x B360 x B302 x B685 x B123 x B122 x BX BX B799 x B178 x FX FX B726A FX B191 x B11 Bridges

Bridge Ferbane Bog (000575) Lough Ennell SAC (000685) Lough Owel SAC (000688) Clonaslee Eskers And Derry Bog SAC (000859) Split Hills And Long Hill Esker SAC (001831) Type ID Channel_ID Unique ID Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater B1 C1(1) 7277 B351 C2(1) 7278 B197 C2(1) 7279 B27 C2(1) 7280 B392 C2(3) 7281 B198 C2(1) 7282 B390 C2(1) 7283 B199 C2(1) 7284 B198A C2(3) 7285 B2 C1(1) 7286 B200 C2(1) 7288 B28 C2(1) 7289 B393 C2(4) 7290 B394 C2(4) 7291 B201 C2(1) 7292 B202 C2(1) 7293 B29 C2(5) 7295 B203 C2(1) 7296 B204 C2(1) 7297 B205 C2(1) 7298 B206 C2(1) 7299 B411 C3(3A) 7300 B33 C3(3A) 7301 B410 C3(3A) 7302 B391 C2(1) 7303 B3 C1(1) 7304 x B32 C3(3A) 7305 B208 C3(3A) 7306 B409 C3(3A) 7307 B30 C3(3) 7308 B31 C3(3A) 7309 B408 C3(3A) 7310 B352 C1(1) 7311 B407 C3(3) 7312 B406 C3(3) 7313 B36 C3(1) 7314 B405 C3(3) 7315 B404 C3(3) 7316 B412 C3(17) 7317 B419 C3(18) 7318 B413 C3(17) 7319 B14 C1(1) 7320 B414 C3(17) 7321 B35 C3(1) 7322 B403 C3(3) 7323 B417 C3(17) 7324 B415 C3(17) 7325 B416 C3(17) 7326 B418 C3(17) 7327 B420 C3(18) 7328 B37 C3(4) 7329 B402 C3(3) 7330 B421 C3(18) 7332 B34 C3(1) 7333 B38 C3(4) 7334 B422 C3(18) 7335 B423 C3(18) 7336 B424 C3(18) 7337 B39 C3(5) 7338 B425 C3(18) 7339 B16 C1(1) 7340 B210 C3(5) 7341 B512 C4(1) 7342 B511 C4(1) 7343 B426 C3(18) 7344 B40 C3(5) 7345 B427 C3(18) 7346 B510 C4(1) 7347 B41 C3(6) 7348 B509 C4(1) 7349 B428 C3(18) 7350 B227 C4(1) 7351 B228 C4(1) 7352 B211 C3(1) 7353 B233 C5(1) 7354 B516 C5(1) 7355 B515 C5(1) 7356 B232 C5(1) 7357 B229 C5(1) 7358 B230 C5(1) 7359 Bridges

Bridge Ferbane Bog (000575) Lough Ennell SAC (000685) Lough Owel SAC (000688) Clonaslee Eskers And Derry Bog SAC (000859) Split Hills And Long Hill Esker SAC (001831) Type ID Channel_ID Unique ID Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater B514 C5(1) 7360 B375 C5(1) 7361 B231 C5(1) 7362 B513 C5(1) 7363 B228 C5(1) 7364 B420 C3(16) 7365 B526 C6(1) 7366 B449 C3(19) 7367 B212 C3(1) 7368 B525 C6(1) 7369 B450 C3(19) 7370 B213 C3(7) 7371 B129 C16(3) 7372 B524 C6(1) 7373 B44 C3(1) 7374 B305 C16(4) 7375 B441 C3(7A) 7376 B705 C16(4) 7377 B440 C3(7A) 7378 B439 C3(7A) 7379 B438 C3(7A) 7380 B437 C3(7A) 7381 B436 C3(7A) 7382 B218 C3(1) 7383 B435 C3(7A) 7384 B523 C6(1) 7385 B214 C3(7) 7386 B703 C16(3) 7387 B522 C6(1) 7388 B448 C3(7B) 7389 B447 C3(7B) 7390 B446 C3(7B) 7391 B443 C3(7B) 7392 B444 C3(7B) 7393 B445 C3(7B) 7394 B442 C3(7B) 7395 B702 C16(3) 7396 B521 C6(1) 7397 B215 C3(7) 7398 B704 C16(4) 7399 B520 C6(1) 7400 B43 C3(7) 7401 B519 C6(1) 7402 B304 C16(4) 7403 B128 C16(1) 7404 B701 C16(1) 7405 B219 C3(1) 7406 B518 C6(1) 7407 B696 C16(1) 7408 B517 C5(2) 7409 B46 C3(1) 7410 B306 C16(1) 7411 B57 C5(2) 7412 B699 C16(1) 7413 B700 C16(1) 7414 B698 C16(1) 7416 B697 C16(1) 7417 B396 C3(1) 7418 B528 C7(1) 7419 B687 C12(2) 7420 B4 C1(1) 7421 B217 C3(7) 7422 B216 C3(7) 7423 B527 C7(1) 7424 B686 C12(2) 7425 B377 C7(1) 7426 B58 C7(1) 7427 B127 C16(1) 7428 B695 C16(1) 7429 B397 C3(1) 7430 B124 C12(1) 7431 B303 C12(1) 7432 B430 C3(7) 7433 B431 C3(7) 7434 B529 C7(1) 7435 B432 C3(7) 7436 B359 C12(1) 7437 B433 C3(7) 7438 B434 C3(7) 7440 B17 C1(1) 7441 Bridges

Bridge Ferbane Bog (000575) Lough Ennell SAC (000685) Lough Owel SAC (000688) Clonaslee Eskers And Derry Bog SAC (000859) Split Hills And Long Hill Esker SAC (001831) Type ID Channel_ID Unique ID Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater B691 C14(1) 7442 B398 C3(1) 7443 B136 C17(4) 7445 B47B C3(9) 7446 x B47A C3(1) 7447 B694 C16(1) 7449 B48 C3(1) 7450 x B474 C3(12) 7451 x B59 C7(1) 7452 B473 C3(12) 7453 x B688 C13(1) 7454 B530 C7(1) 7455 B452 M14B 7456 x B472 C3(12) 7457 x B60 C7(1) 7458 B689 C13(1) 7459 B399 C3(1) 7460 x B451 C3(9) 7461 x B690 C13(1) 7462 B486 C3(12E) 7463 x B305 C17(4) 7464 B542 C3(3) 7465 B234 C7(2) 7466 B5 C1(1) 7467 B361 C1(1) 7468 B543 C3(3) 7469 B378 C3(3) 7470 B400 C3(1) 7471 x B693 C16(1) 7472 B471 C3(12) 7473 x B239 C7(1) 7474 B242 C7(3) 7475 B531 C7(1) 7476 B241 C7(3) 7477 B51 C3(12) 7478 x x B532 C7(1) 7479 B478 C3(12B) 7480 x x B18 C1(1) 7482 B533 C7(1) 7483 B485 C3(12E) 7484 x B470 C3(12) 7485 x x B479 C3(12B) 7486 x x B537 C7(3) 7487 B363 C1(1) 7489 B534 C7(1) 7490 B481 C3(12B) 7491 x x B535 C7(1) 7493 B482 C3(12B) 7494 x x B135 C17(4) 7495 B482 C3(12D) 7496 x x B240 C7(1) 7497 B61 C7(2) 7498 B483 C3(12B) 7499 x x B692 C16(1) 7500 B483 C3(12D) 7501 x x B134 C17(4) 7502 B536 C7(1) 7503 B126 C16(1) 7504 B235 C7(2A) 7505 B236 C7(2A) 7506 B469 C3(12) 7507 x x B468 C3(12) 7508 x x B237 C7(2A) 7509 B66A C8(3) 7510 B716 C17(4) 7511 B538 C8(1) 7512 B238 C7(2A) 7513 B557 C8(3D) 7514 B578 C8(3D) 7515 B49 C3(1) 7517 x x B477 C3(12A) 7518 x x B467 C3(12) 7519 x x B544 C8(3A) 7520 B225 C3(1) 7521 x x B476 C3(12A) 7522 x x B466 C3(12) 7523 x x B242A C8(3A) 7524 B553 C8(3A) 7525 B465 C3(12) 7526 x x B715 C17(4) 7527 Bridges

Bridge Ferbane Bog (000575) Lough Ennell SAC (000685) Lough Owel SAC (000688) Clonaslee Eskers And Derry Bog SAC (000859) Split Hills And Long Hill Esker SAC (001831) Type ID Channel_ID Unique ID Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater B876 C8(3A) 7528 B552 C8(3A) 7529 B324 C19(1) 7530 B140 C17(5) 7531 B545 C8(3A) 7532 B19 C1(1) 7533 B139 C17(5) 7534 B242B C8(3C) 7535 B730 C17(5C) 7536 B714 C17(4) 7537 B464 C3(12) 7538 x x B220 C3(10) 7539 x x B729 C17(5C) 7540 B721 C17(5) 7541 B503 C3(13A) 7542 x x B554 C8(3C) 7543 B551 C8(3A) 7545 B569 C8(4A) 7546 B550 C8(3A) 7547 B463 C3(12) 7548 x x B502 C3(13A) 7550 x x B130 C17(1) 7551 B555 C8(3C) 7552 B549 C8(3A) 7553 B458 C3(11) 7554 x x B548 C8(3A) 7555 B546 C8(3A) 7556 B547 C8(3A) 7557 B501 C3(13A) 7558 x x B719 C17(5) 7559 B731 C17(5D) 7560 B310 C17(5) 7561 B366 C17(5) 7562 B720 C17(5) 7563 B459 C3(11) 7564 x x B66 C8(4A) 7565 B462 C3(12) 7566 x x B718 C17(5) 7567 B65 C8(4A) 7568 B500 C3(13A) 7569 x x B499 C3(13A) 7570 x x B133 C17(4) 7571 B132 C17(1) 7572 B568 C8(4A) 7573 B460 C3(11) 7574 x x B732 C17(5D) 7575 B498 C3(13A) 7576 x x B453 C3(10) 7577 x x B223 C3(11) 7578 x x B64 C8(4B) 7579 B717 C17(5) 7580 B570 C8(4B) 7581 B566 C8(4A) 7582 B497 C3(13A) 7583 x x B461 C3(12) 7584 x x B496 C3(13A) 7585 x x B401 C3(1) 7586 x x B309 C17(1) 7587 B454 C3(10) 7588 x x B90 C9(4) 7589 B565 C8(4A) 7590 B495 C3(13A) 7591 x x B564 C8(4) 7593 B494 C3(13A) 7594 x x B562 C8(4) 7595 B63 C8(4) 7596 B243 C8(4) 7597 B560 C8(4) 7598 B455 C3(10) 7599 x x B563 C8(4) 7600 B559 C8(4) 7601 B493 C3(13A) 7602 x x B561 C8(4) 7603 B492 C3(13A) 7604 x x B556 C8(3C) 7605 B706 C17(1) 7606 B138 C17(5) 7608 B643 C8(20) 7609 B50 C3(12) 7610 x x B62 C8(4) 7611 Bridges

Bridge Ferbane Bog (000575) Lough Ennell SAC (000685) Lough Owel SAC (000688) Clonaslee Eskers And Derry Bog SAC (000859) Split Hills And Long Hill Esker SAC (001831) Type ID Channel_ID Unique ID Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater B55 C3(1) 7612 x x B89 C9(4) 7613 B644 C8(20) 7614 B645 C8(20) 7615 B491 C3(13A) 7616 x x B243B C8(20) 7617 B489 C3(13A) 7618 x x B137 C17(5) 7619 B456 C3(10A) 7621 x x B490 C3(13A) 7622 x x B244 C8(1) 7623 B131 C17(2) 7624 B221 C3(10A) 7625 x x B88 C9(1) 7626 B222 C3(10) 7627 x x B646 C8(20) 7628 B316 C18(3) 7629 B271 C9(4) 7630 B728 C17(5D) 7631 B648 C9(4) 7632 B727 C17(5D) 7633 B457 C3(10A) 7634 x x B315 C18(3) 7635 B87 C9(3) 7636 B707 C17(1) 7638 B6 C1(1) 7639 B244 C8(1) 7640 B708 C17(2) 7642 B270 C9(3) 7644 B647 C9(1) 7645 B7 C1(1) 7647 B709 C17(2) 7648 B142 C17(1) 7649 B725 C17(5E) 7650 B710 C17(2) 7651 B723 C17(5B) 7652 B726 C17(5E) 7653 B733 C18(3) 7654 B574 C8(5) 7655 B308 C17(2) 7656 B273 C9(5) 7658 B724 C17(5B) 7659 B272 C9(5) 7660 B504 C3(13C) 7661 x x x B314 C18(3) 7662 B505 C3(13C) 7663 x x x B573 C8(5) 7664 B91 C9(1) 7665 B311 C17(1) 7666 B711 C17(2) 7667 B216A C8(5) 7668 B145 C18(3) 7669 B712 C17(2) 7670 B713 C17(2) 7671 B572 C8(5) 7672 B54 C3(13C) 7673 x x x B487 C3(13) 7674 x x B367 C17(2) 7675 B737 C18(3) 7676 B154 C20(2) 7677 B369 C18(3) 7678 B312 C18(3) 7679 B68 C8(5) 7680 B313 C18(3) 7681 B488 C3(13) 7682 x x B245 C8(1) 7683 B321 C20(1) 7684 B52 C3(13) 7685 x x B739 C18(3B) 7686 B751 C20(1) 7687 B143 C17(1) 7688 B144 C17(1) 7690 B368 C18(3B) 7691 B320 C20(1) 7692 B750 C20(1) 7693 B380 C8(5) 7694 B155 C20(1) 7695 B571 C8(5) 7696 B740 C18(3B) 7697 B367A C18(3) 7699 x Bridges

Bridge Ferbane Bog (000575) Lough Ennell SAC (000685) Lough Owel SAC (000688) Clonaslee Eskers And Derry Bog SAC (000859) Split Hills And Long Hill Esker SAC (001831) Type ID Channel_ID Unique ID Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater B318 C20(1) 7700 B506 C3(13D) 7701 x x B319 C20(1) 7702 B8 C20(1) 7703 B53 C3(13) 7704 x x B507 C3(13D) 7705 x x B151 C18(1) 7706 B508 C3(13D) 7707 x x B351 C8(1) 7708 B576 C8(6) 7709 B575 C8(6) 7710 B370 C18(1) 7711 B92 C9(1) 7712 B736 C18(1) 7713 B577 C8(6A) 7714 B71 C8(1) 7715 B70 C8(6A) 7716 B752 C20(1) 7717 B735 C18(1) 7718 B148 C18(1) 7719 x B861 C18(1) 7721 x B753 C20(1) 7722 B578 C8(6A) 7723 B747 C18(5) 7724 B382 C10(1) 7725 B100 C10(1) 7726 B353 C9(6) 7727 B10 C1(1) 7728 B854 C9(1) 7729 B150 C18(1) 7730 x B649 C9(6) 7731 B874 C10(9) 7732 B653 C9(6A) 7733 B9 C1(1) 7734 B652 C9(6A) 7736 B249 C8(8) 7737 B279 C10(1) 7738 B275 C9(6A) 7739 B589 C8(8) 7740 B93 C9(6) 7741 B280 C10(1) 7742 B743 C18(4B) 7743 x B733 C18(1) 7744 x B748 C18(5A) 7745 B734 C18(1) 7746 x B651 C9(6A) 7747 B749 C18(5A) 7748 B588 C8(8) 7749 B252 C8(11) 7750 B253 C8(11) 7751 B587 C8(8) 7752 B281 C10(1) 7753 B250 C8(9) 7754 B586 C8(8) 7755 B282 C10(1) 7756 B744 C18(4B) 7757 x B745 C18(4B) 7758 x B274 C9(6A) 7759 B283 C10(1) 7760 B254 C8(11) 7761 B585 C8(8) 7762 B76 C8(1) 7763 B276 C9(1) 7764 B77 C8(11A) 7765 B746 C18(4B) 7766 x B72 C8(7) 7767 B579 C8(7) 7768 B284 C10(1) 7769 B755 C21(1) 7770 B754 C21(1) 7771 B604 C8(13) 7772 B580 C8(7) 7773 B650 C9(6A) 7774 B590 C8(10) 7775 B94 C9(6) 7776 B591 C8(10) 7777 B80 C8(1) 7778 B285 C10(1) 7779 B768 C49(1) 7780 x B79 C8(13) 7781 Bridges

Bridge Ferbane Bog (000575) Lough Ennell SAC (000685) Lough Owel SAC (000688) Clonaslee Eskers And Derry Bog SAC (000859) Split Hills And Long Hill Esker SAC (001831) Type ID Channel_ID Unique ID Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater B263 C8(17A) 7782 x B605 C8(13) 7783 B600 C8(11A) 7784 B767 C49(1) 7785 x B629 C8(17C) 7786 x B620 C8(17A) 7787 x B592 C8(10) 7788 B593 C8(10) 7790 B766 C49(1) 7791 x B601 C8(11A) 7793 B594 C8(10) 7794 B595 C8(10) 7795 B262 C8(17A) 7796 x B619 C8(17A) 7797 x B78 C8(12) 7798 B602 C8(11A) 7799 B596 C8(10) 7800 B765 C49(1) 7801 x B618 C8(17A) 7802 x B597 C8(10) 7803 B617 C8(17A) 7804 x B628 C8(17C) 7805 x B603 C8(11A) 7806 B606 C8(13) 7807 B627 C8(17B) 7808 x B74 C8(10) 7809 B269 C8(1) 7810 x B266 C8(17B) 7811 x B616 C8(17A) 7812 x B248 C8(7) 7813 B268 C8(1) 7814 x B764 C49(1) 7815 x B646 C8(19) 7816 x B763 C49(1) 7817 x B147 C18(4) 7818 x B73 C8(7) 7819 B598 C8(10) 7820 B641 C8(19) 7821 x B261 C8(17A) 7822 B741 C18(4) 7823 x B267 C8(1) 7824 x B756 C48(1) 7825 B75 C8(10) 7826 B795 C37(1) 7827 B762 C49(1) 7828 x B541 C8(1) 7829 x B626 C8(17B) 7830 x B599 C8(10) 7831 B742 C18(4) 7832 x B761 C49(1) 7833 x B581 C8(7) 7834 B625 C8(17B) 7835 x B265 C8(17B) 7836 B582 C8(7) 7837 B860 C8(17B) 7838 B538 C8(1) 7839 B757 C48(1) 7840 B607 C8(13) 7841 B624 C8(17B) 7842 B864 C8(17B) 7843 B760 C49(1) 7844 x B623 C8(17B) 7845 B640 C8(18A) 7846 B615 C8(17A) 7847 B622 C8(17B) 7848 B614 C8(17A) 7849 B759 C49(1) 7850 x B639 C8(18A) 7851 B583 C8(7) 7852 B621 C8(17B) 7853 B608 C8(13) 7854 B156 C22(1) 7855 B613 C8(17A) 7856 B355 C10(1) 7857 B863 C1(1) 7858 x B84 C8(1) 7859 B758 C22(1) 7860 B638 C8(18A) 7862 B769 C25/1 7863 x B609 C8(13) 7864 Bridges

Bridge Ferbane Bog (000575) Lough Ennell SAC (000685) Lough Owel SAC (000688) Clonaslee Eskers And Derry Bog SAC (000859) Split Hills And Long Hill Esker SAC (001831) Type ID Channel_ID Unique ID Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater B179 C37(1) 7865 x B612 C8(17A) 7867 B101 C10(1) 7868 B157 C23(1) 7869 B637 C8(18A) 7870 B255 C8(13) 7871 B540 C8(1) 7872 B611 C8(17A) 7873 B770 C25(1) 7874 x B85 C8(18A) 7876 B633 C8(18) 7877 B635 C8(18) 7878 B634 C8(18) 7879 B286 C10(1) 7880 B260A C8(1) 7881 B632 C8(18) 7882 B177 C37(3) 7883 x B85A C8(18) 7884 B868 C8(18) 7885 B631 C8(18) 7886 B12 C1(1) 7887 x B256 C8(15) 7888 B183 C38(1) 7889 B96 C9(1) 7890 B371 C35(1) 7891 x B102 C10(1) 7892 B173 C35(1) 7893 x B86 C8(18) 7894 B859 C8(18B) 7895 B798 C37(3) 7896 x B794 C37(1) 7897 x B172 C35(1) 7898 x B83 C8(17) 7899 B870 C8(18B) 7900 B287 C10(1) 7901 B630 C8(18) 7902 B82 C8(1) 7903 B260 C8(1) 7904 B636 C8(18) 7905 B797 C37(3) 7906 x B871 C8(18B) 7907 B872 C8(18) 7908 B873 C8(18) 7910 B97 C9(7) 7911 B103 C10(1) 7912 B26 C8(17) 7913 B258 C8(17) 7914 B610 C8(16) 7915 B259 C8(1) 7916 B288 C10(1) 7917 B170 C35(5) 7918 x x B158 C23(1) 7919 x B865 C8(16A) 7921 B257 C8(16) 7922 B804 C39(1) 7923 B105 C10(2B) 7924 B81 C8(15) 7925 B855 C9(1) 7926 B866 C8(16B) 7927 B182 C38(1) 7928 x B104 C10(2) 7930 B383 C10(2) 7931 B337 C35(5) 7932 x B171 C35(1) 7933 x B150 C27(1) 7934 x B372 C37(1) 7935 x B658 C10(2) 7936 B667 C10(2B) 7937 B335 C35(4) 7938 x x B784 C35(1) 7939 x B339 C35(1) 7940 x B657 C9(12) 7941 B323 C30(1) 7942 x x B338 C35(1) 7943 x B665 C10(2A) 7944 B788 C35(4) 7945 x x B340 C35(6) 7946 x B771 C27(1) 7947 x B24 C1(1) 7948 x x B776 C30(1) 7949 x x Bridges

Bridge Ferbane Bog (000575) Lough Ennell SAC (000685) Lough Owel SAC (000688) Clonaslee Eskers And Derry Bog SAC (000859) Split Hills And Long Hill Esker SAC (001831) Type ID Channel_ID Unique ID Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater B169 C35(1) 7950 x B793 C37(1) 7951 x B334 C35(4) 7952 x x B23 C1(1) 7954 x x B666 C10(2A) 7955 B373 C38(1) 7956 x B783 C35(1) 7957 x x B336 C35(1) 7958 x B792 C37(1) 7959 x B796 M32A 7960 x B323 C35(4) 7961 x x B801 C38(1) 7962 x B185 C39(1) 7963 x B343 C39(1) 7964 x B787 C35(4) 7965 x x B342 C38(1) 7966 x B789 C35(6) 7967 x B176 C37(1) 7968 x B289 C10(2) 7969 B332 C35(1) 7970 x x B389 C1(1) 7972 x x B868 C39(1) 7973 x B356 C10(3) 7974 B98 C9(1) 7975 B856 M21A 7976 B858 M21A 7977 B290 C10(2) 7978 B857 M21A 7979 B105 C10(3) 7980 B341 C38(1) 7981 x x B181 C38(1) 7982 x x B277 C9(1) 7983 B772 C29(1) 7984 x B773 C29(1) 7985 x B791 C37(1) 7986 x x B161 C29(1) 7987 x x B180 C38(1) 7988 x x B802 C39(1) 7989 x B790 C37(1) 7990 x x B774 C29(1) 7991 x x B331 C35(3A) 7992 x x B786 C35(3) 7993 x B168 C35(1) 7994 x B330 C35(3) 7995 x B775 C29(1) 7996 x x B175 C37(1) 7997 x x B800 C38(1) 7998 x x B174 C36(1) 7999 x x x B278 C9(8) 8000 x B194 C39(1) 8002 x B.162 C29(1) 8003 x B699 C9(8) 8004 x B776 C29(1) 8005 x x B106 C10(2) 8006 B293 C10(4) 8007 B292 C10(4) 8009 B671 C10(4) 8010 B357 C10(4) 8011 B668 C10(4) 8012 B777 C29(1) 8013 x x B659 C10(2) 8014 B660 C10(2) 8015 B785 C35(2) 8016 x x x B669 C10(4) 8017 B670 C10(4) 8018 B329 C35(1) 8019 x x x B167 C34(1) 8020 x x x B656 C9(10) 8021 x B22 C1(1) 8023 x x x B672 C10(4) 8024 B661 C10(2) 8025 B13 C1(1) 8026 x x x B180 C40(1) 8027 x B806 C40(1) 8028 x B862 C40(1) 8029 x B662 C10(2) 8030 B683 C10(2) 8031 B110 C10(1) 8032 B779 C31(1) 8033 x x B653 C9(8) 8034 x Bridges

Bridge Ferbane Bog (000575) Lough Ennell SAC (000685) Lough Owel SAC (000688) Clonaslee Eskers And Derry Bog SAC (000859) Split Hills And Long Hill Esker SAC (001831) Type ID Channel_ID Unique ID Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater B166 C33(1) 8035 x x B326 C31(1) 8036 x x B328 C32(1) 8037 x x x B324 C31(1) 8038 x x B664 C10(2) T B782 C31(2) 8040 x x B165 C32(1) 8041 x x B163 C31(1) 8042 x x B325 C31(2) 8043 x x B190 C41(1) 8044 x x B111 C10(5) 8045 B815 C41(1) 8046 x x B780 C31(1) 8047 x x B680 C10(6A) 8048 B164 C31(2) 8049 x x B327 C31(1) 8050 x x B384 C10(5) 8051 B112 C10(6A) 8052 B679 C10(6A) 8053 B814 C41(1) 8054 x x B294 C10(6) 8055 B678 C10(6A) 8056 B189 C41(1) 8057 x x B345 C41(1) 8058 x x B675 C10(5) 8059 B675 C10(6) 8060 B805 C40(1) 8061 x x x B107 C10(2) 8062 B813 C41(1) 8063 x B654 C9(8) 8064 B188 C41(1) 8065 x B113 C10(6) 8066 B676 C10(6) 8067 B677 C10(6) 8068 B812 C41(1) 8069 x B295 C10(1) 8070 B674 C10(5) 8071 B811 C41(1) 8072 x B344 C41(1) 8073 x B781 C31(1) 8074 x x B296 C10(1) 8075 B819 C42(1) 8076 x x B818 C42(1) 8077 x x B655 C9(8) 8078 B817 C42(1) 8079 x x B809 C41(1) 8080 x B297 C10(1) 8081 B820 C42(1) 8082 x B821 C42(1) 8083 x B187 C41(1) 8084 x x B808 C41(1) 8085 x x B115 C10(1) 8086 B807 C41(1) 8087 x x B832 C44(1) 8088 x x x B829 C43(3) 8089 x B822 C43(1) 8090 x x B347 C44(1) 8092 x x B192 C45(1) 8093 x x x B828 C43(3) 8094 x B842 C45(10) 8095 x x B833 C44(1) 8096 x x B116 C10(7) 8097 B191A C43(1) 8098 x B823 C43(1) 8099 x B681 C10(7) 8100 B830 C43(4) 8101 x B824 C43(1) 8102 x B827 C43(2) 8103 x B831 C43(4) 8104 x B836 C45(1) 8105 x x B117 C10(7) 8106 B825 C43(1) 8108 x B682 C10(7) 8109 B834 C44(1) 8110 x B826 C43(1) 8112 x B683 C10(7) 8113 B837 C45(1) 8114 x B348 C45(1) 8117 x B850 C45(5) 8118 x x B849 C45(5) 8119 x x Bridges

Bridge Ferbane Bog (000575) Lough Ennell SAC (000685) Lough Owel SAC (000688) Clonaslee Eskers And Derry Bog SAC (000859) Split Hills And Long Hill Esker SAC (001831) Type ID Channel_ID Unique ID Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater Surface Water Land & Air Groundwater B118 C10(1) 8120 B848 C45(5) 8121 x x B847 C45(5) 8122 x x B843 C45(11) 8123 x B846 C45(5) 8124 x x B838 C45(1) 8125 x B839 C45(1) 8126 x B864 C45(1) 8127 x B840 C45(1) 8128 x B845 C45(5) 8129 x B844 C45(5) 8130 x B388 C45(1) 8131 x B195 C45(1) 8132 x B835 C44(1) 8133 x B119 C10(8) 8134 B120 C10(8) 8135 B684 C10(8) 8136 B299 C10(8) 8137 B852 C45(12) 8138 x B841 C45(1) 8139 x B853 C45(12) 8140 x B854 C45(6) 8141 B349 C45(8) 8142 B193 C45(7) 8145 B26 C2(1) 8146 B374 C2(1) 8147 BX B3474 B258 B480 x x B475 x B47 B42 BX B66B B379 B567 B243A B247 BX BX B109 B386 x B875 BX BX BX B360 B302 B685 B123 B122 BX BX B799 x B178 x FX FX B726A FX x B191 x x B11 x

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